From 80b2078094c8df7aecab0ff52101d8be122e13ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Vanilla I. Shu" Date: Sat, 30 Jan 1999 23:20:34 +0000 Subject: This is the Chinese FAQ. Some part have not finish yet. --- zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml | 69 +++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile | 12 + zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml | 43 ++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml | 810 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml | 139 +++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml | 99 +++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml | 492 +++++++++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml | 353 +++++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml | 6 + zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml | 632 +++++++++++++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml | 89 +++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml | 242 ++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml | 1158 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml | 549 +++++++++++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml | 489 +++++++++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml | 446 ++++++++++++++ zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml | 336 ++++++++++ 17 files changed, 5964 insertions(+) create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml create mode 100644 zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml (limited to 'zh_TW.Big5') diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5ef21aee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ + + + + + + %includes; + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]> + +
+ + Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X + + The FreeBSD Documentation Project + + + $Date: 1999-01-30 23:20:34 $ + + + This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are + assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5 and later, unless otherwise noted. + Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. + If you are interested in helping with this project, send + email to the the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list . + The latest version of this document is always available from the . + It may also be downloaded in , + , + + or with HTTP or gzip'd from the . + You may also want to . + + + + + +&preface; +&install; +&hardware; +&troubleshoot; +&commercial; +&applications; +&kernelconfig; +&admin; +&x; +&network; +&serial; +&misc; +&hackers; +&acknowledgments; + +
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4df134966d --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ + +.NOTPARALLEL: + +SGMLOPTS=-links -e big5 +DOC= FAQ +SRCS= FAQ.sgml acknowledgments.sgml admin.sgml applications.sgml +SRCS+= commercial.sgml hackers.sgml hardware.sgml install.sgml +SRCS+= kernelconfig.sgml misc.sgml network.sgml preface.sgml +SRCS+= serial.sgml troubleshoot.sgml x.sgml + +.include diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..377c4c3f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + + + + + + + ·PÁÂ + +

+ + °²¦p±z¦b³o¥÷ FAQ ¤¤§ä¨ì¿ù»~ªº¦a¤è, ©Î¬O±z·Q¼W¥[¨Ç¬Æ»ò, + ½Ð¼g«Ê«H¨ì . §Ú­Ì«D±`·PÁ±zªº«Øij, + ¦]¬°±zªº«ØijÅý³o¥÷¤å¥óÅܱo§ó¦n! + + + FreeBSD Core Team + + + + + +

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©Î¬O±Ä¥Î¥t¥~¤@­Ó¡A«D¥¿¦¡ªº DOS ``¯S¦â''¡G + + + fdisk /mbr + + +

³o±N·|¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¥D­n±Ò°Ê°O¿ý¡A¦]¦¹·|¯}Ãa BSD bootstrap¡C + + + §Ú¦p¦ó¯à¥[¤J§ó¦hªº¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¡S + +

³Ì¦nªº¤èªk¬O¼W¥[§A¸m´«¤À³Î°Ïªº¤j¤p¡A©Î§Q¥Î³o­Ó¤è«K²z¥Ñªº¦n³B¥h + ¼W¥[¥t¤@­ÓµwºÐ¡C + +

¦b¤À´²ªººÏºÐ¤W¼W¥[¸m´«ªÅ¶¡·|¤ñ³æ¯Â¦a¦b¦P¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¥[¤J¸m´«ªÅ¶¡ + Åý®Ä²v¨Óªº§Ö¤@ÂI¡CÁ|¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¸Ì½sĶ¨Ó + ·½µ{¦¡¡A¦Ó¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¦b¥t¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¡A³o·|¤ñ¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¸ò½sĶµ{¦¡³£¦b + ¦P¤@­ÓºÏºÐ®É¨Ó±o§Ö¡C³o¹ï SCSI ºÏºÐ¾÷¯S§O¥¿½T¡C + +

IDE ºÏºÐ¨Ã¤£¤¹³\¦P®É¦b¦P¤@³q¹D²z¦s¨ú¨â­Ó¸Ë¸m¡]FreeBSD ¤£¤ä´© + mode 4¡A¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªº IDE ºÏºÐ I/O ¬O``¥iµ{¦¡¤Æªº''¡^¡CµM¦Ó§Ú¤´ + ·|«Øij§A§â¸m´«ªÅ¶¡©ñ¦b¤À§OªººÏºÐ¡CºÏºÐ¾÷³o»ò«K©y¡A¹ê¦b¨S¤°»ò + ¦n¾á¤ßªº¡C + +

§â§Aªº¸m´«ÀÉ©ñ¦b NFS ¹ê¦b¬O¤@­Ó«ÜÄꪺ¥D·N¡A°£«D§A¥¿¦b¤@­Ó«D±` + §Ö³tªººô¸ôÀô¹Ò¤U°õ¦æ¡AÁÙ­n¦³¤@­Ó«Ü¦nªº¦øªA¾¹¡C + +

³o¸Ì¦³­Ó½d¨Ò¬O¥Î 64MB vn-swap (/usr/swap0¡A·íµM§A¯à¥Î + ¥ô¦ó§A·Q¥Îªº¦W¦r¡^¡C + +

½T©w§Aªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡«Ø¥ß®É¦³¥]§t¥H¤U³o¦æ¡G + + + pseudo-device vn 1 #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) + + +

¦b§Aªº³]©wÀɤ¤¡CGENERIC ³o­Ó®Ö¤ß¤w¸g¥]§t³o¶µ¤F¡C + + + «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó vn-device + + + cd /dev + sh ./MAKEDEV vn0 + + + «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¸m´«ÀÉ (/usr/swap0) + + + dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64 + + + ¦b /etc/rc.conf ¤¤±Ò°Ê¸m´«ÀÉ + + + swapfile="/usr/swap0" # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired. + + + ­«·s¶}¾÷¡C + + +

­n°¨¤W±Ò°Ê¸m´«ÀÉ¡AÁä¤J¡G + + + vnconfig -ce /dev/vn0c /usr/swap0 swap + + + + §Ú¤£·|³]©w§Úªº¦Lªí¾÷¡C + +

½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¸Ì¦³Ãö¦C¦Lªº³¡¥÷¡C³oÀ³¸Ó¯à¸Ñ¨M§A¤j³¡¤Àªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¬Ý + + + + §Ú¨t²Î¤WªºÁä½L°t¸m¿ù¤F¡C + +

kbdcontrol µ{¦¡¦³¤@­Ó¿ï¶µ¥i¥HŪ¨úÁä½L°t¸mÀɮסC¦b + /usr/share/syscons/keymaps ¦³¤@¨Ç°t¸mÀÉ¡C¿ï¾Ü¤@­Ó¸ò§Aªº + ¬ÛÃöªº¨ÃŪ¨ú¥¦¡C + + + kbdcontrol -l uk.iso + + +

/usr/share/syscons/keymaps ©M ©ÒÂ_©w¡C + +

¥i¥H±q /etc/sysconfig (©Î ) + ¨Ó³]©w¡A½Ð¬Ý¦¹Àɸ̾A¦Xªºµù¸Ñ¡C + +

¦b 2.0.5R ¤Î¨ä¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¦³¸ò¤å¦r¦r«¬¡AÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬ÛÃöªº³]©w³£¦b + /usr/share/examples/syscons¡C + +

¥H¤U¬O¥Ø«e¤ä´©ªº¹ïÀ³³]©w¡G + + + + Belgian ISO-8859-1 + Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850 + Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1 + Danish Codepage 865 + Danish ISO-8859-1 + French ISO-8859-1 + German Codepage 850 + German ISO-8859-1 + Italian ISO-8859-1 + Japanese 106 + Japanese 106x + Latin American + Norwegian ISO-8859-1 + Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's) + Russian Codepage 866 (alternative) + Russian koi8-r (shift) + Russian koi8-r + Spanish ISO-8859-1 + Swedish Codepage 850 + Swedish ISO-8859-1 + Swiss-German ISO-8859-1 + United Kingdom Codepage 850 + United Kingdom ISO-8859-1 + United States of America ISO-8859-1 + United States of America dvorak + United States of America dvorakx + + + + §ÚµLªkÅý user quotas ¥¿±`¤u§@¡C + +

+ + ¤£­n¦b '/' ¥´¶} quotas¡A + + §â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j­¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G + + + FS QUOTA FILE + /usr /usr/admin/quotas + /home /home/admin/quotas + ... + + + + + §Úªº ccd ¦³¦ó¤£§´¡S + +

³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G + + + # ccdconfig -C + ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format + # + + +

³q±`³o·|µo¥Í¦b§A¹Á¸Õ­n³sµ² `c' ¤À³Î°Ï¡A³o¤º©wªº«¬§O¬O ``µLªk¨Ï¥Îªº'' + ¡Cccd ºÏºÐ»Ý­nªº°ò¦¤À³Î°Ï«¬§O¬° FS_BSDFFS¡A½s¿è§A­n¸ÕµÛ³sµ²ªººÏºÐ + ¼Ð°O¨Ã§ó§ï¤À³Î°Ïªº«¬§O¬°`4.2BSD'¡C + + + ¬°¦ó§Ú¤£¯à½s¿è§Ú ccd ªººÏºÐ¼Ð°O¡S + +

³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G + + + # disklabel ccd0 + (³o¸Ì¦L¥X¬Y¨Ç©úÅ㪺¸ê®Æ¡A©Ò¥H¸ÕµÛ½s¿è¥¦¡^ + # disklabel -e ccd0 + (½s¿è¡AÀx¦s¡AµM«áÂ÷¶}) + disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk; + use "disklabel -r" to install initial label + # + + +

³o¬O¦]¬°¥Ñ ccd ¶Ç¦^ªººÏºÐ¼Ð°O¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó``°²ªº''¦Ó¨S¦³¯u¥¿¦bºÏºÐ + ¤W¡C§A¥i¥H§â¥¦§¹¥þ¼g¤J¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G + + + # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp + # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp + # disklabel -e ccd0 + (this will work now) + + + + FreeBSD ¤ä´© System V IPC ®æ¦¡«ü¥O¶°¡H + +

¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-®æ¦¡ IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A°T®§¸ò + «H¸¹¡C§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦­Ì¡C + + + options SYSVSHM + options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory + options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores + options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging + + +

­«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C + +

+ + §Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î sendmail ³z¹L UUCP ¨Ó»¼°e¶l¥ó¡H + +

¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô + ªºªº¯¸¥x¡C¨º¨Ç·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¥¦­Ì¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmil + ªº³]©wÀɮסC + +

¤â°Ê­×§ï /etc/sendmail.cf ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²­nªº¡C²Ä 8 ª©ªº + sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ ªº³B²z´N¯à + ²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C§AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b¥H + ¤UÀɮ׸̨ϥΥ¦¡G + + + /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf + + +

°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î§¹¾ãªº¨Ó·½µ{¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i¯à¤w + ¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´X­Ó¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g±¾¤W¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G + + + cd /usr/src + tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa + + +

§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸U­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b cf ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº + README ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò¥»¤¶²Ð¡C + +

¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«Øij§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î mailertable ¯SÂI¡C + «Øºc¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C + +

­º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº .mc ÀÉ¡C + /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨ÇÀɮתº®a¡C + ­º¥ý¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´X­Ó½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s + foo.mc¡A§A­n°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@­Ó¦³®Äªº + sendmail.cf ¡G + + + cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf + make foo.cf + cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf + + +

¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº .mc Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G + + + include(`../m4/cf.m4') + VERSIONID(`Your version number') + OSTYPE(bsd4.4) + + FEATURE(nodns) + FEATURE(nocanonify) + FEATURE(mailertable) + + define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) + define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) + + MAILER(local) + MAILER(smtp) + MAILER(uucp) + + Cw your.alias.host.name + Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP + + +

nodns ©M nocanonify ¯S©Ê±NÁקK¥ô¦ó¦b»¼°e¶l¥ó + ®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡CUUCP_RELAY ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A + ´N¤£­n¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@­Óºô»Úºô¸ô¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì¦ì§} + ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ý­n¦b³o¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB + (mail replay)¡C + +

§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁٻݭn³o­Ó¥s /etc/mailertable ªºÀÉ®× + ¡C¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº½d¨Ò¦p¤U¡G + + + # + # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable + # + horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus + .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus + interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus + .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 + horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus + if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus + . uucp-dom:sax + + +

¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬Y­Ó¬¡¥Í¥ÍÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡C­º¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó + ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N¡A + ³o¬O¬°¤F``ÁYµu''»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì¥»¦a¤A¤Óºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥ó + Åý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A + ¤¹³\¤@­Ó``uucp-neighbor!recipient''±À½¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@ + ­Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í§A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªº + UUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b uucp-dom: ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O + ¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î uuname ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C + +

´£¿ô§A³o­ÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b + mailertable ³Ì¤W­±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³o­Ó¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A + ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ý­n°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡C + +

³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â -bt + ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b address test mode + ¡F¥u­n«ö¤U ``0''¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï + ¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§} + ¡C­nÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C + + + j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt + ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) + Enter

+ > 0 foo@interface-business.de + rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de + ... + rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ + < @ interface-business . de > + > ^D + j@uriah 192% + + + + + ·í§Ú¥Î¼·±µ³s¤Wºô¸ô®É¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w«H¥ó»¼°e¡H + +

¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ý­n½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©w­È¡C³]¦n + §A­n«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C + +

¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ ¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ý­n¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C + /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup ¸Ì­± + ³]©w¥H¤U´X¶µ¡G + + + MYADDR: + !bg su user -c fetchmail + + +

§Ú°²³]§A¦b + poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret; + + +

µL¶·Âب¥¡A³o­ÓÀÉ°£¤F ¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY ¥H¤Uªº + VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0') + OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl + FEATURE(nouucp)dnl + MAILER(local)dnl + MAILER(smtp)dnl + Cwlocalhost + Cwbsd.home + MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl + FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl + FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl + FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl + FEATURE(nodns)dnl + define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com') + Dmbsd.home + define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl + define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl + + +

