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+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+perlhist - the Perl history records
+
+=for RCS
+#
+# $Id: perlhist.pod,v 1.48 1998/08/03 08:50:12 jhi Exp $
+#
+=end RCS
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This document aims to record the Perl source code releases.
+
+=head1 INTRODUCTION
+
+Perl history in brief, by Larry Wall:
+
+ Perl 0 introduced Perl to my officemates.
+ Perl 1 introduced Perl to the world, and changed /\(...\|...\)/ to
+ /(...|...)/. \(Dan Faigin still hasn't forgiven me. :-\)
+ Perl 2 introduced Henry Spencer's regular expression package.
+ Perl 3 introduced the ability to handle binary data (embedded nulls).
+ Perl 4 introduced the first Camel book. Really. We mostly just
+ switched version numbers so the book could refer to 4.000.
+ Perl 5 introduced everything else, including the ability to
+ introduce everything else.
+
+=head1 THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
+
+Larry Wall, Andy Dougherty, Tom Christiansen, Charles Bailey, Nick
+Ing-Simmons, Chip Salzenberg, Tim Bunce, Malcolm Beattie, Gurusamy
+Sarathy, Graham Barr.
+
+=head2 PUMPKIN?
+
+[from Porting/pumpkin.pod in the Perl source code distribution]
+
+Chip Salzenberg gets credit for that, with a nod to his cow orker,
+David Croy. We had passed around various names (baton, token, hot
+potato) but none caught on. Then, Chip asked:
+
+[begin quote]
+
+ Who has the patch pumpkin?
+
+To explain: David Croy once told me once that at a previous job,
+there was one tape drive and multiple systems that used it for backups.
+But instead of some high-tech exclusion software, they used a low-tech
+method to prevent multiple simultaneous backups: a stuffed pumpkin.
+No one was allowed to make backups unless they had the "backup pumpkin".
+
+[end quote]
+
+The name has stuck. The holder of the pumpkin is sometimes called
+the pumpking (keeping the source afloat?) or the pumpkineer (pulling
+the strings?).
+
+=head1 THE RECORDS
+
+ Pump- Release Date Notes
+ king (by no means
+ comprehensive,
+ see Changes*
+ for details)
+ ===========================================================================
+
+ Larry 0 Classified. Don't ask.
+
+ Larry 1.000 1987-Dec-18
+
+ 1.001..10 1988-Jan-30
+ 1.011..14 1988-Feb-02
+
+ Larry 2.000 1988-Jun-05
+
+ 2.001 1988-Jun-28
+
+ Larry 3.000 1989-Oct-18
+
+ 3.001 1989-Oct-26
+ 3.002..4 1989-Nov-11
+ 3.005 1989-Nov-18
+ 3.006..8 1989-Dec-22
+ 3.009..13 1990-Mar-02
+ 3.014 1990-Mar-13
+ 3.015 1990-Mar-14
+ 3.016..18 1990-Mar-28
+ 3.019..27 1990-Aug-10 User subs.
+ 3.028 1990-Aug-14
+ 3.029..36 1990-Oct-17
+ 3.037 1990-Oct-20
+ 3.040 1990-Nov-10
+ 3.041 1990-Nov-13
+ 3.042..43 1990-Jan-??
+ 3.044 1991-Jan-12
+
+ Larry 4.000 1991-Mar-21
+
+ 4.001..3 1991-Apr-12
+ 4.004..9 1991-Jun-07
+ 4.010 1991-Jun-10
+ 4.011..18 1991-Nov-05
+ 4.019 1991-Nov-11 Stable.
+ 4.020..33 1992-Jun-08
+ 4.034 1992-Jun-11
+ 4.035 1992-Jun-23
+ Larry 4.036 1993-Feb-05 Very stable.
+
+ 5.000alpha1 1993-Jul-31
+ 5.000alpha2 1993-Aug-16
+ 5.000alpha3 1993-Oct-10
+ 5.000alpha4 1993-???-??
+ 5.000alpha5 1993-???-??
