diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'zh_TW.Big5/FAQ')
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml | 70 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml | 43 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml | 868 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml | 138 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml | 99 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml | 492 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml | 353 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml | 630 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml | 89 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml | 242 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml | 1168 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml | 552 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml | 488 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml | 446 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml | 335 |
17 files changed, 0 insertions, 6034 deletions
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index d253a80a43..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id Exp$ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> -<!-- English Version: 1.102 --> - -<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN" [ -<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "includes.sgml"> %includes; -<!ENTITY preface SYSTEM "preface.sgml"> -<!ENTITY install SYSTEM "install.sgml"> -<!ENTITY hardware SYSTEM "hardware.sgml"> -<!ENTITY troubleshoot SYSTEM "troubleshoot.sgml"> -<!ENTITY commercial SYSTEM "commercial.sgml"> -<!ENTITY applications SYSTEM "applications.sgml"> -<!ENTITY kernelconfig SYSTEM "kernelconfig.sgml"> -<!ENTITY admin SYSTEM "admin.sgml"> -<!ENTITY x SYSTEM "x.sgml"> -<!ENTITY network SYSTEM "network.sgml"> -<!ENTITY serial SYSTEM "serial.sgml"> -<!ENTITY misc SYSTEM "misc.sgml"> -<!ENTITY hackers SYSTEM "hackers.sgml"> -<!ENTITY acknowledgments SYSTEM "acknowledgments.sgml"> -]> - -<article> - - <title>FreeBSD 2.X ±`¨£°Ýµª¶°</title> - <author> - <name>FreeBSD ¤å¥ópµe</name> - </author> - - <date>$Date: 1999-03-01 08:57:28 $</date> - - <abstract> - ³o¥÷¤å¥ó¬O FreeBSD 2.X ªº±`¨£°Ýµª¶°¡C°£«D¦³¯S§O¥[µù¡A§_«h³o¨Ç±ø¥Ø³£¾A - ¥Î©ó FreeBSD 2.0.5 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡C¦pªG±ø¥Ø¤º®e¤¤¦³ <XXX> «h¬O©|¥¼ - §¹¦¨ªº³¡¥÷¡C¦pªG±z¹ï¨ó§U¥»pµeªº¶i¦æ¦³¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡A½Ð±H¤@«Ê¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨ì - FreeBSD ¤å¥ópµeªº mailing list <htmlurl - url="mailto:freebsd-doc@freebsd.org" name="<freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG>">¡C - ±z¥i¥H±q <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/" - name="FreeBSD World Wide Web server"> ®³¨ì³o¥÷¤å¥óªº³Ì·sª©¥»¡C±z¤]¥i¥H - §Q¥Î HTTP ¨Ó¤U¸ü¥»¤å¥óªº <url url="FAQ.latin1" name="¯Â¤å¦rª©">¡A - <url url="FAQ.ps" name="postscript ª©">¡A - <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/FAQ.pdf" name="PDF ª©">¡A - ©Î¬O <url url="FAQ-html.tar.gz" name="HTML ª©">¡A©Î¬O¸g¥Ñ - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/docs" name="FreeBSD FTP ¯¸"> - ©Î¬O¥¦ªº¥ô¦ó¤@Ó <ref id="mirrors-ftp" name="mirror ¯¸»O"> ¨Ó¤U¸ü gzip'd - ªºª©¥»¡C±z©Î³\¤]·Q <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/search/search.html" - name="¦b±`¨£°Ýµª¶°¤¤·j´M¸ê®Æ">¡C - - </abstract> - - <toc> - -&preface; -&install; -&hardware; -&troubleshoot; -&commercial; -&applications; -&kernelconfig; -&admin; -&x; -&network; -&serial; -&misc; -&hackers; -&acknowledgments; - -</article> - diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 8210f5ce13..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# $Id: Makefile,v 1.3 1999-02-02 06:44:38 vanilla Exp $ - -.NOTPARALLEL: - -DOC= FAQ -DOCDIR= ${SHAREDIR}/doc/zh -FORMATS?= html roff -SGMLOPTS=-links -e big5 - -SRCS= FAQ.sgml acknowledgments.sgml admin.sgml applications.sgml -SRCS+= commercial.sgml hackers.sgml hardware.sgml install.sgml -SRCS+= kernelconfig.sgml misc.sgml network.sgml preface.sgml -SRCS+= serial.sgml troubleshoot.sgml x.sgml - -.include <bsd.sgml.mk> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 377c4c3f3f..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: acknowledgments.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> -<!-- English Version: 1.1 --> - - <sect> - <heading>·PÁÂ<label id="acknowledgments"></heading> - - <p> - <verb> - °²¦p±z¦b³o¥÷ FAQ ¤¤§ä¨ì¿ù»~ªº¦a¤è, ©Î¬O±z·Q¼W¥[¨Ç¬Æ»ò, - ½Ð¼g«Ê«H¨ì <FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. §ÚÌ«D±`·PÁ±zªº«Øij, - ¦]¬°±zªº«ØijÅý³o¥÷¤å¥óÅܱo§ó¦n! - - - FreeBSD Core Team - </verb> - - <descrip> - <tag/Jordan Hubbard/ - ¤£°±ªº§ó·s¹L®Éªº FAQ. - - <tag/Doug White/ - ¸g±`¦b freebsd-questions ¤W¦^µª°ÝÃD - - <tag/Joerg Wunsch/ - ¸g±`¦b Usenet ¤W¦^µª°ÝÃD - - <tag/Garrett Wollman/ - Networking and formatting - - <tag/Jim Lowe/ - Multicast information - - <tag/Peter da Silva/ - FreeBSD FAQ ³o¥÷¤å¥óªº¥´¦rW¤u - - <tag/The FreeBSD Team/ - Kvetching, moaning, submitting data - </descrip> - - <p>¹ï©ó¨º¨Ç´¿¸g¹ï³o¥÷ FAQ ´£¨ÑÀ°§U, ¦Ó§Ų́S´£¨ìªº¤HÌ, §Ú̥ѰJªº·PÁ±z! - </sect> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 4711fdd327..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,868 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: admin.sgml,v 1.7 1999-02-19 13:21:31 foxfair Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> -<!-- English version: 1.20 --> - - <sect> - <heading>¨t²ÎºÞ²z<label id="admin"></heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>¨t²Î°_©l³]©wÀɦbþ¡H</heading> - - <p>±q 2.0.5R ¨ì 2.2.1R¡A¥Dnªº³]©wÀɬO <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>¡C - ©Ò¦³ªº¿ï¶µ³£³Q«ü©w¦b³oÓÀÉ¡A¦Ó¨ä¥L¹³ <htmlurl url= - "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="/etc/rc"> - ©M <tt>/etc/netstart</tt> ¥u¬O¤Þ¥Î¥¦¡C - - <p>Æ[¹î <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> ³oÓÀɨÃ×¥¿¨äÈ¥H¾A¦X§Aªº¨t²Î¡C - ³oÓÀɥεù¸Ñ¶ñº¡¥Hªí¥Ü¦ó³B¸Ó©ñ¸m¤°»ò³]©w¡C - - <p>¦b 2.2.1 ¥H«á¤Î 3.0 ¡A<tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> §ó¦W¬°¤@Ó§ó®e - ©ö´yzªºÀɦW¥s <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf"> - ¡A¨Ã¥B»yªk²¤Æ¤F¨Ç¡C<tt>/etc/netstart</tt> ¥ç§ó¦W¬° - <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î <tt><htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cp" name="cp"> /usr/src/etc/rc* - /etc</tt> ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C - - <p><tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> ¥X²{¨Ã¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó±Ò°ÊÃB¥~ªº¥»¦aªA°È¹³¬O - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^inn" name="INN"> - ©Î¬Y¨Ç¦Ûq¿ï¶µ¡C - - <p><tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> ¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð(¹³¬OÂê©w°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C - - <p><tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt> ¬O Intel ±M¥Î³]©w¡A¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC - ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C - - <p>¥Ñ 2.1.0R ¶}©l¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¦b <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (©Î - <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>) ¸Ì«ü©w¤@ӥؿý¾Ö¦³"¥»¦a"°_©lÀÉ¡G - - <verb> - # Location of local startup files. - local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d - </verb> - - <p>¨CÓ¥H <tt/.sh/ µ²§ÀªºÀɱN¥H¦r¥À¶¶§Ç³Q°õ¦æ¡C - - <p>°²¦p§A·Q½T«O¬YÓ°õ¦æ¶¶§Ç¤S¤£·Q§ï©Ò¦³ªºÀɦW¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó²³æ - ªº¬[ºc¦p¤U¡A§Q¥Î¨Æ¥ý¦w±Æ¨ì¨CÓÀɦW«eªº¼Æ¦r¨Ó½T«O¶¶§Ç¡G - - <verb> - 10news.sh - 15httpd.sh - 20ssh.sh - </verb> - - <p>³o¥i¯à¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³ÂIÁà(©ÎÃþ¦ü SysV :-)) ¦ý¬O¥¦´£¨Ñ¤@Ó²³æ¦Ó³W«ßªº - ¬[ºcÅý¥»¦a¥[¤Jªº®M¥ó¤£¶·½s¿è <tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> ´N¯à«·s±Æ - §Ç¡C³\¦hªº ports/packages °²³] <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> ¬O - ¥»¦a°_©lªº¥Ø¿ý¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó²³æ¦a¥[¤J¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡S</heading> - - <p>¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser" - name="adduser"> «ü¥O¡C - - <p>¥t¥~¤]¦³Ó®M¥ó¥s ``<tt/new-account/'' ¥Ñ Ollivier Robert ¥H - Perl ¼g¥X¡C¥i¦V <tt><roberto@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> ¸ß°Ý¥¦¡C - ¥Ø«e¥¿¦bµo®i¶¥¬q¡C - - <p>n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser" name="rmuser"> «ü¥O¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â·sµwºÐ¥[¤J FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤¤¡S</heading> - - <p>¹î¬Ý <url url="../tutorials/diskformat/" name="www.freebsd.org"> - ªººÏºÐ®æ¦¡¤Æ«ü¾É¤å¥ó¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¦³¤@Ó·sªº¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸m¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¨Ï¥Î¡S</heading> - - <p>¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸mµL½×¬O ZIP ©Î EZ(©Î¬Æ¦Ü¬O³nºÐ¾÷¡A¦pªG§An³o¼Ë¨Ï¥Î - ¥¦)¡A©Î¬O¤@Ó·sªºµwºÐ¡A¥un¬O¦w¸Ë¨Ã¥Ñ¨t²Î«²Õ¡A¦Ó§A¦³ºÏ¤ù§X - /³nºÐ¤ù/©Î¨ä¥LªF¦è¥i¥H´¡¤J¡A¨º³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m³£¬OÃþ¦ü¥\¯àªºªF¦è¡C - - <p><label id="disklabel">(¥»¸`¥Dn¥Ñ <url - url="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html" - name="Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ"> ¤Þ¤J) - - <p>°²¦p¬O ZIP ©Î³nºÐ¾÷¡A§A¤w¸g¦b¤W±¦³ DOS Àɮרt²Î¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î - ¹³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¡G - - <verb> - mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy - </verb> - - <p>³o¬O°w¹ï³nºÐ¾÷¡A©Î¬O¥H¤U©R¥O¡G - - <verb> - mount -t msdos /dev/sd2s4 /zip - </verb> - - <p>¨Ï¥Î ZIP ªº¥X¼t¹w³]È¡C - - <p>¨ä¥LºÏ¤ù¡A¥Î <tt/fdisk/ ©Î <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> ¹î¬Ý - 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name="/etc/fstab"> ¥[¤J¤U±³o¤@¦æ¥i¯à¬O¤@Ó¦n¥D·N¡A§A¥H«á´N¥u - n¥´"mount /zip" : - - <verb> - /dev/sd2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0 - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò mount ¦¸nªº DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡S</heading> - - <p>¦¸n DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦b©Ò¦³¥Dn¤À³Î°Ï¤§«á³Q§ä¨ì¡AÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG§A¦³¤@Ó - "E" ¤À³Î°Ï¦b²Ä¤GÓ SCSI ¸Ë¸mªº²Ä¤GÓ DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡A§A»Ýn¦b /dev ¤U - «Ø¥ß "slice 5" ªº¯S®íÀɮסAµM«á mount /dev/sd1s5¡G - - <verb> - # cd /dev - # ./MAKEDEV sd1s5 - # mount -t msdos /dev/sd1s5 /dos/e - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤U mount ¨ä¥L²§½è©ÊÀɮרt²Î¶Ü¡S</heading> - - <p><bf/ Digital UNIX/ UFS ¥úºÐ¾÷¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤Wª½±µ mount¡C±q - Digital UNIX ©M¨ä¥L¤ä´© UFS ®æ¦¡ªº¨t²Î mount ºÏºÐ¤À³Î°Ï¥i¯à§ó - ½ÆÂø¡A¥Dn²Ó¸`¬O¨Ì¿à§@·~¨t²ÎªººÏºÐ¤À³Îªk¡C - - <p><bf/ Linux/: 2.2 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤ä´© <bf/ext2fs/ ¤À³Î°Ï¡A½Ð¬d¾\ - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount_ext2fs" - name="mount_ext2fs"> ¦³§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C - - <p><bf/ NT/: ¤w¸g¦³¤@Ó FreeBSD ¤U¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îªº°ßŪ NTFS ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ - ¦s¦b¡A§ó¦h¸ê°T§A¥i¥H¹î¬Ý Mark Ovens ¦b <htmlurl - 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<item>Latin American - <item>Norwegian ISO-8859-1 - <item>Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's) - <item>Russian Codepage 866 (alternative) - <item>Russian koi8-r (shift) - <item>Russian koi8-r - <item>Spanish ISO-8859-1 - <item>Swedish Codepage 850 - <item>Swedish ISO-8859-1 - <item>Swiss-German ISO-8859-1 - <item>United Kingdom Codepage 850 - <item>United Kingdom ISO-8859-1 - <item>United States of America ISO-8859-1 - <item>United States of America dvorak - <item>United States of America dvorakx - </itemize> - - <sect1> - <heading>§ÚµLªkÅý user quotas ¥¿±`¤u§@¡C</heading> - - <p> - <enum> - <item>¤£n¦b '/' ¥´¶} quotas¡A - - <item>§â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G - - <verb> - FS QUOTA FILE - /usr /usr/admin/quotas - /home /home/admin/quotas - ... - </verb> - </enum> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Úªº ccd ¦³¦ó¤£§´¡S</heading> - - <p>³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G - - <verb> - # ccdconfig -C - ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format - # - </verb> - - <p>³q±`³o·|µo¥Í¦b§A¹Á¸Õn³sµ² `c' ¤À³Î°Ï¡A³o¤º©wªº«¬§O¬O`µLªk¨Ï¥Îªº' - ¡Cccd ÅX°Êµ{¦¡»Ýnªº°ò¦¤À³Î°Ï«¬§O¬° FS_BSDFFS¡A½s¿è§An¸ÕµÛ³sµ²ªººÏºÐ - ¼Ð°O¨Ã§ó§ï¤À³Î°Ïªº«¬§O¬°`4.2BSD'¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>¬°¦ó§Ú¤£¯à½s¿è§Ú ccd ªººÏºÐ¼Ð°O¡S</heading> - - <p>³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G - - <verb> - # disklabel ccd0 - (³o¸Ì¦L¥X¬Y¨Ç©úÅ㪺¸ê®Æ¡A©Ò¥H¸ÕµÛ½s¿è¥¦¡^ - # disklabel -e ccd0 - (½s¿è¡AÀx¦s¡AµM«áÂ÷¶}) - disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk; - use "disklabel -r" to install initial label - # - </verb> - - <p>³o¬O¦]¬°¥Ñ ccd ¶Ç¦^ªººÏºÐ¼Ð°O¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@Ó`°²ªº'¦Ó¨S¦³¯u¥¿¦bºÏºÐ - ¤W¡C§A¥i¥H§â¥¦§¹¥þ¼g¤J¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G - - <verb> - # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp - # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp - # disklabel -e ccd0 - (this will work now) - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© System V IPC ®æ¦¡«ü¥O¶°¡H</heading> - - <p>¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-style IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A°T®§¸ò - «H¸¹¡C§A»Ýn¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦Ì¡C - - <verb> - options SYSVSHM - options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory - options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores - options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging - </verb> - - <p>«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C - - <p><bf/ª`·N¡G/ ¦pªG§An°õ¦æ GIMP §A¥i¯à»Ýn¼W¥[ SHMMAXPKGS ¨ì¬Y¨Ç¯î - ÂÕªº¼Æ¥Ø¹³¬O 4096(16M!)¡A256Kb ¹ï X11R6 ¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó»¡¤w¸g¥R¤À¨¬ - °÷¤F¡C - - <sect1> - <heading> - §Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î sendmail ³z¹L UUCP ¨Ó»¼°e¶l¥ó¡H<label id="uucpmail"> - </heading> - - <p>¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô - ªº¯¸¥x¡C·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmil ªº³]©wÀÉ - ®×¡C - - - <p>¤â°Êקï <tt>/etc/sendmail.cf</tt> ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²nªº¡C²Ä 8 ª©ªº - sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?m4" name="m4"> ªº³B²z´N¯à - ²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C§AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b¥H - ¤UÀɮ׸̨ϥΥ¦¡G - - <verb> - /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf - </verb> - - <p>°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î full sources ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i - ¯à¤w¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´XÓ¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g mount ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ - ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G - - <verb> - cd /usr/src - tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa - </verb> - - <p>§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸UӦ줸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b <tt>cf</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº - <tt>README</tt> ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò¥»¤¶²Ð¡C - - <p>¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«Øij§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î <em>mailertable</em> ¯SÂI¡C - «Øºc¤@Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C - - <p>º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº <tt>.mc</tt> ÀÉ¡C - <tt>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨ÇÀɮתº®a¡C - ¬d¬Ý¤@¤U¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´XÓ½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s - <tt>foo.mc</tt>¡A§An°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@Ó¦³®Äªº - <tt>sendmail.cf</tt> ¡G - - <verb> - cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf - make foo.cf - cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf - </verb> - - <p>¤@Ө嫬ªº <tt>.mc</tt> Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G - - <verb> - include(`../m4/cf.m4') - VERSIONID(`Your version number') - OSTYPE(bsd4.4) - - FEATURE(nodns) - FEATURE(nocanonify) - FEATURE(mailertable) - - define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) - define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) - - MAILER(local) - MAILER(smtp) - MAILER(uucp) - - Cw your.alias.host.name - Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP - </verb> - - <p> <em>nodns</em> ©M <em>nocanonify</em> ¯S©Ê±NÁקK¥ô¦ó¦b»¼°e¶l¥ó - ®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡C<em>UUCP_RELAY</em> ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A - ´N¤£n°Ý¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@Óºô»Úºô¸ô¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì - ¦ì§}ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ýn¦b³o¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB - (mail replay)¡C - - <p>§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁÙ»Ýn³oÓ¥s <tt>/etc/mailertable</tt> ªº - ÀɮסC¤@Ө嫬ªº½d¨Ò¦p¤U¡G - - <verb> - # - # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable - # - horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus - .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus - interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus - .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 - horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus - if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus - . uucp-dom:sax - </verb> - - <p>¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬YÓ¯u¹êÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡Cº¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó - ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N - ªº¯S®í±¡§Î¡A³o¬O¬°¤F``ÁYµu''»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì¥»¦a¤A¤Ó - ºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥óÅý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP ¨Ó»¼°e¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì - .