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-Request: after building the programs, please run the `tcpdchk' wrapper
-configuration checker. See the `tcpdchk.8' manual page (`nroff -man'
-format) for instructions. `tcpdchk' automatically identifies the most
-common configuration problems, and will save you and me a lot of time.
-
-Changes per release 7.6 (Mar 1997)
-==================================
-
-- Improved the anti source-routing protection. The code in version
-7.5 was not as strong as it could be, because I tried to be compatible
-with Linux. That was a mistake. Sorry for the inconvenience.
-
-- The program no longer terminates case of a source-routed connection,
-making the IP-spoofing code more usable for long-running daemons.
-
-- When syslogging DNS hostname problems, always stop after a limited
-number of characters.
-
-Changes per release 7.5 (Feb 1997)
-==================================
-
-- Optionally refuse source-routed TCP connections requests altogether.
-Credits to Niels Provos of Universitaet Hamburg. File: fix_options.c.
-
-- Support for IRIX 6 (Lael Tucker).
-
-- Support for Amdahl UTS 2.1.5 (Richard E. Richmond).
-
-- Support for SINIX 5.42 (Klaus Nielsen).
-
-- SCO 5 now has vsyslog() (Bill Golden).
-
-- Hints and tips for dealing with IRIX inetd (Niko Makila, Aaron
-M Lee).
-
-- Support for BSD/OS (Paul Borman).
-
-- Support for Tandem (Emad Qawas).
-
-- Support for ISC (Frederick B. Cohen).
-
-- Workaround for UNICOS - it would choke on a setjmp() expression
-(Bruce Kelly). File: hosts_access.c, tcpdchk.c.
-
-- Increased the level of buffer overflow paranoia when printing
-unwanted IP options. File: fix_options.c.
-
-Changes per release 7.4 (Mar 1996)
-==================================
-
-- IRIX 5.3 (and possibly, earlier releases, too) library routines call
-the non-reentrant strtok() routine. The result is that hosts may slip
-through allow/deny filters. Workaround is to not rely on the vendor's
-strtok() routine (#ifdef LIBC_CALLS_STRTOK). Credits to Th. Eifert
-(Aachen University) for spotting this one. This fix supersedes the
-earlier workaround for a similar problem in FreeBSD 2.0.
-
-Changes per release 7.3 (Feb 1996)
-==================================
-
-- More tests added to tcpdchk and tcpdmatch: make sure that the
-REAL_DAEMON_DIR actually is a directory and not a regular file;
-detect if tcpd recursively calls itself.
-
-- Edwin Kremer found an amusing fencepost error in the xgets()
-routine: lines longer than BUFLEN characters would be garbled.
-
-- The access control routines now refuse to execute "dangerous" actions
-such as `twist' when they are called from within a resident process.
-This prevents you from shooting yourself into the foot with critical
-systems programs such as, e.g., portmap or rpcbind.
-
-- Support for Unicos 8.x (Bruce Kelly). The program now closes the
-syslog client socket before running the real daemon: Cray UNICOS
-refuses to checkpoint processes with open network ports.
-
-- Support for MachTen UNIX (Albert M.C Tam).
-
-- Support for Interactive UNIX R3.2 V4.0 (Bobby D. Wright).
-
-- Support for SCO 3.2v5.0.0 OpenServer 5 (bob@odt.handy.com)
-
-- Support for Unixware 1.x and Unixware 2.x. The old Unixware Makefile
-rule was broken. Sorry about that.
-
-- Some FreeBSD 2.0 libc routines call strtok() and severely mess up the
-allow/deny rule processing. This is very bad. Workaround: call our own
-strtok() clone (#ifdef USE_STRSEP).
-
-- The programs now log a warning when they detect that a non-existent
-banner directory is specified.
-
-- The hosts_access.3 manual page used obsolete names for the RQ_*
-constants.
-
-Changes per release 7.2 (Jan 1995)
-==================================
-
-- Added a note to the README and manpages on using the IDENT service to
-detect sequence number spoofing and other host impersonation attacks.
-
-- Portability: ConvexOS puts RPC version numbers before the daemon path
-name (Jukka Ukkonen).
-
-- Portability: the AIX compiler disliked the strchr() declaration
-in socket.c. I should have removed it when I included <string.h>.
-
-- Backwards compatibility: some people relied on the old leading dot or
-trailing dot magic in daemon process names.
-
-- Backwards compatibility: hostname lookup remains enabled when
--DPARANOID is turned off. In order to disable hostname lookups you
-must turn off -DALWAYS_HOSTNAME.
-
-- Eliminated false complaints from the tcpdmatch/tcpdchk configuration
-checking programs about process names not in inetd.conf or about KNOWN
-username patterns.
