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Diffstat (limited to 'src/sendmail.0')
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diff --git a/src/sendmail.0 b/src/sendmail.0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..060ed242f6169 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/sendmail.0 @@ -0,0 +1,465 @@ +SENDMAIL(8) SENDMAIL(8) + + + +NNAAMMEE + sendmail - an electronic mail transport agent + +SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + sseennddmmaaiill [_f_l_a_g_s] [_a_d_d_r_e_s_s _._._.] + nneewwaalliiaasseess + mmaaiillqq [--vv] + hhoossttssttaatt + ppuurrggeessttaatt + ssmmttppdd + +DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN + SSeennddmmaaiill sends a message to one or more _r_e_c_i_p_i_e_n_t_s_, routing the message + over whatever networks are necessary. SSeennddmmaaiill does internetwork for- + warding as necessary to deliver the message to the correct place. + + SSeennddmmaaiill is not intended as a user interface routine; other programs + provide user-friendly front ends; sseennddmmaaiill is used only to deliver pre- + formatted messages. + + With no flags, sseennddmmaaiill reads its standard input up to an end-of-file + or a line consisting only of a single dot and sends a copy of the mes- + sage found there to all of the addresses listed. It determines the + network(s) to use based on the syntax and contents of the addresses. + + Local addresses are looked up in a file and aliased appropriately. + Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address with a backslash. + Beginning with 8.10, the sender is included in any alias expansions, + e.g., if `john' sends to `group', and `group' includes `john' in the + expansion, then the letter will also be delivered to `john'. + + PPaarraammeetteerrss + --AAcc Use submit.cf even if the operation mode does not indicate an + initial mail submission. + + --AAmm Use sendmail.cf even if the operation mode indicates an initial + mail submission. + + --BB_t_y_p_e Set the body type to _t_y_p_e. Current legal values are 7BIT or + 8BITMIME. + + --bbaa Go into ARPANET mode. All input lines must end with a CR-LF, + and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end. + Also, the ``From:'' and ``Sender:'' fields are examined for the + name of the sender. + + --bbdd Run as a daemon. SSeennddmmaaiill will fork and run in background lis- + tening on socket 25 for incoming SMTP connections. This is nor- + mally run from /etc/rc. + + --bbDD Same as --bbdd except runs in foreground. + + --bbhh Print the persistent host status database. + + --bbHH Purge expired entries from the persistent host status database. + + --bbii Initialize the alias database. + + --bbmm Deliver mail in the usual way (default). + + --bbpp Print a listing of the queue(s). + + --bbPP Print number of entries in the queue(s); only available with + shared memory support. + + --bbss Use the SMTP protocol as described in RFC821 on standard input + and output. This flag implies all the operations of the --bbaa + flag that are compatible with SMTP. + + --bbtt Run in address test mode. This mode reads addresses and shows + the steps in parsing; it is used for debugging configuration + tables. + + --bbvv Verify names only - do not try to collect or deliver a message. + Verify mode is normally used for validating users or mailing + lists. + + --CC_f_i_l_e Use alternate configuration file. SSeennddmmaaiill gives up any + enhanced (set-user-ID or set-group-ID) privileges if an alter- + nate configuration file is specified. + + --DD _l_o_g_f_i_l_e + Send debugging output to the indicated log file instead of std- + out. + + --dd_c_a_t_e_g_o_r_y.._l_e_v_e_l_._._. + Set the debugging flag for _c_a_t_e_g_o_r_y to _l_e_v_e_l. _C_a_t_e_g_o_r_y is + either an integer or a name specifying the topic, and _l_e_v_e_l an + integer specifying the level of debugging output desired. + Higher levels generally mean more output. More than one flag + can be specified by separating them with commas. A list of + numeric debugging categories can be found in the TRACEFLAGS file + in the sendmail source distribution. + The option --dd00..11 prints the version of sseennddmmaaiill and the options + it was compiled with. + Most other categories are only useful with, and documented in, + sseennddmmaaiill's source code. + + --FF_f_u_l_l_n_a_m_e + Set the full name of the sender. + + --ff_n_a_m_e Sets the name of the ``from'' person (i.e., the envelope sender + of the mail). This address may also be used in the From: header + if that header is missing during initial