11 files changed, 9 insertions, 18078 deletions

diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/GDBvn.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/GDBvn.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index c891e5600207..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/GDBvn.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-@set GDBVN 4.13
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/Makefile b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/Makefile
index 9e9c9ea34b26..f124be4749d5 100644
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/Makefile
+++ b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/Makefile
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 INFO = gdb gdbint stabs annotate
 
+GDBDIR=	${.CURDIR}/../../../../contrib/gdb
+.PATH: ${GDBDIR}/gdb/doc
+
 INFOSECTION= "Gdb Documentation"
 INFOENTRY_annotate= "* GDB annotation: (annotate).	Annotations for the GNU Debugger (GDB)."
 
-MAKEINFOFLAGS += -I ${.CURDIR}/../../../../contrib/libreadline/doc
+MAKEINFOFLAGS += -I ${GDBDIR}/gdb/doc
+MAKEINFOFLAGS += -I ${GDBDIR}/../libreadline/doc
+MAKEINFOFLAGS += -I ${GDBDIR}/readline/doc
 
 .include <bsd.info.mk>
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/all-cfg.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/all-cfg.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index ec64da105ed3..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/all-cfg.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-@c GDB MANUAL configuration file.  
-@c Copyright (c) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c
-@c NOTE: While the GDB manual is configurable (by changing these
-@c switches), its configuration is ***NOT*** automatically tied in to
-@c source configuration---because the authors expect that, save in
-@c unusual cases, the most inclusive form of the manual is appropriate
-@c no matter how the program itself is configured.
-@c
-@c The only automatically-varying variable is the GDB version number,
-@c which the Makefile rewrites based on the VERSION variable from
-@c `../Makefile.in'.  
-@c 
-@c GDB version number is recorded in the variable GDBVN
-@include GDBvn.texi
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c PLATFORM FLAGS:
-@set GENERIC
-@c
-@c Hitachi H8/300 target:
-@set H8
-@c Hitachi H8/300 target ONLY:
-@clear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@c
-@c remote MIPS target:
-@set MIPS
-@c
-@c SPARC target:
-@set SPARC
-@c
-@c AMD 29000 target:
-@set AMD29K
-@c
-@c Intel 960 target:
-@set I960
-@c
-@c Tandem ST2000 (phone switch) target:
-@set ST2000
-@c
-@c Zilog 8000 target:
-@set Z8K
-@c
-@c Lucid "Energize" environment:
-@clear LUCID
-@c
-@c Wind River Systems VxWorks environment:
-@set VXWORKS
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c DOC FEATURE FLAGS:
-@c 
-@c Include change-from-old?
-@set NOVEL
-@c
-@c Bare-board target?
-@clear BARETARGET
-@c
-@c Restrict languages discussed to C?
-@c This is backward.  As time permits, change this to language-specific
-@c switches for what to include.
-@clear CONLY
-@c Discuss Fortran?
-@set FORTRAN
-@c
-@c Discuss Modula 2?
-@set MOD2
-@c
-@c Specifically for host machine running DOS?
-@clear DOSHOST
-@c
-@c Talk about CPU simulator targets?
-@set SIMS
-@c
-@c Is manual stand-alone, or part of an agglomeration, with overall GPL?
-@clear AGGLOMERATION
-@c
-@c Remote serial line settings of interest?
-@set SERIAL
-@c
-@c Discuss features requiring Posix or similar OS environment?
-@set POSIX
-@c
-@c Discuss remote serial debugging stub?
-@set REMOTESTUB
-@c
-@c Discuss gdbserver?
-@set GDBSERVER
-@c
-@c Refrain from discussing how to configure sw and format doc?
-@clear PRECONFIGURED
-@c
-@c Refrain from referring to unfree publications?
-@set FSFDOC
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c STRINGS:
-@c
-@c Name of GDB program.  Used also for (gdb) prompt string.
-@set GDBP gdb
-@c 
-@c Name of GDB product.  Used in running text.
-@set GDBN GDB
-@c
-@c Name of GDB initialization file.
-@set GDBINIT .gdbinit
-@c 
-@c Name of host.  Should not be used in generic configs, but generic
-@c value may catch some flubs.
-@set HOST machine specific
-@c
-@c Name of GCC product
-@set NGCC GCC
-@c 
-@c Name of GCC program
-@set GCC gcc
-
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/annotate.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/annotate.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 77165358c07f..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/annotate.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,708 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo   @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename annotate.info
-@settitle GDB Annotations
-@setchapternewpage off
-@c %**end of header
-
-@set EDITION 0.5
-@set DATE May 1994
-
-@ifinfo
-This file documents GDB annotations.
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}, of @cite{GDB
-Annotations}.  Copyright 1994 Free Software Foundation
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@titlepage
-@title GDB Annotations
-@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}
-@subtitle @value{DATE}
-@author Cygnus Support
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Free Software Foundation
-@end titlepage
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top
-@top GDB Annotations
-
-This file describes annotations in GDB, the GNU symbolic debugger.
-Annotations are designed to interface GDB to graphical user interfaces
-or other similar programs which want to interact with GDB at a
-relatively high level.
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}.
-
-@menu
-* General::             What annotations are; the general syntax.
-* Server::              Issuing a command without affecting user state.
-* Values::              Values are marked as such.
-* Frames::              Stack frames are annotated.
-* Displays::            GDB can be told to display something periodically.
-* Prompting::           Annotations marking GDB's need for input.
-* Errors::              Annotations for error messages.
-* Breakpoint Info::     Information on breakpoints.
-* Invalidation::        Some annotations describe things now invalid.
-* Running::             Whether the program is running, how it stopped, etc.
-* Source::              Annotations describing source code.
-* TODO::                Annotations which might be added in the future.
-* Index::               Index
-@end menu
-@end ifinfo
-
-@node General
-@chapter What is an Annotation?
-
-To produce annotations, start GDB with the @code{--annotate=2} option.
-
-Annotations start with a newline character, two @samp{control-z}
-characters, and the name of the annotation.  If there is no additional
-information associated with this annotation, the name of the annotation
-is followed immediately by a newline.  If there is additional
-information, the name of the annotation is followed by a space, the
-additional information, and a newline.  The additional information
-cannot contain newline characters.
-
-Any output not beginning with a newline and two @samp{control-z}
-characters denotes literal output from GDB.  Currently there is no need
-for GDB to output a newline followed by two @samp{control-z} characters,
-but if there was such a need, the annotations could be extended with an
-@samp{escape} annotation which means those three characters as output.
-
-A simple example of starting up GDB with annotations is:
-
-@example
-$ gdb --annotate=2
-GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it
- under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions.
-There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details.
-GDB 4.12.3 (sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3), 
-Copyright 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-^Z^Zpre-prompt
-(gdb) 
-^Z^Zprompt
-quit
-
-^Z^Zpost-prompt
-$ 
-@end example
-
-Here @samp{quit} is input to GDB; the rest is output from GDB.  The three
-lines beginning @samp{^Z^Z} (where @samp{^Z} denotes a @samp{control-z}
-character) are annotations; the rest is output from GDB.
-
-@node Server
-@chapter The Server Prefix
-
-To issue a command to GDB without affecting certain aspects of the state
-which is seen by users, prefix it with @samp{server }.  This means that
-this command will not affect the command history, nor will it affect
-GDB's notion of which command to repeat if @key{RET} is pressed on a
-line by itself.
-
-The server prefix does not affect the recording of values into the value
-history; to print a value without recording it into the value history,
-use the @code{output} command instead of the @code{print} command.
-
-@node Values
-@chapter Values
-
-When a value is printed in various contexts, GDB uses annotations to
-delimit the value from the surrounding text.
-
-@findex value-history-begin
-@findex value-history-value
-@findex value-history-end
-If a value is printed using @code{print} and added to the value history,
-the annotation looks like
-
-@example
-^Z^Zvalue-history-begin @var{history-number} @var{value-flags}
-@var{history-string}
-^Z^Zvalue-history-value
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zvalue-history-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{history-number} is the number it is getting in the value
-history, @var{history-string} is a string, such as @samp{$5 = }, which
-introduces the value to the user, @var{the-value} is the output
-corresponding to the value itself, and @var{value-flags} is @samp{*} for
-a value which can be dereferenced and @samp{-} for a value which cannot.
-
-@findex value-begin
-@findex value-end
-If the value is not added to the value history (it is an invalid float
-or it is printed with the @code{output} command), the annotation is similar:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zvalue-begin @var{value-flags}
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zvalue-end
-@end example
-
-@findex arg-begin
-@findex arg-name-end
-@findex arg-value
-@findex arg-end
-When GDB prints an argument to a function (for example, in the output
-from the @code{backtrace} command), it annotates it as follows:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zarg-begin
-@var{argument-name}
-^Z^Zarg-name-end
-@var{separator-string}
-^Z^Zarg-value @var{value-flags}
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zarg-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{argument-name} is the name of the argument,
-@var{separator-string} is text which separates the name from the value
-for the user's benefit (such as @samp{=}), and @var{value-flags} and
-@var{the-value} have the same meanings as in a
-@code{value-history-begin} annotation.
-
-@findex field-begin
-@findex field-name-end
-@findex field-value
-@findex field-end
-When printing a structure, GDB annotates it as follows:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zfield-begin @var{value-flags}
-@var{field-name}
-^Z^Zfield-name-end
-@var{separator-string}
-^Z^Zfield-value
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zfield-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{field-name} is the name of the field, @var{separator-string}
-is text which separates the name from the value for the user's benefit
-(such as @samp{=}), and @var{value-flags} and @var{the-value} have the
-same meanings as in a @code{value-history-begin} annotation.
-
-When printing an array, GDB annotates it as follows:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zarray-section-begin @var{array-index} @var{value-flags}
-@end example
-
-where @var{array-index} is the index of the first element being
-annotated and @var{value-flags} has the same meaning as in a
-@code{value-history-begin} annotation.  This is followed by any number
-of elements, where is element can be either a single element:
-
-@findex elt
-@example
-@samp{,} @var{whitespace}         ; @r{omitted for the first element}
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zelt
-@end example
-
-or a repeated element
-
-@findex elt-rep
-@findex elt-rep-end
-@example
-@samp{,} @var{whitespace}         ; @r{omitted for the first element}
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zelt-rep @var{number-of-repititions}
-@var{repetition-string}
-^Z^Zelt-rep-end
-@end example
-
-In both cases, @var{the-value} is the output for the value of the
-element and @var{whitespace} can contain spaces, tabs, and newlines.  In
-the repeated case, @var{number-of-repititons} is the number of
-consecutive array elements which contain that value, and
-@var{repetition-string} is a string which is designed to convey to the
-user that repitition is being depicted.
-
-@findex array-section-end
-Once all the array elements have been output, the array annotation is
-ended with
-
-@example
-^Z^Zarray-section-end
-@end example
-
-@node Frames
-@chapter Frames
-
-Whenever GDB prints a frame, it annotates it.  For example, this applies
-to frames printed when GDB stops, output from commands such as
-@code{backtrace} or @code{up}, etc.
-
-@findex frame-begin
-The frame annotation begins with
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-begin @var{level} @var{address}
-@var{level-string}
-@end example
-
-where @var{level} is the number of the frame (0 is the innermost frame,
-and other frames have positive numbers), @var{address} is the address of
-the code executing in that frame, and @var{level-string} is a string
-designed to convey the level to the user.  The frame ends with
-
-@findex frame-end
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-end
-@end example
-
-Between these annotations is the main body of the frame, which can
-consist of
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@findex function-call
-@example
-^Z^Zfunction-call
-@var{function-call-string}
-@end example
-
-where @var{function-call-string} is text designed to convey to the user
-that this frame is associated with a function call made by GDB to a
-function in the program being debugged.
-
-@item
-@findex signal-handler-caller
-@example
-^Z^Zsignal-handler-caller
-@var{signal-handler-caller-string}
-@end example
-
-where @var{signal-handler-caller-string} is text designed to convey to
-the user that this frame is associated with whatever mechanism is used
-by this operating system to call a signal handler (it is the frame which
-calls the signal handler, not the frame for the signal handler itself).
-
-@item
-A normal frame.
-
-@findex frame-address
-@findex frame-address-end
-This can optionally (depending on whether this is thought of as
-interesting information for the user to see) begin with
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-address
-@var{address}
-^Z^Zframe-address-end
-@var{separator-string}
-@end example
-
-where @var{address} is the address executing in the frame (the same
-address as in the @code{frame-begin} annotation), and
-@var{separator-string} is a string intended to separate this address
-from what follows for the user's benefit.
-
-@findex frame-function-name
-@findex frame-args
-Then comes
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-function-name
-@var{function-name}
-^Z^Zframe-args
-@var{arguments}
-@end example
-
-where @var{function-name} is the name of the function executing in the
-frame, or @samp{??} if not known, and @var{arguments} are the arguments
-to the frame, with parentheses around them (each argument is annotated
-individually as well @pxref{Values}).
-
-@findex frame-source-begin
-@findex frame-source-file
-@findex frame-source-file-end
-@findex frame-source-line
-@findex frame-source-end
-If source information is available, a reference to it is then printed:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-source-begin
-@var{source-intro-string}
-^Z^Zframe-source-file
-@var{filename}
-^Z^Zframe-source-file-end
-:
-^Z^Zframe-source-line
-@var{line-number}
-^Z^Zframe-source-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{source-intro-string} separates for the user's benefit the
-reference from the text which precedes it, @var{filename} is the name of
-the source file, and @var{line-number} is the line number within that
-file (the first line is line 1).
-
-@findex frame-where
-If GDB prints some information about where the frame is from (which
-library, which load segment, etc.; currently only done on the RS/6000),
-it is annotated with
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-where
-@var{information}
-@end example
-
-Then, if source is to actually be displayed for this frame (for example,
-this is not true for output from the @code{backtrace} command), then a
-@code{source} annotation (@pxref{Source}) is displayed.  Unlike most
-annotations, this is output instead of the normal text which would be
-output, not in addition.
-@end itemize
-
-@node Displays
-@chapter Displays
-
-@findex display-begin
-@findex display-number-end
-@findex display-format
-@findex display-expression
-@findex display-expression-end
-@findex display-value
-@findex display-end
-When GDB is told to display something using the @code{display} command,
-the results of the display are annotated:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zdisplay-begin
-@var{number}
-^Z^Zdisplay-number-end
-@var{number-separator}
-^Z^Zdisplay-format
-@var{format}
-^Z^Zdisplay-expression
-@var{expression}
-^Z^Zdisplay-expression-end
-@var{expression-separator}
-^Z^Zdisplay-value
-@var{value}
-^Z^Zdisplay-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{number} is the number of the display, @var{number-separator}
-is intended to separate the number from what follows for the user,
-@var{format} includes information such as the size, format, or other
-information about how the value is being displayed, @var{expression} is
-the expression being displayed, @var{expression-separator} is intended
-to separate the expression from the text that follows for the user,
-and @var{value} is the actual value being displayed.
-
-@node Prompting
-@chapter Annotation for GDB Input
-
-When GDB prompts for input, it annotates this fact so it is possible
-to know when to send output, when the output from a given command is
-over, etc.
-
-Different kinds of input each have a different @dfn{input type}.  Each
-input type has three annotations: a @code{pre-} annotation, which
-denotes the beginning of any prompt which is being output, a plain
-annotation, which denotes the end of the prompt, and then a @code{post-}
-annotation which denotes the end of any echo which may (or may not) be
-associated with the input.  For example, the @code{prompt} input type
-features the following annotations:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zpre-prompt
-^Z^Zprompt
-^Z^Zpost-prompt
-@end example
-
-The input types are
-
-@table @code
-@findex pre-prompt
-@findex prompt
-@findex post-prompt
-@item prompt
-When GDB is prompting for a command (the main GDB prompt).
-
-@findex pre-commands
-@findex commands
-@findex post-commands
-@item commands
-When GDB prompts for a set of commands, like in the @code{commands}
-command.  The annotations are repeated for each command which is input.
-
-@findex pre-overload-choice
-@findex overload-choice
-@findex post-overload-choice
-@item overload-choice
-When GDB wants the user to select between various overloaded functions.
-
-@findex pre-query
-@findex query
-@findex post-query
-@item query
-When GDB wants the user to confirm a potentially dangerous operation.
-
-@findex pre-prompt-for-continue
-@findex prompt-for-continue
-@findex post-prompt-for-continue
-@item prompt-for-continue
-When GDB is asking the user to press return to continue.  Note: Don't
-expect this to work well; instead use @code{set height 0} to disable
-prompting.  This is because the counting of lines is buggy in the
-presence of annotations.
-@end table
-
-@node Errors
-@chapter Errors
-
-@findex quit
-@example
-^Z^Zquit
-@end example
-
-This annotation occurs right before GDB responds to an interrupt.
-
-@findex error
-@example
-^Z^Zerror
-@end example
-
-This annotation occurs right before GDB responds to an error.
-
-Quit and error annotations indicate that any annotations which GDB was
-in the middle of may end abruptly.  For example, if a
-@code{value-history-begin} annotation is followed by a @code{error}, one
-cannot expect to receive the matching @code{value-history-end}.  One
-cannot expect not to receive it either, however; an error annotation
-does not necessarily mean that GDB is immediately returning all the way
-to the top level.
-
-@findex error-begin
-A quit or error annotation may be preceded by
-
-@example
-^Z^Zerror-begin
-@end example
-
-Any output between that and the quit or error annotation is the error
-message.
-
-Warning messages are not yet annotated.
-@c If we want to change that, need to fix warning(), type_error(),
-@c range_error(), and possibly other places.
-
-@node Breakpoint Info
-@chapter Information on Breakpoints
-
-The output from the @code{info breakpoints} command is annotated as follows:
-
-@findex breakpoints-headers
-@findex breakpoints-table
-@example
-^Z^Zbreakpoints-headers
-@var{header-entry}
-^Z^Zbreakpoints-table
-@end example
-
-where @var{header-entry} has the same syntax as an entry (see below) but
-instead of containing data, it contains strings which are intended to
-convey the meaning of each field to the user.  This is followed by any
-number of entries.  If a field does not apply for this entry, it is
-omitted.  Fields may contain trailing whitespace.  Each entry consists
-of:
-
-@findex record
-@findex field
-@example
-^Z^Zrecord
-^Z^Zfield 0
-@var{number}
-^Z^Zfield 1
-@var{type}
-^Z^Zfield 2
-@var{disposition}
-^Z^Zfield 3
-@var{enable}
-^Z^Zfield 4
-@var{address}
-^Z^Zfield 5
-@var{what}
-^Z^Zfield 6
-@var{frame}
-^Z^Zfield 7
-@var{condition}
-^Z^Zfield 8
-@var{ignore-count}
-^Z^Zfield 9
-@var{commands}
-@end example
-
-The output ends with
-
-@findex breakpoints-table-end
-@example
-^Z^Zbreakpoints-table-end
-@end example
-
-@node Invalidation
-@chapter Invalidation Notices
-
-The following annotations say that certain pieces of state may have
-changed.
-
-@table @code
-@findex frames-invalid
-@item ^Z^Zframes-invalid
-
-The frames (for example, output from the @code{backtrace} command) may
-have changed.
-
-@findex breakpoints-invalid
-@item ^Z^Zbreakpoints-invalid
-
-The breakpoints may have changed.  For example, the user just added or
-deleted a breakpoint.
-@end table
-
-@node Running
-@chapter Running the Program
-
-@findex starting
-@findex stopping
-When the program starts executing due to a GDB command such as
-@code{step} or @code{continue}, 
-
-@example
-^Z^Zstarting
-@end example
-
-is output.  When the program stops, 
-
-@example
-^Z^Zstopped
-@end example
-
-is output.  Before the @code{stopped} annotation, a variety of
-annotations describe how the program stopped.
-
-@table @code
-@findex exited
-@item ^Z^Zexited @var{exit-status}
-The program exited, and @var{exit-status} is the exit status (zero for
-successful exit, otherwise nonzero).
-
-@findex signalled
-@findex signal-name
-@findex signal-name-end
-@findex signal-string
-@findex signal-string-end
-@item ^Z^Zsignalled
-The program exited with a signal.  After the @code{^Z^Zsignalled}, the
-annotation continues:
-
-@example
-@var{intro-text}
-^Z^Zsignal-name
-@var{name}
-^Z^Zsignal-name-end
-@var{middle-text}
-^Z^Zsignal-string
-@var{string}
-^Z^Zsignal-string-end
-@var{end-text}
-@end example
-
-where @var{name} is the name of the signal, such as @code{SIGILL} or
-@code{SIGSEGV}, and @var{string} is the explanation of the signal, such
-as @code{Illegal Instruction} or @code{Segmentation fault}.
-@var{intro-text}, @var{middle-text}, and @var{end-text} are for the
-user's benefit and have no particular format.
-
-@findex signal
-@item ^Z^Zsignal
-The syntax of this annotation is just like @code{signalled}, but GDB is
-just saying that the program received the signal, not that it was
-terminated with it.
-
-@findex breakpoint
-@item ^Z^Zbreakpoint @var{number}
-The program hit breakpoint number @var{number}.
-
-@findex watchpoint
-@item ^Z^Zwatchpoint @var{number}
-The program hit watchpoint number @var{number}.
-@end table
-
-@node Source
-@chapter Displaying Source
-
-@findex source
-The following annotation is used instead of displaying source code:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zsource @var{filename}:@var{line}:@var{character}:@var{middle}:@var{addr}
-@end example
-
-where @var{filename} is an absolute file name indicating which source
-file, @var{line} is the line number within that file (where 1 is the
-first line in the file), @var{character} is the character position
-within the file (where 0 is the first character in the file) (for most
-debug formats this will necessarily point to the beginning of a line),
-@var{middle} is @samp{middle} if @var{addr} is in the middle of the
-line, or @samp{beg} if @var{addr} is at the beginning of the line, and
-@var{addr} is the address in the target program associated with the
-source which is being displayed.
-
-@node TODO
-@chapter Annotations We Might Want in the Future
-
-@format
-    - target-invalid
-      the target might have changed (registers, heap contents, or
-      execution status).  For performance, we might eventually want
-      to hit `registers-invalid' and `all-registers-invalid' with
-      greater precision
-
-    - systematic annotation for set/show parameters (including
-      invalidation notices).
-
-    - similarly, `info' returns a list of candidates for invalidation
-      notices.
-@end format
-
-@node Index
-@unnumbered Index
-
-@printindex fn
-
-@bye
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdb-cfg.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdb-cfg.texi
index ec64da105ed3..5b549c26c8c3 100644
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdb-cfg.texi
+++ b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdb-cfg.texi
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
 @c Discuss gdbserver?
 @set GDBSERVER
 @c
+@c Discuss gdbserve.nlm?
+@set GDBSERVE
+@c
 @c Refrain from discussing how to configure sw and format doc?
 @clear PRECONFIGURED
 @c
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index 5db92537fc50..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8921 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo      @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c Copyright 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c
-@c %**start of header 
-@c makeinfo ignores cmds prev to setfilename, so its arg cannot make use
-@c of @set vars.  However, you can override filename with makeinfo -o.
-@setfilename gdb.info
-@c
-@include gdb-cfg.texi
-@c
-@ifset GENERIC
-@settitle Debugging with @value{GDBN}
-@end ifset
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@settitle Debugging with @value{GDBN} (@value{TARGET})
-@end ifclear
-@setchapternewpage odd
-@c %**end of header
-
-@iftex
-@c @smallbook
-@c @cropmarks
-@end iftex
-
-@finalout
-@syncodeindex ky cp
-
-@c readline appendices use @vindex
-@syncodeindex vr cp
-
-@c !!set GDB manual's edition---not the same as GDB version!
-@set EDITION 4.12
-
-@c !!set GDB manual's revision date
-@set DATE January 1994
-
-@c GDB CHANGELOG CONSULTED BETWEEN:
-@c Fri Oct 11 23:27:06 1991  John Gilmore  (gnu at cygnus.com)
-@c Sat Dec 22 02:51:40 1990  John Gilmore  (gnu at cygint)
-
-@c THIS MANUAL REQUIRES TEXINFO-2 macros and info-makers to format properly.
-
-@ifinfo
-@c This is a dir.info fragment to support semi-automated addition of
-@c manuals to an info tree.  zoo@cygnus.com is developing this facility.
-@format
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Gdb: (gdb).                     The GNU debugger.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-@end format
-@end ifinfo
-@c
-@c
-@ifinfo
-This file documents the GNU debugger @value{GDBN}.
-
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}, 
-of @cite{Debugging with @value{GDBN}: the GNU Source-Level Debugger}
-for GDB Version @value{GDBVN}.
-
-Copyright (C) 1988, '89, '90, '91, '92, '93 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@titlepage
-@title Debugging with @value{GDBN}
-@subtitle The GNU Source-Level Debugger
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@subtitle (@value{TARGET})
-@end ifclear
-@sp 1
-@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @value{GDBN} version @value{GDBVN}
-@subtitle @value{DATE}
-@author Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch
-@page
-@tex
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill (Send bugs and comments on @value{GDBN} to bug-gdb\@prep.ai.mit.edu.)\par
-\hfill {\it Debugging with @value{GDBN}}\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-\hfill pesch\@cygnus.com\par
-}
-@end tex
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988, '89, '90, '91, '92, '93 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc. 
-@sp 2
-Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
-675 Massachusetts Avenue, @*
-Cambridge, MA 02139 USA @*
-Printed copies are available for $20 each. @*
-ISBN 1-882114-11-6 @*
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end titlepage
-@page
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top
-@top Debugging with @value{GDBN}
-
-This file describes @value{GDBN}, the GNU symbolic debugger.
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}, for GDB Version @value{GDBVN}.
-
-@menu
-* Summary::                     Summary of @value{GDBN}
-@ifset NOVEL
-* New Features::                New features since GDB version 3.5
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Sample Session::              A sample @value{GDBN} session
-@end ifclear
-
-* Invocation::                  Getting in and out of @value{GDBN}
-* Commands::                    @value{GDBN} commands
-* Running::                     Running programs under @value{GDBN}
-* Stopping::                    Stopping and continuing
-* Stack::                       Examining the stack
-* Source::                      Examining source files
-* Data::                        Examining data
-@ifclear CONLY
-* Languages::                   Using @value{GDBN} with different languages
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-* C::                           C language support
-@end ifset
-@c remnant makeinfo bug, blank line needed after two end-ifs?
-
-* Symbols::                     Examining the symbol table
-* Altering::                    Altering execution
-* GDB Files::                   @value{GDBN} files
-* Targets::                     Specifying a debugging target
-* Controlling GDB::             Controlling @value{GDBN}
-* Sequences::                   Canned sequences of commands
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-* Emacs::                       Using @value{GDBN} under GNU Emacs
-@end ifclear
-
-* GDB Bugs::                    Reporting bugs in @value{GDBN}
-* Command Line Editing::        Facilities of the readline library
-* Using History Interactively::
-@ifset NOVEL
-* Renamed Commands::
-@end ifset
-@ifclear PRECONFIGURED
-* Formatting Documentation::    How to format and print GDB documentation
-* Installing GDB::              Installing GDB
-@end ifclear
-
-* Index::                       Index
-@end menu
-@end ifinfo
-
-@node Summary
-@unnumbered Summary of @value{GDBN}
-
-The purpose of a debugger such as @value{GDBN} is to allow you to see what is
-going on ``inside'' another program while it executes---or what another
-program was doing at the moment it crashed.
-
-@value{GDBN} can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
-these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
-
-@item
-Make your program stop on specified conditions.
-
-@item
-Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
-
-@item
-Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
-effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
-@end itemize
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-You can use @value{GDBN} to debug programs written in C or C++.
-@c "MOD2" used as a "miscellaneous languages" flag here.
-@c This is acceptable while there is no real doc for Chill and Pascal.
-@ifclear MOD2
-For more information, see @ref{Support,,Supported languages}.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset MOD2
-For more information, see @ref{C,,C and C++}.
-
-Support for Modula-2 and Chill is partial.  For information on Modula-2,
-see @ref{Modula-2,,Modula-2}.  There is no further documentation on Chill yet.
-
-Debugging Pascal programs which use sets, subranges, file variables, or nested
-functions does not currently work.  @value{GDBN} does not support
-entering expressions, printing values, or similar features using Pascal syntax.
-@end ifset
-@ifset FORTRAN
-@cindex Fortran
-@value{GDBN} can be used to debug programs written in Fortran, although
-it does not yet support entering expressions, printing values, or
-similar features using Fortran syntax.  It may be necessary to refer to
-some variables with a trailing underscore.
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@menu
-* Free Software::               Freely redistributable software
-* Contributors::                Contributors to GDB
-@end menu
-
-@node Free Software
-@unnumberedsec Free software
-
-@value{GDBN} is @dfn{free software}, protected by the GNU General Public License
-(GPL).  The GPL gives you the freedom to copy or adapt a licensed
-program---but every person getting a copy also gets with it the
-freedom to modify that copy (which means that they must get access to
-the source code), and the freedom to distribute further copies.
-Typical software companies use copyrights to limit your freedoms; the
-Free Software Foundation uses the GPL to preserve these freedoms.
-
-Fundamentally, the General Public License is a license which says that
-you have these freedoms and that you cannot take these freedoms away
-from anyone else.
-
-@node Contributors
-@unnumberedsec Contributors to GDB
-
-Richard Stallman was the original author of GDB, and of many other GNU
-programs.  Many others have contributed to its development.  This
-section attempts to credit major contributors.  One of the virtues of
-free software is that everyone is free to contribute to it; with
-regret, we cannot actually acknowledge everyone here.  The file
-@file{ChangeLog} in the GDB distribution approximates a blow-by-blow
-account.
-
-Changes much prior to version 2.0 are lost in the mists of time.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Plea:} Additions to this section are particularly welcome.  If you
-or your friends (or enemies, to be evenhanded) have been unfairly
-omitted from this list, we would like to add your names!
-@end quotation
-
-So that they may not regard their long labor as thankless, we
-particularly thank those who shepherded GDB through major releases:
-Fred Fish (releases 4.12, 4.11, 4.10, and 4.9),
-Stu Grossman and John Gilmore (releases 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, and 4.4),
-John Gilmore (releases 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4.0, and 3.9);
-Jim Kingdon (releases 3.5, 3.4, and 3.3);
-and Randy Smith (releases 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0).
-As major maintainer of GDB for some period, each
-contributed significantly to the structure, stability, and capabilities
-of the entire debugger.
-
-Richard Stallman, assisted at various times by Peter TerMaat, Chris
-Hanson, and Richard Mlynarik, handled releases through 2.8.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-Michael Tiemann is the author of most of the GNU C++ support in GDB,
-with significant additional contributions from Per Bothner.  James
-Clark wrote the GNU C++ demangler.  Early work on C++ was by Peter
-TerMaat (who also did much general update work leading to release 3.0).
-@end ifclear
-
-GDB 4 uses the BFD subroutine library to examine multiple
-object-file formats; BFD was a joint project of David V.
-Henkel-Wallace, Rich Pixley, Steve Chamberlain, and John Gilmore.
-
-David Johnson wrote the original COFF support; Pace Willison did
-the original support for encapsulated COFF.
-
-Adam de Boor and Bradley Davis contributed the ISI Optimum V support.
-Per Bothner, Noboyuki Hikichi, and Alessandro Forin contributed MIPS
-support.
-Jean-Daniel Fekete contributed Sun 386i support.
-Chris Hanson improved the HP9000 support.
-Noboyuki Hikichi and Tomoyuki Hasei contributed Sony/News OS 3 support.
-David Johnson contributed Encore Umax support.
-Jyrki Kuoppala contributed Altos 3068 support.
-Jeff Law contributed HP PA and SOM support.
-Keith Packard contributed NS32K support.
-Doug Rabson contributed Acorn Risc Machine support.
-Bob Rusk contributed Harris Nighthawk CX-UX support.
-Chris Smith contributed Convex support (and Fortran debugging).
-Jonathan Stone contributed Pyramid support.
-Michael Tiemann contributed SPARC support.
-Tim Tucker contributed support for the Gould NP1 and Gould Powernode.
-Pace Willison contributed Intel 386 support.
-Jay Vosburgh contributed Symmetry support.
-
-Rich Schaefer and Peter Schauer helped with support of SunOS shared
-libraries.
-
-Jay Fenlason and Roland McGrath ensured that GDB and GAS agree about
-several machine instruction sets.
-
-Patrick Duval, Ted Goldstein, Vikram Koka and Glenn Engel helped
-develop remote debugging.  Intel Corporation and Wind River Systems
-contributed remote debugging modules for their products.
-
-Brian Fox is the author of the readline libraries providing
-command-line editing and command history.
-
-Andrew Beers of SUNY Buffalo wrote the language-switching code,
-@ifset MOD2
-the Modula-2 support,
-@end ifset
-and contributed the Languages chapter of this manual.
-
-Fred Fish wrote most of the support for Unix System Vr4.  
-@ifclear CONLY
-He also enhanced the command-completion support to cover C++ overloaded
-symbols.
-@end ifclear
-
-Hitachi America, Ltd. sponsored the support for Hitachi microprocessors.
-
-Kung Hsu, Jeff Law, and Rick Sladkey added support for hardware
-watchpoints.
-
-Stu Grossman wrote gdbserver.
-
-Jim Kingdon, Peter Schauer, Ian Taylor, and Stu Grossman made
-nearly innumerable bug fixes and cleanups throughout GDB.
-
-@ifset NOVEL
-@node New Features
-@unnumbered New Features since GDB Version 3.5
-
-@table @emph
-@item Targets
-Using the new command @code{target}, you can select at runtime whether
-you are debugging local files, local processes, standalone systems over
-a serial port, or realtime systems over a TCP/IP connection.  The
-command @code{load} can download programs into a remote system.  Serial
-stubs are available for Motorola 680x0, Intel 80386, and Sparc remote
-systems; GDB also supports debugging realtime processes running under
-VxWorks, using SunRPC Remote Procedure Calls over TCP/IP to talk to a
-debugger stub on the target system.  Internally, GDB now uses a function
-vector to mediate access to different targets; if you need to add your
-own support for a remote protocol, this makes it much easier.
-
-@item Watchpoints
-GDB now sports watchpoints as well as breakpoints.  You can use a
-watchpoint to stop execution whenever the value of an expression
-changes, without having to predict a particular place in your program
-where this may happen.
-
-@item Wide Output
-Commands that issue wide output now insert newlines at places designed
-to make the output more readable.
-
-@item Object Code Formats
-GDB uses a new library called the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) Library
-to permit it to switch dynamically, without reconfiguration or
-recompilation, between different object-file formats.  Formats currently
-supported are COFF, ELF, a.out, Intel 960 b.out, MIPS ECOFF, HPPA SOM
-(with stabs debugging), and S-records; files may be read as .o files,
-archive libraries, or core dumps.  BFD is available as a subroutine
-library so that other programs may take advantage of it, and the other
-GNU binary utilities are being converted to use it.
-
-@item Configuration and Ports
-Compile-time configuration (to select a particular architecture and
-operating system) is much easier.  The script @code{configure} now
-allows you to configure GDB as either a native debugger or a
-cross-debugger. @xref{Installing GDB}, for details on how to
-configure.
-
-@item Interaction
-The user interface to the GDB control variables is simpler,
-and is consolidated in two commands, @code{set} and @code{show}.  Output
-lines are now broken at readable places, rather than overflowing onto
-the next line.  You can suppress output of machine-level addresses,
-displaying only source language information.
-
-@item C++
-GDB now supports C++ multiple inheritance (if used with a GCC
-version 2 compiler), and also has limited support for C++ exception
-handling, with the commands @code{catch} and @code{info catch}: GDB
-can break when an exception is raised, before the stack is peeled back
-to the exception handler's context.
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@item Modula-2
-GDB now has preliminary support for the GNU Modula-2 compiler, currently
-under development at the State University of New York at Buffalo.
-Coordinated development of both GDB and the GNU Modula-2 compiler will
-continue.  Other Modula-2 compilers are currently not supported, and
-attempting to debug programs compiled with them will likely result in an
-error as the symbol table of the executable is read in.
-@end ifset
-
-@item Command Rationalization
-Many GDB commands have been renamed to make them easier to remember
-and use.  In particular, the subcommands of @code{info} and
-@code{show}/@code{set} are grouped to make the former refer to the state
-of your program, and the latter refer to the state of GDB itself.
-@xref{Renamed Commands}, for details on what commands were renamed.
-
-@item Shared Libraries
-GDB 4 can debug programs and core files that use SunOS, SVR4, or IBM RS/6000
-shared libraries.
-
-@item Threads
-On some systems, GDB 4 has facilities to debug multi-thread programs.
-
-@item Reference Card
-GDB 4 has a reference card.  @xref{Formatting Documentation,,Formatting
-the Documentation}, for instructions about how to print it.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@node Sample Session
-@chapter A Sample @value{GDBN} Session
-
-You can use this manual at your leisure to read all about @value{GDBN}.
-However, a handful of commands are enough to get started using the
-debugger.  This chapter illustrates those commands.
-
-@iftex
-In this sample session, we emphasize user input like this: @b{input},
-to make it easier to pick out from the surrounding output.
-@end iftex
-
-@c FIXME: this example may not be appropriate for some configs, where
-@c FIXME...primary interest is in remote use.
-
-One of the preliminary versions of GNU @code{m4} (a generic macro
-processor) exhibits the following bug: sometimes, when we change its
-quote strings from the default, the commands used to capture one macro
-definition within another stop working.  In the following short @code{m4}
-session, we define a macro @code{foo} which expands to @code{0000}; we
-then use the @code{m4} built-in @code{defn} to define @code{bar} as the
-same thing.  However, when we change the open quote string to
-@code{<QUOTE>} and the close quote string to @code{<UNQUOTE>}, the same
-procedure fails to define a new synonym @code{baz}:
-
-@smallexample
-$ @b{cd gnu/m4}
-$ @b{./m4}
-@b{define(foo,0000)}
-
-@b{foo}
-0000
-@b{define(bar,defn(`foo'))}
-
-@b{bar}
-0000
-@b{changequote(<QUOTE>,<UNQUOTE>)}
-
-@b{define(baz,defn(<QUOTE>foo<UNQUOTE>))}
-@b{baz}
-@b{C-d}
-m4: End of input: 0: fatal error: EOF in string
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Let us use @value{GDBN} to try to see what is going on.
-
-@smallexample
-$ @b{@value{GDBP} m4}
-@c FIXME: this falsifies the exact text played out, to permit smallbook
-@c FIXME... format to come out better.
-GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies
- of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see 
- the conditions.
-There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" 
- for details.
-GDB @value{GDBVN}, Copyright 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc...
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@value{GDBN} reads only enough symbol data to know where to find the
-rest when needed; as a result, the first prompt comes up very quickly.
-We now tell @value{GDBN} to use a narrower display width than usual, so
-that examples fit in this manual.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{set width 70}
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-We need to see how the @code{m4} built-in @code{changequote} works.
-Having looked at the source, we know the relevant subroutine is
-@code{m4_changequote}, so we set a breakpoint there with the @value{GDBN}
-@code{break} command.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{break m4_changequote}
-Breakpoint 1 at 0x62f4: file builtin.c, line 879.
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Using the @code{run} command, we start @code{m4} running under @value{GDBN}
-control; as long as control does not reach the @code{m4_changequote}
-subroutine, the program runs as usual:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{run}
-Starting program: /work/Editorial/gdb/gnu/m4/m4
-@b{define(foo,0000)}
-
-@b{foo}
-0000
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-To trigger the breakpoint, we call @code{changequote}.  @value{GDBN}
-suspends execution of @code{m4}, displaying information about the
-context where it stops.
-
-@smallexample
-@b{changequote(<QUOTE>,<UNQUOTE>)}
-
-Breakpoint 1, m4_changequote (argc=3, argv=0x33c70) 
-    at builtin.c:879
-879         if (bad_argc(TOKEN_DATA_TEXT(argv[0]),argc,1,3))
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Now we use the command @code{n} (@code{next}) to advance execution to
-the next line of the current function.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-882         set_quotes((argc >= 2) ? TOKEN_DATA_TEXT(argv[1])\
- : nil,
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@code{set_quotes} looks like a promising subroutine.  We can go into it
-by using the command @code{s} (@code{step}) instead of @code{next}.
-@code{step} goes to the next line to be executed in @emph{any}
-subroutine, so it steps into @code{set_quotes}.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{s}
-set_quotes (lq=0x34c78 "<QUOTE>", rq=0x34c88 "<UNQUOTE>")
-    at input.c:530
-530         if (lquote != def_lquote)
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-The display that shows the subroutine where @code{m4} is now
-suspended (and its arguments) is called a stack frame display.  It
-shows a summary of the stack.  We can use the @code{backtrace}
-command (which can also be spelled @code{bt}), to see where we are
-in the stack as a whole: the @code{backtrace} command displays a
-stack frame for each active subroutine.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{bt}
-#0  set_quotes (lq=0x34c78 "<QUOTE>", rq=0x34c88 "<UNQUOTE>")
-    at input.c:530
-#1  0x6344 in m4_changequote (argc=3, argv=0x33c70) 
-    at builtin.c:882
-#2  0x8174 in expand_macro (sym=0x33320) at macro.c:242
-#3  0x7a88 in expand_token (obs=0x0, t=209696, td=0xf7fffa30)
-    at macro.c:71
-#4  0x79dc in expand_input () at macro.c:40
-#5  0x2930 in main (argc=0, argv=0xf7fffb20) at m4.c:195
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-We step through a few more lines to see what happens.  The first two
-times, we can use @samp{s}; the next two times we use @code{n} to avoid
-falling into the @code{xstrdup} subroutine.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{s}
-0x3b5c  532         if (rquote != def_rquote)
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{s}
-0x3b80  535         lquote = (lq == nil || *lq == '\0') ?  \
-def_lquote : xstrdup(lq);
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-536         rquote = (rq == nil || *rq == '\0') ? def_rquote\
- : xstrdup(rq);
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-538         len_lquote = strlen(rquote);
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-The last line displayed looks a little odd; we can examine the variables
-@code{lquote} and @code{rquote} to see if they are in fact the new left
-and right quotes we specified.  We use the command @code{p}
-(@code{print}) to see their values.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p lquote}
-$1 = 0x35d40 "<QUOTE>"
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p rquote}
-$2 = 0x35d50 "<UNQUOTE>"
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@code{lquote} and @code{rquote} are indeed the new left and right quotes.
-To look at some context, we can display ten lines of source
-surrounding the current line with the @code{l} (@code{list}) command.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{l}
-533             xfree(rquote);
-534
-535         lquote = (lq == nil || *lq == '\0') ? def_lquote\
- : xstrdup (lq);
-536         rquote = (rq == nil || *rq == '\0') ? def_rquote\
- : xstrdup (rq);
-537
-538         len_lquote = strlen(rquote);
-539         len_rquote = strlen(lquote);
-540     @}
-541
-542     void
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Let us step past the two lines that set @code{len_lquote} and
-@code{len_rquote}, and then examine the values of those variables.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-539         len_rquote = strlen(lquote);
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-540     @}
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p len_lquote}
-$3 = 9
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p len_rquote}
-$4 = 7
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-That certainly looks wrong, assuming @code{len_lquote} and
-@code{len_rquote} are meant to be the lengths of @code{lquote} and
-@code{rquote} respectively.  We can set them to better values using
-the @code{p} command, since it can print the value of
-any expression---and that expression can include subroutine calls and
-assignments.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p len_lquote=strlen(lquote)}
-$5 = 7
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p len_rquote=strlen(rquote)}
-$6 = 9
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Is that enough to fix the problem of using the new quotes with the
-@code{m4} built-in @code{defn}?  We can allow @code{m4} to continue
-executing with the @code{c} (@code{continue}) command, and then try the
-example that caused trouble initially:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{c}
-Continuing.
-
-@b{define(baz,defn(<QUOTE>foo<UNQUOTE>))}
-
-baz
-0000
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Success!  The new quotes now work just as well as the default ones.  The
-problem seems to have been just the two typos defining the wrong
-lengths.  We allow @code{m4} exit by giving it an EOF as input:
-
-@smallexample
-@b{C-d}
-Program exited normally.
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-The message @samp{Program exited normally.} is from @value{GDBN}; it
-indicates @code{m4} has finished executing.  We can end our @value{GDBN}
-session with the @value{GDBN} @code{quit} command.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{quit}
-@end smallexample
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Invocation
-@chapter Getting In and Out of @value{GDBN}
-
-This chapter discusses how to start @value{GDBN}, and how to get out of it.
-(The essentials: type @samp{@value{GDBP}} to start GDB, and type @kbd{quit}
-or @kbd{C-d} to exit.)
-
-@menu
-* Invoking GDB::                How to start @value{GDBN}
-* Quitting GDB::                 How to quit @value{GDBN}
-* Shell Commands::              How to use shell commands inside @value{GDBN}
-@end menu
-
-@node Invoking GDB
-@section Invoking @value{GDBN}
-
-@ifset H8EXCLUSIVE
-For details on starting up @value{GDBP} as a
-remote debugger attached to a Hitachi microprocessor, see @ref{Hitachi
-Remote,,@value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors}.
-@end ifset
-
-Invoke @value{GDBN} by running the program @code{@value{GDBP}}.  Once started,
-@value{GDBN} reads commands from the terminal until you tell it to exit.
-
-You can also run @code{@value{GDBP}} with a variety of arguments and options,
-to specify more of your debugging environment at the outset.
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-The command-line options described here are designed
-to cover a variety of situations; in some environments, some of these
-options may effectively be unavailable.  
-@end ifset
-
-The most usual way to start @value{GDBN} is with one argument,
-specifying an executable program:
-
-@example
-@value{GDBP} @var{program}
-@end example
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@noindent
-You can also start with both an executable program and a core file
-specified:
-
-@example
-@value{GDBP} @var{program} @var{core}
-@end example
-
-You can, instead, specify a process ID as a second argument, if you want
-to debug a running process:
-
-@example
-@value{GDBP} @var{program} 1234
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-would attach @value{GDBN} to process @code{1234} (unless you also have a file
-named @file{1234}; @value{GDBN} does check for a core file first).
-
-Taking advantage of the second command-line argument requires a fairly
-complete operating system; when you use @value{GDBN} as a remote debugger
-attached to a bare board, there may not be any notion of ``process'',
-and there is often no way to get a core dump.
-@end ifclear
-
-@noindent
-You can further control how @value{GDBN} starts up by using command-line
-options.  @value{GDBN} itself can remind you of the options available.
-
-@noindent
-Type
-
-@example
-@value{GDBP} -help
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-to display all available options and briefly describe their use
-(@samp{@value{GDBP} -h} is a shorter equivalent).
-
-All options and command line arguments you give are processed
-in sequential order.  The order makes a difference when the
-@samp{-x} option is used.
-
-
-@menu
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-* Remote Serial::               @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol
-@end ifset
-@ifset I960
-* i960-Nindy Remote::		@value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)
-@end ifset
-@ifset AMD29K
-* UDI29K Remote::               The UDI protocol for AMD29K
-* EB29K Remote::		The EBMON protocol for AMD29K
-@end ifset
-@ifset VXWORKS
-* VxWorks Remote::		@value{GDBN} and VxWorks
-@end ifset
-@ifset ST2000
-* ST2000 Remote::               @value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000
-@end ifset
-@ifset H8
-* Hitachi Remote::              @value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors
-@end ifset
-@ifset MIPS
-* MIPS Remote::			@value{GDBN} and MIPS boards
-@end ifset
-@ifset SIMS
-* Simulator::                   Simulated CPU target
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-@c remnant makeinfo bug requires this blank line after *two* end-ifblahs:
-
-* File Options::                Choosing files
-* Mode Options::                Choosing modes
-@end menu
-
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@include remote.texi
-@end ifclear
-
-@node File Options
-@subsection Choosing files
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-When @value{GDBN} starts, it reads any arguments other than options as
-specifying an executable file and core file (or process ID).  This is
-the same as if the arguments were specified by the @samp{-se} and
-@samp{-c} options respectively.  (@value{GDBN} reads the first argument
-that does not have an associated option flag as equivalent to the
-@samp{-se} option followed by that argument; and the second argument
-that does not have an associated option flag, if any, as equivalent to
-the @samp{-c} option followed by that argument.)
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-When @value{GDBN} starts, it reads any argument other than options as
-specifying an executable file.  This is the same as if the argument was
-specified by the @samp{-se} option.
-@end ifset
-
-Many options have both long and short forms; both are shown in the
-following list.  @value{GDBN} also recognizes the long forms if you truncate
-them, so long as enough of the option is present to be unambiguous.
-(If you prefer, you can flag option arguments with @samp{--} rather
-than @samp{-}, though we illustrate the more usual convention.)
-
-@table @code
-@item -symbols @var{file}
-@itemx -s @var{file}
-Read symbol table from file @var{file}.
-
-@item -exec @var{file}
-@itemx -e @var{file}
-Use file @var{file} as the executable file to execute when
-@ifset BARETARGET
-appropriate.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-appropriate, and for examining pure data in conjunction with a core
-dump.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item -se @var{file}
-Read symbol table from file @var{file} and use it as the executable
-file.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@item -core @var{file}
-@itemx -c @var{file}
-Use file @var{file} as a core dump to examine.
-
-@item -c @var{number}
-Connect to process ID @var{number}, as with the @code{attach} command
-(unless there is a file in core-dump format named @var{number}, in which
-case @samp{-c} specifies that file as a core dump to read).
-@end ifclear
-
-@item -command @var{file}
-@itemx -x @var{file}
-Execute @value{GDBN} commands from file @var{file}.  @xref{Command
-Files,, Command files}.
-
-@item -directory @var{directory}
-@itemx -d @var{directory}
-Add @var{directory} to the path to search for source files.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@item -m
-@itemx -mapped
-@emph{Warning: this option depends on operating system facilities that are not
-supported on all systems.}@*
-If memory-mapped files are available on your system through the @code{mmap}
-system call, you can use this option 
-to have @value{GDBN} write the symbols from your
-program into a reusable file in the current directory.  If the program you are debugging is
-called @file{/tmp/fred}, the mapped symbol file is @file{./fred.syms}.
-Future @value{GDBN} debugging sessions notice the presence of this file,
-and can quickly map in symbol information from it, rather than reading
-the symbol table from the executable program.
-
-@c FIXME! Really host, not target?
-The @file{.syms} file is specific to the host machine where @value{GDBN}
-is run.  It holds an exact image of the internal @value{GDBN} symbol
-table.  It cannot be shared across multiple host platforms.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item -r
-@itemx -readnow
-Read each symbol file's entire symbol table immediately, rather than
-the default, which is to read it incrementally as it is needed.
-This makes startup slower, but makes future operations faster.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-The @code{-mapped} and @code{-readnow} options are typically combined in
-order to build a @file{.syms} file that contains complete symbol
-information.  (@xref{Files,,Commands to specify files}, for information
-on @file{.syms} files.)  A simple GDB invocation to do nothing but build
-a @file{.syms} file for future use is:
-
-@example
-	gdb -batch -nx -mapped -readnow programname
-@end example
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Mode Options
-@subsection Choosing modes
-
-You can run @value{GDBN} in various alternative modes---for example, in
-batch mode or quiet mode.
-
-@table @code
-@item -nx
-@itemx -n
-Do not execute commands from any initialization files (normally called
-@file{@value{GDBINIT}}).  Normally, the commands in these files are
-executed after all the command options and arguments have been
-processed.  @xref{Command Files,,Command files}.
-
-@item -quiet
-@itemx -q
-``Quiet''.  Do not print the introductory and copyright messages.  These
-messages are also suppressed in batch mode.
-
-@item -batch
-Run in batch mode.  Exit with status @code{0} after processing all the
-command files specified with @samp{-x} (and all commands from
-initialization files, if not inhibited with @samp{-n}).  Exit with
-nonzero status if an error occurs in executing the @value{GDBN} commands
-in the command files.
-
-Batch mode may be useful for running @value{GDBN} as a filter, for example to
-download and run a program on another computer; in order to make this
-more useful, the message
-
-@example
-Program exited normally.
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-(which is ordinarily issued whenever a program running under @value{GDBN} control
-terminates) is not issued when running in batch mode.
-
-@item -cd @var{directory}
-Run @value{GDBN} using @var{directory} as its working directory,
-instead of the current directory.
-
-@ifset LUCID
-@item -context @var{authentication}
-When the Energize programming system starts up @value{GDBN}, it uses this
-option to trigger an alternate mode of interaction.
