diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'europe')
| -rw-r--r-- | europe | 702 |
1 files changed, 374 insertions, 328 deletions
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. -# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to -# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is @@ -38,6 +39,16 @@ # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. # +# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. +# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see +# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html +# The full Russian citation is: +# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток +# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го +# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: +# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. +# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf +# # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), # History of Summer Time # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> @@ -57,10 +68,11 @@ # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* +# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe -# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe* +# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)* # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), @@ -174,8 +186,9 @@ # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the # foundations of civilization throughout the world. -# <http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf> -# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly +# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; +# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 +# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" @@ -210,8 +223,8 @@ # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. -# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png -# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png +# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png +# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time @@ -228,15 +241,13 @@ # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating # and extending this list, which can be found in -# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ -# History of legal time in Britain # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): # # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; # see Lord Tanlaw's speech -# <http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0> +# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): @@ -440,25 +451,27 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s +Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 - 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 - -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence - 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 - 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 - 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 - 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 - 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 + 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 + 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 + 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 + 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 - 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 0:00 EU GMT/IST @@ -479,7 +492,7 @@ Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. -# <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT> +# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S @@ -513,7 +526,7 @@ Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 # # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 -# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 +# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 # # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s @@ -557,15 +570,15 @@ Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time -Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time -Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time +Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time +Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time +Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD -Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer +Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): @@ -669,7 +682,7 @@ Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 - 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 1:00 EU CE%sT # Austria @@ -695,9 +708,9 @@ Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 - 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s + 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 1:00 - CET 1946 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -711,19 +724,27 @@ Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html +# +# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): +# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... +# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08): +# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again. +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 - 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time + 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 - 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 3:00 - FET + 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s + 3:00 - MSK # Belgium # @@ -780,7 +801,7 @@ Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 - 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT + 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u @@ -810,7 +831,7 @@ Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 - 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 + 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 @@ -834,8 +855,8 @@ Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 - 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s + 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. @@ -891,11 +912,11 @@ Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT -Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn +Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT # @@ -980,15 +1001,15 @@ Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 - -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 0:00 - GMT Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit - -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 -1:00 EU EG%sT Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk - -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -3:00 EU WG%sT Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base -4:00 Thule A%sT @@ -1011,7 +1032,7 @@ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law -# <http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390> +# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). # @@ -1042,14 +1063,14 @@ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 - 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time + 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 @@ -1195,7 +1216,7 @@ Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; @@ -1214,7 +1235,7 @@ Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by -# <http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/> +# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): @@ -1243,7 +1264,7 @@ Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1259,7 +1280,7 @@ Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): -# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. +# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen @@ -1270,8 +1291,8 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen # Gibraltar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 +Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1:00 - CET 1982 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1302,7 +1323,7 @@ Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 - 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT + 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 @@ -1403,7 +1424,7 @@ Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? - -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s + -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 0:00 - GMT # Italy @@ -1419,7 +1440,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and # F. Pollastri # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) -# <http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html> +# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: # @@ -1479,8 +1500,8 @@ Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 - 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1532,13 +1553,13 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # in Latvian for subscribers only). # From RFE/RL Newsline -# <http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html> +# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their # clocks one hour in the spring.... -# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few +# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government @@ -1549,20 +1570,22 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -# Milne says Riga time was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). +# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). +# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. +# Go with Byalokoz. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:28 - LMT 1880 - 1:36:28 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time - 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer - 1:36:28 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 - 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 - 1:36:28 - RMT 1926 May 11 +Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 + 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT + 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST + 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 + 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 @@ -1620,18 +1643,18 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 - 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 - 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u - 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u + 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 2:00 EU EE%sT @@ -1665,9 +1688,9 @@ Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 - 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s - 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 - 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 + 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 + 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1684,9 +1707,9 @@ Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s +Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1752,8 +1775,8 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 # more precise 0:09:21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1797,8 +1820,8 @@ Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe # Amsterdam mean time. -# The data before 1945 are taken from -# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. +# The data entries before 1945 are taken from +# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time @@ -1829,8 +1852,8 @@ Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 - 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1893,7 +1916,7 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) -# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> +# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. # @@ -1917,7 +1940,7 @@ Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., -# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> +# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. # He also gives these further references: # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> @@ -1938,10 +1961,10 @@ Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 - 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun - 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 + 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 @@ -1949,6 +1972,14 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 # Portugal # +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: +# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) +# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf +# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. +# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees +# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for +# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. +# # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. @@ -2028,28 +2059,27 @@ Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; -# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. -Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 - -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 - 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s - 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u +Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 + -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s + 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT -Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada - -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time - -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time - -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s - 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u +Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada + -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time + -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time + -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s + 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u -1:00 EU AZO%sT -Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal - -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time - -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s +Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal + -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time + -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT # Romania @@ -2073,8 +2103,8 @@ Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct - 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT - 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 @@ -2210,73 +2240,73 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Europe/Kaliningrad covers... -# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast +# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2:00 - EET # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Europe/Moscow covers... -# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of -# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of -# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of -# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic -# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of -# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic -# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of -# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic -# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic -# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of -# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of -# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of -# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic -# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic -# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai -# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai -# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast -# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast -# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast -# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast -# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast -# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast -# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast -# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast -# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast -# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast -# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast -# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast -# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast -# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast -# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast -# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast -# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast -# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast -# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast -# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast -# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast -# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast -# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast -# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast -# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast -# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast -# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast -# 77 RU-MOW Moscow -# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg -# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug +# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of +# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of +# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of +# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic +# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of +# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic +# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of +# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic +# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic +# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of +# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of +# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of +# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic +# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic +# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai +# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai +# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast +# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast +# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast +# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast +# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast +# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast +# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast +# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast +# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast +# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast +# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast +# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast +# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast +# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast +# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast +# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast +# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast +# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast +# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast +# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast +# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast +# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast +# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast +# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast +# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast +# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast +# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast +# 77 RU-MOW Moscow +# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg +# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. -# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz E.L. New Counting of Time in Russia -# since July 1, 1919, p. 18.) The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia -# was defined by Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow +# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) +# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by +# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = @@ -2290,14 +2320,14 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time - 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - MSK @@ -2312,7 +2342,7 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 - 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2:00 - EET 1992 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. # @@ -2325,12 +2355,12 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 # changed in May. 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. - 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s - 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s + 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s + 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 - 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u + 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html @@ -2338,17 +2368,17 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. - 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 - 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - MSK # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Europe/Volgograd covers... -# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast -# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast -# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast -# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast +# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast +# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast +# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast +# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09): # Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300. @@ -2358,93 +2388,101 @@ Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 - 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T - 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T + 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - MSK # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Europe/Samara covers... -# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic -# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast +# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic +# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast + +# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. -Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 +Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 - 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 - 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time - 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 + 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time + 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - SAMT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... -# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of -# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai -# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast -# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast -# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast -# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast -# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast -# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra -# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug +# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of +# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai +# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast +# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast +# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast +# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast +# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast +# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra +# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug # # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. -# Milne says Yekaterinburg time was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. +# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. +# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. +# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. +# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. -Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 +Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 + 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time - 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 5:00 - YEKT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Omsk covers... -# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic -# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai -# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast +# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic +# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai +# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast -Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 +# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. + +Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time - 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 6:00 - OMST # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Novosibirsk covers... -# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast -# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast +# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast +# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. -Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 +Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time - 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 6:00 - NOVT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... -# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast +# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on @@ -2472,73 +2510,77 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus # realigning itself with KRAT. -Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 +Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk T - 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk + 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... -# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic -# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of -# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai +# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic +# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of +# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai # # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. -Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 +# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. + +Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 7:00 - KRAT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Irkutsk covers... -# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of -# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast +# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of +# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast # # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. -# Milne says Irkutsk time was 6:57:15. +# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. +# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. +# Go with Byalokoz. -Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:15 - LMT 1880 - 6:57:15 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time +Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 + 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time - 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 8:00 - IRKT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # Asia/Chita covers... -# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai +# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai # # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 8:00 - IRKT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Yakutsk covers... -# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast +# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast # # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-02 **** Aldansky District @@ -2570,33 +2612,37 @@ Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. -Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 +# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. + +Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 9:00 - YAKT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Vladivostok covers... -# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai -# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai -# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast +# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai +# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai +# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast # # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District -# Milne says Vladivostok time was 8:47:33.5; round to nearest. +# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. +# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. +# Go with Byalokoz. -Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:34 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 +Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 10:00 - VLAT @@ -2616,18 +2662,18 @@ Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:34 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? - 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? + 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 9:00 - YAKT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Sakhalin covers... -# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast +# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast # ...with the exception of: # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) @@ -2635,17 +2681,17 @@ Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 - 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. - 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s - 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T + 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 10:00 - SAKT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Magadan covers... -# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast +# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, @@ -2656,10 +2702,10 @@ Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 10:00 - MAGT @@ -2709,11 +2755,11 @@ Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): @@ -2733,17 +2779,17 @@ Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? - 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? + 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 10:00 - VLAT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Kamchatka covers... -# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai +# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai # # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. @@ -2752,24 +2798,24 @@ Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time - 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - PETT # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Anadyr covers... -# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug +# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time - 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s - 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s + 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - ANAT @@ -2781,7 +2827,7 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 - 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. @@ -2861,13 +2907,13 @@ Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 0:00 - WET 1924 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 - 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 + 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1:00 - CET 1986 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. - -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time - 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s - 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s + -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T + 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s + 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. @@ -2920,9 +2966,9 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 - 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time + 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 1:00 - CET 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -2991,7 +3037,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) -# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ... +# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one # hour before the beginning of service. @@ -3023,7 +3069,7 @@ Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. - 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time + 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -3145,10 +3191,10 @@ Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 - 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u - 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u - 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u - 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. @@ -3230,8 +3276,8 @@ Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. @@ -3243,8 +3289,8 @@ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 - 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 - 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2:00 - EET 1992 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT @@ -3258,7 +3304,7 @@ Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT @@ -3284,7 +3330,7 @@ Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 # ... # # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when -# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only +# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following |