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diff --git a/contrib/cpio/cpio.texi b/contrib/cpio/cpio.texi deleted file mode 100644 index 6b0fd45c519f6..0000000000000 --- a/contrib/cpio/cpio.texi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,558 +0,0 @@ -\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -@c %**start of header -@setfilename cpio.info -@settitle cpio -@setchapternewpage off -@set VERSION GNU cpio 2.4 -@set RELEASEDATE November 1995 -@c %**end of header - -@ifinfo -@format -START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -* cpio: (cpio). Making tape (or disk) archives. -END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -@end format -@end ifinfo - -@ifinfo -This file documents @value{VERSION}. - -Copyright (C) 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of -this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice -are preserved on all copies. - -@ignore -Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the -results, provided the printed document carries copying permission -notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph - - -@end ignore -Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this -manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire -resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission -notice identical to this one. - -Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual -into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, -except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved -by the Foundation. -@end ifinfo - - -@titlepage -@title GNU CPIO -@subtitle @value{VERSION} @value{RELEASEDATE} -@author by Robert Carleton -@c copyright page -@page -@vskip 0pt plus 1filll -Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -@sp 2 -This is the first edition of the GNU cpio documentation,@* -and is consistent with @value{VERSION}.@* -@sp 2 -Published by the Free Software Foundation @* -59 Temple Place - Suite 330, @* -Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA @* - -Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of -this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice -are preserved on all copies. - -Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this -manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire -resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission -notice identical to this one. - -Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual -into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, -except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation -approved by the Free Software Foundation. -@end titlepage - -@ifinfo -@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@top - -GNU cpio is a tool for creating and extracting archives, or copying -files from one place to another. It handles a number of cpio formats as -well as reading and writing tar files. This is the first edition of the -GNU cpio documentation and is consistant with @value{VERSION}. - -@menu -* Introduction:: -* Tutorial:: Getting started. -* Invoking `cpio':: How to invoke `cpio'. -* Media:: Using tapes and other archive media. -* Concept Index:: Concept index. - - --- The Detailed Node Listing --- - -Invoking cpio - -* Copy-out mode:: -* Copy-in mode:: -* Copy-pass mode:: -* Options:: -@end menu - -@end ifinfo - -@node Introduction, Tutorial, Top, Top -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@chapter Introduction - -GNU cpio copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive, The archive -can be another file on the disk, a magnetic tape, or a pipe. - -GNU cpio supports the following archive formats: binary, old ASCII, new -ASCII, crc, HPUX binary, HPUX old ASCII, old tar, and POSIX.1 tar. The -tar format is provided for compatability with the tar program. By -default, cpio creates binary format archives, for compatibility with -older cpio programs. When extracting from archives, cpio automatically -recognizes which kind of archive it is reading and can read archives -created on machines with a different byte-order. - -@node Tutorial, Invoking `cpio', Introduction, Top -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@chapter Tutorial -@cindex creating a cpio archive -@cindex extracting a cpio archive -@cindex copying directory structures -@cindex passing directory structures - - -GNU cpio performs three primary functions. Copying files to an -archive, Extracting files from an archive, and passing files to another -directory tree. An archive can be a file on disk, one or more floppy -disks, or one or more tapes. - -When creating an archive, cpio takes the list of files to be processed -from the standard input, and then sends the archive to the standard -output, or to the device defined by the @samp{-F} option. -@xref{Copy-out mode}. Usually find or ls is used to provide this list -to the standard input. In the following example you can see the -possibilities for archiving the