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Diffstat (limited to 'zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml')
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml | 379 |
1 files changed, 153 insertions, 226 deletions
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml b/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml index 1d0756d4d9..bb48a8673b 100644 --- a/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml @@ -5,20 +5,15 @@ $FreeBSD$ Original revision: 1.113 --> - -<chapter id="multimedia"> - <chapterinfo> +<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="multimedia"> + <info><title>多媒體影音娛樂(Multimedia)</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Ross</firstname> - <surname>Lippert</surname> - <contrib>Edited by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Ross</firstname><surname>Lippert</surname></personname><contrib>Edited by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </chapterinfo> + </info> - <title>多媒體影音娛樂(Multimedia)</title> - <sect1 id="multimedia-synopsis"> + + <sect1 xml:id="multimedia-synopsis"> <title>概述</title> <para>FreeBSD 廣泛地支援各種音效卡, 讓您可以享受來自電腦上的高傳真音質(Hi-Fi), @@ -28,8 +23,7 @@ <para>要是喜歡動手嘗試不同的體驗, FreeBSD 也能播放一般的視訊檔和 DVD。 編碼、轉換和播放視訊的程式比起處理聲音的程式略少一些。例如, 在撰寫這章時, - FreeBSD Ports Collection 中還沒有類似 <filename - role="package">audio/sox</filename> 那樣好用的編碼工具,能夠用來轉換不同的格式。 + FreeBSD Ports Collection 中還沒有類似 <package>audio/sox</package> 那樣好用的編碼工具,能夠用來轉換不同的格式。 不過,這個領域的軟體研發進展是相當迅速的。</para> <para>本章將介紹設定音效卡的必要步驟。先前介紹到的 X11 @@ -84,8 +78,7 @@ <para>在閱讀這章之前,您應當了解:</para> <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>知道如何設定、安裝新的 kernel (<xref - linkend="kernelconfig"/>)。</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>知道如何設定、安裝新的 kernel (<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>)。</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <warning> @@ -95,37 +88,26 @@ </sect1> - <sect1 id="sound-setup"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="sound-setup"> + <info><title>設定音效卡</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Moses</firstname> - <surname>Moore</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - <!-- 20 November 2000 --> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Moses</firstname><surname>Moore</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Marc</firstname> - <surname>Fonvieille</surname> - <contrib>加強 &os; 5.X 的內容:</contrib> - <!-- 13 September 2004 --> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Marc</firstname><surname>Fonvieille</surname></personname><contrib>加強 &os; 5.X 的內容:</contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </sect1info> + </info> - <title>設定音效卡</title> + - <sect2 id="sound-device"> + <sect2 xml:id="sound-device"> <title>設定系統</title> <indexterm><primary>PCI</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>ISA</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>sound cards</primary></indexterm> <para>開始設定之前,必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何,以及是 PCI 或 ISA 規格。 - FreeBSD 有支援許多種的 PCI、ISA 音效卡,請檢查支援的音效硬體表 <ulink - url="&rel.current.hardware;">Hardware Notes</ulink>,以確認你的音效卡是否支援。 + FreeBSD 有支援許多種的 PCI、ISA 音效卡,請檢查支援的音效硬體表 <link xlink:href="&rel.current.hardware;">Hardware Notes</link>,以確認你的音效卡是否支援。 本文也會提到相對應該卡的驅動程式。</para> <indexterm> @@ -173,8 +155,7 @@ compile in support for your sound card in your kernel. The section below provides the information you need to add support for your hardware in this manner. For more information about - recompiling your kernel, please see <xref - linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para> + recompiling your kernel, please see <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para> <sect3> <title>Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support</title> @@ -192,8 +173,7 @@ <para>Then we have to add the support for our sound card. Therefore, we need to know which driver supports the card. - Check the supported audio devices list of the <ulink - url="&rel.current.hardware;">Hardware Notes</ulink>, to + Check the supported audio devices list of the <link xlink:href="&rel.current.hardware;">Hardware Notes</link>, to determine the correct driver for your sound card. For example, a Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card is supported by the &man.snd.emu10k1.4; driver. To add the support @@ -256,7 +236,7 @@ hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"</programlisting> </sect3> </sect2> - <sect2 id="sound-testing"> + <sect2 xml:id="sound-testing"> <title>Testing the Sound Card</title> <para>After rebooting with the modified kernel, or after loading @@ -277,11 +257,10 @@ pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> at io 0xd800, 0xdc80 irq 5 bufsz 16384 kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> <para>The output from your system may vary. If no - <devicename>pcm</devicename> devices show up, go back and review + <filename>pcm</filename> devices show up, go back and review what was done earlier. Go through your kernel configuration file again and make sure the correct - device is chosen. Common problems are listed in <xref - linkend="troubleshooting"/>.