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Diffstat (limited to 'en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook')
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/disk-layout.kil | bin | 1450 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir1.dot | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir2.dot | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir3.dot | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir4.dot | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir5.dot | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml | 589 |
9 files changed, 8 insertions, 645 deletions
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/disk-layout.kil b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/disk-layout.kil Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 85820c2878..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/disk-layout.kil +++ /dev/null diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir1.dot b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir1.dot deleted file mode 100644 index f259e8377d..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir1.dot +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -// $FreeBSD$ - -digraph directory { - root [label="Root\n/"]; - root -> "A1/"; - root -> "A2/"; -} diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir2.dot b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir2.dot deleted file mode 100644 index b846c82399..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir2.dot +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -// $FreeBSD$ - -digraph directory { - root [label="Root\n/"]; - root -> "A1/" -> "B1/"; - "A1/" -> "B2/"; - root -> "A2/"; -} diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir3.dot b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir3.dot deleted file mode 100644 index 178a3a91bb..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir3.dot +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -// $FreeBSD$ - -digraph directory { - root [label="Root\n/"]; - root -> "A1/"; - root -> "A2/" -> "B1/"; - "A2/" -> "B2/"; -} diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir4.dot b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir4.dot deleted file mode 100644 index 82d12b421a..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir4.dot +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -// $FreeBSD$ - -digraph directory { - root [label="Root\n/"]; - root -> "A1/"; - root -> "A2/" -> "B1/" -> "C1/"; - "B1/" -> "C2/"; - "A2/" -> "B2/"; -} diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir5.dot b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir5.dot deleted file mode 100644 index f5aa6e01dc..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/basics/example-dir5.dot +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -// $FreeBSD$ - -digraph directory { - root [label="Root\n/"]; - root -> "A1/" -> "C1/"; - "A1/" -> "C2/"; - root -> "A2/" -> "B1/"; - "A2/" -> "B2/"; -} diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml index 095e68843e..25016f6ede 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors/chapter.sgml @@ -3832,6 +3832,14 @@ doc/zh_TW.Big5</screen> <variablelist> <varlistentry> + <term>RELENG_4_6_1_RELEASE</term> + + <listitem> + <para>FreeBSD 4.6.1</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> <term>RELENG_4_6_0_RELEASE</term> <listitem> diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 0ea7f84352..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# -# Build the Handbook with just the content from this chapter. -# -# $FreeBSD$ -# - -CHAPTERS= sound/chapter.sgml - -VPATH= .. - -MASTERDOC= ${.CURDIR}/../${DOC}.${DOCBOOKSUFFIX} - -DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../../.. - -.include "../Makefile" diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index fc05ff119d..0000000000 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,589 +0,0 @@ -<!-- - The FreeBSD Documentation Project - - $FreeBSD$ ---> - -<chapter id="sound"> - <chapterinfo> - <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Moses</firstname> - <surname>Moore</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> - </authorgroup> - <!-- 20 November 2000 --> - </chapterinfo> - - <title>Sound</title> - - <sect1 id="sound-synopsis"> - <title>Synopsis</title> - - <para>FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing you - to enjoy high fidelity output from your computer. This includes - the ability to record and playback audio in the MPEG Audio Layer - 3 (MP3), WAV, and Ogg Vorbis formats as well as many other - formats. The FreeBSD Ports Collection also contains - applications allowing you to edit your recorded audio, add sound - effects, and control attached MIDI devices.</para> - - <para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>How to locate your sound card.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>How to configure your system so that your sound card is - recognized.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Methods to test that your card is working using - sample applications.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>How to troubleshoot your sound setup.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>How to playback and encode MP3s.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>How to rip CD audio tracks into data files.</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>Know how to configure and install a new kernel (<xref - linkend="kernelconfig">).