---
title: Appendix A. Obtaining FreeBSD
part: Part V. Appendices
prev: books/handbook/partv
next: books/handbook/bibliography
description: "How to get FreeBSD: CD and DVD sets, FTP sites and how to install and use Git"
tags: ["Obtaining", "CD", "DVD", "FTP", "Git"]
showBookMenu: true
weight: 39
path: "/books/handbook/"
aliases: ["/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp/","/en/books/handbook/svn/","/en/books/handbook/mirrors-rsync/"]
---

[appendix]
= Obtaining FreeBSD
:doctype: book
:toc: macro
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:sectnums:
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:sectnumoffset: A
:partnums:
:source-highlighter: rouge
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[[mirrors]]
== Mirrors

The official mirrors of the FreeBSD project are made up of many machines operated by the project cluster administrators and behind GeoDNS to direct users to the closest available mirror.
Current locations are Australia, Brazil, Japan (two sites), Malaysia, Netherlands, South Africa, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States of America (California, New Jersey, and Washington).

Official mirrors service:

[cols="1,1,3"]
|===
| Service Name | Protocols | More information

| **download.FreeBSD.org**
| link:https://download.FreeBSD.org/[https] link:ftp://download.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[ftp]
| Same content as `ftp.FreeBSD.org`, `ftp` is a legacy name; `download.FreeBSD.org` is recommended.

| **git.FreeBSD.org**
| git over `https` and `ssh`
| More details on link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#git[using git] section.

| **pkg.FreeBSD.org**
| man:pkg[8] over `http` and `https`
| Official FreeBSD package repositories used by the man:pkg[8] program.

| **vuxml.FreeBSD.org** / **www.VuXML.org**
| link:https://www.vuxml.org/[https]
| FreeBSD Project VuXML web page. `pkg audit` fetches the list of vulnerabilities from this service.
|===

All official mirrors support IPv4 and IPv6.

The FreeBSD website (https://www.FreeBSD.org and https://docs.FreeBSD.org) are not hosted in the GeoDNS Infrastructure; there are ongoing studies of its implementation.

http://ftp-archive.FreeBSD.org is not in the GeoDNS Infrastructure, hosted in only one location (US).

The project is looking for new locations; those willing to sponsor, please reach out to the Cluster Administrators team for more information.

Mirror list maintained by the community and other companies:

[cols="1,1,3"]
|===
|Country | Hostname | Protocols

| Australia icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-australia-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.au.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:rsync://ftp.au.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.au.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp3.au.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp3.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:ftp://ftp3.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp3.au.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

| Austria icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-austria-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.at.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[http] link:http://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[rsync_v6]

| Brazil icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-brazil-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp2.br.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp2.br.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD[http] link:rsync://ftp2.br.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp2.br.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp3.br.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp3.br.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:ftp://ftp3.br.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp3.br.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

| Bulgaria icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-bulgaria-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.bg.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp.bg.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.bg.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.bg.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.bg.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

| Czech Republic icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-czech-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:rsync://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

| Denmark icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-denmark-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/[http] link:http://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/[rsync_v6]

| Finland icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-finland-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.fi.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp.fi.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp]

| France icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-france-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp3.fr.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp3.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp]

|
| ftp6.fr.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp6.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:ftp://ftp6.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp6.fr.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

| Germany icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-germany-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.de.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.de.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.de.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp1.de.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp1.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp1.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp1.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp1.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp1.de.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp1.de.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp2.de.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp2.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp2.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp2.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp2.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp2.de.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp2.de.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp5.de.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp5.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp5.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6]

|
| ftp7.de.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp7.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp7.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp7.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp7.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6]

| Greece icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-greece-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.gr.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6]

|
| ftp2.gr.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp2.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp2.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp2.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp2.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp2.gr.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

| Japan icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-japan-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.jp.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.jp.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.jp.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp2.jp.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp2.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp2.jp.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp2.jp.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp3.jp.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp3.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:rsync://ftp3.jp.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

|
| ftp4.jp.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp4.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp]

|
| ftp6.jp.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp6.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp6.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp6.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp6.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp6.jp.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp6.jp.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

| Korea icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-korea-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:https://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[https] link:ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

|
| ftp2.kr.FreeBSD.org
| link:rsync://ftp2.kr.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

| Latvia icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-latvia-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.lv.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.lv.FreeBSD.org/freebsd[http] link:ftp://ftp.lv.FreeBSD.org/freebsd[ftp]

