1 files changed, 114 insertions, 150 deletions

diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml
index 589bb36175..610842dcfa 100644
--- a/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml
+++ b/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml
@@ -25,193 +25,164 @@
   <sect1 id="x11-synopsis">
     <title>概述</title>
 
-    <para>FreeBSD uses X11 to provide users with
-      a powerful graphical user interface.  X11
-      is an open-source implementation of the X Window System that
-      includes both <application>&xorg;</application> and
-      <application>&xfree86;</application>.  &os; versions up to and
-      including &os;&nbsp;4.11-RELEASE and &os;&nbsp;5.2.1-RELEASE
-      will find the default installation to be
-      <application>&xfree86;</application>, the X11 server released by
-      The &xfree86; Project, Inc.  As of &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE, the
-      default and official flavor of X11 was changed to
-      <application>&xorg;</application>, the X11 server developed by
-      the X.Org Foundation.</para>
-
-    <para>This chapter will cover the installation and configuration
-      of X11 with emphasis on
-      <application>&xorg;</application>.</para>
-
-    <para>For more information on the video hardware that X11
-      supports, check either the <ulink
-      url="http://www.x.org/">&xorg;</ulink> or <ulink
-      url="http://www.XFree86.org/">&xfree86;</ulink> web
-      sites.</para>
+    <para>FreeBSD 使用 X11 來提供使用者相當好用的 GUI 介面。
+      X11 是 X Window 系統(包括 <application>&xorg;</application> 
+      以及 <application>&xfree86;</application> 的開放原碼實作。
+      &os; 從 &os;&nbsp;4.11-RELEASE 到 &os;&nbsp;5.2.1-RELEASE 
+      可在預設的安裝程式內安裝 <application>&xfree86;</application>
+      (由 The &xfree86; Project, Inc 發行的 X11 server)。
+      而 &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE 起，預設的 X11 改為 
+      <application>&xorg;</application>(由 X.Org 基金會所開發的 
+      X11 server)。</para>
+
+    <para>本章主要是介紹 X11 軟體(<application>&xorg;</application>)
+      的安裝與設定。</para>
+
+    <para>欲知 X11 有支援的顯示方面硬體的話，請參閱 <ulink
+      url="http://www.x.org/">&xorg;</ulink> 或 <ulink
+      url="http://www.XFree86.org/">&xfree86;</ulink> 的網站。</para>
 
     <para>讀完這章，您將了解：</para>
 
     <itemizedlist>
       <listitem>
-        <para>The various components of the X Window System, and how they
-          interoperate.</para>
+        <para>X Window 系統的各組成部份，以及它們是如何相互運作。</para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
-	<para>How to install and configure X11.</para>
+	<para>如何安裝、設定 X11。</para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
-        <para>How to install and use different window managers.</para>
+        <para>如何安裝並使用不同的 window managers。</para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
-	<para>How to use &truetype; fonts in X11.</para>
+	<para>如何在 X11 上使用 &truetype; 字型。</para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
-        <para>How to set up your system for graphical logins
-          (<application>XDM</application>).</para>
+        <para>如何設定系統以使用圖形登入介面。
+          (<application>XDM</application>)</para>
       </listitem>
     </itemizedlist>
 
     <para>在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰</para>
 
     <itemizedlist>
-      <listitem><para>Know how to install additional third-party
-        software (<xref linkend="ports">).</para></listitem>
+      <listitem><para>知道如何運用 ports、packages 來安裝軟體。
+        (<xref linkend="ports">)</para></listitem>
     </itemizedlist>
 
     <note>
-      <para>This chapter covers the installation and the configuration
-	of both <application>&xorg;</application> and
-	<application>&xfree86;</application> X11 servers.  For the most
-	part, configuration files, commands and syntaxes are identical.
-	In the case where there are differences, both
-	<application>&xorg;</application> and
-	<application>&xfree86;</application> syntaxes will be
-	shown.</para>
+      <para>本章會介紹 <application>&xorg;</application> 以及
+	<application>&xfree86;</application> 的 X11 server 安裝、設定。
+	大致而言，它們的設定檔、相關指令、語法會有些不同。
+	所以遇到這種不同情況時，我們會標註 <application>&xorg;</application>
+	以及 <application>&xfree86;</application> 的不同處。</para>
     </note>
   </sect1>
 
