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- Internet Software Consortium
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Distribution
- Version 2, Beta 1, Patchlevel 11
- February 8, 1998
-
-This is the first Beta release of Version 2 of the Internet Software
-Consortium DHCP Distribution. In version 2.0, this distribution
-includes a DHCP server, a DHCP client, and a BOOTP/DHCP relay agent.
-This beta is believed to be fairly stable. However, DHCP server users
-running a production environment should probably still use version
-1.0, which is more stable, having been in a feature freeze since
-November of 1996.
-
-In this release, the server and relay agent currently work well on
-NetBSD, Linux, FreeBSD, BSD/OS, Ultrix, Digital Alpha OSF/1, and SunOS
-4.1.4. They can also be run usefully on Solaris as long as only one
-broadcast network interface is configured. They also runs on QNX as
-long as only one broadcast network interface is configured and a host
-route is added from that interface to the 255.255.255.255 broadcast
-address. If you are running a Linux 2.0.30 or previous kernel, the
-DHCP daemons will only be able to operate on machines with a single
-network interface.
-
-The DHCP client currently only knows how to configure the network on
-NetBSD, FreeBSD, BSD/os, Linux, Solaris and NextStep. The client
-depends on a system-dependent shell script to do network
-configuration - support for other operating systems is simply a matter
-of porting this shell script to the new platform.
-
-If you wish to run the DHCP Distribution on Linux, please see the
-Linux-specific notes later in this document. If you wish to run on an
-SCO release, please see the SCO-specific notes later in this document.
-You particularly need to read these notes if you intend to support
-Windows 95 clients. If you are running a version of FreeBSD prior to
-2.2, please read the note on FreeBSD. If you are running HP-UX or
-Ultrix, please read the notes for those operating systems below.
-If you are running NeXTSTEP, please see the notes on NeXTSTEP below.
-
-If you start dhcpd and get a message, "no free bpf", that means you
-need to configure the Berkeley Packet Filter into your operating
-system kernel. On NetBSD, FreeBSD and BSD/os, type ``man bpf'' for
-information. On Digital Unix, type ``man pfilt''.
-
-
- BUILDING THE DHCP DISTRIBUTION
-
-To build the DHCP Distribution, unpack the compressed tar file using
-the tar utility and the gzip command - type something like:
-
- zcat dhcp-2.0b1pl11.tar.gz |tar xvf -
-
-Now, cd to the dhcp-2.0b1pl11 subdirectory that you've just created and
-configure the source tree by typing:
-
- ./configure
-
-If the configure utility can figure out what sort of system you're
-running on, it will create a custom Makefile for you for that
-system; otherwise, it will complain. If it can't figure out what
-system you are using, that system is not supported - you are on
-your own.
-
-Once you've run configure, just type ``make'', and after a while
-you should have a dhcp server. If you get compile errors on one
-of the supported systems mentioned earlier, please let us know.
-If you get warnings, it's not likely to be a problem - the DHCP
-server compiles completely warning-free on as many architectures
-as we can manage, but there are a few for which this is difficult.
-If you get errors on a system not mentioned above, you will need
-to do some programming or debugging on your own to get the DHCP
-Distribution working.
-
-Once you have successfully gotten the DHCP Distribution to build, you
-can install it by typing ``make install''. If you already have an old
-version of the DHCP Distribution installed, you may want to save it
-before typing ``make install''.
-
- LINUX
-
-There are three big LINUX issues: the all-ones broadcast address,
-Linux 2.1 ip_bootp_agent enabling, and operations with more than one
-network interface. There are also two potential compilation/runtime
-problems for Linux 2.1/2.2: the "SO_ATTACH_FILTER undeclared" problem
-and the "protocol not configured" problem.
-
- LINUX: SO_ATTACH_FILTER UNDECLARED
-
-In addition, there is a minor issue that we will mention here because
-this release is so close on the heels of the Linux 2.2 release: there
-is a symlink in /usr/include that points at the linux asm headers. It
-appears to be not uncommon that this link won't be updated correctly,
-in which case you'll get the following error when you try to build:
-
- lpf.c: In function `if_register_receive':
- lpf.c:152: `SO_ATTACH_FILTER' undeclared (first use this function)
- lpf.c:152: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
- lpf.c:152: for each function it appears in.)
