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Diffstat (limited to 'zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml')
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml | 246 |
1 files changed, 128 insertions, 118 deletions
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml index 8cbbaa5ac9..6e7085f6a3 100644 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.2 1999-02-16 14:20:18 vanilla Exp $ --> <!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> <!-- Translate into Chinese by wing@cc.nsysu.edu.tw --> -<!-- English Version: 1.18 --> +<!-- English Version: 1.20 --> <sect> <heading>Networking<label id="networking"></heading> @@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ <p>無磁碟開機就是讓 FreeBSD 主機從網路上開機,並且從網路上的 server 上讀取 其他必要的檔案,而非由主機的硬碟上取得這些檔案。 詳細的資料可以參考 - its hard disk. For full details, please read <url url="../handbook/diskless.html" name="FreeBSD 手冊的無磁碟開機篇"> @@ -201,44 +200,43 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0 </verb> - <p>This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the - handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file. - If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're - running an old version of <htmlurl + <p>這些設定是假設您使用的 address 跟 handbook 裡面的設定, + 或是與 man page 的範例抑或是 ppp.conf.sample 這個檔案裡的設定相同. + 如果您沒有設定 default route, 那麼有可能您現在使用舊版本的 + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> that doesn't understand the - word <tt/HISADDR/ in the ppp.conf file. If your version of - <bf/ppp/ is from before FreeBSD 2.2.5, change the + word <tt/HISADDR/ in the ppp.conf file. 如果您的系統 + <bf/ppp/ 是在 FreeBSD 2.2.5 之前的話, 修改 <verb> add 0 0 HISADDR </verb> - <p>line to one saying + <p>這一行成為 <verb> add 0 0 10.0.0.2 </verb> - <p>Another reason for the default route line being missing is that - you have mistakenly set up a default router in your + <p>default route 這行沒有出現的另一個原因是 + 你設錯了 default router , 這個設定在 <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" - name="/etc/rc.conf"> file (this file was called - <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> prior to release 2.2.2), and you have - omitted the line saying + name="/etc/rc.conf"> 檔案中 (這個檔案在 release 2.2.2 前叫 + <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> ), 你需要加入這麼一行 <verb> delete ALL </verb> - <p>from <tt>ppp.conf</tt>. If this is the case, go back to the + <p>在 <tt>ppp.conf</tt>中. 如果發生這種情形, 回到 handbook <url url="../handbook/userppp:final.html" - name="Final system configuration"> section of the handbook. + name="Final system configuration"> 的說明中查詢. <sect2> - <heading>What does "No route to host" mean</heading> + <heading>什麼叫做 "No route to host"</heading> - <p>This error is usually due to a missing + <p>This error is usually due to a missin這個狀況通常是因為缺少了這段設定 <verb> MYADDR: @@ -246,9 +244,9 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 add 0 0 HISADDR </verb> - <p>section in your <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> file. This is - only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address or don't know the - address of your gateway. If you're using interactive mode, you can + <p>請檢查您的 <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> 檔案中是否有這些設定. 只有在您 + 使用動態 IP (dynamic IP) 或不知道您 gateway 的 IP 時才需要設定這個. + 如果您是使用互動模式(interactive mode) 的話, 您可以 type the following after entering <tt/packet mode/ (packet mode is indicated by the capitalized <bf/PPP/ in the prompt): @@ -257,85 +255,82 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 add 0 0 HISADDR </verb> - <p>Refer to the <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html" - name="PPP and Dynamic IP addresses"> section of the handbook - for further details. + <p>您可以參考 handbook 中 <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html" + name="PPP and Dynamic IP addresses"> 有較詳盡的說明. + <sect2> - <heading>My connection drops after about 3 minutes</heading> + <heading>我的連線在等待三分鐘後切斷了</heading> - <p>The default ppp timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted - with the line + <p>ppp 預設的 timeout 值是三分鐘. 可以用以下這行命令調整 <verb> set timeout NNN </verb> - <p>where <bf/NNN/ is the number of seconds of inactivity before the - connection is closed. If <bf/NNN/ is zero, the connection is - never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in - the <tt>ppp.conf</tt> file, or to type it at the prompt in - interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while - the line is active by connecting to <bf/ppp/s server socket using + <p><bf/NNN/ 代表在沒有連線成功前等待幾秒才將連線關閉. + 如果 <bf/NNN/ 設為 0, 那麼將不會因為 timeout 而關閉連線,會一直等待下去 + . 你可以把這行命令放到 + <tt>ppp.conf</tt> 這個檔案裡面, 或是在 interactive mode 裡面輸入這個指令. + 也可以用 on the fly 的方式調整,在線路啟用並聯接到 + <bf/ppp/s 伺服器的線路時使用 <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet" name="telnet"> - or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl" - name="pppctl">. Refer to the + 或 <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl" + name="pppctl">. 