   <sect1 id="x-understanding">
-    <title>Understanding X</title>
+    <title>瞭解 X 的世界</title>
 
-    <para>Using X for the first time can be somewhat of a shock to someone
-      familiar with other graphical environments, such as &microsoft.windows; or
-      &macos;.</para>
+    <para>第一次接觸 X 的人，大概都會有些震撼，尤其是熟悉其他 GUI 介面(像是 
+      &microsoft.windows; 或 &macos;)的使用者。</para>
 
-    <para>While it is not necessary to understand all of the details of various
-      X components and how they interact, some basic knowledge makes
-      it possible to take advantage of X's strengths.</para>
+    <para>雖然 X 各元件的所有細節及運作方式，並不是必須要知道的。
+      但對它們有些基本概念會更容易上手。</para>
 
     <sect2>
-      <title>Why X?</title>
-
-      <para>X is not the first window system written for &unix;, but it is the
-        most popular of them.  X's original development team had worked on another
-        window system prior to writing X.  That system's name was
-        <quote>W</quote> (for <quote>Window</quote>).  X was just the next
-        letter in the Roman alphabet.</para>
-
-      <para>X can be called <quote>X</quote>, <quote>X Window System</quote>,
-	<quote>X11</quote>, and a number of other terms.  You may find
-	that using the term <quote>X Windows</quote> to describe X11
-	can be offensive to some people; for a bit more insight on
-	this, see &man.X.7;.</para>
+      <title>為何叫做 X？</title>
+
+      <para>X 並非 &unix; 上第一套視窗系統，但它卻是最廣為流傳運用。
+	原本的 X 研發團隊在研發 X 之前有開發另一套視窗系統。  那套系統叫做
+	<quote>W</quote>(取 <quote>Window</quote> 的第一個字)。
+	而 X 則是 W 之後的下一個羅馬字母。</para>
+
+      <para>X 亦被稱之為 <quote>X</quote>、<quote>X Window System</quote>、
+	<quote>X11</quote>，以及其他一些詞彙。 使用 <quote>X Windows</quote>
+	這字眼來稱呼 X11，可能會讓有些人不爽；這部分細節可參閱 &man.X.7;
+	說明。</para>
     </sect2>
 
