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+// Copyright 2010 The Kyua Authors.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+//   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+//   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+//   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors
+//   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+//   without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/// \file utils/format/formatter.hpp
+/// Provides the definition of the utils::format::formatter class.
+///
+/// The utils::format::formatter class is a poor man's replacement for the
+/// Boost.Format library, as it is much simpler and has less dependencies.
+///
+/// Be aware that the formatting supported by this module is NOT compatible
+/// with printf(3) nor with Boost.Format.  The general syntax for a
+/// placeholder in a formatting string is:
+///
+///     %[0][width][.precision]s
+///
+/// In particular, note that the only valid formatting specifier is %s: the
+/// library deduces what to print based on the type of the variable passed
+/// in, not based on what the format string says.  Also, note that the only
+/// valid padding character is 0.
+
+#if !defined(UTILS_FORMAT_FORMATTER_HPP)
+#define UTILS_FORMAT_FORMATTER_HPP
+
+#include "utils/format/formatter_fwd.hpp"
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace utils {
+namespace format {
+
+
+/// Mechanism to format strings similar to printf.
+///
+/// A formatter always maintains the original format string but also holds a
+/// partial expansion.  The partial expansion is immutable in the context of a
+/// formatter instance, but calls to operator% return new formatter objects with
+/// one less formatting placeholder.
+///
+/// In general, one can format a string in the following manner:
+///
+/// \code
+/// const std::string s = (formatter("%s %s") % "foo" % 5).str();
+/// \endcode
+///
+/// which, following the explanation above, would correspond to:
+///
+/// \code
+/// const formatter f1("%s %s");
+/// const formatter f2 = f1 % "foo";
+/// const formatter f3 = f2 % 5;
+/// const std::string s = f3.str();
+/// \endcode
+class formatter {
+    /// The original format string provided by the user.
+    std::string _format;
+
+    /// The current "expansion" of the format string.
+    ///
+    /// This field gets updated on every call to operator%() to have one less
+    /// formatting placeholder.
+    std::string _expansion;
+
+    /// The position of _expansion from which to scan for placeholders.
+    std::string::size_type _last_pos;
+
+    /// The position of the first placeholder in the current expansion.
+    std::string::size_type _placeholder_pos;
+
+    /// The first placeholder in the current expansion.
+    std::string _placeholder;
+
+    /// Stream used to format any possible argument supplied by operator%().
+    std::ostringstream* _oss;
+
+    formatter replace(const std::string&) const;
+
+    void init(void);
+    formatter(const std::string&, const std::string&,
+              const std::string::size_type);
+
+public:
+    explicit formatter(const std::string&);
+    ~formatter(void);
+
+    const std::string& str(void) const;
+    operator const std::string&(void) const;
+
+    template< typename Type > formatter operator%(const Type&) const;
+    formatter operator%(const bool&) const;
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace format
+}  // namespace utils
+
+
+#endif  // !defined(UTILS_FORMAT_FORMATTER_HPP)