¦pªGÂà´«³o­Ó + «x¡I§Ú§Ñ°O root ªº±K½X¤F¡I + +

¤£­nÅå·W¡I¥u­n­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b boot: ´£¥Ü¸¹¥´ -s ¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C + ¦b°Ý­n¨Ï¥Î­þ­Ó shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó # ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J + mount -u / ¥H­«·s¬[³]§Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ + + §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò«O¯dÅý Control-Alt-Delete ¤£¯à­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡H + + +

­×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A¨Ã¥B§â©Ò¦³ /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd¡C§A¥i¯à»Ý­n©ú¥Õªº + §h©J /etc/rc.conf ¥hŪ¨ú³o­ÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·í + µM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A§AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@­Ó¡C + + + §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â DOS ¤å¦rÀÉ®×­«·s®æ¦¡¤Æ¦¨ UNIX ªº¡H + +

²³æ¦a¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó perl ©R¥O¡G + + +perl -i.bak -pe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ... + + +

file ´N¬O­n³B²zªºÀɮסC³o­Ó­×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡A­ì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨ + °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC + + + §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î¦WºÙ¬å±¼ process¡H + +

¨Ï¥Î ¡C + + + ¬°¦ó¦b root ªº ACL ®É su ¦n¹³¦³°ÝÃD¡H + + +

³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY­«¦ý¬O¥O¤H + ¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤U­Ó°ÝÃD©Ò´y­zªº²¾°£ + Kerberos¡C + + + §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò²¾°£ Kerberos¡H + +

­n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A­«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»¤º bin ¤ÀÃþ + ¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H±¾¤W cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom)¨Ã°õ¦æ¡G + + +cd /cdrom/bin +./install.sh + + + + §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¼W¥[¨t²ÎªºµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡H + +

¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹µêÀÀ + ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G + + + «Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¨Ã¥B¥[¤J³o¦æ¨ì³]©wÀÉ¡G + + + pseudo-device pty 256 + + + °õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G + + + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} + + +

·|³y¥X 256 ­ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C + + ½s¿è /etc/ttys ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256 ­Ó²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦­ÌÀ³ + ¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥¦­Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G + + + ttyqc none network + + +

¦r¥À³]­pªº¶¶§Ç¬O tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C + + ¥Î·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡­«·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C + + + + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b4be6dbbd --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ + + + + + + + User Applications + + + ¶â. §Ú­n¦b­þ§ä¨ì§Ú­nªºµ{¦¡£°? + +

½Ð¬Ý¬Ý §a. + ³oÃ䦳¥÷¤w¸g port ¨ì FreeBSD ªº³nÅé¦Cªí. ¥Ø«e¦³¶W¹L 1800 ­Ó³nÅé¤w¸g³Q + port ¨ì FreeBSD ¤W, ¨Ã¥B¨C¤Ñ³£¦b¼W¥[¤¤. ©Ò¥H¦³ªÅ´N¦h¬Ý¬Ý³o¥÷¦Cªí, + ¤£µM§A¤]¥i¥H­q¾\ ³o¥÷ mailing list, ·|¦³¤H±N + ¨C­Ó¬P´Á³Ì·sªº³nÅé¦Cªí¶K¦b¤W­±. + +

¤j³¡¥÷ªº ports À³¸Ó³£¥i¥H¦b 2.2, 3.0 ¸ò 4.0 ªº¨t²Î¤W¨Ï¥Î, + ¨Ã¥BÁÙ¦³³¡¥÷ªº ports ¥i¥H¦b 2.1.x ªº¨t²Î¤W¹B§@. + ¨C¦¸·í FreeBSD release ®É, ³£·|¦³¤@¥÷ ports tree ³Q©ñ¦b³o¤@­Ó + release cd ¸Ì­±ªº ports/ ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì. + +

We also support the concept of a ``package'', essentially no + more than a gzipped binary distribution with a little extra + intelligence embedded in it for doing whatever custom installation + work is required. A package can be installed and uninstalled + again easily without having to know the gory details of which + files it includes. + +

Use the package installation menu in /stand/sysinstall + (under the post-configuration menu item) or invoke the + pkg_add(1) command on the specific package files you're + interested in installing. Package files can usually be identified by + their .tgz suffix and CDROM distribution people will have + a packages/All directory on their CD which contains such + files. They can also be downloaded over the net for various versions + of FreeBSD at the following locations: + + + for 2.2.7-release/2.2-stable + + + for 3.0-current + + + +

or your nearest local mirror site. + +

Note that all ports may not be available as packages since + new ones are constantly being added. It is always a good + idea to check back periodically to see which packages are available + at the master site. + + + §Ú¥i¥H¦b­þÃä§ä¨ì libc.so.3.0? + +

§A¥i¯à¦b¤@¥x 2.1.x ªº¾÷¾¹¤W, ¶]µÛµ¹ 2.2/3.0 ªº³nÅé. + ½Ð¦A©¹¤W­±¤@­Ó³¹¸`¬Ý, ¥¿½Tªº¨ú±oµ¹§A¾÷¾¹¥Îªº port/package. + + + + ghostscript ¦b§Úªº 386/486SX ¤W¦³ÂI°ÝÃD£°. + +

§A¨S¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâ¾¹, ¹ï§a?. + §A¥²¶·¦b§Aªº kernel ¤¤¥[¤J¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹, §A¥i¥H¸òµÛ¤U­±ªº¨BÆJ°µ, + ¨Ã¦b§ó§ï¹L§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀÉ«á, ­«·s½sĶ¹L¤@¦¸. + + + options GPL_MATH_EMULATE + + +

+ + ·í§Ú°õ¦æ SCO/iBCS2 ªºµ{¦¡®É, ¥¦±¾¦b + +

§A¥²¶·¥ý­×§ï /etc/sysconfig + (or ) ³oÀɮ׳̫á¤@­Ó³¹¸`, ±N¤U­±©ÒÁ¿¨ìªºÅÜ¼Æ + ³]¦¨ + # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup + ibcs2=NO + + +

³o·|¦b¶}¾÷®É±N + ³o¤@­Ó kernel ¼Ò²Õ¸ü¤J. + +

§AÁÙ­n±N§Aªº /compat/ibcs2/dev §ï¦¨¤U­±³o¼Ë: + + +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys +-rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null +crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx + + +

§A¥u»Ý­n±N socksys Âà¦V¨ì + ¥hÄF¹L open & close. ¦b -current ¸Ì­±ªº ibcs2 ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½X±N·|³B + ²z³o¨ÇªF¦è. This is muck cleaner than the way it was done before. + °²¦p§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î + + §Ú­n¦p¦ó¦b§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤W³]©w INN (Internet News)? + + +

After installing the inn package or port, an excellent place to +

¦b§A¨Ï¥Î package ©ÎªÌ¬O port ¦w¸Ë§¹ inn ¤§«á, + ¬O­Ó«D±`¦nªº¶}©l, §A¥i¥H¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì + INN ªº FAQ. + + + + + §Ú¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¨º­Óª©¥»ªº Microsoft FrontPage? + + +

¨Ï¥Î Port §a! ¦b ports tree ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó¥]§t FrontPage ªº Apache ª©¥»¤F. +

+ + + + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e375b70c4f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ + + + + + + + °Ó·~³nÅé + +

+ for a longer list. + + + §Ú¥i¥H¦b­þÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif? + +

Ápµ¸ , ¥L­Ì´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­Óµ¹ FreeBSD + ¥Îªº Motif 2.0 ®M¥ó. + +

¦b³o®M¥ó¤¤¥]¬A¤F: + + OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm. + + Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake + files. + + Static and dynamic libraries. + + Demonstration applets. + + Preformatted man pages. + + +

¦b§A¸ò¥L­Ì­qÁÊ Motif ®É, ½Ð¤@©wµù©ú§A­nªº¬O FreeBSD ªºª©¥»! + ¦]¬° Xi Graphics ¤]¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F BSDI ¸ò Linux ª©¥»ªº Motif. + ¥Ø«eµo¦æªºª©¥»¬O©ñ¦b¥|¶ôºÏ¤ù¤¤, ±N¨Ó¥L­Ì·|±N©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è³£©ñ¨ì¥úºÐ¸Ì, + ´N¹³¥L­Ì©Òµo¦æªº CDE ¤@¼Ë. + + + §Ú¥i¥H¦b­þÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº CDE? + +

Ápµ¸ , ¥L­Ì´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­Óµ¹ FreeBSD + ¥Îªº CDE 1.0.10 ®M¥ó, ¸Ì­±¥]¬A¤F Motif 1.2.5, ¨Ã¥B¥L­Ìªº CDE ¤]¥i¥H¦b + Motif 2.0 ¤U«Ü¥¿±`ªº°õ¦æ. + +

CDE ¬O¥Î¥úºÐªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ, FreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¤@¼Ë. + + + + ¨ºÃ䦳­n¿ú, ¦ý¬O°ª®Ä²vªº X servers? + +

¦p§A©ÒÄ@, + ´£¨Ñ¤F Accelerated-X µ¹ FreeBSD ¸ò¨ä¥L Intel based ªº¨t²Î. + +

³o­Ó°ª®Ä²vªº X Server ¦³«D±`²³æªº³]©w¤è¦¡, ¨Ã¥B¤ä´©¤F¥Ø«e¥«­±¤W + ·í¬õªº¦U¤j¼tµPªºÅã¥Ü¥d, ³Ì­«­nªº¬O, ¥¦¥uµ¹§A Binary. + ¥¦¬O¥ÎºÏ¤ùªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ, FreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¤@¼Ë. + +

§A¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ªº­ì¼t¥|¤ù¥úºÐ¤¤§ä¨ì³o­Ó°ª®Ä²v X Server ªº demo ª©, + ·íµM§A¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ¦bºô¸ô¤W§ä¨ì. + +

Xi Graphics ¤]¦³¦b½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif ¸ò CDE (©¹¤W­±¬Ý¬Ý). + + + + + or + email addresses. + + + + + ¦b FreeBSD ¤W¦³¥ô¦óªº¸ê®Æ®w¶Ü? + +

¦³! Conetic Software Systems ¤w¸g±N¥L­Ìªº C/base ¸ò C/books + ports ¨ì FreeBSD 2.0.5(©Î§ó°ªª©¦¸)¤W, ¦Ó Sleepycat Software ¤]¦b½æ + ¤@®M¦³°Ó·~¤ä´©ªº¸ê®Æ®w¨ç¦¡®w. + + + + + , + + . + + + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a5071a57b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,492 @@ + + + + + + + For serious FreeBSD hackers only + + + + What are SNAPs and RELEASEs? + + +

There are currently three active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD + : + + + + +

Right now, The The + + How do I make my own custom release? + +

To make a release you need to do three things: First, you need to + be running a kernel with the driver configured + in. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: + + + pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) + + +

Second, you have to have the whole CVS repository at hand. + To get this you can use + but in your supfile set the release name to cvs and remove any tag or + date fields: + + + *default prefix=/home/ncvs + *default base=/a + *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org + *default release=cvs + *default delete compress use-rel-suffix + + ## Main Source Tree + src-all + src-eBones + src-secure + + # Other stuff + ports-all + www + doc-all + + +

Then run Finally, you need a chunk of empty space to build into. Let's + say it's in /some/big/filesystem, and from the example + above you've got the CVS repository in /home/ncvs: + + + setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs + cd /usr/src/release + make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release + + +

An entire release will be built in + /some/big/filesystem/release and you will have a full FTP-type + installation in /some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp when you're + done. If you want to build your SNAP along some other branch than + -current, you can also add + How do I create customized installation disks? + +

The entire process of creating installation disks and source and + binary archives is automated by various targets in + /usr/src/release/Makefile. The information there should + be enough to get you started. However, it should be said that this + involves doing a ``make world'' and will therefore take up a lot of + time and disk space. + + + ``make world'' clobbers my existing installed binaries. + +

Yes, this is the general idea; as its name might suggest, + ``make world'' rebuilds every system binary from scratch, so you can be + certain of having a clean and consistent environment at the end (which + is why it takes so long). + +

If the environment variable ${DESTDIR}. + Some random combination of shared libraries modifications and + program rebuilds can cause this to fail in `` + + When my system boots, it says ``(bus speed defaulted)''. + + +

The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure + their bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the + 1542 driver tried to determine the fastest usable speed and set + the adapter to that. We found that this breaks some users' + systems, so you now have to define the `` + + Can I follow current with limited Internet access? + +

Yes, you can do this + + + How did you split the distribution into 240k files? + +

Newer BSD based systems have a ``Here is an example from /usr/src/Makefile. + + + bin-tarball: + (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ + tar cf - . \ + gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ + split -b 240640 - \ + ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) + + + + I've written a kernel extension, who do I send it to? + +

Please take a look at + +

And thanks for the thought! + + + How are Plug N Play ISA cards detected and initialized? + +

By: + +

In a nutshell, there a few I/O ports that all of the PnP boards + respond to when the host asks if anyone is out there. So when + the PnP probe routine starts, he asks if there are any PnP boards + present, and all the PnP boards respond with their model # to + a I/O read of the same port, so the probe routine gets a wired-OR + ``yes'' to that question. At least one bit will be on in that + reply. Then the probe code is able to cause boards with board + model IDs (assigned by Microsoft/Intel) lower than X to go + ``off-line''. It then looks to see if any boards are still + responding to the query. If the answer was ``The IDs are two 32-bit fields (hence 2ˆ64) + 8 bit checksum. + The first 32 bits are a vendor identifier. They never come out + and say it, but it appears to be assumed that different types of + boards from the same vendor could have different 32-bit vendor + ids. The idea of needing 32 bits just for unique manufacturers + is a bit excessive. + +

The lower 32 bits are a serial #, ethernet address, something + that makes this one board unique. The vendor must never produce + a second board that has the same lower 32 bits unless the upper + 32 bits are also different. So you can have multiple boards of + the same type in the machine and the full 64 bits will still be + unique. + +

The 32 bit groups can never be all zero. This allows the + wired-OR to show non-zero bits during the initial binary search. + +