     <sect2>
-      <title>The X Client/Server Model</title>
-
-      <para>X was designed from the beginning to be network-centric, and
-        adopts a <quote>client-server</quote> model.</para>
-
-      <para>In the X model, the
-        <quote>X server</quote> runs on the computer that has the keyboard,
-        monitor, and mouse attached.  The server's responsibility includes tasks such as managing
-        the display, handling input from the keyboard and mouse, and so on.
-        Each X application (such as <application>XTerm</application>, or
-        <application>&netscape;</application>) is a <quote>client</quote>.  A
-        client sends messages to the server such as <quote>Please draw a
-          window at these coordinates</quote>, and the server sends back
-          messages such as <quote>The user just clicked on the OK
-          button</quote>.</para>
-
-      <para>In a home or small
-        office environment, the X server and the X clients commonly run on
-        the same computer.  However, it is perfectly possible to run the X
-        server on a less powerful desktop computer, and run X applications
-        (the clients) on, say, the powerful and expensive machine that serves
-        the office.  In this scenario the communication between the X client
-        and server takes place over the network.</para>
-
-      <para>This confuses some people, because the X terminology is
-        exactly backward to what they expect.  They expect the <quote>X
-          server</quote> to be the big powerful machine down the hall, and
-        the <quote>X client</quote> to be the machine on their desk.</para>
-
-      <para>It is important to remember that the X server is the machine with the monitor and
-        keyboard, and the X clients are the programs that display the
-        windows.</para>
-
-      <para>There is nothing in the protocol that forces the client and
-        server machines to be running the same operating system, or even to
-        be running on the same type of computer.  It is certainly possible to
-        run an X server on &microsoft.windows; or Apple's &macos;, and there are
-        various free and commercial applications available that do exactly
-        that.</para>
-
-      <para>Starting with &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE, the X server that
-	installs with &os; is <application>&xorg;</application>,
-        and is available for free, under a
-        license very similar to the FreeBSD license.  Commercial X servers for
-        FreeBSD are also available.</para>
+      <title>X 的 Client/Server 架構</title>
+
+      <para>X 一開始是設計為網路架構環境，並採用 
+	<quote>client-server</quote> 架構。</para>
+
+      <para>在 X 架構下，
+	<quote>X server</quote> 是在有鍵盤、螢幕、滑鼠的電腦上運作。
+        而 server 部份則是負責像是顯示部份的管理、
+	處理來自鍵盤、滑鼠方面的輸入等等，
+        每個 X 程式(像是 <application>XTerm</application>，或
+        <application>&netscape;</application>)都是 <quote>client</quote>。
+        client 會傳訊息到 server 上，比如：<quote>Please draw a
+        window at these coordinates</quote>，接著 server 會傳回訊息，比如：
+        <quote>The user just clicked on the OK button</quote>。</para>
+
+      <para>在家庭或小辦公室環境，通常 X server 跟 X client 
+	都是在同一台電腦上執行的。  然而，也可以在比較爛的桌機上執行 X server，
+	並在比較強、比較貴的電腦上跑 X 程式(client)來做事情。
+        在這種場景，X client 與 server 之間的溝通就需透過網路來進行。</para>
+
+      <para>這點可能會讓有些人產生困惑，因為 X 術語與他們原本的認知剛好相反。
+	他們原本以為 <quote>X server</quote> 是要在最強悍的機器上跑才行，而
+	<quote>X client</quote> 則是在他們桌機上面跑。</para>
+
+      <para>有點相當重要，請記住 X server 是在有接螢幕、鍵盤的機器上運作，
+	而 X client 則是顯示這些視窗的程式。</para>
+
+      <para>協定(protocol)內並無強制規定 client 以及 server 
+	兩邊機器都得是同一作業系統，或者得是同型機器才可以。
+	換句話說，也可以在 &microsoft.windows; 或蘋果電腦(Apple)的 &macos; 
+	上跑 X server，而且可以透過許多免費或商業軟體完成這些安裝、設定。
+	</para>
+
+      <para>自 &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE 起，&os; 所裝的 X server 則是
+	<application>&xorg;</application>，
+        它是採以相當類似 FreeBSD license 的授權方式，並且可自由使用。
+        當然也有商業 X servers 的 FreeBSD 版。</para>
     </sect2>
 
     <sect2>
       <title>The Window Manager</title>
 
-      <para>The X design philosophy is much like the &unix; design philosophy,
-        <quote>tools, not policy</quote>.  This means that X does not try to
-        dictate how a task is to be accomplished.  Instead, tools are provided
-        to the user, and it is the user's responsibility to decide how to use
-        those tools.</para>
+      <para>X 設計哲學與 &unix; 設計哲學相當類似，都是
+        <quote>tools, not policy</quote>。  也就是說，X
+	不會試圖強制規定某任務應該要如何完成，而是只提供使用者一些工具，
+	至於如何運用這些工具，則是使用者本身的事了。</para>
 