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A¤¹³\¤@Ó``uucp-neighbor!recipient''±À½¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@ - Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í§A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªº - UUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b <tt>uucp-dom:</tt> ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O - ¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î <tt>uuname</tt> ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C - - <p>´£¿ô§A³oÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b - mailertable ³Ì¤W±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³oÓ¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A - ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ýn°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡C - - <p>³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â <tt>-bt</tt> - ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b <em>address test mode</em> - ¡F¥un«ö¤U ``0''¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï - ¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§} - ¡CnÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C - - <verb> - j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt - ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) - Enter <ruleset> <address> - > 0 foo@interface-business.de - rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de - ... - rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ - < @ interface-business . de > - > ^D - j@uriah 192% - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading> - ·í§Ú¥Î¼·±µ³s¤Wºô¸ô®É¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w«H¥ó»¼°e¡H<label id="ispmail"> - </heading> - - <p>¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ýn½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©wÈ¡C³]¦n - §An«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C - - <p>¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ <bf/ppp/ ³s±µ¨ìºô - »Úºô¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº - ISP ºô°ì¬O <tt/myISP.com/¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¬O <tt/user/¡C¥ç°² - ³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O <tt/bsd.home/ ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î - <tt/relay.myISP.com/ ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C - - <p>¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ýn¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C - <bf/Fetchmail/ ¬O¤@Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¦]¬°¥¦¤ä´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±` - §Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô - ¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥un¦b <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> ¸Ì± - ³]©w¥H¤U³o¶µ¡G - - <verb> - MYADDR: - !bg su user -c fetchmail - </verb> - - <p>°²¨Ï§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î <tt>sendmail</tt>(¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü)¶Ç°e«H¥ó¨ì«D¥»¦a±b¸¹ - ¡A¸m¤J¥H¤U©R¥O¡G - - <verb> - !bg su user -c "sendmail -q" - </verb> - - ¦b¤W±¨º¶µ©R¥O¤§«á¡C³o·|±j¢ sendmail ¦b³s±µ¤Wºô¸ô«á°¨¤W¶}©l³B - ²z mailqueue¡C - - <p>§Ú°²³]§A¦b <tt/bsd.home/ ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@Ó <tt/user/ ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b - <tt/bsd.home/ ¾÷¾¹¤W <tt/user/ ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@Ó <tt/.fetchmailrc/ - ªºÀɮסG - - <verb> - poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret; - </verb> - - <p>µL¶·Âب¥¡A³oÓÀÉ°£¤F <tt/user/ ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t - ¤F <tt/MySecret/ ³oÓ±K½X¡C - - <p>¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY <bf/from:/ ¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D sendmail ¨Ï¥Î - <tt/user@myISP.com/ ¦Ó«D <tt/user@bsd.home/¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D - sendmail ±q <tt/relay.myISP.com/ °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C - - <p>¥H¤Uªº <tt/.mc/ ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªºn¨D¡G - - <verb> - VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0') - OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl - FEATURE(nouucp)dnl - MAILER(local)dnl - MAILER(smtp)dnl - Cwlocalhost - Cwbsd.home - MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl - FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl - FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl - FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl - FEATURE(nodns)dnl - define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com') - Dmbsd.home - define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl - define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl - </verb> - - <p>¦p¦óÂà´«³oÓ <tt/.mc/ Àɮרì <tt/sendmail.cf/ Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`½Ð - °Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s sendmail.cf ¥H«á¤£n§Ñ°O«·s±Ò°Ê - sendmail¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>«x¡I§Ú§Ñ°O root ªº±K½X¤F¡I</heading> - - <p>¤£nÅå·W¡I¥un«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b boot: ´£¥Ü¸¹¥´ -s ¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C - ¦b°Ýn¨Ï¥ÎþÓ shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@Ó # ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J - <tt>mount -u /</tt> ¥H«·s¬[³]§Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ - <tt/passwd root/ ¥H§ó´« root ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ <tt/exit/ Ä~Äò±Ò°Ê¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò«O¯dÅý Control-Alt-Delete ¤£¯à«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡H - </heading> - - <p>קï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A¨Ã¥B§â©Ò¦³ <tt/boot/ ªºÃöÁä¦r¥Î - <tt/nop/ ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b - <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</tt>¡C§A¥i¯à»Ýn©ú¥Õªº - §h©J <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ¥hŪ¨ú³oÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·í - µM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A§AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@Ó¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â DOS ¤å¦rÀɮ׫·s®æ¦¡¤Æ¦¨ UNIX ªº¡H</heading> - - <p>²³æ¦a¨Ï¥Î³oÓ perl ©R¥O¡G - -<verb> -perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ... -</verb> - - <p>file ´N¬On³B²zªºÀɮסC³oÓקï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡Aì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨ - °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î¦WºÙ¬å±¼ process¡H</heading> - - <p>¨Ï¥Î <url url="/cgi/man.cgi?killall" name="killall(1)">. - - <sect1> - <heading>¬°¦ó¦b root ªº ACL ®É su ¦n¹³¦³°ÝÃD¡H - </heading> - - <p>³oÓ¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³oÓ°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY«¦ý¬O¥O¤H - ¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤UÓ°ÝÃD©Ò´yzªº²¾°£ - Kerberos¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò²¾°£ Kerberos¡H</heading> - - <p>n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»ªº bin - distribution¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H mount cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom)¨Ã°õ - ¦æ¡G - -<verb> -cd /cdrom/bin -./install.sh -</verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¼W¥[¨t²ÎªºµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡H</heading> - - <p>¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹µêÀÀ - ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G - - <enum> - <item>«Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@Ó·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¨Ã¥B¥[¤J³o¦æ¨ì³]©wÀÉ¡G - - <verb> - pseudo-device pty 256 - </verb> - - <item>°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡G - - <verb> - # cd /dev - # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} - </verb> - - <p>·|³y¥X 256 ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C - - <item>½s¿è <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256 Ӳ׺ݾ÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦ÌÀ³ - ¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥¦Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G - - <verb> - ttyqc none network - </verb> - - <p>¦r¥À³]pªº¶¶§Ç¬O <tt>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</tt>¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C - - <item>¥Î·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡«·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C - </enum> - - - </sect> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 478dbe1378..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,138 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: applications.sgml,v 1.3 1999-02-18 18:37:35 vanilla Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> -<!-- English Version: 1.19 --> - - <sect> - <heading>User Applications<label id="applications"></heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>¶â. §Ún¦bþ§ä¨ì§Únªºµ{¦¡£°?</heading> - - <p>½Ð¬Ý¬Ý <url url="../ports/" name="the ports page"> §a. - ³oÃ䦳¥÷¤w¸g port ¨ì FreeBSD ªº³nÅé¦Cªí. ¥Ø«e¦³¶W¹L 1800 Ó³nÅé¤w¸g³Q - port ¨ì FreeBSD ¤W, ¨Ã¥B¨C¤Ñ³£¦b¼W¥[¤¤. ©Ò¥H¦³ªÅ´N¦h¬Ý¬Ý³o¥÷¦Cªí, - ¤£µM§A¤]¥i¥Hq¾\ <tt/freebsd-announce/ - <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> ³o¥÷ mailing list, ·|¦³¤H±N - ¨CÓ¬P´Á³Ì·sªº³nÅé¦Cªí¶K¦b¤W±. - - <p>¤j³¡¥÷ªº ports À³¸Ó³£¥i¥H¦b 2.2, 3.0 ¸ò 4.0 ªº¨t²Î¤W¨Ï¥Î, - ¨Ã¥BÁÙ¦³³¡¥÷ªº ports ¥i¥H¦b 2.1.x ªº¨t²Î¤W¹B§@. - ¨C¦¸·í FreeBSD release ®É, ³£·|¦³¤@¥÷ ports tree ³Q©ñ¦b³o¤@Ó - release cd ¸Ì±ªº <tt>ports/</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì. - - <p>We also support the concept of a ``package'', essentially no - more than a gzipped binary distribution with a little extra - intelligence embedded in it for doing whatever custom installation - work is required. A package can be installed and uninstalled - again easily without having to know the gory details of which - files it includes. - - <p>Use the package installation menu in <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> - (under the post-configuration menu item) or invoke the - <em>pkg_add(1)</em> command on the specific package files you're - interested in installing. Package files can usually be identified by - their <em>.tgz</em> suffix and CDROM distribution people will have - a <tt>packages/All</tt> directory on their CD which contains such - files. They can also be downloaded over the net for various versions - of FreeBSD at the following locations: - - <descrip> - <tag>for 2.2.8-release/2.2.8-stable</tag> - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-2.2.8/" - name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-2.2.8/"> - - <tag>for 4.0-current</tag> - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-3.0/" - name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-3.0/"> - </descrip> - - <p>or your nearest local mirror site. - - <p>Note that all ports may not be available as packages since - new ones are constantly being added. It is always a good - idea to check back periodically to see which packages are available - at the <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" - name="ftp.freebsd.org"> master site. - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦bþÃä§ä¨ì libc.so.3.0?</heading> - - <p>§A¥i¯à¦b¤@¥x 2.1.x ªº¾÷¾¹¤W, ¶]µÛµ¹ 2.2/3.x/4.0 ªº³nÅé. - ½Ð¦A©¹¤W±¤@Ó³¹¸`¬Ý, ¥¿½Tªº¨ú±oµ¹§A¾÷¾¹¥Îªº port/package. - - <sect1> - <heading> - ghostscript ¦b§Úªº 386/486SX ¤W¦³ÂI°ÝÃD£°.<label id="emul"> - </heading> - - <p>§A¨S¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâ¾¹, ¹ï§a?. - §A¥²¶·¦b§Aªº kernel ¤¤¥[¤J¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹, §A¥i¥H¸òµÛ¤U±ªº¨BÆJ°µ, - ¨Ã¦b§ó§ï¹L§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀÉ«á, «·s½sĶ¹L¤@¦¸. - - <verb> - options GPL_MATH_EMULATE - </verb> - - <p><bf/NOTE/ ·í§A¥[¤J¤W¤@¦æªº¦P®É, §A¥²¶·±N <tt/MATH_EMULATE/ - ²¾°£±¼. - - <sect1> - <heading> - ·í§Ú°õ¦æ SCO/iBCS2 ªºµ{¦¡®É, ¥¦±¾¦b <tt/socksys/. - </heading> - - <p>§A¥²¶·¥ýקï <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> - (or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" - name="/etc/rc.conf">) ³oÀɮ׳̫á¤@Ó³¹¸`, ±N¤U±©ÒÁ¿¨ìªºÅÜ¼Æ - ³]¦¨ <tt/YES/: - - <verb> - # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup - ibcs2=NO - </verb> - - <p>³o·|¦b¶}¾÷®É±N <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ibcs2" name="ibcs2"> - ³o¤@Ó kernel ¼Ò²Õ¸ü¤J. - - <p>§AÁÙn±N§Aªº /compat/ibcs2/dev §ï¦¨¤U±³o¼Ë: - - <verb> -lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null -lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys --rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null -lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null -crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx - </verb> - - <p>§A¥u»Ýn±N socksys Âà¦V¨ì <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?null(4)" name="/dev/null"> - ¥hÄF¹L open & close. ¦b -current ¸Ì±ªº ibcs2 ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½X±N·|³B - ²z³o¨ÇªF¦è. This is muck cleaner than the way it was done before. - °²¦p§A·Qn¨Ï¥Î <tt/spx/ ¤è±ªºµ{¦¡, ¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɸ̱¥[¤W - <tt/SPX_HACK/ . - - <sect1> - <heading> - §Ún¦p¦ó¦b§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤W³]©w INN (Internet News)? - </heading> - - <p>¦b§A¨Ï¥Î package ©ÎªÌ¬O port ¦w¸Ë§¹ inn ¤§«á, - <url url="http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/INN.html" - name="Dave Barr's INN Page"> ¬OÓ«D±`¦nªº¶}©l, §A¥i¥H¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì - INN ªº FAQ. - - </sect1> - <sect1> - - <heading>§Ú¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¨ºÓª©¥»ªº Microsoft FrontPage? - </heading> - - <p>¨Ï¥Î Port §a! ¦b ports tree ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤@Ó¥]§t FrontPage ªº Apache ª©¥»¤F. - </p> - - </sect1> - - </sect> - diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index e375b70c4f..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: commercial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> -<!-- English version: 1.3 --> - - <sect> - <heading>°Ó·~³nÅé<label id="commercial"></heading> - - <p><bf/NOTE/ This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of - course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no - financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply - lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest - in FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term - viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their - entries here for inclusion. See - <url url="../commercial/commercial.html" name="the Vendors page"> - for a longer list. - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦bþÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif?</heading> - - <p>Ápµ¸ <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , ¥LÌ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@Óµ¹ FreeBSD - ¥Îªº Motif 2.0 ®M¥ó. - - <p>¦b³o®M¥ó¤¤¥]¬A¤F: - <itemize> - <item>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm. - - <item>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake - files. - - <item>Static and dynamic libraries. - - <item>Demonstration applets. - - <item>Preformatted man pages. - </itemize> - - <p>¦b§A¸ò¥LÌqÁÊ Motif ®É, ½Ð¤@©wµù©ú§Anªº¬O FreeBSD ªºª©¥»! - ¦]¬° <em>Xi Graphics</em> ¤]¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F BSDI ¸ò Linux ª©¥»ªº Motif. - ¥Ø«eµo¦æªºª©¥»¬O©ñ¦b¥|¶ôºÏ¤ù¤¤, ±N¨Ó¥LÌ·|±N©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è³£©ñ¨ì¥úºÐ¸Ì, - ´N¹³¥LÌ©Òµo¦æªº CDE ¤@¼Ë. - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦bþÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº CDE?</heading> - - <p>Ápµ¸ <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , ¥LÌ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@Óµ¹ FreeBSD - ¥Îªº CDE 1.0.10 ®M¥ó, ¸Ì±¥]¬A¤F Motif 1.2.5, ¨Ã¥B¥L̪º CDE ¤]¥i¥H¦b - Motif 2.0 ¤U«Ü¥¿±`ªº°õ¦æ. - - <p>CDE ¬O¥Î¥úºÐªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ, FreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¤@¼Ë. - - <sect1> - <heading> - ¨ºÃ䦳n¿ú, ¦ý¬O°ª®Ä²vªº X servers?<label id="xig"> - </heading> - - <p>¦p§A©ÒÄ@, <url url="http://www.xig.com" name="Xi Graphics"> - ´£¨Ñ¤F Accelerated-X µ¹ FreeBSD ¸ò¨ä¥L Intel based ªº¨t²Î. - - <p>³oÓ°ª®Ä²vªº X Server ¦³«D±`²³æªº³]©w¤è¦¡, ¨Ã¥B¤ä´©¤F¥Ø«e¥«±¤W - ·í¬õªº¦U¤j¼tµPªºÅã¥Ü¥d, ³Ì«nªº¬O, ¥¦¥uµ¹§A Binary. - ¥¦¬O¥ÎºÏ¤ùªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ, FreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¤@¼Ë. - - <p>§A¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ªºì¼t¥|¤ù¥úºÐ¤¤§ä¨ì³oÓ°ª®Ä²v X Server ªº demo ª©, - ·íµM§A¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ¦bºô¸ô¤W§ä¨ì. <!-- ³o¬q§Ú¦³¥[ªF¦è --> - - <p>Xi Graphics ¤]¦³¦b½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif ¸ò CDE (©¹¤W±¬Ý¬Ý). - - <descrip> - <tag/§ó¦hªº¸ê°T/ - <url url="http://www.xig.com/" name="Xi Graphics WWW page"> - - <tag/©Î/ <url url="mailto:sales@xig.com" name="Sales"> or - <url url="mailto:support@xig.com" name="Support"> email addresses. - - <tag/©Î/ phone (800) 946 7433 or +1 303 298-7478. - </descrip> - - <sect1> - <heading>¦b FreeBSD ¤W¦³¥ô¦óªº¸ê®Æ®w¶Ü?</heading> - - <p>¦³! Conetic Software Systems ¤w¸g±N¥L̪º C/base ¸ò C/books - ports ¨ì FreeBSD 2.0.5(©Î§ó°ªª©¦¸)¤W, ¦Ó Sleepycat Software ¤]¦b½æ - ¤@®M¦³°Ó·~¤ä´©ªº¸ê®Æ®w¨ç¦¡®w. - - <descrip> - <tag/For more information/ - <url url="http://www.conetic.com/" name="Conetic Software Systems"> - - <tag/or mail/ - <url url="mailto:info@conetic.com" name="Information E-mail address">, - - <tag/and/ - <url url="http://www.sleepycat.com/" name = "Sleepycat Software">. - </descrip> - - </sect> - diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 7a5071a57b..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,492 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: hackers.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by --> -<!-- English Version: 1.11 --> - - <sect> - <heading>For serious FreeBSD hackers only<label id="hackers"></heading> - - <sect1> - <heading> - What are SNAPs and RELEASEs? - </heading> - - <p>There are currently three active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD - <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi" name="CVS Repository">: - - <itemize> - <item><bf/RELENG_2_2/ AKA <bf/2.2-stable/ AKA <bf/"2.2 branch"/ - <item><bf/RELENG_3/ AKA <bf/3.x-stable/ AKA <bf/"3.0 branch"/ - <item><bf/HEAD/ AKA <bf/-current/ AKA <bf/4.0-current/ - </itemize> - - <p><bf/HEAD/ is not an actual branch tag, like the other two, it's - simply a symbolic constant for - <em/"the current, non-branched development stream"/ which we simply - refer to as <bf/-current/. - - <p>Right now, <bf/-current/ is the 4.0 development stream and the - <bf/3.0-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_3/, forked off from - <bf/-current/ in Jan 1999. - - <p>The <bf/2.2-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_2/, departed -current in - November 1996. - - <p>The <bf/2.1-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_1_0/, departed -current in - September of 1994. This branch has been fully retired. - - <sect1> - <heading> - How do I make my own custom release?