</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="sound-device"> - <title>Locating the Correct Device</title> - - <indexterm><primary>PCI</primary></indexterm> - <indexterm><primary>ISA</primary></indexterm> - <indexterm><primary>sound cards</primary></indexterm> - <para>Before you begin, you should know the model of the card you - have, the chip it uses, and whether it is a PCI or ISA card. - FreeBSD supports a wide variety of both PCI and ISA cards. If - you do not see your card in the following list, check the - &man.pcm.4; manual page. This is not a complete list; however, - it does list some of the most common cards.</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Crystal 4237, 4236, 4232, 4231</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Yamaha OPL-SAx</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>OPTi931</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Ensoniq AudioPCI 1370/1371</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>ESS Solo-1/1E</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>NeoMagic 256AV/ZX</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Sound Blaster Pro, 16, 32, AWE64, AWE128, Live</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Creative ViBRA16</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Advanced Asound 100, 110, and Logic ALS120</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>ES 1868, 1869, 1879, 1888</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Gravis UltraSound</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Aureal Vortex 1 or 2</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - - <indexterm> - <primary>kernel</primary> - <secondary>configuration</secondary> - </indexterm> - - <para>To use your sound device, you will need to load the proper - device driver. This may be accomplished in one of two ways. - The easiest way is to simply load a kernel module for your sound - card with &man.kldload.8;. Alternatively, you may statically - compile in support for your sound card in your kernel. The - sections below provide the information you need to add support - for your hardware in this manner. For more information about - recompiling your kernel, please see <xref - linkend="kernelconfig">.</para> - - <sect2> - <title>Creative, Advance, and ESS Sound Cards</title> - - <para>If you have one of the above cards, you will need to - add:</para> - - <programlisting>device pcm</programlisting> - - <para>to your kernel configuration file. If you have a PnP ISA - card, you will also need to add:</para> - - <programlisting>device sbc</programlisting> - - <para>For a non-PnP ISA card, add:</para> - - <programlisting>device pcm -device sbc0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x15</programlisting> - - <para>to your kernel configuration file. The settings shown - above are the defaults. You may need to change the IRQ or the - other settings to match your card. See the &man.sbc.4; manual - page for more information.</para> - - <note> - <para>The Sound Blaster Live is not supported under FreeBSD 4.0 - without a patch, which this section will not cover. It is - recommended that you update to the latest -STABLE before - trying to use this card.</para> - </note> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Gravis UltraSound Cards</title> - - <para>For a PnP ISA card, you will need to add:</para> - - <programlisting>device pcm -device gusc</programlisting> - - <para>to your kernel configuration file. If you have a non-PnP - ISA card, you will need to add:</para> - - <programlisting>device pcm -device gus0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x13</programlisting> - - <para>to your kernel configuration file. You may need to change - the IRQ or the other settings to match your card. See the - &man.gusc.4; manual page for more information.</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Crystal Sound Cards</title> - - <para>For Crystal cards, you will need to add:</para> - - <programlisting>device pcm -device csa</programlisting> - - <para>to your kernel configuration file.</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Generic Support</title> - - <para>For PnP ISA or PCI cards, you will need to add:</para> - - <programlisting>device pcm</programlisting> - - <para>to your kernel configuration file. If you have a non-PnP - ISA sound card that does not have a bridge driver, you will - need to add:</para> - - <programlisting>device pcm0 at isa? irq 10 drq 1 flags 0x0</programlisting> - - <para>to your kernel configuration file. You may need to change - the IRQ or the other settings to match your card.</para> - - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Onboard Sound</title> - - <para>Some systems with built-in motherboard sound devices may - require the following option in your kernel - configuration:</para> - - <programlisting>options PNPBIOS</programlisting> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="sound-devicenodes"> - <title>Creating and Testing the Device Nodes</title> - - <indexterm><primary>device nodes</primary></indexterm> - <para>After you reboot, log in and run <command>dmesg | grep - pcm</command> as shown below:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; dmesg | grep pcm -pcm0: <SB16 DSP 4.11> on sbc0</screen> - - <para>The output from your system may look different. If no - <devicename>pcm</devicename> devices show up, something went - wrong earlier. If that happens, go through your kernel - configuration file again and make sure you chose the correct - device. Consult the troubleshooting section for additional - options.