</para> + device is chosen. Common problems are listed in <xref linkend="troubleshooting"/>.</para> <para>If all goes well, you should now have a functioning sound card. If your CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive is properly coupled to @@ -290,14 +269,13 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1</userinput></screen> - <para>Various applications, such as <filename - role="package">audio/workman</filename> can provide a friendlier + <para>Various applications, such as <package>audio/workman</package> can provide a friendlier interface. You may want to install an application such as - <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> to listen to + <package>audio/mpg123</package> to listen to MP3 audio files. A quick way to test the card is sending data to the <filename>/dev/dsp</filename>, like this:</para> - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cat <replaceable>filename</replaceable> > /dev/dsp</userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cat filename > /dev/dsp</userinput></screen> <para>where <replaceable>filename</replaceable> can be any file. This command line should produce some noise, confirming the @@ -306,16 +284,16 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> <note> <para>&os; 4.X users need to create the sound card device nodes before being able to use it. If the card showed up in - message buffer as <devicename>pcm0</devicename>, you will have - to run the following as <username>root</username>:</para> + message buffer as <filename>pcm0</filename>, you will have + to run the following as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV snd0</userinput></screen> - <para>If the card detection returned <devicename>pcm1</devicename>, + <para>If the card detection returned <filename>pcm1</filename>, follow the same steps as shown above, replacing - <devicename>snd0</devicename> with - <devicename>snd1</devicename>.</para> + <filename>snd0</filename> with + <filename>snd1</filename>.</para> <para><command>MAKEDEV</command> will create a group of device nodes that will be used by the different sound related @@ -326,7 +304,7 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> command. More details can be found in the &man.mixer.8; manual page.</para> - <sect3 id="troubleshooting"> + <sect3 xml:id="troubleshooting"> <title>Common Problems</title> <indexterm><primary>device nodes</primary></indexterm> @@ -380,17 +358,13 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> </sect3> </sect2> - <sect2 id="sound-multiple-sources"> - <sect2info> + <sect2 xml:id="sound-multiple-sources"> + <info><title>Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Munish</firstname> - <surname>Chopra</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Munish</firstname><surname>Chopra</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </sect2info> - <title>Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources</title> + </info> + <para>It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that are able to play simultaneously, such as when @@ -404,18 +378,18 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> card's playback channels by mixing sound in the kernel.</para> <para>To set the number of virtual channels, there are two sysctl - knobs which, if you are the <username>root</username> user, can + knobs which, if you are the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, can be set like this:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.pcm0.vchans=4</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4</userinput></screen> <para>The above example allocates four virtual channels, which is a practical number for everyday use. <varname>hw.snd.pcm0.vchans</varname> - is the number of virtual channels <devicename>pcm0</devicename> has, and is configurable + is the number of virtual channels <filename>pcm0</filename> has, and is configurable once a device has been attached. <literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> is the number of virtual channels a new audio device is given when it is attached using - &man.kldload.8;. Since the <devicename>pcm</devicename> module + &man.kldload.8;. Since the <filename>pcm</filename> module can be loaded independently of the hardware drivers, <varname>hw.snd.maxautovchans</varname> can store how many virtual channels any devices which are attached later will be @@ -437,17 +411,13 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> </sect2> <sect2> - <sect2info> + <info><title>設定預設(Mixer Channel)的音量大小</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Josef</firstname> - <surname>El-Rayes</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Josef</firstname><surname>El-Rayes</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </sect2info> + </info> - <title>設定預設(Mixer Channel)的音量大小</title> + <note> <para>本功能只有在 &os; 5.3-RELEASE 及之後版本才有支援。