-@var{authentication} is a pair of numeric codes that identify @value{GDBN}
-as a client in the Energize environment.  Avoid this option when you run
-@value{GDBN} directly from the command line.  See @ref{Energize,,Using
-@value{GDBN} with Energize} for more discussion of using @value{GDBN} with Energize.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-@item -fullname
-@itemx -f
-Emacs sets this option when it runs @value{GDBN} as a subprocess.  It tells @value{GDBN}
-to output the full file name and line number in a standard,
-recognizable fashion each time a stack frame is displayed (which
-includes each time your program stops).  This recognizable format looks
-like two @samp{\032} characters, followed by the file name, line number
-and character position separated by colons, and a newline.  The
-Emacs-to-@value{GDBN} interface program uses the two @samp{\032} characters as
-a signal to display the source code for the frame.
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset SERIAL
-@item -b @var{bps}
-Set the line speed (baud rate or bits per second) of any serial
-interface used by @value{GDBN} for remote debugging.
-
-@item -tty @var{device}
-Run using @var{device} for your program's standard input and output.
-@c FIXME: kingdon thinks there is more to -tty.  Investigate.
-@end ifset
-@end table
-
-@node Quitting GDB
-@section Quitting @value{GDBN}
-@cindex exiting @value{GDBN}
-@cindex leaving @value{GDBN}
-
-@table @code
-@item quit
-@kindex quit
-@kindex q
-To exit @value{GDBN}, use the @code{quit} command (abbreviated @code{q}), or type
-an end-of-file character (usually @kbd{C-d}).
-@end table
-
-@cindex interrupt
-An interrupt (often @kbd{C-c}) does not exit from @value{GDBN}, but rather
-terminates the action of any @value{GDBN} command that is in progress and
-returns to @value{GDBN} command level.  It is safe to type the interrupt
-character at any time because @value{GDBN} does not allow it to take effect
-until a time when it is safe.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-If you have been using @value{GDBN} to control an attached process or
-device, you can release it with the @code{detach} command
-(@pxref{Attach, ,Debugging an already-running process}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Shell Commands
-@section Shell commands
-
-If you need to execute occasional shell commands during your
-debugging session, there is no need to leave or suspend @value{GDBN}; you can
-just use the @code{shell} command.
-
-@table @code
-@item shell @var{command string}
-@kindex shell
-@cindex shell escape
-Invoke a the standard shell to execute @var{command string}.
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-If it exists, the environment variable @code{SHELL} determines which
-shell to run.  Otherwise @value{GDBN} uses @code{/bin/sh}.
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-The utility @code{make} is often needed in development environments.
-You do not have to use the @code{shell} command for this purpose in
-@value{GDBN}:
-
-@table @code
-@item make @var{make-args}
-@kindex make
-@cindex calling make
-Execute the @code{make} program with the specified
-arguments.  This is equivalent to @samp{shell make @var{make-args}}.
-@end table
-
-@node Commands
-@chapter @value{GDBN} Commands
-
-You can abbreviate a @value{GDBN} command to the first few letters of the command
-name, if that abbreviation is unambiguous; and you can repeat certain
-@value{GDBN} commands by typing just @key{RET}.  You can also use the @key{TAB}
-key to get @value{GDBN} to fill out the rest of a word in a command (or to
-show you the alternatives available, if there is more than one possibility).
-
-@menu
-* Command Syntax::              How to give commands to @value{GDBN}
-* Completion::                  Command completion
-* Help::                        How to ask @value{GDBN} for help
-@end menu
-
-@node Command Syntax
-@section Command syntax
-
-A @value{GDBN} command is a single line of input.  There is no limit on
-how long it can be.  It starts with a command name, which is followed by
-arguments whose meaning depends on the command name.  For example, the
-command @code{step} accepts an argument which is the number of times to
-step, as in @samp{step 5}.  You can also use the @code{step} command
-with no arguments.  Some command names do not allow any arguments.
-
-@cindex abbreviation
-@value{GDBN} command names may always be truncated if that abbreviation is
-unambiguous.  Other possible command abbreviations are listed in the
-documentation for individual commands.  In some cases, even ambiguous
-abbreviations are allowed; for example, @code{s} is specially defined as
-equivalent to @code{step} even though there are other commands whose
-names start with @code{s}.  You can test abbreviations by using them as
-arguments to the @code{help} command.
-
-@cindex repeating commands
-@kindex RET
-A blank line as input to @value{GDBN} (typing just @key{RET}) means to
-repeat the previous command. Certain commands (for example, @code{run})
-will not repeat this way; these are commands whose unintentional
-repetition might cause trouble and which you are unlikely to want to
-repeat.
-
-The @code{list} and @code{x} commands, when you repeat them with
-@key{RET}, construct new arguments rather than repeating
-exactly as typed.  This permits easy scanning of source or memory.
-
-@value{GDBN} can also use @key{RET} in another way: to partition lengthy
-output, in a way similar to the common utility @code{more}
-(@pxref{Screen Size,,Screen size}).  Since it is easy to press one
-@key{RET} too many in this situation, @value{GDBN} disables command
-repetition after any command that generates this sort of display.
-
-@kindex #
-@cindex comment
-Any text from a @kbd{#} to the end of the line is a comment; it does
-nothing.  This is useful mainly in command files (@pxref{Command
-Files,,Command files}).
-
-@node Completion
-@section Command completion
-
-@cindex completion
-@cindex word completion
-@value{GDBN} can fill in the rest of a word in a command for you, if there is
-only one possibility; it can also show you what the valid possibilities
-are for the next word in a command, at any time.  This works for @value{GDBN}
-commands, @value{GDBN} subcommands, and the names of symbols in your program.
-
-Press the @key{TAB} key whenever you want @value{GDBN} to fill out the rest
-of a word.  If there is only one possibility, @value{GDBN} fills in the
-word, and waits for you to finish the command (or press @key{RET} to
-enter it).  For example, if you type
-
-@c FIXME "@key" does not distinguish its argument sufficiently to permit
-@c complete accuracy in these examples; space introduced for clarity.
-@c If texinfo enhancements make it unnecessary, it would be nice to
-@c replace " @key" by "@key" in the following...
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) info bre @key{TAB}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-@value{GDBN} fills in the rest of the word @samp{breakpoints}, since that is
-the only @code{info} subcommand beginning with @samp{bre}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) info breakpoints
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-You can either press @key{RET} at this point, to run the @code{info
-breakpoints} command, or backspace and enter something else, if
-@samp{breakpoints} does not look like the command you expected.  (If you
-were sure you wanted @code{info breakpoints} in the first place, you
-might as well just type @key{RET} immediately after @samp{info bre},
-to exploit command abbreviations rather than command completion).
-
-If there is more than one possibility for the next word when you press
-@key{TAB}, @value{GDBN} sounds a bell.  You can either supply more
-characters and try again, or just press @key{TAB} a second time;
-@value{GDBN} displays all the possible completions for that word.  For
-example, you might want to set a breakpoint on a subroutine whose name
-begins with @samp{make_}, but when you type @kbd{b make_@key{TAB}} @value{GDBN}
-just sounds the bell.  Typing @key{TAB} again displays all the
-function names in your program that begin with those characters, for
-example:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) b make_ @key{TAB}
-@exdent @value{GDBN} sounds bell; press @key{TAB} again, to see:
-make_a_section_from_file     make_environ               
-make_abs_section             make_function_type         
-make_blockvector             make_pointer_type          
-make_cleanup                 make_reference_type        
-make_command                 make_symbol_completion_list
-(@value{GDBP}) b make_
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-After displaying the available possibilities, @value{GDBN} copies your
-partial input (@samp{b make_} in the example) so you can finish the
-command.
-
-If you just want to see the list of alternatives in the first place, you
-can press @kbd{M-?} rather than pressing @key{TAB} twice. @kbd{M-?}
-means @kbd{@key{META} ?}.  You can type this
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-either by holding down a
-key designated as the @key{META} shift on your keyboard (if there is
-one) while typing @kbd{?}, or
-@end ifclear
-as @key{ESC} followed by @kbd{?}.
-
-@cindex quotes in commands
-@cindex completion of quoted strings
-Sometimes the string you need, while logically a ``word'', may contain
-parentheses or other characters that @value{GDBN} normally excludes from its
-notion of a word.  To permit word completion to work in this situation,
-you may enclose words in @code{'} (single quote marks) in @value{GDBN} commands.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-The most likely situation where you might need this is in typing the
-name of a C++ function.  This is because C++ allows function overloading
-(multiple definitions of the same function, distinguished by argument
-type).  For example, when you want to set a breakpoint you may need to
-distinguish whether you mean the version of @code{name} that takes an
-@code{int} parameter, @code{name(int)}, or the version that takes a
-@code{float} parameter, @code{name(float)}.  To use the word-completion
-facilities in this situation, type a single quote @code{'} at the
-beginning of the function name.  This alerts @value{GDBN} that it may need to
-consider more information than usual when you press @key{TAB} or
-@kbd{M-?} to request word completion:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) b 'bubble( @key{M-?}
-bubble(double,double)    bubble(int,int)
-(@value{GDBP}) b 'bubble(
-@end example
-
-In some cases, @value{GDBN} can tell that completing a name requires using
-quotes.  When this happens, @value{GDBN} inserts the quote for you (while
-completing as much as it can) if you do not type the quote in the first
-place:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) b bub @key{TAB}
-@exdent @value{GDBN} alters your input line to the following, and rings a bell:
-(@value{GDBP}) b 'bubble(
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-In general, @value{GDBN} can tell that a quote is needed (and inserts it) if
-you have not yet started typing the argument list when you ask for
-completion on an overloaded symbol.
-@end ifclear
-
-
-@node Help
-@section Getting help
-@cindex online documentation
-@kindex help
-
-You can always ask @value{GDBN} itself for information on its commands, using the
-command @code{help}.
-
-@table @code
-@item help
-@itemx h
-@kindex h
-You can use @code{help} (abbreviated @code{h}) with no arguments to
-display a short list of named classes of commands:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) help
-List of classes of commands:
-
-running -- Running the program
-stack -- Examining the stack
-data -- Examining data
-breakpoints -- Making program stop at certain points
-files -- Specifying and examining files
-status -- Status inquiries
-support -- Support facilities
-user-defined -- User-defined commands
-aliases -- Aliases of other commands
-obscure -- Obscure features
-
-Type "help" followed by a class name for a list of 
-commands in that class.
-Type "help" followed by command name for full 
-documentation.
-Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end smallexample
-
-@item help @var{class}
-Using one of the general help classes as an argument, you can get a
-list of the individual commands in that class.  For example, here is the
-help display for the class @code{status}:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) help status
-Status inquiries.
-
-List of commands:
-
-@c Line break in "show" line falsifies real output, but needed
-@c to fit in smallbook page size.
-show -- Generic command for showing things set
- with "set"
-info -- Generic command for printing status
-
-Type "help" followed by command name for full 
-documentation.
-Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end smallexample
-
-@item help @var{command}
-With a command name as @code{help} argument, @value{GDBN} displays a
-short paragraph on how to use that command.
-@end table
-
-In addition to @code{help}, you can use the @value{GDBN} commands @code{info}
-and @code{show} to inquire about the state of your program, or the state
-of @value{GDBN} itself.  Each command supports many topics of inquiry; this
-manual introduces each of them in the appropriate context.  The listings
-under @code{info} and under @code{show} in the Index point to
-all the sub-commands.  @xref{Index}.
-
-@c @group
-@table @code
-@item info
-@kindex info
-@kindex i
-This command (abbreviated @code{i}) is for describing the state of your
-program.  For example, you can list the arguments given to your program
-with @code{info args}, list the registers currently in use with @code{info
-registers}, or list the breakpoints you have set with @code{info breakpoints}.
-You can get a complete list of the @code{info} sub-commands with
-@w{@code{help info}}.
-
-@kindex show
-@item show
-In contrast, @code{show} is for describing the state of @value{GDBN} itself.
-You can change most of the things you can @code{show}, by using the
-related command @code{set}; for example, you can control what number
-system is used for displays with @code{set radix}, or simply inquire
-which is currently in use with @code{show radix}.
-
-@kindex info set
-To display all the settable parameters and their current
-values, you can use @code{show} with no arguments; you may also use
-@code{info set}.  Both commands produce the same display.
-@c FIXME: "info set" violates the rule that "info" is for state of
-@c FIXME...program.  Ck w/ GNU: "info set" to be called something else,
-@c FIXME...or change desc of rule---eg "state of prog and debugging session"?
-@end table
-@c @end group
-
-Here are three miscellaneous @code{show} subcommands, all of which are
-exceptional in lacking corresponding @code{set} commands:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex show version
-@cindex version number
-@item show version
-Show what version of @value{GDBN} is running.  You should include this
-information in @value{GDBN} bug-reports.  If multiple versions of @value{GDBN} are in
-use at your site, you may occasionally want to determine which version
-of @value{GDBN} you are running; as @value{GDBN} evolves, new commands are introduced,
-and old ones may wither away.  The version number is also announced
-when you start @value{GDBN}.
-
-@kindex show copying
-@item show copying
-Display information about permission for copying @value{GDBN}.
-
-@kindex show warranty
-@item show warranty
-Display the GNU ``NO WARRANTY'' statement.
-@end table
-
-@node Running
-@chapter Running Programs Under @value{GDBN}
-
-When you run a program under @value{GDBN}, you must first generate
-debugging information when you compile it.
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-You may start it with its arguments, if any, in an environment of your
-choice.  You may redirect your program's input and output, debug an
-already running process, or kill a child process.
-@end ifclear
-
-@menu
-* Compilation::                 Compiling for debugging
-* Starting::                    Starting your program
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Arguments::                   Your program's arguments
-* Environment::                 Your program's environment
-* Working Directory::           Your program's working directory
-* Input/Output::                Your program's input and output
-* Attach::                      Debugging an already-running process
-* Kill Process::                Killing the child process
-* Process Information::         Additional process information
-* Threads::			Debugging programs with multiple threads
-@end ifclear
-@end menu
-
-@node Compilation
-@section Compiling for debugging
-
-In order to debug a program effectively, you need to generate
-debugging information when you compile it.  This debugging information
-is stored in the object file; it describes the data type of each
-variable or function and the correspondence between source line numbers
-and addresses in the executable code.
-
-To request debugging information, specify the @samp{-g} option when you run
-the compiler.
-
-Many C compilers are unable to handle the @samp{-g} and @samp{-O}
-options together.  Using those compilers, you cannot generate optimized
-executables containing debugging information.
-
-@value{NGCC}, the GNU C compiler, supports @samp{-g} with or without
-@samp{-O}, making it possible to debug optimized code.  We recommend
-that you @emph{always} use @samp{-g} whenever you compile a program.
-You may think your program is correct, but there is no sense in pushing
-your luck.
-
-@cindex optimized code, debugging
-@cindex debugging optimized code
-When you debug a program compiled with @samp{-g -O}, remember that the
-optimizer is rearranging your code; the debugger shows you what is
-really there.  Do not be too surprised when the execution path does not
-exactly match your source file!  An extreme example: if you define a
-variable, but never use it, @value{GDBN} never sees that
-variable---because the compiler optimizes it out of existence.
-
-Some things do not work as well with @samp{-g -O} as with just
-@samp{-g}, particularly on machines with instruction scheduling.  If in
-doubt, recompile with @samp{-g} alone, and if this fixes the problem,
-please report it as a bug (including a test case!).
-
-Older versions of the GNU C compiler permitted a variant option
-@w{@samp{-gg}} for debugging information.  @value{GDBN} no longer supports this
-format; if your GNU C compiler has this option, do not use it.
-
-@need 2000
-@node Starting
-@section Starting your program
-@cindex starting
-@cindex running
-
-@table @code
-@item run
-@itemx r
-@kindex run
-Use the @code{run} command to start your program under @value{GDBN}.  You must
-first specify the program name
-@ifset VXWORKS
-(except on VxWorks)
-@end ifset
-with an argument to @value{GDBN} (@pxref{Invocation, ,Getting In and
-Out of @value{GDBN}}), or by using the @code{file} or @code{exec-file}
-command (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}).
-
-@end table
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-If you are running your program in an execution environment that
-supports processes, @code{run} creates an inferior process and makes
-that process run your program.  (In environments without processes,
-@code{run} jumps to the start of your program.)
-
-The execution of a program is affected by certain information it
-receives from its superior.  @value{GDBN} provides ways to specify this
-information, which you must do @emph{before} starting your program.  (You
-can change it after starting your program, but such changes only affect
-your program the next time you start it.)  This information may be
-divided into four categories:
-
-@table @asis
-@item The @emph{arguments.}
-Specify the arguments to give your program as the arguments of the
-@code{run} command.  If a shell is available on your target, the shell
-is used to pass the arguments, so that you may use normal conventions
-(such as wildcard expansion or variable substitution) in describing
-the arguments.  In Unix systems, you can control which shell is used
-with the @code{SHELL} environment variable. @xref{Arguments, ,Your
-program's arguments}.
-
-@item The @emph{environment.}
-Your program normally inherits its environment from @value{GDBN}, but you can
-use the @value{GDBN} commands @code{set environment} and @code{unset
-environment} to change parts of the environment that affect
-your program.  @xref{Environment, ,Your program's environment}.
-
-@item The @emph{working directory.}
-Your program inherits its working directory from @value{GDBN}.  You can set
-the @value{GDBN} working directory with the @code{cd} command in @value{GDBN}.
-@xref{Working Directory, ,Your program's working directory}.
-
-@item The @emph{standard input and output.}
-Your program normally uses the same device for standard input and
-standard output as @value{GDBN} is using.  You can redirect input and output
-in the @code{run} command line, or you can use the @code{tty} command to
-set a different device for your program.
-@xref{Input/Output, ,Your program's input and output}.
-
-@cindex pipes
-@emph{Warning:} While input and output redirection work, you cannot use
-pipes to pass the output of the program you are debugging to another
-program; if you attempt this, @value{GDBN} is likely to wind up debugging the
-wrong program.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-When you issue the @code{run} command, your program begins to execute
-immediately.  @xref{Stopping, ,Stopping and continuing}, for discussion
-of how to arrange for your program to stop.  Once your program has
-stopped, you may call functions in your program, using the @code{print}
-or @code{call} commands.  @xref{Data, ,Examining Data}.
-
-If the modification time of your symbol file has changed since the last
-time @value{GDBN} read its symbols, @value{GDBN} discards its symbol
-table, and reads it again.  When it does this, @value{GDBN} tries to retain
-your current breakpoints.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@node Arguments
-@section Your program's arguments
-
-@cindex arguments (to your program)
-The arguments to your program can be specified by the arguments of the
-@code{run} command.  They are passed to a shell, which expands wildcard
-characters and performs redirection of I/O, and thence to your program.
-Your @code{SHELL} environment variable (if it exists) specifies what
-shell @value{GDBN} uses.  If you do not define @code{SHELL},
-@value{GDBN} uses @code{/bin/sh}.
-
-@code{run} with no arguments uses the same arguments used by the previous
-@code{run}, or those set by the @code{set args} command.
-
-@kindex set args
-@table @code
-@item set args
-Specify the arguments to be used the next time your program is run.  If
-@code{set args} has no arguments, @code{run} executes your program
-with no arguments.  Once you have run your program with arguments,
-using @code{set args} before the next @code{run} is the only way to run
-it again without arguments.
-
-@item show args
-@kindex show args
-Show the arguments to give your program when it is started.
-@end table
-
-@node Environment
-@section Your program's environment
-
-@cindex environment (of your program)
-The @dfn{environment} consists of a set of environment variables and
-their values.  Environment variables conventionally record such things as
-your user name, your home directory, your terminal type, and your search
-path for programs to run.  Usually you set up environment variables with
-the shell and they are inherited by all the other programs you run.  When
-debugging, it can be useful to try running your program with a modified
-environment without having to start @value{GDBN} over again.
-
-@table @code
-@item path @var{directory}
-@kindex path
-Add @var{directory} to the front of the @code{PATH} environment variable
-(the search path for executables), for both @value{GDBN} and your program.
-You may specify several directory names, separated by @samp{:} or
-whitespace.  If @var{directory} is already in the path, it is moved to
-the front, so it is searched sooner.
-
-You can use the string @samp{$cwd} to refer to whatever is the current
-working directory at the time @value{GDBN} searches the path.  If you
-use @samp{.} instead, it refers to the directory where you executed the
-@code{path} command.  @value{GDBN} replaces @samp{.} in the
-@var{directory} argument (with the current path) before adding
-@var{directory} to the search path.
-@c 'path' is explicitly nonrepeatable, but RMS points out it is silly to
-@c document that, since repeating it would be a no-op.
-
-@item show paths
-@kindex show paths
-Display the list of search paths for executables (the @code{PATH}
-environment variable).
-
-@item show environment @r{[}@var{varname}@r{]}
-@kindex show environment
-Print the value of environment variable @var{varname} to be given to
-your program when it starts.  If you do not supply @var{varname},
-print the names and values of all environment variables to be given to
-your program.  You can abbreviate @code{environment} as @code{env}.
-
-@item set environment @var{varname} @r{[}=@r{]} @var{value}
-@kindex set environment
-Set environment variable @var{varname} to @var{value}.  The value
-changes for your program only, not for @value{GDBN} itself.  @var{value} may
-be any string; the values of environment variables are just strings, and
-any interpretation is supplied by your program itself.  The @var{value}
-parameter is optional; if it is eliminated, the variable is set to a
-null value.
-@c "any string" here does not include leading, trailing
-@c blanks. Gnu asks: does anyone care?
-
-For example, this command:
-
-@example
-set env USER = foo
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-tells a Unix program, when subsequently run, that its user is named
-@samp{foo}.  (The spaces around @samp{=} are used for clarity here; they
-are not actually required.)
-
-@item unset environment @var{varname}
-@kindex unset environment
-Remove variable @var{varname} from the environment to be passed to your
-program.  This is different from @samp{set env @var{varname} =};
-@code{unset environment} removes the variable from the environment,
-rather than assigning it an empty value.
-@end table
-
-@emph{Warning:} @value{GDBN} runs your program using the shell indicated
-by your @code{SHELL} environment variable if it exists (or
-@code{/bin/sh} if not).  If your @code{SHELL} variable names a shell
-that runs an initialization file---such as @file{.cshrc} for C-shell, or
-@file{.bashrc} for BASH---any variables you set in that file affect
-your program.  You may wish to move setting of environment variables to
-files that are only run when you sign on, such as @file{.login} or
-@file{.profile}.
-
-@node Working Directory
-@section Your program's working directory
-
-@cindex working directory (of your program)
-Each time you start your program with @code{run}, it inherits its
-working directory from the current working directory of @value{GDBN}.
-The @value{GDBN} working directory is initially whatever it inherited
-from its parent process (typically the shell), but you can specify a new
-working directory in @value{GDBN} with the @code{cd} command.
-
-The @value{GDBN} working directory also serves as a default for the commands
-that specify files for @value{GDBN} to operate on.  @xref{Files, ,Commands to
-specify files}.
-
-@table @code
-@item cd @var{directory}
-@kindex cd
-Set the @value{GDBN} working directory to @var{directory}.
-
-@item pwd
-@kindex pwd
-Print the @value{GDBN} working directory.
-@end table
-
-@node Input/Output
-@section Your program's input and output
-
-@cindex redirection
-@cindex i/o
-@cindex terminal
-By default, the program you run under @value{GDBN} does input and output to
-the same terminal that @value{GDBN} uses.  @value{GDBN} switches the terminal to
-its own terminal modes to interact with you, but it records the terminal
-modes your program was using and switches back to them when you continue
-running your program.
-
-@table @code
-@item info terminal
-@kindex info terminal
-Displays information recorded by @value{GDBN} about the terminal modes your
-program is using.
-@end table
-
-You can redirect your program's input and/or output using shell
-redirection with the @code{run} command.  For example,
-
-@example
-run > outfile
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-starts your program, diverting its output to the file @file{outfile}.
-
-@kindex tty
-@cindex controlling terminal
-Another way to specify where your program should do input and output is
-with the @code{tty} command.  This command accepts a file name as
-argument, and causes this file to be the default for future @code{run}
-commands.  It also resets the controlling terminal for the child
-process, for future @code{run} commands.  For example,
-
-@example
-tty /dev/ttyb
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-directs that processes started with subsequent @code{run} commands
-default to do input and output on the terminal @file{/dev/ttyb} and have
-that as their controlling terminal.
-
-An explicit redirection in @code{run} overrides the @code{tty} command's
-effect on the input/output device, but not its effect on the controlling
-terminal.
-
-When you use the @code{tty} command or redirect input in the @code{run}
-command, only the input @emph{for your program} is affected.  The input
-for @value{GDBN} still comes from your terminal.
-
-@node Attach
-@section Debugging an already-running process
-@kindex attach
-@cindex attach
-
-@table @code
-@item attach @var{process-id}
-This command attaches to a running process---one that was started
-outside @value{GDBN}.  (@code{info files} shows your active
-targets.)  The command takes as argument a process ID.  The usual way to
-find out the process-id of a Unix process is with the @code{ps} utility,
-or with the @samp{jobs -l} shell command.
-
-@code{attach} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} a second time after
-executing the command.
-@end table
-
-To use @code{attach}, your program must be running in an environment
-which supports processes; for example, @code{attach} does not work for
-programs on bare-board targets that lack an operating system.  You must
-also have permission to send the process a signal.
-
-When using @code{attach}, you should first use the @code{file} command
-to specify the program running in the process and load its symbol table.
-@xref{Files, ,Commands to Specify Files}.
-
-The first thing @value{GDBN} does after arranging to debug the specified
-process is to stop it.  You can examine and modify an attached process
-with all the @value{GDBN} commands that are ordinarily available when you start
-processes with @code{run}.  You can insert breakpoints; you can step and
-continue; you can modify storage.  If you would rather the process
-continue running, you may use the @code{continue} command after
-attaching @value{GDBN} to the process.
-
-@table @code
-@item detach
-@kindex detach
-When you have finished debugging the attached process, you can use the
-@code{detach} command to release it from @value{GDBN} control.  Detaching
-the process continues its execution.  After the @code{detach} command,
-that process and @value{GDBN} become completely independent once more, and you
-are ready to @code{attach} another process or start one with @code{run}.
-@code{detach} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after
-executing the command.
-@end table
-
-If you exit @value{GDBN} or use the @code{run} command while you have an
-attached process, you kill that process.  By default, @value{GDBN} asks
-for confirmation if you try to do either of these things; you can
-control whether or not you need to confirm by using the @code{set
-confirm} command (@pxref{Messages/Warnings, ,Optional warnings and
-messages}).
-
-@node Kill Process
-@c @group
-@section Killing the child process
-
-@table @code
-@item kill
-@kindex kill
-Kill the child process in which your program is running under @value{GDBN}.
-@end table
-
-This command is useful if you wish to debug a core dump instead of a
-running process.  @value{GDBN} ignores any core dump file while your program
-is running.
-@c @end group
-
-On some operating systems, a program cannot be executed outside @value{GDBN}
-while you have breakpoints set on it inside @value{GDBN}.  You can use the
-@code{kill} command in this situation to permit running your program
-outside the debugger.
-
-The @code{kill} command is also useful if you wish to recompile and
-relink your program, since on many systems it is impossible to modify an
-executable file while it is running in a process.  In this case, when you
-next type @code{run}, @value{GDBN} notices that the file has changed, and
-reads the symbol table again (while trying to preserve your current
-breakpoint settings).
-
-@node Process Information
-@section Additional process information
-
-@kindex /proc
-@cindex process image
-Some operating systems provide a facility called @samp{/proc} that can
-be used to examine the image of a running process using file-system
-subroutines.  If @value{GDBN} is configured for an operating system with this
-facility, the command @code{info proc} is available to report on several
-kinds of information about the process running your program.
-
-@table @code
-@item info proc
-@kindex info proc
-Summarize available information about the process.
-
-@item info proc mappings
-@kindex info proc mappings
-Report on the address ranges accessible in the program, with information
-on whether your program may read, write, or execute each range.
-
-@item info proc times
-@kindex info proc times
-Starting time, user CPU time, and system CPU time for your program and
-its children.
-
-@item info proc id
-@kindex info proc id
-Report on the process IDs related to your program: its own process ID,
-the ID of its parent, the process group ID, and the session ID.
-
-@item info proc status
-@kindex info proc status
-General information on the state of the process.  If the process is
-stopped, this report includes the reason for stopping, and any signal
-received.
-
-@item info proc all
-Show all the above information about the process.
-@end table
-
-@node Threads
-@section Debugging programs with multiple threads
-
-@cindex threads of execution
-@cindex multiple threads
-@cindex switching threads
-In some operating systems, a single program may have more than one
-@dfn{thread} of execution.  The precise semantics of threads differ from
-one operating system to another, but in general the threads of a single
-program are akin to multiple processes---except that they share one
-address space (that is, they can all examine and modify the same
-variables).  On the other hand, each thread has its own registers and
-execution stack, and perhaps private memory.
-
-@value{GDBN} provides these facilities for debugging multi-thread
-programs:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item automatic notification of new threads
-@item @samp{thread @var{threadno}}, a command to switch among threads
-@item @samp{info threads}, a command to inquire about existing threads
-@item thread-specific breakpoints
-@end itemize
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} These facilities are not yet available on every
-@value{GDBN} configuration where the operating system supports threads.
-If your @value{GDBN} does not support threads, these commands have no
-effect.  For example, a system without thread support shows no output
-from @samp{info threads}, and always rejects the @code{thread} command,
-like this:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info threads
-(@value{GDBP}) thread 1
-Thread ID 1 not known.  Use the "info threads" command to
-see the IDs of currently known threads.
-@end smallexample
-@c FIXME to implementors: how hard would it be to say "sorry, this GDB
-@c                        doesn't support threads"?
-@end quotation
-
-@cindex focus of debugging
-@cindex current thread
-The @value{GDBN} thread debugging facility allows you to observe all
-threads while your program runs---but whenever @value{GDBN} takes
-control, one thread in particular is always the focus of debugging.
-This thread is called the @dfn{current thread}.  Debugging commands show
-program information from the perspective of the current thread.
-
-@kindex New @var{systag}
-@cindex thread identifier (system)
-@c FIXME-implementors!! It would be more helpful if the [New...] message
-@c included GDB's numeric thread handle, so you could just go to that
-@c thread without first checking `info threads'.
-Whenever @value{GDBN} detects a new thread in your program, it displays
-the target system's identification for the thread with a message in the
-form @samp{[New @var{systag}]}.  @var{systag} is a thread identifier
-whose form varies depending on the particular system.  For example, on
-LynxOS, you might see
-
-@example
-[New process 35 thread 27]
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-when @value{GDBN} notices a new thread.  In contrast, on an SGI system,
-the @var{systag} is simply something like @samp{process 368}, with no
-further qualifier.
-
-@c FIXME!! (1) Does the [New...] message appear even for the very first
-@c         thread of a program, or does it only appear for the
-@c         second---i.e., when it becomes obvious we have a multithread
-@c         program?
-@c         (2) *Is* there necessarily a first thread always?  Or do some
-@c         multithread systems permit starting a program with multiple
-@c         threads ab initio?      
-
-@cindex thread number
-@cindex thread identifier (GDB)
-For debugging purposes, @value{GDBN} associates its own thread
-number---always a single integer---with each thread in your program.
-
-@table @code
-@item info threads
-@kindex info threads
-Display a summary of all threads currently in your
-program.  @value{GDBN} displays for each thread (in this order):
-
-@enumerate
-@item the thread number assigned by @value{GDBN}
-
-@item the target system's thread identifier (@var{systag})
-
-@item the current stack frame summary for that thread
-@end enumerate
-
-@noindent
-An asterisk @samp{*} to the left of the @value{GDBN} thread number
-indicates the current thread.
-
-For example, 
-@end table
-@c end table here to get a little more width for example
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info threads
-  3 process 35 thread 27  0x34e5 in sigpause ()
-  2 process 35 thread 23  0x34e5 in sigpause ()
-* 1 process 35 thread 13  main (argc=1, argv=0x7ffffff8)
-    at threadtest.c:68
-@end smallexample
-
-@table @code
-@item thread @var{threadno}
-@kindex thread @var{threadno}
-Make thread number @var{threadno} the current thread.  The command
-argument @var{threadno} is the internal @value{GDBN} thread number, as
-shown in the first field of the @samp{info threads} display.
-@value{GDBN} responds by displaying the system identifier of the thread
-you selected, and its current stack frame summary:
-
-@smallexample
-@c FIXME!! This example made up; find a GDB w/threads and get real one
-(@value{GDBP}) thread 2
-[Switching to process 35 thread 23]
-0x34e5 in sigpause ()
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-As with the @samp{[New @dots{}]} message, the form of the text after
-@samp{Switching to} depends on your system's conventions for identifying
-threads.  
-@end table
-
-@cindex automatic thread selection
-@cindex switching threads automatically
-@cindex threads, automatic switching
-Whenever @value{GDBN} stops your program, due to a breakpoint or a
-signal, it automatically selects the thread where that breakpoint or
-signal happened.  @value{GDBN} alerts you to the context switch with a
-message of the form @samp{[Switching to @var{systag}]} to identify the
-thread.
-
-@xref{Thread Stops,,Stopping and starting multi-thread programs}, for
-more information about how @value{GDBN} behaves when you stop and start
-programs with multiple threads.
-
-@xref{Set Watchpoints,,Setting watchpoints}, for information about
-watchpoints in programs with multiple threads.
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Stopping
-@chapter Stopping and Continuing
-
-The principal purposes of using a debugger are so that you can stop your
-program before it terminates; or so that, if your program runs into
-trouble, you can investigate and find out why.
-
-Inside @value{GDBN}, your program may stop for any of several reasons, such
-as
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-a signal,
-@end ifclear
-a breakpoint, or reaching a new line after a @value{GDBN}
-command such as @code{step}.  You may then examine and change
-variables, set new breakpoints or remove old ones, and then continue
-execution.  Usually, the messages shown by @value{GDBN} provide ample
-explanation of the status of your program---but you can also explicitly
-request this information at any time.
-
-@table @code
-@item info program
-@kindex info program
-Display information about the status of your program: whether it is
-running or not,
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-what process it is,
-@end ifclear
-and why it stopped.
-@end table
-
-@menu
-@ifclear CONLY
-* Breakpoints::                 Breakpoints, watchpoints, and exceptions
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-* Breakpoints::                 Breakpoints and watchpoints
-@end ifset
-@c Remnant makeinfo bug requires blank line after *successful* end-if in menu:
-
-* Continuing and Stepping::     Resuming execution
-@ifset POSIX
-* Signals::                     Signals
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Thread Stops::		Stopping and starting multi-thread programs
-@end ifclear
-@end menu
-
-@c makeinfo node-defaulting requires adjacency of @node and sectioning cmds
-@c ...hence distribute @node Breakpoints over two possible @if expansions.
-@c
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Breakpoints
-@section Breakpoints, watchpoints, and exceptions
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-@node Breakpoints
-@section Breakpoints and watchpoints
-@end ifset
-
-@cindex breakpoints
-A @dfn{breakpoint} makes your program stop whenever a certain point in
-the program is reached.  For each breakpoint, you can add
-conditions to control in finer detail whether your program stops.
-You can set breakpoints with the @code{break} command and its variants
-(@pxref{Set Breaks, ,Setting breakpoints}), to specify the place where
-your program should stop by line number, function name or exact address
-in the program.  
-@ifclear CONLY
-In languages with exception handling (such as GNU C++), you can also set
-breakpoints where an exception is raised (@pxref{Exception Handling,,
-Breakpoints and exceptions}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex watchpoints
-@cindex memory tracing
-@cindex breakpoint on memory address
-@cindex breakpoint on variable modification
-A @dfn{watchpoint} is a special breakpoint that stops your program
-when the value of an expression changes.  You must use a different
-command to set watchpoints (@pxref{Set Watchpoints, ,Setting
-watchpoints}), but aside from that, you can manage a watchpoint like
-any other breakpoint: you enable, disable, and delete both breakpoints
-and watchpoints using the same commands.
-
-You can arrange to have values from your program displayed automatically
-whenever @value{GDBN} stops at a breakpoint.  @xref{Auto Display,,
-Automatic display}.
-
-@cindex breakpoint numbers
-@cindex numbers for breakpoints
-@value{GDBN} assigns a number to each breakpoint or watchpoint when you
-create it; these numbers are successive integers starting with one.  In
-many of the commands for controlling various features of breakpoints you
-use the breakpoint number to say which breakpoint you want to change.
-Each breakpoint may be @dfn{enabled} or @dfn{disabled}; if disabled, it has
-no effect on your program until you enable it again.
-
-@menu
-* Set Breaks::                  Setting breakpoints
-* Set Watchpoints::             Setting watchpoints
-@ifclear CONLY
-* Exception Handling::          Breakpoints and exceptions
-@end ifclear
-
-* Delete Breaks::               Deleting breakpoints
-* Disabling::                   Disabling breakpoints
-* Conditions::                  Break conditions
-* Break Commands::              Breakpoint command lists
-@ifclear CONLY
-* Breakpoint Menus::            Breakpoint menus
-@end ifclear
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Error in Breakpoints::        ``Cannot insert breakpoints''
-@end ifclear
-@end menu
-
-@node Set Breaks
-@subsection Setting breakpoints
-
-@c FIXME LMB what does GDB do if no code on line of breakpt?  
-@c       consider in particular declaration with/without initialization.
-@c
-@c FIXME 2 is there stuff on this already? break at fun start, already init?
-
-@kindex break
-@kindex b
-@kindex $bpnum
-@cindex latest breakpoint
-Breakpoints are set with the @code{break} command (abbreviated
-@code{b}).  The debugger convenience variable @samp{$bpnum} records the 
-number of the beakpoint you've set most recently; see @ref{Convenience
-Vars,, Convenience variables}, for a discussion of what you can do with
-convenience variables.
-
-You have several ways to say where the breakpoint should go.
-
-@table @code
-@item break @var{function}
-Set a breakpoint at entry to function @var{function}.  
-@ifclear CONLY
-When using source languages that permit overloading of symbols, such as
-C++, @var{function} may refer to more than one possible place to break.
-@xref{Breakpoint Menus,,Breakpoint menus}, for a discussion of that situation.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item break +@var{offset}
-@itemx break -@var{offset}
-Set a breakpoint some number of lines forward or back from the position
-at which execution stopped in the currently selected frame.
-
-@item break @var{linenum}
-Set a breakpoint at line @var{linenum} in the current source file.
-That file is the last file whose source text was printed.  This
-breakpoint stops your program just before it executes any of the
-code on that line.
-
-@item break @var{filename}:@var{linenum}
-Set a breakpoint at line @var{linenum} in source file @var{filename}.
-
-@item break @var{filename}:@var{function}
-Set a breakpoint at entry to function @var{function} found in file
-@var{filename}.  Specifying a file name as well as a function name is
-superfluous except when multiple files contain similarly named
-functions.
-
-@item break *@var{address}
-Set a breakpoint at address @var{address}.  You can use this to set
-breakpoints in parts of your program which do not have debugging
-information or source files.
-
-@item break
-When called without any arguments, @code{break} sets a breakpoint at
-the next instruction to be executed in the selected stack frame
-(@pxref{Stack, ,Examining the Stack}).  In any selected frame but the
-innermost, this makes your program stop as soon as control
-returns to that frame.  This is similar to the effect of a
-@code{finish} command in the frame inside the selected frame---except
-that @code{finish} does not leave an active breakpoint.  If you use
-@code{break} without an argument in the innermost frame, @value{GDBN} stops
-the next time it reaches the current location; this may be useful
-inside loops.
-
-@value{GDBN} normally ignores breakpoints when it resumes execution, until at
-least one instruction has been executed.  If it did not do this, you
-would be unable to proceed past a breakpoint without first disabling the
-breakpoint.  This rule applies whether or not the breakpoint already
-existed when your program stopped.
-
-@item break @dots{} if @var{cond}
-Set a breakpoint with condition @var{cond}; evaluate the expression
-@var{cond} each time the breakpoint is reached, and stop only if the
-value is nonzero---that is, if @var{cond} evaluates as true.
-@samp{@dots{}} stands for one of the possible arguments described
-above (or no argument) specifying where to break.  @xref{Conditions,
-,Break conditions}, for more information on breakpoint conditions.
-
-@item tbreak @var{args}
-@kindex tbreak
-Set a breakpoint enabled only for one stop.  @var{args} are the
-same as for the @code{break} command, and the breakpoint is set in the same
-way, but the breakpoint is automatically deleted after the first time your
-program stops there.  @xref{Disabling, ,Disabling breakpoints}.
-
-@item rbreak @var{regex}
-@kindex rbreak
-@cindex regular expression
-@c FIXME what kind of regexp?
-Set breakpoints on all functions matching the regular expression
-@var{regex}.  This command
-sets an unconditional breakpoint on all matches, printing a list of all
-breakpoints it set.  Once these breakpoints are set, they are treated
-just like the breakpoints set with the @code{break} command.  You can
-delete them, disable them, or make them conditional the same way as any
-other breakpoint.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-When debugging C++ programs, @code{rbreak} is useful for setting
-breakpoints on overloaded functions that are not members of any special
-classes.
-@end ifclear
-
-@kindex info breakpoints
-@cindex @code{$_} and @code{info breakpoints}
-@item info breakpoints @r{[}@var{n}@r{]}
-@itemx info break @r{[}@var{n}@r{]}
-@itemx info watchpoints @r{[}@var{n}@r{]}
-Print a table of all breakpoints and watchpoints set and not
-deleted, with the following columns for each breakpoint:
-
-@table @emph
-@item Breakpoint Numbers
-@item Type
-Breakpoint or watchpoint.
-@item Disposition
-Whether the breakpoint is marked to be disabled or deleted when hit.
-@item Enabled or Disabled
-Enabled breakpoints are marked with @samp{y}.  @samp{n} marks breakpoints
-that are not enabled.
-@item Address
-Where the breakpoint is in your program, as a memory address
-@item What
-Where the breakpoint is in the source for your program, as a file and
-line number.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-If a breakpoint is conditional, @code{info break} shows the condition on
-the line following the affected breakpoint; breakpoint commands, if any,
-are listed after that.
-
-@noindent
-@code{info break} with a breakpoint
-number @var{n} as argument lists only that breakpoint.  The
-convenience variable @code{$_} and the default examining-address for
-the @code{x} command are set to the address of the last breakpoint
-listed (@pxref{Memory, ,Examining memory}).  
-@end table
-
-@value{GDBN} allows you to set any number of breakpoints at the same place in
-your program.  There is nothing silly or meaningless about this.  When
-the breakpoints are conditional, this is even useful
-(@pxref{Conditions, ,Break conditions}).
-
-@cindex negative breakpoint numbers
-@cindex internal @value{GDBN} breakpoints
-@value{GDBN} itself sometimes sets breakpoints in your program for special
-purposes, such as proper handling of @code{longjmp} (in C programs).
-These internal breakpoints are assigned negative numbers, starting with
-@code{-1}; @samp{info breakpoints} does not display them.
-
-You can see these breakpoints with the @value{GDBN} maintenance command
-@samp{maint info breakpoints}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex maint info breakpoints
-@item maint info breakpoints
-Using the same format as @samp{info breakpoints}, display both the
-breakpoints you've set explicitly, and those @value{GDBN} is using for
-internal purposes.  Internal breakpoints are shown with negative
-breakpoint numbers.  The type column identifies what kind of breakpoint
-is shown:
-
-@table @code
-@item breakpoint
-Normal, explicitly set breakpoint.
-
-@item watchpoint
-Normal, explicitly set watchpoint.
-
-@item longjmp
-Internal breakpoint, used to handle correctly stepping through
-@code{longjmp} calls.
-
-@item longjmp resume
-Internal breakpoint at the target of a @code{longjmp}.
-
-@item until
-Temporary internal breakpoint used by the @value{GDBN} @code{until} command.
-
-@item finish
-Temporary internal breakpoint used by the @value{GDBN} @code{finish} command.
-@end table
-
-@end table
-
-
-@node Set Watchpoints
-@subsection Setting watchpoints
-@cindex setting watchpoints
-
-You can use a watchpoint to stop execution whenever the value of an
-expression changes, without having to predict a particular place
-where this may happen.
-
-Watchpoints currently execute two orders of magnitude more slowly than
-other breakpoints, but this can be well worth it to catch errors where
-you have no clue what part of your program is the culprit.
-
-@ignore
-@c this "future releases" promise has been in too long, is getting
-@c embarrassing.  But...
-@c FIXME: in future updates, check whether hardware watchpoints in on any
-@c platforms yet.  As of 26jan94, they're very close on HPPA running
-@c Berkeley and on Irix 4.
-Some processors provide special hardware to support watchpoint
-evaluation; future releases of @value{GDBN} will use such hardware if it
-is available.
-@end ignore
-
-@table @code
-@kindex watch
-@item watch @var{expr}
-Set a watchpoint for an expression.
-
-@kindex info watchpoints
-@item info watchpoints
-This command prints a list of watchpoints and breakpoints; it is the
-same as @code{info break}.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@quotation
-@cindex watchpoints and threads
-@cindex threads and watchpoints
-@emph{Warning:} in multi-thread programs, watchpoints have only limited
-usefulness.  With the current watchpoint implementation, @value{GDBN}
-can only watch the value of an expression @emph{in a single thread}.  If
-you are confident that the expression can only change due to the current
-thread's activity (and if you are also confident that no other thread
-can become current), then you can use watchpoints as usual.  However,
-@value{GDBN} may not notice when a non-current thread's activity changes
-the expression.
-@end quotation
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Exception Handling
-@subsection Breakpoints and exceptions
-@cindex exception handlers
-
-Some languages, such as GNU C++, implement exception handling.  You can
-use @value{GDBN} to examine what caused your program to raise an exception,
-and to list the exceptions your program is prepared to handle at a
-given point in time.
-
-@table @code
-@item catch @var{exceptions}
-@kindex catch
-You can set breakpoints at active exception handlers by using the
-@code{catch} command.  @var{exceptions} is a list of names of exceptions
-to catch.
-@end table
-
-You can use @code{info catch} to list active exception handlers.
-@xref{Frame Info, ,Information about a frame}.
-
-There are currently some limitations to exception handling in @value{GDBN}:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-If you call a function interactively, @value{GDBN} normally returns
-control to you when the function has finished executing.  If the call
-raises an exception, however, the call may bypass the mechanism that
-returns control to you and cause your program to simply continue
-running until it hits a breakpoint, catches a signal that @value{GDBN} is
-listening for, or exits.
-
-@item
-You cannot raise an exception interactively.
-
-@item
-You cannot install an exception handler interactively.
-@end itemize
-
-@cindex raise exceptions
-Sometimes @code{catch} is not the best way to debug exception handling:
-if you need to know exactly where an exception is raised, it is better to
-stop @emph{before} the exception handler is called, since that way you
-can see the stack before any unwinding takes place.  If you set a
-breakpoint in an exception handler instead, it may not be easy to find
-out where the exception was raised.
-
-To stop just before an exception handler is called, you need some
-knowledge of the implementation.  In the case of GNU C++, exceptions are
-raised by calling a library function named @code{__raise_exception}
-which has the following ANSI C interface:
-
-@example
-    /* @var{addr} is where the exception identifier is stored.
-       ID is the exception identifier.  */
-    void __raise_exception (void **@var{addr}, void *@var{id});
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-To make the debugger catch all exceptions before any stack
-unwinding takes place, set a breakpoint on @code{__raise_exception}
-(@pxref{Breakpoints, ,Breakpoints; watchpoints; and exceptions}).
-
-With a conditional breakpoint (@pxref{Conditions, ,Break conditions})
-that depends on the value of @var{id}, you can stop your program when
-a specific exception is raised.  You can use multiple conditional
-breakpoints to stop your program when any of a number of exceptions are
-raised.
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Delete Breaks
-@subsection Deleting breakpoints
-
-@cindex clearing breakpoints, watchpoints
-@cindex deleting breakpoints, watchpoints
-It is often necessary to eliminate a breakpoint or watchpoint once it
-has done its job and you no longer want your program to stop there.  This
-is called @dfn{deleting} the breakpoint.  A breakpoint that has been
-deleted no longer exists; it is forgotten.
-
-With the @code{clear} command you can delete breakpoints according to
-where they are in your program.  With the @code{delete} command you can
-delete individual breakpoints or watchpoints by specifying their
-breakpoint numbers.
-
-It is not necessary to delete a breakpoint to proceed past it.  @value{GDBN}
-automatically ignores breakpoints on the first instruction to be executed
-when you continue execution without changing the execution address.
-
-@table @code
-@item clear
-@kindex clear
-Delete any breakpoints at the next instruction to be executed in the
-selected stack frame (@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}).  When
-the innermost frame is selected, this is a good way to delete a
-breakpoint where your program just stopped.
-
-@item clear @var{function}
-@itemx clear @var{filename}:@var{function}
-Delete any breakpoints set at entry to the function @var{function}.
-
-@item clear @var{linenum}
-@itemx clear @var{filename}:@var{linenum}
-Delete any breakpoints set at or within the code of the specified line.
-
-@item delete @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} @r{[}@var{bnums}@dots{}@r{]}
-@cindex delete breakpoints
-@kindex delete
-@kindex d
-Delete the breakpoints or watchpoints of the numbers specified as
-arguments.  If no argument is specified, delete all breakpoints (@value{GDBN}
-asks confirmation, unless you have @code{set confirm off}).  You
-can abbreviate this command as @code{d}.
-@end table
-
-@node Disabling
-@subsection Disabling breakpoints
-
-@cindex disabled breakpoints
-@cindex enabled breakpoints
-Rather than deleting a breakpoint or watchpoint, you might prefer to
-@dfn{disable} it.  This makes the breakpoint inoperative as if it had
-been deleted, but remembers the information on the breakpoint so that
-you can @dfn{enable} it again later.
-
-You disable and enable breakpoints and watchpoints with the
-@code{enable} and @code{disable} commands, optionally specifying one or
-more breakpoint numbers as arguments.  Use @code{info break} or
-@code{info watch} to print a list of breakpoints or watchpoints if you
-do not know which numbers to use.
-
-A breakpoint or watchpoint can have any of four different states of
-enablement:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Enabled.  The breakpoint stops your program.  A breakpoint set
-with the @code{break} command starts out in this state.
-@item
-Disabled.  The breakpoint has no effect on your program.
-@item
-Enabled once.  The breakpoint stops your program, but then becomes
-disabled.  A breakpoint set with the @code{tbreak} command starts out in
-this state.
-@item
-Enabled for deletion.  The breakpoint stops your program, but
-immediately after it does so it is deleted permanently.
-@end itemize
-
-You can use the following commands to enable or disable breakpoints and
-watchpoints:
-
-@table @code
-@item disable @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} @r{[}@var{bnums}@dots{}@r{]}
-@kindex disable breakpoints
-@kindex disable
-@kindex dis
-Disable the specified breakpoints---or all breakpoints, if none are
-listed.  A disabled breakpoint has no effect but is not forgotten.  All
-options such as ignore-counts, conditions and commands are remembered in
-case the breakpoint is enabled again later.  You may abbreviate
-@code{disable} as @code{dis}.
-
-@item enable @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} @r{[}@var{bnums}@dots{}@r{]}
-@kindex enable breakpoints
-@kindex enable
-Enable the specified breakpoints (or all defined breakpoints).  They
-become effective once again in stopping your program.
-
-@item enable @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} once @var{bnums}@dots{}
-Enable the specified breakpoints temporarily.  @value{GDBN} disables any
-of these breakpoints immediately after stopping your program.
-
-@item enable @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} delete @var{bnums}@dots{}
-Enable the specified breakpoints to work once, then die.  @value{GDBN}
-deletes any of these breakpoints as soon as your program stops there.
-@end table
-
-Save for a breakpoint set with @code{tbreak} (@pxref{Set Breaks,
-,Setting breakpoints}), breakpoints that you set are initially enabled;
-subsequently, they become disabled or enabled only when you use one of
-the commands above.  (The command @code{until} can set and delete a
-breakpoint of its own, but it does not change the state of your other
-breakpoints; see @ref{Continuing and Stepping, ,Continuing and
-stepping}.)
-
-@node Conditions
-@subsection Break conditions
-@cindex conditional breakpoints
-@cindex breakpoint conditions
-
-@c FIXME what is scope of break condition expr?  Context where wanted?
-@c      in particular for a watchpoint?  
-The simplest sort of breakpoint breaks every time your program reaches a
-specified place.  You can also specify a @dfn{condition} for a
-breakpoint.  A condition is just a Boolean expression in your
-programming language (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}).  A breakpoint with
-a condition evaluates the expression each time your program reaches it,
-and your program stops only if the condition is @emph{true}.
-
-This is the converse of using assertions for program validation; in that
-situation, you want to stop when the assertion is violated---that is,
-when the condition is false.  In C, if you want to test an assertion expressed
-by the condition @var{assert}, you should set the condition
-@samp{! @var{assert}} on the appropriate breakpoint.