| Netherlands icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-netherlands-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp2.nl.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp2.nl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:ftp://ftp2.nl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp2.nl.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

| New Zealand icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-new-zealand-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.nz.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.nz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:ftp://ftp.nz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp]

| Norway icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-norway-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.no.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp.no.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.no.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.no.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.no.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

| Poland icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-poland-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.pl.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.pl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.pl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.pl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp.pl.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.pl.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

| Russia icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-russia-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp2.ru.FreeBSD.org
| link:https://ftp2.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[https] link:ftp://ftp2.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp2.ru.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

| Slovenia icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-slovenia-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.si.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6]

| South Africa icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-south-africa-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.za.FreeBSD.org
| link:https://ftp.za.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[https] link:https://ftp.za.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[https_v6] link:rsync://ftp.za.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.za.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp2.za.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp2.za.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp2.za.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp2.za.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6]

|
| ftp4.za.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp4.za.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:ftp://ftp4.za.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp4.za.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

| Sweden icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-sweden-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.se.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

| Taiwan icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-taiwan-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp4.tw.FreeBSD.org
| link:https://ftp4.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[https] link:ftp://ftp4.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp4.tw.FreeBSD.org[rsync]

|
| ftp5.tw.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp5.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:ftp://ftp5.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp]

| Ukraine icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-ukraine-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.ua.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.ua.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:ftp://ftp.ua.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.ua.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.ua.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.ua.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

| United Kingdom icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-uk-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp2.uk.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp2.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp2.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:https://ftp2.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[https] link:https://ftp2.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[https_v6] link:ftp://ftp2.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp2.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6]

| United States of America icon:envelope[link=mailto:{mirrors-us-email}, title="mirror contact"]
| ftp11.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp11.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp11.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp11.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp11.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6] link:rsync://ftp11.FreeBSD.org[rsync] link:rsync://ftp11.FreeBSD.org[rsync_v6]

|
| ftp14.FreeBSD.org
| link:ftp://ftp14.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:rsync://ftp14.FreeBSD.org[rsync] (Former official tier 1)

|
| ftp5.FreeBSD.org
| link:http://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http] link:http://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[http_v6] link:ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp] link:ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[ftp_v6]
|===

The current list of protocols supported by the community mirrors was last updated on 2022-01-31, and it's not guaranteed.

[[git]]
== Using Git

[[git-intro]]
=== Introduction

As of December 2020, FreeBSD uses git as the primary version control system for storing all of FreeBSD's base source code and documentation.
As of April 2021, FreeBSD uses git as the only version control system for storing all of FreeBSD's Ports Collection.

[NOTE]
====
Git is generally a developer tool.
Users may prefer to use `freebsd-update` (crossref:cutting-edge[updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate,“FreeBSD Update”]) to update the FreeBSD base system, and `git` (crossref:ports[ports-using,“Using the Ports Collection”]) to update the FreeBSD Ports Collection.
====

This section demonstrates how to install Git on a FreeBSD system and use it to create a local copy of a FreeBSD source code repository.

[[git-install]]
=== Installation

Git can be installed from the Ports Collection, or as a package:

[source,shell]
....
# pkg install git
....

[[git-usage]]
=== Running Git

To fetch a clean copy of the sources into a local directory, use `git clone`.
This directory of files is called the _working tree_.

Git uses URLs to designate a repository.
There are three different repositories, `src` for the FreeBSD system source code, `doc` for documentation, and `ports` for the FreeBSD Ports Collection.
All three are reachable over two different protocols: HTTPS and SSH.
For example, the URL `https://git.FreeBSD.org/src.git` specifies the main branch of the `src` repository, using the `https` protocol.

[[git-url-table]]
.FreeBSD Git Repository URL Table
[options="header,footer"]
|=======================================================
|Item | Git URL
| Read-only src repo via HTTPS             | `https://git.FreeBSD.org/src.git`
| Read-only src repo via anon-ssh          | `ssh://anongit@git.FreeBSD.org/src.git`
| Read-only doc repo via HTTPS             | `https://git.FreeBSD.org/doc.git`
| Read-only doc repo via anon-ssh          | `ssh://anongit@git.FreeBSD.org/doc.git`
| Read-only ports repo via HTTPS           | `https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git`
| Read-only ports repo via anon-ssh        | `ssh://anongit@git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git`
|=======================================================

External mirrors maintained by project members are also available; please refer to the <<external-mirrors>> section.