-
-Changes per release 7.1 (Jan 1995)
-==================================
-
-- Portability: HP-UX permits you to break inetd.conf entries with
-backslash-newline.
-
-- Portability: EP/IX has no putenv() and some inetd.conf entries are
-spread out over two lines.
-
-- Portability: SCO with NIS support has no *netgrent() routines.
-
-Changes per release 7.0 (Jan 1995)
-==================================
-
-- Added a last-minute workaround for a Solaris 2.4 gethostbyname()
-foulup with multi-homed hosts in DNS through NIS mode.
-
-- Added a last-minute defense against TLI weirdness: address lookups
-apparently succeed but the result netbuf is empty (ticlts transport).
-
-- Dropped several new solutions that were in need of a problem. Beta
-testers may recognize what new features were kicked out during the last
-weeks before release 7.0 came out. Such is life.
-
-- Got rid of out the environment replacement routines, at least for
-most architectures. One should not have to replace working system
-software when all that is needed is a 4.4BSD setenv() emulator.
-
-- By popular request I have added an option to send banner messages to
-clients. There is a Banners.Makefile that gives some aid for sites that
-are going to use this feature. John C. Wingenbach did some pioneering
-work here. I used to think that banners are frivolous. Now that I had
-a personal need for them I know that banners can be useful.
-
-- At last: an extensible functional interface to the pattern matching
-engine. request_init() and request_set() accept a variable-length
-name-value argument list. The result can be passed to hosts_access().
-
-- When PARANOID mode is disabled (compile time), the wrapper does no
-hostname lookup or hostname double checks unless required by %letter
-expansions, or by access control rules that match host names. This is
-useful for sites that don't care about internet hostnames anyway.
-Inspired by the authors of the firewalls and internet security book.
-
-- When PARANOID mode is disabled (compile time), hosts with a name/name
-or name/address conflict can be matched with the PARANOID host wildcard
-pattern, so that you can take some intelligent action instead of just
-dropping clients. Like showing a banner that explains the problem.
-
-- New percent escapes: %A expands to the server address; %H expands to
-the corresponding hostname (or address if no name is available); %n and
-%N expand to the client and server hostname (or "unknown"); %s expands
-to everything we know about the server endpoint (the opposite of the %c
-sequence for client information).
-
-- Symmetry: server and client host information is now treated on equal
-footing, so that we can reuse a lot of code.
-
-- Lazy evaluation of host names, host addresses, usernames, and so on,
-to avoid doing unnecessary work.
-
-- Dropping #ifdefs for some archaic systems made the code simpler.
-
-- Dropping the FAIL pattern made the pattern matcher much simpler. Run
-the "tcpdchk" program to scan your access control files for any uses of
-this obscure language feature.
-
-- Moving host-specific pattern matching from string_match() to the
-host_match() routine made the code more accurate. Run the "tcpdchk"
-program to scan your access control files for any dependencies on
-undocumented or obscure language features that are gone.
-
-- daemon@host patterns trigger on clients that connect to a specific
-internet address. This can be useful for service providers that offer
-multiple ftp or www archives on different internet addresses, all
-belonging to one and the same host (www.foo.com, ftp.bar.com, you get
-the idea). Inspired by a discussion with Rop Gonggrijp, Cor Bosman,
-and Casper Dik, and earlier discussions with Adrian van Bloois.
-
-- The new "tcpdchk" program critcizes all your access control rules and
-inetd.conf entries. Great for spotting obscure bugs in my own hosts.xxx
-files. This program also detects hosts with name/address conflicts and
-with other DNS-related problems. See the "tcpdchk.8" manual page.
-
-- The "tcpdmatch" program replaces the poor old "try" command. The new
-program looks in your inetd.conf file and therefore produces much more
-accurate predictions. In addition, it detects hosts with name/address
-conflicts and with other DNS-related problems. See the "tcpdmatch.8"
-manual page. The inetd.conf lookup was suggested by Everett F Batey.
-
-- In the access control tables, the `=' between option name and value
-is no longer required.
-
-- Added 60-second timeout to the safe_finger command, to cover another
-potential problem. Suggested by Peter Wemm.
-
-- Andrew Maffei provided code that works with WIN-TCP on NCR System V.4
-UNIX. It reportedly works with versions 02.02.01 and 02.03.00. The code
-pops off all streams modules above the device driver, pushes the timod
-module to get at the peer address, and then restores the streams stack
-to the initial state.
-
-Changes per release 6.3 (Mar 1994)
-==================================
-
-- Keepalives option, to get rid of stuck daemons when people turn off
-their PC while still connected. Files: options.c, hosts_options.5.