-
-Conditions are also accepted for watchpoints; you may not need them,
-since a watchpoint is inspecting the value of an expression anyhow---but
-it might be simpler, say, to just set a watchpoint on a variable name,
-and specify a condition that tests whether the new value is an interesting
-one.
-
-Break conditions can have side effects, and may even call functions in
-your program.  This can be useful, for example, to activate functions
-that log program progress, or to use your own print functions to
-format special data structures. The effects are completely predictable
-unless there is another enabled breakpoint at the same address.  (In
-that case, @value{GDBN} might see the other breakpoint first and stop your
-program without checking the condition of this one.)  Note that
-breakpoint commands are usually more convenient and flexible for the
-purpose of performing side effects when a breakpoint is reached
-(@pxref{Break Commands, ,Breakpoint command lists}).
-
-Break conditions can be specified when a breakpoint is set, by using
-@samp{if} in the arguments to the @code{break} command.  @xref{Set
-Breaks, ,Setting breakpoints}.  They can also be changed at any time
-with the @code{condition} command.  The @code{watch} command does not
-recognize the @code{if} keyword; @code{condition} is the only way to
-impose a further condition on a watchpoint.
-
-@table @code
-@item condition @var{bnum} @var{expression}
-@kindex condition
-Specify @var{expression} as the break condition for breakpoint or
-watchpoint number @var{bnum}.  After you set a condition, breakpoint
-@var{bnum} stops your program only if the value of @var{expression} is
-true (nonzero, in C).  When you use @code{condition}, @value{GDBN}
-checks @var{expression} immediately for syntactic correctness, and to
-determine whether symbols in it have referents in the context of your
-breakpoint.
-@c FIXME so what does GDB do if there is no referent?  Moreover, what
-@c about watchpoints?
-@value{GDBN} does
-not actually evaluate @var{expression} at the time the @code{condition}
-command is given, however.  @xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.
-
-@item condition @var{bnum}
-Remove the condition from breakpoint number @var{bnum}.  It becomes
-an ordinary unconditional breakpoint.
-@end table
-
-@cindex ignore count (of breakpoint)
-A special case of a breakpoint condition is to stop only when the
-breakpoint has been reached a certain number of times.  This is so
-useful that there is a special way to do it, using the @dfn{ignore
-count} of the breakpoint.  Every breakpoint has an ignore count, which
-is an integer.  Most of the time, the ignore count is zero, and
-therefore has no effect.  But if your program reaches a breakpoint whose
-ignore count is positive, then instead of stopping, it just decrements
-the ignore count by one and continues.  As a result, if the ignore count
-value is @var{n}, the breakpoint does not stop the next @var{n} times
-your program reaches it.
-
-@table @code
-@item ignore @var{bnum} @var{count}
-@kindex ignore
-Set the ignore count of breakpoint number @var{bnum} to @var{count}.
-The next @var{count} times the breakpoint is reached, your program's
-execution does not stop; other than to decrement the ignore count, @value{GDBN}
-takes no action.
-
-To make the breakpoint stop the next time it is reached, specify
-a count of zero.
-
-When you use @code{continue} to resume execution of your program from a
-breakpoint, you can specify an ignore count directly as an argument to
-@code{continue}, rather than using @code{ignore}.  @xref{Continuing and
-Stepping,,Continuing and stepping}.
-
-If a breakpoint has a positive ignore count and a condition, the
-condition is not checked.  Once the ignore count reaches zero,
-@value{GDBN} resumes checking the condition.
-
-You could achieve the effect of the ignore count with a condition such
-as @w{@samp{$foo-- <= 0}} using a debugger convenience variable that
-is decremented each time.  @xref{Convenience Vars, ,Convenience
-variables}.
-@end table
-
-@node Break Commands
-@subsection Breakpoint command lists
-
-@cindex breakpoint commands
-You can give any breakpoint (or watchpoint) a series of commands to
-execute when your program stops due to that breakpoint.  For example, you
-might want to print the values of certain expressions, or enable other
-breakpoints.
-
-@table @code
-@item commands @r{[}@var{bnum}@r{]}
-@itemx @dots{} @var{command-list} @dots{}
-@itemx end
-@kindex commands
-@kindex end
-Specify a list of commands for breakpoint number @var{bnum}.  The commands
-themselves appear on the following lines.  Type a line containing just
-@code{end} to terminate the commands.
-
-To remove all commands from a breakpoint, type @code{commands} and
-follow it immediately with @code{end}; that is, give no commands.
-
-With no @var{bnum} argument, @code{commands} refers to the last
-breakpoint or watchpoint set (not to the breakpoint most recently
-encountered).
-@end table
-
-Pressing @key{RET} as a means of repeating the last @value{GDBN} command is
-disabled within a @var{command-list}.
-
-You can use breakpoint commands to start your program up again.  Simply
-use the @code{continue} command, or @code{step}, or any other command
-that resumes execution.
-
-Any other commands in the command list, after a command that resumes
-execution, are ignored.  This is because any time you resume execution
-(even with a simple @code{next} or @code{step}), you may encounter
-another breakpoint---which could have its own command list, leading to
-ambiguities about which list to execute.
-
-@kindex silent
-If the first command you specify in a command list is @code{silent}, the
-usual message about stopping at a breakpoint is not printed.  This may
-be desirable for breakpoints that are to print a specific message and
-then continue.  If none of the remaining commands print anything, you
-see no sign that the breakpoint was reached.  @code{silent} is
-meaningful only at the beginning of a breakpoint command list.
-
-The commands @code{echo}, @code{output}, and @code{printf} allow you to
-print precisely controlled output, and are often useful in silent
-breakpoints.  @xref{Output, ,Commands for controlled output}.
-
-For example, here is how you could use breakpoint commands to print the
-value of @code{x} at entry to @code{foo} whenever @code{x} is positive.
-
-@example
-break foo if x>0
-commands
-silent
-printf "x is %d\n",x
-cont
-end
-@end example
-
-One application for breakpoint commands is to compensate for one bug so
-you can test for another.  Put a breakpoint just after the erroneous line
-of code, give it a condition to detect the case in which something
-erroneous has been done, and give it commands to assign correct values
-to any variables that need them.  End with the @code{continue} command
-so that your program does not stop, and start with the @code{silent}
-command so that no output is produced.  Here is an example:
-
-@example
-break 403
-commands
-silent
-set x = y + 4
-cont
-end
-@end example
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Breakpoint Menus
-@subsection Breakpoint menus
-@cindex overloading
-@cindex symbol overloading
-
-Some programming languages (notably C++) permit a single function name
-to be defined several times, for application in different contexts.
-This is called @dfn{overloading}.  When a function name is overloaded,
-@samp{break @var{function}} is not enough to tell @value{GDBN} where you want
-a breakpoint.  If you realize this is a problem, you can use
-something like @samp{break @var{function}(@var{types})} to specify which
-particular version of the function you want.  Otherwise, @value{GDBN} offers
-you a menu of numbered choices for different possible breakpoints, and
-waits for your selection with the prompt @samp{>}.  The first two
-options are always @samp{[0] cancel} and @samp{[1] all}.  Typing @kbd{1}
-sets a breakpoint at each definition of @var{function}, and typing
-@kbd{0} aborts the @code{break} command without setting any new
-breakpoints.
-
-For example, the following session excerpt shows an attempt to set a
-breakpoint at the overloaded symbol @code{String::after}.
-We choose three particular definitions of that function name:
-
-@c FIXME! This is likely to change to show arg type lists, at least
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) b String::after
-[0] cancel
-[1] all
-[2] file:String.cc; line number:867
-[3] file:String.cc; line number:860
-[4] file:String.cc; line number:875
-[5] file:String.cc; line number:853
-[6] file:String.cc; line number:846
-[7] file:String.cc; line number:735
-> 2 4 6
-Breakpoint 1 at 0xb26c: file String.cc, line 867.
-Breakpoint 2 at 0xb344: file String.cc, line 875.
-Breakpoint 3 at 0xafcc: file String.cc, line 846.
-Multiple breakpoints were set.
-Use the "delete" command to delete unwanted
- breakpoints.
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end smallexample
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@node Error in Breakpoints
-@subsection ``Cannot insert breakpoints''
-
-@c FIXME: "cannot insert breakpoints" error, v unclear.
-@c        Q in pending mail to Gilmore. ---pesch@cygnus.com, 26mar91
-@c        some light may be shed by looking at instances of
-@c        ONE_PROCESS_WRITETEXT.  But error message seems possible otherwise
-@c        too.  pesch, 20sep91
-Under some operating systems, breakpoints cannot be used in a program if
-any other process is running that program.  In this situation,
-attempting to run or continue a program with a breakpoint causes @value{GDBN}
-to stop the other process.
-
-When this happens, you have three ways to proceed:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Remove or disable the breakpoints, then continue.
-
-@item
-Suspend @value{GDBN}, and copy the file containing your program to a new name.
-Resume @value{GDBN} and use the @code{exec-file} command to specify that @value{GDBN}
-should run your program under that name.  Then start your program again.
-
-@c FIXME: RMS commented here "Show example".  Maybe when someone
-@c explains the first FIXME: in this section...
-
-@item
-Relink your program so that the text segment is nonsharable, using the
-linker option @samp{-N}.  The operating system limitation may not apply
-to nonsharable executables.
-@end enumerate
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Continuing and Stepping
-@section Continuing and stepping
-
-@cindex stepping
-@cindex continuing
-@cindex resuming execution
-@dfn{Continuing} means resuming program execution until your program
-completes normally.  In contrast, @dfn{stepping} means executing just
-one more ``step'' of your program, where ``step'' may mean either one
-line of source code, or one machine instruction (depending on what
-particular command you use).  Either when continuing
-or when stepping, your program may stop even sooner, due to 
-@ifset BARETARGET
-a breakpoint.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-a breakpoint or a signal.  (If due to a signal, you may want to use
-@code{handle}, or use @samp{signal 0} to resume execution.
-@xref{Signals, ,Signals}.)
-@end ifclear
-
-@table @code
-@item continue @r{[}@var{ignore-count}@r{]}
-@itemx c @r{[}@var{ignore-count}@r{]}
-@itemx fg @r{[}@var{ignore-count}@r{]}
-@kindex continue
-@kindex c
-@kindex fg
-Resume program execution, at the address where your program last stopped;
-any breakpoints set at that address are bypassed.  The optional argument
-@var{ignore-count} allows you to specify a further number of times to
-ignore a breakpoint at this location; its effect is like that of
-@code{ignore} (@pxref{Conditions, ,Break conditions}).
-
-The argument @var{ignore-count} is meaningful only when your program
-stopped due to a breakpoint.  At other times, the argument to
-@code{continue} is ignored.
-
-The synonyms @code{c} and @code{fg} are provided purely for convenience,
-and have exactly the same behavior as @code{continue}.
-@end table
-
-To resume execution at a different place, you can use @code{return}
-(@pxref{Returning, ,Returning from a function}) to go back to the
-calling function; or @code{jump} (@pxref{Jumping, ,Continuing at a
-different address}) to go to an arbitrary location in your program.
-
-A typical technique for using stepping is to set a breakpoint
-@ifclear CONLY
-(@pxref{Breakpoints, ,Breakpoints; watchpoints; and exceptions})
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-(@pxref{Breakpoints, ,Breakpoints and watchpoints})
-@end ifset
-at the
-beginning of the function or the section of your program where a
-problem is believed to lie, run your program until it stops at that
-breakpoint, and then step through the suspect area, examining the
-variables that are interesting, until you see the problem happen.
-
-@table @code
-@item step
-@kindex step
-@kindex s
-Continue running your program until control reaches a different source
-line, then stop it and return control to @value{GDBN}.  This command is
-abbreviated @code{s}.
-
-@quotation
-@c "without debugging information" is imprecise; actually "without line
-@c numbers in the debugging information".  (gcc -g1 has debugging info but
-@c not line numbers).  But it seems complex to try to make that
-@c distinction here.
-@emph{Warning:} If you use the @code{step} command while control is
-within a function that was compiled without debugging information,
-execution proceeds until control reaches a function that does have
-debugging information.  Likewise, it will not step into a function which
-is compiled without debugging information.  To step through functions
-without debugging information, use the @code{stepi} command, described
-below.
-@end quotation
-
-@item step @var{count}
-Continue running as in @code{step}, but do so @var{count} times.  If a
-breakpoint is reached,
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-or a signal not related to stepping occurs before @var{count} steps,
-@end ifclear
-stepping stops right away.
-
-@item next @r{[}@var{count}@r{]}
-@kindex next
-@kindex n
-Continue to the next source line in the current (innermost) stack frame.
-Similar to @code{step}, but any function calls appearing within the line
-of code are executed without stopping.  Execution stops when control
-reaches a different line of code at the stack level which was executing
-when the @code{next} command was given.  This command is abbreviated
-@code{n}.
-
-An argument @var{count} is a repeat count, as for @code{step}.
-
-@code{next} within a function that lacks debugging information acts like
-@code{step}, but any function calls appearing within the code of the
-function are executed without stopping.
-
-@item finish
-@kindex finish
-Continue running until just after function in the selected stack frame
-returns.  Print the returned value (if any).
-
-Contrast this with the @code{return} command (@pxref{Returning,
-,Returning from a function}).
-
-@item until
-@kindex until
-@itemx u
-@kindex u
-Continue running until a source line past the current line, in the
-current stack frame, is reached.  This command is used to avoid single
-stepping through a loop more than once.  It is like the @code{next}
-command, except that when @code{until} encounters a jump, it
-automatically continues execution until the program counter is greater
-than the address of the jump.
-
-This means that when you reach the end of a loop after single stepping
-though it, @code{until} makes your program continue execution until it
-exits the loop.  In contrast, a @code{next} command at the end of a loop
-simply steps back to the beginning of the loop, which forces you to step
-through the next iteration.
-
-@code{until} always stops your program if it attempts to exit the current
-stack frame.
-
-@code{until} may produce somewhat counterintuitive results if the order
-of machine code does not match the order of the source lines.  For
-example, in the following excerpt from a debugging session, the @code{f}
-(@code{frame}) command shows that execution is stopped at line
-@code{206}; yet when we use @code{until}, we get to line @code{195}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) f
-#0  main (argc=4, argv=0xf7fffae8) at m4.c:206
-206                 expand_input();
-(@value{GDBP}) until
-195             for ( ; argc > 0; NEXTARG) @{
-@end example
-
-This happened because, for execution efficiency, the compiler had
-generated code for the loop closure test at the end, rather than the
-start, of the loop---even though the test in a C @code{for}-loop is
-written before the body of the loop.  The @code{until} command appeared
-to step back to the beginning of the loop when it advanced to this
-expression; however, it has not really gone to an earlier
-statement---not in terms of the actual machine code.
-
-@code{until} with no argument works by means of single
-instruction stepping, and hence is slower than @code{until} with an
-argument.
-
-@item until @var{location}
-@itemx u @var{location}
-Continue running your program until either the specified location is
-reached, or the current stack frame returns.  @var{location} is any of
-the forms of argument acceptable to @code{break} (@pxref{Set Breaks,
-,Setting breakpoints}).  This form of the command uses breakpoints,
-and hence is quicker than @code{until} without an argument.
-
-@item stepi
-@itemx si
-@kindex stepi
-@kindex si
-Execute one machine instruction, then stop and return to the debugger.
-
-It is often useful to do @samp{display/i $pc} when stepping by machine
-instructions.  This makes @value{GDBN} automatically display the next
-instruction to be executed, each time your program stops.  @xref{Auto
-Display,, Automatic display}.
-
-An argument is a repeat count, as in @code{step}.
-
-@need 750
-@item nexti
-@itemx ni
-@kindex nexti
-@kindex ni
-Execute one machine instruction, but if it is a function call,
-proceed until the function returns.
-
-An argument is a repeat count, as in @code{next}.
-@end table
-
-@ifset POSIX
-@node Signals
-@section Signals
-@cindex signals
-
-A signal is an asynchronous event that can happen in a program.  The
-operating system defines the possible kinds of signals, and gives each
-kind a name and a number.  For example, in Unix @code{SIGINT} is the
-signal a program gets when you type an interrupt (often @kbd{C-c});
-@code{SIGSEGV} is the signal a program gets from referencing a place in
-memory far away from all the areas in use; @code{SIGALRM} occurs when
-the alarm clock timer goes off (which happens only if your program has
-requested an alarm).
-
-@cindex fatal signals
-Some signals, including @code{SIGALRM}, are a normal part of the
-functioning of your program.  Others, such as @code{SIGSEGV}, indicate
-errors; these signals are @dfn{fatal} (kill your program immediately) if the
-program has not specified in advance some other way to handle the signal.
-@code{SIGINT} does not indicate an error in your program, but it is normally
-fatal so it can carry out the purpose of the interrupt: to kill the program.
-
-@value{GDBN} has the ability to detect any occurrence of a signal in your
-program.  You can tell @value{GDBN} in advance what to do for each kind of
-signal.
-
-@cindex handling signals
-Normally, @value{GDBN} is set up to ignore non-erroneous signals like @code{SIGALRM}
-(so as not to interfere with their role in the functioning of your program)
-but to stop your program immediately whenever an error signal happens.
-You can change these settings with the @code{handle} command.
-
-@table @code
-@item info signals
-@kindex info signals
-Print a table of all the kinds of signals and how @value{GDBN} has been told to
-handle each one.  You can use this to see the signal numbers of all
-the defined types of signals.
-
-@item handle @var{signal} @var{keywords}@dots{}
-@kindex handle
-Change the way @value{GDBN} handles signal @var{signal}.  @var{signal} can be the
-number of a signal or its name (with or without the @samp{SIG} at the
-beginning).  The @var{keywords} say what change to make.
-@end table
-
-@c @group
-The keywords allowed by the @code{handle} command can be abbreviated.
-Their full names are:
-
-@table @code
-@item nostop
-@value{GDBN} should not stop your program when this signal happens.  It may
-still print a message telling you that the signal has come in.
-
-@item stop
-@value{GDBN} should stop your program when this signal happens.  This implies
-the @code{print} keyword as well.
-
-@item print
-@value{GDBN} should print a message when this signal happens.
-
-@item noprint
-@value{GDBN} should not mention the occurrence of the signal at all.  This
-implies the @code{nostop} keyword as well.
-
-@item pass
-@value{GDBN} should allow your program to see this signal; your program
-can handle the signal, or else it may terminate if the signal is fatal
-and not handled.
-
-@item nopass
-@value{GDBN} should not allow your program to see this signal.
-@end table
-@c @end group
-
-When a signal stops your program, the signal is not visible until you
-continue.  Your program sees the signal then, if @code{pass} is in
-effect for the signal in question @emph{at that time}.  In other words,
-after @value{GDBN} reports a signal, you can use the @code{handle}
-command with @code{pass} or @code{nopass} to control whether your
-program sees that signal when you continue.
-
-You can also use the @code{signal} command to prevent your program from
-seeing a signal, or cause it to see a signal it normally would not see,
-or to give it any signal at any time.  For example, if your program stopped
-due to some sort of memory reference error, you might store correct
-values into the erroneous variables and continue, hoping to see more
-execution; but your program would probably terminate immediately as
-a result of the fatal signal once it saw the signal.  To prevent this,
-you can continue with @samp{signal 0}.  @xref{Signaling, ,Giving your
-program a signal}. 
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@node Thread Stops
-@section Stopping and starting multi-thread programs
-
-When your program has multiple threads (@pxref{Threads,, Debugging
-programs with multiple threads}), you can choose whether to set
-breakpoints on all threads, or on a particular thread.
-
-@table @code
-@cindex breakpoints and threads
-@cindex thread breakpoints
-@kindex break @dots{} thread @var{threadno}
-@item break @var{linespec} thread @var{threadno}
-@itemx break @var{linespec} thread @var{threadno} if @dots{}
-Use the qualifier @samp{thread @var{threadno}} with a breakpoint command
-to specify that you only want @value{GDBN} to stop the program when a
-particular thread reaches this breakpoint.  @var{threadno} is one of the
-numeric thread identifiers assigned by @value{GDBN}, shown in the first
-column of the @samp{info threads} display.
-
-If you do not specify @samp{thread @var{threadno}} when you set a
-breakpoint, the breakpoint applies to @emph{all} threads of your
-program.
-
-You can use the @code{thread} qualifier on conditional breakpoints as
-well; in this case, place @samp{thread @var{threadno}} before the
-breakpoint condition, like this:
-
-@smallexample
-(gdb) break frik.c:13 thread 28 if bartab > lim
-@end smallexample
-@end table
-
-@cindex stopped threads
-@cindex threads, stopped
-Whenever your program stops under @value{GDBN} for any reason,
-@emph{all} threads of execution stop, not just the current thread.  This
-allows you to examine the overall state of the program, including
-switching between threads, without worrying that things may change
-underfoot.
-
-@cindex continuing threads
-@cindex threads, continuing
-Conversely, whenever you restart the program, @emph{all} threads start
-executing.  @emph{This is true even when single-stepping} with commands
-like @code{step} or @code{next}.  
-
-In particular, @value{GDBN} cannot single-step all threads in lockstep.
-Since thread scheduling is up to your debugging target's operating
-system (not controlled by @value{GDBN}), other threads may
-execute more than one statement while the current thread completes a
-single step.  Moreover, in general other threads stop in the middle of a
-statement, rather than at a clean statement boundary, when the program
-stops.
-
-You might even find your program stopped in another thread after
-continuing or even single-stepping.  This happens whenever some other
-thread runs into a breakpoint, a signal, or an exception before the
-first thread completes whatever you requested.
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Stack
-@chapter Examining the Stack
-
-When your program has stopped, the first thing you need to know is where it
-stopped and how it got there.
-
-@cindex call stack
-Each time your program performs a function call, the information about
-where in your program the call was made from is saved in a block of data
-called a @dfn{stack frame}.  The frame also contains the arguments of the
-call and the local variables of the function that was called.  All the
-stack frames are allocated in a region of memory called the @dfn{call
-stack}.
-
-When your program stops, the @value{GDBN} commands for examining the
-stack allow you to see all of this information.
-
-@cindex selected frame
-One of the stack frames is @dfn{selected} by @value{GDBN} and many
-@value{GDBN} commands refer implicitly to the selected frame.  In
-particular, whenever you ask @value{GDBN} for the value of a variable in
-your program, the value is found in the selected frame.  There are
-special @value{GDBN} commands to select whichever frame you are
-interested in.
-
-When your program stops, @value{GDBN} automatically selects the
-currently executing frame and describes it briefly as the @code{frame}
-command does (@pxref{Frame Info, ,Information about a frame}).
-
-@menu
-* Frames::                      Stack frames
-* Backtrace::                   Backtraces
-* Selection::                   Selecting a frame
-* Frame Info::                  Information on a frame
-@ifset MIPS
-* MIPS Stack::                  MIPS machines and the function stack
-@end ifset
-@end menu
-
-@node Frames
-@section Stack frames
-
-@cindex frame
-@cindex stack frame
-The call stack is divided up into contiguous pieces called @dfn{stack
-frames}, or @dfn{frames} for short; each frame is the data associated
-with one call to one function.  The frame contains the arguments given
-to the function, the function's local variables, and the address at
-which the function is executing.
-
-@cindex initial frame
-@cindex outermost frame
-@cindex innermost frame
-When your program is started, the stack has only one frame, that of the
-function @code{main}.  This is called the @dfn{initial} frame or the
-@dfn{outermost} frame.  Each time a function is called, a new frame is
-made.  Each time a function returns, the frame for that function invocation
-is eliminated.  If a function is recursive, there can be many frames for
-the same function.  The frame for the function in which execution is
-actually occurring is called the @dfn{innermost} frame.  This is the most
-recently created of all the stack frames that still exist.
-
-@cindex frame pointer
-Inside your program, stack frames are identified by their addresses.  A
-stack frame consists of many bytes, each of which has its own address; each
-kind of computer has a convention for choosing one of those bytes whose
-address serves as the address of the frame.  Usually this address is kept
-in a register called the @dfn{frame pointer register} while execution is
-going on in that frame.
-
-@cindex frame number
-@value{GDBN} assigns numbers to all existing stack frames, starting with
-zero for the innermost frame, one for the frame that called it,
-and so on upward.  These numbers do not really exist in your program;
-they are assigned by @value{GDBN} to give you a way of designating stack
-frames in @value{GDBN} commands.
-
-@c below produces an acceptable overful hbox. --mew 13aug1993
-@cindex frameless execution
-Some compilers provide a way to compile functions so that they operate
-without stack frames.  (For example, the @code{@value{GCC}} option
-@samp{-fomit-frame-pointer} generates functions without a frame.)
-This is occasionally done with heavily used library functions to save
-the frame setup time.  @value{GDBN} has limited facilities for dealing
-with these function invocations.  If the innermost function invocation
-has no stack frame, @value{GDBN} nevertheless regards it as though
-it had a separate frame, which is numbered zero as usual, allowing
-correct tracing of the function call chain.  However, @value{GDBN} has
-no provision for frameless functions elsewhere in the stack.
-
-@node Backtrace
-@section Backtraces
-
-A backtrace is a summary of how your program got where it is.  It shows one
-line per frame, for many frames, starting with the currently executing
-frame (frame zero), followed by its caller (frame one), and on up the
-stack.
-
-@table @code
-@item backtrace
-@itemx bt
-@kindex backtrace
-@kindex bt
-Print a backtrace of the entire stack: one line per frame for all
-frames in the stack.
-
-You can stop the backtrace at any time by typing the system interrupt
-character, normally @kbd{C-c}.
-
-@item backtrace @var{n}
-@itemx bt @var{n}
-Similar, but print only the innermost @var{n} frames.
-
-@item backtrace -@var{n}
-@itemx bt -@var{n}
-Similar, but print only the outermost @var{n} frames.
-@end table
-
-@kindex where
-@kindex info stack
-@kindex info s
-The names @code{where} and @code{info stack} (abbreviated @code{info s})
-are additional aliases for @code{backtrace}.
-
-Each line in the backtrace shows the frame number and the function name.
-The program counter value is also shown---unless you use @code{set
-print address off}.  The backtrace also shows the source file name and
-line number, as well as the arguments to the function.  The program
-counter value is omitted if it is at the beginning of the code for that
-line number.
-
-Here is an example of a backtrace.  It was made with the command
-@samp{bt 3}, so it shows the innermost three frames.
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-#0  m4_traceon (obs=0x24eb0, argc=1, argv=0x2b8c8) 
-    at builtin.c:993
-#1  0x6e38 in expand_macro (sym=0x2b600) at macro.c:242
-#2  0x6840 in expand_token (obs=0x0, t=177664, td=0xf7fffb08)
-    at macro.c:71
-(More stack frames follow...)
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-The display for frame zero does not begin with a program counter
-value, indicating that your program has stopped at the beginning of the
-code for line @code{993} of @code{builtin.c}.
-
-@node Selection
-@section Selecting a frame
-
-Most commands for examining the stack and other data in your program work on
-whichever stack frame is selected at the moment.  Here are the commands for
-selecting a stack frame; all of them finish by printing a brief description
-of the stack frame just selected.
-
-@table @code
-@item frame @var{n}
-@itemx f @var{n}
-@kindex frame
-@kindex f
-Select frame number @var{n}.  Recall that frame zero is the innermost
-(currently executing) frame, frame one is the frame that called the
-innermost one, and so on.  The highest-numbered frame is the one for
-@code{main}.
-
-@item frame @var{addr}
-@itemx f @var{addr}
-Select the frame at address @var{addr}.  This is useful mainly if the
-chaining of stack frames has been damaged by a bug, making it
-impossible for @value{GDBN} to assign numbers properly to all frames.  In
-addition, this can be useful when your program has multiple stacks and
-switches between them.
-
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-On the SPARC architecture, @code{frame} needs two addresses to
-select an arbitrary frame: a frame pointer and a stack pointer.
-
-On the MIPS and Alpha architecture, it needs two addresses: a stack
-pointer and a program counter.
-
-On the 29k architecture, it needs three addresses: a register stack
-pointer, a program counter, and a memory stack pointer.
-@c note to future updaters: this is conditioned on a flag
-@c SETUP_ARBITRARY_FRAME in the tm-*.h files.  The above is up to date
-@c as of 27 Jan 1994.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item up @var{n}
-@kindex up
-Move @var{n} frames up the stack.  For positive numbers @var{n}, this
-advances toward the outermost frame, to higher frame numbers, to frames
-that have existed longer.  @var{n} defaults to one.
-
-@item down @var{n}
-@kindex down
-@kindex do
-Move @var{n} frames down the stack.  For positive numbers @var{n}, this
-advances toward the innermost frame, to lower frame numbers, to frames
-that were created more recently.  @var{n} defaults to one.  You may
-abbreviate @code{down} as @code{do}.
-@end table
-
-All of these commands end by printing two lines of output describing the
-frame.  The first line shows the frame number, the function name, the
-arguments, and the source file and line number of execution in that
-frame.  The second line shows the text of that source line.  
-
-@need 1000
-For example:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) up
-#1  0x22f0 in main (argc=1, argv=0xf7fffbf4, env=0xf7fffbfc)
-    at env.c:10
-10              read_input_file (argv[i]);
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-After such a printout, the @code{list} command with no arguments
-prints ten lines centered on the point of execution in the frame.
-@xref{List, ,Printing source lines}.
-
-@table @code
-@item up-silently @var{n}
-@itemx down-silently @var{n}
-@kindex down-silently
-@kindex up-silently
-These two commands are variants of @code{up} and @code{down},
-respectively; they differ in that they do their work silently, without
-causing display of the new frame.  They are intended primarily for use
-in @value{GDBN} command scripts, where the output might be unnecessary and
-distracting.
-@end table
-
-@node Frame Info
-@section Information about a frame
-
-There are several other commands to print information about the selected
-stack frame.
-
-@table @code
-@item frame
-@itemx f
-When used without any argument, this command does not change which
-frame is selected, but prints a brief description of the currently
-selected stack frame.  It can be abbreviated @code{f}.  With an
-argument, this command is used to select a stack frame.
-@xref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}.
-
-@item info frame
-@itemx info f
-@kindex info frame
-@kindex info f
-This command prints a verbose description of the selected stack frame,
-including the address of the frame, the addresses of the next frame down
-(called by this frame) and the next frame up (caller of this frame), the
-language that the source code corresponding to this frame was written in,
-the address of the frame's arguments, the program counter saved in it
-(the address of execution in the caller frame), and which registers
-were saved in the frame.  The verbose description is useful when
-something has gone wrong that has made the stack format fail to fit
-the usual conventions.
-
-@item info frame @var{addr}
-@itemx info f @var{addr}
-Print a verbose description of the frame at address @var{addr}, without
-selecting that frame.  The selected frame remains unchanged by this
-command.  This requires the same kind of address (more than one for some
-architectures) that you specify in the @code{frame} command.
-@xref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}.
-
-@item info args
-@kindex info args
-Print the arguments of the selected frame, each on a separate line.
-
-@item info locals
-@kindex info locals
-Print the local variables of the selected frame, each on a separate
-line.  These are all variables (declared either static or automatic)
-accessible at the point of execution of the selected frame.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@item info catch
-@kindex info catch
-@cindex catch exceptions
-@cindex exception handlers
-Print a list of all the exception handlers that are active in the
-current stack frame at the current point of execution.  To see other
-exception handlers, visit the associated frame (using the @code{up},
-@code{down}, or @code{frame} commands); then type @code{info catch}.
-@xref{Exception Handling, ,Breakpoints and exceptions}.
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-@ifset MIPS
-@node MIPS Stack
-@section MIPS machines and the function stack
-
-@cindex stack on MIPS
-@cindex MIPS stack
-MIPS based computers use an unusual stack frame, which sometimes
-requires @value{GDBN} to search backward in the object code to find the
-beginning of a function.
-
-@cindex response time, MIPS debugging
-To improve response time (especially for embedded applications, where
-@value{GDBN} may be restricted to a slow serial line for this search)
-you may want to limit the size of this search, using one of these
-commands:
-@c FIXME! So what happens when GDB does *not* find the beginning of a
-@c function?
-
-@cindex @code{heuristic-fence-post} (MIPS)
-@table @code
-@item set heuristic-fence-post @var{limit}
-Restrict @value{GDBN} to examining at most @var{limit} bytes in its search
-for the beginning of a function.  A value of @code{0} (the default)
-means there is no limit.
-
-@item show heuristic-fence-post
-Display the current limit.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-These commands are available @emph{only} when @value{GDBN} is configured
-for debugging programs on MIPS processors.
-@end ifset
-
-@node Source
-@chapter Examining Source Files
-
-@value{GDBN} can print parts of your program's source, since the debugging
-information recorded in the program tells @value{GDBN} what source files were
-used to build it.  When your program stops, @value{GDBN} spontaneously prints
-the line where it stopped.  Likewise, when you select a stack frame
-(@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}), @value{GDBN} prints the line where
-execution in that frame has stopped.  You can print other portions of
-source files by explicit command.
-
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-If you use @value{GDBN} through its GNU Emacs interface, you may prefer to use
-Emacs facilities to view source; @pxref{Emacs, ,Using @value{GDBN} under GNU
-Emacs}.
-@end ifclear
-
-@menu
-* List::                        Printing source lines
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-* Search::                      Searching source files
-@end ifclear
-
-* Source Path::                 Specifying source directories
-* Machine Code::                Source and machine code
-@end menu
-
-@node List
-@section Printing source lines
-
-@kindex list
-@kindex l
-To print lines from a source file, use the @code{list} command
-(abbreviated @code{l}).  There are several ways to specify what part
-of the file you want to print.
-
-Here are the forms of the @code{list} command most commonly used:
-
-@table @code
-@item list @var{linenum}
-Print lines centered around line number @var{linenum} in the
-current source file.
-
-@item list @var{function}
-Print lines centered around the beginning of function
-@var{function}.
-
-@item list
-Print more lines.  If the last lines printed were printed with a
-@code{list} command, this prints lines following the last lines
-printed; however, if the last line printed was a solitary line printed
-as part of displaying a stack frame (@pxref{Stack, ,Examining the
-Stack}), this prints lines centered around that line.
-
-@item list -
-Print lines just before the lines last printed.
-@end table
-
-By default, @value{GDBN} prints ten source lines with any of these forms of
-the @code{list} command.  You can change this using @code{set listsize}:
-
-@table @code
-@item set listsize @var{count}
-@kindex set listsize
-Make the @code{list} command display @var{count} source lines (unless
-the @code{list} argument explicitly specifies some other number).
-
-@item show listsize
-@kindex show listsize
-Display the number of lines that @code{list} prints.
-@end table
-
-Repeating a @code{list} command with @key{RET} discards the argument,
-so it is equivalent to typing just @code{list}.  This is more useful
-than listing the same lines again.  An exception is made for an
-argument of @samp{-}; that argument is preserved in repetition so that
-each repetition moves up in the source file.
-
-@cindex linespec
-In general, the @code{list} command expects you to supply zero, one or two
-@dfn{linespecs}.  Linespecs specify source lines; there are several ways
-of writing them but the effect is always to specify some source line.
-Here is a complete description of the possible arguments for @code{list}:
-
-@table @code
-@item list @var{linespec}
-Print lines centered around the line specified by @var{linespec}.
-
-@item list @var{first},@var{last}
-Print lines from @var{first} to @var{last}.  Both arguments are
-linespecs.
-
-@item list ,@var{last}
-Print lines ending with @var{last}.
-
-@item list @var{first},
-Print lines starting with @var{first}.
-
-@item list +
-Print lines just after the lines last printed.
-
-@item list -
-Print lines just before the lines last printed.
-
-@item list
-As described in the preceding table.
-@end table
-
-Here are the ways of specifying a single source line---all the
-kinds of linespec.
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{number}
-Specifies line @var{number} of the current source file.
-When a @code{list} command has two linespecs, this refers to
-the same source file as the first linespec.
-
-@item +@var{offset}
-Specifies the line @var{offset} lines after the last line printed.
-When used as the second linespec in a @code{list} command that has
-two, this specifies the line @var{offset} lines down from the
-first linespec.
-
-@item -@var{offset}
-Specifies the line @var{offset} lines before the last line printed.
-
-@item @var{filename}:@var{number}
-Specifies line @var{number} in the source file @var{filename}.
-
-@item @var{function}
-@c FIXME: "of the open-brace" is C-centric.  When we add other langs...
-Specifies the line of the open-brace that begins the body of the
-function @var{function}.
-
-@item @var{filename}:@var{function}
-Specifies the line of the open-brace that begins the body of the
-function @var{function} in the file @var{filename}.  You only need the
-file name with a function name to avoid ambiguity when there are
-identically named functions in different source files.
-
-@item *@var{address}
-Specifies the line containing the program address @var{address}.
-@var{address} may be any expression.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-@node Search
-@section Searching source files
-@cindex searching
-@kindex reverse-search
-
-There are two commands for searching through the current source file for a
-regular expression.
-
-@table @code
-@item forward-search @var{regexp}
-@itemx search @var{regexp}
-@kindex search
-@kindex forward-search
-The command @samp{forward-search @var{regexp}} checks each line,
-starting with the one following the last line listed, for a match for
-@var{regexp}.  It lists the line that is found.  You can use
-synonym @samp{search @var{regexp}} or abbreviate the command name as
-@code{fo}.
-
-@item reverse-search @var{regexp}
-The command @samp{reverse-search @var{regexp}} checks each line, starting
-with the one before the last line listed and going backward, for a match
-for @var{regexp}.  It lists the line that is found.  You can abbreviate
-this command as @code{rev}.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Source Path
-@section Specifying source directories
-
-@cindex source path
-@cindex directories for source files
-Executable programs sometimes do not record the directories of the source
-files from which they were compiled, just the names.  Even when they do,
-the directories could be moved between the compilation and your debugging
-session.  @value{GDBN} has a list of directories to search for source files;
-this is called the @dfn{source path}.  Each time @value{GDBN} wants a source file,
-it tries all the directories in the list, in the order they are present
-in the list, until it finds a file with the desired name.  Note that
-the executable search path is @emph{not} used for this purpose.  Neither is
-the current working directory, unless it happens to be in the source
-path.
-
-If @value{GDBN} cannot find a source file in the source path, and the
-object program records a directory, @value{GDBN} tries that directory
-too.  If the source path is empty, and there is no record of the
-compilation directory, @value{GDBN} looks in the current directory as a
-last resort.
-
-Whenever you reset or rearrange the source path, @value{GDBN} clears out
-any information it has cached about where source files are found and where
-each line is in the file.
-
-@kindex directory
-When you start @value{GDBN}, its source path is empty.
-To add other directories, use the @code{directory} command.
-
-@table @code
-@item directory @var{dirname} @dots{}
-Add directory @var{dirname} to the front of the source path.  Several
-directory names may be given to this command, separated by @samp{:} or
-whitespace.  You may specify a directory that is already in the source
-path; this moves it forward, so @value{GDBN} searches it sooner.
-
-@kindex cdir
-@kindex cwd
-@kindex $cdir
-@kindex $cwd
-@cindex compilation directory
-@cindex current directory
-@cindex working directory
-@cindex directory, current
-@cindex directory, compilation
-You can use the string @samp{$cdir} to refer to the compilation
-directory (if one is recorded), and @samp{$cwd} to refer to the current
-working directory.  @samp{$cwd} is not the same as @samp{.}---the former
-tracks the current working directory as it changes during your @value{GDBN}
-session, while the latter is immediately expanded to the current
-directory at the time you add an entry to the source path.
-
-@item directory
-Reset the source path to empty again.  This requires confirmation.
-
-@c RET-repeat for @code{directory} is explicitly disabled, but since
-@c repeating it would be a no-op we do not say that.  (thanks to RMS)
-
-@item show directories
-@kindex show directories
-Print the source path: show which directories it contains.
-@end table
-
-If your source path is cluttered with directories that are no longer of
-interest, @value{GDBN} may sometimes cause confusion by finding the wrong
-versions of source.  You can correct the situation as follows:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Use @code{directory} with no argument to reset the source path to empty.
-
-@item
-Use @code{directory} with suitable arguments to reinstall the
-directories you want in the source path.  You can add all the
-directories in one command.
-@end enumerate
-
-@node Machine Code
-@section Source and machine code
-
-You can use the command @code{info line} to map source lines to program
-addresses (and vice versa), and the command @code{disassemble} to display
-a range of addresses as machine instructions.
-
-@table @code
-@item info line @var{linespec}
-@kindex info line
-Print the starting and ending addresses of the compiled code for
-source line @var{linespec}.  You can specify source lines in any of
-the ways understood by the @code{list} command (@pxref{List, ,Printing
-source lines}).
-@end table
-
-For example, we can use @code{info line} to discover the location of
-the object code for the first line of function
-@code{m4_changequote}:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info line m4_changecom
-Line 895 of "builtin.c" starts at pc 0x634c and ends at 0x6350.
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-We can also inquire (using @code{*@var{addr}} as the form for
-@var{linespec}) what source line covers a particular address:
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info line *0x63ff
-Line 926 of "builtin.c" starts at pc 0x63e4 and ends at 0x6404.
-@end smallexample
-
-@cindex @code{$_} and @code{info line}
-After @code{info line}, the default address for the @code{x} command
-is changed to the starting address of the line, so that @samp{x/i} is
-sufficient to begin examining the machine code (@pxref{Memory,
-,Examining memory}).  Also, this address is saved as the value of the
-convenience variable @code{$_} (@pxref{Convenience Vars, ,Convenience
-variables}).
-
-@table @code
-@kindex disassemble
-@item disassemble
-@cindex assembly instructions
-@cindex instructions, assembly
-@cindex machine instructions
-@cindex listing machine instructions
-This specialized command dumps a range of memory as machine
-instructions.  The default memory range is the function surrounding the
-program counter of the selected frame.  A single argument to this
-command is a program counter value; @value{GDBN} dumps the function
-surrounding this value.  Two arguments specify a range of addresses
-(first inclusive, second exclusive) to dump.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-We can use @code{disassemble} to inspect the object code
-range shown in the last @code{info line} example (the example
-shows SPARC machine instructions):
-
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) disas 0x63e4 0x6404
-Dump of assembler code from 0x63e4 to 0x6404:
-0x63e4 <builtin_init+5340>:     ble 0x63f8 <builtin_init+5360>
-0x63e8 <builtin_init+5344>:     sethi %hi(0x4c00), %o0
-0x63ec <builtin_init+5348>:     ld [%i1+4], %o0
-0x63f0 <builtin_init+5352>:     b 0x63fc <builtin_init+5364>
-0x63f4 <builtin_init+5356>:     ld [%o0+4], %o0
-0x63f8 <builtin_init+5360>:     or %o0, 0x1a4, %o0
-0x63fc <builtin_init+5364>:     call 0x9288 <path_search>
-0x6400 <builtin_init+5368>:     nop
-End of assembler dump.
-@end smallexample
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset H8EXCLUSIVE
-For example, here is the beginning of the output for the
-disassembly of a function @code{fact}:
-
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) disas fact
-Dump of assembler code for function fact:
-to 0x808c:
-0x802c <fact>: 6d f2		mov.w r2,@@-r7
-0x802e <fact+2>:  6d f3		mov.w r3,@@-r7
-0x8030 <fact+4>:  6d f6		mov.w r6,@@-r7
-0x8032 <fact+6>:  0d 76		mov.w r7,r6
-0x8034 <fact+8>:  6f 70 00 08	mov.w @@(0x8,r7),r0
-0x8038 <fact+12>  19 11		sub.w	r1,r1
- .
- .
- . 
-@end smallexample
-@end ifset
-
-@node Data
-@chapter Examining Data
-
-@cindex printing data
-@cindex examining data
-@kindex print
-@kindex inspect
-@c "inspect" is not quite a synonym if you are using Epoch, which we do not
-@c document because it is nonstandard...  Under Epoch it displays in a
-@c different window or something like that.
-The usual way to examine data in your program is with the @code{print}
-command (abbreviated @code{p}), or its synonym @code{inspect}.  
-@ifclear CONLY
-It evaluates and prints the value of an expression of the language your
-program is written in (@pxref{Languages, ,Using @value{GDBN} with Different
-Languages}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@table @code
-@item print @var{exp}
-@itemx print /@var{f} @var{exp}
-@var{exp} is an expression (in the source language).  By default the
-value of @var{exp} is printed in a format appropriate to its data type;
-you can choose a different format by specifying @samp{/@var{f}}, where
-@var{f} is a letter specifying the format; @pxref{Output Formats,,Output
-formats}.
-
-@item print
-@itemx print /@var{f}
-If you omit @var{exp}, @value{GDBN} displays the last value again (from the
-@dfn{value history}; @pxref{Value History, ,Value history}).  This allows you to
-conveniently inspect the same value in an alternative format.
-@end table
-
-A more low-level way of examining data is with the @code{x} command.
-It examines data in memory at a specified address and prints it in a
-specified format.  @xref{Memory, ,Examining memory}.
-
-If you are interested in information about types, or about how the fields
-of a struct
-@ifclear CONLY
-or class
-@end ifclear
-are declared, use the @code{ptype @var{exp}}
-command rather than @code{print}. @xref{Symbols, ,Examining the Symbol Table}.
-
-@menu
-* Expressions::                 Expressions
-* Variables::                   Program variables
-* Arrays::                      Artificial arrays
-* Output Formats::              Output formats
-* Memory::                      Examining memory
-* Auto Display::                Automatic display
-* Print Settings::              Print settings
-* Value History::               Value history
-* Convenience Vars::            Convenience variables
-* Registers::                   Registers
-@ifclear HAVE-FLOAT
-* Floating Point Hardware::     Floating point hardware
-@end ifclear
-@end menu
-
-@node Expressions
-@section Expressions
-
-@cindex expressions
-@code{print} and many other @value{GDBN} commands accept an expression and
-compute its value.  Any kind of constant, variable or operator defined
-by the programming language you are using is valid in an expression in
-@value{GDBN}.  This includes conditional expressions, function calls, casts
-and string constants.  It unfortunately does not include symbols defined
-by preprocessor @code{#define} commands.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-Because C is so widespread, most of the expressions shown in examples in
-this manual are in C.  @xref{Languages, , Using @value{GDBN} with Different
-Languages}, for information on how to use expressions in other
-languages.
-
-In this section, we discuss operators that you can use in @value{GDBN}
-expressions regardless of your programming language.
-
-Casts are supported in all languages, not just in C, because it is so
-useful to cast a number into a pointer so as to examine a structure
-at that address in memory.
-@c FIXME: casts supported---Mod2 true?
-@end ifclear
-
-@value{GDBN} supports these operators in addition to those of programming
-languages:
-
-@table @code
-@item @@
-@samp{@@} is a binary operator for treating parts of memory as arrays.
-@xref{Arrays, ,Artificial arrays}, for more information.
-
-@item ::
-@samp{::} allows you to specify a variable in terms of the file or
-function where it is defined.  @xref{Variables, ,Program variables}.
-
-@item @{@var{type}@} @var{addr}
-@cindex @{@var{type}@}
-@cindex type casting memory
-@cindex memory, viewing as typed object
-@cindex casts, to view memory
-Refers to an object of type @var{type} stored at address @var{addr} in
-memory.  @var{addr} may be any expression whose value is an integer or
-pointer (but parentheses are required around binary operators, just as in
-a cast).  This construct is allowed regardless of what kind of data is
-normally supposed to reside at @var{addr}.
-@end table
-
-@node Variables
-@section Program variables
-
-The most common kind of expression to use is the name of a variable
-in your program.
-
-Variables in expressions are understood in the selected stack frame
-(@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}); they must either be global
-(or static) or be visible according to the scope rules of the
-programming language from the point of execution in that frame.  This
-means that in the function
-
-@example
-foo (a)
-     int a;
-@{
-  bar (a);
-  @{
-    int b = test ();
-    bar (b);
-  @}
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-you can examine and use the variable @code{a} whenever your program is
-executing within the function @code{foo}, but you can only use or
-examine the variable @code{b} while your program is executing inside
-the block where @code{b} is declared.
-
-@cindex variable name conflict
-There is an exception: you can refer to a variable or function whose
-scope is a single source file even if the current execution point is not
-in this file.  But it is possible to have more than one such variable or
-function with the same name (in different source files).  If that
-happens, referring to that name has unpredictable effects.  If you wish,
-you can specify a static variable in a particular function or file,
-using the colon-colon notation:
-
-@cindex colon-colon
-@iftex
-@c info cannot cope with a :: index entry, but why deprive hard copy readers?
-@kindex ::
-@end iftex
-@example
-@var{file}::@var{variable}
-@var{function}::@var{variable}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Here @var{file} or @var{function} is the name of the context for the
-static @var{variable}.  In the case of file names, you can use quotes to
-make sure @value{GDBN} parses the file name as a single word---for example,
-to print a global value of @code{x} defined in @file{f2.c}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) p 'f2.c'::x
-@end example
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@cindex C++ scope resolution
-This use of @samp{::} is very rarely in conflict with the very similar
-use of the same notation in C++.  @value{GDBN} also supports use of the C++
-scope resolution operator in @value{GDBN} expressions.
-@c FIXME: Um, so what happens in one of those rare cases where it's in
-@c conflict??  --mew
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex wrong values
-@cindex variable values, wrong
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} Occasionally, a local variable may appear to have the
-wrong value at certain points in a function---just after entry to a new
-scope, and just before exit.
-@end quotation
-You may see this problem when you are stepping by machine instructions.
-This is because on most machines, it takes more than one instruction to
-set up a stack frame (including local variable definitions); if you are
-stepping by machine instructions, variables may appear to have the wrong
-values until the stack frame is completely built.  On exit, it usually
-also takes more than one machine instruction to destroy a stack frame;
-after you begin stepping through that group of instructions, local
-variable definitions may be gone.
-
-@node Arrays
-@section Artificial arrays
-
-@cindex artificial array
-@kindex @@
-It is often useful to print out several successive objects of the
-same type in memory; a section of an array, or an array of
-dynamically determined size for which only a pointer exists in the
-program.
-
-You can do this by referring to a contiguous span of memory as an
-@dfn{artificial array}, using the binary operator @samp{@@}.  The left
-operand of @samp{@@} should be the first element of the desired array,
-as an individual object.  The right operand should be the desired length
-of the array.  The result is an array value whose elements are all of
-the type of the left argument.  The first element is actually the left
-argument; the second element comes from bytes of memory immediately
-following those that hold the first element, and so on.  Here is an
-example.  If a program says
-
-@example
-int *array = (int *) malloc (len * sizeof (int));
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-you can print the contents of @code{array} with
-
-@example
-p *array@@len
-@end example
-
-The left operand of @samp{@@} must reside in memory.  Array values made
-with @samp{@@} in this way behave just like other arrays in terms of
-subscripting, and are coerced to pointers when used in expressions.
-Artificial arrays most often appear in expressions via the value history
-(@pxref{Value History, ,Value history}), after printing one out.
-
-Sometimes the artificial array mechanism is not quite enough; in
-moderately complex data structures, the elements of interest may not
-actually be adjacent---for example, if you are interested in the values
-of pointers in an array.  One useful work-around in this situation is
-to use a convenience variable (@pxref{Convenience Vars, ,Convenience
-variables}) as a counter in an expression that prints the first
-interesting value, and then repeat that expression via @key{RET}.  For
-instance, suppose you have an array @code{dtab} of pointers to
-structures, and you are interested in the values of a field @code{fv}
-in each structure.  Here is an example of what you might type:
-
-@example
-set $i = 0
-p dtab[$i++]->fv
-@key{RET}
-@key{RET}
-@dots{}
-@end example
-
-@node Output Formats
-@section Output formats
-
-@cindex formatted output
-@cindex output formats
-By default, @value{GDBN} prints a value according to its data type.  Sometimes
-this is not what you want.  For example, you might want to print a number
-in hex, or a pointer in decimal.  Or you might want to view data in memory
-at a certain address as a character string or as an instruction.  To do
-these things, specify an @dfn{output format} when you print a value.
-
-The simplest use of output formats is to say how to print a value
-already computed.  This is done by starting the arguments of the
-@code{print} command with a slash and a format letter.  The format
-letters supported are:
-
-@table @code
-@item x
-Regard the bits of the value as an integer, and print the integer in
-hexadecimal.
-
-@item d
-Print as integer in signed decimal.
-
-@item u
-Print as integer in unsigned decimal.
-
-@item o
-Print as integer in octal.
-
-@item t
-Print as integer in binary.  The letter @samp{t} stands for ``two''.
-@footnote{@samp{b} cannot be used because these format letters are also
-used with the @code{x} command, where @samp{b} stands for ``byte'';
-@pxref{Memory,,Examining memory}.}
-
-@item a
-@cindex unknown address, locating
-Print as an address, both absolute in hexadecimal and as an offset from
-the nearest preceding symbol.  You can use this format used to discover
-where (in what function) an unknown address is located:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) p/a 0x54320
-$3 = 0x54320 <_initialize_vx+396>
-@end example
-
-@item c
-Regard as an integer and print it as a character constant.