<label id="custrel"> - </heading> - - <p>To make a release you need to do three things: First, you need to - be running a kernel with the <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?vn" name="vn"> driver configured - in. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: - - <verb> - pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) - </verb> - - <p>Second, you have to have the whole CVS repository at hand. - To get this you can use <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="CVSUP"> - but in your supfile set the release name to cvs and remove any tag or - date fields: - - <verb> - *default prefix=/home/ncvs - *default base=/a - *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org - *default release=cvs - *default delete compress use-rel-suffix - - ## Main Source Tree - src-all - src-eBones - src-secure - - # Other stuff - ports-all - www - doc-all - </verb> - - <p>Then run <tt/cvsup -g supfile/ to suck all the good bits onto your - box... - - <p>Finally, you need a chunk of empty space to build into. Let's - say it's in <tt>/some/big/filesystem</tt>, and from the example - above you've got the CVS repository in <tt>/home/ncvs</tt>: - - <verb> - setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs - cd /usr/src/release - make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release - </verb> - - <p>An entire release will be built in - <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release</tt> and you will have a full FTP-type - installation in <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp</tt> when you're - done. If you want to build your SNAP along some other branch than - -current, you can also add <tt/RELEASETAG=SOMETAG/ to - the make release command line above, e.g. <tt/RELEASETAG=RELENG_2_2/ - would build an up-to-the- minute 2.2-STABLE snapshot. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I create customized installation disks?</heading> - - <p>The entire process of creating installation disks and source and - binary archives is automated by various targets in - <tt>/usr/src/release/Makefile</tt>. The information there should - be enough to get you started. However, it should be said that this - involves doing a ``make world'' and will therefore take up a lot of - time and disk space. - - <sect1> - <heading>``make world'' clobbers my existing installed binaries.</heading> - - <p>Yes, this is the general idea; as its name might suggest, - ``make world'' rebuilds every system binary from scratch, so you can be - certain of having a clean and consistent environment at the end (which - is why it takes so long). - - <p>If the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ is defined while running - ``<tt/make world/'' or ``<tt/make install/'', the newly-created - binaries will be deposited in a directory tree identical to the - installed one, rooted at <tt>${DESTDIR}</tt>. - Some random combination of shared libraries modifications and - program rebuilds can cause this to fail in ``<tt/make world/'', - however. - - <sect1> - <heading> - When my system boots, it says ``(bus speed defaulted)''. - </heading> - - <p>The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure - their bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the - 1542 driver tried to determine the fastest usable speed and set - the adapter to that. We found that this breaks some users' - systems, so you now have to define the ``<tt/TUNE_1542/'' kernel - configuration option in order to have this take place. Using it - on those systems where it works may make your disks run faster, - but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could be - corrupted. - - <sect1> - <heading> - Can I follow current with limited Internet access?<label id="ctm"> - </heading> - - <p>Yes, you can do this <tt /without/ downloading the whole source tree - by using the <url url="../handbook/ctm.html" name="CTM facility."> - - <sect1> - <heading>How did you split the distribution into 240k files?</heading> - - <p>Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that - allows them to split files on arbitrary byte boundaries. - - <p>Here is an example from <tt>/usr/src/Makefile</tt>. - - <verb> - bin-tarball: - (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ - tar cf - . \ - gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ - split -b 240640 - \ - ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>I've written a kernel extension, who do I send it to?</heading> - - <p>Please take a look at <url url="../handbook/contrib.html" - name="The Handbook entry on how to submit code."> - - <p>And thanks for the thought! - - <sect1> - <heading>How are Plug N Play ISA cards detected and initialized?</heading> - - <p>By: <url url="mailto:uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org" - name="Frank Durda IV"> - - <p>In a nutshell, there a few I/O ports that all of the PnP boards - respond to when the host asks if anyone is out there. So when - the PnP probe routine starts, he asks if there are any PnP boards - present, and all the PnP boards respond with their model # to - a I/O read of the same port, so the probe routine gets a wired-OR - ``yes'' to that question. At least one bit will be on in that - reply. Then the probe code is able to cause boards with board - model IDs (assigned by Microsoft/Intel) lower than X to go - ``off-line''. It then looks to see if any boards are still - responding to the query. If the answer was ``<tt/0/'', then - there are no boards with IDs above X. Now probe asks if there - are any boards below ``X''. If so, probe knows there are boards - with a model numbers below X. Probe then asks for boards greater - than X-(limit/4) to go off-line. If repeats the query. By - repeating this semi-binary search of IDs-in-range enough times, - the probing code will eventually identify all PnP boards present - in a given machine with a number of iterations that is much lower - than what 2^64 would take. - - <p>The IDs are two 32-bit fields (hence 2ˆ64) + 8 bit checksum. - The first 32 bits are a vendor identifier. They never come out - and say it, but it appears to be assumed that different types of - boards from the same vendor could have different 32-bit vendor - ids. The idea of needing 32 bits just for unique manufacturers - is a bit excessive. - - <p>The lower 32 bits are a serial #, ethernet address, something - that makes this one board unique. The vendor must never produce - a second board that has the same lower 32 bits unless the upper - 32 bits are also different. So you can have multiple boards of - the same type in the machine and the full 64 bits will still be - unique. - - <p>The 32 bit groups can never be all zero. This allows the - wired-OR to show non-zero bits during the initial binary search. - - <p>Once the system has identified all the board IDs present, it will - reactivate each board, one at a time (via the same I/O ports), - and find out what resources the given board needs, what interrupt - choices are available, etc. A scan is made over all the boards - to collect this information. - - <p>This info is then combined with info from any ECU files on the - hard disk or wired into the MLB BIOS. The ECU and BIOS PnP - support for hardware on the MLB is usually synthetic, and the - peripherals don't really do genuine PnP. However by examining - the BIOS info plus the ECU info, the probe routines can cause the - devices that are PnP to avoid those devices the probe code cannot - relocate. - - <p>Then the PnP devices are visited once more and given their I/O, - DMA, IRQ and Memory-map address assignments. The devices will - then appear at those locations and remain there until the next - reboot, although there is nothing that says you can't move them - around whenever you want. - - <p>There is a lot of oversimplification above, but you should get - the general idea. - - <p>Microsoft took over some of the primary printer status ports to - do PnP, on the logic that no boards decoded those addresses for - the opposing I/O cycles. I found a genuine IBM printer board - that did decode writes of the status port during the early PnP - proposal review period, but MS said ``tough''. So they do a - write to the printer status port for setting addresses, plus that - use that address + <tt/0x800/, and a third I/O port for reading - that can be located anywhere between <tt/0x200/ and <tt/0x3ff/. - - <sect1> - <heading>Does FreeBSD support architectures other than the x86?</heading> - - <p>Several groups of people have expressed interest in working on - multi-architecture ports for FreeBSD and the FreeBSD/AXP (ALPHA) - port is one such effort which has been quite successful, now - available in 3.0 SNAPshot release form at <url - url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha/" - name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha">. The ALPHA - port currently runs on a growing number of ALPHA machine - types, among them the AlphaStation, AXPpci, PC164, Miata and Multia - models. This port is not yet considered a full release and won't be - until a full compliment of system installation tools and a distribution - on CDROM installation media is available, including a reasonable - number of working ports and packages. - FreeBSD/AXP should be considered BETA quality software at this - time. For status information, please join the - <tt><freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.ORG></tt><ref id="mailing" - name="mailing list">. - - Interest has also been expressed in a port of FreeBSD to - the SPARC architecture, join the <tt><freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.ORG> - </tt><ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> if you are interested - in joining that project. For general discussion on new architectures, - join the <tt><freebsd-platforms@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> - <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list">. - - <sect1> - <heading>I need a major number for a device driver I've written.</heading> - - <p>This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver - publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the - driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to - <tt>files.i386</tt>, a sample configuration file entry, and the - appropriate <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV" - name="MAKEDEV"> code to create any special files your device uses. If - you do not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then - character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been reserved - specifically for this purpose; please use them. In any case, we'd - appreciate hearing about your driver on - <tt><freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG></tt>. - - - <sect1> - <heading>Alternative layout policies for directories</heading> - - <p> - In answer to the question of alternative layout policies for - directories, the scheme that is currently in use is unchanged - from what I wrote in 1983. I wrote that policy for the original - fast filesystem, and never revisited it. It works well at keeping - cylinder groups from filling up. As several of you have noted, - it works poorly for find. Most filesystems are created from - archives that were created by a depth first search (aka ftw). - These directories end up being striped across the cylinder groups - thus creating a worst possible senario for future depth first - searches. If one knew the total number of directories to be - created, the solution would be to create (total / fs_ncg) per - cylinder group before moving on. Obviously, one would have to - create some heuristic to guess at this number. Even using a - small fixed number like say 10 would make an order of magnitude - improvement. To differentiate restores from normal operation - (when the current algorithm is probably more sensible), you - could use the clustering of up to 10 if they were all done - within a ten second window. Anyway, my conclusion is that this - is an area ripe for experimentation.</p> - - <p>Kirk McKusick, September 1998</p> - - <sect1> - <heading>Making the most of a kernel panic</heading> - - <p> - <em>[This section was extracted from a mail written by <url - url="mailto:wpaul@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Bill Paul"> on the - freebsd-current <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> by <url - url="mailto:des@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Dag-Erling Coïdan - Smørgrav">, who fixed a few typos and added the bracketed - comments]</em> - - <p> - <verb> -From: Bill Paul <wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu> -Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops -To: ben@rosengart.com -Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT) -Cc: current@FreeBSD.ORG - </verb> - - <p> - <em>[<ben@rosengart.com> posted the following panic - message]</em> - <verb> -> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode -> fault virtual address = 0x40 -> fault code = supervisor read, page not present -> instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5 - ^^^^^^^^^^ -> stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24 -> frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28 -> code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b -> = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1 -> processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0 -> current process = 80 (mount) -> interrupt mask = -> trap number = 12 -> panic: page fault - </verb> - - <p> [When] you see a message like this, it's not enough to just - reproduce it and send it in. The instruction pointer value that - I highlighted up there is important; unfortunately, it's also - configuration dependent. In other words, the value varies - depending on the exact kernel image that you're using. If you're - using a GENERIC kernel image from one of the snapshots, then - it's possible for somebody else to track down the offending - function, but if you're running a custom kernel then only - <em/you/ can tell us where the fault occured. - - <p> What you should do is this: - - <itemize> - <item>Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the - <tt/0x8:/ part at the begining is not significant in this case: - it's the <tt/0xf0xxxxxx/ part that we want. - <item>When the system reboots, do the following: - <verb> -% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx - </verb> - where <tt/f0xxxxxx/ is the instruction pointer value. The - odds are you will not get an exact match since the symbols - in the kernel symbol table are for the entry points of - functions and the instruction pointer address will be - somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you don't - get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction - pointer value and try again, i.e.: - <verb> -% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx - </verb> - If that doesn't yield any results, chop off another digit. - Repeat until you get some sort of output. The result will be - a possible list of functions which caused the panic. This is - a less than exact mechanism for tracking down the point of - failure, but it's better than nothing. - </itemize> - - <p> I see people constantly show panic messages like this but - rarely do I see someone take the time to match up the - instruction pointer with a function in the kernel symbol table. - - <p> The best way to track down the cause of a panic is by - capturing a crash dump, then using <tt/gdb(1)/ to to a stack - trace on the crash dump. Of course, this depends on <tt/gdb(1)/ - in -current working correctly, which I can't guarantee (I recall - somebody saying that the new ELF-ized <tt/gdb(1)/ didn't handle - kernel crash dumps correctly: somebody should check this before - 3.0 goes out of beta or there'll be a lot of red faces after the - CDs ship). - - <p> - In any case, the method I normally use is this: - - <itemize> - <item>Set up a kernel config file, optionally adding 'options DDB' if you - think you need the kernel debugger for something. (I use this mainly - for setting beakpoints if I suspect an infinite loop condition of - some kind.) - <item>Use <tt/config -g KERNELCONFIG/ to set up the build directory. - <item><tt>cd /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG; make</tt> - <item>Wait for kernel to finish compiling. - <item><tt/cp kernel kernel.debug/ - <item><tt/strip -d kernel/ - <item><tt/mv /kernel /kernel.orig/ - <item><tt>cp kernel /</tt> - <item>reboot - </itemize> - - <p> <em>[Note: Now that FreeBSD 3.x kernels are Elf by default, - you should use <tt/strip -g/ instead of <tt/strip -d/. If for some - reason your kernel is still a.out, use <tt/strip -aout -d/.]