參考 <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> man - page for further details. + page 以獲得更詳盡的資料. <sect2> - <heading>My connection drops under heavy load</heading> + <heading>我的連線因為負荷太重而斷線</heading> - <p>If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured, it is - possible that too many LQR packets are lost between your - machine and the peer. Ppp deduces that the line must therefore - be bad, and disconnects. Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, - LQR was enabled by default. It is now disabled by default. - LQR can be disabled with the line + <p>如果您設定了 Link Quality Reporting (LQR) , 就有可能 + 發生您和對方主機之間有太多的 LQR 封包遺失的現象. + Ppp 會因此判斷電話線路有問題. + , 並且決定切斷連線. 在 FreeBSD 2.2.5 版以前, + LQR 內定值是 enabled . 現在的內定值是 disabled. + LQR 可以用這一行命令取消 <verb> disable lqr </verb> <sect2> - <heading>My connection drops after a random amount of time</heading> + <heading>我的連線會不定時的斷掉</heading> - <p>Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with - call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it - thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier. + <p>有時候如果線路上有太多噪訊,甚至如果您使用了話中插撥的服務的話. + , 您的 modem 將或 hang 住,因為他誤認這些訊息是 lost carrier. - <p>There's a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant - it should be to temporary losses of carrier. On a USR - Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10 register in - tenths of a second. To make your modem more forgiving, you could - add the following send-expect sequence to your dial string: + <p>大部分的 modem 都有容忍暫時失去 carrier 的設定. + . 以 USR Sportster 為例, this is measured by the S10 register in + tenths of a second. 如果要讓您的 modem 能容忍更大的錯誤, 你可以在您的 dial string + 裡面加入以下的 send-expect 命令: <verb> set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......" </verb> - <p>Refer to your modem manual for details. + <p>參考您的 modem 內附的說明書以取得更詳細的資料. <sect2> - <heading>Nothing happens after the Login OK! message</heading> + <heading>在看到 Login OK! 的訊息以後就沒有反應了</heading> - <p>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was established, + <p>在 FreeBSD 2.2.5 以前的版本上, 一但連線建立完成以後, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" - name="ppp"> would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control - Protocol (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and - expect the client to do so. To force <bf/ppp/ to initiate - the LCP, use the following line: + name="ppp"> 會等對方的機器啟動 Line Control + Protocol (LCP). 很多 ISP 不會自動啟動這個訊息交換,而是等 + 待 cleint 端啟動. 要強迫 <bf/ppp/ 主動啟動 + LCP, 請下這個命令: <verb> set openmode active </verb> - <p><bf/Note/: It usually does no harm if both sides initiate - negotiation, so openmode is now active by default. However, - the next section explains when it <bf/does/ do some harm. + <p><bf/Note/: 通常如果兩邊都啟動訊息交換的話,通常不會造成任何副作用. + , 所以 openmode 目前內定值是啟動的. 然而, + 下一段將解釋在什麼狀況下這個設定 <bf/真的/ 會造成副作用. <sect2> - <heading>I keep seeing errors about magic being the same</heading> + <heading>我一直看到 magic being the same 的錯誤訊息</heading> <p>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages in the log that say "magic is the same". Sometimes, these @@ -876,107 +871,102 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 should point you in the right direction. <sect1> - <heading>I can't create a <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!</heading> - - <p>In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only - directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the - <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> file and the manual pages for the various - network programs mentioned there for more information. If this - leaves you totally confused, then you should pick up a book - describing network administration on another BSD-related - operating system; with few significant exceptions, administering - networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or - Ultrix. + <heading>我沒有辦法建立 <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> 這個 device!</heading> + + <p>在 Berkeley 網路架構中, 只有 kernel 程式碼可以直接存取網路界面卡. + 請參考 <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> 這個檔案和 manual pages 取得與其他不同網路程式 + 更進一步的資訊. 如果你覺得你完全搞混了的話, 您應該找一本與其他 BSD 相關 + 作業系統網路管理有關書來參考; 除了少數顯著的不同外, FreeBSD 的網路管理 + 基本上和 SunOS 4.0 和 Ultrix 是一樣的. + <sect1> - <heading>How can I setup Ethernet aliases?</heading> + <heading>我如何建立 Ethernet aliases?</heading> - <p>Add ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' to your <htmlurl + <p>把 ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' 加到你的 <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" name="ifconfig"> - command-line like the following: + 命令列中,例如: <verb> ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff </verb> <sect1> - <heading>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?</heading> + <heading>我如何指定我的 3C503 使用其他不同的的 network port?</heading> - <p>If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an - additional parameter on the + <p>如果您想使用其他的 port, 你必須在 <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" - name="ifconfig"> command line. The - default port is ``<tt/link0/''. To use the AUI port instead of - the BNC one, use ``<tt/link2/''. These flags should be specified - using the ifconfig_* variables in <htmlurl + name="ifconfig"> 的命令中指定額外的參數. 