-
-The line numbers may be different, of course. If you see this
-header, your linux asm header link is probably bad, and you should
-make sure it's pointing to correct linux source directory.
-
- LINUX: PROTOCOL NOT CONFIGURED
-
-One additional Linux 2.1/2.2 issue: if you get the following message,
-it's because your kernel doesn't have the linux packetfilter
-configured:
-
- Can't install packet filter program: Protocol not available
- exiting.
-
-If this happens, you need to edit your linux kernel .config file, set
-CONFIG_FILTER=y, and rebuild your kernel. If the preceding sentence
-made no sense to you, ask your Linux vendor/guru for help - please
-don't ask us.
-
- LINUX: BROADCAST
-
-In order for dhcpd to work correctly with picky DHCP clients (e.g.,
-Windows 95), it must be able to send packets with an IP destination
-address of 255.255.255.255. Unfortunately, Linux insists on changing
-255.255.255.255 into the local subnet broadcast address (here, that's
-192.5.5.223). This results in a DHCP protocol violation, and while
-many DHCP clients don't notice the problem, some (e.g., all Microsoft
-DHCP clients) do. Clients that have this problem will appear not to
-see DHCPOFFER messages from the server.
-
-It is possible to work around this problem on some versions of Linux
-by creating a host route from your network interface address to
-255.255.255.255. The command you need to use to do this on Linux
-varies from version to version. The easiest version is:
-
- route add -host 255.255.255.255 dev eth0
-
-On some older Linux systems, you will get an error if you try to do
-this. On those systems, try adding the following entry to your
-/etc/hosts file:
-
-255.255.255.255 all-ones
-
-Then, try:
-
- route add -host all-ones dev eth0
-
-Another route that has worked for some users is:
-
- route add -net 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
-
-If you are not using eth0 as your network interface, you should
-specify the network interface you *are* using in your route command.
-
- LINUX: IP BOOTP AGENT
-
-Some versions of the Linux 2.1 kernel apparently prevent dhcpd from
-working unless you enable it by doing the following:
-
- echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_bootp_agent
-
-
- LINUX: MULTIPLE INTERFACES
-
-Most older versions of the Linux kernel do not provide a networking
-API that allows dhcpd to operate correctly if the system has more than
-one broadcast network interface. However, Linux 2.0 kernels with
-version numbers greater than or equal to 2.0.31 add an API feature:
-the SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option. If SO_BINDTODEVICE is present, it
-is possible for dhcpd to operate on Linux with more than one network
-interface. In order to take advantage of this, you must be running a
-2.0.31 or greater kernel, and you must have 2.0.31 or later system
-headers installed *before* you build the DHCP Distribution.
-
-We have heard reports that you must still add routes to 255.255.255.255
-in order for the all-ones broadcast to work, even on 2.0.31 kernels.
-In fact, you now need to add a route for each interface. Hopefully
-the Linux kernel gurus will get this straight eventually.
-
- SCO
-
-SCO has the same problem as Linux (described earlier). The thing is,
-SCO *really* doesn't want to let you add a host route to the all-ones
-broadcast address. One technique that has been successful on some
-versions of SCO is the very bizarre command:
-
- ifconfig net0 alias 10.1.1.1 netmask 8.0.0.0
-
-Apparently this works because of an interaction between SCO's support
-for network classes and the weird netmask. The 10.* network is just a
-dummy that can generally be assumed to be safe. Don't ask why this
-works. Just try it. If it works for you, great. If not, SCO is
-supposedly adding hooks to support real DHCP service in a future
-release - I have this on good authority from the people at SCO who do
-*their* DHCP server and client.