-
-@item f
-Regard the bits of the value as a floating point number and print
-using typical floating point syntax.
-@end table
-
-For example, to print the program counter in hex (@pxref{Registers}), type
-
-@example
-p/x $pc
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Note that no space is required before the slash; this is because command
-names in @value{GDBN} cannot contain a slash.
-
-To reprint the last value in the value history with a different format,
-you can use the @code{print} command with just a format and no
-expression.  For example, @samp{p/x} reprints the last value in hex.
-
-@node Memory
-@section Examining memory
-
-You can use the command @code{x} (for ``examine'') to examine memory in
-any of several formats, independently of your program's data types.
-
-@cindex examining memory
-@table @code
-@kindex x
-@item x/@var{nfu} @var{addr}
-@itemx x @var{addr}
-@itemx x
-Use the @code{x} command to examine memory.
-@end table
-
-@var{n}, @var{f}, and @var{u} are all optional parameters that specify how
-much memory to display and how to format it; @var{addr} is an
-expression giving the address where you want to start displaying memory.
-If you use defaults for @var{nfu}, you need not type the slash @samp{/}.
-Several commands set convenient defaults for @var{addr}.
-
-@table @r
-@item @var{n}, the repeat count
-The repeat count is a decimal integer; the default is 1.  It specifies
-how much memory (counting by units @var{u}) to display.
-@c This really is **decimal**; unaffected by 'set radix' as of GDB
-@c 4.1.2.
-
-@item @var{f}, the display format
-The display format is one of the formats used by @code{print},
-or @samp{s} (null-terminated string) or @samp{i} (machine instruction).
-The default is @samp{x} (hexadecimal) initially, or the format from the
-last time you used either @code{x} or @code{print}.
-
-@item @var{u}, the unit size
-The unit size is any of
-
-@table @code
-@item b
-Bytes.
-@item h
-Halfwords (two bytes).
-@item w
-Words (four bytes).  This is the initial default.
-@item g
-Giant words (eight bytes).
-@end table
-
-Each time you specify a unit size with @code{x}, that size becomes the
-default unit the next time you use @code{x}.  (For the @samp{s} and
-@samp{i} formats, the unit size is ignored and is normally not written.)
-
-@item @var{addr}, starting display address
-@var{addr} is the address where you want @value{GDBN} to begin displaying
-memory.  The expression need not have a pointer value (though it may);
-it is always interpreted as an integer address of a byte of memory.
-@xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}, for more information on expressions.  The default for
-@var{addr} is usually just after the last address examined---but several
-other commands also set the default address: @code{info breakpoints} (to
-the address of the last breakpoint listed), @code{info line} (to the
-starting address of a line), and @code{print} (if you use it to display
-a value from memory).
-@end table
-
-For example, @samp{x/3uh 0x54320} is a request to display three halfwords
-(@code{h}) of memory, formatted as unsigned decimal integers (@samp{u}),
-starting at address @code{0x54320}.  @samp{x/4xw $sp} prints the four
-words (@samp{w}) of memory above the stack pointer (here, @samp{$sp};
-@pxref{Registers}) in hexadecimal (@samp{x}).
-
-Since the letters indicating unit sizes are all distinct from the
-letters specifying output formats, you do not have to remember whether
-unit size or format comes first; either order works.  The output
-specifications @samp{4xw} and @samp{4wx} mean exactly the same thing.
-(However, the count @var{n} must come first; @samp{wx4} does not work.)
-
-Even though the unit size @var{u} is ignored for the formats @samp{s}
-and @samp{i}, you might still want to use a count @var{n}; for example,
-@samp{3i} specifies that you want to see three machine instructions,
-including any operands.  The command @code{disassemble} gives an
-alternative way of inspecting machine instructions; @pxref{Machine
-Code,,Source and machine code}.
-
-All the defaults for the arguments to @code{x} are designed to make it
-easy to continue scanning memory with minimal specifications each time
-you use @code{x}.  For example, after you have inspected three machine
-instructions with @samp{x/3i @var{addr}}, you can inspect the next seven
-with just @samp{x/7}.  If you use @key{RET} to repeat the @code{x} command,
-the repeat count @var{n} is used again; the other arguments default as
-for successive uses of @code{x}.
-
-@cindex @code{$_}, @code{$__}, and value history
-The addresses and contents printed by the @code{x} command are not saved
-in the value history because there is often too much of them and they
-would get in the way.  Instead, @value{GDBN} makes these values available for
-subsequent use in expressions as values of the convenience variables
-@code{$_} and @code{$__}.  After an @code{x} command, the last address
-examined is available for use in expressions in the convenience variable
-@code{$_}.  The contents of that address, as examined, are available in
-the convenience variable @code{$__}.
-
-If the @code{x} command has a repeat count, the address and contents saved
-are from the last memory unit printed; this is not the same as the last
-address printed if several units were printed on the last line of output.
-
-@node Auto Display
-@section Automatic display
-@cindex automatic display
-@cindex display of expressions
-
-If you find that you want to print the value of an expression frequently
-(to see how it changes), you might want to add it to the @dfn{automatic
-display list} so that @value{GDBN} prints its value each time your program stops.
-Each expression added to the list is given a number to identify it;
-to remove an expression from the list, you specify that number.
-The automatic display looks like this:
-
-@example
-2: foo = 38
-3: bar[5] = (struct hack *) 0x3804
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-This display shows item numbers, expressions and their current values.  As with
-displays you request manually using @code{x} or @code{print}, you can
-specify the output format you prefer; in fact, @code{display} decides
-whether to use @code{print} or @code{x} depending on how elaborate your
-format specification is---it uses @code{x} if you specify a unit size,
-or one of the two formats (@samp{i} and @samp{s}) that are only
-supported by @code{x}; otherwise it uses @code{print}.
-
-@table @code
-@item display @var{exp}
-@kindex display
-Add the expression @var{exp} to the list of expressions to display
-each time your program stops.  @xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.
-
-@code{display} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after using it.
-
-@item display/@var{fmt} @var{exp}
-For @var{fmt} specifying only a display format and not a size or
-count, add the expression @var{exp} to the auto-display list but
-arrange to display it each time in the specified format @var{fmt}.
-@xref{Output Formats,,Output formats}.
-
-@item display/@var{fmt} @var{addr}
-For @var{fmt} @samp{i} or @samp{s}, or including a unit-size or a
-number of units, add the expression @var{addr} as a memory address to
-be examined each time your program stops.  Examining means in effect
-doing @samp{x/@var{fmt} @var{addr}}.  @xref{Memory, ,Examining memory}.
-@end table
-
-For example, @samp{display/i $pc} can be helpful, to see the machine
-instruction about to be executed each time execution stops (@samp{$pc}
-is a common name for the program counter; @pxref{Registers}).
-
-@table @code
-@item undisplay @var{dnums}@dots{}
-@itemx delete display @var{dnums}@dots{}
-@kindex delete display
-@kindex undisplay
-Remove item numbers @var{dnums} from the list of expressions to display.
-
-@code{undisplay} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} after using it.
-(Otherwise you would just get the error @samp{No display number @dots{}}.)
-
-@item disable display @var{dnums}@dots{}
-@kindex disable display
-Disable the display of item numbers @var{dnums}.  A disabled display
-item is not printed automatically, but is not forgotten.  It may be
-enabled again later.
-
-@item enable display @var{dnums}@dots{}
-@kindex enable display
-Enable display of item numbers @var{dnums}.  It becomes effective once
-again in auto display of its expression, until you specify otherwise.
-
-@item display
-Display the current values of the expressions on the list, just as is
-done when your program stops.
-
-@item info display
-@kindex info display
-Print the list of expressions previously set up to display
-automatically, each one with its item number, but without showing the
-values.  This includes disabled expressions, which are marked as such.
-It also includes expressions which would not be displayed right now
-because they refer to automatic variables not currently available.
-@end table
-
-If a display expression refers to local variables, then it does not make
-sense outside the lexical context for which it was set up.  Such an
-expression is disabled when execution enters a context where one of its
-variables is not defined.  For example, if you give the command
-@code{display last_char} while inside a function with an argument
-@code{last_char}, @value{GDBN} displays this argument while your program
-continues to stop inside that function.  When it stops elsewhere---where
-there is no variable @code{last_char}---the display is disabled
-automatically.  The next time your program stops where @code{last_char}
-is meaningful, you can enable the display expression once again.
-
-@node Print Settings
-@section Print settings
-
-@cindex format options
-@cindex print settings
-@value{GDBN} provides the following ways to control how arrays, structures,
-and symbols are printed.
-
-@noindent
-These settings are useful for debugging programs in any language:
-
-@table @code
-@item set print address
-@itemx set print address on
-@kindex set print address
-@value{GDBN} prints memory addresses showing the location of stack
-traces, structure values, pointer values, breakpoints, and so forth,
-even when it also displays the contents of those addresses.  The default
-is @code{on}.  For example, this is what a stack frame display looks like, with
-@code{set print address on}:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) f
-#0  set_quotes (lq=0x34c78 "<<", rq=0x34c88 ">>")
-    at input.c:530
-530         if (lquote != def_lquote)
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@item set print address off
-Do not print addresses when displaying their contents.  For example,
-this is the same stack frame displayed with @code{set print address off}:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) set print addr off
-(@value{GDBP}) f
-#0  set_quotes (lq="<<", rq=">>") at input.c:530
-530         if (lquote != def_lquote)
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-You can use @samp{set print address off} to eliminate all machine
-dependent displays from the @value{GDBN} interface.  For example, with
-@code{print address off}, you should get the same text for backtraces on
-all machines---whether or not they involve pointer arguments.
-
-@item show print address
-@kindex show print address
-Show whether or not addresses are to be printed.
-@end table
-
-When @value{GDBN} prints a symbolic address, it normally prints the
-closest earlier symbol plus an offset.  If that symbol does not uniquely
-identify the address (for example, it is a name whose scope is a single
-source file), you may need to disambiguate.  One way to do this is with
-@code{info line}, for example @samp{info line *0x4537}.  Alternately,
-you can set @value{GDBN} to print the source file and line number when
-it prints a symbolic address:
-
-@table @code
-@item set print symbol-filename on
-@kindex set print symbol-filename
-Tell @value{GDBN} to print the source file name and line number of a
-symbol in the symbolic form of an address.
-
-@item set print symbol-filename off
-Do not print source file name and line number of a symbol.  This is the
-default.
-
-@item show print symbol-filename
-@kindex show print symbol-filename
-Show whether or not @value{GDBN} will print the source file name and
-line number of a symbol in the symbolic form of an address.
-@end table
-
-Another situation where it is helpful to show symbol filenames and line
-numbers is when disassembling code; @value{GDBN} shows you the line
-number and source file that corresponds to each instruction.
-
-Also, you may wish to see the symbolic form only if the address being
-printed is reasonably close to the closest earlier symbol:
-
-@table @code
-@item set print max-symbolic-offset @var{max-offset}
-@kindex set print max-symbolic-offset
-Tell @value{GDBN} to only display the symbolic form of an address if the
-offset between the closest earlier symbol and the address is less than
-@var{max-offset}.  The default is 0, which means to always print the
-symbolic form of an address, if any symbol precedes it.
-
-@item show print max-symbolic-offset
-@kindex show print max-symbolic-offset
-Ask how large the maximum offset is that @value{GDBN} prints in a
-symbolic address.
-@end table
-
-@cindex wild pointer, interpreting
-@cindex pointer, finding referent
-If you have a pointer and you are not sure where it points, try
-@samp{set print symbol-filename on}.  Then you can determine the name
-and source file location of the variable where it points, using
-@samp{p/a @var{pointer}}.  This interprets the address in symbolic form.
-For example, here @value{GDBN} shows that a variable @code{ptt} points
-at another variable @code{t}, defined in @file{hi2.c}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) set print symbol-filename on
-(@value{GDBP}) p/a ptt
-$4 = 0xe008 <t in hi2.c>
-@end example
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} For pointers that point to a local variable, @samp{p/a}
-does not show the symbol name and filename of the referent, even with
-the appropriate @code{set print} options turned on.
-@end quotation
-
-Other settings control how different kinds of objects are printed:
-
-@table @code
-@item set print array
-@itemx set print array on
-@kindex set print array
-Pretty-print arrays.  This format is more convenient to read,
-but uses more space.  The default is off.
-
-@item set print array off
-Return to compressed format for arrays.
-
-@item show print array
-@kindex show print array
-Show whether compressed or pretty format is selected for displaying
-arrays.
-
-@item set print elements @var{number-of-elements}
-@kindex set print elements
-If @value{GDBN} is printing a large array, it stops printing after it has
-printed the number of elements set by the @code{set print elements} command.
-This limit also applies to the display of strings.
-Setting the number of elements to zero means that the printing is unlimited.
-
-@item show print elements
-@kindex show print elements
-Display the number of elements of a large array that @value{GDBN} prints
-before losing patience.
-
-@item set print pretty on
-@kindex set print pretty
-Cause @value{GDBN} to print structures in an indented format with one member per
-line, like this:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-$1 = @{
-  next = 0x0,
-  flags = @{
-    sweet = 1,
-    sour = 1
-  @},
-  meat = 0x54 "Pork"
-@}
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@item set print pretty off
-Cause @value{GDBN} to print structures in a compact format, like this:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-$1 = @{next = 0x0, flags = @{sweet = 1, sour = 1@}, \
-meat = 0x54 "Pork"@}
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-This is the default format.
-
-@item show print pretty
-@kindex show print pretty
-Show which format @value{GDBN} is using to print structures.
-
-@item set print sevenbit-strings on
-@kindex set print sevenbit-strings
-Print using only seven-bit characters; if this option is set,
-@value{GDBN} displays any eight-bit characters (in strings or
-character values) using the notation @code{\}@var{nnn}.  This setting is
-best if you are working in English (@sc{ascii}) and you use the
-high-order bit of characters as a marker or ``meta'' bit.
-
-@item set print sevenbit-strings off
-Print full eight-bit characters.  This allows the use of more
-international character sets, and is the default.
-
-@item show print sevenbit-strings
-@kindex show print sevenbit-strings
-Show whether or not @value{GDBN} is printing only seven-bit characters.
-
-@item set print union on
-@kindex set print union
-Tell @value{GDBN} to print unions which are contained in structures.  This is the
-default setting.
-
-@item set print union off
-Tell @value{GDBN} not to print unions which are contained in structures.
-
-@item show print union
-@kindex show print union
-Ask @value{GDBN} whether or not it will print unions which are contained in
-structures.
-
-For example, given the declarations
-
-@smallexample
-typedef enum @{Tree, Bug@} Species;
-typedef enum @{Big_tree, Acorn, Seedling@} Tree_forms;
-typedef enum @{Caterpillar, Cocoon, Butterfly@} 
-              Bug_forms;
-
-struct thing @{
-  Species it;
-  union @{
-    Tree_forms tree;
-    Bug_forms bug;
-  @} form;
-@};
-
-struct thing foo = @{Tree, @{Acorn@}@};
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-with @code{set print union on} in effect @samp{p foo} would print
-
-@smallexample
-$1 = @{it = Tree, form = @{tree = Acorn, bug = Cocoon@}@}
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-and with @code{set print union off} in effect it would print
-
-@smallexample
-$1 = @{it = Tree, form = @{...@}@}
-@end smallexample
-@end table
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@need 1000
-@noindent
-These settings are of interest when debugging C++ programs:
-
-@table @code
-@item set print demangle
-@itemx set print demangle on
-@kindex set print demangle
-Print C++ names in their source form rather than in the encoded
-(``mangled'') form passed to the assembler and linker for type-safe
-linkage.  The default is @samp{on}.
-
-@item show print demangle
-@kindex show print demangle
-Show whether C++ names are printed in mangled or demangled form.
-
-@item set print asm-demangle
-@itemx set print asm-demangle on
-@kindex set print asm-demangle
-Print C++ names in their source form rather than their mangled form, even
-in assembler code printouts such as instruction disassemblies.
-The default is off.
-
-@item show print asm-demangle
-@kindex show print asm-demangle
-Show whether C++ names in assembly listings are printed in mangled
-or demangled form.
-
-@item set demangle-style @var{style}
-@kindex set demangle-style
-@cindex C++ symbol decoding style
-@cindex symbol decoding style, C++
-Choose among several encoding schemes used by different compilers to
-represent C++ names.  The choices for @var{style} are currently:
-
-@table @code
-@item auto
-Allow @value{GDBN} to choose a decoding style by inspecting your program.
-
-@item gnu
-Decode based on the GNU C++ compiler (@code{g++}) encoding algorithm.
-
-@item lucid
-Decode based on the Lucid C++ compiler (@code{lcc}) encoding algorithm.
-
-@item arm
-Decode using the algorithm in the @cite{C++ Annotated Reference Manual}.
-@strong{Warning:} this setting alone is not sufficient to allow
-debugging @code{cfront}-generated executables.  @value{GDBN} would
-require further enhancement to permit that.
-@end table
-
-@item show demangle-style
-@kindex show demangle-style
-Display the encoding style currently in use for decoding C++ symbols.
-
-@item set print object
-@itemx set print object on
-@kindex set print object
-When displaying a pointer to an object, identify the @emph{actual}
-(derived) type of the object rather than the @emph{declared} type, using
-the virtual function table.
-
-@item set print object off
-Display only the declared type of objects, without reference to the
-virtual function table.  This is the default setting.
-
-@item show print object
-@kindex show print object
-Show whether actual, or declared, object types are displayed.
-
-@item set print vtbl
-@itemx set print vtbl on
-@kindex set print vtbl
-Pretty print C++ virtual function tables.  The default is off.
-
-@item set print vtbl off
-Do not pretty print C++ virtual function tables.
-
-@item show print vtbl
-@kindex show print vtbl
-Show whether C++ virtual function tables are pretty printed, or not.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Value History
-@section Value history
-
-@cindex value history
-Values printed by the @code{print} command are saved in the @value{GDBN} @dfn{value
-history} so that you can refer to them in other expressions.  Values are
-kept until the symbol table is re-read or discarded (for example with
-the @code{file} or @code{symbol-file} commands).  When the symbol table
-changes, the value history is discarded, since the values may contain
-pointers back to the types defined in the symbol table.
-
-@cindex @code{$}
-@cindex @code{$$}
-@cindex history number
-The values printed are given @dfn{history numbers} by which you can
-refer to them.  These are successive integers starting with one.
-@code{print} shows you the history number assigned to a value by
-printing @samp{$@var{num} = } before the value; here @var{num} is the
-history number.
-
-To refer to any previous value, use @samp{$} followed by the value's
-history number.  The way @code{print} labels its output is designed to
-remind you of this.  Just @code{$} refers to the most recent value in
-the history, and @code{$$} refers to the value before that.
-@code{$$@var{n}} refers to the @var{n}th value from the end; @code{$$2}
-is the value just prior to @code{$$}, @code{$$1} is equivalent to
-@code{$$}, and @code{$$0} is equivalent to @code{$}.
-
-For example, suppose you have just printed a pointer to a structure and
-want to see the contents of the structure.  It suffices to type
-
-@example
-p *$
-@end example
-
-If you have a chain of structures where the component @code{next} points
-to the next one, you can print the contents of the next one with this:
-
-@example
-p *$.next
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-You can print successive links in the chain by repeating this
-command---which you can do by just typing @key{RET}.
-
-Note that the history records values, not expressions.  If the value of
-@code{x} is 4 and you type these commands:
-
-@example
-print x
-set x=5
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-then the value recorded in the value history by the @code{print} command
-remains 4 even though the value of @code{x} has changed.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex show values
-@item show values
-Print the last ten values in the value history, with their item numbers.
-This is like @samp{p@ $$9} repeated ten times, except that @code{show
-values} does not change the history.
-
-@item show values @var{n}
-Print ten history values centered on history item number @var{n}.
-
-@item show values +
-Print ten history values just after the values last printed.  If no more
-values are available, produces no display.
-@end table
-
-Pressing @key{RET} to repeat @code{show values @var{n}} has exactly the
-same effect as @samp{show values +}.
-
-@node Convenience Vars
-@section Convenience variables
-
-@cindex convenience variables
-@value{GDBN} provides @dfn{convenience variables} that you can use within
-@value{GDBN} to hold on to a value and refer to it later.  These variables
-exist entirely within @value{GDBN}; they are not part of your program, and
-setting a convenience variable has no direct effect on further execution
-of your program.  That is why you can use them freely.
-
-Convenience variables are prefixed with @samp{$}.  Any name preceded by
-@samp{$} can be used for a convenience variable, unless it is one of
-the predefined machine-specific register names (@pxref{Registers}).
-(Value history references, in contrast, are @emph{numbers} preceded
-by @samp{$}.  @xref{Value History, ,Value history}.)
-
-You can save a value in a convenience variable with an assignment
-expression, just as you would set a variable in your program.
-For example:
-
-@example
-set $foo = *object_ptr
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-would save in @code{$foo} the value contained in the object pointed to by
-@code{object_ptr}.
-
-Using a convenience variable for the first time creates it, but its
-value is @code{void} until you assign a new value.  You can alter the
-value with another assignment at any time.
-
-Convenience variables have no fixed types.  You can assign a convenience
-variable any type of value, including structures and arrays, even if
-that variable already has a value of a different type.  The convenience
-variable, when used as an expression, has the type of its current value.
-
-@table @code
-@item show convenience
-@kindex show convenience
-Print a list of convenience variables used so far, and their values.
-Abbreviated @code{show con}.
-@end table
-
-One of the ways to use a convenience variable is as a counter to be
-incremented or a pointer to be advanced.  For example, to print
-a field from successive elements of an array of structures:
-
-@example
-set $i = 0
-print bar[$i++]->contents
-@i{@dots{} repeat that command by typing @key{RET}.}
-@end example
-
-Some convenience variables are created automatically by @value{GDBN} and given
-values likely to be useful.
-
-@table @code
-@item $_
-@kindex $_
-The variable @code{$_} is automatically set by the @code{x} command to
-the last address examined (@pxref{Memory, ,Examining memory}).  Other
-commands which provide a default address for @code{x} to examine also
-set @code{$_} to that address; these commands include @code{info line}
-and @code{info breakpoint}.  The type of @code{$_} is @code{void *}
-except when set by the @code{x} command, in which case it is a pointer
-to the type of @code{$__}.
-
-@item $__
-@kindex $__
-The variable @code{$__} is automatically set by the @code{x} command
-to the value found in the last address examined.  Its type is chosen
-to match the format in which the data was printed.
-@end table
-
-@node Registers
-@section Registers
-
-@cindex registers
-You can refer to machine register contents, in expressions, as variables
-with names starting with @samp{$}.  The names of registers are different
-for each machine; use @code{info registers} to see the names used on
-your machine.
-
-@table @code
-@item info registers
-@kindex info registers
-Print the names and values of all registers except floating-point
-registers (in the selected stack frame).
-
-@item info all-registers
-@kindex info all-registers
-@cindex floating point registers
-Print the names and values of all registers, including floating-point
-registers.
-
-@item info registers @var{regname} @dots{}
-Print the relativized value of each specified register @var{regname}.  
-@var{regname} may be any register name valid on the machine you are using, with
-or without the initial @samp{$}.
-@end table
-
-@value{GDBN} has four ``standard'' register names that are available (in
-expressions) on most machines---whenever they do not conflict with an
-architecture's canonical mnemonics for registers.  The register names
-@code{$pc} and @code{$sp} are used for the program counter register and
-the stack pointer.  @code{$fp} is used for a register that contains a
-pointer to the current stack frame, and @code{$ps} is used for a
-register that contains the processor status.  For example,
-you could print the program counter in hex with
-
-@example
-p/x $pc
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-or print the instruction to be executed next with
-
-@example
-x/i $pc
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-or add four to the stack pointer@footnote{This is a way of removing
-one word from the stack, on machines where stacks grow downward in
-memory (most machines, nowadays).  This assumes that the innermost
-stack frame is selected; setting @code{$sp} is not allowed when other
-stack frames are selected.  To pop entire frames off the stack,
-regardless of machine architecture, use @code{return};
-@pxref{Returning, ,Returning from a function}.} with
-
-@example
-set $sp += 4
-@end example
-
-Whenever possible, these four standard register names are available on
-your machine even though the machine has different canonical mnemonics,
-so long as there is no conflict.  The @code{info registers} command
-shows the canonical names.  For example, on the SPARC, @code{info
-registers} displays the processor status register as @code{$psr} but you
-can also refer to it as @code{$ps}.
-
-@value{GDBN} always considers the contents of an ordinary register as an
-integer when the register is examined in this way.  Some machines have
-special registers which can hold nothing but floating point; these
-registers are considered to have floating point values.  There is no way
-to refer to the contents of an ordinary register as floating point value
-(although you can @emph{print} it as a floating point value with
-@samp{print/f $@var{regname}}).
-
-Some registers have distinct ``raw'' and ``virtual'' data formats.  This
-means that the data format in which the register contents are saved by
-the operating system is not the same one that your program normally
-sees.  For example, the registers of the 68881 floating point
-coprocessor are always saved in ``extended'' (raw) format, but all C
-programs expect to work with ``double'' (virtual) format.  In such
-cases, @value{GDBN} normally works with the virtual format only (the format that
-makes sense for your program), but the @code{info registers} command
-prints the data in both formats.
-
-Normally, register values are relative to the selected stack frame
-(@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}).  This means that you get the
-value that the register would contain if all stack frames farther in
-were exited and their saved registers restored.  In order to see the
-true contents of hardware registers, you must select the innermost
-frame (with @samp{frame 0}).
-
-However, @value{GDBN} must deduce where registers are saved, from the machine
-code generated by your compiler.  If some registers are not saved, or if
-@value{GDBN} is unable to locate the saved registers, the selected stack
-frame makes no difference.
-
-@ifset AMD29K
-@table @code
-@item set rstack_high_address @var{address}
-@kindex set rstack_high_address
-@cindex AMD 29K register stack
-@cindex register stack, AMD29K
-On AMD 29000 family processors, registers are saved in a separate
-``register stack''.  There is no way for @value{GDBN} to determine the extent
-of this stack.  Normally, @value{GDBN} just assumes that the stack is ``large
-enough''.  This may result in @value{GDBN} referencing memory locations that
-do not exist.  If necessary, you can get around this problem by
-specifying the ending address of the register stack with the @code{set
-rstack_high_address} command.  The argument should be an address, which
-you probably want to precede with @samp{0x} to specify in
-hexadecimal.
-
-@item show rstack_high_address
-@kindex show rstack_high_address
-Display the current limit of the register stack, on AMD 29000 family
-processors.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear HAVE-FLOAT
-@node Floating Point Hardware
-@section Floating point hardware
-@cindex floating point
-
-@c FIXME! Really host, not target?
-Depending on the host machine architecture, @value{GDBN} may be able to give
-you more information about the status of the floating point hardware.
-
-@table @code
-@item info float
-@kindex info float
-Display hardware-dependent information about the floating
-point unit.  The exact contents and layout vary depending on the
-floating point chip; on some platforms, @samp{info float} is not
-available at all.
-@end table
-@c FIXME: this is a cop-out.  Try to get examples, explanations.  Only
-@c FIXME...supported currently on arm's and 386's.  Mark properly with
-@c FIXME... m4 macros to isolate general statements from hardware-dep,
-@c FIXME... at that point.
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Languages
-@chapter Using @value{GDBN} with Different Languages
-@cindex languages
-
-@ifset MOD2
-Although programming languages generally have common aspects, they are
-rarely expressed in the same manner.  For instance, in ANSI C,
-dereferencing a pointer @code{p} is accomplished by @code{*p}, but in
-Modula-2, it is accomplished by @code{p^}.  Values can also be
-represented (and displayed) differently.  Hex numbers in C are written
-like @samp{0x1ae}, while in Modula-2 they appear as @samp{1AEH}.
-@end ifset
-
-@cindex working language
-Language-specific information is built into @value{GDBN} for some languages,
-allowing you to express operations like the above in your program's
-native language, and allowing @value{GDBN} to output values in a manner
-consistent with the syntax of your program's native language.  The
-language you use to build expressions, called the @dfn{working
-language}, can be selected manually, or @value{GDBN} can set it
-automatically.
-
-@menu
-* Setting::                     Switching between source languages
-* Show::                        Displaying the language
-@ifset MOD2
-* Checks::                      Type and range checks
-@end ifset
-
-* Support::                     Supported languages
-@end menu
-
-@node Setting
-@section Switching between source languages
-
-There are two ways to control the working language---either have @value{GDBN}
-set it automatically, or select it manually yourself.  You can use the
-@code{set language} command for either purpose.  On startup, @value{GDBN}
-defaults to setting the language automatically.
-
-@menu
-* Manually::                    Setting the working language manually
-* Automatically::               Having @value{GDBN} infer the source language
-@end menu
-
-@node Manually
-@subsection Setting the working language
-
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set the language automatically,
-expressions are interpreted the same way in your debugging session and
-your program.
-
-@kindex set language
-If you wish, you may set the language manually.  To do this, issue the
-command @samp{set language @var{lang}}, where @var{lang} is the name of
-a language, such as 
-@ifclear MOD2
-@code{c}.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset MOD2
-@code{c} or @code{modula-2}.
-@end ifset
-For a list of the supported languages, type @samp{set language}.
-@c FIXME: rms: eventually this command should be "help set language".
-
-@ifset MOD2
-Setting the language manually prevents @value{GDBN} from updating the working
-language automatically.  This can lead to confusion if you try
-to debug a program when the working language is not the same as the
-source language, when an expression is acceptable to both
-languages---but means different things.  For instance, if the current
-source file were written in C, and @value{GDBN} was parsing Modula-2, a
-command such as:
-
-@example
-print a = b + c
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-might not have the effect you intended.  In C, this means to add
-@code{b} and @code{c} and place the result in @code{a}.  The result
-printed would be the value of @code{a}.  In Modula-2, this means to compare
-@code{a} to the result of @code{b+c}, yielding a @code{BOOLEAN} value.
-@end ifset
-
-@node Automatically
-@subsection Having @value{GDBN} infer the source language
-
-To have @value{GDBN} set the working language automatically, use @samp{set
-language local} or @samp{set language auto}.  @value{GDBN} then infers the
-language that a program was written in by looking at the name of its
-source files, and examining their extensions:
-
-@table @file
-@ifset MOD2
-@item *.mod
-Modula-2 source file
-@end ifset
-
-@item *.c
-C source file
-
-@item *.C
-@itemx *.cc
-C++ source file
-@end table
-
-This information is recorded for each function or procedure in a source
-file.  When your program stops in a frame (usually by encountering a
-breakpoint), @value{GDBN} sets the working language to the language recorded
-for the function in that frame.  If the language for a frame is unknown
-(that is, if the function or block corresponding to the frame was
-defined in a source file that does not have a recognized extension), the
-current working language is not changed, and @value{GDBN} issues a warning.
-
-This may not seem necessary for most programs, which are written
-entirely in one source language.  However, program modules and libraries
-written in one source language can be used by a main program written in
-a different source language.  Using @samp{set language auto} in this
-case frees you from having to set the working language manually.
-
-@node Show
-@section Displaying the language
-
-The following commands help you find out which language is the
-working language, and also what language source files were written in.
-
-@kindex show language
-@kindex info frame
-@kindex info source
-@table @code
-@item show language
-Display the current working language.  This is the
-language you can use with commands such as @code{print} to
-build and compute expressions that may involve variables in your program.
-
-@item info frame
-Among the other information listed here (@pxref{Frame Info, ,Information
-about a frame}) is the source language for this frame.  This
-language becomes the working language if you use an
-identifier from this frame.
-
-@item info source
-Among the other information listed here (@pxref{Symbols, ,Examining the
-Symbol Table}) is the source language of this source file.
-@end table
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Checks
-@section Type and range checking
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} In this release, the @value{GDBN} commands for type and range
-checking are included, but they do not yet have any effect.  This
-section documents the intended facilities.
-@end quotation
-@c FIXME remove warning when type/range code added
-
-Some languages are designed to guard you against making seemingly common
-errors through a series of compile- and run-time checks.  These include
-checking the type of arguments to functions and operators, and making
-sure mathematical overflows are caught at run time.  Checks such as
-these help to ensure a program's correctness once it has been compiled
-by eliminating type mismatches, and providing active checks for range
-errors when your program is running.
-
-@value{GDBN} can check for conditions like the above if you wish.
-Although @value{GDBN} does not check the statements in your program, it
-can check expressions entered directly into @value{GDBN} for evaluation via
-the @code{print} command, for example.  As with the working language,
-@value{GDBN} can also decide whether or not to check automatically based on
-your program's source language.  @xref{Support, ,Supported languages},
-for the default settings of supported languages.
-
-@menu
-* Type Checking::               An overview of type checking
-* Range Checking::              An overview of range checking
-@end menu
-
-@cindex type checking
-@cindex checks, type
-@node Type Checking
-@subsection An overview of type checking
-
-Some languages, such as Modula-2, are strongly typed, meaning that the
-arguments to operators and functions have to be of the correct type,
-otherwise an error occurs.  These checks prevent type mismatch
-errors from ever causing any run-time problems.  For example,
-
-@example
-1 + 2 @result{} 3
-@exdent but
-@error{} 1 + 2.3
-@end example
-
-The second example fails because the @code{CARDINAL} 1 is not
-type-compatible with the @code{REAL} 2.3.
-
-For expressions you use in @value{GDBN} commands, you can tell the @value{GDBN}
-type checker to skip checking; to treat any mismatches as errors and
-abandon the expression; or only issue warnings when type mismatches
-occur, but evaluate the expression anyway.  When you choose the last of
-these, @value{GDBN} evaluates expressions like the second example above, but
-also issues a warning.
-
-Even though you may turn type checking off, other type-based reasons may
-prevent @value{GDBN} from evaluating an expression.  For instance, @value{GDBN} does not
-know how to add an @code{int} and a @code{struct foo}.  These particular
-type errors have nothing to do with the language in use, and usually
-arise from expressions, such as the one described above, which make
-little sense to evaluate anyway.
-
-Each language defines to what degree it is strict about type.  For
-instance, both Modula-2 and C require the arguments to arithmetical
-operators to be numbers.  In C, enumerated types and pointers can be
-represented as numbers, so that they are valid arguments to mathematical
-operators.  @xref{Support, ,Supported languages}, for further
-details on specific languages.
-
-@value{GDBN} provides some additional commands for controlling the type checker:
-
-@kindex set check
-@kindex set check type
-@kindex show check type
-@table @code
-@item set check type auto
-Set type checking on or off based on the current working language.
-@xref{Support, ,Supported languages}, for the default settings for
-each language.
-
-@item set check type on
-@itemx set check type off
-Set type checking on or off, overriding the default setting for the
-current working language.  Issue a warning if the setting does not
-match the language default.  If any type mismatches occur in
-evaluating an expression while typechecking is on, @value{GDBN} prints a
-message and aborts evaluation of the expression.
-
-@item set check type warn
-Cause the type checker to issue warnings, but to always attempt to
-evaluate the expression.  Evaluating the expression may still
-be impossible for other reasons.  For example, @value{GDBN} cannot add
-numbers and structures.
-
-@item show type
-Show the current setting of the type checker, and whether or not @value{GDBN} is
-setting it automatically.
-@end table
-
-@cindex range checking
-@cindex checks, range
-@node Range Checking
-@subsection An overview of range checking
-
-In some languages (such as Modula-2), it is an error to exceed the
-bounds of a type; this is enforced with run-time checks.  Such range
-checking is meant to ensure program correctness by making sure
-computations do not overflow, or indices on an array element access do
-not exceed the bounds of the array.
-
-For expressions you use in @value{GDBN} commands, you can tell
-@value{GDBN} to treat range errors in one of three ways: ignore them,
-always treat them as errors and abandon the expression, or issue
-warnings but evaluate the expression anyway.
-
-A range error can result from numerical overflow, from exceeding an
-array index bound, or when you type a constant that is not a member
-of any type.  Some languages, however, do not treat overflows as an
-error.  In many implementations of C, mathematical overflow causes the
-result to ``wrap around'' to lower values---for example, if @var{m} is
-the largest integer value, and @var{s} is the smallest, then
-
-@example
-@var{m} + 1 @result{} @var{s}
-@end example
-
-This, too, is specific to individual languages, and in some cases
-specific to individual compilers or machines.  @xref{Support, ,
-Supported languages}, for further details on specific languages.
-
-@value{GDBN} provides some additional commands for controlling the range checker:
-
-@kindex set check
-@kindex set check range
-@kindex show check range
-@table @code
-@item set check range auto
-Set range checking on or off based on the current working language.
-@xref{Support, ,Supported languages}, for the default settings for
-each language.
-
-@item set check range on
-@itemx set check range off
-Set range checking on or off, overriding the default setting for the
-current working language.  A warning is issued if the setting does not
-match the language default.  If a range error occurs, then a message
-is printed and evaluation of the expression is aborted.
-
-@item set check range warn
-Output messages when the @value{GDBN} range checker detects a range error,
-but attempt to evaluate the expression anyway.  Evaluating the
-expression may still be impossible for other reasons, such as accessing
-memory that the process does not own (a typical example from many Unix
-systems).
-
-@item show range
-Show the current setting of the range checker, and whether or not it is
-being set automatically by @value{GDBN}.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@node Support
-@section Supported languages
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@value{GDBN} 4 supports C, C++, and Modula-2.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@value{GDBN} 4 supports C, and C++.
-@end ifclear
-Some @value{GDBN} features may be used in expressions regardless of the
-language you use: the @value{GDBN} @code{@@} and @code{::} operators,
-and the @samp{@{type@}addr} construct (@pxref{Expressions,
-,Expressions}) can be used with the constructs of any supported
-language.
-
-The following sections detail to what degree each source language is
-supported by @value{GDBN}.  These sections are not meant to be language
-tutorials or references, but serve only as a reference guide to what the
-@value{GDBN} expression parser accepts, and what input and output
-formats should look like for different languages.  There are many good
-books written on each of these languages; please look to these for a
-language reference or tutorial.
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@menu
-* C::                           C and C++
-* Modula-2::                    Modula-2
-@end menu
-
-@node C
-@subsection C and C++
-@cindex C and C++
-@cindex expressions in C or C++
-
-Since C and C++ are so closely related, many features of @value{GDBN} apply
-to both languages.  Whenever this is the case, we discuss both languages
-together.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@c Cancel this below, under same condition, at end of this chapter!
-@raisesections
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex C++
-@kindex g++
-@cindex GNU C++
-The C++ debugging facilities are jointly implemented by the GNU C++
-compiler and @value{GDBN}.  Therefore, to debug your C++ code
-effectively, you must compile your C++ programs with the GNU C++
-compiler, @code{g++}.
-
-For best results when debugging C++ programs, use the stabs debugging
-format.  You can select that format explicitly with the @code{g++}
-command-line options @samp{-gstabs} or @samp{-gstabs+}.  See
-@ref{Debugging Options,,Options for Debugging Your Program or GNU CC,
-gcc.info, Using GNU CC}, for more information.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-@node C
-@chapter C Language Support
-@cindex C language
-@cindex expressions in C
-
-Information specific to the C language is built into @value{GDBN} so that you
-can use C expressions while degugging.  This also permits @value{GDBN} to
-output values in a manner consistent with C conventions.
-
-@menu
-* C Operators::                 C operators
-* C Constants::                 C constants
-* Debugging C::                 @value{GDBN} and C
-@end menu
-@end ifset
-@ifclear CONLY
-@menu
-* C Operators::                 C and C++ operators
-* C Constants::                 C and C++ constants
-* Cplus expressions::           C++ expressions
-* C Defaults::                  Default settings for C and C++
-@ifset MOD2
-* C Checks::                    C and C++ type and range checks
-@end ifset
-
-* Debugging C::                 @value{GDBN} and C
-* Debugging C plus plus::       Special features for C++
-@end menu
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@cindex C and C++ operators
-@node C Operators
-@subsubsection C and C++ operators
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-@cindex C operators
-@node C Operators
-@section C operators
-@end ifset
-
-Operators must be defined on values of specific types.  For instance,
-@code{+} is defined on numbers, but not on structures.  Operators are
-often defined on groups of types.  
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-For the purposes of C and C++, the following definitions hold:
-@end ifclear
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@emph{Integral types} include @code{int} with any of its storage-class
-specifiers; @code{char}; and @code{enum}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Floating-point types} include @code{float} and @code{double}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Pointer types} include all types defined as @code{(@var{type}
-*)}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Scalar types} include all of the above.
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent
-The following operators are supported.  They are listed here
-in order of increasing precedence:
-
-@table @code
-@item ,
-The comma or sequencing operator.  Expressions in a comma-separated list
-are evaluated from left to right, with the result of the entire
-expression being the last expression evaluated.
-
-@item =
-Assignment.  The value of an assignment expression is the value
-assigned.  Defined on scalar types.
-
-@item @var{op}=
-Used in an expression of the form @w{@code{@var{a} @var{op}= @var{b}}},
-and translated to @w{@code{@var{a} = @var{a op b}}}.
-@w{@code{@var{op}=}} and @code{=} have the same precendence.
-@var{op} is any one of the operators @code{|}, @code{^}, @code{&},
-@code{<<}, @code{>>}, @code{+}, @code{-}, @code{*}, @code{/}, @code{%}.
-
-@item ?:
-The ternary operator.  @code{@var{a} ? @var{b} : @var{c}} can be thought
-of as:  if @var{a} then @var{b} else @var{c}.  @var{a} should be of an
-integral type.
-
-@item ||
-Logical @sc{or}.  Defined on integral types.
-
-@item &&
-Logical @sc{and}.  Defined on integral types.
-
-@item |
-Bitwise @sc{or}.  Defined on integral types.
-
-@item ^
-Bitwise exclusive-@sc{or}.  Defined on integral types.
-
-@item &
-Bitwise @sc{and}.  Defined on integral types.
-
-@item ==@r{, }!=
-Equality and inequality.  Defined on scalar types.  The value of these
-expressions is 0 for false and non-zero for true.
-
-@item <@r{, }>@r{, }<=@r{, }>=
-Less than, greater than, less than or equal, greater than or equal.
-Defined on scalar types.  The value of these expressions is 0 for false
-and non-zero for true.
-
-@item <<@r{, }>>
-left shift, and right shift.  Defined on integral types.
-
-@item @@
-The @value{GDBN} ``artificial array'' operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}).
-
-@item +@r{, }-
-Addition and subtraction.  Defined on integral types, floating-point types and
-pointer types.
-
-@item *@r{, }/@r{, }%
-Multiplication, division, and modulus.  Multiplication and division are
-defined on integral and floating-point types.  Modulus is defined on
-integral types.
-
-@item ++@r{, }--
-Increment and decrement.  When appearing before a variable, the
-operation is performed before the variable is used in an expression;
-when appearing after it, the variable's value is used before the
-operation takes place.
-
-@item *
-Pointer dereferencing.  Defined on pointer types.  Same precedence as
-@code{++}.
-
-@item &
-Address operator.  Defined on variables.  Same precedence as @code{++}.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-For debugging C++, @value{GDBN} implements a use of @samp{&} beyond what is
-allowed in the C++ language itself: you can use @samp{&(&@var{ref})}
-(or, if you prefer, simply @samp{&&@var{ref}}) to examine the address
-where a C++ reference variable (declared with @samp{&@var{ref}}) is
-stored.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item -
-Negative.  Defined on integral and floating-point types.  Same
-precedence as @code{++}.
-
-@item !
-Logical negation.  Defined on integral types.  Same precedence as
-@code{++}.
-
-@item ~
-Bitwise complement operator.  Defined on integral types.  Same precedence as
-@code{++}.
-
-
-@item .@r{, }->
-Structure member, and pointer-to-structure member.  For convenience,
-@value{GDBN} regards the two as equivalent, choosing whether to dereference a
-pointer based on the stored type information.
-Defined on @code{struct} and @code{union} data.
-
-@item []
-Array indexing.  @code{@var{a}[@var{i}]} is defined as
-@code{*(@var{a}+@var{i})}.  Same precedence as @code{->}.
-
-@item ()
-Function parameter list.  Same precedence as @code{->}.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@item ::
-C++ scope resolution operator.  Defined on
-@code{struct}, @code{union}, and @code{class} types.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item ::
-Doubled colons
-@ifclear CONLY
-also
-@end ifclear
-represent the @value{GDBN} scope operator (@pxref{Expressions,
-,Expressions}).
-@ifclear CONLY
-Same precedence as @code{::}, above.
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@cindex C and C++ constants
-@node C Constants
-@subsubsection C and C++ constants
-
-@value{GDBN} allows you to express the constants of C and C++ in the
-following ways:
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-@cindex C constants
-@node C Constants
-@section C constants
-
-@value{GDBN} allows you to express the constants of C in the
-following ways:
-@end ifset
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Integer constants are a sequence of digits.  Octal constants are
-specified by a leading @samp{0} (ie. zero), and hexadecimal constants by
-a leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X}.  Constants may also end with a letter
-@samp{l}, specifying that the constant should be treated as a
-@code{long} value.
-
-@item
-Floating point constants are a sequence of digits, followed by a decimal
-point, followed by a sequence of digits, and optionally followed by an
-exponent.  An exponent is of the form:
-@samp{@w{e@r{[[}+@r{]|}-@r{]}@var{nnn}}}, where @var{nnn} is another
-sequence of digits.  The @samp{+} is optional for positive exponents.
-
-@item
-Enumerated constants consist of enumerated identifiers, or their
-integral equivalents.
-
-@item
-Character constants are a single character surrounded by single quotes
-(@code{'}), or a number---the ordinal value of the corresponding character
-(usually its @sc{ASCII} value).  Within quotes, the single character may
-be represented by a letter or by @dfn{escape sequences}, which are of
-the form @samp{\@var{nnn}}, where @var{nnn} is the octal representation
-of the character's ordinal value; or of the form @samp{\@var{x}}, where
-@samp{@var{x}} is a predefined special character---for example,
-@samp{\n} for newline.
-
-@item
-String constants are a sequence of character constants surrounded
-by double quotes (@code{"}).
-
-@item
-Pointer constants are an integral value.  You can also write pointers
-to constants using the C operator @samp{&}.
-
-@item
-Array constants are comma-separated lists surrounded by braces @samp{@{}
-and @samp{@}}; for example, @samp{@{1,2,3@}} is a three-element array of
-integers, @samp{@{@{1,2@}, @{3,4@}, @{5,6@}@}} is a three-by-two array,
-and @samp{@{&"hi", &"there", &"fred"@}} is a three-element array of pointers.
-@end itemize
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Cplus expressions
-@subsubsection C++ expressions
-
-@cindex expressions in C++
-@value{GDBN} expression handling has a number of extensions to
-interpret a significant subset of C++ expressions.
-
-@cindex C++ support, not in @sc{coff}
-@cindex @sc{coff} versus C++
-@cindex C++ and object formats
-@cindex object formats and C++
-@cindex a.out and C++
-@cindex @sc{ecoff} and C++
-@cindex @sc{xcoff} and C++
-@cindex @sc{elf}/stabs and C++
-@cindex @sc{elf}/@sc{dwarf} and C++
-@c FIXME!! GDB may eventually be able to debug C++ using DWARF; check
-@c periodically whether this has happened...
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} @value{GDBN} can only debug C++ code if you compile with
-the GNU C++ compiler.  Moreover, C++ debugging depends on the use of
-additional debugging information in the symbol table, and thus requires
-special support.  @value{GDBN} has this support @emph{only} with the
-stabs debug format.  In particular, if your compiler generates a.out,
-MIPS @sc{ecoff}, RS/6000 @sc{xcoff}, or @sc{elf} with stabs extensions
-to the symbol table, these facilities are all available.  (With GNU CC,
-you can use the @samp{-gstabs} option to request stabs debugging
-extensions explicitly.)  Where the object code format is standard
-@sc{coff} or @sc{dwarf} in @sc{elf}, on the other hand, most of the C++
-support in @value{GDBN} does @emph{not} work.
-@end quotation
-
-@enumerate
-
-@cindex member functions
-@item
-Member function calls are allowed; you can use expressions like
-
-@example
-count = aml->GetOriginal(x, y)
-@end example
-
-@kindex this
-@cindex namespace in C++
-@item
-While a member function is active (in the selected stack frame), your
-expressions have the same namespace available as the member function;
-that is, @value{GDBN} allows implicit references to the class instance
-pointer @code{this} following the same rules as C++.
-
-@cindex call overloaded functions
-@cindex type conversions in C++
-@item
-You can call overloaded functions; @value{GDBN} resolves the function
-call to the right definition, with one restriction---you must use
-arguments of the type required by the function that you want to call.
-@value{GDBN} does not perform conversions requiring constructors or
-user-defined type operators.
-
-@cindex reference declarations
-@item
-@value{GDBN} understands variables declared as C++ references; you can use them in
-expressions just as you do in C++ source---they are automatically
-dereferenced.
-
-In the parameter list shown when @value{GDBN} displays a frame, the values of
-reference variables are not displayed (unlike other variables); this
-avoids clutter, since references are often used for large structures.
-The @emph{address} of a reference variable is always shown, unless
-you have specified @samp{set print address off}.
-
-@item
-@value{GDBN} supports the C++ name resolution operator @code{::}---your
-expressions can use it just as expressions in your program do.  Since
-one scope may be defined in another, you can use @code{::} repeatedly if
-necessary, for example in an expression like
-@samp{@var{scope1}::@var{scope2}::@var{name}}.  @value{GDBN} also allows
-resolving name scope by reference to source files, in both C and C++
-debugging (@pxref{Variables, ,Program variables}).
-@end enumerate
-
-@node C Defaults
-@subsubsection C and C++ defaults
-@cindex C and C++ defaults
-
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set type and range checking automatically, they
-both default to @code{off} whenever the working language changes to
-C or C++.  This happens regardless of whether you, or @value{GDBN},
-selected the working language.
-
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set the language automatically, it sets the
-working language to C or C++ on entering code compiled from a source file
-whose name ends with @file{.c}, @file{.C}, or @file{.cc}.
-@xref{Automatically, ,Having @value{GDBN} infer the source language}, for
-further details.
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@c Type checking is (a) primarily motivated by Modula-2, and (b)
-@c unimplemented.  If (b) changes, it might make sense to let this node
-@c appear even if Mod-2 does not, but meanwhile ignore it.  pesch 16jul93.
-@node C Checks
-@subsubsection C and C++ type and range checks
-@cindex C and C++ checks
-
-By default, when @value{GDBN} parses C or C++ expressions, type checking
-is not used.  However, if you turn type checking on, @value{GDBN}
-considers two variables type equivalent if:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-The two variables are structured and have the same structure, union, or
-enumerated tag.
-
-@item
-Two two variables have the same type name, or types that have been
-declared equivalent through @code{typedef}.
-
-@ignore
-@c leaving this out because neither J Gilmore nor R Pesch understand it.
-@c FIXME--beers?
-@item
-The two @code{struct}, @code{union}, or @code{enum} variables are
-declared in the same declaration.  (Note: this may not be true for all C
-compilers.)
-@end ignore
-@end itemize
-
-Range checking, if turned on, is done on mathematical operations.  Array
-indices are not checked, since they are often used to index a pointer
-that is not itself an array.
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Debugging C
-@subsubsection @value{GDBN} and C
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-@node Debugging C
-@section @value{GDBN} and C
-@end ifset
-
-The @code{set print union} and @code{show print union} commands apply to
-the @code{union} type.  When set to @samp{on}, any @code{union} that is
-inside a @code{struct}
-@ifclear CONLY
-or @code{class}
-@end ifclear
-is also printed.
-Otherwise, it appears as @samp{@{...@}}.
-
-The @code{@@} operator aids in the debugging of dynamic arrays, formed
-with pointers and a memory allocation function.  @xref{Expressions,
-,Expressions}.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Debugging C plus plus
-@subsubsection @value{GDBN} features for C++
-
-@cindex commands for C++
-Some @value{GDBN} commands are particularly useful with C++, and some are
-designed specifically for use with C++.  Here is a summary:
-
-@table @code
-@cindex break in overloaded functions
-@item @r{breakpoint menus}
-When you want a breakpoint in a function whose name is overloaded,
-@value{GDBN} breakpoint menus help you specify which function definition
-you want.  @xref{Breakpoint Menus,,Breakpoint menus}.
-
-@cindex overloading in C++
-@item rbreak @var{regex}
-Setting breakpoints using regular expressions is helpful for setting
-breakpoints on overloaded functions that are not members of any special
-classes.
-@xref{Set Breaks, ,Setting breakpoints}.
-
-@cindex C++ exception handling
-@item catch @var{exceptions}
-@itemx info catch
-Debug C++ exception handling using these commands.  @xref{Exception
-Handling, ,Breakpoints and exceptions}.