-
-- Nice option, to calm down network daemons that take away too much CPU
-time. Files: options.c, hosts_options.5.
-
-- Ultrix perversion: the environ global pointer may be null. The
-environment replacement routines now check for this. File: environ.c.
-
-- Fixed a few places that still assumed the socket is on standard
-input. Fixed some error messages that did not provide access control
-file name and line number. File: options.c.
-
-- Just when I was going to release 6.2 I received code for Dynix/PTX.
-That code is specific to PTX 2.x, so I'll keep around my generic
-PTX code just in case. The difference is in the handling of UDP
-services. Files: tli_sequent.[hc].
-
-Changes per release 6.2 (Feb 1994)
-==================================
-
-- Resurrected my year-old code to reduce DNS load by appending a dot to
-the gethostbyname() argument. This feature is still experimental and it
-may go away if it causes more problems than it solves. File: socket.c.
-
-- Auxiliary code for the Pyramid, BSD universe. Karl Vogel figured out
-what was missing: yp_get_default_domain() and vfprintf(). Files:
-workarounds.c, vfprintf.c.
-
-- Improved support for Dynix/PTX. The wrapper should now be able to
-deal with all TLI over IP services. File: ptx.c.
-
-- The try command now uses the hostname that gethostbyaddr() would
-return, instead of the hostname returned by gethostbyname(). This can
-be significant on systems with NIS that have short host names in the
-hosts map. For example, gethostbyname("wzv.win.tue.nl") returns
-"wzv.win.tue.nl"; gethostbyaddr(131.155.210.17) returns "wzv", and
-that is what we should test with. File: try.c.
-
-Changes per release 6.1 (Dec 1993)
-==================================
-
-- Re-implemented all environment access routines. Most systems have
-putenv() but no setenv(), some systems have setenv() but no putenv(),
-and there are even systems that have neither setenv() nor putenv(). The
-benefit of all this is that more systems can now be treated in the same
-way. File: environ.c.
-
-- Workaround for a weird problem with DG/UX when the wrapper is run as
-nobody (i.e. fingerd). For some reason the ioctl(fd, I_FIND, "sockmod")
-call fails even with socket-based applications. The "fix" is to always
-assume sockets when the ioctl(fd, I_FIND, "timod") call fails. File:
-fromhost.c. Thanks to Paul de Vries (vries@dutentb.et.tudelft.nl) for
-helping me to figure out this one.
-
-- Implemented a workaround for Dynix/PTX and other systems with TLI
-that lack some essential support routines. Thanks to Bugs Brouillard
-(brouill@hsuseq.humboldt.edu) for the hospitality to try things out.
-The trick is to temporarily switch to the socket API to identify the
-client, and to switch back to TLI when done. It still does not work
-right for basic network services such as telnet. File: fromhost.c.
-
-- Easy-to-build procedures for SCO UNIX, ConvexOS with UltraNet, EP/IX,
-Dynix 3.2, Dynix/PTX. File: Makefile.
-
-- Variable rfc931 timeout. Files: rfc931.c, options.c, log_tcp.h, try.c.
-
-- Further simplification of the rfc931 code. File: rfc931.c.
-
-- The fromhost() interface stinks: I cannot change that, but at least
-the from_sock() and from_tli() functions now accept a file descriptor
-argument.
-
-- Fixed a buglet: fromhost() would pass a garbage file descriptor to
-the isastream() call.
-
-- On some systems the finger client program lives in /usr/bsd. File:
-safe_finger.c.
-
-Changes per release 6.0 (Sept 1993)
-===================================
-
-- Easy build procedures for common platforms (sun, ultrix, aix, hpux
-and others).
-
-- TLI support, System V.4 style (Solaris, DG/UX).
-
-- Username lookup integrated with the access control language.
-Selective username lookups are now the default (was: no username
-lookups).
-
-- A safer finger command for booby traps. This one solves a host of
-possible problems with automatic reverse fingers. Thanks, Borja Marcos
-(borjam@we.lc.ehu.es) for some inspiring discussions.
-
-- KNOWN pattern that matches hosts whose name and address are known.
-
-- Cleanup of diagnostics. Errors in access-control files are now shown
-with file name and line number.
-
-- With AIX 3.2, hostnames longer than 32 would be truncated. This
-caused hostname verification failures, so that service would be refused
-when paranoid mode was enabled. Found by: Adrian van Bloois
-(A.vanBloois@info.nic.surfnet.nl).
-
-- With some IRIX versions, remote username lookups failed because the
-fgets() library function does not handle partial read()s from sockets.
-Found by: Daniel O'Callaghan (danny@austin.unimelb.edu.au).
-
-- Added a DISCLAIMER document to help you satisfy legal departments.