-
- HP-UX
-
-HP-UX has the same problem with the all-ones broadcast address that
-SCO and Linux have. One user reported that adding the following to
-/etc/rc.config.d/netconf helped (you may have to modify this to suit
-your local configuration):
-
-INTERFACE_NAME[0]=lan0
-IP_ADDRESS[0]=1.1.1.1
-SUBNET_MASK[0]=255.255.255.0
-BROADCAST_ADDRESS[0]="255.255.255.255"
-LANCONFIG_ARGS[0]="ether"
-DHCP_ENABLE[0]=0
-
- ULTRIX
-
-Now that we have Ultrix packet filter support, the DHCP Distribution
-on Ultrix should be pretty trouble-free. However, one thing you do
-need to be aware of is that it now requires that the pfilt device be
-configured into your kernel and present in /dev. If you type ``man
-packetfilter'', you will get some information on how to configure your
-kernel for the packet filter (if it isn't already) and how to make an
-entry for it in /dev.
-
- FreeBSD
-
-Versions of FreeBSD prior to 2.2 have a bug in BPF support in that the
-ethernet driver swaps the ethertype field in the ethernet header
-downstream from BPF, which corrupts the output packet. If you are
-running a version of FreeBSD prior to 2.2, and you find that dhcpd
-can't communicate with its clients, you should #define BROKEN_FREEBSD_BPF
-in site.h and recompile.
-
- NeXTSTEP
-
-The NeXTSTEP support uses the NeXTSTEP Berkeley Packet Filter
-extension, which is not included in the base NextStep system. You
-must install this extension in order to get dhcpd or dhclient to work.
-
- SOLARIS
-
-One problem which has been observed and is not fixed in this patchlevel
-has to do with using DLPI on Solaris 2.6 machines, probably only on Intel,
-but possibly also on SPARC. The symptom of this problem is that you never
-receive any DHCP packets. If you are running Solaris 2.6, and you
-encounter this symptom, and you are running the DHCP server on a machine
-with a single broadcast network interface, you may wish to edit the
-includes/site.h file and uncomment the #define USE_SOCKETS line. Then
-type ``make clean; make''.
-
- SUPPORT
-
-The Internet Software Consortium DHCP server is not a commercial
-product, and is not supported in that sense. However, it has
-attracted a fairly sizable following on the Internet, which means that
-there are a lot of knowledgable users who may be able to help you if
-you get stuck. These people generally read the dhcp-server@fugue.com
-mailing list.
-
-If you are going to use dhcpd, you should probably subscribe to the
-dhcp-server and dhcp-announce mailing lists. If you will be using
-dhclient, you should subscribe to the dhcp-client mailing list.
-PLEASE DO NOT send queries about non-isc clients to the dhcp-client
-mailing list. If you're asking about them on an ISC mailing list,
-it's probably because you're using the ISC DHCP server, so ask there.
-
-Please see http://www.fugue.com/dhcp/lists for details on how to
-subscribe. If you don't have WorldWide Web access, you can send mail
-to dhcp-request@fugue.com and tell me which lists you want to
-subscribe to, but please use the web interface if you can, since I
-have to handle the -request mailing list manually, and I will give you
-the third degree if you make me do your subscription manually.
-
-PLEASE DO NOT SEND REQUESTS FOR SUPPORT DIRECTLY TO ME! The number of
-people using the DHCP Distribution is sufficiently large that if I
-take an interrupt every time any one of those people runs into
-trouble, I will never get any more coding done.
-
-PLEASE DO NOT CALL ME ON THE PHONE FOR SUPPORT! Answering the phone
-takes a lot more of my time and attention than answering email. If you
-do call me on the phone, I will tell you to send email to the mailing
-list, and I won't answer your question, so there's no point in doing
-it.
-
- BUGS
-
-This release of the DHCP Distribution does not yet contain support for
-DHCPINFORM. Support for DHCPINFORM will be present in the release at
-a later time. DHCPINFORM is somewhat tangential to the main purpose
-of the DHCP protocol, so this probably won't be a major problem for
-most users.
-
-Vendor tags and User tags are not currently supported.
-
-