</para> @@ -468,25 +438,21 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="sound-mp3"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="sound-mp3"> + <info><title>MP3 音樂</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Chern</firstname> - <surname>Lee</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Chern</firstname><surname>Lee</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - <!-- 11 Sept 2001 --> - </sect1info> + + </info> - <title>MP3 音樂</title> + <para>MP3 (MPEG Layer 3 Audio) accomplishes near CD-quality sound, leaving no reason to let your FreeBSD workstation fall short of its offerings.</para> - <sect2 id="mp3-players"> + <sect2 xml:id="mp3-players"> <title>MP3 Players</title> <para>By far, the most popular X11 MP3 player is @@ -499,21 +465,21 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen> support.</para> <para><application>XMMS</application> can be installed from the - <filename role="package">multimedia/xmms</filename> port or package.</para> + <package>multimedia/xmms</package> port or package.</para> <para><application>XMMS'</application> interface is intuitive, with a playlist, graphic equalizer, and more. Those familiar with <application>Winamp</application> will find <application>XMMS</application> simple to use.</para> - <para>The <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename> port is an alternative, + <para>The <package>audio/mpg123</package> port is an alternative, command-line MP3 player.</para> <para><application>mpg123</application> can be run by specifying the sound device and the MP3 file on the command line, as shown below:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mpg123 -a <replaceable>/dev/dsp1.0</replaceable> Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3</userinput> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3</userinput> High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2 and 3. Version 0.59r (1999/Jun/15). Written and copyrights by Michael Hipp. Uses code from various people. See 'README' for more! @@ -528,11 +494,11 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo </screen> <para><literal>/dev/dsp1.0</literal> should be replaced with the - <devicename>dsp</devicename> device entry on your system.</para> + <filename>dsp</filename> device entry on your system.</para> </sect2> - <sect2 id="rip-cd"> + <sect2 xml:id="rip-cd"> <title>Ripping CD Audio Tracks</title> <para>Before encoding a CD or CD track to MP3, the audio data on @@ -541,38 +507,38 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo files.</para> <para>The <command>cdda2wav</command> tool, which is a part of - the <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrtools</filename> + the <package>sysutils/cdrtools</package> suite, is used for ripping audio information from CDs and the information associated with them.</para> <para>With the audio CD in the drive, the following command can - be issued (as <username>root</username>) to rip an entire CD + be issued (as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>) to rip an entire CD into individual (per track) WAV files:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -B</userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -B</userinput></screen> <para><application>cdda2wav</application> will support ATAPI (IDE) CDROM drives. To rip from an IDE drive, specify the device name in place of the SCSI unit numbers. For example, to rip track 7 from an IDE drive:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>/dev/acd0a</replaceable> -t 7</userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D /dev/acd0a -t 7</userinput></screen> <para>The <option>-D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable></option> - indicates the SCSI device <devicename>0,1,0</devicename>, + indicates the SCSI device <filename>0,1,0</filename>, which corresponds to the output of <command>cdrecord -scanbus</command>.</para> <para>To rip individual tracks, make use of the <option>-t</option> option as shown:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -t 7</userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7</userinput></screen> <para>This example rips track seven of the audio CDROM. To rip a range of tracks, for example, track one to seven, specify a range:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D <replaceable>0,1,0</replaceable> -t 1+7</userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7</userinput></screen> <para>The utility &man.dd.1; can also be used to extract audio tracks on ATAPI drives, read <xref linkend="duplicating-audiocds"/> @@ -580,26 +546,26 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo </sect2> - <sect2 id="mp3-encoding"> + <sect2 xml:id="mp3-encoding"> <title>Encoding MP3s</title> <para>Nowadays, the mp3 encoder of choice is <application>lame</application>. <application>Lame</application> can be found at - <filename role="package">audio/lame</filename> in the ports tree.