</em> - - <p> Note that YOU DO <em/NOT/ WANT TO ACTUALLY BOOT THE KERNEL - WITH ALL THE DEBUG SYMBOLS IN IT. A kernel compiled with <tt/-g/ - can easily be close to 10MB in size. You don't have to actually - boot this massive image: you only need it later for <tt/gdb(1)/ - (<tt/gdb(1)/ wants the symbol table). Instead, you want to keep - a copy of the full image and create a second image with the - debug symbols stripped out using <tt/strip -d/. It is this - second stripped image that you want to boot. - - <p> To make sure you capture a crash dump, you need edit - <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> and set <tt/dumpdev/ to point to your swap - partition. This will cause the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts to use the - <tt/dumpon(8)/ command to enable crash dumps. You can also run - <tt/dumpon(8)/ manually. After a panic, the crash dump can be - recovered using <tt/savecore(8)/; if <tt/dumpdev/ is set in - <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>, the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts will run - <tt/savecore(8)/ automatically and put the crash dump in - <tt>/var/crash</tt>. - - <p> NOTE: FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as the - physical RAM size of your machine. That is, if you have 64MB of - RAM, you will get a 64MB crash dump. Therefore you must make sure - there's enough space in <tt>/var/crash</tt> to hold the dump. - Alternatively, you run <tt/savecore(8)/ manually and have it - recover the crash dump to another directory where you have more - room. It's possible to limit the size of the crash dump by using - <tt/options MAXMEM=(foo)/ to set the amount of memory the kernel - will use to something a little more sensible. For example, if - you have 128MB of RAM, you can limit the kernel's memory usage - to 16MB so that your crash dump size will be 16MB instead of - 128MB. - - <p> Once you have recovered the crash dump, you can get a stack - trace with <tt/gdb(1)/ as follows: - - <p> - <verb> -% gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0 -(gdb) where - </verb> - - <p> Note that there may be several screens worth of information; - ideally you should use <tt/script(1)/ to capture all of them. - Using the unstripped kernel image with all the debug symbols - should show the exact line of kernel source code where the panic - occured. Usually you have to read the stack trace from the - bottom up in order to trace the exact sequence of events that - lead to the crash. You can also use <tt/gdb(1)/ to print out the - contents of various variables or structures in order to examine - the system state at the time of the crash. - - <p> Now, if you're really insane and have a second computer, you - can also configure <tt/gdb(1)/ to do remote debugging such that - you can use <tt/gdb(1)/ on one system to debug the kernel on - another system, including setting breakpoints, single-stepping - through the kernel code, just like you can do with a normal - user-mode program. I haven't played with this yet as I don't - often have the chance to set up two machines side by side for - debugging purposes. - - <p> <em>[Bill adds: "I forgot to mention one thing: if you have - DDB enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, you can - force a panic (and a crash dump) just by typing 'panic' at the - ddb prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during the panic - phase. If it does, type 'continue' and it will finish the crash - dump." -ed]</em> - - </sect> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 9e815628db..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,353 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: hardware.sgml,v 1.3 1999-02-18 18:52:40 vanilla Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by gsl@tpts4.seed.net.tw --> -<!-- English Version: 1.15 --> - - <sect> - <heading>µwÅ骺¬Û®e©Ê<label id="hardware"></heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´©þ¨ÇµwºÐªº¤¶±¡H</heading> - - <p>FreeBSD ¤ä´© EIDE ¤Î SCSI ¶gÃä (¦³µÛ¬Û®eªº controller¡F - ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤U¤@¬q)¡A¥H¤Î¨Ï¥Î¡uWestern Digital¡v¤¶±ªº¶gÃä (MEM¡B - ¡BRLL¡BESDI¡A·íµM¡AIDE ¤]¦b¥]¬A¤º)¡C¦ý¤Ö¼Æ¨Ï¥Î±M¦³ªº ESDI - ªº¤¶±µLªk¹B§@¡G¹³¬O WD1002/3/6/7 ¤¶±µ¥µ¥¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>þ¤@¨Ç SCSI ¥d¦³³Q¤ä´©¡H</heading> - - <p>¦b <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:hw.html" name="Handbook"> ¸Ì¦³§¹¾ãªº¸ê®Æ¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>þ¤@¨Ç CD-ROM ³Q FreeBSD ©Ò¤ä´©¡H</heading> - - <p>º¥ý¡A¥ô¦ó±µ¦b SCSI ¤¶±¤Wªº CDROM ³£¦³³Q FreeBSD ©Ò¤ä´©¡C - - <p>¨ä¦¸¡A¤U±©Ò¦Cªº CD-ROM ¤]³£¦³³Q¤ä´©¡G - - <itemize> - <item>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) ¤Î FX001D (16bit ¨â¿³t)¡C<newline> - <item>Sony CDU 31/33A<newline> - <item>±µ¦b Sound Blaster ¤W«D SCSI ¤¶±ªº CD-ROM<newline> - <item>Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM<newline> - <item>¬Û®e©ó ATAPI IDE ¤¶±ªº CD-ROM<newline> - </itemize> - - <p>¤w¸gª¾¹D«D SCSI ªº¶gÃä³]³Æ·|¤ñ SCSI ªººC«Ü¦h¡A¥t¥~¡A¦³¤@¨Ç ATAPI - CDROM (³o¤]´N¬O»¡«D SCSI ªº CDROM) ¥i¯àµLªk¹B§@¡C - - <p>¹ï¤F¡A2.2 ª©ªº FreeBSD CDROM (¥Ñ Walnut Creek ¾ã²zªº) ¤ä´©¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© ZIP ¶Ü¡H</heading> - - <p>FreeBSD ·íµM¤ä´© SCSI ZIP¡C¦ý¬O ZIP ¥u¯à°÷³Q³]©w¦b SCSI ID 5 ©Î¬O 6 - ¡C¦ý¦pªG SCSI ¥d¤Wªº BIOS ¤ä´©¥¦¡A§A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C§Ṳ́£¾å±oþ¤@ - ¶ô¥d¥i¥HÅý§A§â¥dªº ID ³]¦b°£¤F 0 ©Î 1 ¥H¥~ªº¦a¤è¶}¾÷... ¬Ý¬Ý§Aªº»¡©ú¤â - ¥U (ªG§A¦¨¥\ªº¸Ü¡A¤]½Ð§AÅý§Ú̪¾¹D) - - <p>ATAPI (¤]´N¬O IDE ¤¶±) ZIP ¤w¸g¦b FreeBSD 2.2.6 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»³Q¤ä´©¤F¡C - - <p>FreeBSD 3.0-STABLE ¤]¦³¤ä´© parallel ZIP¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤£¹L§A»Ýn»s§@¤@Ó¥i¥H - 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Åý¥¦Åܦ¨¤º©wªº boot string¡C - <item>§â FreeBSD ºÏºÐ¾÷²¾¨ì primary IDE controller¡A¦]¦¹µwºÐ¾÷¬O - ³sÄòªº¡C - <item><url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="Rebuild your kernel,"> - ק靈Ãö wd ³]©wªº¦æ¼Æ¡G - -<verb> -controller wdc0 at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr -disk wd0 at wdc0 drive 0 -# disk wd1 at wdc0 drive 1 # comment out this line - -controller wdc1 at isa? port "IO_WD2" bio irq 15 vector wdintr -disk wd1 at wdc1 drive 0 # change from wd2 to wd1 -disk wd2 at wdc1 drive 1 # change from wd3 to wd2 -</verb> - - ¦w¸Ë·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¡C - ¦pªG§A²¾°Ê§AªººÏºÐ¾÷¡A¨Ã§Æ±æ§â¥ý«eªº³]©w«ì´_¡A¥un§âºÏºÐ¥Î¹w´Á - ªº³]©w¸m´«¦^¨ÓµM«á«·s¶}¾÷¡C§Aªº¨t²ÎÀ³¸Ó´N¯à¦¨¥\ªº±Ò°Ê¡C - </enum> - - <sect1> - <heading>°O¾ÐÅ骺¨î¬O¤°»ò¡S</heading> - - <p>¹ï°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó»¡¡A(²z½×¤W)¨î¬O 4 gigabytes¡C1 gigabytes ¤w³Q´ú¸Õ - ¹L¡F¤@¯ë§A¤£¥i¯à¶R¨ì¥i¥H¤ä´©¶W¹L³oӼƥتº i386 PC¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>ffs Àɮרt²Îªº¨î¬O¤°»ò¡S</heading> - - <p>¹ï ffs filesystems ¦Ó¨¥¡A³Ì¤j²z½×Ȩî¦b 8 terabytes(2G blocks - )¡A©Î·í¨Ï¥Î¤º©w 8K block ¤j¤p®É¡A¨î¬O 16TB¡CÁÙ¦³¡A³nÅé¨î¬O - 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double indirect blocks(ªñ¦ü©ó(blocksize/4)^2 + (blocksize/4)) - ¡A¥B¦b -current ¤U¶W¹L³oÓ¨î¥i¯à·|¾ÉP°ÝÃD²£¥Í¡C¨Ï¥Î¥¿½Tªº - 2G-1 block ¨îªº½T·|¾ÉP°ÝÃDµo¥Í¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¦b³nºÐ¤W©ñ¤J 1TB ÀɮסH</heading> - - <p>§Ú¦Û¤v´N¦b³nºÐ¤ù¤W©ñ¦n´XÓ :-)¡CÀɮתº³Ì¤j®e¶q¨Æ¹ê¤W¸òºÏºÐ³Ì¤j - ªº®e¶q¨Ã¨S¦³±K¤Á¬ÛÃö¡CºÏºÐªº³Ì¤j®e¶q¬O 1TB¡A³o¬O¤@ÓÀɮפj¤p¥i - ¥H¶W¹LºÏºÐ®e¶qªº¤@Ó¯S¦â¡C - - <p>¥H¤U½d¨Ò·|¦b¤@ӨϥξãÓ 32K ªÅ¶¡³o¼Ë¤pªº root partition ºÏºÐ - ¤W«Ø¥ß¤@Ó¤j¤p¬O 8T-1 ªºÀÉ®×(3 indirect blocks and 1 data block - )¡Cdd «ü¥O»ÝnÅý dd ¯à¦b¤@Ó¤jÀɮפU°õ¦æ¡C - -<verb> -ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> cat foo -df . -dd if=/dev/zero of=z bs=1 seek=`echo 2^43 - 2 | bc` count=1 -ls -l z -du z -df . -ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> sh foo -Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on -/dev/sd0a 64479 27702 31619 47% / -1+0 records in -1+0 records out -1 bytes transferred in 0.000187 secs (5346 bytes/sec) --rw-r--r-- 1 bde bin 8796093022207 Sep 7 16:04 z -32 z -Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on -/dev/sd0a 64479 27734 31587 47% / -ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> exit -</verb> - -<p>Bruce Evans, September 1998 - </sect> - diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 3c8a52d303..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: kernelconfig.sgml,v 1.3 1999-02-16 14:20:18 vanilla Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> -<!-- English Version: 1.2 --> - - <sect> - <heading>®Ö¤ß³]©w<label id="kernelconfig"></heading> - - <sect1> - <heading> - §Ú·Q¦Ûq®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¡A³o·|«Ü§xÃø¶Ü¡H - <label id="make-kernel"> - </heading> - - <p>¤£·|¡I½Ð¬d¾\ <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" - name="kernel config section of the Handbook">. - - <p><bf/ª`·N¡G/§Ú·|«Øij§A¦b§AÅý®Ö¤ß¯à¥¿±`¤u§@«á¡A°µ¤@Ó - <tt/kernel.YYMMDD/¤é´Á§Î¦¡ªº³Æ¥÷¡A³o¼Ë¤U¦¸¦pªG§A«Ü¤£©¯ªºª±Ãa - ¤F³]©w¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥i¥H¤£»Ýn¨Ï¥Î³Ìì©lªº<tt/kernel.GENERIC/¡C°²¦p§A - ¥¿±q¤@Ó¨S¦³¦b GENERIC kernel ¸Ì±¤ä´©ªº±±¨î¾¹¸Ì±Ò°Ê¡A³oÅã±o¯S - §O«n(¨S¿ù¡A³o¬Oµ§ªÌªº¸gÅç)¡C - - <sect1> - <heading> - §Úªº®Ö¤ß¦]¬°<tt/_hw_float/¿ò¥¢¦Ó½sĶ¥¢±Ñ¡C - </heading> - - <p>Åý§Ú²q¬Ý¬Ý¡A§A§â<htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?npx(4)" name="npx0">±q§A - ªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɲ¾°£¤F¡A¦]¬°§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A¹ï¶Ü¡H¿ù¤F¡I:-) ³oÓ - <tt/npx0/¬O<bf/¥²¶·n¦³ªº/¡C´Nºâ§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A§A¤´<bf/¥²¶·/ - ¤Þ¤J<tt/npx0/¸Ë¸m¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>multi-port serial code ªº¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¡C</heading> - - <p><bf/Q./ ·í§Ú½sĶ¤@Ó multi-port serial code ªº®Ö¤ß®É¡A¥¦§i¶D§Ú - ¥u¦³²Ä¤@Ó³Q°»´ú¨ì¡A¨ä¥Lªº«h¦]¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¦Ó¸õ¹L¤F¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò×¥¿¥¦¡H - - <p><bf/A./ ³oÓ°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬° FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤º«Øµ{¦¡½XÁקK¦]¬°µwÅé©Î³nÅé - ½Ä¬ð¾ÉP®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¹L©óªÎ¤j©ÎµL¥Î¡Cn×¥¿³oºØ±¡§Îªº¤èªk¬O°£¤F¤@Ó - port ¥~§â¨ä¥L©Ò¦³ªº IRQ ³]©w³£°µ«O¯d¡C³o¸Ì¦³¤@Ó½d¨Ò¡G - - <verb> - # - # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS - # - device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr - device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò±Ò°Ê QIC-40/80 ªº¤ä´©¡H</heading> - - <p>§A»Ýn¦b generic config Àɤ¤§â¥H¤U³o¦æªºµù¸Ñ¨ú®ø(©Î¬O§â¥¦¥[¨ì§Aªº - ³]©wÀÉ)¡A¦b<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdc(4)" - name="fdc">³o¦æ¥[¤J``<tt/flags 0x1/''µM«á«·s½sĶ®Ö¤ß¡C - - <verb> -controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr -disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 ^^^^^^^^^ -disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 -#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - </verb> - - <p>±µµÛ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b<tt>/dev</tt>°õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥O, «Ø¥ß¤@Ó¥s<tt>/dev/ft0</tt> - ªº¸Ë¸m¡G - - <verb> - sh ./MAKEDEV ft0 - </verb> - - <p>¬Oµ¹²Ä¤@Ӹ˸m¨Ï¥Î¡C¦P²z<tt/ft1/¬O²Ä¤GÓ¡A¥H¦¹Ãþ±À¡C - - <p>§A±N·|¦³Ó¥s<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>ªº¸Ë¸m¡A¥i¥H³z¹L¤@Ó¯S®íªºµ{¦¡¥s - ``<tt/ft/''ªº¨ÓºÞ²z¥¦ - ½Ð¬Ý<htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ft" name="ft"> - ªº man page ¦³§ó¶i¤@¨B»¡©ú¡C - - <p>ª©¥»¤ñ<tt/-current/¦ªº¨t²Î¦b³B²zÃaªººÏ±a´CÅé®É¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A¦pªG§A - ªº<tt/ft/ºÏÀY¦³¤@ª½¦b¦P¤@Ó¦a¤è¨Ó¦^²¾°Êªº°ÝÃD¡A¹Á¸Õ±q<tt/-current/ - 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- <itemize> - <item><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" - name="a.out"> - - <p>³Ì¦©M`¥j¨å'ªº unix ¥ØªºÀɮ榡. ¨Ï¥Î¤@ºØµu¦Óºò±KªºÀÉÀY, - ¦ñÀH¤@Ó³q±`¥Î¨Ó¿ë»{®æ¦¡ªºÅ]³N¼Æ¦r(°Ñ¦Ò - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" - name="a.out(5)"> ¦³§ó¦h²Ó¸`). ¨ã¦³¤TÓ¸`°Ï: .text, .data, ©M .bss - ¥[¤W¤@ӲŸ¹ªí©M¦r¦êªí. - - <item><bf>COFF</bf> - <p>SVR3 ¥ØªºÀɮ榡. 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FreeBSD ³o¤ä¥[¶i¤F¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®w¥H¤Î×¥¿ - ¤F¤@¨Ç¿ù»~. GNU ì¨Ó¼¶¼g³o¨Çµ{¦¡ªº¤H«h«¼g¤F³o¨Çµ{¦¡, ¨Ã¥[¤J¤F - ¹ï©ó¸ó¥¥x½sĶ, ¤£¦P®æ¦¡¼Ò²Õ¤§ÃþªºªF¦è§ó²³æªº¤ä´©. ³\¦h¤H·Qn - °µ¥X¥H FreeBSD ¬°¥Øªº¥¥xªº¸ó¥¥x½sĶ¾¹, ¤£©¯ªº¬O FreeBSD ªº as - ©M ld ¤£¯à°µ³o¶µ¤u§@. ·sªº GNU ¤u¨ã(binutils) ¥[¤J¤F¸ó¥¥x½sĶ¡B - <tt/ELF/¡B¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®w¡BC++ ÂX¥R, µ¥µ¥. ¦¹¥~, ³\¦h¼t°Ó¥H <tt/ELF/ ®æ - ¦¡µo¦æ²£«~, ¦Ó¯à°÷¦b FreeBSD ¤W¶]ªº¸Ü·íµM«Ü¦n. ¦Ó¥B¦pªG¯à¶] <tt/ELF/ - ®æ¦¡ªº°õ¦æÀÉ, ¬°¬Æ»òÁÙn²z <tt/a.out/ ? ¨e¬O¤@¤Ç¤S²Ö¤S¦Ñªº°¨, ¹L - ¥h«D±`¦³¥Î, ¦ý¬O®É«áÅý¨e°h¥ð¤F. - - <p><tt/ELF/ ¤ñ a.out §óÀ³¦³ªí¹F¤O(expressive?)¦Ó¥B¨ã¦³§ó¦hªº - ÂX¥R©Ê. <tt/ELF/ ¤u¨ãºûÅ@ªº¤ñ¸û¦n, ¦Ó¥B´£¨Ñ¸ó¥¥x½sĶªº¤ä´©, - ³o¹ï³\¦h¤H¨Ó»¡¬O«Ü«nªº. <tt/ELF/ ¥i¯à¤ñ a.out ºC¤@ÂI, ¦ý®t²§ - «D±`Ãø´ú¶q¥X¨Ó. ³o¨âªÌ¤§¶¡ÁÙ¦³³\¦h²Ó¸`¤Wªº¤£¦P, ¨Ò¦p¤À¶ªº¹ïÀ³ - ¤è¦¡, ªì©l¤Æµ{¦¡½Xªº§@ªkµ¥µ¥. ³o¨Ç¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü«n, ¦ý´N¬O¤£¦P. ¦b - ¥H«á GENERIC ®Ö¤ß¤£·|¤ä´D <tt/a.out/ , ·í¤£¦b¦³°õ¦æ¶Ç²Î <tt/a.out/ - µ{¦¡ªº»Ýn®É, ·|±q®Ö¤ß²¾°£. - - <sect1> - <heading>¬°¬Æ»ò chmod ¤£·|§ïÅܲŸ¹³sµ²(symlink)ªº¦s¨úÅv?</heading> - - <p>§A¥²¶·§â ``<tt/-H/'' ©Î¬O ``<tt/-L/'' »P ``<tt/-R/'' ¿ï¶µ¤@°_¨Ï¥Î. - °Ñ¦Ò<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" - name="chmod"> - ¤Î<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?symlink" - name="symlink"> man pages ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¸ê°T. - - <p><bf/ĵ§i/ ``<tt/-R/'' ¿ï¶µ·|Åý <tt/chmod/ °µ<bf/»¼°j/. «ü©w¥Ø¿ý - ©Î¬O³sµ²¨ì¥Ø¿ýªº symlink ®Én¤p¤ß. ¦pªG§An§ïÅܤ@ӲŸ¹³sµ²°Ñ¦Ò¨ì - ªº¥Ø¿ýªº¦s¨úÅv, ¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> ¥B¤£n - ¥[¥ô¦ó¿ï¶µ, ¨Ã¥B¦b symlink ªºµ²§À¥[¤W±×½u(``<tt>/</tt>''). Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡ - , ¦pªG ``<tt/foo/'' ³sµ²¨ì ``<tt/bar/'', ¦Ó§An§ó§ï ``<tt/foo/'' ªº - Åv (¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O ``<tt/bar/''), ¨º´N¥Î: - - - <verb> - chmod 555 foo/ - </verb> - - <p>¨Ì·Óµ²§Àªº±×½u, <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> ·| - ¸g¹L³sµ² ``<tt/foo/'', ¦Ó§ïÅÜ ``<tt/bar/'' ¥Ø¿ýªºÅv. - - <sect1> - <heading> - ¬°¬Æ»ò±b¸¹ <bf/¤´µM/ ¨î¬°¤KÓ¦r¤¸? - </heading> - - <p>§A·|»{¬°×§ï <bf/UT_NAMESIZE/ µM«á««Ø¨t²Î¬O«Ü²³æªº¨Æ±¡, ¦Ó¥B - ¨C¥ó¨Æ³£¥i¥H¹B°µ¦a«Ü¦n. ¤£¨¯ªº¬O¦³³\¦hªºµ{¦¡©M¤u¨ã(¥]§t¨t²Î¤u¨ã) - §â¼Æ¦r¼g¦º¦bµ{¦¡¸Ì(¨Ã«DÁ`¬O 8 ©Î 9, ¦³®É¬O¥j©Çªº¦p 15 ©M 20). - ³o¤£¥u·|§â§Aªº°O¿ýÀɧËÃa(¨Ó¦Û©óÅܰʪø«×©M©T©wªø«×°O¿ýªº®t²§), ¤] - ·|¯}Ãa Sun ªº NIS «È¤áºÝªº¹B°µ, ©M¨ä¥¦ UNIX ¨t²Îªº¤¬¬Û¼vÅT¤]¥i¯à - ¦³¼ç¦bªº°ÝÃD. - - <p>¦b FreeBSD 3.0 ¥H¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥», ±b¸¹ªº³Ì¤jªø«×¼W¥[¨ì16Ó¦r¤¸, - ¦Ó¨º¨Ç¼g¦ºªø«×ªºµ{¦¡¤]§ä¥X¨Ó×¥¿. ¼vÅT¨ì¨t²Î¦p¦¹¦h³¡¥÷¥¿¬Oª½¨ì - 3.0 ¤~°µ×§ïªºì¦].</p> - - <p>¦pªG§A¦³¦Û«H¦b¥X°ÝÃDªº®É«á¯à¦Û¦æ¸Ñ¨M, §A¥i¥H¥Î¤U±ªº¤èªkÅý¸û¦ªº - ª©¥»¤ä´©¸ûªøªº±b¸¹. קï /usr/include/utmp.h ¤¤ªº UT_NAMESIZE. §A¤] - ¥²¶·§â /usr/include/sys/param.h ¤¤ªº MAXLOGNAME §ï¦¨¸ò UT_NAMESIZE - ¬Û²Å. ³Ì«á, ¦pªG§A¬O±qì©lµ{¦¡«Ø¥ß¨t²Î, §O§Ñ¤F /usr/include ¨C¦¸³£ - ·|§ó·s! קï /usr/src/.. ¤¤¾A·íªºÀÉ®×. </p> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¯à¦b FreeBSD ¤U¶] DOS µ{¦¡¶Ü?</heading> - - <p>¬Oªº, ±q 3.0 ª©¶}©l¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤w¸g¾ã¦X¨Ã¥[±jªº BSDI <tt/rundos/ - DOS ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹. ¦pªG§A³Ì³oÓªF¦è¦³¿³½ì, °e«Ê«H¨ì - <url url="mailto:freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org" - name="The FreeBSD emulation discussion list"> - - <p>¹ï 3.0 ¤§«eªº¨t²Î, ¦b port ¤¤¦³¤@Ó·¥¨Îªº¤u¨ãµ{¦¡ - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^pcemu" name="pcemu"> - ¥i¥H¼ÒÀÀ 8088 ©M¨¬°÷ªº BIOS ªA°È¥H°õ¦æ DOS ¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡µ{¦¡. ¥¦¶·n X Window - System (¥Ñ XFree86 ´£¨Ñ). - - <sect1> - <heading> - ¬Æ»ò¬O ``<tt/sup/'', ¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î? - </heading> - - <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^sup" name="SUP"> - ·N«ä¬O Software Update Protocol, ¥Ñ CMU µo®i¥Hºû«ùµo®iªº¦P¨B. - §Ú̧Q¥Î¥L¨Ó«O«ù»·ºÝªº¯¸¥x©Mì©l¯¸¥x¦P¨B. - - <p>SUP ¹ïÀW¼eªº¨Ï¥Î¤£¤Íµ½, ¦Ó¥B¤w©ñ±ó¤F. ¥Ø«e«Øijºû«ùì©l½X§ó·sªº¤èªk¬O - <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="Handbook entry on CVSup"> - - - <sect1> - <heading>How cool is FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p>°Ý: ¦³¤H°µ¹L FreeBSD °õ¦æ®Éªº·Å«×´ú¸Õ¶Ü? §Úª¾¹D Linux ¤ñ DOS ²D, - ¦ý¨SÅ¥¤H´£¹L FreeBSD. ¦ü¥G«Ü¼ö. - - <p>A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded - volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 - administered beforehand. 35% of the volunteers said that FreeBSD - tasted sort of orange, whereas Linux tasted like purple haze. - Neither group mentioned any particular variances in temperature - that I can remember. We eventually had to throw the results of - this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too many - volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus - skewing the results. I think most of the volunteers are at Apple - now, working on their new ``scratch and sniff'' GUI. It's a - funny old business we're in! - - <p>¤£¶}ª±¯º¤F, FreeBSD ©M Linux ³£¨Ï¥Î ``<tt/HLT/'' (halt) «ü¥O - ¥H¦b¨t²Î¶¢¸m®É°§C¹q¤Oªº¨Ï¥Î¤]´î¤Ö¤F¼öªº²£¥Í. ¦pªG¦³³]©w APM - (automatic power management), FreeBSD ¤]¥i¥HÅý CPU ¶i¤J§C¹q¤O - ¼Ò¦¡. - - <sect1> - <heading>½Ö¦b§Úªº°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ¤¤¨F¨F§@ÅT??</heading> - - <p>°Ý: FreeBSD ½sĶ®Ö¤ß®É¦³°µ¬Æ»ò "©_¯S" ªº¨ÆÅý°O¾ÐÅé¨F¨F§@ÅT¶Ü? - ·í½sĶ®É(ÁÙ¦³¶}¾÷®É½T»{³nºÐ«áªºµu¼È®É¶¡), ¤]ºØ¦ü¥G¨Ó¦Û°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ - ªº©_©ÇÁnµ. - - <p>µª; ¬Oªº! ¦b BSD ªº¤å¥ó¤¤§A·|±`±`¬Ý¨ì ``I«áÆF'', ¤j³¡¥÷ªº¤H - ³£¤£ª¾¹D¨º¬O¤@ºØ¹ê»Ú¦s¦bªººë¯«Åé --- ´x±±µÛ§Aªº¹q¸£. §AÅ¥¨ìªºÁnµ - ¬O³o¨ÇI«áÆF¥H°ªµ¤fï¦b·¾³q«ç¼Ë°µ³\¦hªº¨t²ÎºÞ²z¤u§@. - - <p>¦pªG³o¨ÇÁnµ«Ü§xÂZ§A, ¨Ó¦Û DOS ªº ``<tt>fdisk /mbr</tt>'' ´N - ¯àÂ\²æ, ¦ý¦pªG¦³¬Û¤Ïªº®ÄªG¤]¤£nÅå³Y. ¨Æ¹ê¤W, ¦pªG¦b»ö¦¡¤¤Å¥¨ì - Bill Gates ®£©ÆªºÁnµ±q¤º«Øªº³â¥z¶Ç¨Ó, °¨¤W°k¦Ó¥B¤£n¦^ÀY! - ±q BSD I«áÆF¤£¥¿Åªº¼vÅT¤¤¸Ñ©ñ, DOS ©M Windows I«áÆF³q±`³£¯à - «·s±±¨î¾ã¥x¾÷¾¹¨Ã¹ï§AªºÆF»î¶A©G. ¦pªG¦³¿ï¾Ü, §Ú·Q§Ú¹çÄ@²ßºD©_ - ©ÇªºÁnµ. - - <sect1> - <heading>MFC ¬O¬Æ»ò·N«ä?</heading> - - <p>MFC ¬O 'Merged From -CURRENT' ªºÁY¼g. ¨Ï¥Î¦b CVS °O¿ý¤¤¥H - ªí¥Ü±q CURRENT ¤¤¾ã¦X¶i STABLE ¤À¤äªº§ïÅÜ. - - </sect> - diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 6e7085f6a3..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1168 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.2 1999-02-16 14:20:18 vanilla Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by wing@cc.nsysu.edu.tw --> -<!-- English Version: 1.20 --> - - <sect> - <heading>Networking<label id="networking"></heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>§ÚÀ³¸Ó¨ìþÃä§ä¦³ÃöµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷ (diskless booting) ªº¸ê®Æ?