-
-@cindex inheritance
-@item ptype @var{typename}
-Print inheritance relationships as well as other information for type
-@var{typename}.
-@xref{Symbols, ,Examining the Symbol Table}.
-
-@cindex C++ symbol display
-@item set print demangle
-@itemx show print demangle
-@itemx set print asm-demangle
-@itemx show print asm-demangle
-Control whether C++ symbols display in their source form, both when
-displaying code as C++ source and when displaying disassemblies.
-@xref{Print Settings, ,Print settings}.
-
-@item set print object
-@itemx show print object
-Choose whether to print derived (actual) or declared types of objects.
-@xref{Print Settings, ,Print settings}.
-
-@item set print vtbl
-@itemx show print vtbl
-Control the format for printing virtual function tables.
-@xref{Print Settings, ,Print settings}.
-
-@item @r{Overloaded symbol names}
-You can specify a particular definition of an overloaded symbol, using
-the same notation that is used to declare such symbols in C++: type
-@code{@var{symbol}(@var{types})} rather than just @var{symbol}.  You can
-also use the @value{GDBN} command-line word completion facilities to list the
-available choices, or to finish the type list for you.
-@xref{Completion,, Command completion}, for details on how to do this.
-@end table
-@ifclear MOD2
-@c cancels "raisesections" under same conditions near bgn of chapter
-@lowersections
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Modula-2
-@subsection Modula-2
-@cindex Modula-2
-
-The extensions made to @value{GDBN} to support Modula-2 only support
-output from the GNU Modula-2 compiler (which is currently being
-developed).  Other Modula-2 compilers are not currently supported, and
-attempting to debug executables produced by them is most likely
-to give an error as @value{GDBN} reads in the executable's symbol
-table.
-
-@cindex expressions in Modula-2
-@menu
-* M2 Operators::                Built-in operators
-* Built-In Func/Proc::           Built-in functions and procedures
-* M2 Constants::                Modula-2 constants
-* M2 Defaults::                 Default settings for Modula-2
-* Deviations::                  Deviations from standard Modula-2
-* M2 Checks::                   Modula-2 type and range checks
-* M2 Scope::                    The scope operators @code{::} and @code{.}
-* GDB/M2::                      @value{GDBN} and Modula-2
-@end menu
-
-@node M2 Operators
-@subsubsection Operators
-@cindex Modula-2 operators
-
-Operators must be defined on values of specific types.  For instance,
-@code{+} is defined on numbers, but not on structures.  Operators are
-often defined on groups of types.  For the purposes of Modula-2, the
-following definitions hold:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item
-@emph{Integral types} consist of @code{INTEGER}, @code{CARDINAL}, and
-their subranges.
-
-@item
-@emph{Character types} consist of @code{CHAR} and its subranges.
-
-@item
-@emph{Floating-point types} consist of @code{REAL}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Pointer types} consist of anything declared as @code{POINTER TO
-@var{type}}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Scalar types} consist of all of the above.
-
-@item
-@emph{Set types} consist of @code{SET} and @code{BITSET} types.
-
-@item
-@emph{Boolean types} consist of @code{BOOLEAN}.
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent
-The following operators are supported, and appear in order of
-increasing precedence:
-
-@table @code
-@item ,
-Function argument or array index separator.
-
-@item :=
-Assignment.  The value of @var{var} @code{:=} @var{value} is
-@var{value}.
-
-@item <@r{, }>
-Less than, greater than on integral, floating-point, or enumerated
-types.
-
-@item <=@r{, }>=
-Less than, greater than, less than or equal to, greater than or equal to
-on integral, floating-point and enumerated types, or set inclusion on
-set types.  Same precedence as @code{<}.
-
-@item =@r{, }<>@r{, }#
-Equality and two ways of expressing inequality, valid on scalar types.
-Same precedence as @code{<}.  In @value{GDBN} scripts, only @code{<>} is
-available for inequality, since @code{#} conflicts with the script
-comment character.
-
-@item IN
-Set membership.  Defined on set types and the types of their members.
-Same precedence as @code{<}.
-
-@item OR
-Boolean disjunction.  Defined on boolean types.
-
-@item AND@r{, }&
-Boolean conjuction.  Defined on boolean types.
-
-@item @@
-The @value{GDBN} ``artificial array'' operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}).
-
-@item +@r{, }-
-Addition and subtraction on integral and floating-point types, or union
-and difference on set types.
-
-@item *
-Multiplication on integral and floating-point types, or set intersection
-on set types.
-
-@item /
-Division on floating-point types, or symmetric set difference on set
-types.  Same precedence as @code{*}.
-
-@item DIV@r{, }MOD
-Integer division and remainder.  Defined on integral types.  Same
-precedence as @code{*}.
-
-@item -
-Negative. Defined on @code{INTEGER} and @code{REAL} data.
-
-@item ^
-Pointer dereferencing.  Defined on pointer types.
-
-@item NOT
-Boolean negation.  Defined on boolean types.  Same precedence as
-@code{^}.
-
-@item .
-@code{RECORD} field selector.  Defined on @code{RECORD} data.  Same
-precedence as @code{^}.
-
-@item []
-Array indexing.  Defined on @code{ARRAY} data.  Same precedence as @code{^}.
-
-@item ()
-Procedure argument list.  Defined on @code{PROCEDURE} objects.  Same precedence
-as @code{^}.
-
-@item ::@r{, }.
-@value{GDBN} and Modula-2 scope operators.
-@end table
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} Sets and their operations are not yet supported, so @value{GDBN}
-treats the use of the operator @code{IN}, or the use of operators
-@code{+}, @code{-}, @code{*}, @code{/}, @code{=}, , @code{<>}, @code{#},
-@code{<=}, and @code{>=} on sets as an error.
-@end quotation
-
-@cindex Modula-2 built-ins
-@node Built-In Func/Proc
-@subsubsection Built-in functions and procedures
-
-Modula-2 also makes available several built-in procedures and functions.
-In describing these, the following metavariables are used:
-
-@table @var
-
-@item a
-represents an @code{ARRAY} variable.
-
-@item c
-represents a @code{CHAR} constant or variable.
-
-@item i
-represents a variable or constant of integral type.
-
-@item m
-represents an identifier that belongs to a set.  Generally used in the
-same function with the metavariable @var{s}.  The type of @var{s} should
-be @code{SET OF @var{mtype}} (where @var{mtype} is the type of @var{m}).
-
-@item n
-represents a variable or constant of integral or floating-point type.
-
-@item r
-represents a variable or constant of floating-point type.
-
-@item t
-represents a type.
-
-@item v
-represents a variable.
-
-@item x
-represents a variable or constant of one of many types.  See the
-explanation of the function for details.
-@end table
-
-All Modula-2 built-in procedures also return a result, described below.
-
-@table @code
-@item ABS(@var{n})
-Returns the absolute value of @var{n}.
-
-@item CAP(@var{c})
-If @var{c} is a lower case letter, it returns its upper case
-equivalent, otherwise it returns its argument
-
-@item CHR(@var{i})
-Returns the character whose ordinal value is @var{i}.
-
-@item DEC(@var{v})
-Decrements the value in the variable @var{v}.  Returns the new value.
-
-@item DEC(@var{v},@var{i})
-Decrements the value in the variable @var{v} by @var{i}.  Returns the
-new value.
-
-@item EXCL(@var{m},@var{s})
-Removes the element @var{m} from the set @var{s}.  Returns the new
-set.
-
-@item FLOAT(@var{i})
-Returns the floating point equivalent of the integer @var{i}.
-
-@item HIGH(@var{a})
-Returns the index of the last member of @var{a}.
-
-@item INC(@var{v})
-Increments the value in the variable @var{v}.  Returns the new value.
-
-@item INC(@var{v},@var{i})
-Increments the value in the variable @var{v} by @var{i}.  Returns the
-new value.
-
-@item INCL(@var{m},@var{s})
-Adds the element @var{m} to the set @var{s} if it is not already
-there.  Returns the new set.
-
-@item MAX(@var{t})
-Returns the maximum value of the type @var{t}.
-
-@item MIN(@var{t})
-Returns the minimum value of the type @var{t}.
-
-@item ODD(@var{i})
-Returns boolean TRUE if @var{i} is an odd number.
-
-@item ORD(@var{x})
-Returns the ordinal value of its argument.  For example, the ordinal
-value of a character is its ASCII value (on machines supporting the
-ASCII character set).  @var{x} must be of an ordered type, which include
-integral, character and enumerated types.
-
-@item SIZE(@var{x})
-Returns the size of its argument.  @var{x} can be a variable or a type.
-
-@item TRUNC(@var{r})
-Returns the integral part of @var{r}.
-
-@item VAL(@var{t},@var{i})
-Returns the member of the type @var{t} whose ordinal value is @var{i}.
-@end table
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:}  Sets and their operations are not yet supported, so
-@value{GDBN} treats the use of procedures @code{INCL} and @code{EXCL} as
-an error.
-@end quotation
-
-@cindex Modula-2 constants
-@node M2 Constants
-@subsubsection Constants
-
-@value{GDBN} allows you to express the constants of Modula-2 in the following
-ways:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item
-Integer constants are simply a sequence of digits.  When used in an
-expression, a constant is interpreted to be type-compatible with the
-rest of the expression.  Hexadecimal integers are specified by a
-trailing @samp{H}, and octal integers by a trailing @samp{B}.
-
-@item
-Floating point constants appear as a sequence of digits, followed by a
-decimal point and another sequence of digits.  An optional exponent can
-then be specified, in the form @samp{E@r{[}+@r{|}-@r{]}@var{nnn}}, where
-@samp{@r{[}+@r{|}-@r{]}@var{nnn}} is the desired exponent.  All of the
-digits of the floating point constant must be valid decimal (base 10)
-digits.
-
-@item
-Character constants consist of a single character enclosed by a pair of
-like quotes, either single (@code{'}) or double (@code{"}).  They may
-also be expressed by their ordinal value (their ASCII value, usually)
-followed by a @samp{C}.
-
-@item
-String constants consist of a sequence of characters enclosed by a
-pair of like quotes, either single (@code{'}) or double (@code{"}).
-Escape sequences in the style of C are also allowed.  @xref{C
-Constants, ,C and C++ constants}, for a brief explanation of escape
-sequences.
-
-@item
-Enumerated constants consist of an enumerated identifier.
-
-@item
-Boolean constants consist of the identifiers @code{TRUE} and
-@code{FALSE}.
-
-@item
-Pointer constants consist of integral values only.
-
-@item
-Set constants are not yet supported.
-@end itemize
-
-@node M2 Defaults
-@subsubsection Modula-2 defaults
-@cindex Modula-2 defaults
-
-If type and range checking are set automatically by @value{GDBN}, they
-both default to @code{on} whenever the working language changes to
-Modula-2.  This happens regardless of whether you, or @value{GDBN},
-selected the working language.
-
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set the language automatically, then entering
-code compiled from a file whose name ends with @file{.mod} sets the
-working language to Modula-2. @xref{Automatically, ,Having @value{GDBN} set
-the language automatically}, for further details.
-
-@node Deviations
-@subsubsection Deviations from standard Modula-2
-@cindex Modula-2, deviations from
-
-A few changes have been made to make Modula-2 programs easier to debug.
-This is done primarily via loosening its type strictness:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Unlike in standard Modula-2, pointer constants can be formed by
-integers.  This allows you to modify pointer variables during
-debugging.  (In standard Modula-2, the actual address contained in a
-pointer variable is hidden from you; it can only be modified
-through direct assignment to another pointer variable or expression that
-returned a pointer.)
-
-@item
-C escape sequences can be used in strings and characters to represent
-non-printable characters.  @value{GDBN} prints out strings with these
-escape sequences embedded.  Single non-printable characters are
-printed using the @samp{CHR(@var{nnn})} format.
-
-@item
-The assignment operator (@code{:=}) returns the value of its right-hand
-argument.
-
-@item
-All built-in procedures both modify @emph{and} return their argument.
-@end itemize
-
-@node M2 Checks
-@subsubsection Modula-2 type and range checks
-@cindex Modula-2 checks
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} in this release, @value{GDBN} does not yet perform type or
-range checking.
-@end quotation
-@c FIXME remove warning when type/range checks added
-
-@value{GDBN} considers two Modula-2 variables type equivalent if:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-They are of types that have been declared equivalent via a @code{TYPE
-@var{t1} = @var{t2}} statement
-
-@item
-They have been declared on the same line.  (Note:  This is true of the
-GNU Modula-2 compiler, but it may not be true of other compilers.)
-@end itemize
-
-As long as type checking is enabled, any attempt to combine variables
-whose types are not equivalent is an error.
-
-Range checking is done on all mathematical operations, assignment, array
-index bounds, and all built-in functions and procedures.
-
-@node M2 Scope
-@subsubsection The scope operators @code{::} and @code{.}
-@cindex scope
-@kindex .
-@cindex colon, doubled as scope operator
-@ifinfo
-@kindex colon-colon
-@c Info cannot handle :: but TeX can.
-@end ifinfo
-@iftex
-@kindex ::
-@end iftex
-
-There are a few subtle differences between the Modula-2 scope operator
-(@code{.}) and the @value{GDBN} scope operator (@code{::}).  The two have
-similar syntax:
-
-@example
-
-@var{module} . @var{id}
-@var{scope} :: @var{id}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-where @var{scope} is the name of a module or a procedure,
-@var{module} the name of a module, and @var{id} is any declared
-identifier within your program, except another module.
-
-Using the @code{::} operator makes @value{GDBN} search the scope
-specified by @var{scope} for the identifier @var{id}.  If it is not
-found in the specified scope, then @value{GDBN} searches all scopes
-enclosing the one specified by @var{scope}.
-
-Using the @code{.} operator makes @value{GDBN} search the current scope for
-the identifier specified by @var{id} that was imported from the
-definition module specified by @var{module}.  With this operator, it is
-an error if the identifier @var{id} was not imported from definition
-module @var{module}, or if @var{id} is not an identifier in
-@var{module}.
-
-@node GDB/M2
-@subsubsection @value{GDBN} and Modula-2
-
-Some @value{GDBN} commands have little use when debugging Modula-2 programs.
-Five subcommands of @code{set print} and @code{show print} apply
-specifically to C and C++: @samp{vtbl}, @samp{demangle},
-@samp{asm-demangle}, @samp{object}, and @samp{union}.  The first four
-apply to C++, and the last to the C @code{union} type, which has no direct
-analogue in Modula-2.
-
-The @code{@@} operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}), while available
-while using any language, is not useful with Modula-2.  Its
-intent is to aid the debugging of @dfn{dynamic arrays}, which cannot be
-created in Modula-2 as they can in C or C++.  However, because an
-address can be specified by an integral constant, the construct
-@samp{@{@var{type}@}@var{adrexp}} is still useful.  (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions})
-
-@cindex @code{#} in Modula-2
-In @value{GDBN} scripts, the Modula-2 inequality operator @code{#} is
-interpreted as the beginning of a comment.  Use @code{<>} instead.
-
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Symbols
-@chapter Examining the Symbol Table
-
-The commands described in this section allow you to inquire about the
-symbols (names of variables, functions and types) defined in your
-program.  This information is inherent in the text of your program and
-does not change as your program executes.  @value{GDBN} finds it in your
-program's symbol table, in the file indicated when you started @value{GDBN}
-(@pxref{File Options, ,Choosing files}), or by one of the
-file-management commands (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}).
-
-@c FIXME! This might be intentionally specific to C and C++; if so, move
-@c to someplace in C section of lang chapter.
-@cindex symbol names
-@cindex names of symbols
-@cindex quoting names
-Occasionally, you may need to refer to symbols that contain unusual
-characters, which @value{GDBN} ordinarily treats as word delimiters.  The
-most frequent case is in referring to static variables in other
-source files (@pxref{Variables,,Program variables}).  File names
-are recorded in object files as debugging symbols, but @value{GDBN} would
-ordinarily parse a typical file name, like @file{foo.c}, as the three words
-@samp{foo} @samp{.} @samp{c}.  To allow @value{GDBN} to recognize
-@samp{foo.c} as a single symbol, enclose it in single quotes; for example,
-
-@example
-p 'foo.c'::x
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-looks up the value of @code{x} in the scope of the file @file{foo.c}.
-
-@table @code
-@item info address @var{symbol}
-@kindex info address
-Describe where the data for @var{symbol} is stored.  For a register
-variable, this says which register it is kept in.  For a non-register
-local variable, this prints the stack-frame offset at which the variable
-is always stored.
-
-Note the contrast with @samp{print &@var{symbol}}, which does not work
-at all for a register variable, and for a stack local variable prints
-the exact address of the current instantiation of the variable.
-
-@item whatis @var{exp}
-@kindex whatis
-Print the data type of expression @var{exp}.  @var{exp} is not
-actually evaluated, and any side-effecting operations (such as
-assignments or function calls) inside it do not take place.
-@xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.
-
-@item whatis
-Print the data type of @code{$}, the last value in the value history.
-
-@item ptype @var{typename}
-@kindex ptype
-Print a description of data type @var{typename}.  @var{typename} may be
-the name of a type, or for C code it may have the form
-@ifclear CONLY
-@samp{class @var{class-name}},
-@end ifclear
-@samp{struct @var{struct-tag}}, @samp{union @var{union-tag}} or
-@samp{enum @var{enum-tag}}.
-
-@item ptype @var{exp}
-@itemx ptype
-Print a description of the type of expression @var{exp}.  @code{ptype}
-differs from @code{whatis} by printing a detailed description, instead
-of just the name of the type.
-
-For example, for this variable declaration:
-
-@example
-struct complex @{double real; double imag;@} v;
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-the two commands give this output:
-
-@example
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) whatis v
-type = struct complex
-(@value{GDBP}) ptype v
-type = struct complex @{
-    double real;
-    double imag;
-@}
-@end group
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-As with @code{whatis}, using @code{ptype} without an argument refers to
-the type of @code{$}, the last value in the value history.
-
-@item info types @var{regexp}
-@itemx info types
-@kindex info types
-Print a brief description of all types whose name matches @var{regexp}
-(or all types in your program, if you supply no argument).  Each
-complete typename is matched as though it were a complete line; thus,
-@samp{i type value} gives information on all types in your program whose
-name includes the string @code{value}, but @samp{i type ^value$} gives
-information only on types whose complete name is @code{value}.
-
-This command differs from @code{ptype} in two ways: first, like
-@code{whatis}, it does not print a detailed description; second, it
-lists all source files where a type is defined.
-
-@item info source
-@kindex info source
-Show the name of the current source file---that is, the source file for
-the function containing the current point of execution---and the language
-it was written in.
-
-@item info sources
-@kindex info sources
-Print the names of all source files in your program for which there is
-debugging information, organized into two lists: files whose symbols
-have already been read, and files whose symbols will be read when needed.
-
-@item info functions
-@kindex info functions
-Print the names and data types of all defined functions.
-
-@item info functions @var{regexp}
-Print the names and data types of all defined functions
-whose names contain a match for regular expression @var{regexp}.
-Thus, @samp{info fun step} finds all functions whose names
-include @code{step}; @samp{info fun ^step} finds those whose names
-start with @code{step}.
-
-@item info variables
-@kindex info variables
-Print the names and data types of all variables that are declared
-outside of functions (i.e., excluding local variables).
-
-@item info variables @var{regexp}
-Print the names and data types of all variables (except for local
-variables) whose names contain a match for regular expression
-@var{regexp}.
-
-@ignore
-This was never implemented.
-@item info methods
-@itemx info methods @var{regexp}
-@kindex info methods
-The @code{info methods} command permits the user to examine all defined
-methods within C++ program, or (with the @var{regexp} argument) a
-specific set of methods found in the various C++ classes.  Many
-C++ classes provide a large number of methods.  Thus, the output
-from the @code{ptype} command can be overwhelming and hard to use.  The
-@code{info-methods} command filters the methods, printing only those
-which match the regular-expression @var{regexp}.
-@end ignore
-
-@item maint print symbols @var{filename}
-@itemx maint print psymbols @var{filename}
-@itemx maint print msymbols @var{filename}
-@kindex maint print symbols
-@cindex symbol dump
-@kindex maint print psymbols
-@cindex partial symbol dump
-Write a dump of debugging symbol data into the file @var{filename}.
-These commands are used to debug the @value{GDBN} symbol-reading code.  Only
-symbols with debugging data are included.  If you use @samp{maint print
-symbols}, @value{GDBN} includes all the symbols for which it has already
-collected full details: that is, @var{filename} reflects symbols for
-only those files whose symbols @value{GDBN} has read.  You can use the
-command @code{info sources} to find out which files these are.  If you
-use @samp{maint print psymbols} instead, the dump shows information about
-symbols that @value{GDBN} only knows partially---that is, symbols defined in
-files that @value{GDBN} has skimmed, but not yet read completely.  Finally,
-@samp{maint print msymbols} dumps just the minimal symbol information
-required for each object file from which @value{GDBN} has read some symbols.
-@xref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}, for a discussion of how
-@value{GDBN} reads symbols (in the description of @code{symbol-file}).
-@end table
-
-@node Altering
-@chapter Altering Execution
-
-Once you think you have found an error in your program, you might want to
-find out for certain whether correcting the apparent error would lead to
-correct results in the rest of the run.  You can find the answer by
-experiment, using the @value{GDBN} features for altering execution of the
-program.
-
-For example, you can store new values into variables or memory
-locations,
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-give your program a signal, restart it
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-restart your program
-@end ifset
-at a different address, or even return prematurely from a function to
-its caller.
-
-@menu
-* Assignment::                  Assignment to variables
-* Jumping::                     Continuing at a different address
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Signaling::                   Giving your program a signal
-@end ifclear
-
-* Returning::                   Returning from a function
-* Calling::                     Calling your program's functions
-* Patching::                    Patching your program
-@end menu
-
-@node Assignment
-@section Assignment to variables
-
-@cindex assignment
-@cindex setting variables
-To alter the value of a variable, evaluate an assignment expression.
-@xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.  For example,
-
-@example
-print x=4
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-stores the value 4 into the variable @code{x}, and then prints the
-value of the assignment expression (which is 4).  
-@ifclear CONLY
-@xref{Languages, ,Using @value{GDBN} with Different Languages}, for more
-information on operators in supported languages.
-@end ifclear
-
-@kindex set variable
-@cindex variables, setting
-If you are not interested in seeing the value of the assignment, use the
-@code{set} command instead of the @code{print} command.  @code{set} is
-really the same as @code{print} except that the expression's value is
-not printed and is not put in the value history (@pxref{Value History,
-,Value history}).  The expression is evaluated only for its effects.
-
-If the beginning of the argument string of the @code{set} command
-appears identical to a @code{set} subcommand, use the @code{set
-variable} command instead of just @code{set}.  This command is identical
-to @code{set} except for its lack of subcommands.  For example, if
-your program has a variable @code{width}, you get
-an error if you try to set a new value with just @samp{set width=13},
-because @value{GDBN} has the command @code{set width}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) whatis width
-type = double
-(@value{GDBP}) p width
-$4 = 13
-(@value{GDBP}) set width=47
-Invalid syntax in expression.
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The invalid expression, of course, is @samp{=47}.  In
-order to actually set the program's variable @code{width}, use
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) set var width=47
-@end example
-
-@value{GDBN} allows more implicit conversions in assignments than C; you can
-freely store an integer value into a pointer variable or vice versa,
-and you can convert any structure to any other structure that is the
-same length or shorter.
-@comment FIXME: how do structs align/pad in these conversions?
-@comment        /pesch@cygnus.com 18dec1990
-
-To store values into arbitrary places in memory, use the @samp{@{@dots{}@}}
-construct to generate a value of specified type at a specified address
-(@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}).  For example, @code{@{int@}0x83040} refers
-to memory location @code{0x83040} as an integer (which implies a certain size
-and representation in memory), and
-
-@example
-set @{int@}0x83040 = 4
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-stores the value 4 into that memory location.
-
-@node Jumping
-@section Continuing at a different address
-
-Ordinarily, when you continue your program, you do so at the place where
-it stopped, with the @code{continue} command.  You can instead continue at
-an address of your own choosing, with the following commands:
-
-@table @code
-@item jump @var{linespec}
-@kindex jump
-Resume execution at line @var{linespec}.  Execution stops again
-immediately if there is a breakpoint there.  @xref{List, ,Printing
-source lines}, for a description of the different forms of
-@var{linespec}.
-
-The @code{jump} command does not change the current stack frame, or
-the stack pointer, or the contents of any memory location or any
-register other than the program counter.  If line @var{linespec} is in
-a different function from the one currently executing, the results may
-be bizarre if the two functions expect different patterns of arguments or
-of local variables.  For this reason, the @code{jump} command requests
-confirmation if the specified line is not in the function currently
-executing.  However, even bizarre results are predictable if you are
-well acquainted with the machine-language code of your program.
-
-@item jump *@var{address}
-Resume execution at the instruction at address @var{address}.
-@end table
-
-You can get much the same effect as the @code{jump} command by storing a
-new value into the register @code{$pc}.  The difference is that this
-does not start your program running; it only changes the address where it
-@emph{will} run when you continue.  For example,
-
-@example
-set $pc = 0x485
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-makes the next @code{continue} command or stepping command execute at
-address @code{0x485}, rather than at the address where your program stopped.
-@xref{Continuing and Stepping, ,Continuing and stepping}.
-
-The most common occasion to use the @code{jump} command is to back up,
-perhaps with more breakpoints set, over a portion of a program that has
-already executed, in order to examine its execution in more detail.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@c @group
-@node Signaling
-@section Giving your program a signal
-
-@table @code
-@item signal @var{signal}
-@kindex signal
-Resume execution where your program stopped, but immediately give it the
-signal @var{signal}.  @var{signal} can be the name or the number of a
-signal.  For example, on many systems @code{signal 2} and @code{signal
-SIGINT} are both ways of sending an interrupt signal.
-
-Alternatively, if @var{signal} is zero, continue execution without
-giving a signal.  This is useful when your program stopped on account of
-a signal and would ordinary see the signal when resumed with the
-@code{continue} command; @samp{signal 0} causes it to resume without a
-signal.
-
-@code{signal} does not repeat when you press @key{RET} a second time
-after executing the command.
-@end table
-@c @end group
-
-Invoking the @code{signal} command is not the same as invoking the
-@code{kill} utility from the shell.  Sending a signal with @code{kill}
-causes @value{GDBN} to decide what to do with the signal depending on
-the signal handling tables (@pxref{Signals}).  The @code{signal} command
-passes the signal directly to your program.
-
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Returning
-@section Returning from a function
-
-@table @code
-@item return
-@itemx return @var{expression}
-@cindex returning from a function
-@kindex return
-You can cancel execution of a function call with the @code{return}
-command.  If you give an
-@var{expression} argument, its value is used as the function's return
-value.
-@end table
-
-When you use @code{return}, @value{GDBN} discards the selected stack frame
-(and all frames within it).  You can think of this as making the
-discarded frame return prematurely.  If you wish to specify a value to
-be returned, give that value as the argument to @code{return}.
-
-This pops the selected stack frame (@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a
-frame}), and any other frames inside of it, leaving its caller as the
-innermost remaining frame.  That frame becomes selected.  The
-specified value is stored in the registers used for returning values
-of functions.
-
-The @code{return} command does not resume execution; it leaves the
-program stopped in the state that would exist if the function had just
-returned.  In contrast, the @code{finish} command (@pxref{Continuing
-and Stepping, ,Continuing and stepping}) resumes execution until the
-selected stack frame returns naturally.
-
-@node Calling
-@section Calling program functions
-
-@cindex calling functions
-@kindex call
-@table @code
-@item call @var{expr}
-Evaluate the expression @var{expr} without displaying @code{void}
-returned values.
-@end table
-
-You can use this variant of the @code{print} command if you want to
-execute a function from your program, but without cluttering the output
-with @code{void} returned values.  The result is printed and saved in
-the value history, if it is not void.
-
-@node Patching
-@section Patching programs
-@cindex patching binaries
-@cindex writing into executables
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@cindex writing into corefiles
-@end ifclear
-
-By default, @value{GDBN} opens the file containing your program's executable
-code
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-(or the corefile)
-@end ifclear
-read-only.  This prevents accidental alterations
-to machine code; but it also prevents you from intentionally patching
-your program's binary.
-
-If you'd like to be able to patch the binary, you can specify that
-explicitly with the @code{set write} command.  For example, you might
-want to turn on internal debugging flags, or even to make emergency
-repairs.
-
-@table @code
-@item set write on
-@itemx set write off
-@kindex set write
-If you specify @samp{set write on}, @value{GDBN} opens executable 
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-and core
-@end ifclear
-files for both reading and writing; if you specify @samp{set write
-off} (the default), @value{GDBN} opens them read-only.
-
-If you have already loaded a file, you must load it again (using the
-@code{exec-file}
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-or @code{core-file}
-@end ifclear
-command) after changing @code{set write}, for your new setting to take
-effect.
-
-@item show write
-@kindex show write
-Display whether executable files 
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-and core files 
-@end ifclear
-are opened for writing as well as reading.
-@end table
-
-@node GDB Files
-@chapter @value{GDBN} Files
-
-@value{GDBN} needs to know the file name of the program to be debugged, both in
-order to read its symbol table and in order to start your program.  
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-To debug a core dump of a previous run, you must also tell @value{GDBN}
-the name of the core dump file.
-@end ifclear
-
-@menu
-* Files::                       Commands to specify files
-* Symbol Errors::               Errors reading symbol files
-@end menu
-
-@node Files
-@section Commands to specify files
-@cindex symbol table
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@cindex core dump file
-The usual way to specify executable and core dump file names is with
-the command arguments given when you start @value{GDBN} (@pxref{Invocation,
-,Getting In and Out of @value{GDBN}}.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-The usual way to specify an executable file name is with
-the command argument given when you start @value{GDBN}, (@pxref{Invocation,
-,Getting In and Out of @value{GDBN}}.
-@end ifset
-
-Occasionally it is necessary to change to a different file during a
-@value{GDBN} session.  Or you may run @value{GDBN} and forget to specify
-a file you want to use.  In these situations the @value{GDBN} commands
-to specify new files are useful.
-
-@table @code
-@item file @var{filename}
-@cindex executable file
-@kindex file
-Use @var{filename} as the program to be debugged.  It is read for its
-symbols and for the contents of pure memory.  It is also the program
-executed when you use the @code{run} command.  If you do not specify a
-directory and the file is not found in the @value{GDBN} working directory, @value{GDBN}
-uses the environment variable @code{PATH} as a list of directories to
-search, just as the shell does when looking for a program to run.  You
-can change the value of this variable, for both @value{GDBN} and your program,
-using the @code{path} command.
-
-On systems with memory-mapped files, an auxiliary file
-@file{@var{filename}.syms} may hold symbol table information for
-@var{filename}.  If so, @value{GDBN} maps in the symbol table from
-@file{@var{filename}.syms}, starting up more quickly.  See the
-descriptions of the options @samp{-mapped} and @samp{-readnow}
-(available on the command line, and with the commands @code{file},
-@code{symbol-file}, or @code{add-symbol-file}), for more information.
-
-@item file
-@code{file} with no argument makes @value{GDBN} discard any information it
-has on both executable file and the symbol table.
-
-@item exec-file @r{[} @var{filename} @r{]}
-@kindex exec-file
-Specify that the program to be run (but not the symbol table) is found
-in @var{filename}.  @value{GDBN} searches the environment variable @code{PATH}
-if necessary to locate your program.  Omitting @var{filename} means to
-discard information on the executable file.
-
-@item symbol-file @r{[} @var{filename} @r{]}
-@kindex symbol-file
-Read symbol table information from file @var{filename}.  @code{PATH} is
-searched when necessary.  Use the @code{file} command to get both symbol
-table and program to run from the same file.
-
-@code{symbol-file} with no argument clears out @value{GDBN} information on your
-program's symbol table.
-
-The @code{symbol-file} command causes @value{GDBN} to forget the contents of its
-convenience variables, the value history, and all breakpoints and
-auto-display expressions.  This is because they may contain pointers to
-the internal data recording symbols and data types, which are part of
-the old symbol table data being discarded inside @value{GDBN}.
-
-@code{symbol-file} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after
-executing it once.
-
-When @value{GDBN} is configured for a particular environment, it
-understands debugging information in whatever format is the standard
-generated for that environment; you may use either a GNU compiler, or
-other compilers that adhere to the local conventions.  Best results are
-usually obtained from GNU compilers; for example, using @code{@value{GCC}}
-you can generate debugging information for optimized code.
-
-On some kinds of object files, the @code{symbol-file} command does not
-normally read the symbol table in full right away.  Instead, it scans
-the symbol table quickly to find which source files and which symbols
-are present.  The details are read later, one source file at a time,
-as they are needed.
-
-The purpose of this two-stage reading strategy is to make @value{GDBN} start up
-faster.  For the most part, it is invisible except for occasional
-pauses while the symbol table details for a particular source file are
-being read.  (The @code{set verbose} command can turn these pauses
-into messages if desired.  @xref{Messages/Warnings, ,Optional warnings
-and messages}.) 
-
-We have not implemented the two-stage strategy for COFF yet.  When the
-symbol table is stored in COFF format, @code{symbol-file} reads the
-symbol table data in full right away.
-
-@item symbol-file @var{filename} @r{[} -readnow @r{]} @r{[} -mapped @r{]}
-@itemx file @var{filename} @r{[} -readnow @r{]} @r{[} -mapped @r{]}
-@kindex readnow
-@cindex reading symbols immediately
-@cindex symbols, reading immediately
-@kindex mapped
-@cindex memory-mapped symbol file
-@cindex saving symbol table
-You can override the @value{GDBN} two-stage strategy for reading symbol
-tables by using the @samp{-readnow} option with any of the commands that
-load symbol table information, if you want to be sure @value{GDBN} has the
-entire symbol table available.  
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-If memory-mapped files are available on your system through the
-@code{mmap} system call, you can use another option, @samp{-mapped}, to
-cause @value{GDBN} to write the symbols for your program into a reusable
-file.  Future @value{GDBN} debugging sessions map in symbol information
-from this auxiliary symbol file (if the program has not changed), rather
-than spending time reading the symbol table from the executable
-program.  Using the @samp{-mapped} option has the same effect as
-starting @value{GDBN} with the @samp{-mapped} command-line option.
-
-You can use both options together, to make sure the auxiliary symbol
-file has all the symbol information for your program.
-
-The auxiliary symbol file for a program called @var{myprog} is called
-@samp{@var{myprog}.syms}.  Once this file exists (so long as it is newer
-than the corresponding executable), @value{GDBN} always attempts to use
-it when you debug @var{myprog}; no special options or commands are
-needed.
-
-The @file{.syms} file is specific to the host machine where you run
-@value{GDBN}.  It holds an exact image of the internal @value{GDBN}
-symbol table.  It cannot be shared across multiple host platforms.
-
-@c FIXME: for now no mention of directories, since this seems to be in
-@c flux.  13mar1992 status is that in theory GDB would look either in
-@c current dir or in same dir as myprog; but issues like competing
-@c GDB's, or clutter in system dirs, mean that in practice right now
-@c only current dir is used.  FFish says maybe a special GDB hierarchy
-@c (eg rooted in val of env var GDBSYMS) could exist for mappable symbol
-@c files.
-
-@item core-file @r{[} @var{filename} @r{]}
-@kindex core
-@kindex core-file
-Specify the whereabouts of a core dump file to be used as the ``contents
-of memory''.  Traditionally, core files contain only some parts of the
-address space of the process that generated them; @value{GDBN} can access the
-executable file itself for other parts.
-
-@code{core-file} with no argument specifies that no core file is
-to be used.
-
-Note that the core file is ignored when your program is actually running
-under @value{GDBN}.  So, if you have been running your program and you wish to
-debug a core file instead, you must kill the subprocess in which the
-program is running.  To do this, use the @code{kill} command
-(@pxref{Kill Process, ,Killing the child process}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@item load @var{filename}
-@kindex load
-@ifset GENERIC
-Depending on what remote debugging facilities are configured into
-@value{GDBN}, the @code{load} command may be available.  Where it exists, it
-is meant to make @var{filename} (an executable) available for debugging
-on the remote system---by downloading, or dynamic linking, for example.
-@code{load} also records the @var{filename} symbol table in @value{GDBN}, like
-the @code{add-symbol-file} command.
-
-If your @value{GDBN} does not have a @code{load} command, attempting to
-execute it gets the error message ``@code{You can't do that when your
-target is @dots{}}''
-@end ifset
-
-The file is loaded at whatever address is specified in the executable.
-For some object file formats, you can specify the load address when you
-link the program; for other formats, like a.out, the object file format
-specifies a fixed address.
-@c FIXME! This would be a good place for an xref to the GNU linker doc.
-
-@ifset VXWORKS
-On VxWorks, @code{load} links @var{filename} dynamically on the
-current target system as well as adding its symbols in @value{GDBN}.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset I960
-@cindex download to Nindy-960
-With the Nindy interface to an Intel 960 board, @code{load}
-downloads @var{filename} to the 960 as well as adding its symbols in
-@value{GDBN}.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset H8
-@cindex download to H8/300 or H8/500
-@cindex H8/300 or H8/500 download
-@cindex download to Hitachi SH
-@cindex Hitachi SH download
-When you select remote debugging to a Hitachi SH, H8/300, or H8/500 board
-(@pxref{Hitachi Remote,,@value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors}),
-the @code{load} command downloads your program to the Hitachi board and also
-opens it as the current executable target for @value{GDBN} on your host
-(like the @code{file} command).
-@end ifset
-
-@code{load} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after using it.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@item add-symbol-file @var{filename} @var{address}
-@itemx add-symbol-file @var{filename} @var{address} @r{[} -readnow @r{]} @r{[} -mapped @r{]}
-@kindex add-symbol-file
-@cindex dynamic linking
-The @code{add-symbol-file} command reads additional symbol table information
-from the file @var{filename}.  You would use this command when @var{filename}
-has been dynamically loaded (by some other means) into the program that
-is running.  @var{address} should be the memory address at which the
-file has been loaded; @value{GDBN} cannot figure this out for itself.
-You can specify @var{address} as an expression.
-
-The symbol table of the file @var{filename} is added to the symbol table
-originally read with the @code{symbol-file} command.  You can use the
-@code{add-symbol-file} command any number of times; the new symbol data thus
-read keeps adding to the old.  To discard all old symbol data instead,
-use the @code{symbol-file} command.
-
-@code{add-symbol-file} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} after using it.
-
-You can use the @samp{-mapped} and @samp{-readnow} options just as with
-the @code{symbol-file} command, to change how @value{GDBN} manages the symbol
-table information for @var{filename}.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item info files
-@itemx info target
-@kindex info files
-@kindex info target
-@code{info files} and @code{info target} are synonymous; both print
-the current target (@pxref{Targets, ,Specifying a Debugging Target}),
-including the
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-names of the executable and core dump files
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-name of the executable file
-@end ifset
-currently in use by @value{GDBN}, and the files from which symbols were
-loaded.  The command @code{help target} lists all possible targets
-rather than current ones.
-@end table
-
-All file-specifying commands allow both absolute and relative file names
-as arguments.  @value{GDBN} always converts the file name to an absolute file
-name and remembers it that way.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@cindex shared libraries
-@value{GDBN} supports SunOS, SVr4, Irix 5, and IBM RS/6000 shared libraries.
-@value{GDBN} automatically loads symbol definitions from shared libraries
-when you use the @code{run} command, or when you examine a core file.
-(Before you issue the @code{run} command, @value{GDBN} does not understand
-references to a function in a shared library, however---unless you are
-debugging a core file).
-@c FIXME: some @value{GDBN} release may permit some refs to undef
-@c FIXME...symbols---eg in a break cmd---assuming they are from a shared
-@c FIXME...lib; check this from time to time when updating manual
-
-@table @code
-@item info share
-@itemx info sharedlibrary
-@kindex info sharedlibrary
-@kindex info share
-Print the names of the shared libraries which are currently loaded.
-
-@item sharedlibrary @var{regex}
-@itemx share @var{regex}
-@kindex sharedlibrary
-@kindex share
-This is an obsolescent command; you can use it to explicitly load shared
-object library symbols for files matching a Unix regular expression, but
-as with files loaded automatically, it only loads shared libraries
-required by your program for a core file or after typing @code{run}.  If
-@var{regex} is omitted all shared libraries required by your program are
-loaded.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Symbol Errors
-@section Errors reading symbol files
-
-While reading a symbol file, @value{GDBN} occasionally encounters problems,
-such as symbol types it does not recognize, or known bugs in compiler
-output.  By default, @value{GDBN} does not notify you of such problems, since
-they are relatively common and primarily of interest to people
-debugging compilers.  If you are interested in seeing information
-about ill-constructed symbol tables, you can either ask @value{GDBN} to print
-only one message about each such type of problem, no matter how many
-times the problem occurs; or you can ask @value{GDBN} to print more messages,
-to see how many times the problems occur, with the @code{set
-complaints} command (@pxref{Messages/Warnings, ,Optional warnings and
-messages}).
-
-The messages currently printed, and their meanings, include:
-
-@table @code
-@item inner block not inside outer block in @var{symbol}
-
-The symbol information shows where symbol scopes begin and end
-(such as at the start of a function or a block of statements).  This
-error indicates that an inner scope block is not fully contained
-in its outer scope blocks.
-
-@value{GDBN} circumvents the problem by treating the inner block as if it had
-the same scope as the outer block.  In the error message, @var{symbol}
-may be shown as ``@code{(don't know)}'' if the outer block is not a
-function.
-
-@item block at @var{address} out of order
-
-The symbol information for symbol scope blocks should occur in
-order of increasing addresses.  This error indicates that it does not
-do so.
-
-@value{GDBN} does not circumvent this problem, and has trouble
-locating symbols in the source file whose symbols it is reading.  (You
-can often determine what source file is affected by specifying
-@code{set verbose on}.  @xref{Messages/Warnings, ,Optional warnings and
-messages}.)
-
-@item bad block start address patched
-
-The symbol information for a symbol scope block has a start address
-smaller than the address of the preceding source line.  This is known
-to occur in the SunOS 4.1.1 (and earlier) C compiler.
-
-@value{GDBN} circumvents the problem by treating the symbol scope block as
-starting on the previous source line.
-
-@item bad string table offset in symbol @var{n}
-
-@cindex foo
-Symbol number @var{n} contains a pointer into the string table which is
-larger than the size of the string table.
-
-@value{GDBN} circumvents the problem by considering the symbol to have the
-name @code{foo}, which may cause other problems if many symbols end up
-with this name.
-
-@item unknown symbol type @code{0x@var{nn}}
-
-The symbol information contains new data types that @value{GDBN} does not yet
-know how to read.  @code{0x@var{nn}} is the symbol type of the misunderstood
-information, in hexadecimal.
-
-@value{GDBN} circumvents the error by ignoring this symbol information.  This
-usually allows you to debug your program, though certain symbols
-are not accessible.  If you encounter such a problem and feel like
-debugging it, you can debug @code{@value{GDBP}} with itself, breakpoint on
-@code{complain}, then go up to the function @code{read_dbx_symtab} and
-examine @code{*bufp} to see the symbol.
-
-@item stub type has NULL name
-@value{GDBN} could not find the full definition for
-@ifclear CONLY
-a struct or class.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-a struct.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@item const/volatile indicator missing (ok if using g++ v1.x), got@dots{}
-
-The symbol information for a C++ member function is missing some
-information that recent versions of the compiler should have output
-for it.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item info mismatch between compiler and debugger
-
-@value{GDBN} could not parse a type specification output by the compiler.
-@end table
-
-@node Targets
-@chapter Specifying a Debugging Target
-@cindex debugging target
-@kindex target
-
-A @dfn{target} is the execution environment occupied by your program.
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-Often, @value{GDBN} runs in the same host environment as your program; in
-that case, the debugging target is specified as a side effect when you
-use the @code{file} or @code{core} commands.  When you need more
-flexibility---for example, running @value{GDBN} on a physically separate
-host, or controlling a standalone system over a serial port or a
-realtime system over a TCP/IP connection---you 
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-You
-@end ifset
-can use the @code{target} command to specify one of the target types
-configured for @value{GDBN} (@pxref{Target Commands, ,Commands for managing
-targets}).
-
-@menu
-* Active Targets::              Active targets
-* Target Commands::             Commands for managing targets
-* Remote::                      Remote debugging
-@end menu
-
-@node Active Targets
-@section Active targets
-@cindex stacking targets
-@cindex active targets
-@cindex multiple targets
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-There are three classes of targets: processes, core files, and
-executable files.  @value{GDBN} can work concurrently on up to three active
-targets, one in each class.  This allows you to (for example) start a
-process and inspect its activity without abandoning your work on a core
-file.
-
-For example, if you execute @samp{gdb a.out}, then the executable file
-@code{a.out} is the only active target.  If you designate a core file as
-well---presumably from a prior run that crashed and coredumped---then
-@value{GDBN} has two active targets and uses them in tandem, looking
-first in the corefile target, then in the executable file, to satisfy
-requests for memory addresses.  (Typically, these two classes of target
-are complementary, since core files contain only a program's
-read-write memory---variables and so on---plus machine status, while
-executable files contain only the program text and initialized data.)
-@end ifclear
-
-When you type @code{run}, your executable file becomes an active process
-target as well.  When a process target is active, all @value{GDBN} commands
-requesting memory addresses refer to that target; addresses in an 
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-active core file or 
-@end ifclear
-executable file target are obscured while the process
-target is active.
-
-@ifset BARETARGET
-Use the @code{exec-file} command to select a
-new executable target (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify
-files}).
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-Use the @code{core-file} and @code{exec-file} commands to select a
-new core file or executable target (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify
-files}).  To specify as a target a process that is already running, use
-the @code{attach} command (@pxref{Attach, ,Debugging an
-already-running process}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Target Commands
-@section Commands for managing targets
-
-@table @code
-@item target @var{type} @var{parameters}
-Connects the @value{GDBN} host environment to a target
-@ifset BARETARGET
-machine.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-machine or process.  A target is typically a protocol for talking to
-debugging facilities.  You use the argument @var{type} to specify the
-type or protocol of the target machine.
-
-Further @var{parameters} are interpreted by the target protocol, but
-typically include things like device names or host names to connect
-with, process numbers, and baud rates.
-@end ifclear
-
-The @code{target} command does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again
-after executing the command.
-
-@item help target
-@kindex help target
-Displays the names of all targets available.  To display targets
-currently selected, use either @code{info target} or @code{info files}
-(@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}).
-
-@item help target @var{name}
-Describe a particular target, including any parameters necessary to
-select it.
-@end table
-
-Here are some common targets (available, or not, depending on the GDB
-configuration):
-
-@table @code
-@item target exec @var{program}
-@kindex target exec
-An executable file.  @samp{target exec @var{program}} is the same as
-@samp{exec-file @var{program}}.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@item target core @var{filename}
-@kindex target core
-A core dump file.  @samp{target core @var{filename}} is the same as
-@samp{core-file @var{filename}}.
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-@item target remote @var{dev}
-@kindex target remote
-Remote serial target in GDB-specific protocol.  The argument @var{dev}
-specifies what serial device to use for the connection (e.g.
-@file{/dev/ttya}). @xref{Remote, ,Remote debugging}.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset SIMS
-@item target sim
-@kindex target sim
-CPU simulator.  @xref{Simulator,,Simulated CPU Target}.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset AMD29K
-@item target udi @var{keyword}
-@kindex target udi
-Remote AMD29K target, using the AMD UDI protocol.  The @var{keyword}
-argument specifies which 29K board or simulator to use.  @xref{UDI29K
-Remote,,The UDI protocol for AMD29K}.
-
-@item target amd-eb @var{dev} @var{speed} @var{PROG}
-@kindex target amd-eb
-@cindex AMD EB29K
-Remote PC-resident AMD EB29K board, attached over serial lines.
-@var{dev} is the serial device, as for @code{target remote};
-@var{speed} allows you to specify the linespeed; and @var{PROG} is the
-name of the program to be debugged, as it appears to DOS on the PC.
-@xref{EB29K Remote, ,The EBMON protocol for AMD29K}.
-
-@end ifset
-@ifset H8
-@item target hms
-@kindex target hms
-A Hitachi SH, H8/300, or H8/500 board, attached via serial line to your host.
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@c Unix only, not currently of interest for H8-only manual
-Use special commands @code{device} and @code{speed} to control the serial
-line and the communications speed used.
-@end ifclear
-@xref{Hitachi Remote,,@value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors}.
-
-@end ifset
-@ifset I960
-@item target nindy @var{devicename}
-@kindex target nindy
-An Intel 960 board controlled by a Nindy Monitor.  @var{devicename} is
-the name of the serial device to use for the connection, e.g.
-@file{/dev/ttya}.  @xref{i960-Nindy Remote, ,@value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)}.
-
-@end ifset
-@ifset ST2000
-@item target st2000 @var{dev} @var{speed}
-@kindex target st2000
-A Tandem ST2000 phone switch, running Tandem's STDBUG protocol.  @var{dev}
-is the name of the device attached to the ST2000 serial line;
-@var{speed} is the communication line speed.  The arguments are not used
-if @value{GDBN} is configured to connect to the ST2000 using TCP or Telnet.
-@xref{ST2000 Remote,,@value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000}.
-
-@end ifset
-@ifset VXWORKS
-@item target vxworks @var{machinename}
-@kindex target vxworks
-A VxWorks system, attached via TCP/IP.  The argument @var{machinename}
-is the target system's machine name or IP address.
-@xref{VxWorks Remote, ,@value{GDBN} and VxWorks}.
-@end ifset
-@end table
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-Different targets are available on different configurations of @value{GDBN}; your
-configuration may have more or fewer targets.
-@end ifset
-
-@node Remote
-@section Remote debugging
-@cindex remote debugging
-
-If you are trying to debug a program running on a machine that cannot run
-GDB in the usual way, it is often useful to use remote debugging.  For
-example, you might use remote debugging on an operating system kernel, or on
-a small system which does not have a general purpose operating system
-powerful enough to run a full-featured debugger.
-
-Some configurations of GDB have special serial or TCP/IP interfaces
-to make this work with particular debugging targets.  In addition,
-GDB comes with a generic serial protocol (specific to GDB, but
-not specific to any particular target system) which you can use if you
-write the remote stubs---the code that runs on the remote system to
-communicate with GDB.
-
-Other remote targets may be available in your
-configuration of GDB; use @code{help target} to list them.
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-@c Text on starting up GDB in various specific cases; it goes up front
-@c in manuals configured for any of those particular situations, here
-@c otherwise.
-@menu
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-* Remote Serial::               @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol
-@end ifset
-@ifset I960
-* i960-Nindy Remote::		@value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)
-@end ifset
-@ifset AMD29K
-* UDI29K Remote::               The UDI protocol for AMD29K
-* EB29K Remote::		The EBMON protocol for AMD29K
-@end ifset
-@ifset VXWORKS
-* VxWorks Remote::		@value{GDBN} and VxWorks
-@end ifset
-@ifset ST2000
-* ST2000 Remote::               @value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000
-@end ifset
-@ifset H8
-* Hitachi Remote::              @value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors
-@end ifset
-@ifset MIPS
-* MIPS Remote::			@value{GDBN} and MIPS boards
-@end ifset
-@ifset SIMS
-* Simulator::                   Simulated CPU target
-@end ifset
-@end menu
-
-@include remote.texi
-@end ifset
-
-@node Controlling GDB
-@chapter Controlling @value{GDBN}
-
-You can alter the way @value{GDBN} interacts with you by using
-the @code{set} command.  For commands controlling how @value{GDBN} displays
-data, @pxref{Print Settings, ,Print settings}; other settings are described here.
-
-@menu
-* Prompt::                      Prompt
-* Editing::                     Command editing
-* History::                     Command history
-* Screen Size::                 Screen size
-* Numbers::                     Numbers
-* Messages/Warnings::           Optional warnings and messages
-@end menu
-
-@node Prompt
-@section Prompt
-@cindex prompt
-
-@value{GDBN} indicates its readiness to read a command by printing a string
-called the @dfn{prompt}.  This string is normally @samp{(@value{GDBP})}.  You
-can change the prompt string with the @code{set prompt} command.  For
-instance, when debugging @value{GDBN} with @value{GDBN}, it is useful to change
-the prompt in one of the @value{GDBN} sessions so that you can always tell which
-one you are talking to.
-
-@table @code
-@item set prompt @var{newprompt}
-@kindex set prompt
-Directs @value{GDBN} to use @var{newprompt} as its prompt string henceforth.
-@kindex show prompt
-@item show prompt
-Prints a line of the form: @samp{Gdb's prompt is: @var{your-prompt}}
-@end table
-
-@node Editing
-@section Command editing
-@cindex readline
-@cindex command line editing
-
-@value{GDBN} reads its input commands via the @dfn{readline} interface.  This
-GNU library provides consistent behavior for programs which provide a
-command line interface to the user.  Advantages are @code{emacs}-style
-or @code{vi}-style inline editing of commands, @code{csh}-like history
-substitution, and a storage and recall of command history across
-debugging sessions.