Once the system has identified all the board IDs present, it will + reactivate each board, one at a time (via the same I/O ports), + and find out what resources the given board needs, what interrupt + choices are available, etc. A scan is made over all the boards + to collect this information. + +

This info is then combined with info from any ECU files on the + hard disk or wired into the MLB BIOS. The ECU and BIOS PnP + support for hardware on the MLB is usually synthetic, and the + peripherals don't really do genuine PnP. However by examining + the BIOS info plus the ECU info, the probe routines can cause the + devices that are PnP to avoid those devices the probe code cannot + relocate. + +

Then the PnP devices are visited once more and given their I/O, + DMA, IRQ and Memory-map address assignments. The devices will + then appear at those locations and remain there until the next + reboot, although there is nothing that says you can't move them + around whenever you want. + +

There is a lot of oversimplification above, but you should get + the general idea. + +

Microsoft took over some of the primary printer status ports to + do PnP, on the logic that no boards decoded those addresses for + the opposing I/O cycles. I found a genuine IBM printer board + that did decode writes of the status port during the early PnP + proposal review period, but MS said ``tough''. So they do a + write to the printer status port for setting addresses, plus that + use that address + + Does FreeBSD support architectures other than the x86? + +

Several groups of people have expressed interest in working on + multi-architecture ports for FreeBSD and the FreeBSD/AXP (ALPHA) + port is one such effort which has been quite successful, now + available in 3.0 SNAPshot release form at . The ALPHA + port currently runs on a growing number of ALPHA machine + types, among them the AlphaStation, AXPpci, PC164, Miata and Multia + models. This port is not yet considered a full release and won't be + until a full compliment of system installation tools and a distribution + on CDROM installation media is available, including a reasonable + number of working ports and packages. + FreeBSD/AXP should be considered BETA quality software at this + time. For status information, please join the + <freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.ORG>. + + Interest has also been expressed in a port of FreeBSD to + the SPARC architecture, join the <freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.ORG> + if you are interested + in joining that project. For general discussion on new architectures, + join the <freebsd-platforms@FreeBSD.ORG> + . + + + I need a major number for a device driver I've written. + +

This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver + publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the + driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to + files.i386, a sample configuration file entry, and the + appropriate code to create any special files your device uses. If + you do not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then + character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been reserved + specifically for this purpose; please use them. In any case, we'd + appreciate hearing about your driver on + <freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG>. + + + + Alternative layout policies for directories + +

+ In answer to the question of alternative layout policies for + directories, the scheme that is currently in use is unchanged + from what I wrote in 1983. I wrote that policy for the original + fast filesystem, and never revisited it. It works well at keeping + cylinder groups from filling up. As several of you have noted, + it works poorly for find. Most filesystems are created from + archives that were created by a depth first search (aka ftw). + These directories end up being striped across the cylinder groups + thus creating a worst possible senario for future depth first + searches. If one knew the total number of directories to be + created, the solution would be to create (total / fs_ncg) per + cylinder group before moving on. Obviously, one would have to + create some heuristic to guess at this number. Even using a + small fixed number like say 10 would make an order of magnitude + improvement. To differentiate restores from normal operation + (when the current algorithm is probably more sensible), you + could use the clustering of up to 10 if they were all done + within a ten second window. Anyway, my conclusion is that this + is an area ripe for experimentation.

+ +

Kirk McKusick, September 1998

+ + + Making the most of a kernel panic + +

+ [This section was extracted from a mail written by on the + freebsd-current by , who fixed a few typos and added the bracketed + comments] + +

+ +From: Bill Paul +Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops +To: ben@rosengart.com +Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT) +Cc: current@FreeBSD.ORG + + +

+ [<ben@rosengart.com> posted the following panic + message] + +> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode +> fault virtual address = 0x40 +> fault code = supervisor read, page not present +> instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5 + ^^^^^^^^^^ +> stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24 +> frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28 +> code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b +> = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1 +> processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0 +> current process = 80 (mount) +> interrupt mask = +> trap number = 12 +> panic: page fault + + +

[When] you see a message like this, it's not enough to just + reproduce it and send it in. The instruction pointer value that + I highlighted up there is important; unfortunately, it's also + configuration dependent. In other words, the value varies + depending on the exact kernel image that you're using. If you're + using a GENERIC kernel image from one of the snapshots, then + it's possible for somebody else to track down the offending + function, but if you're running a custom kernel then only + What you should do is this: + + + Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the + When the system reboots, do the following: + +% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx + + where +% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx + + If that doesn't yield any results, chop off another digit. + Repeat until you get some sort of output. The result will be + a possible list of functions which caused the panic. This is + a less than exact mechanism for tracking down the point of + failure, but it's better than nothing. + + +

I see people constantly show panic messages like this but + rarely do I see someone take the time to match up the + instruction pointer with a function in the kernel symbol table. + +

The best way to track down the cause of a panic is by + capturing a crash dump, then using + In any case, the method I normally use is this: + + + Set up a kernel config file, optionally adding 'options DDB' if you + think you need the kernel debugger for something. (I use this mainly + for setting beakpoints if I suspect an infinite loop condition of + some kind.) + Use cd /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG; make + Wait for kernel to finish compiling. + cp kernel / + reboot + + +

[Note: Now that FreeBSD 3.x kernels are Elf by default, + you should use + +

Note that YOU DO To make sure you capture a crash dump, you need edit + /etc/rc.conf and set /etc/rc.conf, the /var/crash. + +

NOTE: FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as the + physical RAM size of your machine. That is, if you have 64MB of + RAM, you will get a 64MB crash dump. Therefore you must make sure + there's enough space in /var/crash to hold the dump. + Alternatively, you run Once you have recovered the crash dump, you can get a stack + trace with + +% gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0 +(gdb) where + + +

Note that there may be several screens worth of information; + ideally you should use Now, if you're really insane and have a second computer, you + can also configure [Bill adds: "I forgot to mention one thing: if you have + DDB enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, you can + force a panic (and a crash dump) just by typing 'panic' at the + ddb prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during the panic + phase. If it does, type 'continue' and it will finish the crash + dump." -ed] + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..889eeea30b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ + + + + + + + µwÅ骺¬Û®e©Ê + + + FreeBSD ¤ä´©­þ¨ÇµwºÐªº¤¶­±¡H + +

FreeBSD ¤ä´© EIDE ¤Î SCSI ¶gÃä (¦³µÛ¬Û®eªº controller¡F + ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤U¤@¬q)¡A¥H¤Î¨Ï¥Î¡uWestern Digital¡v¤¶­±ªº¶gÃä (MEM¡B + ¡BRLL¡BESDI¡A·íµM¡AIDE ¤]¦b¥]¬A¤º)¡C¦ý¤Ö¼Æ¨Ï¥Î±M¦³ªº ESDI + ªº¤¶­±µLªk¹B§@¡G¹³¬O WD1002/3/6/7 ¤¶­±µ¥µ¥¡C + + + ­þ¤@¨Ç SCSI ¥d¦³³Q¤ä´©¡H + +

¦b ¸Ì¦³§¹¾ãªº¸ê®Æ¡C + + + ­þ¤@¨Ç CD-ROM ³Q FreeBSD ©Ò¤ä´©¡H + +

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¥Î¥H¤U¤èªkÀˬd¬O§_¦³¥¿±`°Ê§@¡G + + on max: + + +$ ifconfig lp0 +lp0: flags=8851 mtu 1500 + inet 10.0.0.1 --> 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000 + + + +$ netstat -r +Routing tables + +Internet: +Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire +moritz max UH 4 127592 lp0 + + + +$ ping -c 4 moritz +PING moritz (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms + +--- moritz ping statistics --- +4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss +round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms + + + + + §Ú¥i¥H¦b§Úªº½¥¤W«¬¹q¸£¥Î PLIP(Parallel Line IP)¦w¸Ë¶Ü¡H + + +

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¹ï ffs filesystems ¦Ó¨¥¡A³Ì¤j²z½×­È­­¨î¦b 8 terabytes(2G blocks + )¡A©Î·í¨Ï¥Î¤º©w block¤j¤p®É¡A­­¨î¬O 16TB¡CÁÙ¦³¡A³nÅé­­¨î¬O 1 + terabytes¡A¦ý¦pªG¬O¸g¹L­×§ïªºÀɮרt²Î¤W 4 terabytes ¬O¥i¯à(¨Ã¥B + ¦s¦b)ªº¡C + +

³æ¤@ ffs Àɮתº¤j¤p³Ì¤j¬OÁͪñ 1G blocks(4TB) - °²¦p block ¤j¤p¬O + 4K¡C + +The maximum size of a single ffs file is approximately 1G blocks + (4TB) if the block size is 4K. + + + maxfilesize + ---------------------------------- + 2.2.7 3.0 +fs block size -stable -current works should-work +------------- ------- -------- ----- ----------- +4K 4T-1 4T-1 4T-1 4+T +8K 32+G 8T-1 32+G 16T-1 +16K 128+G 16T-1 128+G 32T-1 +32K 512+G 32T-1 512+G 64T-1 +64K 2048+G 64T-1 2048+G 128T-1 + + +

·í fs block ¤j¤p¬O 4K¡Atriple indirect block ¹B§@¨Ã¥B©Ò¦³ªº¨Æ±¡ + ³£À³¸Ó¥Hªí¥Ü¦¨¨Ï¥Î triple indirect block ªº³Ì¤j fs block ¨Ó§@­­ + ¨î(ªñ¦ü©ó 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K)¡A¦ý¦b fs block ¼Æ¥Ø¤W«o¦³¤@­Ó(¿ù»~) + ªº 1G-1 ­­¨î¡C¹ï fs block ¼Æ¥Øªº­­¨îÀ³¸Ó¬O 2G-1¡C¦b fs block + ¼Æ¥Ø±µªñ 2G-1 ®É¦³ÂI¿ù»~¡A¦ý·í fs block ¤j¤p¬O 4K ®É³o­Ó block + ¼Æ¥Ø¬O¤£¯à¹F¨ìªº¡C + +

block ¤j¤p¦pªG¬O 8K ©Î§ó¤j¡Afs block ¼Æ¥ØÀ³¸Ó­­¨î¦b 2G-1¡A¦ý¹ê + »Ú fs block ¼Æ¥Ø«o­­¨î¦b 1G-1¡A°£¤F¦b -stable ®É triple indirect + blocks ¬OµLªk¹F¨ìªº¡A©Ò¥H³Ì¦h fs block ¼Æ¥Øªº­­¨î¥i¥Hªí¥Ü¦¨¥Î + double indirect blocks(ªñ¦ü©ó(blocksize/4)^2 + (blocksize/4)) + ¡A¥B¦b -current ¤U¶W¹L³o­Ó­­¨î¥i¯à·|¾É­P°ÝÃD²£¥Í¡C¨Ï¥Î¥¿½Tªº + 2G-1 block ­­¨îªº½T·|¾É­P°ÝÃDµo¥Í¡C + + + §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¦b³nºÐ¤W©ñ¤J 1TB ÀɮסH + +

§Ú¦Û¤v´N¦b³nºÐ¤ù¤W©ñ¦n´X­Ó :-)¡CÀɮתº³Ì¤j®e¶q¨Æ¹ê¤W¸òºÏºÐ³Ì¤j + ªº®e¶q¨Ã¨S¦³±K¤Á¬ÛÃö¡CºÏºÐªº³Ì¤j®e¶q¬O 1TB¡A³o¬O¤@­ÓÀɮפj¤p¥i + ¥H¶W¹LºÏºÐ®e¶qªº¤@­Ó¯S¦â¡C + +

¥H¤U½d¨Ò·|¦b¤p¤pªº root ¤À³Î°Ï«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¨Ï¥Î¾ã­ÓºÏºÐªº 32K ªÅ¶¡ + ¡A¤j¤p¬O 8T-1 ªºÀÉ®×(3 indirect blocks and 1 data block)¡Cdd + «ü¥O»Ý­nÅý dd ¯à¦b¤@­Ó¤jÀɮפU°õ¦æ¡C + + +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> cat foo +df . +dd if=/dev/zero of=z bs=1 seek=`echo 2^43 - 2 | bc` count=1 +ls -l z +du z +df . +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> sh foo +Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on +/dev/sd0a 64479 27702 31619 47% / +1+0 records in +1+0 records out +1 bytes transferred in 0.000187 secs (5346 bytes/sec) +-rw-r--r-- 1 bde bin 8796093022207 Sep 7 16:04 z +32 z +Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on +/dev/sd0a 64479 27734 31587 47% / +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> exit + + +

Bruce Evans, September 1998 + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b11845984 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ + + + + + + + ®Ö¤ß³]©w + + + + §Ú·Q¦Û­q®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¡A³o·|«Ü§xÃø¶Ü¡H + + +

¤£·|¡I½Ð¬d¾\ . + +

+ + §Úªº®Ö¤ß¦]¬° + +

Åý§Ú²q¬Ý¬Ý¡A§A§â±q§A + ªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɲ¾°£¤F¡A¦]¬°§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A¹ï¶Ü¡H¿ù¤F¡I:-) ³o­Ó + + ¦h­«°ð§Ç¦C½Xªº¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¡C + +

+ # + # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS + # + device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + + + + §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò±Ò°Ê QIC-40/80 ªº¤ä´©¡H + +

§A»Ý­n¦b¤@¯ë³]©wÀɤ¤§â¥H¤U³o¦æªºµù¸Ñ¨ú®ø(©Î¬O§â¥¦¥[¨ì§Aªº³]©wÀÉ + )¡A¦b³o¦æ¥[¤J`` +controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr +disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 ^^^^^^^^^ +disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 +#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + +

±µµÛ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b/dev«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¥s/dev/ft0ªº¸Ë¸m + µM«á°õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥O¡G + + + sh ./MAKEDEV ft0 + + +

¬Oµ¹²Ä¤@­Ó¸Ë¸m¨Ï¥Î¡C¦P²z§A±N·|¦³­Ó¥s/dev/ft0ªº¸Ë¸m¡A¥i¥H³z¹L¤@­Ó¯S®íªºµ{¦¡¥s + `` + ªº man page ¦³§ó¶i¤@¨B»¡©ú¡C + +