+ 5.000alpha6 1994-Mar-18
+ 5.003alpha7 1994-Mar-25
+ Andy 5.000alpha8 1994-Apr-04
+ Larry 5.000alpha9 1994-May-05 ext appears.
+ 5.000alpha10 1994-???-??
+ 5.000alpha11 1994-???-??
+ Andy 5.000a11a 1994-Jul-07 To fit 14.
+ 5.000a11b 1994-Jul-14
+ 5.000a11c 1994-Jul-19
+ 5.000a11d 1994-Jul-22
+ Larry 5.000alpha12 1994-???-??
+ Andy 5.000a12a 1994-Aug-08
+ 5.000a12b 1994-Aug-15
+ 5.000a12c 1994-Aug-22
+ 5.000a12d 1994-Aug-22
+ 5.000a12e 1994-Aug-22
+ 5.000a12f 1994-Aug-24
+ 5.000a12g 1994-Aug-24
+ 5.000a12h 1994-Aug-24
+ Larry 5.000beta1 1994-???-??
+ Andy 5.000b1a 1994-???-??
+ Larry 5.000beta2 1994-Sep-14 Core slushified.
+ Andy 5.000b2a 1994-Sep-14
+ 5.000b2b 1994-Sep-17
+ 5.000b2c 1994-Sep-17
+ Larry 5.000beta3 1994-Sep-??
+ Andy 5.000b3a 1994-Sep-18
+ 5.000b3b 1994-Sep-22
+ 5.000b3c 1994-Sep-23
+ 5.000b3d 1994-Sep-27
+ 5.000b3e 1994-Sep-28
+ 5.000b3f 1994-Sep-30
+ 5.000b3g 1994-Oct-04
+ Andy 5.000b3h 1994-Oct-07
+
+ Larry 5.000 1994-Oct-18
+
+ Andy 5.000a 1994-Dec-19
+ 5.000b 1995-Jan-18
+ 5.000c 1995-Jan-18
+ 5.000d 1995-Jan-18
+ 5.000e 1995-Jan-18
+ 5.000f 1995-Jan-18
+ 5.000g 1995-Jan-18
+ 5.000h 1995-Jan-18
+ 5.000i 1995-Jan-26
+ 5.000j 1995-Feb-07
+ 5.000k 1995-Feb-11
+ 5.000l 1995-Feb-21
+ 5.000m 1995-???-??
+ 5.000n 1995-Mar-07
+
+ Larry 5.001 1995-Mar-13
+
+ Andy 5.001a 1995-Mar-15
+ 5.001b 1995-Mar-31
+ 5.001c 1995-Apr-07
+ 5.001d 1995-Apr-14
+ 5.001e 1995-Apr-18 Stable.
+ 5.001f 1995-May-31
+ 5.001g 1995-May-25
+ 5.001h 1995-May-25
+ 5.001i 1995-May-30
+ 5.001j 1995-Jun-05
+ 5.001k 1995-Jun-06
+ 5.001l 1995-Jun-06 Stable.
+ 5.001m 1995-Jul-02 Very stable.
+ 5.001n 1995-Oct-31 Very unstable.
+ 5.002beta1 1995-Nov-21
+ 5.002b1a 1995-Nov-??
+ 5.002b1b 1995-Dec-04
+ 5.002b1c 1995-Dec-04
+ 5.002b1d 1995-Dec-04
+ 5.002b1e 1995-Dec-08
+ 5.002b1f 1995-Dec-08
+ Tom 5.002b1g 1995-Dec-21 Doc release.
+ Andy 5.002b1h 1996-Jan-05
+ 5.002b2 1996-Jan-14
+ Larry 5.002b3 1996-Feb-02
+ Andy 5.002gamma 1996-Feb-11
+ Larry 5.002delta 1996-Feb-27
+
+ Larry 5.002 1996-Feb-29 Prototypes.
+
+ Charles 5.002_01 1996-Mar-25
+
+ 5.003 1996-Jun-25 Security release.