-
-You may control the behavior of command line editing in @value{GDBN} with the
-command @code{set}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set editing
-@cindex editing
-@item set editing
-@itemx set editing on
-Enable command line editing (enabled by default).
-
-@item set editing off
-Disable command line editing.
-
-@kindex show editing
-@item show editing
-Show whether command line editing is enabled.
-@end table
-
-@node History
-@section Command history
-
-@value{GDBN} can keep track of the commands you type during your
-debugging sessions, so that you can be certain of precisely what
-happened.  Use these commands to manage the @value{GDBN} command
-history facility.
-
-@table @code
-@cindex history substitution
-@cindex history file
-@kindex set history filename
-@kindex GDBHISTFILE
-@item set history filename @var{fname}
-Set the name of the @value{GDBN} command history file to @var{fname}.
-This is the file where @value{GDBN} reads an initial command history
-list, and where it writes the command history from this session when it
-exits.  You can access this list through history expansion or through
-the history command editing characters listed below.  This file defaults
-to the value of the environment variable @code{GDBHISTFILE}, or to
-@file{./.gdb_history} if this variable is not set.
-
-@cindex history save
-@kindex set history save
-@item set history save
-@itemx set history save on
-Record command history in a file, whose name may be specified with the
-@code{set history filename} command.  By default, this option is disabled.
-
-@item set history save off
-Stop recording command history in a file.
-
-@cindex history size
-@kindex set history size
-@item set history size @var{size}
-Set the number of commands which @value{GDBN} keeps in its history list.
-This defaults to the value of the environment variable
-@code{HISTSIZE}, or to 256 if this variable is not set.
-@end table
-
-@cindex history expansion
-History expansion assigns special meaning to the character @kbd{!}.
-@ifset have-readline-appendices
-@xref{Event Designators}.
-@end ifset
-
-Since @kbd{!} is also the logical not operator in C, history expansion
-is off by default. If you decide to enable history expansion with the
-@code{set history expansion on} command, you may sometimes need to
-follow @kbd{!} (when it is used as logical not, in an expression) with
-a space or a tab to prevent it from being expanded.  The readline
-history facilities do not attempt substitution on the strings
-@kbd{!=} and @kbd{!(}, even when history expansion is enabled.
-
-The commands to control history expansion are:
-
-@table @code
-
-@kindex set history expansion
-@item set history expansion on
-@itemx set history expansion
-Enable history expansion.  History expansion is off by default.
-
-@item set history expansion off
-Disable history expansion.
-
-The readline code comes with more complete documentation of
-editing and history expansion features.  Users unfamiliar with @code{emacs}
-or @code{vi} may wish to read it.
-@ifset have-readline-appendices
-@xref{Command Line Editing}.
-@end ifset
-
-@c @group
-@kindex show history
-@item show history
-@itemx show history filename
-@itemx show history save
-@itemx show history size
-@itemx show history expansion
-These commands display the state of the @value{GDBN} history parameters.
-@code{show history} by itself displays all four states.
-@c @end group
-@end table
-
-@table @code
-@kindex show commands
-@item show commands
-Display the last ten commands in the command history.
-
-@item show commands @var{n}
-Print ten commands centered on command number @var{n}.
-
-@item show commands +
-Print ten commands just after the commands last printed.
-@end table
-
-@node Screen Size
-@section Screen size
-@cindex size of screen
-@cindex pauses in output
-
-Certain commands to @value{GDBN} may produce large amounts of
-information output to the screen.  To help you read all of it,
-@value{GDBN} pauses and asks you for input at the end of each page of
-output.  Type @key{RET} when you want to continue the output, or @kbd{q}
-to discard the remaining output.  Also, the screen width setting
-determines when to wrap lines of output.  Depending on what is being
-printed, @value{GDBN} tries to break the line at a readable place,
-rather than simply letting it overflow onto the following line.
-
-Normally @value{GDBN} knows the size of the screen from the termcap data base
-together with the value of the @code{TERM} environment variable and the
-@code{stty rows} and @code{stty cols} settings. If this is not correct,
-you can override it with the @code{set height} and @code{set
-width} commands:
-
-@table @code
-@item set height @var{lpp}
-@itemx show height
-@itemx set width @var{cpl}
-@itemx show width
-@kindex set height
-@kindex set width
-@kindex show width
-@kindex show height
-These @code{set} commands specify a screen height of @var{lpp} lines and
-a screen width of @var{cpl} characters.  The associated @code{show}
-commands display the current settings.
-
-If you specify a height of zero lines, @value{GDBN} does not pause during output
-no matter how long the output is.  This is useful if output is to a file
-or to an editor buffer.
-
-Likewise, you can specify @samp{set width 0} to prevent @value{GDBN}
-from wrapping its output.
-@end table
-
-@node Numbers
-@section Numbers
-@cindex number representation
-@cindex entering numbers
-
-You can always enter numbers in octal, decimal, or hexadecimal in @value{GDBN} by
-the usual conventions: octal numbers begin with @samp{0}, decimal
-numbers end with @samp{.}, and hexadecimal numbers begin with @samp{0x}.
-Numbers that begin with none of these are, by default, entered in base
-10; likewise, the default display for numbers---when no particular
-format is specified---is base 10.  You can change the default base for
-both input and output with the @code{set radix} command.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set radix
-@item set radix @var{base}
-Set the default base for numeric input and display.  Supported choices
-for @var{base} are decimal 8, 10, or 16.  @var{base} must itself be
-specified either unambiguously or using the current default radix; for
-example, any of
-
-@example
-set radix 012
-set radix 10.
-set radix 0xa
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-sets the base to decimal.  On the other hand, @samp{set radix 10}
-leaves the radix unchanged no matter what it was.
-
-@kindex show radix
-@item show radix
-Display the current default base for numeric input and display.
-@end table
-
-@node Messages/Warnings
-@section Optional warnings and messages
-
-By default, @value{GDBN} is silent about its inner workings.  If you are running
-on a slow machine, you may want to use the @code{set verbose} command.
-It makes @value{GDBN} tell you when it does a lengthy internal operation, so
-you will not think it has crashed.
-
-Currently, the messages controlled by @code{set verbose} are those
-which announce that the symbol table for a source file is being read;
-see @code{symbol-file} in @ref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set verbose
-@item set verbose on
-Enables @value{GDBN} output of certain informational messages.
-
-@item set verbose off
-Disables @value{GDBN} output of certain informational messages.
-
-@kindex show verbose
-@item show verbose
-Displays whether @code{set verbose} is on or off.
-@end table
-
-By default, if @value{GDBN} encounters bugs in the symbol table of an object
-file, it is silent; but if you are debugging a compiler, you may find
-this information useful (@pxref{Symbol Errors, ,Errors reading symbol files}).
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set complaints
-@item set complaints @var{limit}
-Permits @value{GDBN} to output @var{limit} complaints about each type of unusual
-symbols before becoming silent about the problem.  Set @var{limit} to
-zero to suppress all complaints; set it to a large number to prevent
-complaints from being suppressed.
-
-@kindex show complaints
-@item show complaints
-Displays how many symbol complaints @value{GDBN} is permitted to produce.
-@end table
-
-By default, @value{GDBN} is cautious, and asks what sometimes seems to be a
-lot of stupid questions to confirm certain commands.  For example, if
-you try to run a program which is already running:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) run
-The program being debugged has been started already.
-Start it from the beginning? (y or n)
-@end example
-
-If you are willing to unflinchingly face the consequences of your own
-commands, you can disable this ``feature'':
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set confirm
-@cindex flinching
-@cindex confirmation
-@cindex stupid questions
-@item set confirm off
-Disables confirmation requests.
-
-@item set confirm on
-Enables confirmation requests (the default).
-
-@item show confirm
-@kindex show confirm
-Displays state of confirmation requests.
-@end table
-
-@c FIXME this does not really belong here.  But where *does* it belong?
-@cindex reloading symbols
-Some systems allow individual object files that make up your program to
-be replaced without stopping and restarting your program.
-@ifset VXWORKS
-For example, in VxWorks you can simply recompile a defective object file
-and keep on running.
-@end ifset
-If you are running on one of these systems, you can allow @value{GDBN} to
-reload the symbols for automatically relinked modules:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set symbol-reloading
-@item set symbol-reloading on
-Replace symbol definitions for the corresponding source file when an
-object file with a particular name is seen again.
-
-@item set symbol-reloading off
-Do not replace symbol definitions when re-encountering object files of
-the same name.  This is the default state; if you are not running on a
-system that permits automatically relinking modules, you should leave
-@code{symbol-reloading} off, since otherwise @value{GDBN} may discard symbols
-when linking large programs, that may contain several modules (from
-different directories or libraries) with the same name.
-
-@item show symbol-reloading
-Show the current @code{on} or @code{off} setting.
-@end table
-
-@node Sequences
-@chapter Canned Sequences of Commands
-
-Aside from breakpoint commands (@pxref{Break Commands, ,Breakpoint
-command lists}), @value{GDBN} provides two ways to store sequences of commands
-for execution as a unit: user-defined commands and command files.
-
-@menu
-* Define::                      User-defined commands
-* Hooks::			User-defined command hooks
-* Command Files::               Command files
-* Output::                      Commands for controlled output
-@end menu
-
-@node Define
-@section User-defined commands
-
-@cindex user-defined command
-A @dfn{user-defined command} is a sequence of @value{GDBN} commands to which you
-assign a new name as a command.  This is done with the @code{define}
-command.
-
-@table @code
-@item define @var{commandname}
-@kindex define
-Define a command named @var{commandname}.  If there is already a command
-by that name, you are asked to confirm that you want to redefine it.
-
-The definition of the command is made up of other @value{GDBN} command lines,
-which are given following the @code{define} command.  The end of these
-commands is marked by a line containing @code{end}.
-
-@item document @var{commandname}
-@kindex document
-Give documentation to the user-defined command @var{commandname}.  The
-command @var{commandname} must already be defined.  This command reads
-lines of documentation just as @code{define} reads the lines of the
-command definition, ending with @code{end}.  After the @code{document}
-command is finished, @code{help} on command @var{commandname} displays
-the documentation you have specified.
-
-You may use the @code{document} command again to change the
-documentation of a command.  Redefining the command with @code{define}
-does not change the documentation.
-
-@item help user-defined
-@kindex help user-defined
-List all user-defined commands, with the first line of the documentation
-(if any) for each.
-
-@item show user
-@itemx show user @var{commandname}
-@kindex show user
-Display the @value{GDBN} commands used to define @var{commandname} (but not its
-documentation).  If no @var{commandname} is given, display the
-definitions for all user-defined commands.
-@end table
-
-User-defined commands do not take arguments.  When they are executed, the
-commands of the definition are not printed.  An error in any command
-stops execution of the user-defined command.
-
-Commands that would ask for confirmation if used interactively proceed
-without asking when used inside a user-defined command.  Many @value{GDBN} commands
-that normally print messages to say what they are doing omit the messages
-when used in a user-defined command.
-
-@node Hooks
-@section User-defined command hooks
-@cindex command files
-
-You may define @emph{hooks}, which are a special kind of user-defined
-command.  Whenever you run the command @samp{foo}, if the user-defined
-command @samp{hook-foo} exists, it is executed (with no arguments)
-before that command.
-
-In addition, a pseudo-command, @samp{stop} exists.  Defining
-(@samp{hook-stop}) makes the associated commands execute every time
-execution stops in your program: before breakpoint commands are run,
-displays are printed, or the stack frame is printed.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-For example, to ignore @code{SIGALRM} signals while
-single-stepping, but treat them normally during normal execution,
-you could define:
-
-@example
-define hook-stop
-handle SIGALRM nopass
-end
-
-define hook-run
-handle SIGALRM pass
-end
-
-define hook-continue
-handle SIGLARM pass
-end
-@end example
-@end ifclear
-
-You can define a hook for any single-word command in @value{GDBN}, but
-not for command aliases; you should define a hook for the basic command
-name, e.g.  @code{backtrace} rather than @code{bt}.
-@c FIXME!  So how does Joe User discover whether a command is an alias
-@c or not?
-If an error occurs during the execution of your hook, execution of
-@value{GDBN} commands stops and @value{GDBN} issues a prompt
-(before the command that you actually typed had a chance to run).
-
-If you try to define a hook which does not match any known command, you
-get a warning from the @code{define} command.
-
-@node Command Files
-@section Command files
-
-@cindex command files
-A command file for @value{GDBN} is a file of lines that are @value{GDBN} commands.  Comments
-(lines starting with @kbd{#}) may also be included.  An empty line in a
-command file does nothing; it does not mean to repeat the last command, as
-it would from the terminal.
-
-@cindex init file
-@cindex @file{@value{GDBINIT}}
-When you start @value{GDBN}, it automatically executes commands from its
-@dfn{init files}.  These are files named @file{@value{GDBINIT}}.
-@value{GDBN} reads the init file (if any) in your home directory, then
-processes command line options and operands, and then reads the init
-file (if any) in the current working directory.  This is so the init
-file in your home directory can set options (such as @code{set
-complaints}) which affect the processing of the command line options and
-operands.  The init files are not executed if you use the @samp{-nx}
-option; @pxref{Mode Options, ,Choosing modes}.
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-@cindex init file name
-On some configurations of @value{GDBN}, the init file is known by a
-different name (these are typically environments where a specialized
-form of GDB may need to coexist with other forms, hence a different name
-for the specialized version's init file).  These are the environments
-with special init file names:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@kindex .vxgdbinit
-@item
-VxWorks (Wind River Systems real-time OS): @samp{.vxgdbinit}
-
-@kindex .os68gdbinit
-@item
-OS68K (Enea Data Systems real-time OS): @samp{.os68gdbinit}
-
-@kindex .esgdbinit
-@item
-ES-1800 (Ericsson Telecom AB M68000 emulator): @samp{.esgdbinit}
-@end itemize
-@end ifset
-
-You can also request the execution of a command file with the
-@code{source} command:
-
-@table @code
-@item source @var{filename}
-@kindex source
-Execute the command file @var{filename}.
-@end table
-
-The lines in a command file are executed sequentially.  They are not
-printed as they are executed.  An error in any command terminates execution
-of the command file.
-
-Commands that would ask for confirmation if used interactively proceed
-without asking when used in a command file.  Many @value{GDBN} commands that
-normally print messages to say what they are doing omit the messages
-when called from command files.
-
-@node Output
-@section Commands for controlled output
-
-During the execution of a command file or a user-defined command, normal
-@value{GDBN} output is suppressed; the only output that appears is what is
-explicitly printed by the commands in the definition.  This section
-describes three commands useful for generating exactly the output you
-want.
-
-@table @code
-@item echo @var{text}
-@kindex echo
-@c I do not consider backslash-space a standard C escape sequence
-@c because it is not in ANSI.
-Print @var{text}.  Nonprinting characters can be included in
-@var{text} using C escape sequences, such as @samp{\n} to print a
-newline.  @strong{No newline is printed unless you specify one.}
-In addition to the standard C escape sequences, a backslash followed
-by a space stands for a space.  This is useful for displaying a
-string with spaces at the beginning or the end, since leading and
-trailing spaces are otherwise trimmed from all arguments.  
-To print @samp{@w{ }and foo =@w{ }}, use the command
-@samp{echo \@w{ }and foo = \@w{ }}.
-
-A backslash at the end of @var{text} can be used, as in C, to continue
-the command onto subsequent lines.  For example,
-
-@example
-echo This is some text\n\
-which is continued\n\
-onto several lines.\n
-@end example
-
-produces the same output as
-
-@example
-echo This is some text\n
-echo which is continued\n
-echo onto several lines.\n
-@end example
-
-@item output @var{expression}
-@kindex output
-Print the value of @var{expression} and nothing but that value: no
-newlines, no @samp{$@var{nn} = }.  The value is not entered in the
-value history either.  @xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}, for more information on
-expressions.
-
-@item output/@var{fmt} @var{expression}
-Print the value of @var{expression} in format @var{fmt}.  You can use
-the same formats as for @code{print}.  @xref{Output Formats,,Output
-formats}, for more information.
-
-@item printf @var{string}, @var{expressions}@dots{}
-@kindex printf
-Print the values of the @var{expressions} under the control of
-@var{string}.  The @var{expressions} are separated by commas and may be
-either numbers or pointers.  Their values are printed as specified by
-@var{string}, exactly as if your program were to execute the C
-subroutine
-
-@example
-printf (@var{string}, @var{expressions}@dots{});
-@end example
-
-For example, you can print two values in hex like this:
-
-@smallexample
-printf "foo, bar-foo = 0x%x, 0x%x\n", foo, bar-foo
-@end smallexample
-
-The only backslash-escape sequences that you can use in the format
-string are the simple ones that consist of backslash followed by a
-letter.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-@node Emacs
-@chapter Using @value{GDBN} under GNU Emacs
-
-@cindex emacs
-A special interface allows you to use GNU Emacs to view (and
-edit) the source files for the program you are debugging with
-@value{GDBN}.
-
-To use this interface, use the command @kbd{M-x gdb} in Emacs.  Give the
-executable file you want to debug as an argument.  This command starts
-@value{GDBN} as a subprocess of Emacs, with input and output through a newly
-created Emacs buffer.
-
-Using @value{GDBN} under Emacs is just like using @value{GDBN} normally except for two
-things:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-All ``terminal'' input and output goes through the Emacs buffer.
-@end itemize
-
-This applies both to @value{GDBN} commands and their output, and to the input
-and output done by the program you are debugging.
-
-This is useful because it means that you can copy the text of previous
-commands and input them again; you can even use parts of the output
-in this way.
-
-All the facilities of Emacs' Shell mode are available for interacting
-with your program.  In particular, you can send signals the usual
-way---for example, @kbd{C-c C-c} for an interrupt, @kbd{C-c C-z} for a
-stop.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@value{GDBN} displays source code through Emacs.
-@end itemize
-
-Each time @value{GDBN} displays a stack frame, Emacs automatically finds the
-source file for that frame and puts an arrow (@samp{=>}) at the
-left margin of the current line.  Emacs uses a separate buffer for
-source display, and splits the screen to show both your @value{GDBN} session
-and the source.
-
-Explicit @value{GDBN} @code{list} or search commands still produce output as
-usual, but you probably have no reason to use them from Emacs.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} If the directory where your program resides is not your
-current directory, it can be easy to confuse Emacs about the location of
-the source files, in which case the auxiliary display buffer does not
-appear to show your source.  @value{GDBN} can find programs by searching your
-environment's @code{PATH} variable, so the @value{GDBN} input and output
-session proceeds normally; but Emacs does not get enough information
-back from @value{GDBN} to locate the source files in this situation.  To
-avoid this problem, either start @value{GDBN} mode from the directory where
-your program resides, or specify an absolute file name when prompted for the
-@kbd{M-x gdb} argument.
-
-A similar confusion can result if you use the @value{GDBN} @code{file} command to
-switch to debugging a program in some other location, from an existing
-@value{GDBN} buffer in Emacs.
-@end quotation
-
-By default, @kbd{M-x gdb} calls the program called @file{gdb}.  If
-you need to call @value{GDBN} by a different name (for example, if you keep
-several configurations around, with different names) you can set the
-Emacs variable @code{gdb-command-name}; for example,
-
-@example
-(setq gdb-command-name "mygdb")
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-(preceded by @kbd{ESC ESC}, or typed in the @code{*scratch*} buffer, or
-in your @file{.emacs} file) makes Emacs call the program named
-``@code{mygdb}'' instead.
-
-In the @value{GDBN} I/O buffer, you can use these special Emacs commands in
-addition to the standard Shell mode commands:
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-h m
-Describe the features of Emacs' @value{GDBN} Mode.
-
-@item M-s
-Execute to another source line, like the @value{GDBN} @code{step} command; also
-update the display window to show the current file and location.
-
-@item M-n
-Execute to next source line in this function, skipping all function
-calls, like the @value{GDBN} @code{next} command.  Then update the display window
-to show the current file and location.
-
-@item M-i
-Execute one instruction, like the @value{GDBN} @code{stepi} command; update
-display window accordingly.
-
-@item M-x gdb-nexti
-Execute to next instruction, using the @value{GDBN} @code{nexti} command; update
-display window accordingly.
-
-@item C-c C-f
-Execute until exit from the selected stack frame, like the @value{GDBN}
-@code{finish} command.
-
-@item M-c
-Continue execution of your program, like the @value{GDBN} @code{continue}
-command.
-
-@emph{Warning:} In Emacs v19, this command is @kbd{C-c C-p}.
-
-@item M-u
-Go up the number of frames indicated by the numeric argument
-(@pxref{Arguments, , Numeric Arguments, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}),
-like the @value{GDBN} @code{up} command.
-
-@emph{Warning:} In Emacs v19, this command is @kbd{C-c C-u}.
-
-@item M-d
-Go down the number of frames indicated by the numeric argument, like the
-@value{GDBN} @code{down} command.
-
-@emph{Warning:} In Emacs v19, this command is @kbd{C-c C-d}.
-
-@item C-x &
-Read the number where the cursor is positioned, and insert it at the end
-of the @value{GDBN} I/O buffer.  For example, if you wish to disassemble code
-around an address that was displayed earlier, type @kbd{disassemble};
-then move the cursor to the address display, and pick up the
-argument for @code{disassemble} by typing @kbd{C-x &}.
-
-You can customize this further by defining elements of the list
-@code{gdb-print-command}; once it is defined, you can format or
-otherwise process numbers picked up by @kbd{C-x &} before they are
-inserted.  A numeric argument to @kbd{C-x &} indicates that you
-wish special formatting, and also acts as an index to pick an element of the
-list.  If the list element is a string, the number to be inserted is
-formatted using the Emacs function @code{format}; otherwise the number
-is passed as an argument to the corresponding list element.
-@end table
-
-In any source file, the Emacs command @kbd{C-x SPC} (@code{gdb-break})
-tells @value{GDBN} to set a breakpoint on the source line point is on.
-
-If you accidentally delete the source-display buffer, an easy way to get
-it back is to type the command @code{f} in the @value{GDBN} buffer, to
-request a frame display; when you run under Emacs, this recreates
-the source buffer if necessary to show you the context of the current
-frame.
-
-The source files displayed in Emacs are in ordinary Emacs buffers
-which are visiting the source files in the usual way.  You can edit
-the files with these buffers if you wish; but keep in mind that @value{GDBN}
-communicates with Emacs in terms of line numbers.  If you add or
-delete lines from the text, the line numbers that @value{GDBN} knows cease
-to correspond properly with the code.
-
-@c The following dropped because Epoch is nonstandard.  Reactivate
-@c if/when v19 does something similar. ---pesch@cygnus.com 19dec1990
-@ignore
-@kindex emacs epoch environment
-@kindex epoch
-@kindex inspect
-
-Version 18 of Emacs has a built-in window system called the @code{epoch}
-environment.  Users of this environment can use a new command,
-@code{inspect} which performs identically to @code{print} except that
-each value is printed in its own window.
-@end ignore
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset LUCID
-@node Energize
-@chapter Using @value{GDBN} with Energize
-
-@cindex Energize
-The Energize Programming System is an integrated development environment
-that includes a point-and-click interface to many programming tools.
-When you use @value{GDBN} in this environment, you can use the standard
-Energize graphical interface to drive @value{GDBN}; you can also, if you
-choose, type @value{GDBN} commands as usual in a debugging window.  Even if
-you use the graphical interface, the debugging window (which uses Emacs,
-and resembles the standard Emacs interface to @value{GDBN}) displays the
-equivalent commands, so that the history of your debugging session is
-properly reflected.
-
-When Energize starts up a @value{GDBN} session, it uses one of the
-command-line options @samp{-energize} or @samp{-cadillac} (``cadillac''
-is the name of the communications protocol used by the Energize system).
-This option makes @value{GDBN} run as one of the tools in the Energize Tool
-Set: it sends all output to the Energize kernel, and accept input from
-it as well.
-
-See the user manual for the Energize Programming System for 
-information on how to use the Energize graphical interface and the other
-development tools that Energize integrates with @value{GDBN}.
-
-@end ifset
-
-@node GDB Bugs
-@chapter Reporting Bugs in @value{GDBN}
-@cindex bugs in @value{GDBN}
-@cindex reporting bugs in @value{GDBN}
-
-Your bug reports play an essential role in making @value{GDBN} reliable.
-
-Reporting a bug may help you by bringing a solution to your problem, or it
-may not.  But in any case the principal function of a bug report is to help
-the entire community by making the next version of @value{GDBN} work better.  Bug
-reports are your contribution to the maintenance of @value{GDBN}.
-
-In order for a bug report to serve its purpose, you must include the
-information that enables us to fix the bug.
-
-@menu
-* Bug Criteria::                Have you found a bug?
-* Bug Reporting::               How to report bugs
-@end menu
-
-@node Bug Criteria
-@section Have you found a bug?
-@cindex bug criteria
-
-If you are not sure whether you have found a bug, here are some guidelines:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@cindex fatal signal
-@cindex debugger crash
-@cindex crash of debugger
-If the debugger gets a fatal signal, for any input whatever, that is a
-@value{GDBN} bug.  Reliable debuggers never crash.
-
-@item
-@cindex error on valid input
-If @value{GDBN} produces an error message for valid input, that is a bug.
-
-@item
-@cindex invalid input
-If @value{GDBN} does not produce an error message for invalid input,
-that is a bug.  However, you should note that your idea of
-``invalid input'' might be our idea of ``an extension'' or ``support
-for traditional practice''.
-
-@item
-If you are an experienced user of debugging tools, your suggestions
-for improvement of @value{GDBN} are welcome in any case.
-@end itemize
-
-@node Bug Reporting
-@section How to report bugs
-@cindex bug reports
-@cindex @value{GDBN} bugs, reporting
-
-A number of companies and individuals offer support for GNU products.
-If you obtained @value{GDBN} from a support organization, we recommend you
-contact that organization first.
-
-You can find contact information for many support companies and
-individuals in the file @file{etc/SERVICE} in the GNU Emacs
-distribution.
-
-In any event, we also recommend that you send bug reports for @value{GDBN} to one
-of these addresses:
-
-@example
-bug-gdb@@prep.ai.mit.edu
-@{ucbvax|mit-eddie|uunet@}!prep.ai.mit.edu!bug-gdb
-@end example
-
-@strong{Do not send bug reports to @samp{info-gdb}, or to
-@samp{help-gdb}, or to any newsgroups.} Most users of @value{GDBN} do not want to
-receive bug reports.  Those that do, have arranged to receive @samp{bug-gdb}.
-
-The mailing list @samp{bug-gdb} has a newsgroup @samp{gnu.gdb.bug} which
-serves as a repeater.  The mailing list and the newsgroup carry exactly
-the same messages.  Often people think of posting bug reports to the
-newsgroup instead of mailing them.  This appears to work, but it has one
-problem which can be crucial: a newsgroup posting often lacks a mail
-path back to the sender.  Thus, if we need to ask for more information,
-we may be unable to reach you.  For this reason, it is better to send
-bug reports to the mailing list.
-
-As a last resort, send bug reports on paper to:
-
-@example
-GNU Debugger Bugs
-Free Software Foundation
-545 Tech Square
-Cambridge, MA 02139
-@end example
-
-The fundamental principle of reporting bugs usefully is this:
-@strong{report all the facts}.  If you are not sure whether to state a
-fact or leave it out, state it!
-
-Often people omit facts because they think they know what causes the
-problem and assume that some details do not matter.  Thus, you might
-assume that the name of the variable you use in an example does not matter.
-Well, probably it does not, but one cannot be sure.  Perhaps the bug is a
-stray memory reference which happens to fetch from the location where that
-name is stored in memory; perhaps, if the name were different, the contents
-of that location would fool the debugger into doing the right thing despite
-the bug.  Play it safe and give a specific, complete example.  That is the
-easiest thing for you to do, and the most helpful.
-
-Keep in mind that the purpose of a bug report is to enable us to fix
-the bug if it is new to us.  It is not as important as what happens if
-the bug is already known.  Therefore, always write your bug reports on
-the assumption that the bug has not been reported previously.
-
-Sometimes people give a few sketchy facts and ask, ``Does this ring a
-bell?''  Those bug reports are useless, and we urge everyone to
-@emph{refuse to respond to them} except to chide the sender to report
-bugs properly.
-
-To enable us to fix the bug, you should include all these things:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-The version of @value{GDBN}.  @value{GDBN} announces it if you start with no
-arguments; you can also print it at any time using @code{show version}.
-
-Without this, we will not know whether there is any point in looking for
-the bug in the current version of @value{GDBN}.
-
-@item
-The type of machine you are using, and the operating system name and
-version number.
-
-@item
-What compiler (and its version) was used to compile @value{GDBN}---e.g.
-``@value{GCC}--2.0''.
-
-@item
-What compiler (and its version) was used to compile the program you
-are debugging---e.g.  ``@value{GCC}--2.0''.
-
-@item
-The command arguments you gave the compiler to compile your example and
-observe the bug.  For example, did you use @samp{-O}?  To guarantee
-you will not omit something important, list them all.  A copy of the
-Makefile (or the output from make) is sufficient.
-
-If we were to try to guess the arguments, we would probably guess wrong
-and then we might not encounter the bug.
-
-@item
-A complete input script, and all necessary source files, that will
-reproduce the bug.
-
-@item
-A description of what behavior you observe that you believe is
-incorrect.  For example, ``It gets a fatal signal.''
-
-Of course, if the bug is that @value{GDBN} gets a fatal signal, then we will
-certainly notice it.  But if the bug is incorrect output, we might not
-notice unless it is glaringly wrong.  We are human, after all.  You
-might as well not give us a chance to make a mistake.
-
-Even if the problem you experience is a fatal signal, you should still
-say so explicitly.  Suppose something strange is going on, such as,
-your copy of @value{GDBN} is out of synch, or you have encountered a
-bug in the C library on your system.  (This has happened!)  Your copy
-might crash and ours would not.  If you told us to expect a crash,
-then when ours fails to crash, we would know that the bug was not
-happening for us.  If you had not told us to expect a crash, then we
-would not be able to draw any conclusion from our observations.
-
-@item
-If you wish to suggest changes to the @value{GDBN} source, send us context
-diffs.  If you even discuss something in the @value{GDBN} source, refer to
-it by context, not by line number.
-
-The line numbers in our development sources will not match those in your
-sources.  Your line numbers would convey no useful information to us.
-@end itemize
-
-Here are some things that are not necessary:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-A description of the envelope of the bug.
-
-Often people who encounter a bug spend a lot of time investigating
-which changes to the input file will make the bug go away and which
-changes will not affect it.
-
-This is often time consuming and not very useful, because the way we
-will find the bug is by running a single example under the debugger
-with breakpoints, not by pure deduction from a series of examples.
-We recommend that you save your time for something else.
-
-Of course, if you can find a simpler example to report @emph{instead}
-of the original one, that is a convenience for us.  Errors in the
-output will be easier to spot, running under the debugger will take
-less time, and so on.
-
-However, simplification is not vital; if you do not want to do this,
-report the bug anyway and send us the entire test case you used.
-
-@item
-A patch for the bug.
-
-A patch for the bug does help us if it is a good one.  But do not omit
-the necessary information, such as the test case, on the assumption that
-a patch is all we need.  We might see problems with your patch and decide
-to fix the problem another way, or we might not understand it at all.
-
-Sometimes with a program as complicated as @value{GDBN} it is very hard to
-construct an example that will make the program follow a certain path
-through the code.  If you do not send us the example, we will not be able
-to construct one, so we will not be able to verify that the bug is fixed.
-
-And if we cannot understand what bug you are trying to fix, or why your
-patch should be an improvement, we will not install it.  A test case will
-help us to understand.
-
-@item
-A guess about what the bug is or what it depends on.
-
-Such guesses are usually wrong.  Even we cannot guess right about such
-things without first using the debugger to find the facts.
-@end itemize
-
-@c The readline documentation is distributed with the readline code 
-@c and consists of the two following files:
-@c     rluser.texinfo
-@c     inc-hist.texi
-@c Use -I with makeinfo to point to the appropriate directory,
-@c environment var TEXINPUTS with TeX.
-@include rluser.texinfo
-@include inc-hist.texi
-
-@ifset NOVEL
-@node Renamed Commands
-@appendix Renamed Commands
-
-The following commands were renamed in GDB 4, in order to make the
-command set as a whole more consistent and easier to use and remember:
-
-@kindex add-syms
-@kindex delete environment
-@kindex info copying
-@kindex info convenience
-@kindex info directories
-@kindex info editing
-@kindex info history
-@kindex info targets
-@kindex info values
-@kindex info version
-@kindex info warranty
-@kindex set addressprint
-@kindex set arrayprint
-@kindex set prettyprint
-@kindex set screen-height
-@kindex set screen-width
-@kindex set unionprint
-@kindex set vtblprint
-@kindex set demangle
-@kindex set asm-demangle
-@kindex set sevenbit-strings
-@kindex set array-max
-@kindex set caution
-@kindex set history write
-@kindex show addressprint
-@kindex show arrayprint
-@kindex show prettyprint
-@kindex show screen-height
-@kindex show screen-width
-@kindex show unionprint
-@kindex show vtblprint
-@kindex show demangle
-@kindex show asm-demangle
-@kindex show sevenbit-strings
-@kindex show array-max
-@kindex show caution
-@kindex show history write
-@kindex unset
-
-@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
-@ifinfo
-@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
-@example
-OLD COMMAND               NEW COMMAND
-@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
----------------           -------------------------------
-@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
-add-syms                  add-symbol-file
-delete environment        unset environment
-info convenience          show convenience
-info copying              show copying
-info directories          show directories
-info editing              show commands
-info history              show values
-info targets              help target
-info values               show values
-info version              show version
-info warranty             show warranty
-set/show addressprint     set/show print address
-set/show array-max        set/show print elements
-set/show arrayprint       set/show print array
-set/show asm-demangle     set/show print asm-demangle
-set/show caution          set/show confirm
-set/show demangle         set/show print demangle
-set/show history write    set/show history save
-set/show prettyprint      set/show print pretty
-set/show screen-height    set/show height
-set/show screen-width     set/show width
-set/show sevenbit-strings set/show print sevenbit-strings
-set/show unionprint       set/show print union
-set/show vtblprint        set/show print vtbl
-
-unset                     [No longer an alias for delete]
-@end example
-@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
-@end ifinfo
-
-@tex
-\vskip \parskip\vskip \baselineskip
-\halign{\tt #\hfil &\qquad#&\tt #\hfil\cr
-{\bf Old Command}         &&{\bf New Command}\cr
-add-syms                  &&add-symbol-file\cr
-delete environment        &&unset environment\cr
-info convenience          &&show convenience\cr
-info copying              &&show copying\cr
-info directories          &&show directories     \cr
-info editing              &&show commands\cr
-info history              &&show values\cr
-info targets              &&help target\cr
-info values               &&show values\cr
-info version              &&show version\cr
-info warranty             &&show warranty\cr
-set{\rm / }show addressprint     &&set{\rm / }show print address\cr
-set{\rm / }show array-max        &&set{\rm / }show print elements\cr
-set{\rm / }show arrayprint       &&set{\rm / }show print array\cr
-set{\rm / }show asm-demangle     &&set{\rm / }show print asm-demangle\cr
-set{\rm / }show caution          &&set{\rm / }show confirm\cr
-set{\rm / }show demangle         &&set{\rm / }show print demangle\cr
-set{\rm / }show history write    &&set{\rm / }show history save\cr
-set{\rm / }show prettyprint      &&set{\rm / }show print pretty\cr
-set{\rm / }show screen-height    &&set{\rm / }show height\cr
-set{\rm / }show screen-width     &&set{\rm / }show width\cr
-set{\rm / }show sevenbit-strings &&set{\rm / }show print sevenbit-strings\cr
-set{\rm / }show unionprint       &&set{\rm / }show print union\cr
-set{\rm / }show vtblprint        &&set{\rm / }show print vtbl\cr
-\cr
-unset                     &&\rm(No longer an alias for delete)\cr
-}
-@end tex
-@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear PRECONFIGURED
-@node Formatting Documentation
-@appendix Formatting Documentation
-
-@cindex GDB reference card
-@cindex reference card
-The GDB 4 release includes an already-formatted reference card, ready
-for printing with PostScript or Ghostscript, in the @file{gdb}
-subdirectory of the main source directory@footnote{In
-@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}/gdb/refcard.ps} of the version @value{GDBVN}
-release.}.  If you can use PostScript or Ghostscript with your printer,
-you can print the reference card immediately with @file{refcard.ps}.
-
-The release also includes the source for the reference card.  You
-can format it, using @TeX{}, by typing:
-
-@example
-make refcard.dvi
-@end example
-
-The GDB reference card is designed to print in landscape mode on US
-``letter'' size paper; that is, on a sheet 11 inches wide by 8.5 inches
-high.  You will need to specify this form of printing as an option to
-your @sc{dvi} output program.
-
-@cindex documentation
-
-All the documentation for GDB comes as part of the machine-readable
-distribution.  The documentation is written in Texinfo format, which is
-a documentation system that uses a single source file to produce both
-on-line information and a printed manual.  You can use one of the Info
-formatting commands to create the on-line version of the documentation
-and @TeX{} (or @code{texi2roff}) to typeset the printed version.
-
-GDB includes an already formatted copy of the on-line Info version of
-this manual in the @file{gdb} subdirectory.  The main Info file is
-@file{gdb-@var{version-number}/gdb/gdb.info}, and it refers to
-subordinate files matching @samp{gdb.info*} in the same directory.  If
-necessary, you can print out these files, or read them with any editor;
-but they are easier to read using the @code{info} subsystem in GNU Emacs
-or the standalone @code{info} program, available as part of the GNU
-Texinfo distribution.
-
-If you want to format these Info files yourself, you need one of the
-Info formatting programs, such as @code{texinfo-format-buffer} or
-@code{makeinfo}.
-
-If you have @code{makeinfo} installed, and are in the top level GDB
-source directory (@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}}, in the case of version @value{GDBVN}), you can
-make the Info file by typing:
-
-@example
-cd gdb
-make gdb.info
-@end example
-
-If you want to typeset and print copies of this manual, you need @TeX{},
-a program to print its @sc{dvi} output files, and @file{texinfo.tex}, the
-Texinfo definitions file.
-
-@TeX{} is a typesetting program; it does not print files directly, but
-produces output files called @sc{dvi} files.  To print a typeset
-document, you need a program to print @sc{dvi} files.  If your system
-has @TeX{} installed, chances are it has such a program.  The precise
-command to use depends on your system; @kbd{lpr -d} is common; another
-(for PostScript devices) is @kbd{dvips}.  The @sc{dvi} print command may
-require a file name without any extension or a @samp{.dvi} extension.
-
-@TeX{} also requires a macro definitions file called
-@file{texinfo.tex}.  This file tells @TeX{} how to typeset a document
-written in Texinfo format.  On its own, @TeX{} cannot read, much less
-typeset a Texinfo file.  @file{texinfo.tex} is distributed with GDB
-and is located in the @file{gdb-@var{version-number}/texinfo}
-directory.
-
-If you have @TeX{} and a @sc{dvi} printer program installed, you can
-typeset and print this manual.  First switch to the the @file{gdb}
-subdirectory of the main source directory (for example, to
-@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}/gdb}) and then type:
-
-@example
-make gdb.dvi
-@end example
-
-@node Installing GDB
-@appendix Installing GDB
-@cindex configuring GDB
-@cindex installation
-
-GDB comes with a @code{configure} script that automates the process
-of preparing GDB for installation; you can then use @code{make} to
-build the @code{gdb} program.
-@iftex
-@c irrelevant in info file; it's as current as the code it lives with.
-@footnote{If you have a more recent version of GDB than @value{GDBVN},
-look at the @file{README} file in the sources; we may have improved the
-installation procedures since publishing this manual.}
-@end iftex
-
-The GDB distribution includes all the source code you need for GDB in
-a single directory, whose name is usually composed by appending the
-version number to @samp{gdb}.
-
-For example, the GDB version @value{GDBVN} distribution is in the
-@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}} directory.  That directory contains:
-
-@table @code
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/configure @r{(and supporting files)}
-script for configuring GDB and all its supporting libraries.
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/gdb
-the source specific to GDB itself
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/bfd
-source for the Binary File Descriptor library
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/include
-GNU include files
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/libiberty
-source for the @samp{-liberty} free software library
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/opcodes
-source for the library of opcode tables and disassemblers
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/readline
-source for the GNU command-line interface
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/glob
-source for the GNU filename pattern-matching subroutine
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/mmalloc
-source for the GNU memory-mapped malloc package
-@end table
-
-The simplest way to configure and build GDB is to run @code{configure}
-from the @file{gdb-@var{version-number}} source directory, which in
-this example is the @file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}} directory.
-
-First switch to the @file{gdb-@var{version-number}} source directory
-if you are not already in it; then run @code{configure}.  Pass the
-identifier for the platform on which GDB will run as an
-argument.
-
-For example:
-
-@example
-cd gdb-@value{GDBVN}
-./configure @var{host}
-make
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-where @var{host} is an identifier such as @samp{sun4} or
-@samp{decstation}, that identifies the platform where GDB will run.
-(You can often leave off @var{host}; @code{configure} tries to guess the
-correct value by examining your system.)
-
-Running @samp{configure @var{host}} and then running @code{make} builds the
-@file{bfd}, @file{readline}, @file{mmalloc}, and @file{libiberty}
-libraries, then @code{gdb} itself.  The configured source files, and the
-binaries, are left in the corresponding source directories.
-
-@code{configure} is a Bourne-shell (@code{/bin/sh}) script; if your
-system does not recognize this automatically when you run a different
-shell, you may need to run @code{sh} on it explicitly:
-
-@example
-sh configure @var{host}
-@end example
-
-If you run @code{configure} from a directory that contains source
-directories for multiple libraries or programs, such as the
-@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}} source directory for version @value{GDBVN}, @code{configure}
-creates configuration files for every directory level underneath (unless
-you tell it not to, with the @samp{--norecursion} option).
-
-You can run the @code{configure} script from any of the
-subordinate directories in the GDB distribution if you only want to
-configure that subdirectory, but be sure to specify a path to it.
-
-For example, with version @value{GDBVN}, type the following to configure only
-the @code{bfd} subdirectory:
-
-@example
-@group
-cd gdb-@value{GDBVN}/bfd
-../configure @var{host}
-@end group
-@end example
-
-You can install @code{@value{GDBP}} anywhere; it has no hardwired paths.
-However, you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by
-the @samp{SHELL} environment variable) is publicly readable.  Remember
-that GDB uses the shell to start your program---some systems refuse to
-let GDB debug child processes whose programs are not readable.
-
-@menu
-* Separate Objdir::             Compiling GDB in another directory
-* Config Names::                Specifying names for hosts and targets
-* configure Options::           Summary of options for configure
-@end menu
-
-@node Separate Objdir
-@section Compiling GDB in another directory
-
-If you want to run GDB versions for several host or target machines,
-you need a different @code{gdb} compiled for each combination of
-host and target.  @code{configure} is designed to make this easy by
-allowing you to generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory,
-rather than in the source directory.  If your @code{make} program
-handles the @samp{VPATH} feature (GNU @code{make} does), running
-@code{make} in each of these directories builds the @code{gdb}
-program specified there.
-
-To build @code{gdb} in a separate directory, run @code{configure}
-with the @samp{--srcdir} option to specify where to find the source.
-(You also need to specify a path to find @code{configure}
-itself from your working directory.  If the path to @code{configure}
-would be the same as the argument to @samp{--srcdir}, you can leave out
-the @samp{--srcdir} option; it is assumed.)
-
-For example, with version @value{GDBVN}, you can build GDB in a separate
-directory for a Sun 4 like this:
-
-@example
-@group
-cd gdb-@value{GDBVN}
-mkdir ../gdb-sun4
-cd ../gdb-sun4
-../gdb-@value{GDBVN}/configure sun4
-make
-@end group
-@end example
-
-When @code{configure} builds a configuration using a remote source
-directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure
-(and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory.  In
-the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library @file{libiberty.a} in the
-directory @file{gdb-sun4/libiberty}, and GDB itself in
-@file{gdb-sun4/gdb}.
-
-One popular reason to build several GDB configurations in separate
-directories is to configure GDB for cross-compiling (where GDB
-runs on one machine---the host---while debugging programs that run on
-another machine---the target).  You specify a cross-debugging target by
-giving the @samp{--target=@var{target}} option to @code{configure}.
-
-When you run @code{make} to build a program or library, you must run
-it in a configured directory---whatever directory you were in when you
-called @code{configure} (or one of its subdirectories).
-
-The @code{Makefile} that @code{configure} generates in each source
-directory also runs recursively.  If you type @code{make} in a source
-directory such as @file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}} (or in a separate configured
-directory configured with @samp{--srcdir=@var{dirname}/gdb-@value{GDBVN}}), you
-will build all the required libraries, and then build GDB.
-
-When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate
-directories, you can run @code{make} on them in parallel (for example,
-if they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere
-with each other.
-
-@node Config Names
-@section Specifying names for hosts and targets
-
-The specifications used for hosts and targets in the @code{configure}
-script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short predefined
-aliases are also supported.  The full naming scheme encodes three pieces
-of information in the following pattern:
-
-@example
-@var{architecture}-@var{vendor}-@var{os}
-@end example
-
-For example, you can use the alias @code{sun4} as a @var{host} argument,
-or as the value for @var{target} in a @code{--target=@var{target}}
-option.  The equivalent full name is @samp{sparc-sun-sunos4}.
-
-The @code{configure} script accompanying GDB does not provide
-any query facility to list all supported host and target names or
-aliases.  @code{configure} calls the Bourne shell script
-@code{config.sub} to map abbreviations to full names; you can read the
-script, if you wish, or you can use it to test your guesses on
-abbreviations---for example:
-
-@smallexample
-% sh config.sub sun4
-sparc-sun-sunos4.1.1
-% sh config.sub sun3
-m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1
-% sh config.sub decstation
-mips-dec-ultrix4.2
-% sh config.sub hp300bsd
-m68k-hp-bsd
-% sh config.sub i386v
-i386-unknown-sysv
-% sh config.sub i786v
-Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@code{config.sub} is also distributed in the GDB source
-directory (@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}}, for version @value{GDBVN}).
-
-@node configure Options
-@section @code{configure} options
-
-Here is a summary of the @code{configure} options and arguments that
-are most often useful for building @value{GDBN}.  @code{configure} also has
-several other options not listed here.  @inforef{What Configure
-Does,,configure.info}, for a full explanation of @code{configure}.
-@c FIXME: Would this be more, or less, useful as an xref (ref to printed
-@c manual in the printed manual, ref to info file only from the info file)?
-
-@example
-configure @r{[}--help@r{]}
-          @r{[}--prefix=@var{dir}@r{]}
-          @r{[}--srcdir=@var{dirname}@r{]}
-          @r{[}--norecursion@r{]} @r{[}--rm@r{]}
-          @r{[}--target=@var{target}@r{]} @var{host}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-You may introduce options with a single @samp{-} rather than
-@samp{--} if you prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use
-@samp{--}.
-
-@table @code
-@item --help
-Display a quick summary of how to invoke @code{configure}.
-
-@item -prefix=@var{dir}
-Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
-@file{@var{dir}}.
-
-@c avoid splitting the warning from the explanation:
-@need 2000
-@item --srcdir=@var{dirname}
-@strong{Warning: using this option requires GNU @code{make}, or another
-@code{make} that implements the @code{VPATH} feature.}@*
-Use this option to make configurations in directories separate from the
-GDB source directories.  Among other things, you can use this to
-build (or maintain) several configurations simultaneously, in separate
-directories.  @code{configure} writes configuration specific files in
-the current directory, but arranges for them to use the source in the
-directory @var{dirname}.  @code{configure} creates directories under
-the working directory in parallel to the source directories below
-@var{dirname}.
-
-@item --norecursion
-Configure only the directory level where @code{configure} is executed; do not
-propagate configuration to subdirectories.
-
-@item --rm
-@emph{Remove} files otherwise built during configuration.
-
-@c This does not work (yet if ever).  FIXME.
-@c @item --parse=@var{lang} @dots{}
-@c Configure the GDB expression parser to parse the listed languages.
-@c @samp{all} configures GDB for all supported languages.  To get a
-@c list of all supported languages, omit the argument.  Without this
-@c option, GDB is configured to parse all supported languages.
-
-@item --target=@var{target}
-Configure GDB for cross-debugging programs running on the specified
-@var{target}.  Without this option, GDB is configured to debug
-programs that run on the same machine (@var{host}) as GDB itself.
-
-There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available targets.
-
-@item @var{host} @dots{}
-Configure GDB to run on the specified @var{host}.
-
-There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available hosts.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-@code{configure} accepts other options, for compatibility with
-configuring other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only
-options that affect GDB or its supporting libraries.
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Index
-@unnumbered Index
-
-@printindex cp
-
-@tex
-% I think something like @colophon should be in texinfo.  In the
-% meantime:
-\long\def\colophon{\hbox to0pt{}\vfill
-\centerline{The body of this manual is set in}
-\centerline{\fontname\tenrm,}
-\centerline{with headings in {\bf\fontname\tenbf}}
-\centerline{and examples in {\tt\fontname\tentt}.}
-\centerline{{\it\fontname\tenit\/},}
-\centerline{{\bf\fontname\tenbf}, and}
-\centerline{{\sl\fontname\tensl\/}}
-\centerline{are used for emphasis.}\vfill}
-\page\colophon
-% Blame: pesch@cygnus.com, 1991.
-@end tex
-
-@contents
-@bye
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index bd96420001ac..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2669 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo
-@setfilename gdbint.info
-@c $FreeBSD$
-
-@ifinfo
-@format
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Gdb-Internals: (gdbint).	The GNU debugger's internals.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-@end format
-@end ifinfo
-
-@ifinfo
-This file documents the internals of the GNU debugger GDB.
-
-Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Contributed by Cygnus Support.  Written by John Gilmore.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy or distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the terms of the GPL (for which purpose this text may be
-regarded as a program in the language TeX).
-@end ifinfo
-
-@setchapternewpage off
-@settitle GDB Internals
-@titlepage
-@title{Working in GDB}
-@subtitle{A guide to the internals of the GNU debugger}
-@author John Gilmore
-@author Cygnus Support
-@page
-@tex
-\def\$#1${{#1}}  % Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
-\xdef\manvers{\$Revision: 1.2 $}  % For use in headers, footers too
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill Cygnus Support\par
-\hfill \manvers\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-}
-@end tex
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@end titlepage
-
-@node Top
-@c Perhaps this should be the title of the document (but only for info,
-@c not for TeX).  Existing GNU manuals seem inconsistent on this point.
-@top Scope of this Document
-
-This document documents the internals of the GNU debugger, GDB.  It is
-intended to document aspects of GDB which apply across many different
-parts of GDB (for example, @pxref{Coding Style}), or which are global
-aspects of design (for example, what are the major modules and which
-files document them in detail?).  Information which pertains to specific
-data structures, functions, variables, etc., should be put in comments
-in the source code, not here.  It is more likely to get noticed and kept
-up to date there.  Some of the information in this document should
-probably be moved into comments.
-
-@menu
-* README::			The README File
-* Getting Started::		Getting started working on GDB
-* Debugging GDB::		Debugging GDB with itself
-* New Architectures::		Defining a New Host or Target Architecture
-* Config::			Adding a New Configuration
-* Host::			Adding a New Host
-* Native::			Adding a New Native Configuration
-* Target::			Adding a New Target
-* Languages::			Defining New Source Languages
-* Releases::			Configuring GDB for Release
-* Partial Symbol Tables::	How GDB reads symbols quickly at startup
-* Types::			How GDB keeps track of types
-* BFD support for GDB::		How BFD and GDB interface
-* Symbol Reading::		Defining New Symbol Readers
-* Cleanups::			Cleanups
-* Wrapping::			Wrapping Output Lines
-* Frames::			Keeping track of function calls
-* Remote Stubs::		Code that runs in targets and talks to GDB
-* Longjmp Support::		Stepping through longjmp's in the target
-* Coding Style::		Strunk and White for GDB maintainers
-* Clean Design::		Frank Lloyd Wright for GDB maintainers
-* Submitting Patches::		How to get your changes into GDB releases
-* Host Conditionals::		What features exist in the host
-* Target Conditionals::		What features exist in the target
-* Native Conditionals::		Conditionals for when host and target are same
-* Obsolete Conditionals::	Conditionals that don't exist any more
-* XCOFF::			The Object file format used on IBM's RS/6000
-@end menu
-
-@node README
-@chapter The @file{README} File
-
-Check the @file{README} file, it often has useful information that does not
-appear anywhere else in the directory.