ª©¥»¤ñ/usr/src/sbin/ft§ä¥X³Ì·sª©ªº + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f9ac79e5d --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ + + + + + + + ¨ä¥¦¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº°ÝÃD + + + + ¬°¬Æ»ò FreeBSD ¥Îªº swap ªÅ¶¡¤ñ Linux ¦h? + + +

¤£¬O³o¼Ëªº. ¦pªG§Aªº·N«ä¬O: ``¬°¬Æ»ò§Úªº swap ¬Ý°_¨Óº¡¤F?'' + ¨º¬O¦]¬°§âªF¦è©ñ¦b swap ¸Ì«á®³¦^¨Óªº³t«×·|¤ñ pager ¸g¥ÑÀɮרt + ²Î®³¦^(¥¼­×§ï)ªº°õ¦æ½X§Ö. + + +

¨Æ¹ê¤W, °O¾ÐÅ餤 dirty pages ªº¶q¨Ã¥¼´î¤Ö; clean pages «h¦b»Ý + ­nªº®É«á²¾¨«. + + + + ¬°¬Æ»ò­n¥Î(¬Æ»ò¬O) a.out ©M ELF °õ¦æÀɮ榡? + + +

­n¤F¸Ñ¬°¬Æ»ò FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î a.out ®æ¦¡, ­º¥ý§A­nª¾¹D¤@¨Ç + ¥Ø«e Unix ¤¤¨Ï¥Î³Ì¼sªxªº¤TºØ®æ¦¡: + + + + +

³Ì¦­©M`¥j¨å'ªº unix ¥ØªºÀɮ榡. ¨Ï¥Î¤@ºØµu¦Óºò±KªºÀÉÀY, + ¦ñÀH¤@­Ó³q±`¥Î¨Ó¿ë»{®æ¦¡ªºÅ]³N¼Æ¦r(°Ñ¦Ò + ¦³§ó¦h²Ó¸`). ¨ã¦³¤T­Ó¸`°Ï: .text, .data, ©M .bss + ¥[¤W¤@­Ó²Å¸¹ªí©M¦r¦êªí. + + COFF +

SVR3 ¥ØªºÀɮ榡. ÀÉÀY¥]§t¤F¤@­Ó¸`°Ïªí, ©Ò¥H¥i¥H¨ã³Æ¤ñ + .text, .data, .bss ÁÙ¦hªº¸`°Ï. + + ELF +

FreeBSD ÂǥѤ@­Ó¤u¨ã, §âµ{¦¡»Ý­n¨ººØ ABI ªº¸ê°T ¯O¦L + ¦b ¨ú±o§ó¦h¸ê°T. + + +

FreeBSD ¨Ó¦Û "¥j¨å" °}Àç, ¶Ç²Î¤W³£¨Ï¥Î + ®æ¦¡, ³o¬O¦b¦n´X¥Nªº BSD ¤¤ÃÒ©ú¥i¾aªº­p³N. + ÁöµM¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥i¥H«Ø¥ß¥H¤Î°õ¦æ­ì¥Íªº ¦b FreeBSD ªºª¬ªp¤¤, §Ú­Ìªº¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®w¾÷¨î§ó±µªñ SunOS ªº + «¬¦¡, ¤]´N¬O, ©ö©ó¨Ï¥Î. + µM¦Ó, ±q 3.0 ¶}©l, FreeBSD ¥¿¦¡¤ä´© + ¦n§a, ¦ý¬°¬Æ»ò·|¦³³o»ò¦hºØ¤£¦Pªº®æ¦¡? + +

¦b¶Â·tªº¹L¥h, ¥u¦³Â²³æªºµwÅé. ²³æªºµwÅé¤ä´©¤p«¬¡B²³æªº¨t²Î. + a.out ¦b²³æªº¨t²Î¤W³Ó¥ô´r§Ö (PDP-11). ·í unix ²¾´Ó¨ì¨ä¥L¥­¥x®É, + a.out «O¯d¤F¤U¨Ó, ¦]¬°¹ï¦­´Áªº Motorola 68K, VAX ¤§Ãþªº¬[ºc¤w¸g + °÷¥Î¤F. + +

µM«á¦³¨ÇµwÅé¤uµ{®vı±oÅý³nÅé¦h°µÂI¨Æ, ¨º CPU ªº¹q´¹Åé´N¯à¤Ö + ¤@ÂI¦Ó¶]ªº§ó§Ö. ­n¦b³oºØ·s¦¡µwÅé¤W¤u§@(²{¦bºÙ¬°RISC), ¦¹¥~, ·íµ{¦¡¶V¨Ó¶V¤j¨àºÏºÐ(¥H¤Î¥D°O¾ÐÅé)¬Û¹ï¨Ó»¡¸û¤p®É, ¦@¨É + µ{¦¡®wªº·§©À´Nµo®i¥X¨Ó¤F. µêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé¨t²Î¤]Åܱo¶V¨Ó¶Vºë¥©. ·í¨C¤@ + ºØ¶i¨B³£¦b µM¦Ó, ÀHµÛ®É¶¡¹L¥h, FreeBSD ªº build tools §Î¦¨¤F¥­¦æªº¨â¤ä + (¤×¨ä¬O²ÕĶ¾¹©M loader). FreeBSD ³o¤ä¥[¶i¤F¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®w¥H¤Î­×¥¿ + ¤F¤@¨Ç¿ù»~. GNU ­ì¨Ó¼¶¼g³o¨Çµ{¦¡ªº¤H«h­«¼g¤F³o¨Çµ{¦¡, ¨Ã¥[¤J¤F + ¹ï©ó¸ó¥­¥x½sĶ, ¤£¦P®æ¦¡¼Ò²Õ¤§ÃþªºªF¦è§ó²³æªº¤ä´©. ³\¦h¤H·Q­n + °µ¥X¥H FreeBSD ¬°¥Øªº¥­¥xªº¸ó¥­¥x½sĶ¾¹, ¤£©¯ªº¬O FreeBSD ªº as + ©M ld ¤£¯à°µ³o¶µ¤u§@. ·sªº GNU ¤u¨ã(binutils) ¥[¤J¤F¸ó¥­¥x½sĶ¡B + + ¬°¬Æ»ò chmod ¤£·|§ïÅܲŸ¹³sµ²(symlink)ªº¦s¨úÅv­­? + +

§A¥²¶·§â `` + ¤Î man pages ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¸ê°T. + +

¥B¤£­n + ¥[¥ô¦ó¿ï¶µ, ¨Ã¥B¦b symlink ªºµ²§À¥[¤W±×½u(``/''). Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡ + , ¦pªG `` + chmod 555 foo/ + + +

¨Ì·Óµ²§Àªº±×½u, ·| + ¸g¹L³sµ² `` + + ¬°¬Æ»ò±b¸¹ + +

§A·|»{¬°­×§ï ¦b FreeBSD 3.0 ¥H¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥», ±b¸¹ªº³Ì¤jªø«×¼W¥[¨ì16­Ó¦r¤¸, + ¦Ó¨º¨Ç¼g¦ºªø«×ªºµ{¦¡¤]§ä¥X¨Ó­×¥¿. ¼vÅT¨ì¨t²Î¦p¦¹¦h³¡¥÷¥¿¬Oª½¨ì + 3.0 ¤~°µ­×§ïªº­ì¦].

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¦pªG§A¦³¦Û«H¦b¥X°ÝÃDªº®É«á¯à¦Û¦æ¸Ñ¨M, §A¥i¥H¥Î¤U­±ªº¤èªkÅý¸û¦­ªº + ª©¥»¤ä´©¸ûªøªº±b¸¹. ­×§ï /usr/include/utmp.h ¤¤ªº UT_NAMESIZE. §A¤] + ¥²¶·§â /usr/include/sys/param.h ¤¤ªº MAXLOGNAME §ï¦¨¸ò UT_NAMESIZE + ¬Û²Å. ³Ì«á, ¦pªG§A¬O±q­ì©lµ{¦¡«Ø¥ß¨t²Î, §O§Ñ¤F /usr/include ¨C¦¸³£ + ·|§ó·s! ­×§ï /usr/src/.. ¤¤¾A·íªºÀÉ®×.

+ + + §Ú¯à¦b FreeBSD ¤U¶] DOS µ{¦¡¶Ü? + +

¬Oªº, ±q 3.0 ª©¶}©l¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤w¸g¾ã¦X¨Ã¥[±jªº BSDI + +

¹ï 3.0 ¤§«eªº¨t²Î, ¦b port ¤¤¦³¤@­Ó·¥¨Îªº¤u¨ãµ{¦¡ + + ¥i¥H¼ÒÀÀ 8088 ©M¨¬°÷ªº BIOS ªA°È¥H°õ¦æ DOS ¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡µ{¦¡. ¥¦¶·­n X Window + System (¥Ñ XFree86 ´£¨Ñ). + + + + ¬Æ»ò¬O `` + +

+ ·N«ä¬O Software Update Protocol, ¥Ñ CMU µo®i¥Hºû«ùµo®iªº¦P¨B. + §Ú­Ì§Q¥Î¥L¨Ó«O«ù»·ºÝªº¯¸¥x©M­ì©l¯¸¥x¦P¨B. + +

SUP ¹ïÀW¼eªº¨Ï¥Î¤£¤Íµ½, ¦Ó¥B¤w©ñ±ó¤F. ¥Ø«e«Øijºû«ù­ì©l½X§ó·sªº¤èªk¬O + + + + + How cool is FreeBSD? + +

°Ý: ¦³¤H°µ¹L FreeBSD °õ¦æ®Éªº·Å«×´ú¸Õ¶Ü? §Úª¾¹D Linux ¤ñ DOS ²D, + ¦ý¨SÅ¥¤H´£¹L FreeBSD. ¦ü¥G«Ü¼ö. + +

A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded + volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 + administered beforehand. 35% of the volunteers said that FreeBSD + tasted sort of orange, whereas Linux tasted like purple haze. + Neither group mentioned any particular variances in temperature + that I can remember. We eventually had to throw the results of + this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too many + volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus + skewing the results. I think most of the volunteers are at Apple + now, working on their new ``scratch and sniff'' GUI. It's a + funny old business we're in! + +

¤£¶}ª±¯º¤F, FreeBSD ©M Linux ³£¨Ï¥Î `` + ½Ö¦b§Úªº°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ¤¤¨F¨F§@ÅT?? + +

°Ý: FreeBSD ½sĶ®Ö¤ß®É¦³°µ¬Æ»ò "©_¯S" ªº¨ÆÅý°OĶÅé¨F¨F§@ÅT¶Ü? + ·í½sĶ®É(ÁÙ¦³¶}¾÷®É½T»{³nºÐ«áªºµu¼È®É¶¡), ¤]ºØ¦ü¥G¨Ó¦Û°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ + ªº©_©ÇÁn­µ. + +

µª; ¬Oªº! ¦b BSD ªº¤å¥ó¤¤§A·|±`±`¬Ý¨ì ``­I«áÆF'', ¤j³¡¥÷ªº¤H + ³£¤£ª¾¹D¨º¬O¤@ºØ¹ê»Ú¦s¦bªººë¯«Åé --- ´x±±µÛ§Aªº¹q¸£. §AÅ¥¨ìªºÁn­µ + ¬O³o¨Ç­I«áÆF¥H°ª­µ¤f­ï¦b·¾³q«ç¼Ë°µ³\¦hªº¨t²ÎºÞ²z¤u§@. + +

¦pªG³o¨ÇÁn­µ«Ü§xÂZ§A, ¨Ó¦Û DOS ªº ``fdisk /mbr'' ´N + ¯àÂ\²æ, ¦ý¦pªG¦³¬Û¤Ïªº®ÄªG¤]¤£­nÅå³Y. ¨Æ¹ê¤W, ¦pªG¦b»ö¦¡¤¤Å¥¨ì + Bill Gates ®£©ÆªºÁn­µ±q¤º«Øªº³â¥z¶Ç¨Ó, °¨¤W°k¦Ó¥B¤£­n¦^ÀY! + ±q BSD ­I«áÆF¤£¥­¿Åªº¼vÅT¤¤¸Ñ©ñ, DOS ©M Windows ­I«áÆF³q±`³£¯à + ­«·s±±¨î¾ã¥x¾÷¾¹¨Ã¹ï§AªºÆF»î¶A©G. ¦pªG¦³¿ï¾Ü, §Ú·Q§Ú¹çÄ@²ßºD©_ + ©ÇªºÁn­µ. + + + MFC ¬O¬Æ»ò·N«ä? + +

MFC ¬O 'Merged From -CURRENT' ªºÁY¼g. ¨Ï¥Î¦b CVS °O¿ý¤¤¥H + ªí¥Ü±q CURRENT ¤¤¾ã¦X¶i STABLE ¤À¤äªº§ïÅÜ. + + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8cbbaa5ac9 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,1158 @@ + + + + + + + Networking + + + §ÚÀ³¸Ó¨ì­þÃä§ä¦³ÃöµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷ (diskless booting) ªº¸ê®Æ? + +

µLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷´N¬OÅý FreeBSD ¥D¾÷±qºô¸ô¤W¶}¾÷,¨Ã¥B±qºô¸ô¤Wªº server ¤WŪ¨ú + ¨ä¥L¥²­nªºÀÉ®×,¦Ó«D¥Ñ¥D¾÷ªºµwºÐ¤W¨ú±o³o¨ÇÀɮסC ¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò + its hard disk. For full details, please read + + + + + FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷¥i¥H·í§@¬Y­Óºô¸ô¤Wªº¸ô¥Ñ¾¹ (router) ¶Ü ? + + +

¥Ñ©óºô»Úºô¸ôªº¼Ð·Ç¤Æ©Mµ{¦¡³]­pªº¥R¤À¸gÅ礧½ç,§Ú­Ì + ¯à°÷¦b FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤º«Ø«Ê¥]Âà¶Ç (packet fowarding) ªº¥\¯à¡C§A¥i¥H + ±N³o­Ó¥\¯à¥´¶},¥u­n±N³o­ÓÅܼƳ]©w¬° + ³o­ÓÀɮפ¤ + + + gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway + + +

³o­Ó¿ï¶µ·|±N ÅܼƳ]©w + ¦b¤j³¡¤Àªºª¬ªp¤U, §AÁÙ¥²¶·¦A¶]¤@­Ó³B²z routing ªºµ{¦¡,§i¶Dºô¸ô¤Wªº¨ä¥L + ¥D¾÷Ãö©ó§Aªº router ³]©wªº¸ê®Æ; FreeBSD + ¥X¼t®É«K¤ºªþ¤@­Ó¼Ð·Çªº BSD routing µ{¦¡ + , ¦pªG§Aªººô¸ô³]©w§ó¬°½ÆÂø,§A¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý + §Ú­Ì¦³¥²­n§i¶D§A,´Nºâ¬O FreeBSD ¥H³oºØ¤è¦¡³]©w§¹¦¨ + , ¥¦ÁÙ¬OµLªk§¹¥þº¡¨¬ Internet ¹ï router ªº¼Ð·Ç©w¸q + ;¤£¹L, ´N¤é±`¨Ï¥Î¦Ó¨¥¥¦¤w¸g¨¬°÷À³¥I¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº»Ý¨D¤F¡C + + + §Ú¥i¥H³z¹L FreeBSD ±N§Úªº Win95 ¾÷¾¹³s¤W Internet ¶Ü? + +

°ò¥»¤W, ·|°Ý³oºØ°ÝÃDªº¤H¦b®a¸Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¥x¹q¸£, ¤@¥x¶] FreeBSD + ¥t¥~¤@¥x¶] Win95; ³o­Ó¥D·N¬O±N FreeBSD ¥D¾÷³s¤W Internet + ,µM«á³z¹L³o¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷,Åý¶] Win95 ªº¹q¸£¯à°÷¤Wºô¡C + ³o­Ó°ÝÃDºâ¬O«e¤@­Ó°ÝÃDªº¤@­Ó¯S¨Ò¡C + +

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©Î¬O + + ¦b§Aªº FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¤W¡C + +

¥t¥~¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò . + + + + ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b compile ISC ³Ì·sª©ªº BIND µ{¦¡®É¦Ñ¬O¥¢±Ñ? + + +

¦b ``compat/include/sys/cdefs.h ¬å±¼´N¥i¥H¤F¡C + + + FreeBSD ¤ä´© SLIP ©M PPP ¶Ü? + +

¬Oªº¡C §A¥i¥H¬d¬d man pages ¤¤Ãö©ó + , , + ¥H¤Î + ªº»¡©ú. + ±Mªù³B²z¦³Ãö¼·¤Jªº¥\¯à,¦Ó + ³B²z¦³Ãö¼·¥Xªº¥\¯à¡C + +

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¦pªG§A¥u¯àÂÇ¥Ñ"shell account"ªº¤è¦¡¤Wºôªº¸Ü, + §A¥i¯à·|·Q¬Ý¬Ý + ³o­Ó³nÅé¡C ¥¦¥i¥HÅý§Aªº¹q¸£ª½±µ³s¤W (¬Y¨Ç) ªA°È, + ¨Ò¦p ftp ©M http µ¥µ¥¡C + + + + FreeBSD ¤ä´© NAT ©Î Masquerading ¶Ü? + +

¦pªG§A¦³¤@­ÓªñºÝªº¤lºô¸ô(¦³¤@¥x¥H¤Wªº¾÷¾¹), ¦ý¬O§Aªº Internet provider + «o¥u¤À°t¤@­Ó IP number µ¹§A + (©ÎªÌ§A¥u¤À°t¨ì¤@­Ó°ÊºAªº IP number), §A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò + + ³o­Óµ{¦¡¡C ³o­Óµ{¦¡¤]´£¨ÑÃþ¦üªº¥\¯à , ¦pªG§A¤U + + ¦b³o¨â­Ó³B²z¤è¦¡¤¤³£·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¨ì¡C + + + + §Ú¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î ppp ,§Ú°µ¿ù¤F¤°»ò¶Ü ? + +

§AÀ³¸Ó¥ý¬Ý¬Ý ©M + . ¨Ï¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¨Ó¥´¶}°O¿ý (logging) ªº¥\¯à + + + set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command + + +

³o­Ó©R¥O¥i¥H¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ²ÕºAÀɮפ¤¥[¤J¡C + (¥[¦b default section ªº¶}ÀY³Ì¦n). + ½T©w¦b ¸Ì­±¦³³o»ò¤@¦æ: + + + !ppp + *.* /var/log/ppp.log + + +

¦Ó¥B/var/log/ppp.log ³o­ÓÀɮצs¦b¡C ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó + §A¥i¥H±q log Àɮפ¤ª¾¹D¨ì©³µo¥Í¤F¤°»ò¨Æ±¡¡C + ¥ý¤£¥Î¾á¤ßÀɮתº¤º®e§A¬Ý¤£À´, ¦pªG§A­n¦V¤H¨D±Ïªº¸Ü + , ±Ï§Aªº¤H·|¬Ý±oÀ´ªº¡C + +

¦pªG§A¨t²Î¤Wªº¨º¥÷ ppp ¤£´£¨Ñ "set log" + ªº«ü¥Oªº¸Ü, §AÀ³¸Ó¥h¤U¸ü + . + ³o­Óª©¥»¦b FreeBSD 2.1.5 ¥H¤Wªºª©¥»³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C + + + §Ú¤@°õ¦æ ppp ,¥¦´N±¾¦b¨ºÃ䤣°Ê¤F + +

·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î³q±`¬O§Aªº hostname ¨S¦³¿ìªk¸Ñ¥X¨Ó¡C ¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD + ³Ì¦nªº¿ìªk¬O½T©w /etc/hosts ·|³Q§Aªº resolver ²Ä¤@­Ó°Ñ¦Ò¨ì¡C + §A¥i¥H­×§ï/etc/host.conf + ¨Ã¥B§âhosts ©ñ¨ì³Ì«e­±. ±µµÛ, ¥u­n§â§Aªº¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ©ñ¨ì + /etc/hosts ¸Ì­±´N¥i¥H¤F¡C ¦pªG§A¨S¦³ + local network ªº¸Ü, ­×§ï localhost ³o¤@¦æ: + + +127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost + + + §_«h, ´N§â§A¥D¾÷ªº¸ê°T¥[¤JÀɮפ¤¡C §A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò + ¬ÛÃöªº man pages ¥HÀò±o¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡C +

¦pªG§A¶¶§Qªº§¹¦¨³o¨Ç°Ê§@, §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦¨¥\ªº°õ¦æ ping -c1 `hostname` + . + + + Ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U¤£¯à¼·¸¹ + +

­º¥ý½T©w§Aªº¤º©w¸ô¥Ñ (default route) ¬O§_¦³³]©w¡C ¤U + name="netstat -rn"> ³o­Ó«ü¥O, §AÀ³¸Ó¯à°÷¬Ý¨ì¦p¥H¤U½d¨Òªº¨â­Ó entries : + + +Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire +default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 +10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0 + + +

This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the + handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file. + If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're + running an old version of that doesn't understand the + word + add 0 0 HISADDR + + +

line to one saying + + + add 0 0 10.0.0.2 + + +

Another reason for the default route line being missing is that + you have mistakenly set up a default router in your + file (this file was called + /etc/sysconfig prior to release 2.2.2), and you have + omitted the line saying + + + delete ALL + + +

from ppp.conf. If this is the case, go back to the + section of the handbook. + + + What does "No route to host" mean + +

This error is usually due to a missing + + + MYADDR: + delete ALL + add 0 0 HISADDR + + +

section in your /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup file. This is + only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address or don't know the + address of your gateway. If you're using interactive mode, you can + type the following after entering + delete ALL + add 0 0 HISADDR + + +

Refer to the section of the handbook + for further details. + + + My connection drops after about 3 minutes + +

The default ppp timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted + with the line + + + set timeout NNN + + +

where ppp.conf file, or to type it at the prompt in + interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while + the line is active by connecting to + or . Refer to the + man + page for further details. + + + My connection drops under heavy load + +

If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured, it is + possible that too many LQR packets are lost between your + machine and the peer. Ppp deduces that the line must therefore + be bad, and disconnects. Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, + LQR was enabled by default. It is now disabled by default. + LQR can be disabled with the line + + + disable lqr + + + + My connection drops after a random amount of time + +

Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with + call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it + thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier. + +

There's a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant + it should be to temporary losses of carrier. On a USR + Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10 register in + tenths of a second. To make your modem more forgiving, you could + add the following send-expect sequence to your dial string: + + + set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......" + + +

Refer to your modem manual for details. + + + Nothing happens after the Login OK! message + +

Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was established, + would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control + Protocol (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and + expect the client to do so. To force + set openmode active + + +

+ I keep seeing errors about magic being the same + +

Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages in + the log that say "magic is the same". Sometimes, these + messages are harmless, and sometimes one side or the other + exits. Most ppp implementations cannot survive this problem, and + even if the link seems to come up, you'll see repeated configure + requests and configure acknowledgements in the log file until + ppp eventually gives up and closes the connection. + +

This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that + are spawning a getty on the port, and executing ppp from a + login script or program after login. I've also heard reports + of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is + that in the time taken between getty exiting and ppp starting, the + client-side ppp starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) + packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on + the server, the client ppp sees these packets "reflect" back. + +

One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number + for each side of the link so that "reflections" can be detected. + The protocol says that when the peer tries to negotiate + the same magic number, a NAK should be sent and a new magic + number should be chosen. During the period that the server + port has ECHO turned on, the client ppp sends LCP packets, + sees the same magic in the reflected packet and NAKs it. It + also sees the NAK reflect (which also means ppp must change + its magic). This produces a potentially enormous number of + magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into + the server's tty buffer. As soon as ppp starts on the server, + it's flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately + decides it's tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. + Meanwhile, the client, who no longer sees the reflections, + becomes happy just in time to see a hangup from the server. + +

This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating + with the following line in your ppp.conf file: + + + set openmode passive + + +

This tells ppp to wait for the server to initiate LCP + negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. + If this is the case, you can do something like: + + + set openmode active 3 + + +

This tells ppp to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start + sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during + this period, ppp will immediately respond rather than waiting for + the full 3 second period. + + + + LCP negotiations continue 'till the connection is closed + + +

There is currently an implementation mis-feature in This goes on 'till one side figures out that they're getting + nowhere and gives up. + +

The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be + + set openmode passive + + + command. Care should be taken with this option. You should also + use the + + + set stopped N + + + command to limit the amount of time that + set openmode active N + + + command (where + Ppp locks up shortly after connecting + +

Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that your + link was disabled shortly after connection due to + disable pred1 + + + + Ppp locks up when I shell out to test it + +

When you execute the If you wish to execute commands like this, use the + + Ppp over a null-modem cable never exits + +

There is no way for + enable lqr + + +

LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer. + + + Why does ppp dial for no reason in -auto mode + +

If To determine the cause, use the following line: + + + set log +tcp/ip + + +

This will log all traffic through the connection. The next + time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the reason + logged with a convenient timestamp next to it. + +

You can now disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, + this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent + DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will + set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53 + set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53 + set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0 + + +

This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break your + demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS lookup + before doing any other network related things. + +

In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is actually + trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, + is the culprit. You should make sure that you tell + sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See + the section on for + details on how to create your own configuration file and what should + go into it. You may also want to add the following line to your + + define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl + + +

This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue is + run (usually, sendmail is invoked with ``-bd -q30m'', telling it + to run the queue every 30 minutes) or until a ``sendmail -q'' + is done (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file). + + + What do these CCP errors mean + +

I keep seeing the following errors in my log file: + + + CCP: CcpSendConfigReq + CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6) + + +

This is because ppp is trying to negotiate Predictor1 + compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any + compression at all. The messages are harmless, but if you + wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression + locally too: + + + disable pred1 + + + + Ppp locks up during file transfers with IO errors + +

Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the tun + driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger than + the tun interface's MTU size. Receipt of a packet greater than + the MTU size results in an IO error being logged via syslogd. + +

The ppp specification says that an MRU of 1500 should + always be accepted as a minimum, despite any LCP + negotiations, therefore it is possible that should you decrease + the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will transmit packets of + 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this non-feature - locking + up your link. + +

The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of + less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before. + + + Why doesn't ppp log my connection speed? + +

In order to log all lines of your modem ``conversation'', + you must enable the following: + + + set log +connect + + +

This will make + + log everything up until the last requested "expect" string. + +

If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP or CHAP + (and therefore don't have anything to "chat" after the CONNECT + in the dial script - no "set login" script), you must make sure that + you instruct ppp to "expect" the whole CONNECT line, something like + this: + + + set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n" + + +

Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a line-feed, + forcing + Ppp ignores the `\' character in my chat script + +

Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can + interpret strings such as When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets + the argument in order to find any special escape sequences such + as ``\P'' or ``\T'' (see the man page). As a result of this + double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of + escapes. + +

If you wish to actually send a ``\'' character to (say) your + modem, you'd need something like: + + + set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK" + + +

resulting in the following sequence: + + + ATZ + OK + AT\X + OK + + +

or + + + set phone 1234567 + set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T" + + +

resulting in the following sequence: + + + ATZ + OK + ATDT1234567 + + + + Ppp gets a seg-fault, but I see no + +

Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never + dump core. Because ppp runs with an effective user id of 0, + the operating system will not write ppps core image to disk + before terminating it. If, however ppp + $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz + $ cd ppp*/ppp + $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile + $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile + $ make clean all + $ su + # make install + # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp + + +

You will now have a debuggable version of ppp installed. You + will have to be root to run ppp as all of its privileges have + been revoked. When you start ppp, take a careful note of what + your current directory was at the time. + +

Now, if and when ppp receives the segmentation violation, it + will dump a core file called ppp.core. You should then do the + following: + + + $ su + # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core + (gdb) bt + ..... + (gdb) f 0 + ..... + (gdb) i args + ..... + (gdb) l + ..... + + +

All of this information should be given alongside your + question, making it possible to diagnose the problem. +