-      <para>This philosophy extends to X not dictating what windows should
-        look like on screen, how to move them around with the mouse, what
-        keystrokes should be used to move between windows (i.e.,
+      <para>X 延續這哲學，它並不規定：螢幕上的視窗該長什麼樣、要如何移動滑鼠指標、
+	該用什麼組合鍵來切換各視窗(比如：在 &microsoft.windows; 的
         <keycombo action="simul">
           <keycap>Alt</keycap>
           <keycap>Tab</keycap>
-        </keycombo>, in the case of &microsoft.windows;), what the title bars
-        on each window should look like, whether or not they have close
-        buttons on them, and so on.</para>
-
-      <para>Instead, X delegates this responsibility to an application called
-        a <quote>Window Manager</quote>.  There are dozens of window
-        managers available for X: <application>AfterStep</application>,
-        <application>Blackbox</application>, <application>ctwm</application>,
-        <application>Enlightenment</application>,
-        <application>fvwm</application>, <application>Sawfish</application>,
-        <application>twm</application>,
-        <application>Window Maker</application>, and more.  Each of these
-        window managers provides a different look and feel; some of them
-        support <quote>virtual desktops</quote>; some of them allow customized
-        keystrokes to manage the desktop; some have a <quote>Start</quote>
-        button or similar device; some are <quote>themeable</quote>, allowing
-        a complete change of look-and-feel by applying a new theme.  These
-        window managers, and many more, are available in the
-        <filename>x11-wm</filename> category of the Ports Collection.</para>
-
-      <para>In addition, the <application>KDE</application> and
-	<application>GNOME</application> desktop environments both have their
-	own window managers which integrate with the desktop.</para>
-
-      <para>Each window manager also has a different configuration mechanism;
-        some expect configuration file written by hand, others feature
-        GUI tools for most of the configuration tasks; at least one
-        (<application>Sawfish</application>) has a configuration file written
-        in a dialect of the Lisp language.</para>
+        </keycombo>鍵)、各視窗的標題列長相，以及是否該有關閉鈕等等。</para>
+
+      <para>事實上，X 把這部分交給所謂的 <quote>Window Manager</quote> 來管理。
+	有一堆 window manager 程式，像是: <application>AfterStep</application>
+	、<application>Blackbox</application>、<application>ctwm</application>
+	、<application>Enlightenment</application>、
+	<application>fvwm</application>、<application>Sawfish</application>、
+        <application>twm</application>、
+        <application>Window Maker</application> 等等。每一種 window manager
+	都提供不同的使用經驗； 有些還可使用 <quote>virtual desktops(虛擬桌面)
+	</quote>；有些則可自訂組合鍵來管理桌面；有些會有 <quote>Start(開始)
+	</quote>鈕或其他類似設計；有些則是 <quote>可更換佈景主題</quote>，
+	可自行安裝新的佈景主題以更換外觀。  這些跟其他的
+        window manager 在 Ports Collection 內的 
+	<filename>x11-wm</filename> 目錄內都有。</para>
+
+      <para>此外，<application>KDE</application> 及
+	<application>GNOME</application> 桌面環境則有其自屬並整合完整的
+	window manager。</para>
+
+      <para>每個 window manager 也各有其不同的設定機制；有些需手動寫設定檔，
+	而有的則可透過 GUI 工具來完成大部分的設定。舉個例子：
+	<application>Sawfish</application> 就有以 Lisp 語言寫的設定檔。
+	</para>
 
       <note>
         <title>Focus Policy</title>
@@ -1435,11 +1406,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
         <title>Installing GNOME</title>
 
         <para>The easiest way to install
-          <application>GNOME</application> is through the
-          <quote>Desktop Configuration</quote> menu during the FreeBSD
-	  installation process as described in <xref
-	  linkend="default-desktop"> of Chapter&nbsp;2.  It can also
-          be easily installed from a package or the ports
+          <application>GNOME</application> is installed from a package or the ports
           collection:</para>
 
         <para>To install the <application>GNOME</application> package
@@ -1606,10 +1573,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
 
         <para>Just as with <application>GNOME</application> or any
           other desktop environment, the easiest way to install
-          <application>KDE</application> is through the <quote>Desktop
-          Configuration</quote> menu during the FreeBSD installation
-	  process as described in <xref linkend="default-desktop"> of Chapter
-	  2.  Once again, the software can be easily installed from a package
+          <application>KDE</application> is installed from a package
 	  or from the Ports Collection:</para>
 
         <para>To install the <application>KDE</application> package