</para> + <package>audio/lame</package> in the ports tree.</para> <para>Using the ripped WAV files, the following command will convert <filename>audio01.wav</filename> to <filename>audio01.mp3</filename>:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>lame -h -b <replaceable>128</replaceable> \ ---tt "<replaceable>Foo Song Title</replaceable>" \ ---ta "<replaceable>FooBar Artist</replaceable>" \ ---tl "<replaceable>FooBar Album</replaceable>" \ ---ty "<replaceable>2001</replaceable>" \ ---tc "<replaceable>Ripped and encoded by Foo</replaceable>" \ ---tg "<replaceable>Genre</replaceable>" \ -<replaceable>audio01.wav audio01.mp3</replaceable></userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>lame -h -b 128 \ +--tt "Foo Song Title" \ +--ta "FooBar Artist" \ +--tl "FooBar Album" \ +--ty "2001" \ +--tc "Ripped and encoded by Foo" \ +--tg "Genre" \ +audio01.wav audio01.mp3</userinput></screen> <para>128 kbits seems to be the standard MP3 bitrate in use. Many enjoy the higher quality 160, or 192. The higher the @@ -613,7 +579,7 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo lame man page.</para> </sect2> - <sect2 id="mp3-decoding"> + <sect2 xml:id="mp3-decoding"> <title>Decoding MP3s</title> <para>In order to burn an audio CD from MP3s, they must be @@ -676,7 +642,7 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo <procedure> <step> - <para>Run <command>mpg123 -s <replaceable>audio01.mp3</replaceable> + <para>Run <command>mpg123 -s audio01.mp3 > audio01.pcm</command></para> </step> </procedure> @@ -690,29 +656,25 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo beginning of each track, this sound is the header of the WAV file. You can simply remove the header of a WAV file with the utility <application>SoX</application> (it can be installed from - the <filename role="package">audio/sox</filename> port or + the <package>audio/sox</package> port or package):</para> - <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 <replaceable>track.wav track.raw</replaceable></userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 track.wav track.raw</userinput></screen> <para>Read <xref linkend="creating-cds"/> for more information on using a CD burner in FreeBSD.</para> </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="video-playback"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="video-playback"> + <info><title>播放影片</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Ross</firstname> - <surname>Lippert</surname> - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Ross</firstname><surname>Lippert</surname></personname><contrib>Contributed by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - <!-- 5 June 2002 --> - </sect1info> + + </info> - <title>播放影片</title> + <para>Video playback is a very new and rapidly developing application area. Be patient. Not everything is going to work as smoothly as @@ -782,7 +744,7 @@ link acd0 rdvd</programlisting> <programlisting>kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864 kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting> - <sect2 id="video-interface"> + <sect2 xml:id="video-interface"> <title>Determining Video Capabilities</title> <indexterm><primary>XVideo</primary></indexterm> @@ -817,7 +779,7 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting> </listitem> </orderedlist> - <sect3 id="video-interface-xvideo"> + <sect3 xml:id="video-interface-xvideo"> <title>XVideo</title> <para><application>&xorg;</application> and <application>&xfree86; 4.X</application> have an extension called @@ -917,12 +879,11 @@ no adaptors present</screen> computational demands of rendering video. Depending on your video card and processor, though, you might still be able to have a satisfying experience. You should probably read about - ways of improving performance in the advanced reading <xref - linkend="video-further-reading"/>.</para> + ways of improving performance in the advanced reading <xref linkend="video-further-reading"/>.</para> </sect3> - <sect3 id="video-interface-SDL"> + <sect3 xml:id="video-interface-SDL"> <title>Simple Directmedia Layer</title> <para>The Simple Directmedia Layer, SDL, was intended to be a @@ -932,18 +893,18 @@ no adaptors present</screen> low-level abstraction to the hardware which can sometimes be more efficient than the X11 interface.</para> - <para>The SDL can be found at <filename role="package">devel/sdl12</filename>.</para> + <para>The SDL can be found at <package>devel/sdl12</package>.