If you're familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some + other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and + the addresses & values of the relevant variables. + + + + The process that forces a dial in auto mode never connects + + +

This was a known problem with The problem was that when that initial program calls + , the IP number of the tun interface is + assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first + outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. There are several theoretical ways to approach this problem. + It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the same IP number + if possible The easiest method from our side would be to never change the + tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing packets + so that the source IP number is changed from the interface IP to + the negotiated IP on the fly. This is essentially what the + + and ppp's Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would be + to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets from one + IP to another. Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be brought + up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be given + an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first SIOCAIFADDR + ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding the socket. It + would be up to + Why don't most games work with the -alias switch + +

The reason games and the like don't work when libalias is + in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a + connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine + on the inside. The packet alias software doesn't know that + it should send these packets to the interior machine. + +

To make things work, make sure that the only thing running + is the software that you're having problems with, then either + run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or enable ppp + tcp/ip logging (``set log +tcp/ip'') on the gateway. + +

When you start the offending software, you should see packets + passing through the gateway machine. When something comes back + from the outside, it'll be dropped (that's the problem). Note + the port number of these packets then shut down the offending + software. Do this a few times to see if the port numbers are + consistent. If they are, then the following line in the relevant + section of /etc/ppp/ppp.conf will make the software functional: + + + alias port proto internalmachine:port port + + +

where ``proto'' is either ``tcp'' or ``udp'', + ``internalmachine'' is the machine that you want the packets + to be sent to and ``port'' is the destination port number of + the packets. + +

You won't be able to use the software on other machines + without changing the above command, and running the software + on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question + - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal + network as being just a single machine. + +

If the port numbers aren't consistent, there are three more + options: + +

1) Submit support in libalias. Examples of ``special + cases'' can be found in /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c (alias_ftp.c + is a good prototype). This usually involves reading certain + recognised outgoing packets, identifying the instruction that + tells the outside machine to initiate a connection back to the + internal machine on a specific (random) port and setting up a + ``route'' in the alias table so that the subsequent packets + know where to go. + +

This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best and + will make the software work with multiple machines. + +

2) Use a proxy. The application may support socks5 + for example, or (as in the ``cvsup'' case) may have a ``passive'' + option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open connections + back to the local machine. + +

3) Redirect everything to the internal machine using + ``alias addr''. This is the sledge-hammer approach. + + + What are FCS errors ? + +

FCS stands for show hdlc command. + +

If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping + packets), you will see the occasional FCS error. This is not + usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the + compression protocols substantially. If you have an external + modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from + interference - this may eradicate the problem. + +

If your link freezes as soon as you've connected and you see + a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link is + not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software + flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink must use + software flow control, use the command + set accmap 0x000a0000 to tell ppp to escape + the ^Q and ^S characters. + +

Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that + the remote end has stopped talking close lcp command (a following term command + will reconnect you to the shell on the remote machine. + +

If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might + have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator + (your ISP?) why the session was terminated. + + + None of this helps - I'm desperate ! + +

If all else fails, send as much information as you can, + including your config files, how you're starting command (before and after connecting) to the + mailing list or the + news group, and someone + should point you in the right direction. + + + I can't create a /dev/ed0 device! + +

In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only + directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the + /etc/rc.network file and the manual pages for the various + network programs mentioned there for more information. If this + leaves you totally confused, then you should pick up a book + describing network administration on another BSD-related + operating system; with few significant exceptions, administering + networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or + Ultrix. + + + How can I setup Ethernet aliases? + +

Add `` + command-line like the following: + + + ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff + + + + How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? + +

If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an + additional parameter on the + command line. The + default port is ``. + + + I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD. + +

Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it + mildly) and can sometimes cause problems with network intensive + applications like NFS. + +

See + for more information on this topic. + + + Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box? + +

Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests + from a privileged port; try + + + mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt + + + + Why can't I NFS-mount from a Sun box? + +

Sun workstations running SunOS 4.X only accept mount requests + from a privileged port; try + + + mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt + + + + I'm having problems talking PPP to NeXTStep machines. + +

Try disabling the TCP extensions in by + changing the following variable to NO: + + + tcp_extensions=NO + + +

Xylogic's Annex boxes are also broken in this regard and you must + use the above change to connect thru them. + + + How do I enable IP multicast support? + +

Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and + later by default. If you want your box to run as a multicast router, + you will need to recompile your kernel with the MROUTING + option and run /etc/rc.conf. + +

MBONE tools are available in their own ports category, mbone. If + you are looking for the conference tools For more information, see the + . + + + Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI chipset? + +

Here is a list compiled by , with some more modern additions: + + + Vendor Model + ---------------------------------------------- + ASUS PCI-L101-TB + Accton ENI1203 + Cogent EM960PCI + Compex ENET32-PCI + D-Link DE-530 + Dayna DP1203, DP2100 + DEC DE435 + Danpex EN-9400P3 + JCIS Condor JC1260 + Linksys EtherPCI + Mylex LNP101 + SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332) + SMC EtherPower (Model 8432) + TopWare TE-3500P + Zynx ZX342 + + + + Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site? + +

You will probably find that the host is actually in a different + domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach + a host called ``mumble'' in the bar.edu domain, you will have to + refer to it by the fully-qualified domain name, ``mumble.bar.edu'', + instead of just ``mumble''. + +

Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers. However + the current version of that ships + with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-fully + qualified domain names other than the domain you are in. + So an unqualified host mumble must either be found + as mumble.foo.bar.edu, or it will be searched for + in the root domain. + +

This is different from the previous behavior, where the + search continued across mumble.bar.edu, and + mumble.edu. Have a look at RFC 1535 for why this + was considered bad practice, or even a security hole. + +

As a good workaround, you can place the line + + + search foo.bar.edu bar.edu + + +

instead of the previous + + + domain foo.bar.edu + + +

into your file. However, make sure that the search order + does not go beyond the ``boundary between local and public + administration'', as RFC 1535 calls it. + + + ``Permission denied'' for all networking operations. + +

If you have compiled your kernel with the If you had unintentionally misconfigured your system for + firewalling, you can restore network operability by typing + the following while logged in as root: + + + ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any + + +

You can also set "firewall_type='open'" in /etc/rc.conf. + +

For further information on configuring a FreeBSD firewall, + see the . + + + How much overhead does IPFW incur? + +

The answer to this depends mostly on your rule set and processor + speed. For most applications dealing with ethernet and small + rule sets, the answer is, negligible. For those of you that need + actual measurements to satisfy your curiosity, read on. + +

The following measurements were made using 2.2.5-STABLE on + a 486-66. IPFW was modified to measure the time spent within + the Two rule sets, each with 1000 rules were tested. The first set + was designed to demonstrate a worst case scenario by repeating the + rule: + + + ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555 + + +

This demonstrates worst case by causing most of IPFW's packet + check routine to be executed before finally deciding that the + packet does not match the rule (by virtue of the port number). + Following the 999th iteration of this rule was an allow ip + from any to any. + +

The second set of rules were designed to abort the rule + check quickly: + + + ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4 + + +

The nonmatching source IP address for the above rule causes + these rules to be skipped very quickly. As before, the 1000th + rule was an allow ip from any to any. + +

The per-packet processing overhead in the former case was + approximately 2.703ms/packet, or roughly 2.7 microseconds per + rule. Thus the theoretical packet processing limit with these + rules is around 370 packets per second. Assuming 10Mbps ethernet + and a ~1500 byte packet size, we would only be able to achieve a + 55.5% bandwidth utilization. + +

For the latter case each packet was processed in + approximately 1.172ms, or roughly 1.2 microseconds per rule. + The theoretical packet processing limit here would be about + 853 packets per second, which could consume 10Mbps ethernet + bandwidth. + +

The excessive number of rules tested and the nature of those + rules do not provide a real-world scenario -- they were used only + to generate the timing information presented here. Here are a + few things to keep in mind when building an efficient rule set: + + + + Place an `established' rule early on to handle the + majority of TCP traffic. Don't put any allow tcp + statements before this rule. + + Place heavily triggered rules earlier in the rule + set than those rarely used (without changing the + permissiveness of the firewall, of course). You can see + which rules are used most often by examining the packet counting + statistics with ipfw -a l. + + + + + How can I redirect service requests from one machine to another? + + +

You can redirect FTP (and other service) request with the 'socket' + package, available in the ports tree in category 'sysutils'. + Simply replace the service's commandline to call socket instead, like so: + + +ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp + + +

where 'ftp.foo.com' and 'ftp' are the host and port to redirect to, + respectively. + + + Where can I get a bandwidth management tool? + +

There are two bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. + is available for free; Bandwidth Manager from + is + a commercial product. + + + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1d017fc67 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,549 @@ + + + + + + + «e¨¥ + +

Åwªï¨Ó¨ì FreeBSD 2.X FAQ! + + + ¼g³o¥÷ FAQ ªº¥Øªº¬O¤°»ò ? + +

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+ + ±z¥i¥H§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¥¦, §Y¨Ï¬O¥Î©ó°Ó·~¥Î³~¡C + + ¾ã­Ó FreeBSD §@·~¨t²Î§¹¾ãªº­ì©lµ{¦¡³£¥i¥H§K¶O¨ú±o, ¦Ó¥B¦b¨Ï¥Î + ¤Î´²§G¦U¤è­±¤]¥u¨ü¨ì³Ì¤pªº­­¨î (¤£½×¬O§_¥Î©ó°Ó·~¥Î³~)¡C + + ¥ô¦ó¤H³£¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¦a§â¥L¹ï¨t²Îªº§ï¨}©Î¿ù»~­×¥¿ªºµ{¦¡½X¥[¤J + source tree ¤§¤¤ (·íµM­n²Å¦X´X­Ó¥ý¨M±ø¥ó)¡C + + +

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¦^·¹¨ì FreeBSD 2.0.5 ­èµoªíªº®É­Ô, §Ú­Ì¨M©w§â FreeBSD ªº release + ¤À¦¨¨â¤ä¡C¤@¤ä¥s°µ , + §Ú­Ì¥u¹ï¥¦°µ¿ù»~­×¥¿¤Î¤p´T«×ªº­×§ï (³o¬Oµ¹ ISP ©M°Ó·~¤½¥qµ¥¹ï¹êÅ礤¥\ + ¯à¤£·P¿³½ìªº³æ¦ì©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº)¡C¥t¥~¤@¤ä¥s°µ + , ±q 2.0 ª©µo¦æ¥H + «á´N¤£¶¡Â_¦a´ÂµÛ 3.0-RELEASE (¥H¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥») «e¶iµÛ¡C¤U­±´N¬Oª©¥»ºt + ¶iªº¥Ü·N¹Ï : + + + 2.0 + | + | + | [2.1-stable] + *BRANCH* 2.0.5 -> 2.1 -> 2.1.5 -> 2.1.6 -> 2.1.7.1 [2.1-stable ends] + | (Mar 1997) + | + | + | [2.2-stable] + *BRANCH* 2.2.1 -> 2.2.2-RELEASE -> 2.2.5 -> 2.2.6 -> 2.2.7 -> 2.2.8 [end] + | (Mar 1997) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Jul 98) (Dec 98) + | + | + 3.0-SNAPs (started Q1 1997) + | + | + 3.0.0-RELEASE (Oct 1998) + | + | [3.0-stable] + *BRANCH* 3.0.1 (Feb 1999) -> ... future 3.0.x releases ... + | + | + \|/ + + + [3.1-current continues] + + +

-current ³o­Ó¤À¤ä¥¿½wºC¦a´Â¦V 3.0.1 ¥H¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»«e¶iµÛ, ¦Ó¤§«eªº + 2.2-stable ¤À¤ä«hÀHµÛ 2.2.8 ªºµoªí¦Ó¥\¦¨¨­°h¡C3.0-current ±N·|¦¨¬°¥D­n + ªºµo®i½u, ª½¨ì 1999 ¦~ªì 3.0.1 µoªí¬°¤î¡C¨ì¨º­Ó®É­Ô, 3.0 ´N·|¦¨¬°¥t¤@ + ­Ó¤À¤ä, ¦Ó 3.1-current «hÅܦ¨¤U¤@­Ó "current ¤À¤ä"¡C + + + ·sªº FreeBSD ±N©ó¤°»ò®É­Ô±À¥X ? + +

¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥, ·í FreeBSD core team »{¬°¤w¸g²Ö¿n¤F¨¬°÷¦hªº·s¥\¯à©M¿ù»~­× + ¥¿, ¦Ó¥B³o¨Ç§ó°Ê¨Ã¤£¼vÅT¨t²Îí©w«×ªº®É­Ô, ¥L­Ì¤~·|±À¥X·sª©ªº FreeBSD¡C + ÁöµMµ¥«Ý³o¨Ç¦nªF¦èªº®É¶¡¥O¤H¦³ÂIªq³à, ¦ý¬O¤j¦h¼Æªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£»{¬°³oºØÂÔ·V + ªººA«×¬O FreeBSD ³Ì¦nªº³¡¥÷¤§¤@¡C + +

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FreeBSD 3.x ¥Ø«e¥i¥H¦b + ¤W¨Ï¥Î, ´N¹³¦b x86 ¬[ + ºc¤U¨Ï¥Î¤@¼Ë¡C§Ú­Ì¹ï²¾´Ó¨ì SPARC ¤W¤]¦³¬Û·íªº¿³½ì, ¤£¹L³o³¡¥÷ªº­pµeÁÙ + ¨S¦³§¹¥þ©ú®Ô¤Æ¡C + + ¦pªG±zªº¾÷¾¹¤£¬O¥H¤W³o¨Ç¬[ºc, ¦Ó¥B±z²{¦b´N­nªº¸Ü, §Ú­Ì«Øij±z°Ñ¦Ò + ©Î¬O + ¡C + + + ½Ö­t³d FreeBSD ªºµo®i ? + +