</para> - - <para>If the previous command returned - <devicename>pcm0</devicename>, you will have to run the - following as <username>root</username>:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; cd /dev -&prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0</screen> - - <para>If the command returned <devicename>pcm1</devicename>, - follow the same steps as shown above, replacing - <devicename>snd0</devicename> with - <devicename>snd1</devicename>.</para> - - <note> - <para>The above commands will <emphasis>not</emphasis> create a - <devicename>/dev/snd</devicename> device!</para> - </note> - - <para><command>MAKEDEV</command> will create a group of device - nodes, including:</para> - - <informaltable frame="none"> - <tgroup cols="2"> - <thead> - <row> - <entry>Device</entry> - <entry>Description</entry> - </row> - </thead> - - <tbody> - <row> - <entry><devicename>/dev/audio</devicename></entry> - <entry>SPARC-compatible audio device</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry><devicename>/dev/dsp</devicename></entry> - <entry>Digitized voice device</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry><devicename>/dev/dspW</devicename></entry> - <entry>Like <devicename>/dev/dsp</devicename>, but 16 bits - per sample</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry><devicename>/dev/midi</devicename></entry> - <entry>Raw midi access device</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry><devicename>/dev/mixer</devicename></entry> - <entry>Control port mixer device</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry><devicename>/dev/music</devicename></entry> - <entry>Level 2 sequencer interface</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry><devicename>/dev/sequencer</devicename></entry> - <entry>Sequencer device</entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry><devicename>/dev/pss</devicename></entry> - <entry>Programmable device interface</entry> - </row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> - </informaltable> - - <para>If all goes well, you should now have a functioning sound - card. You may want to install an application such as - <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> to listen to audio files.</para> - - <sect2> - <title>Common Problems</title> - - <informaltable> - <tgroup cols="2"> - <thead> - <row> - <entry>Error</entry> - <entry>Solution</entry> - </row> - </thead> - <indexterm><primary>device node</primary></indexterm> - - <tbody> - <row> - <entry><errorname>unsupported subdevice XX</errorname></entry> - <entry><para>One or more of the device nodes was not created - correctly. Repeat the steps above.</para></entry> - </row> - - <indexterm><primary>I/O port</primary></indexterm> - <row> - <entry><errorname>sb_dspwr(XX) timed out</errorname></entry> - <entry><para>The I/O port is not set correctly.</para></entry> - </row> - - <indexterm><primary>IRQ</primary></indexterm> - <row> - <entry><errorname>bad irq XX</errorname></entry> - <entry><para>The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that - the set IRQ and the sound IRQ are the same.</para></entry> - </row> - - <row> - <entry><errorname>xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of - memory</errorname></entry> - <entry><para>There is not enough available memory to use - the device.</para></entry> - </row> - - <indexterm><primary>DSP</primary></indexterm> - <row> - <entry><errorname>xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!</errorname></entry> - <entry><para>Check with <command>fstat | grep dsp</command> - if another application is holding the device open. - Noteworthy troublemakers are <application>esound</application> and <application>KDE</application>'s sound - support.</para></entry> - </row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> - </informaltable> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="sound-mp3"> - <sect1info> - <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Chern</firstname> - <surname>Lee</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> - </authorgroup> - <!-- 11 Sept 2001 --> - </sect1info> - - <title>MP3 Audio</title> - - <para>MP3 (MPEG Layer 3 Audio) accomplishes near CD-quality sound, - leaving no reason to let your FreeBSD workstation fall short of - its offerings.</para> - - <sect2 id="mp3-players"> - <title>MP3 Players</title> - - <para>By far, the most popular XFree86 MP3 player is - <application>XMMS</application> (X Multimedia System). - <application>Winamp</application> - skins can be used with <application>XMMS</application> since the - GUI is almost identical to that of Nullsoft's - <application>Winamp</application>. - <application>XMMS</application> also has native plug-in - support.</para> - - <para><application>XMMS</application> can be installed from the - <filename role="package">audio/xmms</filename> port or package.</para> - - <para><application>XMMS'</application> interface is intuitive, - with a playlist, graphic equalizer, and more. Those familiar - with <application>Winamp</application> will find - <application>XMMS</application> simple to use.</para> - - <para>The <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> port is an alternative, - command-line MP3 player.</para> - - <para><application>mpg123</application> can be run by specifying - the sound device and the MP3 file on the command line, as - shown below:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; mpg123 -a <replaceable>/dev/dsp1.0</replaceable> Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3 -High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2 and 3. -Version 0.59r (1999/Jun/15). Written and copyrights by Michael Hipp. -Uses code from various people. See 'README' for more! -THIS SOFTWARE COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! - - - - - -Playing MPEG stream from BT - Foobar-GreastHits.mp3 ... -MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo -</screen> - - <para><literal>/dev/dsp1.0</literal> should be replaced with the - <devicename>dsp</devicename> device entry on your system.