submission. The enve- + lope sender address is used as the recipient for delivery status + notifications and may also appear in a Return-Path: header. --ff + should only be used by ``trusted'' users (normally _r_o_o_t, _d_a_e_m_o_n, + and _n_e_t_w_o_r_k) or if the person you are trying to become is the + same as the person you are. Otherwise, an X-Authentication- + Warning header will be added to the message. + + --GG Relay (gateway) submission of a message, e.g., when rrmmaaiill calls + sseennddmmaaiill .. + + --hh_N Set the hop count to _N. The hop count is incremented every time + the mail is processed. When it reaches a limit, the mail is + returned with an error message, the victim of an aliasing loop. + If not specified, ``Received:'' lines in the message are + counted. + + --ii Ignore dots alone on lines by themselves in incoming messages. + This should be set if you are reading data from a file. + + --LL _t_a_g Set the identifier used in syslog messages to the supplied _t_a_g. + + --NN _d_s_n Set delivery status notification conditions to _d_s_n, which can be + `never' for no notifications or a comma separated list of the + values `failure' to be notified if delivery failed, `delay' to + be notified if delivery is delayed, and `success' to be notified + when the message is successfully delivered. + + --nn Don't do aliasing. + + --OO _o_p_t_i_o_n=_v_a_l_u_e + Set option _o_p_t_i_o_n to the specified _v_a_l_u_e. This form uses long + names. See below for more details. + + --oo_x _v_a_l_u_e + Set option _x to the specified _v_a_l_u_e. This form uses single + character names only. The short names are not described in this + manual page; see the _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e + for details. + + --pp_p_r_o_t_o_c_o_l + Set the name of the protocol used to receive the message. This + can be a simple protocol name such as ``UUCP'' or a protocol and + hostname, such as ``UUCP:ucbvax''. + + --qq[_t_i_m_e] + Process saved messages in the queue at given intervals. If _t_i_m_e + is omitted, process the queue once. _T_i_m_e is given as a tagged + number, with `s' being seconds, `m' being minutes (default), `h' + being hours, `d' being days, and `w' being weeks. For example, + `-q1h30m' or `-q90m' would both set the timeout to one hour + thirty minutes. By default, sseennddmmaaiill will run in the back- + ground. This option can be used safely with --bbdd. + + --qqpp[_t_i_m_e] + Similar to --qq_t_i_m_e, except that instead of periodically forking a + child to process the queue, sendmail forks a single persistent + child for each queue that alternates between processing the + queue and sleeping. The sleep time is given as the argument; it + defaults to 1 second. The process will always sleep at least 5 + seconds if the queue was empty in the previous queue run. + + --qqf Process saved messages in the queue once and do not fork(), but + run in the foreground. + + --qqG_n_a_m_e + Process jobs in queue group called _n_a_m_e only. + + --qq[_!]I_s_u_b_s_t_r + Limit processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as a substring + of the queue id or not when _! is specified. + + --qq[_!]Q_s_u_b_s_t_r + Limit processed jobs to quarantined jobs containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as a + substring of the quarantine reason or not when _! is specified. + + --qq[_!]R_s_u_b_s_t_r + Limit processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as a substring + of one of the recipients or not when _! is specified. + + --qq[_!]S_s_u_b_s_t_r + Limit processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as a substring + of the sender or not when _! is specified. + + --QQ[reason] + Quarantine a normal queue items with the given reason or unquar- + antine quarantined queue items if no reason is given. This + should only be used with some sort of item matching using as + described above. + + --RR _r_e_t_u_r_n + Set the amount of the message to be returned if the message + bounces. The _r_e_t_u_r_n parameter can be `full' to return the + entire message or `hdrs' to return only the headers. In the + latter case also local bounces return only the headers. + + --rr_n_a_m_e An alternate and obsolete form of the --ff flag. + + --tt Read message for recipients. To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be + scanned for recipient addresses. The Bcc: line will be deleted + before transmission. + + --VV _e_n_v_i_d + Set the original envelope id. This is propagated across SMTP to + servers that support DSNs and is returned in DSN-compliant error + messages. + + --vv