</para> </sect3> - <sect3 id="video-interface-DGA"> + <sect3 xml:id="video-interface-DGA"> <title>Direct Graphics Access</title> <para>Direct Graphics Access is an X11 extension which allows a program to bypass the X server and directly alter the framebuffer. Because it relies on a low level memory mapping to effect this sharing, programs using it must be run as - <username>root</username>.</para> + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.</para> <para>The DGA extension can be tested and benchmarked by &man.dga.1;. When <command>dga</command> is running, it @@ -954,7 +915,7 @@ no adaptors present</screen> </sect2> - <sect2 id="video-ports"> + <sect2 xml:id="video-ports"> <title>Ports and Packages Dealing with Video</title> <indexterm><primary>video ports</primary></indexterm> @@ -1002,7 +963,7 @@ no adaptors present</screen> <listitem> <para>Documentation is not installed with the port and can be - found either on the web or under the port's <filename class='directory'>work</filename> + found either on the web or under the port's <filename>work</filename> directory.</para> </listitem> @@ -1040,7 +1001,7 @@ no adaptors present</screen> port maintainers to minimize the work-arounds needed for port-ing.</para> - <sect3 id="video-mplayer"> + <sect3 xml:id="video-mplayer"> <title>MPlayer</title> <para><application>MPlayer</application> is a recently developed and rapidly developing @@ -1053,13 +1014,12 @@ no adaptors present</screen> you get used to the command line options and the key-stroke controls, it works very well.</para> - <sect4 id="video-mplayer-building"> + <sect4 xml:id="video-mplayer-building"> <title>Building MPlayer</title> <indexterm><primary>MPlayer</primary> <secondary>making</secondary></indexterm> - <para><application>MPlayer</application> resides in <filename - role="package">multimedia/mplayer</filename>. + <para><application>MPlayer</application> resides in <package>multimedia/mplayer</package>. <application>MPlayer</application> performs a variety of hardware checks during the build process, resulting in a binary which will not be portable from one system to @@ -1085,9 +1045,9 @@ http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html <para>The default port options should be sufficient for most users. However, if you need the XviD codec, you have to - specify the <makevar>WITH_XVID</makevar> option in the + specify the <varname>WITH_XVID</varname> option in the command line. The default DVD device can also be defined - with the <makevar>WITH_DVD_DEVICE</makevar> option, by + with the <varname>WITH_DVD_DEVICE</varname> option, by default <filename>/dev/acd0</filename> will be used.</para> <para>As of this writing, the <application>MPlayer</application> port will build its HTML @@ -1106,7 +1066,7 @@ http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html </sect4> - <sect4 id="video-mplayer-using"> + <sect4 xml:id="video-mplayer-using"> <title>Using MPlayer</title> <indexterm><primary>MPlayer</primary> <secondary>use</secondary></indexterm> @@ -1125,7 +1085,7 @@ http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html common uses.</para> <para>To play a file, such as - <filename><replaceable>testfile.avi</replaceable></filename>, + <filename>testfile.avi</filename>, through one of the various video interfaces set the <option>-vo</option> option:</para> @@ -1143,7 +1103,7 @@ http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html <filename>testfile.avi</filename> with <option>dvd://<replaceable>N</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></option> where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the title number to play and - <filename><replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></filename> is the + <filename>DEVICE</filename> is the device node for the DVD-ROM. For example, to play title 3 from <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>:</para> @@ -1152,7 +1112,7 @@ http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html <note> <para>The default DVD device can be defined during the build of the <application>MPlayer</application> port via the - <makevar>WITH_DVD_DEVICE</makevar> option. By default, + <varname>WITH_DVD_DEVICE</varname> option. By default, this device is <filename>/dev/acd0</filename>. More details can be found in the port <filename>Makefile</filename>.</para> @@ -1185,7 +1145,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> in this section.</para> </sect4> - <sect4 id="video-mencoder"> + <sect4 xml:id="video-mencoder"> <title>mencoder</title> <indexterm> <primary>mencoder</primary> @@ -1210,7 +1170,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> in <command>mplayer</command>.