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¨C­Ó FreeBSD ªº­«­nª©¥»³£¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ°Î¦W ftp ±q + + ¨ú±o¡C + + + ¦pªG¬O¥Ø«eªº 2.2-stable release, 2.2.8R, ½Ð¬Ý + ³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¡C + + ¦pªG¬O¥Ø«eªº 3.0-current release, 3.0-SNAP, ½Ð¬Ý + ³o­Ó¥Ø + ¿ý¡C + + ÀHµÛ RELENG_2_2 ¤À¤ä («á¨Óªº 2.2.8) ºCºC¦a¶i¤JºûÅ@¶¥¬q, §Ú­Ì¨C + ¤Ñ³£·|µo¦æ ¡C§Ú­Ì¥Ø«e¥¿§´µ½ºûÅ@µÛ RELENG_2_2 ³o­Ó¤À¤ä, °£«D + ¹ï¨t²Î¦w¥þ©Î¬O¨t²Îªº¥i¾a©Ê¦³©Ò¼W±j, §_«h§Ú­Ì±N¤£¦A§ó°Ê¡C + + ¤À¤ä¤]¬O¨C¤Ñ±À¥X + , ¯Âºé¬O¬°¤F¼ö¤ßªº´ú¸ÕªÌ¥H¤Îµo®i¤H­û©Ò´£¨Ñªº¡C + + +

FreeBSD ªº CDROM ¥i¥H±q¤U¦C¦a¤è¨ú±o : + +

Walnut Creek CDROM + 4041 Pike Lane, Suite F + Concord, CA 94520 USA + Orders: +1 800 786-9907 + Questions: +1 925 674-0783 + FAX: +1 925 674-0821 + email: + + WWW: + + +

¦pªG±z¦b¿D¬w, ±z¥i¥H§ä : + +

Advanced Multimedia Distributors + Factory 1/1 Ovata Drive + Tullamarine, Melbourne + Victoria + Australia + Voice: +61 3 9338 6777 + + CDROM Support BBS + 17 Irvine St + Peppermint Grove WA 6011 + Voice: +61 9 385-3793 + Fax: +61 9 385-2360 + + ¦b­^°ê : + + The Public Domain & Shareware Library + Winscombe House, Beacon Rd + Crowborough + Sussex. TN6 1UL + Voice: +44 1892 663-298 + Fax: +44 1892 667-473 + + + + §Ú¦b¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì¦³Ãö FreeBSD mailing lists ªº¸ê°T ? + +

±z¥i¥H¦b ¤¤§ä¨ì§¹¾ãªº¸ê°T¡C + + + ¦³¤°»ò°Q½× FreeBSD ªº·s»D°Q½×¸s²Õ¶Ü ? + +

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¬Oªº, ¤j³¡¥÷¥D­nªº IRC ºô¸ô¥D¾÷³£´£¨Ñ¤F FreeBSD ªº²á¤ÑÀW¹D : + + + EFNet ©Ò´£¨Ñªº #FreeBSD ÀW¹D¬O¤@­Ó FreeBSD ªº½× + ¾Â, ¦ý¬O±z¥i¯àµLªk±q¨ºÃä±o¨ì§Þ³N¤è­±ªº¤ä´©, ±z¤]§O·Q¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì¥ô¦ó + ¤H¥i¥HÀ°±zÁקK±¼¾\Ū man page ¥H¤Î¦Û¤v¬ã¨sªºµh­W¡C¨º¬O¤@­Ó¥H²á¤Ñ¬° + ¥DªºÀW¹D, ¦b¨ºÃä²á¨ì FreeBSD ©M²á¨ì©Ê¡B¹B°Ê¡B¥H¤Î®Ö¤lªZ¾¹ªº¾÷·|¬O + ¤@¼Ë°ªªº¡C + §Ú­Ì¤w¸gĵ§i¹L±z¤F¡C + ±z¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ irc.chat.org ¨Ó³s½u¡C + + DALNET ©Ò´£¨Ñªº #FreeBSD ÀW¹D, ¦b¬ü°ê¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ + irc.dal.net ¨Ó³s½u, ¦b¼Ú¬w¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ irc.eu.dal.net + ¨Ó³s½u¡C + + UNDERNET ©Ò´£¨Ñªº #FreeBSD ÀW¹D, ¦b¬ü°ê¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ + us.undernet.org ¨Ó³s½u, ¦b¼Ú¬w¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ + eu.undernet.org ¨Ó³s½u¡C + + ³Ì«á, ±z¤]¥i¥H¥[¤J BSDNET ©Ò´£¨Ñªº #FreeBSD ÀW + ¹D, ³o¬O¤@­Ó¤p«¬ªº BSD ±M¥Î²á¤Ñºô¸ô, ¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ + irc.FreeBSD.org ¨Ó³s½u¡C + + +

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±z©Î³\¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý doc mailing list : + ¤Wªº FreeBSD ¤å¥ó­pµe (¦pªG±z + ¯à¥[¤J³o¬O­pµe¨º¬O¦A¦n¤£¹Lªº¤F)¡C³o­Ó mailing list ¬O¥Î¨Ó°Q½× FreeBSD + ¤å¥óªº¡C¦pªG±z·Q­nµo°Ý°ÝÃDªº¸Ü, §Ú­Ì¤]¦³ questions mailing + list : + ¡C + +

±z¤]¥i¥H±q + + ¨ú±o FreeBSD "¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U"¡C½Ðª`·N, ³o¥÷¤å¥ó¤´³B©ó»s§@¶¥¬q, ¦³«Ü¦h³¡¥÷³£ + ÁÙ¨S¦³§¹¦¨¡C + +

¦³Ãö FreeBSD ªº®ÑÄy¤¤, ³Ì¦nªºÀ³¸Ó´N¬O Greg Lehey µÛ§@, Walnut Creek + CDROM Books ¥Xª©ªº "The Complete FreeBSD" ¤F¡C²{¦b³o¥»®Ñ¤w¸g¥X¨ì²Ä¤Gª© + ¤F, Á`¦@ 1750 ­¶¥ª¥k, ¤º®e¥]¬A¦w¸Ë, ¨t²ÎºÞ²z«ü¾É, µ{¦¡¦w¸Ë¨ó§U, ¥H¤Î + manual pages¡C³o¥»®Ñ (¥H¤Î³Ì·sª©ªº FreeBSD release) ¥i¥H¦V + , + , ©Î¬O¥ô¦ó¤@¶¡ + ±z³ßÅwªº®Ñ§½­qÁÊ¡C¥Lªº ISBN ¸¹½X¬O 1-57176-227-2¡C + +

µM¦Ó, ¦]¬° FreeBSD 2.2.X ¬O¥H 4.4BSD-Lite2 ¬°°ò¦¨Óµo®iªº¨t²Î, ©Ò¥H + ¤j³¡¥÷ 4.4BSD ªº¤â¥U³£¾A¥Î©ó FreeBSD 2.2.X¡CO'Reilly and Associates + ¥Xª©¤F¤U¦C¤â¥U : + + + 4.4BSD System Manager's Manual + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley + 1st Edition June 1994, 804 pages + : 1-56592-080-5 + + 4.4BSD User's Reference Manual + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley + 1st Edition June 1994, 905 pages + : 1-56592-075-9 + + 4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley + 1st Edition July 1994, 712 pages + : 1-56592-076-7 + + 4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley + 1st Edition June 1994, 886 pages + : 1-56592-078-3 + + 4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley + 1st Edition July 1994, 596 pages + : 1-56592-079-1 + + +

±z¥i¥H¦b WWW ¤W§ä¨ì¬ÛÃö¤¶²Ð : + + ¡C¦]¬°¾P°â±¡§Î¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü¦n, ©Ò¥H±z¥i¯à«Ü + Ãø¥h¨ú±o³o¨Ç®ÑÄy¡C + +

¦pªG±z·Q¹ï 4.4BSD ªº®Ö¤ß¬[ºc¦³§ó²`¼hªº»{ÃÑ, ±zµ´¤£¯à¿ù¹L³o¥»®Ñ : + +

McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, + and John Quarterman. + +

The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating + System. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996. + 0-201-54979-4 + +

¤@¥»¦³Ãö¨t²ÎºÞ²zªº¦n®Ñ : + +

Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder, Scott Seebass & Trent R. Hein, + ``Unix System Administration Handbook'', Prentice-Hall, 1995 + : 0-13-151051-7 + +

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­n¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A±z»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î¤U­±©Ò´£ªº kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¡C + ÁöµM¦³¤èªk¥i¥H±q BIOS ¤¤¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅ骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T¡A¦ý¬O¥Ø«e§Ú­Ì¦b + bootblock ¤¤¨Ã¨S¦³¦h¾lªºªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ³o¥ó¨Æ¡C·í¬Y¤Ñ bootblock ªÅ¶¡ + ¤£¨¬ªº±¡§ÎÀò±o¸Ñ¨M®É¡A§Ú­Ì±N·|¨Ï¥Î BIOS ªº©µ¦ù¥\¯à¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾Ð + Å骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T...¦ý²{¦b§Ú­Ì±N¥¦©ñ¦b kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¤¤¡C + + + options "MAXMEM=<n>" + + +

+ FreeBSD 2.0 ¦]¬° ``kmem_map too small!'' ¦Óµo¥Í panic¡I + +

³o­Ó panic ¬Oªí¥Ü¨t²Î¥Î¥ú¤Fµ¹ºô¸ô½w½Ä°Ïªº©Ò¦³ªºµêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé (¯S + §O¬O mbuf clusters)¡C±z¥i¥H¼W¥[µ¹ mbuf clusters ªº VM ªº¼Æ¶q¡A + ¥u­n¥[¤J: + +

options "NMBCLUSTERS=<n>" + +

¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¡A<n> ¬O¤@­Ó¦b 512-4096 ¶¡ªº¼Æ¦r¡A + ¨Ì±z·Q´£¨Ñ¦h¤Ö¦P®Éªº TCP ³s±µ¼Æ¥Ø¦h¹è¦Ó©w¡C§Ú·|«Øij¸Õ¸Õ 2048 - + ³o¼Æ¦rÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H§¹¥þÁקK³o­Ó panic ¤F¡C±z¥i¥H°õ¦æ: + ¨ÓºÊ¬Ý¦³¦h¤Ö mbuf clusters + ¦b¨t²Î¤W¥¿³Q °t¸m/¨Ï¥Î¡CNMBCLUSTERS ªº¼Æ­È¤º©w¬° + + ¥Î·s kernel ¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ ``CMAP busy panic'' ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§ + +

¥Î¨Ó°»´ú¹L´Á /var/db/kvm_*.db Àɮתº¾÷¨î°¸º¸·|"¥XÂñ" + ¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó§t¤£¥¿½T¸ê®ÆªºÀɮצ³®É´N·|¾É­P panic¡C + +

¦pªGµo¥Í¤F³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A½Ð­«·s¶}¾÷¡A¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á°õ¦æ: + + + rm /var/db/kvm_*.db + + + + ahc0: brkadrint¡A Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0 + +

³o¬O¤@­Ó©M Ultrastor SCSI ±±¨î¥d¦³Ãöªº½Ä¬ð + +

¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¶i¤J kernel ³]©w¿ï³æ + ¨ú®ø ¡A¥¦¬O³y¦¨³o­Ó°ÝÃDªº­ì¦] + + + Sendmail ¤@ª½©ê«è ``mail loops back to myself'' + +

³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b sendmail ªº FAQ ¤¤¬O³o¼Ë¦^µªªº:- + + * §Ú¤@ª½¦¬¨ì¦³Ãö "Local configuration error" ªº«H¥ó¡A¨Ò¦p: + + 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself + 554 ... Local configuration error + + §Ú­n¦p¦ó¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD? + + ±z§Q¥Î MX ³]©w¡AÅý­n±H¨ì¬Y domain (¦p: domain.net) ªº«H¥ó¡A + ±H¨ì±z©Ò«ü©wªº¾÷¾¹ (¦b³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¬° relay.domain.net)¡A¦ý¬O³o + ³¡¾÷¾¹¨Ã¥¼³Q³]©w±µ¨ü domain.net ªº«H¥ó¡C§â domain.net ¥[¨ì + /etc/sendmail.cw ¤¤ (¦pªG±z¦³¨Ï¥Î FEATURE(use_cw_file)) ©Î¬O + ¦b sendmail.cf ¤¤¥[¤J "Cw domain.net" + + +

²{¦b¤w¤£¦AÀHµÛ sendmail "¥X³f"¡C + ¥¦¥Ø«e¬O³Q©w´Áªºµoªí¦b: + ¡A + ¡A + ¡A + ¡A©M + ¡C + ±z¤]¥i¥H±H¤@«Ê Email ¨ì + ¡AµM«á¦b«H¥ó¤º¤å¤¤¼g¤W + "send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" ³o­Ó«ü¥O + ¥H¨ú±o³o¥÷¤å¥ó¡C + + + ¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹(remote machine)°õ¦æ¥þ¿Ã¹õªº³nÅé®É¡A¦³¤£¥¿±`ªº±¡§Î¡I + +

©Î³\»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¨Ã«D±N±zªº²×ºÝ¾÷§ÎºA³]¬° FreeBSD console ©Ò¥Î + ªº cons25¡A¦Ó¬O³]¬°¨ä¥¦ºØÃþ¡C +

³o¨à¦³´X­Ó¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃDªº¤èªk: + + ¦b logging ¶i»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹«á¡A§ó§ï±zªº shell ÅÜ¼Æ TERM ¬° + ansi ©Î¬O sco¡C + ¦b local ºÝ¥Î¤@¨Ç¥i¥H¼ÒÀÀ VT100 ªº¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¡A¦p ¡C + screen ´£¨Ñ±z¦b¤@­Ó terminal ùئP®É¶]¦n´X­Ó session + ªº¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¥»¨­¤]¬O¤@­Ó¬Û·í¦nªº³nÅé¡C + ¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¸ê®Æ®w(terminal database)¤¤¥[¤J + cons25 ªº¸ê®Æ¡C + ±Ò°Ê X µM«á§Q¥Î xterm ¨Ó login ¶i»·ºÝªº¾÷¾¹¡C + + + + §Úªº¾÷¾¹¤@ª½Åã¥Ü "calcru: negative time..." +