</heading> - - <p>µLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷´N¬OÅý FreeBSD ¥D¾÷±qºô¸ô¤W¶}¾÷,¨Ã¥B±qºô¸ô¤Wªº server ¤WŪ¨ú - ¨ä¥L¥²nªºÀÉ®×,¦Ó«D¥Ñ¥D¾÷ªºµwºÐ¤W¨ú±o³o¨ÇÀɮסC ¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò - <url url="../handbook/diskless.html" - name="FreeBSD ¤â¥UªºµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷½g"> - - <sect1> - <heading> - FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷¥i¥H·í§@¬YÓºô¸ô¤Wªº¸ô¥Ñ¾¹ (router) ¶Ü ? - </heading> - - <p>¥Ñ©óºô»Úºô¸ôªº¼Ð·Ç¤Æ©Mµ{¦¡³]pªº¥R¤À¸gÅ礧½ç,§ÚÌ - ¯à°÷¦b FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤º«Ø«Ê¥]Âà¶Ç (packet fowarding) ªº¥\¯à¡C§A¥i¥H - ±N³oÓ¥\¯à¥´¶},¥un±N³oÓÅܼƳ]©w¬° - <tt/YES/ ¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" - name="rc.conf">³oÓÀɮפ¤ - - <verb> - gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway - </verb> - - <p>³oӿﶵ·|±N <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl" name="sysctl"> ÅܼƳ]©w - <tt/net.inet.ip.forwarding/ ¬° <tt/1/. - - <p>¦b¤j³¡¤Àªºª¬ªp¤U, §AÁÙ¥²¶·¦A¶]¤@Ó³B²z routing ªºµ{¦¡,§i¶Dºô¸ô¤Wªº¨ä¥L - ¥D¾÷Ãö©ó§Aªº router ³]©wªº¸ê®Æ; FreeBSD - ¥X¼t®É«K¤ºªþ¤@ӼзǪº BSD routing µ{¦¡ - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed" - name="routed">, ¦pªG§Aªººô¸ô³]©w§ó¬°½ÆÂø,§A¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý - <em/GaTeD/ (¥i¥H¥H FTP ¤è¦¡¥Ñ <tt/ftp.gated.Merit.EDU/ ¤U¸ü) - ³oÓµ{¦¡¦Û 3_5Alpha7 «á¤ä´© FreeBSD . - - <p>§Ú̦³¥²n§i¶D§A,´Nºâ¬O FreeBSD ¥H³oºØ¤è¦¡³]©w§¹¦¨ - , ¥¦ÁÙ¬OµLªk§¹¥þº¡¨¬ Internet ¹ï router ªº¼Ð·Ç©w¸q - ;¤£¹L, ´N¤é±`¨Ï¥Î¦Ó¨¥¥¦¤w¸g¨¬°÷À³¥I¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº»Ý¨D¤F¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¥i¥H³z¹L FreeBSD ±N§Úªº Win95 ¾÷¾¹³s¤W Internet ¶Ü?</heading> - - <p>°ò¥»¤W, ·|°Ý³oºØ°ÝÃDªº¤H¦b®a¸Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¥x¹q¸£, ¤@¥x¶] FreeBSD - ¥t¥~¤@¥x¶] Win95; ³oÓ¥D·N¬O±N FreeBSD ¥D¾÷³s¤W Internet - ,µM«á³z¹L³o¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷,Åý¶] Win95 ªº¹q¸£¯à°÷¤Wºô¡C - ³oÓ°ÝÃDºâ¬O«e¤@Ó°ÝÃDªº¤@Ó¯S¨Ò¡C - - <p>³oÃ䦳«nªº¤å¥ó,±Ð§A«ç»ò§â FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨ - <url url="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html" - name="PPP Dialup Router"> - - <p><bf/ª`·N:/ ¦b³oºØª¬ªp¤U§A¦Ü¤Ön¦³¨âÓ¥H¤Wªº©T©w IP addresses - , ¦³®É¬O¤TÓ¥H¤W©Î§ó¦h²Õ IP ¦P®É¨Ï¥Î, µø§Aªº»Ý¨D¦Ó©w¡C - ¦pªG§A¨S¦³©T©wªº IP ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î,§A¥i¥H¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î private IP - ¤lºô¸ô,¨Ã¦w¸Ë <bf/proxies/ ¨Ò¦p - <url url="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/" name="SQUID"> ©Î¬O - <url url="http://www.tis.com/" name="the TIS firewall toolkit"> - ¦b§Aªº FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¤W¡C - - <p>¥t¥~¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="natd">. - - <sect1> - <heading> - ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b compile ISC ³Ì·sª©ªº BIND µ{¦¡®É¦Ñ¬O¥¢±Ñ? - </heading> - - <p>¦b ``<tt/cdefs.h/'' Àɮפ¤ªº©w¸q»P FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤¤¤ºªþ - ªºÀɮשw¸q¦³©Ò½Ä¬ð¡Cª½±µ§â - <tt>compat/include/sys/cdefs.h</tt> ¬å±¼´N¥i¥H¤F¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SLIP ©M PPP ¶Ü?</heading> - - <p>¬Oªº¡C §A¥i¥H¬d¬d man pages ¤¤Ãö©ó - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach" - name="slattach">, <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" name="sliplogin">, - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppd" name="pppd"> ¥H¤Î - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> ªº»¡©ú. - <tt/pppd/ ©M <tt/ppp/ ³£´£¨Ñ¼·¶i¤Î¼·¥Xªº¥\¯à¡C - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" - name="Sliplogin"> ±Mªù³B²z¦³Ãö¼·¤Jªº¥\¯à,¦Ó - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach" - name="slattach"> ³B²z¦³Ãö¼·¥Xªº¥\¯à¡C - - <p>³o¨Çµ{¦¡¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú,§A¥i¥H¦b - <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="handbook">¤¤§ä¨ì: - - <itemize> - <item><url url="../handbook/slips.html" - name="SLIP (server ºÝ) ªº»¡©ú"> - - <item><url url="../handbook/slipc.html" - name="SLIP (client ºÝ) ªº»¡©ú"> - - <item><url url="../handbook/ppp.html" - name="PPP (kernel ¼Ò¦¡) ªº»¡©ú"> - - <item><url url="../handbook/userppp.html" - name="PPP (¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡) ªº»¡©ú"> - </itemize> - - <p>¦pªG§A¥u¯àÂÇ¥Ñ"shell account"ªº¤è¦¡¤Wºôªº¸Ü, - §A¥i¯à·|·Q¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^slirp" name="slirp"> - ³oÓ³nÅé¡C ¥¦¥i¥HÅý§Aªº¹q¸£ª½±µ³s¤W (¬Y¨Ç) ªA°È, - ¨Ò¦p ftp ©M http µ¥µ¥¡C - - <sect1> - <heading> - FreeBSD ¤ä´© NAT ©Î Masquerading ¶Ü?<label id="natd"> - </heading> - - <p>¦pªG§A¦³¤@ÓªñºÝªº¤lºô¸ô(¦³¤@¥x¥H¤Wªº¾÷¾¹), ¦ý¬O§Aªº Internet provider - «o¥u¤À°t¤@Ó IP number µ¹§A - (©ÎªÌ§A¥u¤À°t¨ì¤@ӰʺAªº IP number), §A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd" name="natd"> - ³oÓµ{¦¡¡C <tt/Natd/ Åý§A¥i¥H³z¹L³o¤@Ó IP number Åý¾ãÓ¤lºô¸ôªº¹q¸£³£¯à - ³s¤W internet ¡C - - <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" - name="ppp"> ³oÓµ{¦¡¤]´£¨ÑÃþ¦üªº¥\¯à , ¦pªG§A¤U - <tt/-alias/ ³oӿﶵªº¸Ü¡C <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="alias library"> - ¦b³o¨âÓ³B²z¤è¦¡¤¤³£·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¨ì¡C - - <sect1> - <heading> - §Ú¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î ppp ,§Ú°µ¿ù¤F¤°»ò¶Ü ?<label id="userppp"> - </heading> - - <p>§AÀ³¸Ó¥ý¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp man page"> ©M - <url url="../handbook/userppp.html" - name="ppp ¨Ï¥Î»¡©ú">. ¨Ï¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¨Ó¥´¶}°O¿ý (logging) ªº¥\¯à - - <verb> - set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command - </verb> - - <p>³oÓ©R¥O¥i¥H¦b <bf/ppp/ command prompt ©ÎªÌ¬O¦b - <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</tt> ²ÕºAÀɮפ¤¥[¤J¡C - (¥[¦b <bf>default</bf> section ªº¶}ÀY³Ì¦n). - ½T©w¦b <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?syslog.conf" - name="/etc/syslog.conf"> ¸Ì±¦³³o»ò¤@¦æ: - - <verb> - !ppp - *.* /var/log/ppp.log - </verb> - - <p>¦Ó¥B<tt>/var/log/ppp.log</tt> ³oÓÀɮצs¦b¡C ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó - §A¥i¥H±q log Àɮפ¤ª¾¹D¨ì©³µo¥Í¤F¤°»ò¨Æ±¡¡C - ¥ý¤£¥Î¾á¤ßÀɮתº¤º®e§A¬Ý¤£À´, ¦pªG§An¦V¤H¨D±Ïªº¸Ü - , ±Ï§Aªº¤H·|¬Ý±oÀ´ªº¡C - - <p>¦pªG§A¨t²Î¤Wªº¨º¥÷ ppp ¤£´£¨Ñ "set log" - ªº«ü¥Oªº¸Ü, §AÀ³¸Ó¥h¤U¸ü - <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~brian" name="³Ì·sª©¥»">. - ³oÓª©¥»¦b FreeBSD 2.1.5 ¥H¤Wªºª©¥»³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C - - <sect2> - <heading>§Ú¤@°õ¦æ ppp ,¥¦´N±¾¦b¨ºÃ䤣°Ê¤F</heading> - - <p>·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î³q±`¬O§Aªº hostname ¨S¦³¿ìªk¸Ñ¥X¨Ó¡C ¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD - ³Ì¦nªº¿ìªk¬O½T©w <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> ·|³Q§Aªº resolver ²Ä¤@ӰѦҨì¡C - §A¥i¥Hקï<tt>/etc/host.conf</tt> - ¨Ã¥B§â<tt>hosts</tt> ©ñ¨ì³Ì«e±. ±µµÛ, ¥un§â§Aªº¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ©ñ¨ì - <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> ¸Ì±´N¥i¥H¤F¡C ¦pªG§A¨S¦³ - local network ªº¸Ü, קï <tt>localhost</tt> ³o¤@¦æ: - - <verb> -127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost - </verb> - - §_«h, ´N§â§A¥D¾÷ªº¸ê°T¥[¤JÀɮפ¤¡C §A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò - ¬ÛÃöªº man pages ¥HÀò±o¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡C - <p>¦pªG§A¶¶§Qªº§¹¦¨³o¨Ç°Ê§@, §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦¨¥\ªº°õ¦æ <tt>ping -c1 `hostname`</tt> - . - - <sect2> - <heading>Ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U¤£¯à¼·¸¹</heading> - - <p>º¥ý½T©w§Aªº¤º©w¸ô¥Ñ (default route) ¬O§_¦³³]©w¡C ¤U <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat"> - name="netstat -rn"> ³oÓ«ü¥O, §AÀ³¸Ó¯à°÷¬Ý¨ì¦p¥H¤U½d¨Òªº¨âÓ entries : - - <verb> -Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire -default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 -10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0 - </verb> - - <p>³o¨Ç³]©w¬O°²³]±z¨Ï¥Îªº address ¸ò handbook ¸Ì±ªº³]©w, - ©Î¬O»P man page ªº½d¨Ò§í©Î¬O ppp.conf.sample ³oÓÀɮ׸̪º³]©w¬Û¦P. - ¦pªG±z¨S¦³³]©w default route, ¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à±z²{¦b¨Ï¥Îª©¥»ªº - <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" - name="ppp"> that doesn't understand the - word <tt/HISADDR/ in the ppp.conf file. ¦pªG±zªº¨t²Î - <bf/ppp/ ¬O¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªº¸Ü, קï - - <verb> - add 0 0 HISADDR - </verb> - - <p>³o¤@¦æ¦¨¬° - - <verb> - add 0 0 10.0.0.2 - </verb> - - <p>default route ³o¦æ¨S¦³¥X²{ªº¥t¤@Óì¦]¬O - §A³]¿ù¤F default router , ³oÓ³]©w¦b - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" - name="/etc/rc.conf"> Àɮפ¤ (³oÓÀɮצb release 2.2.2 «e¥s - <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> ), §A»Ýn¥[¤J³o»ò¤@¦æ - - <verb> - delete ALL - </verb> - - <p>¦b <tt>ppp.conf</tt>¤¤. ¦pªGµo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î, ¦^¨ì handbook - <url url="../handbook/userppp:final.html" - name="Final system configuration"> ªº»¡©ú¤¤¬d¸ß. - - <sect2> - <heading>¤°»ò¥s°µ "No route to host"</heading> - - <p>This error is usually due to a missin³oÓª¬ªp³q±`¬O¦]¬°¯Ê¤Ö¤F³o¬q³]©w - - <verb> - MYADDR: - delete ALL - add 0 0 HISADDR - </verb> - - <p>½ÐÀˬd±zªº <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> Àɮפ¤¬O§_¦³³o¨Ç³]©w. ¥u¦³¦b±z - ¨Ï¥Î°ÊºA IP (dynamic IP) ©Î¤£ª¾¹D±z gateway ªº IP ®É¤~»Ýn³]©w³oÓ. - ¦pªG±z¬O¨Ï¥Î¤¬°Ê¼Ò¦¡(interactive mode) ªº¸Ü, ±z¥i¥H - type the following after entering <tt/packet mode/ (packet mode is - indicated by the capitalized <bf/PPP/ in the prompt): - - <verb> - delete ALL - add 0 0 HISADDR - </verb> - - <p>±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò handbook ¤¤ <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html" - name="PPP and Dynamic IP addresses"> ¦³¸û¸ÔºÉªº»¡©ú. - - - <sect2> - <heading>§Úªº³s½u¦bµ¥«Ý¤T¤ÀÄÁ«á¤ÁÂ_¤F</heading> - - <p>ppp ¹w³]ªº timeout ȬO¤T¤ÀÄÁ. ¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U³o¦æ©R¥O½Õ¾ã - - <verb> - set timeout NNN - </verb> - - <p><bf/NNN/ ¥Nªí¦b¨S¦³³s½u¦¨¥\«eµ¥«Ý´X¬í¤~±N³s½uÃö³¬. - ¦pªG <bf/NNN/ ³]¬° 0, ¨º»ò±N¤£·|¦]¬° timeout ¦ÓÃö³¬³s½u,·|¤@ª½µ¥«Ý¤U¥h - . §A¥i¥H§â³o¦æ©R¥O©ñ¨ì - <tt>ppp.conf</tt> ³oÓÀɮ׸̱, ©Î¬O¦b interactive mode ¸Ì±¿é¤J³oÓ«ü¥O. - ¤]¥i¥H¥Î on the fly ªº¤è¦¡½Õ¾ã,¦b½u¸ô±Ò¥Î¨ÃÁp±µ¨ì - <bf/ppp/s ¦øªA¾¹ªº½u¸ô®É¨Ï¥Î - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet" name="telnet"> - ©Î <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl" - name="pppctl">. °Ñ¦Ò - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> man - page ¥HÀò±o§ó¸ÔºÉªº¸ê®Æ. - - <sect2> - <heading>§Úªº³s½u¦]¬°t²ü¤Ó«¦ÓÂ_½u</heading> - - <p>¦pªG±z³]©w¤F Link Quality Reporting (LQR) , ´N¦³¥i¯à - µo¥Í±z©M¹ï¤è¥D¾÷¤§¶¡¦³¤Ó¦hªº LQR «Ê¥]¿ò¥¢ªº²{¶H. - Ppp ·|¦]¦¹§PÂ_¹q¸Ü½u¸ô¦³°ÝÃD. - , ¨Ã¥B¨M©w¤ÁÂ_³s½u. ¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ª©¥H«e, - LQR ¤º©wȬO enabled . ²{¦bªº¤º©wȬO disabled. - LQR ¥i¥H¥Î³o¤@¦æ©R¥O¨ú®ø - - <verb> - disable lqr - </verb> - - <sect2> - <heading>§Úªº³s½u·|¤£©w®ÉªºÂ_±¼</heading> - - <p>¦³®ÉÔ¦pªG½u¸ô¤W¦³¤Ó¦h¾¸°T,¬Æ¦Ü¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Î¤F¸Ü¤¤´¡¼·ªºªA°Èªº¸Ü. - , ±zªº modem ±N©Î hang ¦í,¦]¬°¥L»~»{³o¨Ç°T®§¬O lost carrier. - - <p>¤j³¡¤Àªº modem ³£¦³®e§Ô¼È®É¥¢¥h carrier ªº³]©w. - . ¥H USR Sportster ¬°¨Ò, this is measured by the S10 register in - tenths of a second. ¦pªGnÅý±zªº modem ¯à®e§Ô§ó¤jªº¿ù»~, §A¥i¥H¦b±zªº dial string - ¸Ì±¥[¤J¥H¤Uªº send-expect ©R¥O: - - <verb> - set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......" - </verb> - - <p>°Ñ¦Ò±zªº modem ¤ºªþªº»¡©ú®Ñ¥H¨ú±o§ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ. - - <sect2> - <heading>¦b¬Ý¨ì Login OK! ªº°T®§¥H«á´N¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³¤F</heading> - - <p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¥H«eªºª©¥»¤W, ¤@¦ý³s½u«Ø¥ß§¹¦¨¥H«á, - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" - name="ppp"> ·|µ¥¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹±Ò°Ê Line Control - Protocol (LCP). «Ü¦h ISP ¤£·|¦Û°Ê±Ò°Ê³oÓ°T®§¥æ´«,¦Ó¬Oµ¥ - «Ý cleint ºÝ±Ò°Ê. n±j¢ <bf/ppp/ ¥D°Ê±Ò°Ê - LCP, ½Ð¤U³oÓ©R¥O: - - <verb> - set openmode active - </verb> - - <p><bf/Note/: ³q±`¦pªG¨âÃä³£±Ò°Ê°T®§¥æ´«ªº¸Ü,³q±`¤£·|³y¦¨¥ô¦ó°Æ§@¥Î. - , ©Ò¥H openmode ¥Ø«e¤º©wȬO±Ò°Êªº. µM¦Ó, - ¤U¤@¬q±N¸ÑÄÀ¦b¤°»òª¬ªp¤U³oÓ³]©w <bf/¯uªº/ ·|³y¦¨°Æ§@¥Î. - - <sect2> - <heading>§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì magic being the same ªº¿ù»~°T®§</heading> - - <p>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages in - the log that say "magic is the same". Sometimes, these - messages are harmless, and sometimes one side or the other - exits. Most ppp implementations cannot survive this problem, and - even if the link seems to come up, you'll see repeated configure - requests and configure acknowledgements in the log file until - ppp eventually gives up and closes the connection. - - <p>This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that - are spawning a getty on the port, and executing ppp from a - login script or program after login. I've also heard reports - of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is - that in the time taken between getty exiting and ppp starting, the - client-side ppp starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) - packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on - the server, the client ppp sees these packets "reflect" back. - - <p>One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number - for each side of the link so that "reflections" can be detected. - The protocol says that when the peer tries to negotiate - the same magic number, a NAK should be sent and a new magic - number should be chosen. During the period that the server - port has ECHO turned on, the client ppp sends LCP packets, - sees the same magic in the reflected packet and NAKs it. It - also sees the NAK reflect (which also means ppp must change - its magic). This produces a potentially enormous number of - magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into - the server's tty buffer. As soon as ppp starts on the server, - it's flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately - decides it's tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. - Meanwhile, the client, who no longer sees the reflections, - becomes happy just in time to see a hangup from the server. - - <p>This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating - with the following line in your ppp.conf file: - - <verb> - set openmode passive - </verb> - - <p>This tells ppp to wait for the server to initiate LCP - negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. - If this is the case, you can do something like: - - <verb> - set openmode active 3 - </verb> - - <p>This tells ppp to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start - sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during - this period, ppp will immediately respond rather than waiting for - the full 3 second period. - - <sect2> - <heading> - LCP negotiations continue 'till the connection is closed - </heading> - - <p>There is currently an implementation mis-feature in <bf/ppp/ - where it doesn't associate LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with - their original requests. As a result, if one <bf/ppp/ - implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other side, - the other side will send two additional LCP configuration requests. - This is fatal. - - Consider two implementations, <bf/A/ and <bf/B/. <bf/A/ starts - sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and <bf/B/ takes - 7 seconds to start. When <bf/B/ starts, <bf/A/ has sent 3 LCP - REQs. We're assuming the line has ECHO switched off, otherwise - we'd see magic number problems as described in the previous section. - <bf/B/ sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of <bf/A/'s REQs. - This results in <bf/A/ entering the <bf/OPENED/ state and sending - and ACK (the first) back to <bf/B/. In the meantime, <bf/B/ sends - back two more ACKs in response to the two additional REQs sent by - <bf/A/ before <bf/B/ started up. <bf/B/ then receives the first - ACK from <bf/A/ and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. <bf/A/ receives - the second ACK from <bf/B/ and goes back to the <bf/REQ-SENT/ state, - sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the - third ACK and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. In the meantime, - <bf/B/ receives the forth REQ from <bf/A/, resulting in it reverting - to the <bf/ACK-SENT/ state and sending another (second) REQ and - (forth) ACK as per the RFC. <bf/A/ gets the REQ, goes into - <bf/REQ-SENT/ and sends another REQ. It immediately receives the - following ACK and enters <bf/OPENED/. - - <p>This goes on 'till one side figures out that they're getting - nowhere and gives up. - - <p>The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be - <bf/passive/ - that is, make one side wait for the other to start - negotiating. This can be done with the - - <verb> - set openmode passive - </verb> - - command. Care should be taken with this option. You should also - use the - - <verb> - set stopped N - </verb> - - command to limit the amount of time that <bf/ppp/ waits for the peer - to begin negotiations. Alternatively, the - - <verb> - set openmode active N - </verb> - - command (where <bf/N/ is the number of seconds to wait before - starting negotiations) can be used. Check the manual page for - details. - - <sect2> - <heading>Ppp locks up shortly after connecting</heading> - - <p>Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that your - link was disabled shortly after connection due to <bf/ppp/ - mis-handling Predictor1 compression negotiation. This would - only happen if both sides tried to negotiate different - Compression Control Protocols (CCP). This problem is now - corrected, but if you're still running an old version of - <bf/ppp/, the problem can be circumvented with the line - - <verb> - disable pred1 - </verb> - - <sect2> - <heading>Ppp locks up when I shell out to test it</heading> - - <p>When you execute the <tt/shell/ or <tt/!