Go into verbose mode. Alias expansions will be announced, etc. + + --XX _l_o_g_f_i_l_e + Log all traffic in and out of mailers in the indicated log file. + This should only be used as a last resort for debugging mailer + bugs. It will log a lot of data very quickly. + + ---- Stop processing command flags and use the rest of the arguments + as addresses. + + OOppttiioonnss + There are also a number of processing options that may be set. Nor- + mally these will only be used by a system administrator. Options may + be set either on the command line using the --oo flag (for short names), + the --OO flag (for long names), or in the configuration file. This is a + partial list limited to those options that are likely to be useful on + the command line and only shows the long names; for a complete list + (and details), consult the _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e. + The options are: + + AliasFile=_f_i_l_e + Use alternate alias file. + + HoldExpensive + On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to, + don't initiate immediate connection. This requires queueing. + + CheckpointInterval=_N + Checkpoint the queue file after every _N successful deliveries + (default 10). This avoids excessive duplicate deliveries when + sending to long mailing lists interrupted by system crashes. + + DeliveryMode=_x + Set the delivery mode to _x. Delivery modes are `i' for interac- + tive (synchronous) delivery, `b' for background (asynchronous) + delivery, `q' for queue only - i.e., actual delivery is done the + next time the queue is run, and `d' for deferred - the same as + `q' except that database lookups for maps which have set the -D + option (default for the host map) are avoided. + + ErrorMode=_x + Set error processing to mode _x. Valid modes are `m' to mail + back the error message, `w' to ``write'' back the error message + (or mail it back if the sender is not logged in), `p' to print + the errors on the terminal (default), `q' to throw away error + messages (only exit status is returned), and `e' to do special + processing for the BerkNet. If the text of the message is not + mailed back by modes `m' or `w' and if the sender is local to + this machine, a copy of the message is appended to the file + _d_e_a_d_._l_e_t_t_e_r in the sender's home directory. + + SaveFromLine + Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages. + + MaxHopCount=_N + The maximum number of times a message is allowed to ``hop'' + before we decide it is in a loop. + + IgnoreDots + Do not take dots on a line by themselves as a message termina- + tor. + + SendMimeErrors + Send error messages in MIME format. If not set, the DSN (Deliv- + ery Status Notification) SMTP extension is disabled. + + ConnectionCacheTimeout=_t_i_m_e_o_u_t + Set connection cache timeout. + + ConnectionCacheSize=_N + Set connection cache size. + + LogLevel=_n + The log level. + + MeToo=_F_a_l_s_e + Don't send to ``me'' (the sender) if I am in an alias expansion. + + CheckAliases + Validate the right hand side of aliases during a newaliases(1) + command. + + OldStyleHeaders + If set, this message may have old style headers. If not set, + this message is guaranteed to have new style headers (i.e., com- + mas instead of spaces between addresses). If set, an adaptive + algorithm is used that will correctly determine the header for- + mat in most cases. + + QueueDirectory=_q_u_e_u_e_d_i_r + Select the directory in which to queue messages. + + StatusFile=_f_i_l_e + Save statistics in the named file. + + Timeout.queuereturn=_t_i_m_e + Set the timeout on undelivered messages in the queue to the + specified time. After delivery has failed (e.g., because of a + host being down) for this amount of time, failed messages will + be returned to the sender. The default is five days. + + UserDatabaseSpec=_u_s_e_r_d_a_t_a_b_a_s_e + If set, a user database is consulted to get forwarding informa- + tion. You can consider this an adjunct to the aliasing mecha- + nism, except that the database is intended to be distributed; + aliases are local to a particular host. This may not be avail- + able if your sendmail does not have the USERDB option compiled + in. + + ForkEachJob + Fork each job during queue runs. May be convenient on memory- + poor machines. + + SevenBitInput + Strip incoming messages to seven bits. + + EightBitMode=_m_o_d_e + Set the handling of eight bit input to seven bit destinations to + _m_o_d_e: m (mimefy) will convert to seven-bit MIME format, p (pass) + will pass it as eight bits (but violates protocols), and s + (strict) will bounce the