-
-@node Getting Started
-@chapter Getting Started Working on GDB
-
-GDB is a large and complicated program, and if you first starting to
-work on it, it can be hard to know where to start.  Fortunately, if you
-know how to go about it, there are ways to figure out what is going on:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-This manual, the GDB Internals manual, has information which applies
-generally to many parts of GDB.
-
-@item
-Information about particular functions or data structures are located in
-comments with those functions or data structures.  If you run across a
-function or a global variable which does not have a comment correctly
-explaining what is does, this can be thought of as a bug in GDB; feel
-free to submit a bug report, with a suggested comment if you can figure
-out what the comment should say (@pxref{Submitting Patches}).  If you
-find a comment which is actually wrong, be especially sure to report that.
-
-Comments explaining the function of macros defined in host, target, or
-native dependent files can be in several places.  Sometimes they are
-repeated every place the macro is defined.  Sometimes they are where the
-macro is used.  Sometimes there is a header file which supplies a
-default definition of the macro, and the comment is there.  This manual
-also has a list of macros (@pxref{Host Conditionals}, @pxref{Target
-Conditionals}, @pxref{Native Conditionals}, and @pxref{Obsolete
-Conditionals}) with some documentation.
-
-@item
-Start with the header files.  Once you some idea of how GDB's internal
-symbol tables are stored (see @file{symtab.h}, @file{gdbtypes.h}), you
-will find it much easier to understand the code which uses and creates
-those symbol tables.
-
-@item
-You may wish to process the information you are getting somehow, to
-enhance your understanding of it.  Summarize it, translate it to another
-language, add some (perhaps trivial or non-useful) feature to GDB, use
-the code to predict what a test case would do and write the test case
-and verify your prediction, etc.  If you are reading code and your eyes
-are starting to glaze over, this is a sign you need to use a more active
-approach.
-
-@item
-Once you have a part of GDB to start with, you can find more
-specifically the part you are looking for by stepping through each
-function with the @code{next} command.  Do not use @code{step} or you
-will quickly get distracted; when the function you are stepping through
-calls another function try only to get a big-picture understanding
-(perhaps using the comment at the beginning of the function being
-called) of what it does.  This way you can identify which of the
-functions being called by the function you are stepping through is the
-one which you are interested in.  You may need to examine the data
-structures generated at each stage, with reference to the comments in
-the header files explaining what the data structures are supposed to
-look like.
-
-Of course, this same technique can be used if you are just reading the
-code, rather than actually stepping through it.  The same general
-principle applies---when the code you are looking at calls something
-else, just try to understand generally what the code being called does,
-rather than worrying about all its details.
-
-@item
-A good place to start when tracking down some particular area is with a
-command which invokes that feature.  Suppose you want to know how
-single-stepping works.  As a GDB user, you know that the @code{step}
-command invokes single-stepping.  The command is invoked via command
-tables (see @file{command.h}); by convention the function which actually
-performs the command is formed by taking the name of the command and
-adding @samp{_command}, or in the case of an @code{info} subcommand,
-@samp{_info}.  For example, the @code{step} command invokes the
-@code{step_command} function and the @code{info display} command invokes
-@code{display_info}.  When this convention is not followed, you might
-have to use @code{grep} or @kbd{M-x tags-search} in emacs, or run GDB on
-itself and set a breakpoint in @code{execute_command}.
-
-@item
-If all of the above fail, it may be appropriate to ask for information
-on @code{bug-gdb}.  But @emph{never} post a generic question like ``I was
-wondering if anyone could give me some tips about understanding
-GDB''---if we had some magic secret we would put it in this manual.
-Suggestions for improving the manual are always welcome, of course.
-@end itemize
-
-Good luck!
-
-@node Debugging GDB
-@chapter Debugging GDB with itself
-If GDB is limping on your machine, this is the preferred way to get it
-fully functional.  Be warned that in some ancient Unix systems, like
-Ultrix 4.2, a program can't be running in one process while it is being
-debugged in another.  Rather than typing the command @code{@w{./gdb
-./gdb}}, which works on Suns and such, you can copy @file{gdb} to
-@file{gdb2} and then type @code{@w{./gdb ./gdb2}}.
-
-When you run GDB in the GDB source directory, it will read a
-@file{.gdbinit} file that sets up some simple things to make debugging
-gdb easier.  The @code{info} command, when executed without a subcommand
-in a GDB being debugged by gdb, will pop you back up to the top level
-gdb.  See @file{.gdbinit} for details.
-
-If you use emacs, you will probably want to do a @code{make TAGS} after
-you configure your distribution; this will put the machine dependent
-routines for your local machine where they will be accessed first by
-@kbd{M-.}
-
-Also, make sure that you've either compiled GDB with your local cc, or
-have run @code{fixincludes} if you are compiling with gcc.
-
-@node New Architectures
-@chapter Defining a New Host or Target Architecture
-
-When building support for a new host and/or target, much of the work you
-need to do is handled by specifying configuration files;
-@pxref{Config,,Adding a New Configuration}.  Further work can be
-divided into ``host-dependent'' (@pxref{Host,,Adding a New Host}) and
-``target-dependent'' (@pxref{Target,,Adding a New Target}).  The
-following discussion is meant to explain the difference between hosts
-and targets.
-
-@heading What is considered ``host-dependent'' versus ``target-dependent''?
-
-@dfn{Host} refers to attributes of the system where GDB runs.
-@dfn{Target} refers to the system where the program being debugged
-executes.   In most cases they are the same machine, in which case
-a third type of @dfn{Native} attributes come into play.
-
-Defines and include files needed to build on the host are host support.
-Examples are tty support, system defined types, host byte order, host
-float format.
-
-Defines and information needed to handle the target format are target
-dependent.  Examples are the stack frame format, instruction set,
-breakpoint instruction, registers, and how to set up and tear down the stack
-to call a function.
-
-Information that is only needed when the host and target are the same,
-is native dependent.  One example is Unix child process support; if the
-host and target are not the same, doing a fork to start the target
-process is a bad idea.  The various macros needed for finding the
-registers in the @code{upage}, running @code{ptrace}, and such are all in the
-native-dependent files.
-
-Another example of native-dependent code is support for features
-that are really part of the target environment, but which require 
-@code{#include} files that are only available on the host system.
-Core file handling and @code{setjmp} handling are two common cases.
-
-When you want to make GDB work ``native'' on a particular
-machine, you have to include all three kinds of information.
-
-The dependent information in GDB is organized into files by naming
-conventions.  
-
-Host-Dependent Files
-@table @file
-@item	config/*/*.mh
-Sets Makefile parameters
-@item	config/*/xm-*.h
-Global #include's and #define's and definitions
-@item	*-xdep.c
-Global variables and functions
-@end table
-
-Native-Dependent Files
-@table @file
-@item	config/*/*.mh
-Sets Makefile parameters (for @emph{both} host and native)
-@item	config/*/nm-*.h
-#include's and #define's and definitions.  This file
-is only included by the small number of modules that need it,
-so beware of doing feature-test #define's from its macros.
-@item	*-nat.c
-global variables and functions
-@end table
-
-Target-Dependent Files
-@table @file
-@item	config/*/*.mt
-Sets Makefile parameters
-@item	config/*/tm-*.h
-Global #include's and #define's and definitions
-@item	*-tdep.c
-Global variables and functions
-@end table
-
-At this writing, most supported hosts have had their host and native
-dependencies sorted out properly.  There are a few stragglers, which
-can be recognized by the absence of NATDEPFILES lines in their
-@file{config/*/*.mh}.
-
-@node Config
-@chapter Adding a New Configuration
-
-Most of the work in making GDB compile on a new machine is in specifying
-the configuration of the machine.  This is done in a dizzying variety of
-header files and configuration scripts, which we hope to make more
-sensible soon.  Let's say your new host is called an @var{xxx} (e.g.
-@samp{sun4}), and its full three-part configuration name is
-@code{@var{xarch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}} (e.g.  @samp{sparc-sun-sunos4}).  In
-particular:
-
-In the top level directory, edit @file{config.sub} and add @var{xarch},
-@var{xvend}, and @var{xos} to the lists of supported architectures,
-vendors, and operating systems near the bottom of the file.  Also, add
-@var{xxx} as an alias that maps to
-@code{@var{xarch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}}.  You can test your changes by
-running
-
-@example
-./config.sub @var{xxx}
-@end example
-@noindent
-and
-@example
-./config.sub @code{@var{xarch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}}
-@end example
-@noindent
-which should both respond with @code{@var{xarch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}}
-and no error messages.
-
-Now, go to the @file{bfd} directory and 
-create a new file @file{bfd/hosts/h-@var{xxx}.h}.  Examine the
-other @file{h-*.h} files as templates, and create one that brings in the
-right include files for your system, and defines any host-specific
-macros needed by BFD, the Binutils, GNU LD, or the Opcodes directories.
-(They all share the bfd @file{hosts} directory and the @file{configure.host}
-file.)
-
-Then edit @file{bfd/configure.host}.  Add a line to recognize your
-@code{@var{xarch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}} configuration, and set
-@code{my_host} to @var{xxx} when you recognize it.  This will cause your
-file @file{h-@var{xxx}.h} to be linked to @file{sysdep.h} at configuration
-time.  When creating the line that recognizes your configuration,
-only match the fields that you really need to match; e.g. don't
-match the architecture or manufacturer if the OS is sufficient
-to distinguish the configuration that your @file{h-@var{xxx}.h} file supports.
-Don't match the manufacturer name unless you really need to.
-This should make future ports easier.
-
-Also, if this host requires any changes to the Makefile, create a file
-@file{bfd/config/@var{xxx}.mh}, which includes the required lines.
-
-It's possible that the @file{libiberty} and @file{readline} directories
-won't need any changes for your configuration, but if they do, you can
-change the @file{configure.in} file there to recognize your system and
-map to an @file{mh-@var{xxx}} file.  Then add @file{mh-@var{xxx}}
-to the @file{config/} subdirectory, to set any makefile variables you
-need.  The only current options in there are things like @samp{-DSYSV}.
-(This @file{mh-@var{xxx}} naming convention differs from elsewhere
-in GDB, by historical accident.  It should be cleaned up so that all
-such files are called @file{@var{xxx}.mh}.)
-
-Aha!  Now to configure GDB itself!  Edit
-@file{gdb/configure.in} to recognize your system and set @code{gdb_host}
-to @var{xxx}, and (unless your desired target is already available) also
-set @code{gdb_target} to something appropriate (for instance,
-@var{xxx}).  To handle new hosts, modify the segment after the comment
-@samp{# per-host}; to handle new targets, modify after @samp{#
-per-target}.
-@c Would it be simpler to just use different per-host and per-target
-@c *scripts*, and call them from {configure} ?
-
-Finally, you'll need to specify and define GDB's host-, native-, and
-target-dependent @file{.h} and @file{.c} files used for your
-configuration; the next two chapters discuss those.
-
-
-@node Host
-@chapter Adding a New Host
-
-Once you have specified a new configuration for your host
-(@pxref{Config,,Adding a New Configuration}), there are three remaining
-pieces to making GDB work on a new machine.  First, you have to make it
-host on the new machine (compile there, handle that machine's terminals
-properly, etc).  If you will be cross-debugging to some other kind of
-system that's already supported, you are done.
-
-If you want to use GDB to debug programs that run on the new machine,
-you have to get it to understand the machine's object files, symbol
-files, and interfaces to processes; @pxref{Target,,Adding a New Target}
-and @pxref{Native,,Adding a New Native Configuration}
-
-Several files control GDB's configuration for host systems:
-
-@table @file
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/@var{xxx}.mh
-Specifies Makefile fragments needed when hosting on machine @var{xxx}.
-In particular, this lists the required machine-dependent object files,
-by defining @samp{XDEPFILES=@dots{}}.  Also
-specifies the header file which describes host @var{xxx}, by defining
-@code{XM_FILE= xm-@var{xxx}.h}.  You can also define @code{CC},
-@code{REGEX} and @code{REGEX1}, @code{SYSV_DEFINE}, @code{XM_CFLAGS},
-@code{XM_ADD_FILES}, @code{XM_CLIBS}, @code{XM_CDEPS},
-etc.; see @file{Makefile.in}.
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/xm-@var{xxx}.h
-(@file{xm.h} is a link to this file, created by configure).
-Contains C macro definitions describing the host system environment,
-such as byte order, host C compiler and library, ptrace support,
-and core file structure.  Crib from existing @file{xm-*.h} files
-to create a new one.
-
-@item gdb/@var{xxx}-xdep.c
-Contains any miscellaneous C code required for this machine
-as a host.  On many machines it doesn't exist at all.  If it does
-exist, put @file{@var{xxx}-xdep.o} into the @code{XDEPFILES} line
-in @file{gdb/config/mh-@var{xxx}}.
-@end table
-
-@subheading Generic Host Support Files
-
-There are some ``generic'' versions of routines that can be used by
-various systems.  These can be customized in various ways by macros
-defined in your @file{xm-@var{xxx}.h} file.  If these routines work for
-the @var{xxx} host, you can just include the generic file's name (with
-@samp{.o}, not @samp{.c}) in @code{XDEPFILES}.  
-
-Otherwise, if your machine needs custom support routines, you will need
-to write routines that perform the same functions as the generic file.
-Put them into @code{@var{xxx}-xdep.c}, and put @code{@var{xxx}-xdep.o}
-into @code{XDEPFILES}.
-
-@table @file
-@item ser-bsd.c
-This contains serial line support for Berkeley-derived Unix systems.
-
-@item ser-go32.c
-This contains serial line support for 32-bit programs running under DOS
-using the GO32 execution environment.
-
-@item ser-termios.c
-This contains serial line support for System V-derived Unix systems.
-@end table
-
-Now, you are now ready to try configuring GDB to compile using your system
-as its host.  From the top level (above @file{bfd}, @file{gdb}, etc), do:
-
-@example
-./configure @var{xxx} --target=vxworks960
-@end example
-
-This will configure your system to cross-compile for VxWorks on
-the Intel 960, which is probably not what you really want, but it's
-a test case that works at this stage.  (You haven't set up to be
-able to debug programs that run @emph{on} @var{xxx} yet.)
-
-If this succeeds, you can try building it all with:
-
-@example
-make
-@end example
-
-Repeat until the program configures, compiles, links, and runs.
-When run, it won't be able to do much (unless you have a VxWorks/960
-board on your network) but you will know that the host support is
-pretty well done.
-
-Good luck!  Comments and suggestions about this section are particularly
-welcome; send them to @samp{bug-gdb@@prep.ai.mit.edu}.
-
-@node Native
-@chapter Adding a New Native Configuration
-
-If you are making GDB run native on the @var{xxx} machine, you have
-plenty more work to do.  Several files control GDB's configuration for
-native support:
-
-@table @file
-@item gdb/config/@var{xarch}/@var{xxx}.mh
-Specifies Makefile fragments needed when hosting @emph{or native}
-on machine @var{xxx}.
-In particular, this lists the required native-dependent object files,
-by defining @samp{NATDEPFILES=@dots{}}.  Also
-specifies the header file which describes native support on @var{xxx},
-by defining @samp{NAT_FILE= nm-@var{xxx}.h}.
-You can also define @samp{NAT_CFLAGS},
-@samp{NAT_ADD_FILES}, @samp{NAT_CLIBS}, @samp{NAT_CDEPS},
-etc.; see @file{Makefile.in}.
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/nm-@var{xxx}.h
-(@file{nm.h} is a link to this file, created by configure).
-Contains C macro definitions describing the native system environment,
-such as child process control and core file support.
-Crib from existing @file{nm-*.h} files to create a new one.
-
-@item gdb/@var{xxx}-nat.c
-Contains any miscellaneous C code required for this native support
-of this machine.  On some machines it doesn't exist at all.
-@end table
-
-@subheading Generic Native Support Files
-
-There are some ``generic'' versions of routines that can be used by
-various systems.  These can be customized in various ways by macros
-defined in your @file{nm-@var{xxx}.h} file.  If these routines work for
-the @var{xxx} host, you can just include the generic file's name (with
-@samp{.o}, not @samp{.c}) in @code{NATDEPFILES}.  
-
-Otherwise, if your machine needs custom support routines, you will need
-to write routines that perform the same functions as the generic file.
-Put them into @code{@var{xxx}-nat.c}, and put @code{@var{xxx}-nat.o}
-into @code{NATDEPFILES}.  
-
-@table @file
-
-@item inftarg.c
-This contains the @emph{target_ops vector} that supports Unix child
-processes on systems which use ptrace and wait to control the child.
-
-@item procfs.c
-This contains the @emph{target_ops vector} that supports Unix child
-processes on systems which use /proc to control the child.
-
-@item fork-child.c
-This does the low-level grunge that uses Unix system calls
-to do a "fork and exec" to start up a child process.
-
-@item infptrace.c
-This is the low level interface to inferior processes for systems
-using the Unix @code{ptrace} call in a vanilla way.
-
-@item coredep.c::fetch_core_registers()
-Support for reading registers out of a core file.  This routine calls
-@code{register_addr()}, see below.
-Now that BFD is used to read core files, virtually all machines should
-use @code{coredep.c}, and should just provide @code{fetch_core_registers} in
-@code{@var{xxx}-nat.c} (or @code{REGISTER_U_ADDR} in @code{nm-@var{xxx}.h}).
-
-@item coredep.c::register_addr()
-If your @code{nm-@var{xxx}.h} file defines the macro
-@code{REGISTER_U_ADDR(addr, blockend, regno)}, it should be defined to
-set @code{addr} to the offset within the @samp{user}
-struct of GDB register number @code{regno}.  @code{blockend} is the
-offset within the ``upage'' of @code{u.u_ar0}.
-If @code{REGISTER_U_ADDR} is defined,
-@file{coredep.c} will define the @code{register_addr()} function and use
-the macro in it.  If you do not define @code{REGISTER_U_ADDR}, but you
-are using the standard @code{fetch_core_registers()}, you will need to
-define your own version of @code{register_addr()}, put it into your
-@code{@var{xxx}-nat.c} file, and be sure @code{@var{xxx}-nat.o} is in
-the @code{NATDEPFILES} list.  If you have your own
-@code{fetch_core_registers()}, you may not need a separate
-@code{register_addr()}.  Many custom @code{fetch_core_registers()}
-implementations simply locate the registers themselves.@refill
-@end table
-
-When making GDB run native on a new operating system,
-to make it possible to debug
-core files, you will need to either write specific code for parsing your
-OS's core files, or customize @file{bfd/trad-core.c}.  First, use
-whatever @code{#include} files your machine uses to define the struct of
-registers that is accessible (possibly in the u-area) in a core file
-(rather than @file{machine/reg.h}), and an include file that defines whatever
-header exists on a core file (e.g. the u-area or a @samp{struct core}).  Then
-modify @code{trad_unix_core_file_p()} to use these values to set up the
-section information for the data segment, stack segment, any other
-segments in the core file (perhaps shared library contents or control
-information), ``registers'' segment, and if there are two discontiguous
-sets of registers (e.g.  integer and float), the ``reg2'' segment.  This
-section information basically delimits areas in the core file in a
-standard way, which the section-reading routines in BFD know how to seek
-around in.
-
-Then back in GDB, you need a matching routine called
-@code{fetch_core_registers()}.  If you can use the generic one, it's in
-@file{coredep.c}; if not, it's in your @file{@var{xxx}-nat.c} file.
-It will be passed a char pointer to the entire ``registers'' segment,
-its length, and a zero; or a char pointer to the entire ``regs2''
-segment, its length, and a 2.  The routine should suck out the supplied
-register values and install them into GDB's ``registers'' array.
-(@xref{New Architectures,,Defining a New Host or Target Architecture},
-for more info about this.)
-
-If your system uses @file{/proc} to control processes, and uses ELF
-format core files, then you may be able to use the same routines
-for reading the registers out of processes and out of core files.
-
-@node Target
-@chapter Adding a New Target
-
-For a new target called @var{ttt}, first specify the configuration as
-described in @ref{Config,,Adding a New Configuration}.  If your new
-target is the same as your new host, you've probably already done that.
-
-A variety of files specify attributes of the GDB target environment:
-
-@table @file
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/@var{ttt}.mt
-Contains a Makefile fragment specific to this target.
-Specifies what object files are needed for target @var{ttt}, by
-defining @samp{TDEPFILES=@dots{}}.
-Also specifies the header file which describes @var{ttt}, by defining
-@samp{TM_FILE= tm-@var{ttt}.h}.  You can also define @samp{TM_CFLAGS},
-@samp{TM_CLIBS}, @samp{TM_CDEPS},
-and other Makefile variables here; see @file{Makefile.in}.
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/tm-@var{ttt}.h
-(@file{tm.h} is a link to this file, created by configure).
-Contains macro definitions about the target machine's
-registers, stack frame format and instructions.
-Crib from existing @file{tm-*.h} files when building a new one.
-
-@item gdb/@var{ttt}-tdep.c
-Contains any miscellaneous code required for this target machine.
-On some machines it doesn't exist at all.  Sometimes the macros
-in @file{tm-@var{ttt}.h} become very complicated, so they are
-implemented as functions here instead, and the macro is simply
-defined to call the function.
-
-@item gdb/exec.c 
-Defines functions for accessing files that are
-executable on the target system.  These functions open and examine an
-exec file, extract data from one, write data to one, print information
-about one, etc.  Now that executable files are handled with BFD, every
-target should be able to use the generic exec.c rather than its
-own custom code.
-
-@item gdb/@var{arch}-pinsn.c
-Prints (disassembles) the target machine's instructions.
-This file is usually shared with other target machines which use the
-same processor, which is why it is @file{@var{arch}-pinsn.c} rather
-than @file{@var{ttt}-pinsn.c}.
-
-@item gdb/@var{arch}-opcode.h
-Contains some large initialized
-data structures describing the target machine's instructions.
-This is a bit strange for a @file{.h} file, but it's OK since
-it is only included in one place.  @file{@var{arch}-opcode.h} is shared
-between the debugger and the assembler, if the GNU assembler has been
-ported to the target machine.
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/tm-@var{arch}.h
-This often exists to describe the basic layout of the target machine's
-processor chip (registers, stack, etc).
-If used, it is included by @file{tm-@var{xxx}.h}.  It can
-be shared among many targets that use the same processor.
-
-@item gdb/@var{arch}-tdep.c
-Similarly, there are often common subroutines that are shared by all
-target machines that use this particular architecture.
-@end table
-
-When adding support for a new target machine, there are various areas
-of support that might need change, or might be OK.
-
-If you are using an existing object file format (a.out or COFF), 
-there is probably little to be done.  See @file{bfd/doc/bfd.texinfo}
-for more information on writing new a.out or COFF versions.
-
-If you need to add a new object file format, you must first add it to
-BFD.  This is beyond the scope of this document right now.  Basically
-you must build a transfer vector (of type @code{bfd_target}), which will
-mean writing all the required routines, and add it to the list in
-@file{bfd/targets.c}.
-
-You must then arrange for the BFD code to provide access to the
-debugging symbols.  Generally GDB will have to call swapping routines
-from BFD and a few other BFD internal routines to locate the debugging
-information.  As much as possible, GDB should not depend on the BFD
-internal data structures.
-
-For some targets (e.g., COFF), there is a special transfer vector used
-to call swapping routines, since the external data structures on various
-platforms have different sizes and layouts.  Specialized routines that
-will only ever be implemented by one object file format may be called
-directly.  This interface should be described in a file
-@file{bfd/libxxx.h}, which is included by GDB.
-
-If you are adding a new operating system for an existing CPU chip, add a
-@file{tm-@var{xos}.h} file that describes the operating system
-facilities that are unusual (extra symbol table info; the breakpoint
-instruction needed; etc).  Then write a
-@file{tm-@var{xarch}-@var{xos}.h} that just @code{#include}s
-@file{tm-@var{xarch}.h} and @file{tm-@var{xos}.h}.  (Now that we have
-three-part configuration names, this will probably get revised to
-separate the @var{xos} configuration from the @var{xarch}
-configuration.)
-
-
-@node Languages
-@chapter Adding a Source Language to GDB
-
-To add other languages to GDB's expression parser, follow the following steps:
-
-@table @emph
-@item Create the expression parser.
-
-This should reside in a file @file{@var{lang}-exp.y}.  Routines for building
-parsed expressions into a @samp{union exp_element} list are in @file{parse.c}.
-
-Since we can't depend upon everyone having Bison, and YACC produces
-parsers that define a bunch of global names, the following lines
-@emph{must} be included at the top of the YACC parser, to prevent
-the various parsers from defining the same global names:
-
-@example
-#define yyparse 	@var{lang}_parse
-#define yylex 	@var{lang}_lex
-#define yyerror 	@var{lang}_error
-#define yylval 	@var{lang}_lval
-#define yychar 	@var{lang}_char
-#define yydebug 	@var{lang}_debug
-#define yypact  	@var{lang}_pact 
-#define yyr1		@var{lang}_r1   
-#define yyr2		@var{lang}_r2   
-#define yydef		@var{lang}_def  
-#define yychk		@var{lang}_chk  
-#define yypgo		@var{lang}_pgo  
-#define yyact  	@var{lang}_act  
-#define yyexca  	@var{lang}_exca
-#define yyerrflag  	@var{lang}_errflag
-#define yynerrs  	@var{lang}_nerrs
-@end example
-
-At the bottom of your parser, define a @code{struct language_defn} and
-initialize it with the right values for your language.  Define an
-@code{initialize_@var{lang}} routine and have it call
-@samp{add_language(@var{lang}_language_defn)} to tell the rest of GDB
-that your language exists.  You'll need some other supporting variables
-and functions, which will be used via pointers from your
-@code{@var{lang}_language_defn}.  See the declaration of @code{struct
-language_defn} in @file{language.h}, and the other @file{*-exp.y} files,
-for more information.
-
-@item Add any evaluation routines, if necessary
-
-If you need new opcodes (that represent the operations of the language),
-add them to the enumerated type in @file{expression.h}.  Add support
-code for these operations in @code{eval.c:evaluate_subexp()}.  Add cases
-for new opcodes in two functions from @file{parse.c}:
-@code{prefixify_subexp()} and @code{length_of_subexp()}.  These compute
-the number of @code{exp_element}s that a given operation takes up.
-
-@item Update some existing code
-
-Add an enumerated identifier for your language to the enumerated type
-@code{enum language} in @file{defs.h}.
-
-Update the routines in @file{language.c} so your language is included.  These
-routines include type predicates and such, which (in some cases) are
-language dependent.  If your language does not appear in the switch
-statement, an error is reported.
-
-Also included in @file{language.c} is the code that updates the variable
-@code{current_language}, and the routines that translate the
-@code{language_@var{lang}} enumerated identifier into a printable
-string.
-
-Update the function @code{_initialize_language} to include your language.  This
-function picks the default language upon startup, so is dependent upon
-which languages that GDB is built for.
-
-Update @code{allocate_symtab} in @file{symfile.c} and/or symbol-reading
-code so that the language of each symtab (source file) is set properly.
-This is used to determine the language to use at each stack frame level.
-Currently, the language is set based upon the extension of the source
-file.  If the language can be better inferred from the symbol
-information, please set the language of the symtab in the symbol-reading
-code.
-
-Add helper code to @code{expprint.c:print_subexp()} to handle any new
-expression opcodes you have added to @file{expression.h}.  Also, add the
-printed representations of your operators to @code{op_print_tab}.
-
-@item Add a place of call
-
-Add a call to @code{@var{lang}_parse()} and @code{@var{lang}_error} in
-@code{parse.c:parse_exp_1()}.
-
-@item Use macros to trim code
-
-The user has the option of building GDB for some or all of the
-languages.  If the user decides to build GDB for the language
-@var{lang}, then every file dependent on @file{language.h} will have the
-macro @code{_LANG_@var{lang}} defined in it.  Use @code{#ifdef}s to
-leave out large routines that the user won't need if he or she is not
-using your language.
-
-Note that you do not need to do this in your YACC parser, since if GDB
-is not build for @var{lang}, then @file{@var{lang}-exp.tab.o} (the
-compiled form of your parser) is not linked into GDB at all.
-
-See the file @file{configure.in} for how GDB is configured for different
-languages.
-
-@item Edit @file{Makefile.in}
-
-Add dependencies in @file{Makefile.in}.  Make sure you update the macro
-variables such as @code{HFILES} and @code{OBJS}, otherwise your code may
-not get linked in, or, worse yet, it may not get @code{tar}red into the
-distribution!
-@end table
-
-
-@node Releases
-@chapter Configuring GDB for Release
-
-From the top level directory (containing @file{gdb}, @file{bfd},
-@file{libiberty}, and so on):
-@example
-make -f Makefile.in gdb.tar.Z
-@end example
-
-This will properly configure, clean, rebuild any files that are
-distributed pre-built (e.g. @file{c-exp.tab.c} or @file{refcard.ps}),
-and will then make a tarfile.  (If the top level directory has already
-beenn configured, you can just do @code{make gdb.tar.Z} instead.)
-
-This procedure requires:
-@itemize @bullet
-@item symbolic links
-@item @code{makeinfo} (texinfo2 level)
-@item @TeX{}
-@item @code{dvips}
-@item @code{yacc} or @code{bison}
-@end itemize
-@noindent
-@dots{} and the usual slew of utilities (@code{sed}, @code{tar}, etc.).
-
-@subheading TEMPORARY RELEASE PROCEDURE FOR DOCUMENTATION
-
-@file{gdb.texinfo} is currently marked up using the texinfo-2 macros,
-which are not yet a default for anything (but we have to start using
-them sometime).  
-
-For making paper, the only thing this implies is the right generation of
-@file{texinfo.tex} needs to be included in the distribution.
-
-For making info files, however, rather than duplicating the texinfo2
-distribution, generate @file{gdb-all.texinfo} locally, and include the files
-@file{gdb.info*} in the distribution.  Note the plural; @code{makeinfo} will
-split the document into one overall file and five or so included files.
-
-
-@node Partial Symbol Tables
-@chapter Partial Symbol Tables
-
-GDB has three types of symbol tables.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item	full symbol tables (symtabs).  These contain the main
-information about symbols and addresses.
-@item	partial symbol tables (psymtabs).  These contain enough
-information to know when to read the corresponding
-part of the full symbol table.
-@item	minimal symbol tables (msymtabs).  These contain information
-gleaned from non-debugging symbols.
-@end itemize
-
-This section describes partial symbol tables.
-
-A psymtab is constructed by doing a very quick pass over an executable
-file's debugging information.  Small amounts of information are
-extracted -- enough to identify which parts of the symbol table will
-need to be re-read and fully digested later, when the user needs the
-information.  The speed of this pass causes GDB to start up very
-quickly.  Later, as the detailed rereading occurs, it occurs in small
-pieces, at various times, and the delay therefrom is mostly invisible to
-the user.  (@xref{Symbol Reading}.)
-
-The symbols that show up in a file's psymtab should be, roughly, those
-visible to the debugger's user when the program is not running code from
-that file.  These include external symbols and types, static
-symbols and types, and enum values declared at file scope.
-
-The psymtab also contains the range of instruction addresses that the
-full symbol table would represent.
-
-The idea is that there are only two ways for the user (or much of
-the code in the debugger) to reference a symbol:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item by its address
-(e.g. execution stops at some address which is inside a function
-in this file).  The address will be noticed to be in the
-range of this psymtab, and the full symtab will be read in.
-@code{find_pc_function}, @code{find_pc_line}, and other @code{find_pc_@dots{}}
-functions handle this.
-
-@item by its name
-(e.g. the user asks to print a variable, or set a breakpoint on a
-function).  Global names and file-scope names will be found in the
-psymtab, which will cause the symtab to be pulled in.  Local names will
-have to be qualified by a global name, or a file-scope name, in which
-case we will have already read in the symtab as we evaluated the
-qualifier.  Or, a local symbol can be referenced when
-we are "in" a local scope, in which case the first case applies.
-@code{lookup_symbol} does most of the work here.
-
-@end itemize
-
-The only reason that psymtabs exist is to cause a symtab to be read in
-at the right moment.  Any symbol that can be elided from a psymtab,
-while still causing that to happen, should not appear in it.  Since
-psymtabs don't have the idea of scope, you can't put local symbols in
-them anyway.  Psymtabs don't have the idea of the type of a symbol,
-either, so types need not appear, unless they will be referenced by
-name.
-
-It is a bug for GDB to behave one way when only a psymtab has been read,
-and another way if the corresponding symtab has been read in.  Such
-bugs are typically caused by a psymtab that does not contain all the
-visible symbols, or which has the wrong instruction address ranges.
-
-The psymtab for a particular section of a symbol-file (objfile)
-could be thrown away after the symtab has been read in.  The symtab
-should always be searched before the psymtab, so the psymtab will
-never be used (in a bug-free environment).  Currently,
-psymtabs are allocated on an obstack, and all the psymbols themselves
-are allocated in a pair of large arrays on an obstack, so there is
-little to be gained by trying to free them unless you want to do a lot
-more work.
-
-@node Types
-@chapter Types
-
-Fundamental Types (e.g., FT_VOID, FT_BOOLEAN).
-
-These are the fundamental types that GDB uses internally.  Fundamental
-types from the various debugging formats (stabs, ELF, etc) are mapped into
-one of these.  They are basically a union of all fundamental types that
-gdb knows about for all the languages that GDB knows about.
-
-Type Codes (e.g., TYPE_CODE_PTR, TYPE_CODE_ARRAY).
-
-Each time GDB builds an internal type, it marks it with one of these
-types.  The type may be a fundamental type, such as TYPE_CODE_INT, or
-a derived type, such as TYPE_CODE_PTR which is a pointer to another
-type.  Typically, several FT_* types map to one TYPE_CODE_* type, and
-are distinguished by other members of the type struct, such as whether
-the type is signed or unsigned, and how many bits it uses.
-
-Builtin Types (e.g., builtin_type_void, builtin_type_char).
-
-These are instances of type structs that roughly correspond to fundamental
-types and are created as global types for GDB to use for various ugly
-historical reasons.  We eventually want to eliminate these.  Note for
-example that builtin_type_int initialized in gdbtypes.c is basically the
-same as a TYPE_CODE_INT type that is initialized in c-lang.c for an
-FT_INTEGER fundamental type.  The difference is that the builtin_type is
-not associated with any particular objfile, and only one instance exists,
-while c-lang.c builds as many TYPE_CODE_INT types as needed, with each
-one associated with some particular objfile.
-
-@node BFD support for GDB
-@chapter Binary File Descriptor Library Support for GDB
-
-BFD provides support for GDB in several ways:
-
-@table @emph
-@item	identifying executable and core files
-BFD will identify a variety of file types, including a.out, coff, and
-several variants thereof, as well as several kinds of core files.
-
-@item	access to sections of files
-BFD parses the file headers to determine the names, virtual addresses,
-sizes, and file locations of all the various named sections in files
-(such as the text section or the data section).  GDB simply calls
-BFD to read or write section X at byte offset Y for length Z.
-
-@item	specialized core file support
-BFD provides routines to determine the failing command name stored
-in a core file, the signal with which the program failed, and whether
-a core file matches (i.e. could be a core dump of) a particular executable
-file.
-
-@item	locating the symbol information
-GDB uses an internal interface of BFD to determine where to find the
-symbol information in an executable file or symbol-file.  GDB itself
-handles the reading of symbols, since BFD does not ``understand'' debug
-symbols, but GDB uses BFD's cached information to find the symbols,
-string table, etc.
-@end table
-
-@c The interface for symbol reading is described in @ref{Symbol
-@c Reading,,Symbol Reading}.
-
-
-@node Symbol Reading
-@chapter Symbol Reading
-
-GDB reads symbols from "symbol files".  The usual symbol file is the
-file containing the program which GDB is debugging.  GDB can be directed
-to use a different file for symbols (with the ``symbol-file''
-command), and it can also read more symbols via the ``add-file'' and ``load''
-commands, or while reading symbols from shared libraries.
-
-Symbol files are initially opened by @file{symfile.c} using the BFD
-library.  BFD identifies the type of the file by examining its header.
-@code{symfile_init} then uses this identification to locate a
-set of symbol-reading functions.
-
-Symbol reading modules identify themselves to GDB by calling
-@code{add_symtab_fns} during their module initialization.  The argument
-to @code{add_symtab_fns} is a @code{struct sym_fns} which contains
-the name (or name prefix) of the symbol format, the length of the prefix,
-and pointers to four functions.  These functions are called at various
-times to process symbol-files whose identification matches the specified
-prefix.
-
-The functions supplied by each module are:
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{xxx}_symfile_init(struct sym_fns *sf)
-
-Called from @code{symbol_file_add} when we are about to read a new
-symbol file.  This function should clean up any internal state
-(possibly resulting from half-read previous files, for example)
-and prepare to read a new symbol file. Note that the symbol file
-which we are reading might be a new "main" symbol file, or might
-be a secondary symbol file whose symbols are being added to the
-existing symbol table.
-
-The argument to @code{@var{xxx}_symfile_init} is a newly allocated
-@code{struct sym_fns} whose @code{bfd} field contains the BFD
-for the new symbol file being read.  Its @code{private} field
-has been zeroed, and can be modified as desired.  Typically,
-a struct of private information will be @code{malloc}'d, and
-a pointer to it will be placed in the @code{private} field.
-
-There is no result from @code{@var{xxx}_symfile_init}, but it can call
-@code{error} if it detects an unavoidable problem.
-
-@item @var{xxx}_new_init()
-
-Called from @code{symbol_file_add} when discarding existing symbols.
-This function need only handle 
-the symbol-reading module's internal state; the symbol table data
-structures visible to the rest of GDB will be discarded by
-@code{symbol_file_add}.  It has no arguments and no result.
-It may be called after @code{@var{xxx}_symfile_init}, if a new symbol
-table is being read, or may be called alone if all symbols are
-simply being discarded.
-
-@item @var{xxx}_symfile_read(struct sym_fns *sf, CORE_ADDR addr, int mainline)
-
-Called from @code{symbol_file_add} to actually read the symbols from a
-symbol-file into a set of psymtabs or symtabs.
-
-@code{sf} points to the struct sym_fns originally passed to
-@code{@var{xxx}_sym_init} for possible initialization.  @code{addr} is the
-offset between the file's specified start address and its true address
-in memory.  @code{mainline} is 1 if this is the main symbol table being
-read, and 0 if a secondary symbol file (e.g. shared library or
-dynamically loaded file) is being read.@refill
-@end table
-
-In addition, if a symbol-reading module creates psymtabs when
-@var{xxx}_symfile_read is called, these psymtabs will contain a pointer to
-a function @code{@var{xxx}_psymtab_to_symtab}, which can be called from
-any point in the GDB symbol-handling code.
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{xxx}_psymtab_to_symtab (struct partial_symtab *pst)
-
-Called from @code{psymtab_to_symtab} (or the PSYMTAB_TO_SYMTAB
-macro) if the psymtab has not already been read in and had its
-@code{pst->symtab} pointer set.  The argument is the psymtab
-to be fleshed-out into a symtab.  Upon return, pst->readin
-should have been set to 1, and pst->symtab should contain a
-pointer to the new corresponding symtab, or zero if there
-were no symbols in that part of the symbol file.
-@end table
-
-
-@node Cleanups
-@chapter Cleanups
-
-Cleanups are a structured way to deal with things that need to be done
-later.  When your code does something (like @code{malloc} some memory, or open
-a file) that needs to be undone later (e.g. free the memory or close
-the file), it can make a cleanup.  The cleanup will be done at some
-future point:  when the command is finished, when an error occurs, or
-when your code decides it's time to do cleanups.
-
-You can also discard cleanups, that is, throw them away without doing
-what they say.  This is only done if you ask that it be done.
-
-Syntax:
-
-@table @code
-@item struct cleanup *@var{old_chain};
-Declare a variable which will hold a cleanup chain handle.
-
-@item @var{old_chain} = make_cleanup (@var{function}, @var{arg});
-Make a cleanup which will cause @var{function} to be called with @var{arg}
-(a @code{char *}) later.  The result, @var{old_chain}, is a handle that can be
-passed to @code{do_cleanups} or @code{discard_cleanups} later.  Unless you are
-going to call @code{do_cleanups} or @code{discard_cleanups} yourself,
-you can ignore the result from @code{make_cleanup}.
-
-
-@item do_cleanups (@var{old_chain});
-Perform all cleanups done since @code{make_cleanup} returned @var{old_chain}.
-E.g.:   
-@example
-make_cleanup (a, 0); 
-old = make_cleanup (b, 0); 
-do_cleanups (old);
-@end example
-@noindent
-will call @code{b()} but will not call @code{a()}.  The cleanup that calls @code{a()} will remain
-in the cleanup chain, and will be done later unless otherwise discarded.@refill
-
-@item discard_cleanups (@var{old_chain});
-Same as @code{do_cleanups} except that it just removes the cleanups from the
-chain and does not call the specified functions.
-
-@end table
-
-Some functions, e.g. @code{fputs_filtered()} or @code{error()}, specify that they
-``should not be called when cleanups are not in place''.  This means
-that any actions you need to reverse in the case of an error or
-interruption must be on the cleanup chain before you call these functions,
-since they might never return to your code (they @samp{longjmp} instead).
-
-
-@node Wrapping
-@chapter Wrapping Output Lines
-
-Output that goes through @code{printf_filtered} or @code{fputs_filtered} or
-@code{fputs_demangled} needs only to have calls to @code{wrap_here} added 
-in places that would be good breaking points.  The utility routines
-will take care of actually wrapping if the line width is exceeded.
-
-The argument to @code{wrap_here} is an indentation string which is printed
-@emph{only} if the line breaks there.  This argument is saved away and used
-later.  It must remain valid until the next call to @code{wrap_here} or
-until a newline has been printed through the @code{*_filtered} functions.
-Don't pass in a local variable and then return!
-
-It is usually best to call @code{wrap_here()} after printing a comma or space.
-If you call it before printing a space, make sure that your indentation
-properly accounts for the leading space that will print if the line wraps
-there.
-
-Any function or set of functions that produce filtered output must finish
-by printing a newline, to flush the wrap buffer, before switching to
-unfiltered (``@code{printf}'') output.  Symbol reading routines that print
-warnings are a good example.
-
-
-@node Frames
-@chapter Frames
-
-A frame is a construct that GDB uses to keep track of calling and called
-functions.
-
-@table @code
-@item FRAME_FP
-in the machine description has no meaning to the machine-independent
-part of GDB, except that it is used when setting up a new frame from
-scratch, as follows:
-
-@example
-      create_new_frame (read_register (FP_REGNUM), read_pc ()));
-@end example
-
-Other than that, all the meaning imparted to @code{FP_REGNUM} is imparted by
-the machine-dependent code.  So, @code{FP_REGNUM} can have any value that
-is convenient for the code that creates new frames.  (@code{create_new_frame}
-calls @code{INIT_EXTRA_FRAME_INFO} if it is defined; that is where you should
-use the @code{FP_REGNUM} value, if your frames are nonstandard.)
-
-@item FRAME_CHAIN
-Given a GDB frame, determine the address of the calling function's
-frame.  This will be used to create a new GDB frame struct, and then
-@code{INIT_EXTRA_FRAME_INFO} and @code{INIT_FRAME_PC} will be called for
-the new frame.
-@end table
-
-@node Remote Stubs
-@chapter Remote Stubs
-
-GDB's file @file{remote.c} talks a serial protocol to code that runs
-in the target system.  GDB provides several sample ``stubs'' that can
-be integrated into target programs or operating systems for this purpose;
-they are named @file{*-stub.c}.
-
-The GDB user's manual describes how to put such a stub into your target
-code.  What follows is a discussion of integrating the SPARC stub
-into a complicated operating system (rather than a simple program),
-by Stu Grossman, the author of this stub.
-
-The trap handling code in the stub assumes the following upon entry to
-trap_low:
-
-@enumerate
-@item %l1 and %l2 contain pc and npc respectively at the time of the trap
-@item traps are disabled
-@item you are in the correct trap window
-@end enumerate
-
-As long as your trap handler can guarantee those conditions, then there is no
-reason why you shouldn't be able to `share' traps with the stub.  The stub has
-no requirement that it be jumped to directly from the hardware trap vector.
-That is why it calls @code{exceptionHandler()}, which is provided by the external
-environment.  For instance, this could setup the hardware traps to actually
-execute code which calls the stub first, and then transfers to its own trap
-handler.
-
-For the most point, there probably won't be much of an issue with `sharing'
-traps, as the traps we use are usually not used by the kernel, and often
-indicate unrecoverable error conditions.  Anyway, this is all controlled by a
-table, and is trivial to modify.
-The most important trap for us is for @code{ta 1}.  Without that, we
-can't single step or do breakpoints.  Everything else is unnecessary
-for the proper operation of the debugger/stub.
-
-From reading the stub, it's probably not obvious how breakpoints work.  They
-are simply done by deposit/examine operations from GDB.
-
-@node Longjmp Support
-@chapter Longjmp Support
-
-GDB has support for figuring out that the target is doing a
-@code{longjmp} and for stopping at the target of the jump, if we are
-stepping.  This is done with a few specialized internal breakpoints,
-which are visible in the @code{maint info breakpoint} command.
-
-To make this work, you need to define a macro called
-@code{GET_LONGJMP_TARGET}, which will examine the @code{jmp_buf}
-structure and extract the longjmp target address.  Since @code{jmp_buf}
-is target specific, you will need to define it in the appropriate
-@file{tm-xxx.h} file.  Look in @file{tm-sun4os4.h} and
-@file{sparc-tdep.c} for examples of how to do this.
-
-@node Coding Style
-@chapter Coding Style
-
-GDB is generally written using the GNU coding standards, as described in
-@file{standards.texi}, which is available for anonymous FTP from GNU
-archive sites.  There are some additional considerations for GDB
-maintainers that reflect the unique environment and style of GDB
-maintenance.  If you follow these guidelines, GDB will be more
-consistent and easier to maintain.
-
-GDB's policy on the use of prototypes is that prototypes are used
-to @emph{declare} functions but never to @emph{define} them.  Simple
-macros are used in the declarations, so that a non-ANSI compiler can
-compile GDB without trouble.  The simple macro calls are used like
-this:
-
-@example @code
-extern int
-memory_remove_breakpoint PARAMS ((CORE_ADDR, char *));
-@end example
-
-Note the double parentheses around the parameter types.  This allows
-an arbitrary number of parameters to be described, without freaking
-out the C preprocessor.  When the function has no parameters, it
-should be described like:
-
-@example @code
-void
-noprocess PARAMS ((void));
-@end example
-
-The @code{PARAMS} macro expands to its argument in ANSI C, or to a simple
-@code{()} in traditional C.
-
-All external functions should have a @code{PARAMS} declaration in a
-header file that callers include.  All static functions should have such
-a declaration near the top of their source file.
-
-We don't have a gcc option that will properly check that these rules
-have been followed, but it's GDB policy, and we periodically check it
-using the tools available (plus manual labor), and clean up any remnants.
-
-@node Clean Design
-@chapter Clean Design
-
-In addition to getting the syntax right, there's the little question of
-semantics.  Some things are done in certain ways in GDB because long
-experience has shown that the more obvious ways caused various kinds of
-trouble.  In particular:
-
-@table @bullet
-@item
-You can't assume the byte order of anything that comes from a
-target (including @var{value}s, object files, and instructions).  Such
-things must be byte-swapped using @code{SWAP_TARGET_AND_HOST} in GDB,
-or one of the swap routines defined in @file{bfd.h}, such as @code{bfd_get_32}.
-
-@item
-You can't assume that you know what interface is being used to talk to
-the target system.  All references to the target must go through the
-current @code{target_ops} vector.
-
-@item
-You can't assume that the host and target machines are the same machine
-(except in the ``native'' support modules).
-In particular, you can't assume that the target machine's header files
-will be available on the host machine.  Target code must bring along its
-own header files -- written from scratch or explicitly donated by their
-owner, to avoid copyright problems.
-
-@item
-Insertion of new @code{#ifdef}'s will be frowned upon.  It's much better
-to write the code portably than to conditionalize it for various systems.
-
-@item
-New @code{#ifdef}'s which test for specific compilers or manufacturers
-or operating systems are unacceptable.  All @code{#ifdef}'s should test
-for features.  The information about which configurations contain which
-features should be segregated into the configuration files.  Experience
-has proven far too often that a feature unique to one particular system
-often creeps into other systems; and that a conditional based on 
-some predefined macro for your current system will become worthless
-over time, as new versions of your system come out that behave differently
-with regard to this feature.
-
-@item
-Adding code that handles specific architectures, operating systems, target
-interfaces, or hosts, is not acceptable in generic code.  If a hook
-is needed at that point, invent a generic hook and define it for your
-configuration, with something like:
-
-@example
-#ifdef	WRANGLE_SIGNALS
-   WRANGLE_SIGNALS (signo);
-#endif
-@end example
-
-In your host, target, or native configuration file, as appropriate, 
-define @code{WRANGLE_SIGNALS} to do the machine-dependent thing.  Take
-a bit of care in defining the hook, so that it can be used by other
-ports in the future, if they need a hook in the same place.
-
-If the hook is not defined, the code should do whatever "most" machines
-want.  Using @code{#ifdef}, as above, is the preferred way to do this,
-but sometimes that gets convoluted, in which case use
-
-@example
-#ifndef SPECIAL_FOO_HANDLING
-#define SPECIAL_FOO_HANDLING(pc, sp) (0)
-#endif
-@end example
-
-where the macro is used or in an appropriate header file.
-
-Whether to include a @dfn{small} hook, a hook around the exact pieces of
-code which are system-dependent, or whether to replace a whole function
-with a hook depends on the case.  A good example of this dilemma can be
-found in @code{get_saved_register}.  All machines that GDB 2.8 ran on
-just needed the @code{FRAME_FIND_SAVED_REGS} hook to find the saved
-registers.  Then the SPARC and Pyramid came along, and
-@code{HAVE_REGISTER_WINDOWS} and @code{REGISTER_IN_WINDOW_P} were
-introduced.  Then the 29k and 88k required the @code{GET_SAVED_REGISTER}
-hook.  The first three are examples of small hooks; the latter replaces
-a whole function.  In this specific case, it is useful to have both
-kinds; it would be a bad idea to replace all the uses of the small hooks
-with @code{GET_SAVED_REGISTER}, since that would result in much
-duplicated code.  Other times, duplicating a few lines of code here or
-there is much cleaner than introducing a large number of small hooks.
-
-Another way to generalize GDB along a particular interface is with an
-attribute struct.  For example, GDB has been generalized to handle
-multiple kinds of remote interfaces -- not by #ifdef's everywhere, but
-by defining the "target_ops" structure and having a current target (as
-well as a stack of targets below it, for memory references).  Whenever
-something needs to be done that depends on which remote interface we are
-using, a flag in the current target_ops structure is tested (e.g.
-`target_has_stack'), or a function is called through a pointer in the
-current target_ops structure.  In this way, when a new remote interface
-is added, only one module needs to be touched -- the one that actually
-implements the new remote interface.  Other examples of
-attribute-structs are BFD access to multiple kinds of object file
-formats, or GDB's access to multiple source languages.
-
-Please avoid duplicating code.  For example, in GDB 3.x all the code
-interfacing between @code{ptrace} and the rest of GDB was duplicated in
-@file{*-dep.c}, and so changing something was very painful.  In GDB 4.x,
-these have all been consolidated into @file{infptrace.c}.
-@file{infptrace.c} can deal with variations between systems the same way
-any system-independent file would (hooks, #if defined, etc.), and
-machines which are radically different don't need to use infptrace.c at
-all.
-
-@item
-@emph{Do} write code that doesn't depend on the sizes of C data types,
-the format of the host's floating point numbers, the alignment of anything,
-or the order of evaluation of expressions.  In short, follow good 
-programming practices for writing portable C code.
-
-@end table
-
-@node Submitting Patches
-@chapter Submitting Patches
-
-Thanks for thinking of offering your changes back to the community of
-GDB users.  In general we like to get well designed enhancements.
-Thanks also for checking in advance about the best way to transfer the
-changes.
-
-The two main problems with getting your patches in are,
-
-@table @bullet
-@item
-The GDB maintainers will only install ``cleanly designed'' patches.
-You may not always agree on what is clean design.
-@pxref{Coding Style}, @pxref{Clean Design}.
-
-@item
-If the maintainers don't have time to put the patch in when it
-arrives, or if there is any question about a patch, it
-goes into a large queue with everyone else's patches and
-bug reports.
-@end table
-
-I don't know how to get past these problems except by continuing to try.
-
-There are two issues here -- technical and legal.