To clone a copy of the FreeBSD system source code repository:

[source,shell]
....
# git clone -o freebsd https://git.FreeBSD.org/src.git /usr/src
....

The `-o freebsd` option specifies the origin; by convention in the FreeBSD documentation, the origin is assumed to be `freebsd`.
Because the initial checkout must download the full branch of the remote repository, it can take a while.
Please be patient.

Initially, the working tree contains source code for the `main` branch, which corresponds to CURRENT.
To switch to 13-STABLE instead:
[source,shell]
....
# cd /usr/src
# git checkout stable/13
....

The working tree can be updated with `git pull`.
To update [.filename]#/usr/src# created in the example above, use:

[source,shell]
....
# cd /usr/src
# git pull --rebase
....

The update is much quicker than a checkout, only transferring files that have changed.

=== Web-based repository browser

The FreeBSD project uses cgit as the web-based repository browser: link:https://cgit.FreeBSD.org/[https://cgit.FreeBSD.org/].

=== For Developers

For information about write access to repositories see the extref:{committers-guide}[Committer's Guide, git-mini-primer].

[[external-mirrors]]
=== External mirrors

Those mirrors are not hosted in FreeBSD.org but still maintained by the project members.
Users and developers are welcome to pull or browse repositories on those mirrors.
Pull requests for the `doc` GitHub repository are being accepted; otherwise, the project workflow with those mirrors is still under discussion.

Codeberg::
  - doc: https://codeberg.org/FreeBSD/freebsd-doc
  - ports: https://codeberg.org/FreeBSD/freebsd-ports
  - src: https://codeberg.org/FreeBSD/freebsd-src

GitHub::
  - doc: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-doc
  - ports: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-ports
  - src: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src

GitLab::
  - doc: https://gitlab.com/FreeBSD/freebsd-doc
  - ports: https://gitlab.com/FreeBSD/freebsd-ports
  - src: https://gitlab.com/FreeBSD/freebsd-src

=== Mailing lists

The main mailing list for general usage and questions about git in the FreeBSD project is https://lists.freebsd.org/subscription/freebsd-git[freebsd-git].
For more details, including commit messages lists, see the crossref:handbook/eresources[eresources-mail, Mailing Lists] chapter.

=== SSH host keys

* gitrepo.FreeBSD.org host key fingerprints:
** ECDSA key fingerprint is `SHA256:seWO5D27ySURcx4bknTNKlC1mgai0whP443PAKEvvZA`
** ED25519 key fingerprint is `SHA256:lNR6i4BEOaaUhmDHBA1WJsO7H3KtvjE2r5q4sOxtIWo`
** RSA key fingerprint is `SHA256:f453CUEFXEJAXlKeEHV+ajJfeEfx9MdKQUD7lIscnQI`

* git.FreeBSD.org host key fingerprints:
** ECDSA key fingerprint is `SHA256:/UlirUAsGiitupxmtsn7f9b7zCWd0vCs4Yo/tpVWP9w`
** ED25519 key fingerprint is `SHA256:y1ljKrKMD3lDObRUG3xJ9gXwEIuqnh306tSyFd1tuZE`
** RSA key fingerprint is `SHA256:jBe6FQGoH4HjvrIVM23dcnLZk9kmpdezR/CvQzm7rJM`

These are also published as SSHFP records in DNS.

[[svn]]
== Using Subversion

[[svn-intro]]
=== Introduction

As of December 2020, FreeBSD uses git as the primary version control system for storing all of FreeBSD's source code and documentation.
Changes from the git repo on the `stable/11`, `stable/12` and related releng branches are exported to the subversion repository.
This export will continue through the life of these branches.
From July 2012 to March 2021, FreeBSD used Subversion as the only version control system for storing all of FreeBSD's Ports Collection.
As of April 2021, FreeBSD uses git as the only version control system for storing all of FreeBSD's Ports Collection.

[NOTE]
====
Subversion is generally a developer tool.
Users may prefer to use `freebsd-update` (crossref:cutting-edge[updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate,“FreeBSD Update”]) to update the FreeBSD base system, and `git` (crossref:ports[ports-using,“Using the Ports Collection”]) to update the FreeBSD Ports Collection.
After March 2021, subversion use is only for legacy branches (`stable/11` and `stable/12`).
====

This section demonstrates how to install Subversion on a FreeBSD system and use it to create a local copy of a FreeBSD repository. Additional information on the use of Subversion is included.