+
+ 5.003_01 1996-Jul-31
+ Nick 5.003_02 1996-Aug-10
+ Andy 5.003_03 1996-Aug-28
+ 5.003_04 1996-Sep-02
+ 5.003_05 1996-Sep-12
+ 5.003_06 1996-Oct-07
+ 5.003_07 1996-Oct-10
+ Chip 5.003_08 1996-Nov-19
+ 5.003_09 1996-Nov-26
+ 5.003_10 1996-Nov-29
+ 5.003_11 1996-Dec-06
+ 5.003_12 1996-Dec-19
+ 5.003_13 1996-Dec-20
+ 5.003_14 1996-Dec-23
+ 5.003_15 1996-Dec-23
+ 5.003_16 1996-Dec-24
+ 5.003_17 1996-Dec-27
+ 5.003_18 1996-Dec-31
+ 5.003_19 1997-Jan-04
+ 5.003_20 1997-Jan-07
+ 5.003_21 1997-Jan-15
+ 5.003_22 1997-Jan-16
+ 5.003_23 1997-Jan-25
+ 5.003_24 1997-Jan-29
+ 5.003_25 1997-Feb-04
+ 5.003_26 1997-Feb-10
+ 5.003_27 1997-Feb-18
+ 5.003_28 1997-Feb-21
+ 5.003_90 1997-Feb-25 Ramping up to the 5.004 release.
+ 5.003_91 1997-Mar-01
+ 5.003_92 1997-Mar-06
+ 5.003_93 1997-Mar-10
+ 5.003_94 1997-Mar-22
+ 5.003_95 1997-Mar-25
+ 5.003_96 1997-Apr-01
+ 5.003_97 1997-Apr-03 Fairly widely used.
+ 5.003_97a 1997-Apr-05
+ 5.003_97b 1997-Apr-08
+ 5.003_97c 1997-Apr-10
+ 5.003_97d 1997-Apr-13
+ 5.003_97e 1997-Apr-15
+ 5.003_97f 1997-Apr-17
+ 5.003_97g 1997-Apr-18
+ 5.003_97h 1997-Apr-24
+ 5.003_97i 1997-Apr-25
+ 5.003_97j 1997-Apr-28
+ 5.003_98 1997-Apr-30
+ 5.003_99 1997-May-01
+ 5.003_99a 1997-May-09
+ p54rc1 1997-May-12 Release Candidates.
+ p54rc2 1997-May-14
+
+ Chip 5.004 1997-May-15 A major maintenance release.
+
+ Tim 5.004_01 1997-Jun-13 The 5.004 maintenance track.
+ 5.004_02 1997-Aug-07
+ 5.004_03 1997-Sep-05
+ 5.004_04 1997-Oct-15
+ 5.004m5t1 1998-Mar-04 Maintenance Trials (for 5.004_05).
+ 5.004_04-m2 1997-May-01
+ 5.004_04-m3 1998-May-15
+ 5.004_04-m4 1998-May-19
+ 5.004_04-MT5 1998-Jul-21
+
+ Malcolm 5.004_50 1997-Sep-09 The 5.005 development track.
+ 5.004_51 1997-Oct-02
+ 5.004_52 1997-Oct-15
+ 5.004_53 1997-Oct-16
+ 5.004_54 1997-Nov-14
+ 5.004_55 1997-Nov-25
+ 5.004_56 1997-Dec-18
+ 5.004_57 1998-Feb-03
+ 5.004_58 1998-Feb-06
+ 5.004_59 1998-Feb-13
+ 5.004_60 1998-Feb-20
+ 5.004_61 1998-Feb-27
+ 5.004_62 1998-Mar-06
+ 5.004_63 1998-Mar-17
+ 5.004_64 1998-Apr-03
+ 5.004_65 1998-May-15
+ 5.004_66 1998-May-29
+ Sarathy 5.004_67 1998-Jun-15
+ 5.004_68 1998-Jun-23
+ 5.004_69 1998-Jun-29
+ 5.004_70 1998-Jul-06
+ 5.004_71 1998-Jul-09
+ 5.004_72 1998-Jul-12
+ 5.004_73 1998-Jul-13
+ 5.004_74 1998-Jul-14 5.005 beta candidate.