-
-The extension language module has undergone major revisions and
-extensions. Thanks, John P. Rouillard (rouilj@ra.cs.umb.edu) for
-discussions, experiments, and for being a good guinea pig. The
-extensions are documented in hosts_options.5, and are enabled by
-editing the Makefile STYLE macro definition.
-
-- (Extension language) The ":" separator may now occur within options
-as long as it is protected with a backslash. A warning is issued when
-a rule ends on ":".
-
-- (Extension language) Better verification mode. When the `try' command
-is run, each option function now explains what it would do.
-
-- (Extension language) New "allow" and "deny" keywords so you can now
-have all rules within a single file. See "nroff -man hosts_options.5"
-for examples.
-
-- (Extension language) "linger" keyword to set the socket linger time
-(SO_LINGER). From: Marc Boucher <marc@cam.org>.
-
-- (Extension language) "severity" keyword to turn the logging noise up
-or down. Many sites wanted a means to shut up the program; other sites
-wanted to emphasize specific events. Adapted from code contributed
-by Dave Mitchell <D.Mitchell@dcs.shef.ac.uk>.
-
-Changes per release 5.1 (Mar 1993)
-==================================
-
-- The additional protection against source-routing attacks from hosts
-that pretend to have someone elses network address has become optional
-because it causes kernel panics with SunOS <= 4.1.3.
-
-Changes per release 5.0 (Mar 1993)
-==================================
-
-- Additional protection against source-routing attacks from hosts that
-pretend to have someone elses network address. For example, the address
-of a trusted host within your own network.
-
-- The access control language has been extended with a simple but
-powerful operator that greatly simplifies the design of rule sets (ALL:
-.foo.edu EXCEPT dialup.foo.edu). Blank lines are permitted, and long
-lines can be continued with backslash-newline.
-
-- All configurable stuff, including path names, has been moved into the
-Makefile so that you no longer have to hack source code to just
-configure the programs.
-
-- Ported to Solaris 2. TLI-based applications not yet supported.
-Several workarounds for System V bugs.
-
-- A small loophole in the netgroup lookup code was closed, and the
-remote username lookup code was made more portable.
-
-- Still more documentation. The README file now provides tutorial
-sections with introductions to client, server, inetd and syslogd.
-
-Changes per release 4.3 (Aug 1992)
-==================================
-
-- Some sites reported that connections would be rejected because
-localhost != localhost.domain. The host name checking code now
-special-cases localhost (problem reported by several sites).
-
-- The programs now report an error if an existing access control file
-cannot be opened (e.g. due to lack of privileges). Until now, the
-programs would just pretend that the access control file does not exist
-(reported by Darren Reed, avalon@coombs.anu.edu.au).
-
-- The timeout period for remote userid lookups was upped to 30 seconds,
-in order to cope with slow hosts or networks. If this is too long for
-you, adjust the TIMEOUT definition in file rfc931.c (problem reported
-by several sites).
-
-- On hosts with more than one IP network interface, remote userid
-lookups could use the IP address of the "wrong" local interface. The
-problem and its solution were discussed on the rfc931-users mailing
-list. Scott Schwartz (schwartz@cs.psu.edu) folded the fix into the
-rfc931.c module.
-
-- The result of % expansion (in shell commands) is now checked for
-stuff that may confuse the shell; it is replaced by underscores
-(problem reported by Icarus Sparry, I.Sparry@gdr.bath.ac.uk).
-
-- A portability problem was fixed that caused compile-time problems
-on a CRAY (problem reported by Michael Barnett, mikeb@rmit.edu.au).
-
-Changes per release 4.0 (Jun 1992)
-==================================
-
-1 - network daemons no longer have to live within a common directory
-2 - the access control code now uses both the host address and name
-3 - an access control pattern that supports netmasks
-4 - additional protection against forged host names
-5 - a pattern that matches hosts whose name or address lookup fails
-6 - an operator that prevents hosts or services from being matched
-7 - optional remote username lookup with the RFC 931 protocol
-8 - an optional umask to prevent the creation of world-writable files
-9 - hooks for access control language extensions
-10 - last but not least, thoroughly revised documentation.
-
-Changes per release 3.0 (Oct 1991)
-==================================
-
-Enhancements over the previous release are: support for datagram (UDP
-and RPC) services, and execution of shell commands when a (remote host,
-requested service) pair matches a pattern in the access control tables.
-
-Changes per release 2.0 (May 1991)
-==================================
-
-Enhancements over the previous release are: protection against rlogin
-and rsh attacks through compromised domain name servers, optional
-netgroup support for systems with NIS (formerly YP), and an extension
-of the wild card patterns supported by the access control files.
-
-Release 1.0 (Jan 1991)