</para> - - </sect2> - - <sect2 id="rip-cd"> - <title>Ripping CD Audio Tracks</title> - - <para>Before encoding a CD or CD track to MP3, the audio data on - the CD must be ripped onto the hard drive. This is done by - copying the raw CDDA (CD Digital Audio) data to WAV - files.</para> - - <para>The <command>cdda2wav</command> tool, which is a part of - the <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrtools</filename> suite, is used for ripping - audio information of CDs and the information associated with - it.</para> - - <para>With the audio CD in the drive, the following command can - be issued (as <username>root</username>) to rip an entire CD - into individual (per track) WAV files:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -B</screen> - - <para>The <option>-D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable></option> - indicates the SCSI device <devicename>0,1,0</devicename>, - which corresponds to the output of <command>cdrecord - -scanbus</command>.</para> - - <para>To rip individual tracks, make use of the - <option>-t</option> option as shown:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -t 7</screen> - - <para>This example rips track seven of the audio CDROM. To rip - a range of tracks, for example, track one to seven, specify a - range:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -t 1+7</screen> - - <para><application>cdda2wav</application> will also support - ATAPI (IDE) CDROM drives. To rip from an IDE drive, specify - the device name in place of the SCSI unit numbers. For - example, to rip track 7 from an IDE drive:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D <replaceable>/dev/acd0a</replaceable> -t 7</screen> - - </sect2> - - <sect2 id="mp3-encoding"> - <title>Encoding MP3s</title> - - <para>Nowadays, the mp3 encoder of choice is - <application>lame</application>. - <application>Lame</application> can be found at - <filename role="package">audio/lame</filename> in the ports tree.</para> - - <para>Using the ripped WAV files, the following command will - convert <filename>audio01.wav</filename> to - <filename>audio01.mp3</filename>:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; lame -h -b <replaceable>128</replaceable> \ ---tt "<replaceable>Foo Song Title</replaceable>" \ ---ta "<replaceable>FooBar Artist</replaceable>" \ ---tl "<replaceable>FooBar Album</replaceable>" \ ---ty "<replaceable>2001</replaceable>" \ ---tc "<replaceable>Ripped and encoded by Foo</replaceable>" \ ---tg "<replaceable>Genre</replaceable>" \ -<replaceable>audio01.wav audio01.mp3</replaceable></screen> - - <para>128 kbits seems to be the standard MP3 bitrate in use. - Many enjoy the higher quality 160, or 192. The higher the - bitrate, the more disk space the resulting MP3 will - consume--but the quality will be higher. The - <option>-h</option> option turns on the <quote>higher quality - but a little slower</quote> mode. The options beginning with - <option>--t</option> indicate ID3 tags, which usually contain - song information, to be embedded within the MP3 file. - Additional encoding options can be found by consulting the - lame manual page.</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2 id="mp3-decoding"> - <title>Decoding MP3s</title> - - <para>In order to burn an audio CD from MP3s, they must be - converted to a non-compressed WAV format. Both - <application>XMMS</application> and - <application>mpg123</application> support the output of MP3 to - an uncompressed file format.</para> - - <para>Writing to Disk in <application>XMMS</application>:</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>Launch <application>XMMS</application>.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Right-click on the window to bring up the - <application>XMMS</application> menu.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Select <literal>Preference</literal> under - <literal>Options</literal>.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Change the Output Plugin to <quote>Disk Writer - Plugin</quote>.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Press <literal>Configure</literal>.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Enter (or choose browse) a directory to write the - uncompressed files to.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Load the MP3 file into <application>XMMS</application> - as usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned - off.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Press <literal>Play</literal> — - <application>XMMS</application> will appear as if it is - playing the MP3, but no music will be heard. It is - actually playing the MP3 to a file.</para> - </step> - - <step> - <para>Be sure to set the default Output Plugin back to what - it was before in order to listen to MP3s again.</para> - </step> - </procedure> - - <para>Writing to stdout in <application>mpg123</application>:</para> - - <procedure> - <step> - <para>Run mpg123 -s <replaceable>audio01.mp3</replaceable> - > audio01.pcm</para> - </step> - </procedure> - - <para><application>XMMS</application> writes a file in the WAV - format, while <application>mpg123</application> converts the - MP3 into raw PCM audio data. Both of these formats can be - used with <application>cdrecord</application> or - <application>burncd</application> to create audio - CDROMs.</para> - - <para>Read <xref linkend="creating-cds"> for more information on using a - CD burner in FreeBSD.</para> - </sect2> - </sect1> -</chapter> |