+ 5.004_75 1998-Jul-15 5.005 beta1.
+ 5.004_76 1998-Jul-21 5.005 beta2.
+ 5.005 1998-Jul-22 Oneperl.
+
+ Sarathy 5.005_01 1998-Jul-27 The 5.005 maintenance track.
+ 5.005_02-T1 1998-Aug-02
+ 5.005_02-T2 1998-Aug-05
+ 5.005_02 1998-Aug-08
+ Graham 5.005_03 1998-
+
+ Sarathy 5.005_50 1998-Jul-26 The 5.006 development track.
+
+=head2 SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
+
+For example the notation "core: 212 29" in the release 1.000 means that
+it had in the core 212 kilobytes, in 29 files. The "core".."doc" are
+explained below.
+
+ release core lib ext t doc
+ ======================================================================
+
+ 1.000 212 29 - - - - 38 51 62 3
+ 1.014 219 29 - - - - 39 52 68 4
+ 2.000 309 31 2 3 - - 55 57 92 4
+ 2.001 312 31 2 3 - - 55 57 94 4
+ 3.000 508 36 24 11 - - 79 73 156 5
+ 3.044 645 37 61 20 - - 90 74 190 6
+ 4.000 635 37 59 20 - - 91 75 198 4
+ 4.019 680 37 85 29 - - 98 76 199 4
+ 4.036 709 37 89 30 - - 98 76 208 5
+ 5.000alpha2 785 50 114 32 - - 112 86 209 5
+ 5.000alpha3 801 50 117 33 - - 121 87 209 5
+ 5.000alpha9 1022 56 149 43 116 29 125 90 217 6
+ 5.000a12h 978 49 140 49 205 46 152 97 228 9
+ 5.000b3h 1035 53 232 70 216 38 162 94 218 21
+ 5.000 1038 53 250 76 216 38 154 92 536 62
+ 5.001m 1071 54 388 82 240 38 159 95 544 29
+ 5.002 1121 54 661 101 287 43 155 94 847 35
+ 5.003 1129 54 680 102 291 43 166 100 853 35
+ 5.003_07 1231 60 748 106 396 53 213 137 976 39
+ 5.004 1351 60 1230 136 408 51 355 161 1587 55
+ 5.004_01 1356 60 1258 138 410 51 358 161 1587 55
+ 5.004_04 1375 60 1294 139 413 51 394 162 1629 55
+ 5.004_51 1401 61 1260 140 413 53 358 162 1594 56
+ 5.004_53 1422 62 1295 141 438 70 394 162 1637 56
+ 5.004_56 1501 66 1301 140 447 74 408 165 1648 57
+ 5.004_59 1555 72 1317 142 448 74 424 171 1678 58
+ 5.004_62 1602 77 1327 144 629 92 428 173 1674 58
+ 5.004_65 1626 77 1358 146 615 92 446 179 1698 60
+ 5.004_68 1856 74 1382 152 619 92 463 187 1784 60
+ 5.004_70 1863 75 1456 154 675 92 494 194 1809 60
+ 5.004_73 1874 76 1467 152 762 102 506 196 1883 61
+ 5.004_75 1877 76 1467 152 770 103 508 196 1896 62
+ 5.005 1896 76 1469 152 795 103 509 197 1945 63
+
+The "core"..."doc" mean the following files from the Perl source code
+distribution. The glob notation ** means recursively, (.) means
+regular files.
+
+ core *.[hcy]
+ lib lib/**/*.p[ml]
+ ext ext/**/*.{[hcyt],xs,pm}
+ t t/**/*(.)
+ doc {README*,INSTALL,*[_.]man{,.?},pod/**/*.pod}
+
+Here are some statistics for the other subdirectories and one file in
+the Perl source distribution for somewhat more selected releases.