內定的 + port 是 ``<tt/link0/''. 要使用 AUI port 代替 + BNC port 的話, 改用 ``<tt/link2/''. 這些 flags 應該改變 + ifconfig_* 的變數來指定,你可以在這個檔案裡面找到 <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf">. <sect1> - <heading>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD.</heading> + <heading>我在連上/輸出 FreeBSD 的 NFS 時出現問題.</heading> - <p>Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it - mildly) and can sometimes cause problems with network intensive - applications like NFS. + <p>某些 PC 的網路卡比其他的好(含蓄的說來) + 這種狀況在造成 NFS 這種對網路敏感的程式有時會出現問題. - <p>See <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS"> - for more information on this topic. + <p>參考 <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS"> + 以獲得這個主題的更多資訊. <sect1> - <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?</heading> + <heading>為什麼我不能 NFS-mount Linux 的機器?</heading> - <p>Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests - from a privileged port; try + <p>某些版本的 Linux NFS 程式碼只接受 privileged port 的 mount request + ; 試用這行指令看看 <verb> mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt </verb> <sect1> - <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Sun box?</heading> + <heading>W為什麼我不能 NFS-mount Sun 的機器?</heading> - <p>Sun workstations running SunOS 4.X only accept mount requests - from a privileged port; try + <p>跑 SunOS 4.X 的 Sun 工作站只接受來自 privileged port 的 mount request + ; 試用這行指令看看 <verb> mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt </verb> <sect1> - <heading>I'm having problems talking PPP to NeXTStep machines.</heading> + <heading>我在使用 PPP 連線到 NeXTStep 機器時有問題.</heading> - <p>Try disabling the TCP extensions in <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> by - changing the following variable to NO: + <p>把 TCP extensions 取消, 這個設定在 <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> 裡面. + 把以下這個值設成 NO: <verb> tcp_extensions=NO </verb> - <p>Xylogic's Annex boxes are also broken in this regard and you must - use the above change to connect thru them. + <p>Xylogic 的 Annex 主機也有相同的問題,您要做相同的修改才能連上 + 這些主機. <sect1> - <heading>How do I enable IP multicast support?</heading> + <heading>我要怎樣才能把 IP multicast support 打開?</heading> <p>Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and - later by default. If you want your box to run as a multicast router, - you will need to recompile your kernel with the <tt>MROUTING</tt> - option and run <tt/mrouted/. FreeBSD 2.2 and later will start - <tt/mrouted/ at boot time if the flag <tt/mrouted_enable/ is set - to "YES" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>. + later by default. 如果您想將您的主機設定成 multicast router 的話, + 您必須重新 compile 您的 kernel, 加入 <tt>MROUTING</tt> + 的選項,並且執行 <tt/mrouted/. 如果您的<tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> 裡面的 + <tt/mrouted_enable/ 這個參數是設定成"YES" 的話.FreeBSD 2.2 及之後的 + 版本會在開機時執行 <tt/mrouted/ . - <p>MBONE tools are available in their own ports category, mbone. If - you are looking for the conference tools <tt/vic/ and <tt/vat/, - look there! + <p>MBONE 的各種工具可以在他們 ports 下所屬叫做 mbone目錄中找到. + 如果您在找視訊會議的工具如 <tt/vic/ 和 <tt/vat/ 的話, + 到那邊找找! - <p>For more information, see the + <p>如果需要更進一部的訊息,找找 <url url="http://www.mbone.com/" name="Mbone Information Web">. <sect1> - <heading>Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI chipset?</heading> + <heading>哪些網路卡是使用 DEC PCI chipset?</heading> - <p>Here is a list compiled by <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org" - name="Glen Foster">, with some more modern additions: + <p>以下是 <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org" + name="Glen Foster">提供的清單: <verb> Vendor Model @@ -999,7 +989,7 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 </verb> <sect1> - <heading>Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?</heading> + <heading>為什麼我的主機要提供 FQDN ?</heading> <p>You will probably find that the host is actually in a different domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach @@ -1154,5 +1144,25 @@ ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp a commercial product. - </sect> + <sect1> + <heading>Why do I get ``/dev/bpf0: device not configured"?</heading> + + <p>The Berkeley Packet Filter <htmlurl + url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bpf" name="(bpf)"> driver + needs to be enabled before running programs that utilize it. + Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: + + <verb> + pseudo-device bpfilter # Berkeley Packet Filter+ </verb> + + <p>Secondly, after rebooting you will have to create the device + node. This can be accomplished by a change to the <tt>/dev</tt> + directory, followed by the execution of: + + <tscreen><verb> + # sh MAKEDEV bpf0+ </verb></tscreen> + <p>Please see the <htmlurl url="../handbook/kernelconfig:nodes.html" + name="handbook's entry on device nodes"> for more information + on creating devices. + </sect> |