</para> <para>To convert <filename>input.avi</filename> to the MPEG4 - codec with MPEG3 audio encoding (<filename role="package">audio/lame</filename> is required):</para> + codec with MPEG3 audio encoding (<package>audio/lame</package> is required):</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \ -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq -o output.avi</userinput></screen> @@ -1220,7 +1180,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> <para><filename>input.avi</filename> can be replaced with <option>dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/dvd</option> and run as - <username>root</username> to re-encode a DVD title + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to re-encode a DVD title directly. Since you are likely to be dissatisfied with your results the first time around, it is recommended you dump the title to a file and work on the file.</para> @@ -1228,14 +1188,13 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> </sect3> - <sect3 id="video-xine"> + <sect3 xml:id="video-xine"> <title>The xine Video Player</title> <para>The <application>xine</application> video player is a project of wide scope aiming not only at being an all in one video solution, but also in producing a reusable base library and a modular executable which can be extended with - plugins. It comes both as a package and as a port, <filename - role="package">multimedia/xine</filename>.</para> + plugins. It comes both as a package and as a port, <package>multimedia/xine</package>.</para> <para>The <application>xine</application> player is still very rough around the edges, but it is clearly off to a @@ -1266,7 +1225,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> </sect3> - <sect3 id="video-ports-transcode"> + <sect3 xml:id="video-ports-transcode"> <title>The transcode Utilities</title> <para>The software <application>transcode</application> is not a player, but a suite of tools for @@ -1276,8 +1235,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting> interfaces.</para> <para>A great number of options can be specified during - the build from the <filename - role="package">multimedia/transcode</filename> port, we recommend the + the build from the <package>multimedia/transcode</package> port, we recommend the following command line to build <application>transcode</application>:</para> @@ -1297,19 +1255,16 @@ WITH_MJPEG=yes -DWITH_XVID=yes</userinput></screen> <filename>output_vcd.mpg</filename>, is ready to be played with <application>MPlayer</application>. You could even burn the file on a CD-R media to create a Video CD, in this case you will - need to install and use both <filename - role="package">multimedia/vcdimager</filename> and <filename - role="package">sysutils/cdrdao</filename> programs.</para> + need to install and use both <package>multimedia/vcdimager</package> and <package>sysutils/cdrdao</package> programs.</para> <para>There is a manual page for <command>transcode</command>, but - you should also consult the <ulink - url="http://www.transcoding.org/cgi-bin/transcode">transcode - wiki</ulink> for further information and examples.</para> + you should also consult the <link xlink:href="http://www.transcoding.org/cgi-bin/transcode">transcode + wiki</link> for further information and examples.</para> </sect3> </sect2> - <sect2 id="video-further-reading"> + <sect2 xml:id="video-further-reading"> <title>Further Reading</title> <para>The various video software packages for FreeBSD are @@ -1322,7 +1277,7 @@ WITH_MJPEG=yes -DWITH_XVID=yes</userinput></screen> give the reader pointers to such additional information.</para> <para>The - <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/">MPlayer documentation</ulink> + <link xlink:href="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/">MPlayer documentation</link> is very technically informative. These documents should probably be consulted by anyone wishing to obtain a high level of expertise with &unix; video. The @@ -1331,7 +1286,7 @@ WITH_MJPEG=yes -DWITH_XVID=yes</userinput></screen> to them, RTFM.</para> <para>The - <ulink url="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/xine-howto/en_GB/html/howto.html"> xine HOWTO</ulink> + <link xlink:href="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/xine-howto/en_GB/html/howto.html"> xine HOWTO</link> contains a chapter on performance improvement which is general to all players.</para> @@ -1341,26 +1296,21 @@ WITH_MJPEG=yes -DWITH_XVID=yes</userinput></screen> <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/">Avifile</ulink> which - is also a port <filename - role='package'>multimedia/avifile</filename>.</para> + <para><link xlink:href="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/">Avifile</link> which + is also a port <package>multimedia/avifile</package>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink - url="http://www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd/">Ogle</ulink> - which is also a port <filename - role='package'>multimedia/ogle</filename>.