+
+ ======================================================================
+ Legend: kB #
+
+ 1.014 2.001 3.044 4.000 4.019 4.036
+
+ atarist - - - - - - - - - - 113 31
+ Configure 31 1 37 1 62 1 73 1 83 1 86 1
+ eg - - 34 28 47 39 47 39 47 39 47 39
+ emacs - - - - - - 67 4 67 4 67 4
+ h2pl - - - - 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
+ hints - - - - - - - - 5 42 11 56
+ msdos - - - - 41 13 57 15 58 15 60 15
+ os2 - - - - 63 22 81 29 81 29 113 31
+ usub - - - - 21 16 25 7 43 8 43 8
+ x2p 103 17 104 17 137 17 147 18 152 19 154 19
+
+ ======================================================================
+
+ 5.000a2 5.000a12h 5.000b3h 5.000 5.001m 5.002 5.003
+
+ atarist 113 31 113 31 - - - - - - - - - -
+ bench - - 0 1 - - - - - - - - - -
+ Bugs 2 5 26 1 - - - - - - - - - -
+ dlperl 40 5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ do 127 71 - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ Configure - - 153 1 159 1 160 1 180 1 201 1 201 1
+ Doc - - 26 1 75 7 11 1 11 1 - - - -
+ eg 79 58 53 44 51 43 54 44 54 44 54 44 54 44
+ emacs 67 4 104 6 104 6 104 1 104 6 108 1 108 1
+ h2pl 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
+ hints 11 56 12 46 18 48 18 48 44 56 73 59 77 60
+ msdos 60 15 60 15 - - - - - - - - - -
+ os2 113 31 113 31 - - - - - - 84 17 56 10
+ U - - 62 8 112 42 - - - - - - - -
+ usub 43 8 - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ utils - - - - - - - - - - 87 7 88 7
+ vms - - 80 7 123 9 184 15 304 20 500 24 475 26
+ x2p 171 22 171 21 162 20 162 20 279 20 280 20 280 20
+
+ ======================================================================
+
+ 5.003_07 5.004 5.004_04 5.004_62 5.004_65 5.004_68
+
+ beos - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1
+ Configure 217 1 225 1 225 1 240 1 248 1 256 1
+ cygwin32 - - 23 5 23 5 23 5 24 5 24 5
+ djgpp - - - - - - 14 5 14 5 14 5
+ eg 54 44 81 62 81 62 81 62 81 62 81 62
+ emacs 143 1 194 1 204 1 212 2 212 2 212 2
+ h2pl 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
+ hints 90 62 129 69 132 71 144 72 151 74 155 74
+ os2 117 42 121 42 127 42 127 44 129 44 129 44
+ plan9 79 15 82 15 82 15 82 15 82 15 82 15
+ Porting 51 1 94 2 109 4 203 6 234 8 241 9
+ qnx - - 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
+ utils 97 7 112 8 118 8 124 8 156 9 159 9
+ vms 505 27 518 34 524 34 538 34 569 34 569 34
+ win32 - - 285 33 378 36 470 39 493 39 575 41
+ x2p 280 19 281 19 281 19 281 19 282 19 281 19
+
+ ======================================================================
+
+ 5.004_70 5.004_73 5.004_75 5.005
+
+ beos 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ Configure 256 1 256 1 264 1 264 1
+ cygwin32 24 5 24 5 24 5 24 5
+ djgpp 14 5 14 5 14 5 14 5
+ eg 86 65 86 65 86 65 86 65
+ emacs 262 2 262 2 262 2 262 2
+ h2pl 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
+ hints 157 74 157 74 159 74 160 74
+ mpeix - - - - 5 3 5 3
+ os2 129 44 139 44 142 44 143 44
+ plan9 82 15 82 15 82 15 82 15
+ Porting 241 9 253 9 259 10 264 12
+ qnx 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
+ utils 160 9 160 9 160 9 160 9
+ vms 570 34 572 34 573 34 575 34
+ win32 577 41 585 41 585 41 587 41
+ x2p 281 19 281 19 281 19 281 19
+
+=head2 SELECTED PATCH SIZES
+
+The "diff lines kb" means that for example the patch 5.003_08, to be
+applied on top of the 5.003_07 (or whatever was before the 5.003_08)
+added lines for 110 kilobytes, it removed lines for 19 kilobytes, and
+changed lines for 424 kilobytes. Just the lines themselves are
+counted, not their context. The "+ - !" become from the diff(1)s
+context diff output format.