contents of a single directory. - - -@example -@cartouche -% ls | cpio -ov > directory.cpio -@end cartouche -@end example - -The @samp{-o} option creates the archive, and the @samp{-v} option -prints the names of the files archived as they are added. Notice that -the options can be put together after a single @samp{-} or can be placed -separately on the command line. The @samp{>} redirects the cpio output -to the file @samp{directory.cpio}. - - -If you wanted to archive an entire directory tree, the find command can -provide the file list to cpio: - - -@example -@cartouche -% find . -print -depth | cpio -ov > tree.cpio -@end cartouche -@end example - - -This will take all the files in the current directory, the directories -below and place them in the archive tree.cpio. Again the @samp{-o} -creates an archive, and the @samp{-v} option shows you the name of the -files as they are archived. @xref{Copy-out mode}. Using the `.' in the -find statement will give you more flexibility when doing restores, as it -will save file names with a relative path vice a hard wired, absolute -path. The @samp{-depth} option forces @samp{find} to print of the -entries in a directory before printing the directory itself. This -limits the effects of restrictive directory permissions by printing the -directory entries in a directory before the directory name itself. - - - - -Extracting an archive requires a bit more thought because cpio will not -create directories by default. Another characteristic, is it will not -overwrite existing files unless you tell it to. - - -@example -@cartouche -% cpio -iv < directory.cpio -@end cartouche -@end example - -This will retrieve the files archived in the file directory.cpio and -place them in the present directory. The @samp{-i} option extracts the -archive and the @samp{-v} shows the file names as they are extracted. -If you are dealing with an archived directory tree, you need to use the -@samp{-d} option to create directories as necessary, something like: - -@example -@cartouche -% cpio -idv < tree.cpio -@end cartouche -@end example - -This will take the contents of the archive tree.cpio and extract it to -the current directory. If you try to extract the files on top of files -of the same name that already exist (and have the same or later -modification time) cpio will not extract the file unless told to do so -by the -u option. @xref{Copy-in mode}. - - -In copy-pass mode, cpio copies files from one directory tree to another, -combining the copy-out and copy-in steps without actually using an -archive. It reads the list of files to copy from the standard input; -the directory into which it will copy them is given as a non-option -argument. @xref{Copy-pass mode}. - -@example -@cartouche -% find . -depth -print0 | cpio --null -pvd new-dir -@end cartouche -@end example - - -The example shows copying the files of the present directory, and -sub-directories to a new directory called new-dir. Some new options are -the @samp{-print0} available with GNU find, combined with the -@samp{--null} option of cpio. These two options act together to send -file names between find and cpio, even if special characters are -embedded in the file names. Another is @samp{-p}, which tells cpio to -pass the files it finds to the directory @samp{new-dir}. - -@node Invoking `cpio', Media, Tutorial, Top -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@chapter Invoking cpio -@cindex invoking cpio -@cindex command line options - -@menu -* Copy-out mode:: -* Copy-in mode:: -* Copy-pass mode:: -* Options:: -@end menu - -@node Copy-out mode, Copy-in mode, Invoking `cpio', Invoking `cpio' -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@section Copy-out mode - -In copy-out mode, cpio copies files into an archive. It reads a list -of filenames, one per line, on the standard input, and writes the -archive onto the standard output. A typical way to generate the list -of filenames is with the find command; you should give find the -depth -option to minimize problems with permissions on directories that are -unreadable. -@xref{Options}. - -@example -cpio @{-o|--create@} [-0acvABLV] [-C bytes] [-H format] -[-M message] [-O [[user@@]host:]archive] [-F [[user@@]host:]archive] -[--file=[[user@@]host:]archive] [--format=format] [--sparse] -[--message=message][--null] [--reset-access-time] [--verbose] -[--dot] [--append] [--block-size=blocks] [--dereference] -[--io-size=bytes] [--help] [--version] < name-list [> archive] -@end example - -@node Copy-in mode, Copy-pass mode, Copy-out mode, Invoking `cpio' -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@section Copy-in mode - -In copy-in mode, cpio copies files out of an archive or lists the -archive contents. It reads the archive from the standard input. Any -non-option command line arguments are shell globbing patterns; only -files in the archive whose names match one or more of those patterns are -copied from the