/ command, <bf/ppp/ - executes a shell (or if you've passed any arguements, <bf/ppp/ - will execute those arguements). Ppp will wait for the command - to complete before continuing. If you attempt to use the - ppp link while running the command, the link will appear to have - frozen. This is because <bf/ppp/ is waiting for the command - to complete. - - <p>If you wish to execute commands like this, use the - <tt/!bg/ command instead. This will execute the given command - in the background, and ppp can continue to service the link. - - <sect2> - <heading>Ppp over a null-modem cable never exits</heading> - - <p>There is no way for <bf/ppp/ to automatically determine that - a direct connection has been dropped. This is due to the - lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using - this sort of connection, LQR should always be enabled with - the line - - <verb> - enable lqr - </verb> - - <p>LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer. - - <sect2> - <heading>Why does ppp dial for no reason in -auto mode</heading> - - <p>If <bf/ppp/ is dialing unexpectedly, you must determine the - cause, and set up Dial filters (dfilters) to prevent such dialing. - - <p>To determine the cause, use the following line: - - <verb> - set log +tcp/ip - </verb> - - <p>This will log all traffic through the connection. The next - time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the reason - logged with a convenient timestamp next to it. - - <p>You can now disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, - this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent - DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will <bf/not/ - prevent <bf/ppp/ from passing the packets through an established - connection), use the following: - - <verb> - set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53 - set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53 - set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0 - </verb> - - <p>This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break your - demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS lookup - before doing any other network related things. - - <p>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is actually - trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail" - name="sendmail"> is the culprit. You should make sure that you tell - sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See - the section on <ref id="ispmail" name="Mail Configuration"> for - details on how to create your own configuration file and what should - go into it. You may also want to add the following line to your - <bf/.mc/ file: - - <verb> - define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl - </verb> - - <p>This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue is - run (usually, sendmail is invoked with ``-bd -q30m'', telling it - to run the queue every 30 minutes) or until a ``sendmail -q'' - is done (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file). - - <sect2> - <heading>What do these CCP errors mean</heading> - - <p>I keep seeing the following errors in my log file: - - <verb> - CCP: CcpSendConfigReq - CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6) - </verb> - - <p>This is because ppp is trying to negotiate Predictor1 - compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any - compression at all. The messages are harmless, but if you - wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression - locally too: - - <verb> - disable pred1 - </verb> - - <sect2> - <heading>Ppp locks up during file transfers with IO errors</heading> - - <p>Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the tun - driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger than - the tun interface's MTU size. Receipt of a packet greater than - the MTU size results in an IO error being logged via syslogd. - - <p>The ppp specification says that an MRU of 1500 should - <bf>always</bf> be accepted as a minimum, despite any LCP - negotiations, therefore it is possible that should you decrease - the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will transmit packets of - 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this non-feature - locking - up your link. - - <p>The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of - less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before. - - <sect2> - <heading>Why doesn't ppp log my connection speed?</heading> - - <p>In order to log all lines of your modem ``conversation'', - you must enable the following: - - <verb> - set log +connect - </verb> - - <p>This will make - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> - log everything up until the last requested "expect" string. - - <p>If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP or CHAP - (and therefore don't have anything to "chat" after the CONNECT - in the dial script - no "set login" script), you must make sure that - you instruct ppp to "expect" the whole CONNECT line, something like - this: - - <verb> - set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n" - </verb> - - <p>Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a line-feed, - forcing <bf/ppp/ to read the whole CONNECT response. - - <sect2> - <heading>Ppp ignores the `\' character in my chat script</heading> - - <p>Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can - interpret strings such as <tt/set phone "123 456 789"/ correctly - (and realize that the number is actually only <bf/one/ argument. - In order to specify a ``"'' character, you must escape it using - a backslash (``\''). - - <p>When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets - the argument in order to find any special escape sequences such - as ``\P'' or ``\T'' (see the man page). As a result of this - double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of - escapes. - - <p>If you wish to actually send a ``\'' character to (say) your - modem, you'd need something like: - - <verb> - set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK" - </verb> - - <p>resulting in the following sequence: - - <verb> - ATZ - OK - AT\X - OK - </verb> - - <p>or - - <verb> - set phone 1234567 - set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T" - </verb> - - <p>resulting in the following sequence: - - <verb> - ATZ - OK - ATDT1234567 - </verb> - - <sect2> - <heading>Ppp gets a seg-fault, but I see no <tt/ppp.core/ file</heading> - - <p>Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never - dump core. Because ppp runs with an effective user id of 0, - the operating system will not write ppps core image to disk - before terminating it. If, however ppp <bf/is/ actually - termating due to a segmentation violation or some other - signal that normally causes core to be dumped, <bf/and/ you're - sure you're using the latest version (see the start of this - section), then you should do the following: - - <verb> - $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz - $ cd ppp*/ppp - $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile - $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile - $ make clean all - $ su - # make install - # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp - </verb> - - <p>You will now have a debuggable version of ppp installed. You - will have to be root to run ppp as all of its privileges have - been revoked. When you start ppp, take a careful note of what - your current directory was at the time. - - <p>Now, if and when ppp receives the segmentation violation, it - will dump a core file called ppp.core. You should then do the - following: - - <verb> - $ su - # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core - (gdb) bt - ..... - (gdb) f 0 - ..... - (gdb) i args - ..... - (gdb) l - ..... - </verb> - - <p>All of this information should be given alongside your - question, making it possible to diagnose the problem. - <p>If you're familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some - other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and - the addresses & values of the relevant variables. - - <sect2> - <heading> - The process that forces a dial in auto mode never connects - </heading> - - <p>This was a known problem with <bf/ppp/ set up to negotiate - a dynamic local IP number with the peer in auto mode. It is - fixed in the latest version - search the man page for <bf/iface/. - - <p>The problem was that when that initial program calls - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect" - name="connect(2)">, the IP number of the tun interface is - assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first - outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. <bf/Ppp/ then - reads the packet and establishes a connection. If, as a result - of <bf/ppp/s dynamic IP assignment, the interface address is changed, - the original socket endpoint will be invalid. Any subsequent - packets sent to the peer will usually be dropped. Even if - they aren't, any responses will not route back to the originating - machine as the IP number is no longer owned by that machine. - - <p>There are several theoretical ways to approach this problem. - It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the same IP number - if possible <tt/:-)/ The current version of <bf/ppp/ does this, - but most other implementations don't. - - <p>The easiest method from our side would be to never change the - tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing packets - so that the source IP number is changed from the interface IP to - the negotiated IP on the fly. This is essentially what the - <tt/iface-alias/ option in the latest version of <bf/ppp/ is - doing (with the help of <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="libalias(3)"> - and ppp's <bf/-alias/ switch) - it's maintaining all previous - interface addresses and aliasing them to the last negotiated address. - - <p>Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would be - to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets from one - IP to another. <bf/Ppp/ would use this call to modify the - sockets of all existing programs when a new IP number is - negotiated. The same system call could be used by dhcp clients - when they are forced to re-bind() their sockets. - - <p>Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be brought - up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be given - an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first SIOCAIFADDR - ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding the socket. It - would be up to <bf/ppp/ to change the source IP number, but only if - it's set to 255.255.255.255, and only the IP number and IP checksum - would need to change. This, however is a bit of a hack as - the kernel would be sending bad packets to an improperly - configured interface, on the assumption that some other mechanism - is capable of fixing things retrospectively. - - <sect2> - <heading>Why don't most games work with the -alias switch</heading> - - <p>The reason games and the like don't work when libalias is - in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a - connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine - on the inside. The packet alias software doesn't know that - it should send these packets to the interior machine. - - <p>To make things work, make sure that the only thing running - is the software that you're having problems with, then either - run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or enable ppp - tcp/ip logging (``set log +tcp/ip'') on the gateway. - - <p>When you start the offending software, you should see packets - passing through the gateway machine. When something comes back - from the outside, it'll be dropped (that's the problem). Note - the port number of these packets then shut down the offending - software. Do this a few times to see if the port numbers are - consistent. If they are, then the following line in the relevant - section of /etc/ppp/ppp.conf will make the software functional: - - <verb> - alias port proto internalmachine:port port - </verb> - - <p>where ``proto'' is either ``tcp'' or ``udp'', - ``internalmachine'' is the machine that you want the packets - to be sent to and ``port'' is the destination port number of - the packets. - - <p>You won't be able to use the software on other machines - without changing the above command, and running the software - on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question - - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal - network as being just a single machine. - - <p>If the port numbers aren't consistent, there are three more - options: - - <p><bf>1)</bf> Submit support in libalias. Examples of ``special - cases'' can be found in /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c (alias_ftp.c - is a good prototype). This usually involves reading certain - recognised outgoing packets, identifying the instruction that - tells the outside machine to initiate a connection back to the - internal machine on a specific (random) port and setting up a - ``route'' in the alias table so that the subsequent packets - know where to go. - - <p>This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best and - will make the software work with multiple machines. - - <p><bf>2)</bf> Use a proxy. The application may support socks5 - for example, or (as in the ``cvsup'' case) may have a ``passive'' - option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open connections - back to the local machine. - - <p><bf>3)</bf> Redirect everything to the internal machine using - ``alias addr''. This is the sledge-hammer approach. - - <sect2> - <heading>What are FCS errors ?</heading> - - <p>FCS stands for <bf/F/rame <bf/C/heck <bf/S/equence. Each - ppp packet has a checksum attached to ensure that the data - being received is the data being sent. If the FCS of an - incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the - HDLC FCS count is increased. The HDLC error values can be - displayed using the <tt>show hdlc</tt> command. - - <p>If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping - packets), you will see the occasional FCS error. This is not - usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the - compression protocols substantially. If you have an external - modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from - interference - this may eradicate the problem. - - <p>If your link freezes as soon as you've connected and you see - a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link is - not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software - flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink <bf>must</bf> use - software flow control, use the command - <tt>set accmap 0x000a0000</tt> to tell <bf>ppp</bf> to escape - the ^Q and ^S characters. - - <p>Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that - the remote end has stopped talking <bf/PPP/. You may want to - enable <tt/async/ logging at this point to determine if the - incoming data is actually a login or shell prompt. If you - have a shell prompt at the remote end, it's possible to - terminate ppp without dropping the line by using the - <tt>close lcp</tt> command (a following <tt>term</tt> command - will reconnect you to the shell on the remote machine. - - <p>If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might - have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator - (your ISP?) why the session was terminated. - - <sect2> - <heading>None of this helps - I'm desperate !</heading> - - <p>If all else fails, send as much information as you can, - including your config files, how you're starting <bf/ppp/, - the relevant parts of your log file and the output of the - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" - name="netstat -rn"> command (before and after connecting) to the - <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org" - name="freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"> mailing list or the - <url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc" - name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> news group, and someone - should point you in the right direction. - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¨S¦³¿ìªk«Ø¥ß <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> ³oÓ device!</heading> - - <p>¦b Berkeley ºô¸ô¬[ºc¤¤, ¥u¦³ kernel µ{¦¡½X¥i¥Hª½±µ¦s¨úºô¸ô¬É±¥d. - ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> ³oÓÀɮשM manual pages ¨ú±o»P¨ä¥L¤£¦Pºô¸ôµ{¦¡ - §ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T. ¦pªG§Aı±o§A§¹¥þ·d²V¤Fªº¸Ü, ±zÀ³¸Ó§ä¤@¥»»P¨ä¥L BSD ¬ÛÃö - §@·~¨t²Îºô¸ôºÞ²z¦³Ãö®Ñ¨Ó°Ñ¦Ò; °£¤F¤Ö¼ÆÅãµÛªº¤£¦P¥~, FreeBSD ªººô¸ôºÞ²z - °ò¥»¤W©M SunOS 4.0 ©M Ultrix ¬O¤@¼Ëªº. - - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß Ethernet aliases?</heading> - - <p>§â ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' ¥[¨ì§Aªº <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" name="ifconfig"> - ©R¥O¦C¤¤,¨Ò¦p: - - <verb> - ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¦p¦ó«ü©w§Úªº 3C503 ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥L¤£¦Pªºªº network port?</heading> - - <p>¦pªG±z·Q¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥Lªº port, §A¥²¶·¦b - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" - name="ifconfig"> ªº©R¥O¤¤«ü©wÃB¥~ªº°Ñ¼Æ. ¤º©wªº - port ¬O ``<tt/link0/''. n¨Ï¥Î AUI port ¥N´À - BNC port ªº¸Ü, §ï¥Î ``<tt/link2/''. ³o¨Ç flags À³¸Ó§ïÅÜ - ifconfig_* ªºÅܼƨӫü©w,§A¥i¥H¦b³oÓÀɮ׸̱§ä¨ì <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf">. - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¦b³s¤W/¿é¥X FreeBSD ªº NFS ®É¥X²{°ÝÃD.</heading> - - <p>¬Y¨Ç PC ªººô¸ô¥d¤ñ¨ä¥Lªº¦n(§t»Wªº»¡¨Ó) - ³oºØª¬ªp¦b³y¦¨ NFS ³oºØ¹ïºô¸ô±Ó·Pªºµ{¦¡¦³®É·|¥X²{°ÝÃD. - - <p>°Ñ¦Ò <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS"> - ¥HÀò±o³oÓ¥DÃDªº§ó¦h¸ê°T. - - <sect1> - <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Linux ªº¾÷¾¹?</heading> - - <p>¬Y¨Çª©¥»ªº Linux NFS µ{¦¡½X¥u±µ¨ü privileged port ªº mount request - ; ¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý - - <verb> - mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>W¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à NFS-mount Sun ªº¾÷¾¹?</heading> - - <p>¶] SunOS 4.X ªº Sun ¤u§@¯¸¥u±µ¨ü¨Ó¦Û privileged port ªº mount request - ; ¸Õ¥Î³o¦æ«ü¥O¬Ý¬Ý - - <verb> - mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î PPP ³s½u¨ì NeXTStep ¾÷¾¹®É¦³°ÝÃD.</heading> - - <p>§â TCP extensions ¨ú®ø, ³oÓ³]©w¦b <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> ¸Ì±. - §â¥H¤U³oÓȳ]¦¨ NO: - - <verb> - tcp_extensions=NO - </verb> - - <p>Xylogic ªº Annex ¥D¾÷¤]¦³¬Û¦Pªº°ÝÃD,±zn°µ¬Û¦Pªº×§ï¤~¯à³s¤W - ³o¨Ç¥D¾÷. - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún«ç¼Ë¤~¯à§â IP multicast support ¥´¶}?</heading> - - <p>Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and - later by default. ¦pªG±z·Q±N±zªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨ multicast router ªº¸Ü, - ±z¥²¶·«·s compile ±zªº kernel, ¥[¤J <tt>MROUTING</tt> - ªº¿ï¶µ,¨Ã¥B°õ¦æ <tt/mrouted/. ¦pªG±zªº<tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ¸Ì±ªº - <tt/mrouted_enable/ ³oӰѼƬO³]©w¦¨"YES" ªº¸Ü.FreeBSD 2.2 ¤Î¤§«áªº - ª©¥»·|¦b¶}¾÷®É°õ¦æ <tt/mrouted/ . - - <p>MBONE ªº¦UºØ¤u¨ã¥i¥H¦b¥LÌ ports ¤U©ÒÄÝ¥s°µ mbone¥Ø¿ý¤¤§ä¨ì. - ¦pªG±z¦b§äµø°T·|ijªº¤u¨ã¦p <tt/vic/ ©M <tt/vat/ ªº¸Ü, - ¨ì¨ºÃä§ä§ä! - - <p>¦pªG»Ýn§ó¶i¤@³¡ªº°T®§,§ä§ä - <url url="http://www.mbone.com/" name="Mbone Information Web">. - - <sect1> - <heading>þ¨Çºô¸ô¥d¬O¨Ï¥Î DEC PCI chipset?