message. + + MinQueueAge=_t_i_m_e_o_u_t + Sets how long a job must ferment in the queue between attempts + to send it. + + DefaultCharSet=_c_h_a_r_s_e_t + Sets the default character set used to label 8-bit data that is + not otherwise labelled. + + DialDelay=_s_l_e_e_p_t_i_m_e + If opening a connection fails, sleep for _s_l_e_e_p_t_i_m_e seconds and + try again. Useful on dial-on-demand sites. + + NoRecipientAction=_a_c_t_i_o_n + Set the behaviour when there are no recipient headers (To:, Cc: + or Bcc:) in the message to _a_c_t_i_o_n: none leaves the message + unchanged, add-to adds a To: header with the envelope recipi- + ents, add-apparently-to adds an Apparently-To: header with the + envelope recipients, add-bcc adds an empty Bcc: header, and add- + to-undisclosed adds a header reading `To: undisclosed-recipi- + ents:;'. + + MaxDaemonChildren=_N + Sets the maximum number of children that an incoming SMTP daemon + will allow to spawn at any time to _N. + + ConnectionRateThrottle=_N + Sets the maximum number of connections per second to the SMTP + port to _N. + + In aliases, the first character of a name may be a vertical bar to + cause interpretation of the rest of the name as a command to pipe the + mail to. It may be necessary to quote the name to keep sseennddmmaaiill from + suppressing the blanks from between arguments. For example, a common + alias is: + + msgs: "|/usr/bin/msgs -s" + + Aliases may also have the syntax ``:include:_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e'' to ask sseennddmmaaiill + to read the named file for a list of recipients. For example, an alias + such as: + + poets: ":include:/usr/local/lib/poets.list" + + would read _/_u_s_r_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_l_i_b_/_p_o_e_t_s_._l_i_s_t for the list of addresses making + up the group. + + SSeennddmmaaiill returns an exit status describing what it did. The codes are + defined in <_s_y_s_e_x_i_t_s_._h>: + + EX_OK Successful completion on all addresses. + + EX_NOUSER + User name not recognized. + + EX_UNAVAILABLE + Catchall meaning necessary resources were not available. + + EX_SYNTAX + Syntax error in address. + + EX_SOFTWARE + Internal software error, including bad arguments. + + EX_OSERR + Temporary operating system error, such as ``cannot fork''. + + EX_NOHOST + Host name not recognized. + + EX_TEMPFAIL + Message could not be sent immediately, but was queued. + + If invoked as nneewwaalliiaasseess, sseennddmmaaiill will rebuild the alias database. If + invoked as mmaaiillqq, sseennddmmaaiill will print the contents of the mail queue. + If invoked as hhoossttssttaatt, sseennddmmaaiill will print the persistent host status + database. If invoked as ppuurrggeessttaatt, sseennddmmaaiill will purge expired entries + from the persistent host status database. If invoked as ssmmttppdd, sseenndd-- + mmaaiill will act as a daemon, as if the --bbdd option were specified. + +NNOOTTEESS + sseennddmmaaiill often gets blamed for many problems that are actually the + result of other problems, such as overly permissive modes on directo- + ries. For this reason, sseennddmmaaiill checks the modes on system directories + and files to determine if they can be trusted. Although these checks + can be turned off and your system security reduced by setting the DDoonntt-- + BBllaammeeSSeennddmmaaiill option, the permission problems should be fixed. For + more information, see: + + _h_t_t_p_:_/_/_w_w_w_._s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._o_r_g_/_t_i_p_s_/_D_o_n_t_B_l_a_m_e_S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._h_t_m_l + +FFIILLEESS + Except for the file _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_f itself the following path- + names are all specified in _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_f. Thus, these values + are only approximations. + + + /etc/mail/aliases + raw data for alias names + + /etc/mail/aliases.db + data base of alias names + + /etc/mail/sendmail.cf + configuration file + + /etc/mail/helpfile + help file + + /etc/mail/statistics + collected statistics + + /var/spool/mqueue/* + temp files + +SSEEEE AALLSSOO + binmail(1), mail(1), rmail(1), syslog(3), aliases(5), mailaddr(7), + rc(8) + + DARPA Internet Request For Comments _R_F_C_8_1_9, _R_F_C_8_2_1, _R_F_C_8_2_2. _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l + _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e, No. 8, SMM. + + http://www.sendmail.org/ + +HHIISSTTOORRYY + The sseennddmmaaiill command appeared in 4.2BSD. + + + + $Date: 2007/08/02 05:42:33 $ SENDMAIL(8) |