¸ò¤¤Â_ ¡]interrupt¡^ ¦³Ãöªº¤£¦PµwÅé »P/©Î ³nÅ骺·f°t³£¦³¥i¯à³y¦¨ + ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C³o¦³¥i¯à¬O bug ©Î¬O¬Y­Ó¸Ë¸m¥»¨­ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b¥­¦æ°ð¤W¨Ï¥Î + ¤jªº MTU ¨Ó§@ TCP/IP ¶Ç¿é¥i¥H­«²{³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C­Y¬O¹Ï§Î¥[³t¥d³y¦¨³o­Ó + °ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó¥ýÀˬd¥dªº¤¤Â_³]©w¡C + +

³o­Ó°ÝÃDªºÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³¬O·|³y¦¨¦³¨Ç process ¥X²{ + "SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit" ªº°T®§¡A¦Ó¤£¥¿±`¤¤Â_ + +

­Yª©¥»¬O 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 29 ¤é¥H«áªº FreeBSD 3.0¡A¦pªG³o­Ó + °ÝÃD¤@ª½µLªk¥H¨ä¥L¤èªk¸Ñ¨M¡A´N¥u¯à³]©w sysctl ÅܼơG + + sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1 + +

³o¼Ë·|¹ï®Õ¯à¦³¨Ç¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬O­Y¦Ò¼{¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«áªG¡A³o¼Ë°µ¬O­È + ±oªº¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A±N sysctl ¨º­Ó­È¨ÌµM³]¬° 1¡AµM«á + ¼W¥[ kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ "NTIMECOUNTER" ³o­Ó¿ï¶µªº¼Æ­È¡C¦pªG±z±N + "NTIMECOUNTER" ¼W¥[¨ì 20 ¨ÌµMµLªk¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò±z¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¤¤Â_ + ¤w¸g¦h¨ìµLªk«O«ùí©wªºª¬ºA¤F¡C + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3a85ab97f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ + + + + + + + X Window System ¤Î Virtual Consoles + + + §Ú·Q­n°õ¦æ X , §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò°µ ? + +

³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¦b¦w¸Ë¨t²Îªº®É­Ô¤@¨Ö¦w¸Ë¡C + +

µM«á¬Ý¬Ý , ³o­Óµ{¦¡¥i¥HÀ°§A³]©w XFree86(tm) ¨Ï¥¦ + ¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d/·Æ¹« µ¥¶gÃä¡C + +

§A©Î³\¤]·Q¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý Xaccel server , ¥¦¥i¥H¥H«D±`¦X²z»ù®æ¨ú±o¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý + ³o¤@¬q¡C + + + ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹« ? + +

¦pªG§A¥Îªº¬O syscons (¤º©wªº console ÅX°Êµ{¦¡) ªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ³]©w + FreeBSD ¨ÓÅý¥¦¤ä´©¦b¨C­Ó virtual console ¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡C¬°¤FÁקK©M X ²£¥Í½Ä + ¬ð, syscons ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@­Ó¥s°µ "/dev/sysmouse" ªºµêÀÀ¸Ë¸m¡C©Ò¦³·Æ + ¹«²£¥Íªº event ³£·|§Q¥Î MouseSystems ³o­Ó¨ó©w¨Ó¶Ç¨ì sysmouse ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m + ¡C¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¦b¤@­Ó©Î¥H¤Wªº virtual console ¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«, + /etc/rc.conf: + moused_type=ps/2 # or whatever your actual type is + moused_port=/dev/psm0 # or whatever your real port is + moused_flags= + + /etc/XF86Config + Section Pointer + Protocol "MouseSystems" + Device "/dev/sysmouse" + ..... + + +

¦³¨Ç¤H¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¦b³]©w X ªº®É­Ô¥Î "/dev/mouse" ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡C¦p + ªG§A­nÅý¥¦¯à°÷¥¿±`¤u§@ªº¸Ü, §A´N¥²¶·§â "/dev/mouse" ³sµ²¨ì + : + + + # cd /dev + # rm -f mouse + # ln -s sysmouse mouse + + + + X Window ªº¿ï³æ©M¹ï¸Ü®Ø¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@ ! + +

§â Num Lock Ãö±¼¸Õ¸Õ¡C + +

¦pªG§Aªº Num Lock ¦b¶}¾÷®Éªº¹w³]­È¬O¶}µÛªº¸Ü, §A¥²¶·§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì + + # Let the server do the NumLock processing. This should only be + # required when using pre-R6 clients + ServerNumLock + + + + ¤°»ò¬O virtual console ? §Ú­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¥Î¦h¤@ÂI ? + +

²³æ¨Ó»¡, virtual console ´N¬O¥i¥HÅý§A¤£¥²°µ¤Ó¦h½ÆÂøªº³]©w¦p¨Ï¥Îºô + ¸ô©Î°õ¦æ X , ¦Ó¦b¦P¤@»O¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É°µ¦n´X¥ó¨Æªº¤èªk¡C + +

·í±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ÃÅã¥Ü§¹©Ò¦³¶}¾÷°T®§¤§«á, §A´N·|¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó login ªº + ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦b³o­Ó®É­Ô§A´N¥i¥H¿é¤J§Aªº login name ¥H¤Î password , µM«á´N + ¥i¥H¦b²Ä¤@­Ó virtual console ¤W¶}©l¤u§@¤F (©ÎªÌ¶}©lª± !) ¡C + +

¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤U, §A¥i¯à·|·Q­n§@¨ä¥Lªº¤u§@, ¨Ò¦p»¡¬O¬Ý¬Ý§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªºµ{ + ¦¡ªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó, ©Î¬O·í§A¦b FTP ¶Ç¿éªºµ¥«Ý®É¶¡¤¤¬Ý¬Ý§Aªº¶l¥ó¡C§A¥u»Ý­n«ö + Alt-F2 («ö¦í Alt Á䤣©ñ, ¨Ã«ö¤U F2 Áä) , µM«á§A´N·|¦b²Ä¤G­Ó "virtual + console" ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹ ! ·í§A·Q­n¦^¨ì­ì¨Óªº¤u§@®É, ½Ð«ö + Alt-F1¡C + +

FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë®Éªº¹w³]­È¬O¨Ï¥Î¤T­Ó virtual console , §A¥i¥H¥Î + Alt-F1, Alt-F2, ¥H¤Î Alt-F3 ¦b¥¦­Ì¤§¶¡°µ¤Á´«¡C + + ¦pªG§A·Q­n¦h¤@ÂI virtual console ªº¸Ü, §A¥u»Ý­n½s¿è ³o­ÓÀÉ + , ¦b "Virtual terminals" ³o­Óµù¸Ñ«á­±¥[¤J " + # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change + # "off" to "on". + ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + + +

§A·Q¥Î´X­Ó´N³]´X­Ó¡C§A³]¶V¦h virtual terminal , ¥¦­Ì´N¥Î±¼¶V¦h¨t²Î + ¸ê·½ ; ¦pªG§A¥u¦³¤£¨ì 8MB ªº°O¾ÐÅ骺¸Ü, ³o¼vÅT´N¤j¤F¡C§A¥i¯à¤]·|·Q§â + "¨ú®ø¤@­Ó console ³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O§â¥¦Ãö±¼¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡, ¦pªG§A¹³¤W­±Á¿ + ªº¤@¼Ë³]©w¤F¥þ³¡ªº 12 ­Ó terminal ¨Ã¥B·Q­n°õ¦æ X , §A¥²»Ý§â virtual + terminal 12 ±q : + + + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + + +

³]¦¨ : + + + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + + +

¦pªG§AªºÁä½L¥u¦³ 10 ­Ó¥\¯àÁ䪺¸Ü, §A´N­n§ï¦¨³o¼Ë : + + + ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + + +

(§A¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ§â³o´X¦æ¬å±¼¡C) + +

¤@¥¹§A§ï¤F , + ¤U¤@­Ó¨BÆJ´N¬O­n½T©w§A¦³¨¬°÷ªº virtual terminal ¸Ë¸m¡C³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O : + + + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV vty12 # For 12 devices + + +

¦A¹L¨Ó, ·Q­n±Ò°Ê³o¨Ç virtual console ³Ì²³æ (¤]¬O³Ì°®²b) ªº°µªk´N¬O + ­«¶}¾÷¡CµM«á, ¦pªG§A¤£·Q­«¶}¾÷ªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H§â X Window Ãö±¼, µM«á¥Î + + kill -HUP 1 + + +

·í§A°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O«e, §A¤@©w­n§¹¥þ§â X Window Ãö±¼¡C¦pªG§A¤£³o»ò°µªº + ¸Ü, §Aªº¨t²Î¥i¯à·|¦b§A°õ¦æ kill ©R¥O«á¥X²{·í±¼©ÎÂꦺªº±¡ªp¡C + + + §Ú­n«ç»ò±q X ¤Á´«¨ì virtual console ? + +

¦pªG§A¿Ã¹õ¤W¥¿¦bÅã¥Ü X Window ªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H¥Î Ctrl-Alt-F1 µ¥«öÁä¨Ó¤Á + ´«¨ì virtual console ¡Cª`·N, ¤@¥¹§A±q X Window ¤Á´«¨ì¥ô¤@­Ó virtual + console ¤§«á, §A´N¥i¥H¥u¥Î Alt- ¥\¯àÁä¨Ó¤Á´«¨ì¨ä¥L virtual terminal ©Î + ¬O¤Á¦^ X Window ¡C§A¤£¥²¦P®É«öµÛ Ctrl Áä¡C¦pªG¦b¤ñ¸ûªºª©¥»¤¤§A¥Î + Ctrl Áä¨Ó¤Á¦^ X Window ªº¸Ü, §A·|µo²{§Aªº¤å¦r¿Ã¹õ³Q¥d¦b "control-lock" + ¼Ò¦¡¤U¡C§A¥u»Ý­n¦A«ö¤@¦¸±±¨îÁä´N¥i¥H«ì´_­ìª¬¡C + + + §Ú­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¦b¶}¾÷®É±Ò°Ê XDM ? + +

¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H±Ò°Ê ¡C¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O±q + ¨Ó±Ò°Ê, ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò man page ¤¤ªº½d¨Ò ; ¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¦b + + °õ¦æ xdm , ©Î¬O¦b /usr/local/etc/rc.d ©ñ¤@­Ó ¥Î ttys ªº¤èªkªºÀuÂI¦b©ó»¡©ú¤F X ¦b±Ò°Ê¥H¤Î¦b logout «á­«·s±Ò°Ê®É, + ¨ì©³ X ¥Îªº¬O¨º­Ó vty ¡C¦Ó rc.local ªº¤èªk«h¬O¦b·í±Ò°Ê X ¥X¤F°ÝÃD®É, §A + ¥i¥H§â xdm ±þ±¼¨Ó¸Ñ¨M¡C + +

¦pªG¬O¥Î rc.local ªº¤èªkªº¸Ü, ¦b°õ¦æ «e¤@ª©ªº FAQ »¡§A¥²¶·§â§A·QÅý X ¨Ï¥Îªº /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers Àɸ̥h¡C³o¬O¤£¥²­nªº : X ·|¦Û + °Ê¨Ï¥Î²Ä¤@­Ó§ä¨ìªº¥i¥Î + ·í§Ú°õ¦æ xconsole ®É, µo¥Í¤F "Couldn't open console" ªº¿ù»~ + +

¦pªG§A¬O¥Î ¨Ó±Ò°Ê ªº¸Ü, /dev/console ªºÅv­­¨Ã¤£·|§ïÅÜ, µ²ªG´N¬O ©M ³oÃþªºµ{¦¡µLªk¥¿±`°õ¦æ¡C + +

³o¤@¤Áªº°ÝÃD, ³£¬O¦]¬° console ªºÅv­­¬O±Ä¥Î¨t²Î¹w³]­È¡C¦b¤@­Ó¦h¨Ï¥Î + ªÌªº¨t²Î¸Ì, §Ú­Ì¤£§Æ±æ¨C­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¥i¥Hª½±µ¼g¤J¨t²Î console ¡C¦pªG¬O¨Ï + ¥ÎªÌ¬O±q¾÷¾¹ªº VTY ª½±µ login ªº¸Ü, ¨º»ò + + ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³oÃþªº°ÝÃD¡C + +

²³æ¦a»¡, ½Ð½T«O + ³o­ÓÀɮפ¤ªº³o¤@¦æ¨S¦³³Qµù¸Ñ±¼ : + + + /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console + + + ³o¤@¦æ³]©wªº¦s¦b¥i¥H½T«O±q /dev/ttyv0 µn¤Jªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H±±¨î + console ¡C + + + §Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¦b X ¤¤¦³ÂI¤£¥¿±` + +

§Aªº·Æ¹«©M§Aªº·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¯à¦s¦b¦³¤£¦P¨Bªº²{¶H¡C + +

¦b 2.2.5 ¥H¤Î§ó¦­ªº¨t²Î¸Ì, ±q X ¤Á¨ì virtual terminal µM«á¦A¤Á¦^¨Ó + ´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥¦­Ì­«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Íªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H¦b§Aªº + ®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤ¤¥[¤J¤U­±³o­Ó¿ï¶µµM«á­«·s½sĶ : + + + options PSM_CHECKSYNC + + +

¦pªG§A¨S¦³«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ßªº¸gÅç, ½Ð¬Ý + ³o¤@¸`¡C + +

¥[¤W³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¥H«á, ·Æ¹«©M·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶¡ªº¦P¨B°ÝÃDÀ³¸Ó´N¤ñ¸û¤£·|¥X²{ + ¤F¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤´µM¦s¦bªº¸Ü, ¦b²¾°Ê·Æ¹«®É«ö«ö·Æ¹««öÁä¥i¥H¨Ï·Æ¹«©M·Æ + ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡­«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C + +

¸Óª`·Nªº¬O³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¨Ã¤£¬O¹ï¨C¤@­Ó¨t²Î³£¦³®Ä, ¥¦¥i¯à·|Åý±µ¦b PS/2 ·Æ + ¹«¦ì¸mªº ALPS GlidePoint ¸Ë¸m¥¢¥h "tap" ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡C + +

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