</heading> - - <p>¥H¤U¬O <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org" - name="Glen Foster">´£¨Ñªº²M³æ: - - <verb> - Vendor Model - ---------------------------------------------- - ASUS PCI-L101-TB - Accton ENI1203 - Cogent EM960PCI - Compex ENET32-PCI - D-Link DE-530 - Dayna DP1203, DP2100 - DEC DE435 - Danpex EN-9400P3 - JCIS Condor JC1260 - Linksys EtherPCI - Mylex LNP101 - SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332) - SMC EtherPower (Model 8432) - TopWare TE-3500P - Zynx ZX342 - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¥D¾÷n´£¨Ñ FQDN ?</heading> - - <p>You will probably find that the host is actually in a different - domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach - a host called ``mumble'' in the bar.edu domain, you will have to - refer to it by the fully-qualified domain name, ``mumble.bar.edu'', - instead of just ``mumble''. - - <p>Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers. However - the current version of <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?named" name="bind"> that ships - with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-fully - qualified domain names other than the domain you are in. - So an unqualified host <tt>mumble</tt> must either be found - as <tt>mumble.foo.bar.edu</tt>, or it will be searched for - in the root domain. - - <p>This is different from the previous behavior, where the - search continued across <tt>mumble.bar.edu</tt>, and - <tt>mumble.edu</tt>. Have a look at RFC 1535 for why this - was considered bad practice, or even a security hole. - - <p>As a good workaround, you can place the line - - <verb> - search foo.bar.edu bar.edu - </verb> - - <p>instead of the previous - - <verb> - domain foo.bar.edu - </verb> - - <p>into your <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?resolv.conf" - name="/etc/resolv.conf"> file. However, make sure that the search order - does not go beyond the ``boundary between local and public - administration'', as RFC 1535 calls it. - - <sect1> - <heading>``Permission denied'' for all networking operations.</heading> - - <p>If you have compiled your kernel with the <tt/IPFIREWALL/ - option, you need to be aware that the default policy as of - 2.1.7R (this actually changed during 2.1-STABLE development) - is to deny all packets that are not explicitly allowed. - - <p>If you had unintentionally misconfigured your system for - firewalling, you can restore network operability by typing - the following while logged in as root: - - <verb> - ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any - </verb> - - <p>You can also set "firewall_type='open'" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>. - - <p>For further information on configuring a FreeBSD firewall, - see the <url url="../handbook/firewalls.html" name="Handbook section">. - - <sect1> - <heading>How much overhead does IPFW incur?</heading> - - <p>The answer to this depends mostly on your rule set and processor - speed. For most applications dealing with ethernet and small - rule sets, the answer is, negligible. For those of you that need - actual measurements to satisfy your curiosity, read on. - - <p>The following measurements were made using 2.2.5-STABLE on - a 486-66. IPFW was modified to measure the time spent within - the <tt/ip_fw_chk/ routine, displaying the results to the console - every 1000 packets. - - <p>Two rule sets, each with 1000 rules were tested. The first set - was designed to demonstrate a worst case scenario by repeating the - rule: - - <verb> - ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555 - </verb> - - <p>This demonstrates worst case by causing most of IPFW's packet - check routine to be executed before finally deciding that the - packet does not match the rule (by virtue of the port number). - Following the 999th iteration of this rule was an <tt>allow ip - from any to any</tt>. - - <p>The second set of rules were designed to abort the rule - check quickly: - - <verb> - ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4 - </verb> - - <p>The nonmatching source IP address for the above rule causes - these rules to be skipped very quickly. As before, the 1000th - rule was an <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>. - - <p>The per-packet processing overhead in the former case was - approximately 2.703ms/packet, or roughly 2.7 microseconds per - rule. Thus the theoretical packet processing limit with these - rules is around 370 packets per second. Assuming 10Mbps ethernet - and a ~1500 byte packet size, we would only be able to achieve a - 55.5% bandwidth utilization. - - <p>For the latter case each packet was processed in - approximately 1.172ms, or roughly 1.2 microseconds per rule. - The theoretical packet processing limit here would be about - 853 packets per second, which could consume 10Mbps ethernet - bandwidth. - - <p>The excessive number of rules tested and the nature of those - rules do not provide a real-world scenario -- they were used only - to generate the timing information presented here. Here are a - few things to keep in mind when building an efficient rule set: - - <itemize> - - <item>Place an `established' rule early on to handle the - majority of TCP traffic. Don't put any <tt>allow tcp</tt> - statements before this rule. - - <item>Place heavily triggered rules earlier in the rule - set than those rarely used (<bf>without changing the - permissiveness of the firewall</bf>, of course). You can see - which rules are used most often by examining the packet counting - statistics with <tt>ipfw -a l</tt>. - - </itemize> - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I redirect service requests from one machine to another? - </heading> - - <p>You can redirect FTP (and other service) request with the 'socket' - package, available in the ports tree in category 'sysutils'. - Simply replace the service's commandline to call socket instead, like so: - -<verb> -ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp -</verb> - - <p>where 'ftp.foo.com' and 'ftp' are the host and port to redirect to, - respectively. - - <sect1> - <heading>Where can I get a bandwidth management tool?</heading> - - <p>There are two bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. - <url url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html" - name="ALTQ"> is available for free; Bandwidth Manager from - <url url="http://www.etinc.com" name="Emerging Technologies"> is - a commercial product. - - - <sect1> - <heading>Why do I get ``/dev/bpf0: device not configured"?</heading> - - <p>The Berkeley Packet Filter <htmlurl - url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bpf" name="(bpf)"> driver - needs to be enabled before running programs that utilize it. - Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: - - <verb> - pseudo-device bpfilter # Berkeley Packet Filter+ </verb> - - <p>Secondly, after rebooting you will have to create the device - node. This can be accomplished by a change to the <tt>/dev</tt> - directory, followed by the execution of: - - <tscreen><verb> - # sh MAKEDEV bpf0+ </verb></tscreen> - - <p>Please see the <htmlurl url="../handbook/kernelconfig:nodes.html" - name="handbook's entry on device nodes"> for more information - on creating devices. - </sect> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 4cda26fbd3..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,552 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: preface.sgml,v 1.4 1999-03-01 08:57:28 foxfair Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> -<!-- English Version: 1.28 --> - - <sect> - <heading>«e¨¥<label id="preface"></heading> - - <p>Åwªï¨Ó¨ì FreeBSD 2.X FAQ¡I - - <sect1> - <heading>¼g³o¥÷ FAQ ªº¥Øªº¬O¤°»ò¡H</heading> - - <p>¸ò¨ä¥L Usenet ¤Wªº FAQ ¤@¼Ë¡A³o¥÷¤å¥ó¥Dn²[»\¤F¦³Ãö FreeBSD ³o®M§@ - ·~¨t²Î³Ì±`³Q°Ý¨ìªº°ÝÃD (·íµM¥]¬A¤F¦^µª¡I)¡CÁöµM»¡§ÚÌ¥»¨Óªº¥Øªº¬O¬°¤F - ´î¤Öºô¸ôÀW¼eªº®ö¶O¥H¤ÎÁקK¦P¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¤@¦A¥X²{¡A¦ý¬O FAQ ¤w¸g³Qµø¬°¬O¤@ - ºØ«Ü¦³»ùȪº¸ê°T¤F¡C - - <p>§Ṳ́w¸g¾¨¥i¯à¦a¨Ï³o¥÷ FAQ §óÂ×´I¤F¡F¦pªG±z¹ï¦p¦ó¨Ï¨ä§ó¶i¨B¦³¥ô¦ó - «Øij¡A½ÐÀH®É±H¹q¤l¶l¥óµ¹ <url url="mailto:FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG" - name="FAQ ºûÅ@ªÌ">¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>¤°»ò¬O FreeBSD¡H</heading> - - <p>²³æ¦a¨Ó»¡¡AFreeBSD 2.X ¬O¤@®M®Ú¾Ú U.C. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 7a025ed3f5..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,488 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: serial.sgml,v 1.3 1999-03-01 08:57:28 foxfair Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> -<!-- English Version: 1.4 --> - - <sect> - <heading>Serial ³q°T<label id="serial"></heading> - - <p>³o¤@³¹¥Dn¬O¦b°Q½× FreeBSD ¤W¦³Ãö serial ³q°Tªº°ÝÃD¡C¦³Ãö PPP ¥H¤Î - SLIP ªº°ÝÃD¬O©ñ¦b <ref id="networking" name="ºô¸ô"> ³o¤@¸`¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún«ç»òª¾¹D FreeBSD ¬O¤£¬O¦³§ì¨ì§Úªº serial port¡H</heading> - - <p>·í FreeBSD ¶}¾÷ªº®ÉÔ¡A¥¦·|®Ú¾Ú±z¦b kernel ¤¤ªº³]©w¨Ó°»´ú±zªº - serial port¡C±z¥i¥H¦b³o¨Ç°T®§¥X²{ªº®ÉÔÀˬd¡A¤]¥i¥H¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷¤§«á¥Î - ¤U±ªº«ü¥O¨ÓÆ[¹î¡G - - <verb> - dmesg | grep sio - </verb> - - <p>³o¸Ì¦³¤@¨Ç¿é¥Xªº½d¨Ò¡G - - <verb> - sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa - sio0: type 16550A - sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa - sio1: type 16550A - </verb> - - <p>³o¥Nªí±z¦³¨âÓ serial port¡C²Ä¤@Ó port ¦û¥Î irq 4¡Aport address ¬O - <tt/0x3f8/ ¡A¦Ó¥B¥Îªº¬O 16550A «¬ªº UART ´¹¤ù¡C²Ä¤GÓ port ¥Îªº¬O¦P - «¬ªº´¹¤ù¡A¤£¹L¥¦¦û¥Îªº¬O irq 3 ¡A¥¦ªº port address ¦b <tt/0x2f8/ ¡C - ¤º±µ¦¡ modem ¥d·|³Q¿ëÃѦ¨¬O serial port -- °ß¤@ªº®t§O´N¬O¸Ó port ¤W - Á`¬O±µ¤W modem ¦Ó¤w¡C - - <p><tt/GENERIC/ kernel ¤ä´©¨âÓ serial port ¡A¥¦Ìªº³]©wÈ´N¦p¦P¤W±ªº - ½d¨Ò¤@¼Ë¡C¦pªG±z¨t²Î¤Wªº³]©w¤£¤@¼Ë¡A©ÎªÌ±z¥t¥~±µ¤F¤º±µ¦¡ modem ¥d¡A - ©Î¬O±z¨t²Îªº¹ê»Ú serial port ¼Æ¤ñ±z¦b kernel ³]©w¤¤ªºÁÙn¦hªº¸Ü¡A±z - ¥un«·s«Ø¥ß kernel ´N¦n¤F¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý <ref id="make-kernel" - name="¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß kernel"> ¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún«ç»òª¾¹D FreeBSD ¬O¤£¬O¦³§ì¨ì§Úªº modem ¥d¡H</heading> - - <p>½Ð¬Ý¤W¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¤É¯Å¨ì 2.0.5 ¥H«á§Úªº <tt/tty0X/ ©~µM¤£¨£¤F¡I</heading> - - <p>¤£nºò±i¡A¥¦Ì¤w¸g³Q¨Ö¨ì <tt/ttydX/ ¸Ë¸m¤U¥h¤F¡C¤£¹L±zÁÙ¬O±o¨ì¦Û¤v - קï³]©wÀɤ~¯àÅý¥¦Ì¥¿±`¤u§@¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD ¤U¦s¨ú seral ports¡H</heading> - - <p>²Ä¤TÓ serial port¡A<htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio2"> (´N¬O DOS - ¤Uªº COM3) ¡A¥H dial-out ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¬Ý¬O¦ì©ó <tt>/dev/cuaa2</tt> ¡A¦Ó¥H - dial-in ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¬Ý«h¬O¦ì©ó <tt>/dev/ttyd2</tt> ¡C³o¨âӸ˸m¦³¤°»ò¤£¦P - ©O¡H - - <p>±z¦b dial-in ®É¨Ï¥Îªº¬O <tt/ttydX/ ¡C·í±z¥Î block ¼Ò¦¡¶}±Ò - <tt>/dev/ttydX</tt> ®É¡A·|¦³¤@°¦ process ¦b¹ïÀ³ªº <tt/cuaaX/ ¤Wµ¥¥¦ - Åܦ¨ inactive ¡AµM«á¤@ª½µ¥¨ì carrier detect line Åܦ¨ active ¬°¤î¡C - ·í±z¶}±Ò <tt/cuaaX/ ¸Ë¸m®É¡A¥¦·|¥h½T©w¥Ø«e <tt/ttydX/ ¸Ë¸m¬O¤£¬O¥¿ - ¦b¨Ï¥Î serial port¡C¦pªG¥¦¥i¥H¥Îªº¸Ü¡A¥¦´N·|§â serial port ±q - <tt/ttydX/ ¸Ë¸m¤â¤¤·m¹L¨Ó¡C¦P¼Ëªº¡A<tt/cuaXX/ ¸Ë¸m¤£·|¥hºÞ carrier - detect¡C¦³¤F³o¼Ëªº³]p¡A¦A¥[¤W¤@¥x·|¦Û°Ê¦^À³ªº modem¡A±z´N¥i¥H¥O¦P - ¤@¥x modem ¥i¥H³Q»·ºÝ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ®³¨Óµn¤J¡A±z¦Û¤v¤]¥i¥H®³¨Ó dialout¡A¨t²Î - ·|¦Û°ÊÀˬd¬O§_¦³½Ä¬ðªº²{¶H¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún¦p¦ó±Ò°Ê¹ï serial ¦h°ð¥dªº¤ä´©¡H</heading> - - <p>¦P¼Ëªº¡A¦b kernel ³]©w¨º¤@¸`¦³´£¨ì¦³Ãö³]©w kernel ªº¸ê°T¡Cn³]©w¤@ - ±i serial ¦h°ð¥d¡A±z¥²»Ý¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¬°¨C¤@Ó serial port - ³£³]¤@¦æ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" - name="sio"> ªº³]©w¡C¦ý¬O±z¥u¯à¦b¥¦Ì¤§¤¤¿ï¤@Ó¨Ó³]©w irq ¥H¤Î - vector ¡C¥d¤Wªº©Ò¦³ port ·|¦@¨É¦P¤@Ó irq ¡C¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡§Ú̳£§â¥¦³]¦b³Ì - «á¤@Ó serial port ¤W¡C¤£n§Ñ¤F«ü©w <tt/COM_MULTIPORT/ ³oÓ - option ¡C - - <p>¤U±¬O¤@Ó§â AST 4-port ¥d ³]¦b irq 7 ªº¨Ò¤l¡G - - <verb> - options "COM_MULTIPORT" - device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781 - device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781 - device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781 - device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr - </verb> - - <p>³o¸Ìªº flags ³]©w¬O«ü master port ªº minor number ¬O 7 - (<tt/0x700/)¡A¦b°»´ú®É°µÀˬd (<tt/0x080/)¡A¥H¤Î©Ò¦³ªº port ¦@¨É¤@Ó - irq (<tt/0x001/) ¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD ¥i¥H±±¨î¦h±i serial ¦h°ð¥d¨Ï¥Î¦P¤@Ó irq ¶Ü¡H</heading> - - <p>ÁÙ¨S¤ä´©¡C±z¥²»Ý¬°¨C±i¥d³]©w¤£¦Pªº irq ¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¬° port ³]©w¹w³]°Ñ¼Æ¶Ü¡H</heading> - - <p>³q±`±z·|·Q¬°±zªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¶}±Ò <tt/ttydX/ (©Î¬O <tt/cuaaX/) ¸Ë¸m¡C·í - ¤@Ó process ¶}±Ò¸Ë¸m¥H«á¡A¥¦·|¦³¤@²Õ¹w³]ªº²×ºÝ¾÷ I/O ³]©w¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î - ¤U±³oÓ«ü¥O¨ÓÆ[¹î³o¨Ç³]©w - - <verb> - stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1 - </verb> - - <p>·í±z§ïÅܤF¬YӸ˸mªº³]©w«á¡A³o¨Ç³]©w·|¤@ª½§@¥Î¡Aª½¨ì³oӸ˸m³QÃö³¬ - ¤F¬°¤î¡C·í¥¦³Q«¶}±Ò«á¡A¤S¦^¨ìì¥ýªº¹w³]ȤF¡C¦pªG·Qn§ïÅܹw³]È¡A±z - ¥i¥H¶}±Ò¨Ãקï ``ªì©lª¬ºA'' ¸Ë¸mªº³]©w¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG±z·Q§ïÅÜ ttyd5 - ªº¹w³]È¡A§â <tt/CLOCAL/ ¼Ò¦¡¥´¶}¡A8 bits¡A¨Ã¥B¨Ï¥Î - <tt>XON/XOFF</tt> ¬y¶q±±¨î¡A±z¥i¥H³o¼Ë°µ¡G - - <verb> - stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff - </verb> - - <p>±z¥i¥H¦b <tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> ¸Ì°µ³o¼Ëªº³]©w¡C²{¦b¨C¤@Ó¶}±Ò - <tt/ttyd5/ ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£·|¹w³]¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç³]©w¤F¡C±z¨ÌµM¥i¥H¥Î¦P¼Ëªº¤èªk - ¥h§ïÅܳo¨Ç³]©w¡C - - <p>±z¤]¥i¥HÂǥѳ]©w ``Âê©wª¬ºA'' ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¨¾¤î¨ä¥LÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¥h§ó°Ê³o¨Ç³]©w - ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A·Qn§â <tt/ttyd5/ ªº³t«×Âê©w¦b 57600 bps¡A±zn³o¼Ë°µ - - <verb> - stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600 - </verb> - - <p>³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¡A¨C¤@Ó¶}±Ò <tt/ttyd5/ ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£¥u¯à¨Ï¥Î 57600 bps ªº³t - «×¤F¡C - - <p>·íµM¡A±z¥²»Ý½T©w±zªºªì©lª¬ºA¥H¤ÎÂê©wª¬ºAªº¸Ë¸m¥u¯à³Q <tt/root/ ¼g¤J - ¡C<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV" - name="MAKEDEV"> ³oÓ script ¨Ã <bf/¤£·|/ ¦b«Ø¥ß³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m®É¦Û°ÊÀ°±z³] - ©w¦n¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún«ç¼Ë¤~¯àÅý modem ±µ¨ü dialup µn¤J©O¡H</heading> - - <p>±z¬O¤£¬O·Q·í ISP¡Hº¥ý¡A±zn¦³¤@³¡¥H¤W¥i¥H¦Û°Ê±µÅ¥ªº modem¡C±zªº - modem ¥²¶·n¦³ carrier-detect ªº¥\¯à¡C¥¦¤]n¯à°÷¦b data terminal - ready (<tt/DTR/) ¥Ñ¶}ÂରÃö®É«·s³]©w¦Û¤v¡C¥¦©Î³\¤]n¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î - <tt>RTS/CTS</tt> ¬y¶q±±¨î©Î¬O¤£°µ¥ô¦ó¬y¶q±±¨î¡C³Ì«á¡A¥¦¥²¶·¯à°÷¦b¹q - ¸£©M¥¦¦Û¤vªº¶Ç¿é¤¤¨Ï¥Î©w³t¡A¦ý¬O¦b¥¦©M»·ºÝ modem ªº³s½u¤è±«hn¦³¨ó - °Ó¶Ç¿é³t«×ªº¯à¤O¡C - - <p>¹ï Hayes «ü¥O¶°¬Û®e modem ¨Ó»¡¡A¤U±ªº«ü¥O·|§â¤W¤@¬q©ÒÁ¿ªº¥þ³¡³]¦n - ¨Ã¦s¦b«D´§µo©Ê°O¾ÐÅ餤¡G - - <verb> - AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W - </verb> - - <p>¬Ý¬Ý¤U±ªº <ref id="direct-at" name="¶Ç°e AT «ü¥O¶°"> ³o¤@¸`¥i¥H±o - §ó¦h¦³Ãö¦p¦ó¤£§Q¥Î MS-DOS ²×ºÝµ{¦¡¨Ó°µ³o¨Ç³]©wªº¸ê®Æ¡C - - <p>±µ¤U¨Ó¡A¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" - name="/etc/ttys"> ¬°±zªº modem °µ³]©w¡C¦C¦b³oÓÀɮפ¤ªº¬O©Ò¦³¨t²Î·| - «Ý login ªº ports ¡C¹³¤U±³o¼Ë¥[¤J¤@¦æ¡G - - <verb> - ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure - </verb> - - <p>³o¤@¦æ«ü¥O²Ä¤GÓ serial port (<tt>/dev/ttyd1</tt>) ¬O¤@Ó¥H 57600 - bps ³t«×¦b¶Ç¿éªº modem¡A¨Ã¥B¤£°µ¦P¦ìÀˬd (<tt/std.57600/ ¬O¦b - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab" - name="/etc/gettytab"> Àɸ̫ü©wªº) ¡C³oÓ port ªº²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¬O - ``dialup'' ¡C³oÓ port ³]¦¨ ``on'' ¦Ó¥B¬O ``insecure'' ªº --- ·N«ä¬O - root ¤£¯à±q³o¸Ì³s½u¶i¨Ó¡C±z¥²»Ý¬°¨CÓ dialin port ³£°µÃþ¦ü - <tt/ttydX/ ªº³]©w¡C - - <p>³q±`§ÚÌ·|¥Î ``dialup'' ¨Ó°µ¬°²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¡C¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌµn¤J®Éªº±Ò©l«¬ - ºA¬O dialup ªº¸Ü¡A«Ü¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£·|¦b¥L̪º .profile ©Î¬O .login Àɤ¤³] - ©w¥L̯u¥¿ªº²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¡C¤W±ªº¨Ò¤l¤¤§ÚÌÁ|ªº¬O insecure ªº¨Ò¤l¡C¦pªG - ±z·Qn¦b³oÓ port Åܦ¨ root ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·¥Î¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¨¥÷µn¤J¡AµM«á - ``<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?su" name="su">'' - ¦¨ <tt/root/ ¡C¦pªG±z¥Îªº¬O ``secure'' ªº¸Ü¡A«h <tt/root/ ¥i¥Hª½±µµn - ¤J¡C - - <p>¦b¹ï <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" - name="/etc/ttys"> °µ¹Lק蠟«á¡A±z¥²¶·°e¤@Ó hangup ©Î¬O <tt/HUP/ - ªº signal µ¹ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?init" - name="init"> process¡G - - <verb> - kill -HUP 1 - </verb> - - <p>³o¼Ë·|±j¢ init process ¥h«Åª <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> ¡C - µM«á init process ´N·|¦b©Ò¦³ªº ``on'' port ¤W«·s±Ò°Ê getty - process ¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¨ÓÀˬd±zªº port ¬O¤£¬O¥i¥H login ¤F - - <verb> - ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1' - </verb> - - <p>±z·|¨£¨ìÃþ¦ü³o¼Ëªºµ²ªG¡G - - <verb> - 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1 - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún«ç»ò§â dumb terminal ³s¤W FreeBSD¡H</heading> - - <p>¦pªG±zn§â§Oªº¹q¸£·í¦¨¬O FreeBSD ªº²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥u»Ýn¦b¨âªÌªº - serial port ¤§¶¡²o¤@±ø null modem ±Æ½u§Y¥i¡C¦pªG±z¦³¤@Ó¯uªº²×ºÝ¾÷ - ªº¸Ü¡A¬Ý¬Ý¥¦ªº«ü¥O¶°§a¡C - - <p>µM«á¡A¹³¤W¤@Ó°ÝÃD¤@¼Ëקï - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" - name="/etc/ttys"> ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG±z§â¤@Ó WYSE-50 ²×ºÝ¾÷±µ¦b²Ä¤Ó - serial port ¤Wªº¸Ü¡A´Nn¥Î³o¼Ëªº³]©w¡G - - <verb> - ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure - </verb> - - <p>³oÓ¨Ò¤l¥Ü½dªº¬O <tt>/dev/ttyd4</tt> ©Ò¥Nªíªº port ¥Îªº¬O wyse50 ²× - ºÝ¾÷¡A³s½u³t«× 38400 bps¡A¤£¨Ï¥Î¦P¦ìÀˬd (<tt/std.38400/ ¬O±q - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab" - name="/etc/gettytab"> ³]©wªº) ¦Ó¥B <tt/root/ ¥i¥H login (secure) ¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à°õ¦æ <tt/tip/ ¤Î <tt/cu/ ©O¡H</heading> - - <p>¦b±zªº¨t²Î¤¤¡A<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" - name="tip"> ©M <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" - name="cu"> «Ü¥i¯à¥u¯à¥Ñ <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uucp" name="uucp"> ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©M - <tt/dialer/ ¸s²Õ¤~¯à°õ¦æ¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î <tt/dialer/ ¸s²Õ¨Ó±±¨î¨ì©³¦³½Ö¥i - ¥H¦s¨ú±zªº modem ¥H¤Î»·ºÝ¨t²Î¡C±z¥un§â±z¦Û¤v¥[¨ì dialer ¸s²Õ¤¤´N¥i - ¥H¤F¡C - - <p>¥t¥~¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¡A±z¥i¥HÅý±z¨t²Î¤W©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¥i¥H°õ¦æ <tt/tip/ ©M - <tt/cu/ ¡A¥un±z - - <verb> - # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu - # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD ¤£¤ä´©§Úªº stock Hayes modem --- §Ún«ç»ò¿ì¡H</heading> - - <p>¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" - name="tip"> ªº man page ¤w¸g¹L®É¤F¡C¤@¯ëªº Hayes dialer ¤w¸g¤º«Ø¦b¨t - ²Î¤º¡C±z¥un¦b <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> - «ü©w ``<tt/at=hayes/'' ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C - - <p>¥i±¤ªº¬O¡AHayes ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£°÷Áo©ú¡A¦³¨Ç·s modem ¤Wªº¶i¶¥¥\¯à¥¦µLªk - ¿ëÃÑ¥X¨Ó --- ¨Ò¦p <tt/BUSY/ ¡A<tt/NO DIALTONE/ ¡A©Î¬O - <tt/CONNECT 115200/ ³oÃþªº°T®§¥¦´N·|·d²V¡C±z¦b¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> ªº®ÉÔ¥²¶· - §â¥¦ÌÃö±¼ (¥Î <tt/ATX0&W/) ¡C - - <p>ÁÙ¦³¡A<tt/tip/ ªº dial ¹O®É®É¶¡¬O 60 ¬í¡C±zªº modem ¥i¯àn³]±o§óµu¡A - §_«h tip ·|»{¬°µo¥Í¤F³q°T¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡C¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý<tt/ATS7=45&W/ ¡C - - <p>¨Æ¹ê¤W <tt/tip/ ÁÙ¨S¦³§¹¥þ¤ä´©¥¦¡C¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¬O¥hקï - <tt>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº <tt/tipconf.h/ ¡C«ÜÅãµM±z - ¥²¶·n¦³ì©lµ{¦¡½X¤~¯à³o»ò°µ¡C - - <p>§â ``<tt/#define HAYES 0/'' §ï¦¨ ``<tt/#define HAYES 1/'' ¡CµM«á - ``<tt/make/'' ¨Ã ``<tt/make install/'' ¡C¤§«á¤@¤Á³£·|«ì´_¥¿±`¤F¡C - - <sect1> - <heading> - §Ú¤°»ò®ÉÔnª½±µÁä¤J AT «ü¥O¡H<label id="direct-at"> - </heading> - - <p>¦b±zªº <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" - name="/etc/remote"> Àɸ̥[¤@Ó ``<tt/direct/'' ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG±zªº - modem ³s±µ¦b²Ä¤@Ó serial port¡A<tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>¡A«h±zn¥[¤J¤U± - ³o¤@¦æ¡G - - <verb> - cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none - </verb> - - <p>¦b br Ä椤³]©w±z modem ©Ò¤ä´©ªº³Ì°ª³t¡C¤§«á¡AÁä¤J <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip cuaa0"> ¤§«á - ±z´N³s¤W±zªº modem ¤F¡C - - <p>¦pªG±zªº¨t²Î¤W¨S¦³ <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt> ¡A±z´N¥ý³o¼Ë¡G - - <verb> - # cd /dev - # ./MAKEDEV cuaa0 - </verb> - - <p>©Î¬O±z¥i¥H¥Î root °õ¦æ cu «ü¥O¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G - - <verb> - # cu -l``line'' -s``speed'' - </verb> - - <p>³o¸Ìªº line ¬O«ü±zªº serial port (¨Ò¦p <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>) ¡Aspeed - ¬O«ü±zªº¶Ç¿é³t«× (¨Ò¦p <tt>57600</tt>) ¡C¦pªG±z¤U§¹ AT «ü¥O«á¡AÁä¤J - <tt>~.</tt> ¥i¥HÂ÷¶}¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>pn Ä椤ªº <tt/@/ ¤£¯à¥Î¤F¡I</heading> - - <p>¹q¸Ü¸¹½XÄ椤ªº <tt/@/ °O¸¹¬O¥Î¨Ó§i¶D tip ¥h <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones(5)" - name="/etc/phones"> §ä¹q¸Ü¸¹½X¡C¦ý¬O <tt/@/ ¦P®É¤]¬O <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> - ³oÃþÀɮפ¤ªº¯S®í¦r¤¸¡C±z¥i¥H¥[¤W¤Ï±×½u¡G - - <verb> - pn=\@ - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún«ç»ò¦b©R¥O¦C¤U¼·¹q¸Ü©O¡H</heading> - - <p>¦b±zªº <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" - name="/etc/remote"> ©ñ¤@Ó ``<tt/generic/''¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡G - - <verb> - tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - </verb> - - <p>µM«á±z´N¥i¥H¹³ ``<tt/tip -115200 5551234/'' ³o¼Ë¥Î¤F¡C¦pªG±z¤ñ¸û³ß - Åw¥Î <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" name="cu"> - ªº¸Ü¡A¨Ï¥Î generic cu Äæ¦ì¡G - - <verb> - cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - </verb> - - <p>µM«á¿é¤J ``<tt/cu 5551234 -s 115200/'' ¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú¨C¦¸¥Îªº®ÉÔ³£n¿é¤J bps ³t«×¶Ü¡H</heading> - - <p>±z¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎÃþ¦ü <tt/tip1200/ ©Î¬O <tt/cu1200/ ªºÄæ¦ì¡A¤£¹L¦b±z¨Ï¥Î¤§ - «e½Ð¥ý½T©w±zªº br Äæ¥i¥H¤ä´©³oÓ³t«×¡C<htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> »{¬° 1200 - bps ¬O¤@ӫܦnªº¹w³]È¡A³o¤]´N¬O¬°¤°»òn¥s°µ ``<tt/tip1200/'' ªºì¦] - ¤F¡C·íµM±z¤]¥i¥H¤£n¥Î 1200 bps ¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>³z¹L¤@¥x terminal server ¨Ó¦s¨ú¥D¾÷¡C</heading> - - <p>°£¤F¨C¦¸µ¥±z³s¤W server ¨ÃÁä¤J ``<tt/CONNECT <host>/'' ¥H¥~¡A - ¤ñ¸û¦nªº¤èªk¬O¥Î tip ªº <tt/cm/ ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote">¡G - 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<verb> - * §Ú¤@ª½¦¬¨ì¦³Ãö "Local configuration error" ªº«H¥ó¡A¨Ò¦p: - - 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself - 554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error - - §Ún¦p¦ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD? - - ±z§Q¥Î MX ³]©w¡AÅýn±H¨ì¬Y domain (¦p: domain.net) ªº«H¥ó¡A - ±H¨ì±z©Ò«ü©wªº¾÷¾¹ (¦b³oÓ¨Ò¤l¤¤¬° relay.domain.net)¡A¦ý¬O³o - ³¡¾÷¾¹¨Ã¥¼³Q³]©w±µ¨ü domain.net ªº«H¥ó¡C§â domain.net ¥[¨ì - /etc/sendmail.cw ¤¤ (¦pªG±z¦³¨Ï¥Î FEATURE(use_cw_file)) ©Î¬O - ¦b sendmail.cf ¤¤¥[¤J "Cw domain.net" - </verb> - - <p><url - url="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" - name="sendmail FAQ"> ²{¦b¤w¤£¦AÀHµÛ sendmail "¥X³f"¡C - ¥¦¥Ø«e¬O³Q©w´Áªºµoªí¦b: - <url url="news:comp.mail.sendmail" name="comp.mail.sendmail">¡A - <url url="news:comp.mail.misc" name="comp.mail.misc">¡A - <url url="news:comp.mail.smail" name="comp.mail.smail">¡A - <url url="news:comp.answers" name="comp.answers">¡A©M - <url url="news:news.answers" name="news.answers">¡C - ±z¤]¥i¥H±H¤@«Ê Email ¨ì - <url url="mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu" - name="mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu">¡AµM«á¦b«H¥ó¤º¤å¤¤¼g¤W - "send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" ³oÓ«ü¥O - ¥H¨ú±o³o¥÷¤å¥ó¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹(remote machine)°õ¦æ¥þ¿Ã¹õªº³nÅé®É¡A¦³¤£¥¿±`ªº±¡§Î¡I - </heading> - <p>©Î³\»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¨Ã«D±N±zªº²×ºÝ¾÷§ÎºA³]¬° FreeBSD console ©Ò¥Î - ªº <tt>cons25</tt>¡A¦Ó¬O³]¬°¨ä¥¦ºØÃþ¡C - <p>³o¨à¦³´XӸѨM³oÓ°ÝÃDªº¤èªk: - <itemize> - <item>¦b logging ¶i»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹«á¡A§ó§ï±zªº shell ÅÜ¼Æ TERM ¬° - <tt>ansi</tt> ©Î¬O <tt>sco</tt>¡C - <item>¦b local ºÝ¥Î¤@¨Ç¥i¥H¼ÒÀÀ VT100 ªº¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¡A¦p <htmlurl - url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?screen-" name="screen">¡C - <tt>screen</tt> ´£¨Ñ±z¦b¤@Ó terminal ùئP®É¶]¦n´XÓ session - ªº¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¥»¨¤]¬O¤@Ó¬Û·í¦nªº³nÅé¡C - <item>¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¸ê®Æ®w(terminal database)¤¤¥[¤J - <tt>cons25</tt> ªº¸ê®Æ¡C - <item>±Ò°Ê X µM«á§Q¥Î <tt>xterm</tt> ¨Ó login ¶i»·ºÝªº¾÷¾¹¡C - </itemize> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤@ª½Åã¥Ü "calcru: negative time..."</heading> - <p>¸ò¤¤Â_ ¡]interrupt¡^ ¦³Ãöªº¤£¦PµwÅé »P/©Î ³nÅ骺·f°t³£¦³¥i¯à³y¦¨ - ³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C³o¦³¥i¯à¬O bug ©Î¬O¬YӸ˸m¥»¨ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b¥¦æ°ð¤W¨Ï¥Î - ¤jªº MTU ¨Ó§@ TCP/IP ¶Ç¿é¥i¥H«²{³oÓ°ÝÃD¡CY¬O¹Ï§Î¥[³t¥d³y¦¨³oÓ - °ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó¥ýÀˬd¥dªº¤¤Â_³]©w¡C - - <p>³oÓ°ÝÃDªºÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³¬O·|³y¦¨¦³¨Ç process ¥X²{ - "SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit" ªº°T®§¡A¦Ó¤£¥¿±`¤¤Â_ - - <p>Yª©¥»¬O 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 29 ¤é¥H«áªº FreeBSD 3.0¡A¦pªG³oÓ - °ÝÃD¤@ª½µLªk¥H¨ä¥L¤èªk¸Ñ¨M¡A´N¥u¯à³]©w sysctl ÅܼơG -<verb> - sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1 -</verb> - <p> ³o¼Ë·|¹ï®Ä¯à¦³¨Ç¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬OY¦Ò¼{¨ì³oÓ°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«áªG¡A³o¼Ë°µ¬OÈ - ±oªº¡C¦pªG³oÓ°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A±N sysctl ¨ºÓȨ̵M³]¬° 1¡AµM«á - ¼W¥[ kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ "NTIMECOUNTER" ³oӿﶵªº¼ÆÈ¡C¦pªG±z±N - "NTIMECOUNTER" ¼W¥[¨ì 20 ¨ÌµMµLªk¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò±z¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¤¤Â_ - ¤w¸g¦h¨ìµLªk«O«ùéwªºª¬ºA¤F¡C - </sect> - diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 76388d0af5..0000000000 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,335 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: x.sgml,v 1.4 1999-03-01 08:57:28 foxfair Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> -<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> -<!-- English Version: 1.6 --> - - <sect> - <heading>X Window System ¤Î Virtual Consoles<label id="x"></heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ú·Qn°õ¦æ X ¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò°µ¡H</heading> - - <p>³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¦b¦w¸Ë¨t²Îªº®ÉÔ¤@¨Ö¦w¸Ë¡C - - <p>µM«á¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl url= - "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xf86config" - name="xf86config ªº man page"> ¡A³oÓµ{¦¡¥i¥HÀ°±z³]©w XFree86(tm) ¨Ï¥¦ - ¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î±zªºÅã¥Ü¥d/·Æ¹« µ¥¶gÃä¡C - - <p>±z©Î³\¤]·Q¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý Xaccel server ¡A¥¦¥i¥H¥H«D±`¦X²zªº»ù®æ¨ú±o¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý - <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> ³o¤@¬q¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡H<label id="x-and-moused"></heading> - - <p>¦pªG±z¥Îªº¬O syscons (¤º©wªº console ÅX°Êµ{¦¡) ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ³]©w - FreeBSD ¨ÓÅý¥¦¤ä´©¦b¨CÓ virtual console ¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡C¬°¤FÁקK©M X ²£¥Í½Ä - ¬ð¡Asyscons ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@Ó¥s°µ``<tt>/dev/sysmouse</tt>''ªºµêÀÀ¸Ë¸m¡C©Ò¦³·Æ - ¹«²£¥Íªº event ³£·|§Q¥Î MouseSystems ³oÓ¨ó©w¨Ó¶Ç¨ì sysmouse ³oӸ˸m - ¡C¦pªG±z§Æ±æ¦b¤@Ó©Î¥H¤Wªº virtual console ¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡A<bf/¨Ã¥B/ ¯à°÷ - ¨Ï¥Î X ªº¸Ü¡A§ÚÌ«Øij±z³o¼Ë³]©w¡G - - <verb> - /etc/rc.conf: - moused_type=ps/2 # or whatever your actual type is - moused_port=/dev/psm0 # or whatever your real port is - moused_flags= - - /etc/XF86Config - Section Pointer - Protocol "MouseSystems" - Device "/dev/sysmouse" - ..... - </verb> - - <p>¦³¨Ç¤H¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¦b³]©w X ªº®ÉԥΠ"<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" ³oӸ˸m¡C¦p - ªG±znÅý¥¦¯à°÷¥¿±`¤u§@ªº¸Ü¡A±z´N¥²¶·§â "<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" ³sµ²¨ì - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysmouse" - name="/dev/sysmouse">¡G - - <verb> - # cd /dev - # rm -f mouse - # ln -s sysmouse mouse - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>X Window ªº¿ï³æ©M¹ï¸Ü®Ø¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¡I</heading> - - <p>§â Num Lock Ãö±¼¸Õ¸Õ¡C - - <p>¦pªG±zªº Num Lock ¦b¶}¾÷®Éªº¹w³]ȬO¶}µÛªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì - <tt/XF86Config/ ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº "<tt/Keyboard/" ³¡¥÷¡C - - <verb> - # Let the server do the NumLock processing. 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¡A¦b "Virtual terminals" ³oÓµù¸Ñ«á±¥[¤J "<tt/ttyv4/" ¨ì "<tt/ttyvc/" - ªºÄæ¦ì¡G - - <verb> - # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change - # "off" to "on". - ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - </verb> - - <p>±z·Q¥Î´XÓ´N³]´XÓ¡C±z³]¶V¦h virtual terminal ¡A¥¦Ì´N¥Î±¼¶V¦h¨t²Î - ¸ê·½¡F¦pªG±z¥u¦³¤£¨ì 8MB ªº°O¾ÐÅ骺¸Ü¡A³o¼vÅT´N¤j¤F¡C±z¥i¯à¤]·|·Q§â - "<tt/secure/" ´«¦¨ "<tt/insecure/" ¡C - - <p><bf/IMPORTANT NOTE/ ¦pªG±z·Qn°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A±z <bf/¥²¶·/ ¬°¥¦«O¯d ( - ©ÎÃö±¼) ¦Ü¤Ö¤@Ó virtual terminal ¡C³o´N¬O»¡¡A¦pªG±z·Q¦b«ö¤Q¤GÓ Alt - ¥\¯àÁä®É³£¦³ login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A¦Ó¥B¤S¦b¦P¤@³¡¹q¸£¤W¤]·Q°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò - 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- <verb> - kill -HUP 1 - </verb> - - <p>·í±z°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O«e¡A±z¤@©wn§¹¥þ§â X Window Ãö±¼¡C¦pªG±z¤£³o»ò°µªº - ¸Ü¡A±zªº¨t²Î¥i¯à·|¦b±z°õ¦æ kill ©R¥O«á¥X²{·í±¼©ÎÂꦺªº±¡ªp¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún«ç»ò±q X ¤Á´«¨ì virtual console¡H</heading> - - <p>¦pªG±z¿Ã¹õ¤W¥¿¦bÅã¥Ü X Window ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î Ctrl-Alt-F1 µ¥«öÁä¨Ó¤Á - ´«¨ì virtual console ¡Cª`·N¡A¤@¥¹±z±q X Window ¤Á´«¨ì¥ô¤@Ó virtual - console ¤§«á¡A±z´N¥i¥H¥u¥Î Alt- ¥\¯àÁä¨Ó¤Á´«¨ì¨ä¥L virtual terminal ©Î - ¬O¤Á¦^ X Window ¡C±z¤£¥²¦P®É«öµÛ Ctrl Áä¡C¦pªG¦b¤ñ¸ûªºª©¥»¤¤±z¥Î - Ctrl Áä¨Ó¤Á¦^ X Window ªº¸Ü¡A±z·|µo²{±zªº¤å¦r¿Ã¹õ³Q¥d¦b "control-lock" - ¼Ò¦¡¤U¡C±z¥u»Ýn¦A«ö¤@¦¸±±¨îÁä´N¥i¥H«ì´_쪬¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Ún«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¦b¶}¾÷®É±Ò°Ê XDM¡H</heading> - - <p>¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H±Ò°Ê <htmlurl url= - "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xdm" - name="xdm"> ¡C¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O±q - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" - name="/etc/ttys"> ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò man page ¤¤ªº½d¨Ò¡F¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¦b - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="rc.local"> - 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name="xterm -C"> ©M <htmlurl url= - "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xconsole" - name="xconsole"> ³oÃþªºµ{¦¡µLªk¥¿±`°õ¦æ¡C - - <p>³o¤@¤Áªº°ÝÃD¡A³£¬O¦]¬° console ªºÅv¬O±Ä¥Î¨t²Î¹w³]È¡C¦b¤@Ó¦h¨Ï¥Î - ªÌªº¨t²Î¸Ì¡A§Ṳ́£§Æ±æ¨CӨϥΪ̳£¥i¥Hª½±µ¼g¤J¨t²Î console ¡C¦pªG¨Ï - ¥ÎªÌ¬O±q¾÷¾¹ªº VTY ª½±µ login ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab" name="fbtab"> - ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³oÃþªº°ÝÃD¡C - - <p>²³æ¦a»¡¡A½Ð½T«O - <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab(5)" - name="/etc/fbtab"> ³oÓÀɮפ¤ªº³o¤@¦æ¨S¦³³Qµù¸Ñ±¼¡G - - <verb> - /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console - </verb> - - ³o¤@¦æ³]©wªº¦s¦b¥i¥H½T«O±q <tt>/dev/ttyv0</tt> µn¤Jªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H±±¨î - console ¡C - - <sect1> - <heading>§Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¦b X ¤¤¦³ÂI¤£¥¿±`</heading> - - <p>±zªº·Æ¹«©M±zªº·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¯à¦s¦b¦³¤£¦P¨Bªº²{¶H¡C - - <p>¦b 2.2.5 ¥H¤Î§ó¦ªº¨t²Î¸Ì¡A±q X ¤Á¨ì virtual terminal µM«á¦A¤Á¦^¨Ó - ´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥¦Ì«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C¦pªG³oÓ°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Íªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¦b±zªº - ®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤ¤¥[¤J¤U±³oӿﶵµM«á«·s½sĶ¡G - - <verb> - options PSM_CHECKSYNC - </verb> - - <p>¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ßªº¸gÅç¡A½Ð¬Ý - <ref id="make-kernel" name="«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ß"> ³o¤@¸`¡C - - <p>¥[¤W³oӿﶵ¥H«á¡A·Æ¹«©M·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶¡ªº¦P¨B°ÝÃDÀ³¸Ó´N¤ñ¸û¤£·|¥X²{ - ¤F¡C¦pªG³oÓ°ÝÃD¤´µM¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A¦b²¾°Ê·Æ¹«®É«ö«ö·Æ¹««öÁä¥i¥H¨Ï·Æ¹«©M·Æ - ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C - - <p>¸Óª`·Nªº¬O³oӿﶵ¨Ã¤£¬O¹ï¨C¤@Ó¨t²Î³£¦³®Ä¡A¥¦¥i¯à·|Åý±µ¦b PS/2 ·Æ - ¹«¦ì¸mªº ALPS GlidePoint ¸Ë¸m¥¢¥h "tap" ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡C - - <p>¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡A¦P¨Bªº½T»{¤w¸g¦³¤F¸û¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¿ìªk¡A¦Ó¥B³o¨Ç³£ - ¤w¸g¬O PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¼Ð·Ç¤F¡C³oÓ¤èªk¤]¥i¥H¦b GlidePoint ¤W¥¿±`¤u - §@¡C (¦]¬°½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½X¤w¸g¦¨¬°¤@Ӽзǥ\¯à¡A©Ò¥H¦b³o¨Çª©¥»¤¤§Ṳ́£¦b´£ - ¨Ñ PSM_CHECKSYNC ªº¿ï¶µ¤F¡C) ¤£¹L¦b·¥¤Ö¼Æªº®×¨Ò¤¤¡A³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡·|»~³ø - ¦P¨B©Ê¿ù»~¡AµM«á±z´N·|¬Ý¨ì³o¼Ëªº®Ö¤ß°T®§¡G - - <verb> - psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy) - </verb> - - µM«á±z´N·|µo²{±zªº·Æ¹«¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¤F¡C - - <p>¦pªG±zµo¥Í¤F³o¼Ëªºª¬ªp¡A±z¥²¶·Âǥѧâ PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº flag ³]¦¨ - 0x100 ¨Ó§â¦P¨B½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½Xµ¹¨ú®ø±¼¡CµM«á¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î - "<tt>-c</tt>" ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J <em>UserConfig</em>¡G - - <verb> - boot: -c - </verb> - - µM«á¡A¦b <em>UserConfig</em> ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J¡G - - <verb> - UserConfig> flags psm0 0x100 - UserConfig> quit - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>§Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¤£¯à³z¹L MouseSystem ¨Ó¹B§@</heading> - - <p>¦³¤@¨Ç³ø§i«ü¥X¬Y¨Ç¼tµPªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¥u¯à¦b "°ª¸ÑªR«×" ª¬ºA¤U¤~¯à¹B§@ - ¡C¦pªG¤£¬Oªº¸Ü¡A·Æ¹«´å¼Ð·|±`±`¶]¨ì¿Ã¹õªº¥ª¤W¨¤¥h¡C - - <p>«D±`¤£©¯ªº¡A³oÓ°ÝÃD¦b 2.0.X ©M 2.1.X ¤U¬OµL¸Ñªº¡C¦b 2.2 ¨ì 2.2.5 - ª©¡A±z¥i¥H¹ï <tt>/sys/i386/isa/psm.c</tt> ¨Ï¥Î¤U¦C patch µM«á««Ø±zªº - ®Ö¤ß¡C¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ßªº¸gÅç¡A½Ð¬Ý - <ref id="make-kernel" name="building a kernel"> ³o¸`¡C - - <verb> -diff -u psm.c.orig psm.c -@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@ - if (verbose >= 2) - log(LOG_DEBUG¡A"psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n", - unit¡Ai); -+ set_mouse_resolution(sc->kbdc¡APSMD_RES_HIGH); -+ - #if 0 - set_mouse_scaling(sc->kbdc); /* 1:1 scaling */ - set_mouse_mode(sc->kbdc); /* stream mode */ - </verb> - - <p>¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡A¦b PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤¤³]©w 0x04 ªº flag ·| - §â·Æ¹«³]¦¨°ª¸ÑªR«×¼Ò¦¡¡C¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î "<tt>-c</tt>" ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J - 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