[[svn-svnlite]]
=== Svnlite

A lightweight version of Subversion is already installed on FreeBSD as `svnlite`.
The port or package version of Subversion is only needed if the Python or Perl API is needed, or if a later version of Subversion is desired.

The only difference from normal Subversion use is that the command name is `svnlite`.

[[svn-install]]
=== Installation

If `svnlite` is unavailable or the full version of Subversion is needed, then it must be installed.

Subversion can be installed from the Ports Collection:

[source,shell]
....
# cd /usr/ports/devel/subversion
# make install clean
....

Subversion can also be installed as a package:

[source,shell]
....
# pkg install subversion
....

[[svn-usage]]
=== Running Subversion

To fetch a clean copy of the sources into a local directory, use `svn`.
The files in this directory are called a _local working copy_.

[WARNING]
====
Move or delete an existing destination directory before using `checkout` for the first time.
Checkout over an existing non-`svn` directory can cause conflicts between the existing files and those brought in from the repository.
====

Subversion uses URLs to designate a repository, taking the form of _protocol://hostname/path_.
The first component of the path is the FreeBSD repository to access.
There are three different repositories, `base` for the FreeBSD base system source code, `ports` for the Ports Collection, and `doc` for documentation.
For example, the URL `https://svn.FreeBSD.org/base/head/` specifies the main branch of the src repository, using the `https` protocol.

A checkout from a given repository is performed with a command like this:

[source,shell]
....
# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/repository/branch lwcdir
....

where:

* _repository_ is one of the Project repositories: `base`, `ports`, or `doc`.
* _branch_ depends on the repository used. `ports` and `doc` are mostly updated in the `head` branch, while `base` maintains the latest version of -CURRENT under `head` and the respective latest versions of the -STABLE branches under `stable/11` (11._x_) and `stable/12` (12._x_).
* _lwcdir_ is the target directory where the contents of the specified branch should be placed. This is usually [.filename]#/usr/ports# for `ports`, [.filename]#/usr/src# for `base`, and [.filename]#/usr/doc# for `doc`.

This example checks out the Source Tree from the FreeBSD repository using the HTTPS protocol, placing the local working copy in [.filename]#/usr/src#.
If [.filename]#/usr/src# is already present but was not created by `svn`, remember to rename or delete it before the checkout.

[source,shell]
....
# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/base/head /usr/src
....

Because the initial checkout must download the full branch of the remote repository, it can take a while.
Please be patient.

After the initial checkout, the local working copy can be updated by running:

[source,shell]
....
# svn update lwcdir
....

To update [.filename]#/usr/src# created in the example above, use:

[source,shell]
....
# svn update /usr/src
....

The update is much quicker than a checkout, only transferring files that have changed.

An alternate way of updating the local working copy after checkout is provided by the [.filename]#Makefile# in the [.filename]#/usr/ports#, [.filename]#/usr/src#, and [.filename]#/usr/doc# directories.
Set `SVN_UPDATE` and use the `update` target.
For example, to update [.filename]#/usr/src#:

[source,shell]
....
# cd /usr/src
# make update SVN_UPDATE=yes
....

[[svn-mirrors]]
=== Subversion Mirror Sites

The FreeBSD Subversion repository is:

[.programlisting]
....
svn.FreeBSD.org
....

This is a publicly accessible mirror network that uses GeoDNS to select an appropriate back end server.
To view the FreeBSD Subversion repositories through a browser, use https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/[https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/].

HTTPS is the preferred protocol, but the [.filename]#security/ca_root_nss# package will need to be installed in order to automatically validate certificates.

=== For More Information

For other information about using Subversion, please see the "Subversion Book", titled http://svnbook.red-bean.com/[Version Control with Subversion], or the http://subversion.apache.org/docs/[Subversion Documentation].

[[mirrors-cdrom]]
== CD and DVD Sets

FreeBSD CD and DVD sets are available from several online retailers:

* FreeBSD Mall, Inc. +
1164 Claremont Dr +
Brentwood, CA +
94513 +
USA +
Phone: +1 925 240-6652 +
Fax: +1 925 674-0821 +
Email: info@freebsdmall.com +
WWW: https://www.freebsdmall.com

* Getlinux +
WWW: https://www.getlinux.fr/

* Dr. Hinner EDV +
Schäftlarnstr. 10 // 4. Stock +
D-81371 München +
Germany +
Phone: +49 171 417 544 6 +
Email: infow@hinner.de +
WWW: http://www.hinner.de/linux/freebsd.html
