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+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "SSL_READ 3"
+.TH SSL_READ 3 "2018-09-11" "1.1.1" "OpenSSL"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+SSL_read_ex, SSL_read, SSL_peek_ex, SSL_peek \&\- read bytes from a TLS/SSL connection
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 1
+\& #include <openssl/ssl.h>
+\&
+\& int SSL_read_ex(SSL *ssl, void *buf, size_t num, size_t *readbytes);
+\& int SSL_read(SSL *ssl, void *buf, int num);
+\&
+\& int SSL_peek_ex(SSL *ssl, void *buf, size_t num, size_t *readbytes);
+\& int SSL_peek(SSL *ssl, void *buf, int num);
+.Ve
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fISSL_read_ex()\fR and \fISSL_read()\fR try to read \fBnum\fR bytes from the specified \fBssl\fR
+into the buffer \fBbuf\fR. On success \fISSL_read_ex()\fR will store the number of bytes
+actually read in \fB*readbytes\fR.
+.PP
+\&\fISSL_peek_ex()\fR and \fISSL_peek()\fR are identical to \fISSL_read_ex()\fR and \fISSL_read()\fR
+respectively except no bytes are actually removed from the underlying \s-1BIO\s0 during
+the read, so that a subsequent call to \fISSL_read_ex()\fR or \fISSL_read()\fR will yield
+at least the same bytes.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+In the paragraphs below a \*(L"read function\*(R" is defined as one of \fISSL_read_ex()\fR,
+\&\fISSL_read()\fR, \fISSL_peek_ex()\fR or \fISSL_peek()\fR.
+.PP
+If necessary, a read function will negotiate a \s-1TLS/SSL\s0 session, if not already
+explicitly performed by \fISSL_connect\fR\|(3) or \fISSL_accept\fR\|(3). If the
+peer requests a re-negotiation, it will be performed transparently during
+the read function operation. The behaviour of the read functions depends on the
+underlying \s-1BIO.\s0
+.PP
+For the transparent negotiation to succeed, the \fBssl\fR must have been
+initialized to client or server mode. This is being done by calling
+\&\fISSL_set_connect_state\fR\|(3) or \fISSL_set_accept_state()\fR before the first
+invocation of a read function.
+.PP
+The read functions work based on the \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 records. The data are received in
+records (with a maximum record size of 16kB). Only when a record has been
+completely received, can it be processed (decryption and check of integrity).
+Therefore data that was not retrieved at the last read call can still be
+buffered inside the \s-1SSL\s0 layer and will be retrieved on the next read
+call. If \fBnum\fR is higher than the number of bytes buffered then the read
+functions will return with the bytes buffered. If no more bytes are in the
+buffer, the read functions will trigger the processing of the next record.
+Only when the record has been received and processed completely will the read
+functions return reporting success. At most the contents of one record will
+be returned. As the size of an \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 record may exceed the maximum packet size
+of the underlying transport (e.g. \s-1TCP\s0), it may be necessary to read several
+packets from the transport layer before the record is complete and the read call
+can succeed.
+.PP
+If \fB\s-1SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY\s0\fR has been switched off and a non-application data
+record has been processed, the read function can return and set the error to
+\&\fB\s-1SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ\s0\fR.
+In this case there might still be unprocessed data available in the \fB\s-1BIO\s0\fR.
+If read ahead was set using \fISSL_CTX_set_read_ahead\fR\|(3), there might also still
+be unprocessed data available in the \fB\s-1SSL\s0\fR.
+This behaviour can be controlled using the \fISSL_CTX_set_mode\fR\|(3) call.
+.PP
+If the underlying \s-1BIO\s0 is \fBblocking\fR, a read function will only return once the
+read operation has been finished or an error occurred, except when a
+non-application data record has been processed and \fB\s-1SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY\s0\fR is
+not set.
+Note that if \fB\s-1SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY\s0\fR is set and only non-application data is
+available the call will hang.
+.PP
+If the underlying \s-1BIO\s0 is \fBnon-blocking\fR, a read function will also return when
+the underlying \s-1BIO\s0 could not satisfy the needs of the function to continue the
+operation.
+In this case a call to \fISSL_get_error\fR\|(3) with the
+return value of the read function will yield \fB\s-1SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ\s0\fR or
+\&\fB\s-1SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE\s0\fR.
+As at any time it's possible that non-application data needs to be sent,
+a read function can also cause write operations.
+The calling process then must repeat the call after taking appropriate action
+to satisfy the needs of the read function.
+The action depends on the underlying \s-1BIO.\s0
+When using a non-blocking socket, nothing is to be done, but \fIselect()\fR can be
+used to check for the required condition.
+When using a buffering \s-1BIO,\s0 like a \s-1BIO\s0 pair, data must be written into or
+retrieved out of the \s-1BIO\s0 before being able to continue.
+.PP
+\&\fISSL_pending\fR\|(3) can be used to find out whether there
+are buffered bytes available for immediate retrieval.
+In this case the read function can be called without blocking or actually
+receiving new data from the underlying socket.
+.SH "RETURN VALUES"
+.IX Header "RETURN VALUES"
+\&\fISSL_read_ex()\fR and \fISSL_peek_ex()\fR will return 1 for success or 0 for failure.
+Success means that 1 or more application data bytes have been read from the \s-1SSL\s0
+connection.
+Failure means that no bytes could be read from the \s-1SSL\s0 connection.
+Failures can be retryable (e.g. we are waiting for more bytes to
+be delivered by the network) or non-retryable (e.g. a fatal network error).
+In the event of a failure call \fISSL_get_error\fR\|(3) to find out the reason which
+indicates whether the call is retryable or not.
+.PP
+For \fISSL_read()\fR and \fISSL_peek()\fR the following return values can occur:
+.IP "> 0" 4
+.IX Item "> 0"
+The read operation was successful.
+The return value is the number of bytes actually read from the \s-1TLS/SSL\s0
+connection.
+.IP "<= 0" 4
+.IX Item "<= 0"
+The read operation was not successful, because either the connection was closed,
+an error occurred or action must be taken by the calling process.
+Call \fISSL_get_error\fR\|(3) with the return value \fBret\fR to find out the reason.
+.Sp
+Old documentation indicated a difference between 0 and \-1, and that \-1 was
+retryable.
+You should instead call \fISSL_get_error()\fR to find out if it's retryable.
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+\&\fISSL_read_ex()\fR and \fISSL_peek_ex()\fR were added in OpenSSL 1.1.1.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fISSL_get_error\fR\|(3), \fISSL_write_ex\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_CTX_set_mode\fR\|(3), \fISSL_CTX_new\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_connect\fR\|(3), \fISSL_accept\fR\|(3)
+\&\fISSL_set_connect_state\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_pending\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_shutdown\fR\|(3), \fISSL_set_shutdown\fR\|(3),
+\&\fIssl\fR\|(7), \fIbio\fR\|(7)
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright 2000\-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+.PP
+Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
+this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
+in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
+<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.