archive. Unlike in the shell, an initial `.' in a -filename does match a wildcard at the start of a pattern, and a `/' in a -filename can match wildcards. If no patterns are given, all files are -extracted. @xref{Options}. - -@example -cpio @{-i|--extract@} [-bcdfmnrtsuvBSV] [-C bytes] [-E file] -[-H format] [-M message] [-R [user][:.][group]] -[-I [[user@@]host:]archive] [-F [[user@@]host:]archive] -[--file=[[user@@]host:]archive] [--make-directories] -[--nonmatching] [--preserve-modification-time] -[--numeric-uid-gid] [--rename] [--list] [--swap-bytes] [--swap] -[--dot] [--unconditional] [--verbose] [--block-size=blocks] -[--swap-halfwords] [--io-size=bytes] [--pattern-file=file] -[--format=format] [--owner=[user][:.][group]] -[--no- preserve-owner] [--message=message] [--help] [--version] -[-no-abosolute-filenames] [-only-verify-crc] [-quiet] -[pattern...] [< archive] -@end example - -@node Copy-pass mode, Options, Copy-in mode, Invoking `cpio' -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@section Copy-pass mode - -In copy-pass mode, cpio copies files from one directory tree to -another, combining the copy-out and copy-in steps without actually -using an archive. It reads the list of files to copy from the -standard input; the directory into which it will copy them is given as -a non-option argument. -@xref{Options}. - -@example -cpio @{-p|--pass-through@} [-0adlmuvLV] [-R [user][:.][group]] -[--null] [--reset-access-time] [--make-directories] [--link] -[--preserve-modification-time] [--unconditional] [--verbose] -[--dot] [--dereference] [--owner=[user][:.][group]] [--sparse] -[--no-preserve-owner] [--help] [--version] destination-directory -< name-list -@end example - - - -@node Options, , Copy-pass mode, Invoking `cpio' -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@section Options - - -@table @code - - -@item -0, --null -Read a list of filenames terminated by a null character, instead of a -newline, so that files whose names contain newlines can be archived. -GNU find is one way to produce a list of null-terminated filenames. -This option may be used in copy-out and copy-pass modes. - -@item -a, --reset-access-time -Reset the access times of files after reading them, so -that it does not look like they have just been read. - -@item -A, --append -Append to an existing archive. Only works in copy-out -mode. The archive must be a disk file specified with -the -O or -F (--file) option. - -@item -b, --swap -Swap both halfwords of words and bytes of halfwords in the data. -Equivalent to -sS. This option may be used in copy-in mode. Use this -option to convert 32-bit integers between big-endian and little-endian -machines. - -@item -B -Set the I/O block size to 5120 bytes. Initially the -block size is 512 bytes. - -@item --block-size=BLOCK-SIZE -Set the I/O block size to BLOCK-SIZE * 512 bytes. - -@item -c -Use the old portable (ASCII) archive format. - -@item -C IO-SIZE, --io-size=IO-SIZE -Set the I/O block size to IO-SIZE bytes. - -@item -d, --make-directories -Create leading directories where needed. - -@item -E FILE, --pattern-file=FILE -Read additional patterns specifying filenames to extract or list from -FILE. The lines of FILE are treated as if they had been non-option -arguments to cpio. This option is used in copy-in mode, - -@item -f, --nonmatching -Only copy files that do not match any of the given -patterns. - -@item -F, --file=archive -Archive filename to use instead of standard input or output. To use a -tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that starts -with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a username and an -`@@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if you have -permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' -file). - -@item --force-local -With -F, -I, or -O, take the archive file name to be a -local file even if it contains a colon, which would -ordinarily indicate a remote host name. - -@item -H FORMAT, --format=FORMAT -Use archive format FORMAT. The valid formats are listed below; the same -names are also recognized in all-caps. The default in copy-in mode is -to automatically detect the archive format, and in copy-out mode is -@samp{bin}. - -@table @samp -@item bin -The obsolete binary format. - -@item odc -The old (POSIX.1) portable format. - -@item newc -The new (SVR4) portable format, which supports file systems having more -than 65536 i-nodes. - -@item crc -The new (SVR4) portable format with a checksum added. - -@item tar -The old tar format. - -@item ustar -The POSIX.1 tar format. Also recognizes GNU tar archives, which are -similar but not identical. - -@item hpbin -The obsolete binary format used by HPUX's cpio (which stores device -files differently). - -@item hpodc -The portable format used by HPUX's cpio (which stores device files -differently). -@end table - -@item -i, --extract -Run in copy-in mode. -@xref{Copy-in mode}. - -@item -I archive -Archive filename