</para> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd/">Ogle</link> + which is also a port <package>multimedia/ogle</package>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><ulink url="http://xtheater.sourceforge.net/">Xtheater</ulink></para> + <para><link xlink:href="http://xtheater.sourceforge.net/">Xtheater</link></para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><filename - role="package">multimedia/dvdauthor</filename>, an open + <para><package>multimedia/dvdauthor</package>, an open source package for authoring DVD content.</para> </listitem> @@ -1369,26 +1319,17 @@ WITH_MJPEG=yes -DWITH_XVID=yes</userinput></screen> </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="tvcard"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="tvcard"> + <info><title>設定電視卡(TV Cards)</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Josef</firstname> - <surname>El-Rayes</surname> - <contrib>Original contribution by </contrib> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Josef</firstname><surname>El-Rayes</surname></personname><contrib>Original contribution by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Marc</firstname> - <surname>Fonvieille</surname> - <contrib>Enhanced and adapted by </contrib> - <!-- 02 January 2004 --> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Marc</firstname><surname>Fonvieille</surname></personname><contrib>Enhanced and adapted by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </sect1info> + </info> - <title>設定電視卡(TV Cards)</title> + <indexterm> <primary>TV cards</primary> </indexterm> @@ -1458,26 +1399,26 @@ bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM tuner.</programlisting> <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para><filename role="package">multimedia/fxtv</filename> + <para><package>multimedia/fxtv</package> provides TV-in-a-window and image/audio/video capture capabilities.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><filename role="package">multimedia/xawtv</filename> + <para><package>multimedia/xawtv</package> is also a TV application, with the same features as <application>fxtv</application>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><filename role="package">misc/alevt</filename> decodes + <para><package>misc/alevt</package> decodes and displays Videotext/Teletext.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><filename role="package">audio/xmradio</filename>, an + <para><package>audio/xmradio</package>, an application to use the FM radio tuner coming with some TV cards.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para><filename role="package">audio/wmtune</filename>, a handy + <para><package>audio/wmtune</package>, a handy desktop application for radio tuners.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> @@ -1498,19 +1439,14 @@ bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM tuner.</programlisting> </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="scanners"> - <sect1info> + <sect1 xml:id="scanners"> + <info><title>掃描器</title> <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Marc</firstname> - <surname>Fonvieille</surname> - <contrib>Written by </contrib> - <!-- 04 August 2004 --> - </author> + <author><personname><firstname>Marc</firstname><surname>Fonvieille</surname></personname><contrib>Written by </contrib></author> </authorgroup> - </sect1info> + </info> - <title>掃描器</title> + <indexterm> <primary>image scanners</primary> </indexterm> @@ -1525,8 +1461,7 @@ bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM tuner.</programlisting> <para>&os; 同時支援 SCSI 和 USB 兩種介面的掃描器。在做任何設定之前,請確保 <application>SANE</application> 有支援您的掃描器。 - <application>SANE</application> 有張 <ulink - url="http://sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html">支援硬體</ulink> + <application>SANE</application> 有張 <link xlink:href="http://sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html">支援硬體</link> 的清單,這裡有介紹掃描器的支援情況和狀態訊息。 在 &man.uscanner.4; 內也有提供一份 USB 掃描器的支援列表。</para> </sect2> @@ -1536,7 +1471,7 @@ bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM tuner.</programlisting> <para>如同上述所提的 SCSI 和 USB 界面都有支援。這要取決於您的掃描器界面,而需要不同的設備驅動程式。</para> - <sect3 id="scanners-kernel-usb"> + <sect3 xml:id="scanners-kernel-usb"> <title>USB 介面</title> <para>The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by default @@ -1641,21 +1576,17 @@ Re-scan of bus 3 was successful</screen> <title>設定 SANE</title> <para>The <application>SANE</application> system has been - splitted in two parts: the backends (<filename - role="package">graphics/sane-backends</filename>) and the - frontends (<filename - role="package">graphics/sane-frontends</filename>). The + splitted in two parts: the backends (<package>graphics/sane-backends</package>) and the + frontends (<package>graphics/sane-frontends</package>). The backends part provides access to the scanner itself. The - <application>SANE</application>'s <ulink - url="http://sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html">supported - devices</ulink> list specifies which backend will support your + <application>SANE</application>'s <link xlink:href="http://sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html">supported + devices</link> list specifies which backend will support your image scanner. It is mandatory to determine the correct backend for your scanner if you want to be able to use your device. The frontends part provides the graphical scanning interface (<application>xscanimage</application>).