+
+ Pump- Release Date diff lines kB
+ king + - !
+ ===========================================================================
+
+ Chip 5.003_08 1996-Nov-19 110 19 424
+ 5.003_09 1996-Nov-26 38 9 248
+ 5.003_10 1996-Nov-29 29 2 27
+ 5.003_11 1996-Dec-06 73 12 165
+ 5.003_12 1996-Dec-19 275 6 436
+ 5.003_13 1996-Dec-20 95 1 56
+ 5.003_14 1996-Dec-23 23 7 333
+ 5.003_15 1996-Dec-23 0 0 1
+ 5.003_16 1996-Dec-24 12 3 50
+ 5.003_17 1996-Dec-27 19 1 14
+ 5.003_18 1996-Dec-31 21 1 32
+ 5.003_19 1997-Jan-04 80 3 85
+ 5.003_20 1997-Jan-07 18 1 146
+ 5.003_21 1997-Jan-15 38 10 221
+ 5.003_22 1997-Jan-16 4 0 18
+ 5.003_23 1997-Jan-25 71 15 119
+ 5.003_24 1997-Jan-29 426 1 20
+ 5.003_25 1997-Feb-04 21 8 169
+ 5.003_26 1997-Feb-10 16 1 15
+ 5.003_27 1997-Feb-18 32 10 38
+ 5.003_28 1997-Feb-21 58 4 66
+ 5.003_90 1997-Feb-25 22 2 34
+ 5.003_91 1997-Mar-01 37 1 39
+ 5.003_92 1997-Mar-06 16 3 69
+ 5.003_93 1997-Mar-10 12 3 15
+ 5.003_94 1997-Mar-22 407 7 200
+ 5.003_95 1997-Mar-25 41 1 37
+ 5.003_96 1997-Apr-01 283 5 261
+ 5.003_97 1997-Apr-03 13 2 34
+ 5.003_97a 1997-Apr-05 57 1 27
+ 5.003_97b 1997-Apr-08 14 1 20
+ 5.003_97c 1997-Apr-10 20 1 16
+ 5.003_97d 1997-Apr-13 8 0 16
+ 5.003_97e 1997-Apr-15 15 4 46
+ 5.003_97f 1997-Apr-17 7 1 33
+ 5.003_97g 1997-Apr-18 6 1 42
+ 5.003_97h 1997-Apr-24 23 3 68
+ 5.003_97i 1997-Apr-25 23 1 31
+ 5.003_97j 1997-Apr-28 36 1 49
+ 5.003_98 1997-Apr-30 171 12 539
+ 5.003_99 1997-May-01 6 0 7
+ 5.003_99a 1997-May-09 36 2 61
+ p54rc1 1997-May-12 8 1 11
+ p54rc2 1997-May-14 6 0 40
+
+ 5.004 1997-May-15 4 0 4
+
+ Tim 5.004_01 1997-Jun-13 222 14 57
+ 5.004_02 1997-Aug-07 112 16 119
+ 5.004_03 1997-Sep-05 109 0 17
+ 5.004_04 1997-Oct-15 66 8 173
+
+=head1 THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
+
+Jarkko Hietaniemi <F<jhi@iki.fi>>.
+
+Thanks to the collective memory of the Perlfolk. In addition to the
+Keepers of the Pumpkin also Alan Champion, Andreas König, John
+Macdonald, Matthias Neeracher, Michael Peppler, Randal Schwartz, and
+Paul D. Smith sent corrections and additions.
+
+=cut
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2025-10-31 19:02:01 +0000