to use instead of standard input. To use a tape drive -on another machine as the archive, use a filename that starts with -`HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a username and an `@@' to -access the remote tape drive as that user, if you have permission to do -so (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' file). - -@item -k -Ignored; for compatibility with other versions of cpio. - -@item -l, --link -Link files instead of copying them, when possible. - -@item -L, --dereference -Copy the file that a symbolic link points to, rather than the symbolic -link itself. - -@item -m, --preserve-modification-time -Retain previous file modification times when creating files. - -@item -M MESSAGE, --message=MESSAGE -Print MESSAGE when the end of a volume of the backup media (such as a -tape or a floppy disk) is reached, to prompt the user to insert a new -volume. If MESSAGE contains the string "%d", it is replaced by the -current volume number (starting at 1). - -@item -n, --numeric-uid-gid -Show numeric UID and GID instead of translating them into names when using the -@samp{--verbose option}. - -@item --no-absolute-filenames -Create all files relative to the current directory in copy-in mode, even -if they have an absolute file name in the archive. - -@item --no-preserve-owner -Do not change the ownership of the files; leave them owned by the user -extracting them. This is the default for non-root users, so that users -on System V don't inadvertantly give away files. This option can be -used in copy-in mode and copy-pass mode - -@item -o, --create -Run in copy-out mode. -@xref{Copy-out mode}. - -@item -O archive -Archive filename to use instead of standard output. To use a tape drive -on another machine as the archive, use a filename that starts with -`HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a username and an `@@' to -access the remote tape drive as that user, if you have permission to do -so (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' file). - -@item --only-verify-crc -Verify the CRC's of each file in the archive, when reading a CRC format -archive. Don't actually extract the files. - -@item -p, --pass-through -Run in copy-pass mode. -@xref{Copy-pass mode}. - -@item --quiet -Do not print the number of blocks copied. - -@item -r, --rename -Interactively rename files. - -@item -R [user][:.][group], --owner [user][:.][group] -Set the ownership of all files created to the specified user and/or -group in copy-out and copy-pass modes. Either the user, the group, or -both, must be present. If the group is omitted but the ":" or "." -separator is given, use the given user's login group. Only the -super-user can change files' ownership. - -@item -s, --swap-bytes -Swap the bytes of each halfword (pair of bytes) in the files.This option -can be used in copy-in mode. - -@item -S, --swap-halfwords -Swap the halfwords of each word (4 bytes) in the files. This option may -be used in copy-in mode. - -@item --sparse -Write files with large blocks of zeros as sparse files. This option is -used in copy-out and copy-pass modes. - -@item -t, --list -Print a table of contents of the input. - -@item -u, --unconditional -Replace all files, without asking whether to replace -existing newer files with older files. - -@item -v, --verbose -List the files processed, or with @samp{-t}, give an @samp{ls -l} style -table of contents listing. In a verbose table of contents of a ustar -archive, user and group names in the archive that do not exist on the -local system are replaced by the names that correspond locally to the -numeric UID and GID stored in the archive. - -@item -V --dot -Print a @kbd{.} for each file processed. - -@item --version -Print the cpio program version number and exit. -@end table - - -@node Media, Concept Index, Invoking `cpio', Top -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@chapter Magnetic Media -@cindex magnetic media - -Archives are usually written on removable media--tape cartridges, mag -tapes, or floppy disks. - -The amount of data a tape or disk holds depends not only on its size, -but also on how it is formatted. A 2400 foot long reel of mag tape -holds 40 megabytes of data when formated at 1600 bits per inch. The -physically smaller EXABYTE tape cartridge holds 2.3 gigabytes. - -Magnetic media are re-usable--once the archive on a tape is no longer -needed, the archive can be erased and the tape or disk used over. Media -quality does deteriorate with use, however. Most tapes or disks should -be disgarded when they begin to produce data errors. - -Magnetic media are written and erased using magnetic fields, and should -be protected from such fields to avoid damage to stored data. Sticking -a floppy disk to a filing cabinet using a magnet is probably not a good -idea. - - -@node Concept Index, , Media, Top -@comment node-name, next, previous, up -@unnumbered Concept Index -@printindex cp -@contents -@bye |