</para> - <para>The first thing to do is install the <filename - role="package">graphics/sane-backends</filename> port or + <para>The first thing to do is install the <package>graphics/sane-backends</package> port or package. Then, use the <command>sane-find-scanner</command> command to check the scanner detection by the <application>SANE</application> system:</para> @@ -1690,14 +1621,12 @@ device `snapscan:/dev/pass3' is a AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 flatbed scanner</screen> identified indicates that &man.scanimage.1; is unable to identify the scanner. If this happens, you will need to edit the backend configuration file and define the scanner device - used. The <filename - class="directory">/usr/local/etc/sane.d/</filename> directory + used. The <filename>/usr/local/etc/sane.d/</filename> directory contains all backends configuration files. This identification problem does appear with certain USB scanners.</para> - <para>For example, with the USB scanner used in the <xref - linkend="scanners-kernel-usb"/>, + <para>For example, with the USB scanner used in the <xref linkend="scanners-kernel-usb"/>, <command>sane-find-scanner</command> gives us the following information:</para> @@ -1753,11 +1682,9 @@ device `epson:/dev/uscanner0' is a Epson GT-8200 flatbed scanner</screen> use a graphical user interface to perform image scanning. <application>SANE</application> offers a simple but efficient graphical interface: <application>xscanimage</application> - (<filename - role="package">graphics/sane-frontends</filename>).</para> + (<package>graphics/sane-frontends</package>).</para> - <para><application>Xsane</application> (<filename - role="package">graphics/xsane</filename>) is another popular + <para><application>Xsane</application> (<package>graphics/xsane</package>) is another popular graphical scanning frontend. This frontend offers advanced features such as various scanning mode (photocopy, fax, etc.), color correction, batch scans, etc. Both of these applications @@ -1769,23 +1696,23 @@ device `epson:/dev/uscanner0' is a Epson GT-8200 flatbed scanner</screen> <title>Allowing Scanner Access to Other Users</title> <para>All previous operations have been done with - <username>root</username> privileges. You may however, need + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> privileges. You may however, need other users to have access to the scanner. The user will need read and write permissions to the device node used by the scanner. As an example, our USB scanner uses the device node <filename>/dev/uscanner0</filename> which is owned by the - <groupname>operator</groupname> group. Adding the user - <username>joe</username> to the - <groupname>operator</groupname> group will allow him to use + <systemitem class="groupname">operator</systemitem> group. Adding the user + <systemitem class="username">joe</systemitem> to the + <systemitem class="groupname">operator</systemitem> group will allow him to use the scanner:</para> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw groupmod operator -m <replaceable>joe</replaceable></userinput></screen> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw groupmod operator -m joe</userinput></screen> <para>For more details read the &man.pw.8; manual page. You also have to set the correct write permissions (0660 or 0664) on the <filename>/dev/uscanner0</filename> device node, by - default the <groupname>operator</groupname> group can only + default the <systemitem class="groupname">operator</systemitem> group can only read the device node. This is done by adding the following lines to the <filename>/etc/devfs.rules</filename> file:</para> @@ -1800,14 +1727,14 @@ add path uscanner0 mode 660</programlisting> <para>More information regarding these lines can be found in the &man.devfs.8; manual page. Under &os; 4.X, the - <groupname>operator</groupname> group has, by default, read + <systemitem class="groupname">operator</systemitem> group has, by default, read and write permissions to <filename>/dev/uscanner0</filename>.</para> <note> <para>Of course, for security reasons, you should think twice before adding a user to any group, especially the - <groupname>operator</groupname> group.</para> + <systemitem class="groupname">operator</systemitem> group.</para> </note> </sect2> </sect1> |