-
-The legal issue is that to incorporate substantial changes requires a
-copyright assignment from you and/or your employer, granting ownership
-of the changes to the Free Software Foundation.  You can get the
-standard document for doing this by sending mail to
-@code{gnu@@prep.ai.mit.edu} and asking for it.  I recommend that people
-write in "All programs owned by the Free Software Foundation" as "NAME
-OF PROGRAM", so that changes in many programs (not just GDB, but GAS,
-Emacs, GCC, etc) can be contributed with only one piece of legalese
-pushed through the bureacracy and filed with the FSF.  I can't start
-merging changes until this paperwork is received by the FSF (their
-rules, which I follow since I maintain it for them).
-
-Technically, the easiest way to receive changes is to receive each
-feature as a small context diff or unidiff, suitable for "patch".
-Each message sent to me should include the changes to C code and
-header files for a single feature, plus ChangeLog entries for each
-directory where files were modified, and diffs for any changes needed
-to the manuals (gdb/doc/gdb.texi or gdb/doc/gdbint.texi).  If there
-are a lot of changes for a single feature, they can be split down
-into multiple messages.
-
-In this way, if I read and like the feature, I can add it to the
-sources with a single patch command, do some testing, and check it in.
-If you leave out the ChangeLog, I have to write one.  If you leave
-out the doc, I have to puzzle out what needs documenting.  Etc.
-
-The reason to send each change in a separate message is that I will
-not install some of the changes.  They'll be returned to you with
-questions or comments.  If I'm doing my job, my message back to you
-will say what you have to fix in order to make the change acceptable.
-The reason to have separate messages for separate features is so
-that other changes (which I @emph{am} willing to accept) can be installed
-while one or more changes are being reworked.  If multiple features
-are sent in a single message, I tend to not put in the effort to sort
-out the acceptable changes from the unacceptable, so none of the
-features get installed until all are acceptable.
-
-If this sounds painful or authoritarian, well, it is.  But I get a lot
-of bug reports and a lot of patches, and most of them don't get
-installed because I don't have the time to finish the job that the bug
-reporter or the contributor could have done.  Patches that arrive
-complete, working, and well designed, tend to get installed on the day
-they arrive.  The others go into a queue and get installed if and when
-I scan back over the queue -- which can literally take months
-sometimes.  It's in both our interests to make patch installation easy
--- you get your changes installed, and I make some forward progress on
-GDB in a normal 12-hour day (instead of them having to wait until I
-have a 14-hour or 16-hour day to spend cleaning up patches before I
-can install them).
-
-Please send patches to @code{bug-gdb@@prep.ai.mit.edu}, if they are less
-than about 25,000 characters.  If longer than that, either make them
-available somehow (e.g. anonymous FTP), and announce it on
-@code{bug-gdb}, or send them directly to the GDB maintainers at
-@code{gdb-patches@@cygnus.com}.
-
-@node Host Conditionals
-@chapter Host Conditionals
-
-When GDB is configured and compiled, various macros are defined or left
-undefined, to control compilation based on the attributes of the host
-system.  These macros and their meanings (or if the meaning is not
-documented here, then one of the source files where they are used is
-indicated) are:
-
-@emph{NOTE:  For now, both host and target conditionals are here.
-Eliminate target conditionals from this list as they are identified.}
-
-@table @code
-
-@item BLOCK_ADDRESS_FUNCTION_RELATIVE
-dbxread.c
-
-@item GDBINIT_FILENAME
-The default name of GDB's initialization file (normally @file{.gdbinit}).
-
-@item KERNELDEBUG
-tm-hppa.h
-
-@item MEM_FNS_DECLARED
-Your host config file defines this if it includes 
-declarations of @code{memcpy} and @code{memset}.  Define this
-to avoid conflicts between the native include
-files and the declarations in @file{defs.h}.
-
-@item NO_SYS_FILE
-dbxread.c
-@item PYRAMID_CONTROL_FRAME_DEBUGGING
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item SIGWINCH_HANDLER_BODY
-utils.c
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS
-main.c
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_CASES
-main.c
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_HANDLER
-main.c
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_HELP
-main.c
-@item ADDR_BITS_REMOVE
-defs.h
-@item AIX_BUGGY_PTRACE_CONTINUE
-infptrace.c
-@item ALIGN_STACK_ON_STARTUP
-main.c
-@item ALTOS
-altos-xdep.c
-@item ALTOS_AS
-xm-altos.h
-@item ASCII_COFF
-remote-adapt.c
-@item BCS
-tm-delta88.h
-@item BEFORE_MAIN_LOOP_HOOK
-main.c
-@item BELIEVE_PCC_PROMOTION
-coffread.c
-@item BELIEVE_PCC_PROMOTION_TYPE
-stabsread.c
-@item BITS_BIG_ENDIAN
-defs.h
-@item BKPT_AT_MAIN
-solib.c
-@item BLOCK_ADDRESS_ABSOLUTE
-dbxread.c
-@item BPT_VECTOR
-tm-m68k.h
-
-@item BROKEN_LARGE_ALLOCA
-Avoid large @code{alloca}'s.  For example, on sun's, Large alloca's fail
-because the attempt to increase the stack limit in main() fails because
-shared libraries are allocated just below the initial stack limit.  The
-SunOS kernel will not allow the stack to grow into the area occupied by
-the shared libraries.
-
-@item CALL_DUMMY
-valops.c
-@item CALL_DUMMY_LOCATION
-inferior.h
-@item CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST
-valops.c
-@item CFRONT_PRODUCER
-dwarfread.c
-@item CHILD_PREPARE_TO_STORE
-inftarg.c
-@item CLEAR_DEFERRED_STORES
-inflow.c
-@item CLEAR_SOLIB
-objfiles.c
-@item COFF_ENCAPSULATE
-hppabsd-tdep.c
-@item COFF_FORMAT
-symm-tdep.c
-@item CORE_NEEDS_RELOCATION
-stack.c
-@item CPLUS_MARKER
-cplus-dem.c
-@item C_ALLOCA
-regex.c
-@item C_GLBLREG
-coffread.c
-@item DBXREAD_ONLY
-partial-stab.h
-@item DBX_PARM_SYMBOL_CLASS
-stabsread.c
-@item DEBUG_INFO
-partial-stab.h
-@item DEBUG_PTRACE
-hppabsd-xdep.c
-@item DECR_PC_AFTER_BREAK
-breakpoint.c
-
-@item DEFAULT_PROMPT
-The default value of the prompt string (normally @code{"(gdb) "}).
-
-@item DELTA88
-m88k-xdep.c
-@item DEV_TTY
-symmisc.c
-@item DGUX
-m88k-xdep.c
-@item DISABLE_UNSETTABLE_BREAK
-breakpoint.c
-@item DONT_USE_REMOTE
-remote.c
-@item DO_DEFERRED_STORES
-infrun.c
-@item DO_REGISTERS_INFO
-infcmd.c
-@item EXTRACT_RETURN_VALUE
-tm-m68k.h
-@item EXTRACT_STRUCT_VALUE_ADDRESS
-values.c
-@item EXTRA_FRAME_INFO
-frame.h
-@item EXTRA_SYMTAB_INFO
-symtab.h
-@item FILES_INFO_HOOK
-target.c
-@item FLOAT_INFO
-infcmd.c
-@item FOPEN_RB
-defs.h
-@item FUNCTION_EPILOGUE_SIZE
-coffread.c
-@item F_OK
-xm-ultra3.h
-@item GCC2_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL
-dbxread.c
-@item GCC_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL
-dbxread.c
-@item GCC_MANGLE_BUG
-symtab.c
-@item GCC_PRODUCER
-dwarfread.c
-@item GET_SAVED_REGISTER
-findvar.c
-@item GPLUS_PRODUCER
-dwarfread.c
-@item HANDLE_RBRAC
-partial-stab.h
-
-@item HAVE_MMAP
-In some cases, use the system call @code{mmap} for reading symbol
-tables.  For some machines this allows for sharing and quick updates.
-
-@item HAVE_REGISTER_WINDOWS
-findvar.c
-@item HAVE_SIGSETMASK
-main.c
-@item HAVE_TERMIO
-inflow.c
-@item HEADER_SEEK_FD
-arm-tdep.c
-@item HOSTING_ONLY
-xm-rtbsd.h
-@item HOST_BYTE_ORDER
-findvar.c
-@item HPUX_ASM
-xm-hp300hpux.h
-@item HPUX_VERSION_5
-hp300ux-xdep.c
-@item HP_OS_BUG
-infrun.c
-@item I80960
-remote-vx.c
-@item IEEE_FLOAT
-valprint.c
-@item IGNORE_SYMBOL
-dbxread.c
-@item INIT_EXTRA_FRAME_INFO
-blockframe.c
-@item INIT_EXTRA_SYMTAB_INFO
-symfile.c
-@item INIT_FRAME_PC
-blockframe.c
-@item INNER_THAN
-valops.c
-@item INT_MAX
-defs.h
-@item INT_MIN
-defs.h
-@item IN_GDB
-i960-pinsn.c
-@item IN_SIGTRAMP
-infrun.c
-@item IN_SOLIB_TRAMPOLINE
-infrun.c
-@item ISATTY
-main.c
-@item IS_TRAPPED_INTERNALVAR
-values.c
-@item KERNELDEBUG
-dbxread.c
-@item KERNEL_DEBUGGING
-tm-ultra3.h
-
-@item KERNEL_U_ADDR
-Define this to the address of the @code{u} structure (the ``user struct'',
-also known as the ``u-page'') in kernel virtual memory.  GDB needs to know
-this so that it can subtract this address from absolute addresses in
-the upage, that are obtained via ptrace or from core files.  On systems
-that don't need this value, set it to zero.
-
-@item KERNEL_U_ADDR_BSD
-Define this to cause GDB to determine the address of @code{u} at runtime,
-by using Berkeley-style @code{nlist} on the kernel's image in the root
-directory.
-
-@item KERNEL_U_ADDR_HPUX
-Define this to cause GDB to determine the address of @code{u} at runtime,
-by using HP-style @code{nlist} on the kernel's image in the root
-directory.
-
-@item LCC_PRODUCER
-dwarfread.c
-@item LOG_FILE
-remote-adapt.c
-@item LONGERNAMES
-cplus-dem.c
-@item LONGEST
-defs.h
-@item CC_HAS_LONG_LONG
-defs.h
-@item PRINTF_HAS_LONG_LONG
-defs.h
-@item LONG_MAX
-defs.h
-@item LSEEK_NOT_LINEAR
-source.c
-@item L_LNNO32
-coffread.c
-
-@item L_SET
-This macro is used as the argument to lseek (or, most commonly, bfd_seek).
-FIXME, should be replaced by SEEK_SET instead, which is the POSIX equivalent.
-
-@item MACHKERNELDEBUG
-hppabsd-tdep.c
-@item MAINTENANCE
-dwarfread.c
-
-@item MAINTENANCE_CMDS
-If the value of this is 1, then a number of optional maintenance commands
-are compiled in.
-
-@item MALLOC_INCOMPATIBLE
-Define this if the system's prototype for @code{malloc} differs from the
-@sc{ANSI} definition.
-
-@item MIPSEL
-mips-tdep.c
-
-@item MMAP_BASE_ADDRESS
-When using HAVE_MMAP, the first mapping should go at this address.
-
-@item MMAP_INCREMENT
-when using HAVE_MMAP, this is the increment between mappings.
-
-@item MONO
-ser-go32.c
-@item MOTOROLA
-xm-altos.h
-@item NBPG
-altos-xdep.c
-@item NEED_POSIX_SETPGID
-infrun.c
-@item NEED_TEXT_START_END
-exec.c
-@item NFAILURES
-regex.c
-
-@item NORETURN
-(in defs.h - is this really useful to define/undefine?)
-
-@item NOTDEF
-regex.c
-@item NOTDEF
-remote-adapt.c
-@item NOTDEF
-remote-mm.c
-@item NOTICE_SIGNAL_HANDLING_CHANGE
-infrun.c
-@item NO_HIF_SUPPORT
-remote-mm.c
-@item NO_JOB_CONTROL
-signals.h
-
-@item NO_MMALLOC
-GDB will use the @code{mmalloc} library for memory allocation for symbol
-reading, unless this symbol is defined.  Define it on systems 
-on which @code{mmalloc} does not
-work for some reason.  One example is the DECstation, where its RPC
-library can't cope with our redefinition of @code{malloc} to call
-@code{mmalloc}.  When defining @code{NO_MMALLOC}, you will also have
-to override the setting of @code{MMALLOC_LIB} to empty, in the Makefile.
-Therefore, this define is usually set on the command line by overriding
-@code{MMALLOC_DISABLE} in @file{config/*/*.mh}, rather than by defining
-it in @file{xm-*.h}.
-
-@item NO_MMALLOC_CHECK
-Define this if you are using @code{mmalloc}, but don't want the overhead
-of checking the heap with @code{mmcheck}.
-
-@item NO_SIGINTERRUPT
-remote-adapt.c
-@item NO_SINGLE_STEP
-infptrace.c
-@item NS32K_SVC_IMMED_OPERANDS
-ns32k-opcode.h
-@item NUMERIC_REG_NAMES
-mips-tdep.c
-@item N_SETV
-dbxread.c
-@item N_SET_MAGIC
-hppabsd-tdep.c
-@item NaN
-tm-umax.h
-@item ONE_PROCESS_WRITETEXT
-breakpoint.c
-@item O_BINARY
-exec.c
-@item O_RDONLY
-xm-ultra3.h
-@item PC
-convx-opcode.h
-@item PCC_SOL_BROKEN
-dbxread.c
-@item PC_IN_CALL_DUMMY
-inferior.h
-@item PC_LOAD_SEGMENT
-stack.c
-@item PRINT_RANDOM_SIGNAL
-infcmd.c
-@item PRINT_REGISTER_HOOK
-infcmd.c
-@item PRINT_TYPELESS_INTEGER
-valprint.c
-@item PROCESS_LINENUMBER_HOOK
-buildsym.c
-@item PROLOGUE_FIRSTLINE_OVERLAP
-infrun.c
-@item PSIGNAL_IN_SIGNAL_H
-defs.h
-@item PUSH_ARGUMENTS
-valops.c
-@item PYRAMID_CONTROL_FRAME_DEBUGGING
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item PYRAMID_CORE
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item PYRAMID_PTRACE
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item REGISTER_BYTES
-remote.c
-@item REGISTER_NAMES
-tm-a29k.h
-@item REG_STACK_SEGMENT
-exec.c
-@item REG_STRUCT_HAS_ADDR
-findvar.c
-@item RE_NREGS
-regex.h
-@item R_FP
-dwarfread.c
-@item R_OK
-xm-altos.h
-@item SEEK_END
-state.c
-@item SEEK_SET
-state.c
-@item SEM
-coffread.c
-
-@item SET_STACK_LIMIT_HUGE
-When defined, stack limits will be raised to their maximum.  Use this
-if your host supports @code{setrlimit} and you have trouble with
-@code{stringtab} in @file{dbxread.c}.
-
-Also used in @file{fork-child.c} to return stack limits before child
-processes are forked.
-
-@item SHELL_COMMAND_CONCAT
-infrun.c
-@item SHELL_FILE
-infrun.c
-@item SHIFT_INST_REGS
-breakpoint.c
-@item SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR
-regex.c
-@item SIGTRAP_STOP_AFTER_LOAD
-infrun.c
-@item SKIP_TRAMPOLINE_CODE
-infrun.c
-@item SOLIB_ADD
-core.c
-@item STACK_ALIGN
-valops.c
-@item START_INFERIOR_TRAPS_EXPECTED
-infrun.c
-@item STOP_SIGNAL
-main.c
-@item SUN4_COMPILER_FEATURE
-infrun.c
-@item SUN_FIXED_LBRAC_BUG
-dbxread.c
-@item SVR4_SHARED_LIBS
-solib.c
-@item SWITCH_ENUM_BUG
-regex.c
-@item SYM1
-tm-ultra3.h
-@item SYMBOL_RELOADING_DEFAULT
-symfile.c
-@item SYNTAX_TABLE
-regex.c
-@item Sword
-regex.c
-@item TIOCGETC
-inflow.c
-@item TIOCGLTC
-inflow.c
-@item TIOCGPGRP
-inflow.c
-@item TIOCLGET
-inflow.c
-@item TIOCLSET
-inflow.c
-@item TIOCNOTTY
-inflow.c
-@item T_ARG
-coffread.c
-@item T_VOID
-coffread.c
-@item UINT_MAX
-defs.h
-@item UPAGES
-altos-xdep.c
-@item USER
-m88k-tdep.c
-@item USE_GAS
-xm-news.h
-@item USE_O_NOCTTY
-inflow.c
-@item USE_STRUCT_CONVENTION
-values.c
-
-@item USG
-Means that System V (prior to SVR4) include files are in use.
-(FIXME:  This symbol is abused in @file{infrun.c}, @file{regex.c},
-@file{remote-nindy.c}, and @file{utils.c} for other things, at the moment.)
-
-@item USIZE
-xm-m88k.h
-@item U_FPSTATE
-i386-xdep.c
-@item VARIABLES_INSIDE_BLOCK
-dbxread.c
-@item WRS_ORIG
-remote-vx.c
-@item __GNUC__
-news-xdep.c
-@item __GO32__
-inflow.c
-@item __HPUX_ASM__
-xm-hp300hpux.h
-@item __INT_VARARGS_H
-printcmd.c
-@item __not_on_pyr_yet
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item alloca
-defs.h
-@item const
-defs.h
-@item GOULD_PN
-gould-pinsn.c
-@item hp800
-xm-hppabsd.h
-@item hpux
-hppabsd-core.c
-@item lint
-valarith.c
-@item longest_to_int
-defs.h
-@item mc68020
-m68k-stub.c
-@item notdef
-gould-pinsn.c
-@item ns32k_opcodeT
-ns32k-opcode.h
-@item sgi
-mips-tdep.c
-@item sparc
-regex.c
-@item sun
-m68k-tdep.c
-@item sun386
-tm-sun386.h
-@item test
-regex.c
-@item ultrix
-xm-mips.h
-@item volatile
-defs.h
-@end table
-
-@node Target Conditionals
-@chapter Target Conditionals
-
-When GDB is configured and compiled, various macros are defined or left
-undefined, to control compilation based on the attributes of the target
-system.  These macros and their meanings are:
-
-@emph{NOTE:  For now, both host and target conditionals are here.
-Eliminate host conditionals from this list as they are identified.}
-
-@table @code
-
-@item PUSH_DUMMY_FRAME
-Used in @samp{call_function_by_hand} to create an artificial stack frame.
-
-@item POP_FRAME
-Used in @samp{call_function_by_hand} to remove an artificial stack frame.
-
-@item BLOCK_ADDRESS_FUNCTION_RELATIVE
-dbxread.c
-@item KERNELDEBUG
-tm-hppa.h
-@item NO_SYS_FILE
-dbxread.c
-@item PYRAMID_CONTROL_FRAME_DEBUGGING
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item SIGWINCH_HANDLER_BODY
-utils.c
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS
-main.c
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_CASES
-main.c
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_HANDLER
-main.c
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_HELP
-main.c
-@item ADDR_BITS_REMOVE
-defs.h
-@item ALIGN_STACK_ON_STARTUP
-main.c
-@item ALTOS
-altos-xdep.c
-@item ALTOS_AS
-xm-altos.h
-@item ASCII_COFF
-remote-adapt.c
-@item BCS
-tm-delta88.h
-@item BELIEVE_PCC_PROMOTION
-coffread.c
-@item BELIEVE_PCC_PROMOTION_TYPE
-stabsread.c
-@item BITS_BIG_ENDIAN
-defs.h
-@item BKPT_AT_MAIN
-solib.c
-@item BLOCK_ADDRESS_ABSOLUTE
-dbxread.c
-@item BPT_VECTOR
-tm-m68k.h
-@item BREAKPOINT
-tm-m68k.h
-@item CALL_DUMMY
-valops.c
-@item CALL_DUMMY_LOCATION
-inferior.h
-@item CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST
-valops.c
-
-@item CANNOT_FETCH_REGISTER (regno)
-A C expression that should be nonzero if @var{regno} cannot be
-fetched from an inferior process.
-This is only relevant if @code{FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS} is not
-defined.
-
-@item CANNOT_STORE_REGISTER (regno)
-A C expression that should be nonzero if @var{regno} should not be
-written to the target.  This is often the case for program counters,
-status words, and other special registers.  If this is not defined,
-GDB will assume that all registers may be written.
-
-@item CFRONT_PRODUCER
-dwarfread.c
-@item CHILD_PREPARE_TO_STORE
-inftarg.c
-@item CLEAR_DEFERRED_STORES
-inflow.c
-@item CLEAR_SOLIB
-objfiles.c
-@item COFF_ENCAPSULATE
-hppabsd-tdep.c
-@item COFF_FORMAT
-symm-tdep.c
-@item CORE_NEEDS_RELOCATION
-stack.c
-@item CPLUS_MARKER
-cplus-dem.c
-@item C_GLBLREG
-coffread.c
-@item DBXREAD_ONLY
-partial-stab.h
-@item DBX_PARM_SYMBOL_CLASS
-stabsread.c
-@item DEBUG_INFO
-partial-stab.h
-@item DEBUG_PTRACE
-hppabsd-xdep.c
-@item DECR_PC_AFTER_BREAK
-breakpoint.c
-@item DELTA88
-m88k-xdep.c
-@item DEV_TTY
-symmisc.c
-@item DGUX
-m88k-xdep.c
-@item DISABLE_UNSETTABLE_BREAK
-breakpoint.c
-@item DONT_USE_REMOTE
-remote.c
-@item DO_DEFERRED_STORES
-infrun.c
-@item DO_REGISTERS_INFO
-infcmd.c
-
-@item END_OF_TEXT_DEFAULT
-This is an expression that should designate the end of the text section
-(? FIXME ?)
-
-@item EXTRACT_RETURN_VALUE
-tm-m68k.h
-@item EXTRACT_STRUCT_VALUE_ADDRESS
-values.c
-@item EXTRA_FRAME_INFO
-frame.h
-@item EXTRA_SYMTAB_INFO
-symtab.h
-@item FILES_INFO_HOOK
-target.c
-@item FLOAT_INFO
-infcmd.c
-@item FOPEN_RB
-defs.h
-@item FP0_REGNUM
-a68v-xdep.c
-@item FPC_REGNUM
-mach386-xdep.c
-@item FP_REGNUM
-parse.c
-@item FRAMELESS_FUNCTION_INVOCATION
-blockframe.c
-@item FRAME_ARGS_ADDRESS_CORRECT
-stack.c
-
-@item FRAME_CHAIN
-Given FRAME, return a pointer to the calling frame.
-
-@item FRAME_CHAIN_COMBINE
-blockframe.c
-@item FRAME_CHAIN_VALID
-frame.h
-@item FRAME_CHAIN_VALID_ALTERNATE
-frame.h
-@item FRAME_FIND_SAVED_REGS
-stack.c
-@item FRAME_GET_BASEREG_VALUE
-frame.h
-
-@item FRAME_NUM_ARGS (val, fi)
-For the frame described by fi, set val to the number of arguments
-that are being passed.
-
-@item FRAME_SPECIFICATION_DYADIC
-stack.c
-
-@item FRAME_SAVED_PC
-Given FRAME, return the pc saved there.  That is, the return address.
-
-@item FUNCTION_EPILOGUE_SIZE
-coffread.c
-@item F_OK
-xm-ultra3.h
-@item GCC2_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL
-dbxread.c
-@item GCC_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL
-dbxread.c
-@item GCC_MANGLE_BUG
-symtab.c
-@item GCC_PRODUCER
-dwarfread.c
-
-@item GDB_TARGET_IS_HPPA
-This determines whether horrible kludge code in dbxread.c and partial-stab.h
-is used to mangle multiple-symbol-table files from HPPA's.  This should all
-be ripped out, and a scheme like elfread.c used.
-
-@item GDB_TARGET_IS_MACH386
-mach386-xdep.c
-@item GDB_TARGET_IS_SUN3
-a68v-xdep.c
-@item GDB_TARGET_IS_SUN386
-sun386-xdep.c
-
-@item GET_LONGJMP_TARGET
-For most machines, this is a target-dependent parameter.  On the DECstation
-and the Iris, this is a native-dependent parameter, since <setjmp.h> is
-needed to define it.
-
-This macro determines the target PC address that longjmp() will jump
-to, assuming that we have just stopped at a longjmp breakpoint.  It
-takes a CORE_ADDR * as argument, and stores the target PC value through
-this pointer.  It examines the current state of the machine as needed.
-
-@item GET_SAVED_REGISTER
-findvar.c
-@item GPLUS_PRODUCER
-dwarfread.c
-@item GR64_REGNUM
-remote-adapt.c
-@item GR64_REGNUM
-remote-mm.c
-@item HANDLE_RBRAC
-partial-stab.h
-@item HAVE_68881
-m68k-tdep.c
-@item HAVE_REGISTER_WINDOWS
-findvar.c
-@item HAVE_SIGSETMASK
-main.c
-@item HAVE_TERMIO
-inflow.c
-@item HEADER_SEEK_FD
-arm-tdep.c
-@item HOSTING_ONLY
-xm-rtbsd.h
-@item HPUX_ASM
-xm-hp300hpux.h
-@item HPUX_VERSION_5
-hp300ux-xdep.c
-@item HP_OS_BUG
-infrun.c
-@item I80960
-remote-vx.c
-
-@item IBM6000_TARGET
-Shows that we are configured for an IBM RS/6000 target.  This conditional
-should be eliminated (FIXME) and replaced by feature-specific macros.
-It was introduced in haste and we are repenting at leisure.
-
-@item IEEE_FLOAT
-valprint.c
-@item IGNORE_SYMBOL
-dbxread.c
-@item INIT_EXTRA_FRAME_INFO
-blockframe.c
-@item INIT_EXTRA_SYMTAB_INFO
-symfile.c
-@item INIT_FRAME_PC
-blockframe.c
-@item INNER_THAN
-valops.c
-@item INT_MAX
-defs.h
-@item INT_MIN
-defs.h
-@item IN_GDB
-i960-pinsn.c
-@item IN_SIGTRAMP
-infrun.c
-@item IN_SOLIB_TRAMPOLINE
-infrun.c
-@item ISATTY
-main.c
-@item IS_TRAPPED_INTERNALVAR
-values.c
-@item KERNELDEBUG
-dbxread.c
-@item KERNEL_DEBUGGING
-tm-ultra3.h
-@item LCC_PRODUCER
-dwarfread.c
-@item LOG_FILE
-remote-adapt.c
-@item LONGERNAMES
-cplus-dem.c
-@item LONGEST
-defs.h
-@item CC_HAS_LONG_LONG
-defs.h
-@item PRINTF_HAS_LONG_LONG
-defs.h
-@item LONG_MAX
-defs.h
-@item L_LNNO32
-coffread.c
-@item MACHKERNELDEBUG
-hppabsd-tdep.c
-@item MAINTENANCE
-dwarfread.c
-@item MIPSEL
-mips-tdep.c
-@item MOTOROLA
-xm-altos.h
-@item NBPG
-altos-xdep.c
-@item NEED_POSIX_SETPGID
-infrun.c
-@item NEED_TEXT_START_END
-exec.c
-@item NNPC_REGNUM
-infrun.c
-@item NOTDEF
-remote-adapt.c
-@item NOTDEF
-remote-mm.c
-@item NOTICE_SIGNAL_HANDLING_CHANGE
-infrun.c
-@item NO_HIF_SUPPORT
-remote-mm.c
-@item NO_SIGINTERRUPT
-remote-adapt.c
-@item NO_SINGLE_STEP
-infptrace.c
-@item NPC_REGNUM
-infcmd.c
-@item NS32K_SVC_IMMED_OPERANDS
-ns32k-opcode.h
-@item NUMERIC_REG_NAMES
-mips-tdep.c
-@item N_SETV
-dbxread.c
-@item N_SET_MAGIC
-hppabsd-tdep.c
-@item NaN
-tm-umax.h
-@item ONE_PROCESS_WRITETEXT
-breakpoint.c
-@item PC
-convx-opcode.h
-@item PCC_SOL_BROKEN
-dbxread.c
-@item PC_IN_CALL_DUMMY
-inferior.h
-@item PC_LOAD_SEGMENT
-stack.c
-@item PC_REGNUM
-parse.c
-@item PRINT_RANDOM_SIGNAL
-infcmd.c
-@item PRINT_REGISTER_HOOK
-infcmd.c
-@item PRINT_TYPELESS_INTEGER
-valprint.c
-@item PROCESS_LINENUMBER_HOOK
-buildsym.c
-@item PROLOGUE_FIRSTLINE_OVERLAP
-infrun.c
-@item PSIGNAL_IN_SIGNAL_H
-defs.h
-@item PS_REGNUM
-parse.c
-@item PUSH_ARGUMENTS
-valops.c
-@item REGISTER_BYTES
-remote.c
-@item REGISTER_NAMES
-tm-a29k.h
-@item REG_STACK_SEGMENT
-exec.c
-@item REG_STRUCT_HAS_ADDR
-findvar.c
-@item R_FP
-dwarfread.c
-@item R_OK
-xm-altos.h
-
-@item SDB_REG_TO_REGNUM
-Define this to convert sdb register numbers
-into GDB regnums.  If not defined, no conversion will be done.
-
-@item SEEK_END
-state.c
-@item SEEK_SET
-state.c
-@item SEM
-coffread.c
-@item SHELL_COMMAND_CONCAT
-infrun.c
-@item SHELL_FILE
-infrun.c
-@item SHIFT_INST_REGS
-breakpoint.c
-@item SIGTRAP_STOP_AFTER_LOAD
-infrun.c
-
-@item SKIP_PROLOGUE
-A C statement that advances the PC across any function entry
-prologue instructions so as to reach ``real'' code.
-
-@item SKIP_PROLOGUE_FRAMELESS_P
-A C statement that should behave similarly, but that can stop
-as soon as the function is known to have a frame.
-If not defined, @code{SKIP_PROLOGUE} will be used instead.
-
-@item SKIP_TRAMPOLINE_CODE
-infrun.c
-@item SOLIB_ADD
-core.c
-@item SP_REGNUM
-parse.c
-
-@item STAB_REG_TO_REGNUM
-Define this to convert stab register numbers (as gotten from `r' declarations)
-into GDB regnums.  If not defined, no conversion will be done.
-
-@item STACK_ALIGN
-valops.c
-@item START_INFERIOR_TRAPS_EXPECTED
-infrun.c
-@item STOP_SIGNAL
-main.c
-
-@item STORE_RETURN_VALUE (type, valbuf)
-A C expression that stores a function return value of type @var{type},
-where @var{valbuf} is the address of the value to be stored.
-
-@item SUN4_COMPILER_FEATURE
-infrun.c
-@item SUN_FIXED_LBRAC_BUG
-dbxread.c
-@item SVR4_SHARED_LIBS
-solib.c
-@item SYM1
-tm-ultra3.h
-@item SYMBOL_RELOADING_DEFAULT
-symfile.c
-
-@item TARGET_BYTE_ORDER
-The ordering of bytes in the target.
-This must be defined to be either @code{BIG_ENDIAN} or @code{LITTLE_ENDIAN}.
-
-@item TARGET_CHAR_BIT
-Number of bits in a char; defaults to 8.
-
-@item TARGET_COMPLEX_BIT
-Number of bits in a complex number; defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_FLOAT_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT
-Number of bits in a double float; defaults to @code{8 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_BIT
-Number of bits in a double complex; defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_FLOAT_BIT
-Number of bits in a float; defaults to @code{4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_INT_BIT
-Number of bits in an integer; defaults to @code{4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_LONG_BIT
-Number of bits in a long integer; defaults to @code{4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_LONG_DOUBLE_BIT
-Number of bits in a long double float;
-defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_LONG_LONG_BIT
-Number of bits in a long long integer; defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_LONG_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_PTR_BIT
-Number of bits in a pointer; defaults to @code{TARGET_INT_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_SHORT_BIT
-Number of bits in a short integer; defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_READ_PC
-@item TARGET_WRITE_PC (val, pid)
-@item TARGET_READ_SP
-@item TARGET_WRITE_SP
-@item TARGET_READ_FP
-@item TARGET_WRITE_FP
-These change the behavior of @code{read_pc}, @code{write_pc},
-@code{read_sp}, @code{write_sp}, @code{read_fp} and @code{write_fp}.
-For most targets, these may be left undefined.  GDB will call the
-read and write register functions with the relevant @code{_REGNUM} argument.
-
-These macros are useful when a target keeps one of these registers in a
-hard to get at place;  for example, part in a segment register and part
-in an ordinary register.
-
-@item T_ARG
-coffread.c
-@item T_VOID
-coffread.c
-@item UINT_MAX
-defs.h
-@item USER
-m88k-tdep.c
-@item USE_GAS
-xm-news.h
-@item USE_STRUCT_CONVENTION
-values.c
-@item USIZE
-xm-m88k.h
-@item U_FPSTATE
-i386-xdep.c
-@item VARIABLES_INSIDE_BLOCK
-dbxread.c
-@item WRS_ORIG
-remote-vx.c
-@item __GO32__
-inflow.c
-@item __HPUX_ASM__
-xm-hp300hpux.h
-@item __INT_VARARGS_H
-printcmd.c
-@item __not_on_pyr_yet
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item GOULD_PN
-gould-pinsn.c
-@item hp800
-xm-hppabsd.h
-@item hpux
-hppabsd-core.c
-@item longest_to_int
-defs.h
-@item mc68020
-m68k-stub.c
-@item ns32k_opcodeT
-ns32k-opcode.h
-@item sgi
-mips-tdep.c
-@item sun
-m68k-tdep.c
-@item sun386
-tm-sun386.h
-
-@item test
-(Define this to enable testing code in regex.c.)
-
-@end table
-
-@node Native Conditionals
-@chapter Native Conditionals
-
-When GDB is configured and compiled, various macros are defined or left
-undefined, to control compilation when the host and target systems
-are the same.  These macros should be defined (or left undefined)
-in @file{nm-@var{system}.h}.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item ATTACH_DETACH
-If defined, then GDB will include support for the @code{attach} and
-@code{detach} commands.
-
-@item FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS
-Define this if the native-dependent code will provide its
-own routines
-@code{fetch_inferior_registers} and @code{store_inferior_registers} in
-@file{@var{HOST}-nat.c}.
-If this symbol is @emph{not} defined, and @file{infptrace.c}
-is included in this configuration, the default routines in
-@file{infptrace.c} are used for these functions.
-
-@item GET_LONGJMP_TARGET
-For most machines, this is a target-dependent parameter.  On the DECstation
-and the Iris, this is a native-dependent parameter, since <setjmp.h> is
-needed to define it.
-
-This macro determines the target PC address that longjmp() will jump
-to, assuming that we have just stopped at a longjmp breakpoint.  It
-takes a CORE_ADDR * as argument, and stores the target PC value through
-this pointer.  It examines the current state of the machine as needed.
-
-@item PROC_NAME_FMT
-Defines the format for the name of a @file{/proc} device.  Should be
-defined in @file{nm.h} @emph{only} in order to override the default
-definition in @file{procfs.c}.
-
-@item PTRACE_FP_BUG
-mach386-xdep.c
-
-@item PTRACE_ARG3_TYPE
-The type of the third argument to the @code{ptrace} system call, if it exists
-and is different from @code{int}.
-
-@item REGISTER_U_ADDR
-Defines the offset of the registers in the ``u area''; @pxref{Host}.
-
-@item SOLIB_CREATE_INFERIOR_HOOK
-Define this to expand into any shared-library-relocation code
-that you want to be run just after the child process has been forked.
-
-@item USE_PROC_FS
-This determines whether small routines in @file{*-tdep.c}, which
-translate register values
-between GDB's internal representation and the /proc representation,
-are compiled.
-
-@item U_REGS_OFFSET
-This is the offset of the registers in the upage.  It need only be
-defined if the generic ptrace register access routines in
-@file{infptrace.c} are being used (that is,
-@file{infptrace.c} is configured in, and
-@code{FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS} is not defined).  If the default value
-from @file{infptrace.c} is good enough, leave it undefined.
-
-The default value means that u.u_ar0 @emph{points to} the location of the
-registers.  I'm guessing that @code{#define U_REGS_OFFSET 0} means that
-u.u_ar0 @emph{is} the location of the registers.
-
-@end table
-
-@node Obsolete Conditionals
-@chapter Obsolete Conditionals
-
-Fragments of old code in GDB sometimes reference or set the following
-configuration macros.  They should not be used by new code, and
-old uses should be removed as those parts of the debugger are 
-otherwise touched.
-
-@table @code
-@item STACK_END_ADDR
-This macro used to define where the end of the stack appeared, for use
-in interpreting core file formats that don't record this address in the
-core file itself.  This information is now configured in BFD, and GDB
-gets the info portably from there.  The values in GDB's configuration
-files should be moved into BFD configuration files (if needed there),
-and deleted from all of GDB's config files.
-
-Any @file{@var{foo}-xdep.c} file that references STACK_END_ADDR
-is so old that it has never been converted to use BFD.  Now that's old!
-@end table
-
-@node XCOFF
-@chapter The XCOFF Object File Format
-
-The IBM RS/6000 running AIX uses an object file format called xcoff.
-The COFF sections, symbols, and line numbers are used, but debugging
-symbols are dbx-style stabs whose strings are located in the
-@samp{.debug} section (rather than the string table).  For more
-information, @xref{Top,,,stabs,The Stabs Debugging Format}, and search
-for XCOFF.
-
-The shared library scheme has a nice clean interface for figuring out
-what shared libraries are in use, but the catch is that everything which
-refers to addresses (symbol tables and breakpoints at least) needs to be
-relocated for both shared libraries and the main executable.  At least
-using the standard mechanism this can only be done once the program has
-been run (or the core file has been read).
-
-@contents
-@bye
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/h8-cfg.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/h8-cfg.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 823c7c244b5a..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/h8-cfg.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-@c GDB version number is recorded in the variable GDBVN
-@include GDBvn.texi
-@c
-@set   AGGLOMERATION
-@clear AMD29K
-@set   BARETARGET
-@clear CONLY
-@set   DOSHOST
-@clear FORTRAN
-@clear FSFDOC
-@clear GDBSERVER
-@clear GENERIC
-@set   H8
-@set   H8EXCLUSIVE
-@clear HAVE-FLOAT
-@clear I960
-@clear MOD2
-@clear NOVEL
-@clear POSIX
-@set   PRECONFIGURED
-@clear REMOTESTUB
-@set   SIMS
-@clear SERIAL
-@clear SPARC
-@clear ST2000
-@clear VXWORKS
-@clear Z8K
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c STRINGS:
-@c
-@c Name of GDB program.  Used also for (gdb) prompt string.
-@set GDBP gdb
-@c 
-@c Name of GDB product.  Used in running text.
-@set GDBN GDB
-@c
-@c Name of GDB initialization file.
-@set GDBINIT .gdbinit
-@c 
-@c Name of target.
-@set TARGET Hitachi Microprocessors
-@c
-@c Name of GCC product
-@set NGCC GCC
-@c 
-@c Name of GCC program
-@set GCC gcc
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/inc-hist.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/inc-hist.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 539e372c5d46..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/inc-hist.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-@ignore
-This file is completely identical to hsuser.texinfo, except that it has the
-reference to the programming manual removed.  There are definately better ways
-to do this!
-
-This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library.
-
-Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Authored by Brian Fox.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
-provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on
-all copies.
-
-Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
-identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
-paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-GNU Copyright statement is available to the distributee, and provided that
-the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end ignore
-
-@node Using History Interactively
-@appendix Using History Interactively
-
-This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively,
-from a user's standpoint.
-
-@menu
-* History Interaction::		What it feels like using History as a user.
-@end menu
-
-@node History Interaction
-@section History Interaction
-@cindex expansion
-
-The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
-to the history expansion in Csh.  The following text describes the sytax
-that you use to manipulate the history information.
-
-History expansion takes place in two parts.  The first is to determine
-which line from the previous history should be used during substitution.
-The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the
-current one.  The line selected from the previous history is called the
-@dfn{event}, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
-called @dfn{words}.  The line is broken into words in the same fashion
-that the Bash shell does, so that several English (or Unix) words
-surrounded by quotes are considered as one word.
-
-@menu
-* Event Designators::	How to specify which history line to use.
-* Word Designators::	Specifying which words are of interest.
-* Modifiers::		Modifying the results of susbstitution.
-@end menu
-
-@node Event Designators
-@subsection Event Designators
-@cindex event designators
-
-An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
-history list.
-
-@table @asis
-
-@item @code{!}
-Start a history subsititution, except when followed by a space, tab, or
-the end of the line... @key{=} or @key{(}.
-
-@item @code{!!}
-Refer to the previous command.  This is a synonym for @code{!-1}.
-
-@item @code{!n}
-Refer to command line @var{n}.
-
-@item @code{!-n}
-Refer to the command line @var{n} lines back.
-
-@item @code{!string}
-Refer to the most recent command starting with @var{string}.
-
-@item @code{!?string}[@code{?}]
-Refer to the most recent command containing @var{string}.
-
-@end table
-
-@node Word Designators
-@subsection Word Designators
-
-A @key{:} separates the event specification from the word designator.  It
-can be omitted if the word designator begins with a @key{^}, @key{$},
-@key{*} or @key{%}.  Words are numbered from the beginning of the line,
-with the first word being denoted by a 0 (zero).
-
-@table @code
-
-@item 0 (zero)
-The zero'th word.  For many applications, this is the command word.
-
-@item n
-The @var{n}'th word.
-
-@item ^
-The first argument.  that is, word 1.
-
-@item $
-The last argument.
-
-@item %
-The word matched by the most recent @code{?string?} search.
-
-@item x-y
-A range of words; @code{-@var{y}} Abbreviates @code{0-@var{y}}.
-
-@item *
-All of the words, excepting the zero'th.  This is a synonym for @code{1-$}.
-It is not an error to use @key{*} if there is just one word in the event.
-The empty string is returned in that case.
-
-@end table
-
-@node Modifiers
-@subsection Modifiers
-
-After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
-of the following modifiers, each preceded by a @key{:}.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item #
-The entire command line typed so far.  This means the current command,
-not the previous command, so it really isn't a word designator, and doesn't
-belong in this section.
-
-@item h
-Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head.
-
-@item r
-Remove a trailing suffix of the form @samp{.}@var{suffix}, leaving the basename.
-
-@item e
-Remove all but the suffix.
-
-@item t
-Remove all leading  pathname  components, leaving the tail.
-
-@item p
-Print the new command but do not execute it.
-@end table
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/remote.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/remote.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 422379dd893e..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/remote.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1424 +0,0 @@
-@c								-*- Texinfo -*-
-@c Copyright (c) 1990 1991 1992 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c This file is part of the source for the GDB manual.
-@c This text diverted to "Remote Debugging" section in general case;
-@c however, if we're doing a manual specifically for one of these, it
-@c belongs up front (in "Getting In and Out" chapter).
-
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-@node Remote Serial
-@subsection The @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol
-
-@cindex remote serial debugging, overview
-To debug a program running on another machine (the debugging
-@dfn{target} machine), you must first arrange for all the usual
-prerequisites for the program to run by itself.  For example, for a C
-program, you need
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-A startup routine to set up the C runtime environment; these usually
-have a name like @file{crt0}.  The startup routine may be supplied by
-your hardware supplier, or you may have to write your own.
-
-@item 
-You probably need a C subroutine library to support your program's
-subroutine calls, notably managing input and output.
-
-@item
-A way of getting your program to the other machine---for example, a
-download program.  These are often supplied by the hardware
-manufacturer, but you may have to write your own from hardware
-documentation.
-@end enumerate
-
-The next step is to arrange for your program to use a serial port to
-communicate with the machine where @value{GDBN} is running (the @dfn{host}
-machine).  In general terms, the scheme looks like this:
-
-@table @emph
-@item On the host,
-@value{GDBN} already understands how to use this protocol; when everything
-else is set up, you can simply use the @samp{target remote} command
-(@pxref{Targets,,Specifying a Debugging Target}).
-
-@item On the target,
-you must link with your program a few special-purpose subroutines that
-implement the @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol.  The file containing these
-subroutines is called  a @dfn{debugging stub}.
-
-@ifset GDBSERVER
-On certain remote targets, you can use an auxiliary program
-@code{gdbserver} instead of linking a stub into your program.
-@xref{Server,,Using the @code{gdbserver} program}, for details.
-@end ifset
-@end table
-
-The debugging stub is specific to the architecture of the remote
-machine; for example, use @file{sparc-stub.c} to debug programs on
-@sc{sparc} boards.
-
-@cindex remote serial stub list
-These working remote stubs are distributed with @value{GDBN}:
-
-@table @code
-@item sparc-stub.c
-@kindex sparc-stub.c
-For @sc{sparc} architectures.
-
-@item m68k-stub.c
-@kindex m68k-stub.c
-@cindex Motorola 680x0
-@cindex m680x0
-For Motorola 680x0 architectures.
-
-@item i386-stub.c
-@kindex i386-stub.c
-@cindex Intel
-@cindex i386
-For Intel 386 and compatible architectures.
-@end table
-
-The @file{README} file in the @value{GDBN} distribution may list other
-recently added stubs.
-
-@menu
-* Stub Contents::       What the stub can do for you
-* Bootstrapping::       What you must do for the stub
-* Debug Session::       Putting it all together
-* Protocol::            Outline of the communication protocol
-@ifset GDBSERVER
-* Server::		Using the `gdbserver' program
-@end ifset
-@end menu
-
-@node Stub Contents
-@subsubsection What the stub can do for you
-
-@cindex remote serial stub
-The debugging stub for your architecture supplies these three
-subroutines:
-
-@table @code
-@item set_debug_traps
-@kindex set_debug_traps
-@cindex remote serial stub, initialization
-This routine arranges for @code{handle_exception} to run when your
-program stops.  You must call this subroutine explicitly near the
-beginning of your program.
-
-@item handle_exception
-@kindex handle_exception
-@cindex remote serial stub, main routine
-This is the central workhorse, but your program never calls it
-explicitly---the setup code arranges for @code{handle_exception} to
-run when a trap is triggered.
-
-@code{handle_exception} takes control when your program stops during
-execution (for example, on a breakpoint), and mediates communications
-with @value{GDBN} on the host machine.  This is where the communications
-protocol is implemented; @code{handle_exception} acts as the @value{GDBN}
-representative on the target machine; it begins by sending summary
-information on the state of your program, then continues to execute,
-retrieving and transmitting any information @value{GDBN} needs, until you
-execute a @value{GDBN} command that makes your program resume; at that point,
-@code{handle_exception} returns control to your own code on the target
-machine. 
-
-@item breakpoint
-@cindex @code{breakpoint} subroutine, remote
-Use this auxiliary subroutine to make your program contain a
-breakpoint.  Depending on the particular situation, this may be the only
-way for @value{GDBN} to get control.  For instance, if your target
-machine has some sort of interrupt button, you won't need to call this;
-pressing the interrupt button transfers control to
-@code{handle_exception}---in effect, to @value{GDBN}.  On some machines,
-simply receiving characters on the serial port may also trigger a trap;
-again, in that situation, you don't need to call @code{breakpoint} from
-your own program---simply running @samp{target remote} from the host
-@value{GDBN} session gets control.  
-
-Call @code{breakpoint} if none of these is true, or if you simply want
-to make certain your program stops at a predetermined point for the
-start of your debugging session.
-@end table
-
-@node Bootstrapping
-@subsubsection What you must do for the stub
-
-@cindex remote stub, support routines
-The debugging stubs that come with @value{GDBN} are set up for a particular
-chip architecture, but they have no information about the rest of your
-debugging target machine.
-
-First of all you need to tell the stub how to communicate with the
-serial port.
-
-@table @code
-@item int getDebugChar()
-@kindex getDebugChar
-Write this subroutine to read a single character from the serial port.
-It may be identical to @code{getchar} for your target system; a
-different name is used to allow you to distinguish the two if you wish.
-
-@item void putDebugChar(int)
-@kindex putDebugChar
-Write this subroutine to write a single character to the serial port.
-It may be identical to @code{putchar} for your target system; a 
-different name is used to allow you to distinguish the two if you wish.
-@end table
-
-@cindex control C, and remote debugging
-@cindex interrupting remote targets
-If you want @value{GDBN} to be able to stop your program while it is
-running, you need to use an interrupt-driven serial driver, and arrange
-for it to stop when it receives a @code{^C} (@samp{\003}, the control-C
-character).  That is the character which @value{GDBN} uses to tell the
-remote system to stop.
-
-Getting the debugging target to return the proper status to @value{GDBN}
-probably requires changes to the standard stub; one quick and dirty way
-is to just execute a breakpoint instruction (the ``dirty'' part is that
-@value{GDBN} reports a @code{SIGTRAP} instead of a @code{SIGINT}).
-
-Other routines you need to supply are:
-
-@table @code
-@item void exceptionHandler (int @var{exception_number}, void *@var{exception_address})
-@kindex exceptionHandler
-Write this function to install @var{exception_address} in the exception
-handling tables.  You need to do this because the stub does not have any
-way of knowing what the exception handling tables on your target system
-are like (for example, the processor's table might be in @sc{rom},
-containing entries which point to a table in @sc{ram}).
-@var{exception_number} is the exception number which should be changed;
-its meaning is architecture-dependent (for example, different numbers
-might represent divide by zero, misaligned access, etc).  When this
-exception occurs, control should be transferred directly to
-@var{exception_address}, and the processor state (stack, registers,
-and so on) should be just as it is when a processor exception occurs.  So if
-you want to use a jump instruction to reach @var{exception_address}, it
-should be a simple jump, not a jump to subroutine.
-
-For the 386, @var{exception_address} should be installed as an interrupt
-gate so that interrupts are masked while the handler runs.  The gate
-should be at privilege level 0 (the most privileged level).  The
-@sc{sparc} and 68k stubs are able to mask interrupts themself without
-help from @code{exceptionHandler}.
-
-@item void flush_i_cache()
-@kindex flush_i_cache
-Write this subroutine to flush the instruction cache, if any, on your
-target machine.  If there is no instruction cache, this subroutine may
-be a no-op.
-
-On target machines that have instruction caches, @value{GDBN} requires this
-function to make certain that the state of your program is stable.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-You must also make sure this library routine is available:
-
-@table @code
-@item void *memset(void *, int, int)
-@kindex memset
-This is the standard library function @code{memset} that sets an area of
-memory to a known value.  If you have one of the free versions of
-@code{libc.a}, @code{memset} can be found there; otherwise, you must
-either obtain it from your hardware manufacturer, or write your own.
-@end table
-
-If you do not use the GNU C compiler, you may need other standard
-library subroutines as well; this varies from one stub to another,
-but in general the stubs are likely to use any of the common library
-subroutines which @code{gcc} generates as inline code.
-
-
-@node Debug Session
-@subsubsection Putting it all together
-
-@cindex remote serial debugging summary
-In summary, when your program is ready to debug, you must follow these
-steps.
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Make sure you have the supporting low-level routines
-(@pxref{Bootstrapping,,What you must do for the stub}):
-@display
-@code{getDebugChar}, @code{putDebugChar},
-@code{flush_i_cache}, @code{memset}, @code{exceptionHandler}.
-@end display
-
-@item
-Insert these lines near the top of your program:
-
-@example
-set_debug_traps();
-breakpoint();
-@end example
-
-@item
-For the 680x0 stub only, you need to provide a variable called
-@code{exceptionHook}.  Normally you just use
-
-@example
-void (*exceptionHook)() = 0;
-@end example
-
-but if before calling @code{set_debug_traps}, you set it to point to a
-function in your program, that function is called when
-@code{@value{GDBN}} continues after stopping on a trap (for example, bus
-error).  The function indicated by @code{exceptionHook} is called with
-one parameter: an @code{int} which is the exception number.
-
-@item
-Compile and link together: your program, the @value{GDBN} debugging stub for
-your target architecture, and the supporting subroutines.
-
-@item
-Make sure you have a serial connection between your target machine and
-the @value{GDBN} host, and identify the serial port used for this on the host.
-
-@item
-@c The "remote" target now provides a `load' command, so we should
-@c document that.  FIXME.
-Download your program to your target machine (or get it there by
-whatever means the manufacturer provides), and start it.
-
-@item
-To start remote debugging, run @value{GDBN} on the host machine, and specify
-as an executable file the program that is running in the remote machine.
-This tells @value{GDBN} how to find your program's symbols and the contents
-of its pure text.
-
-@cindex serial line, @code{target remote}
-Then establish communication using the @code{target remote} command.
-Its argument specifies how to communicate with the target
-machine---either via a devicename attached to a direct serial line, or a
-TCP port (usually to a terminal server which in turn has a serial line
-to the target).  For example, to use a serial line connected to the
-device named @file{/dev/ttyb}:
-
-@example
-target remote /dev/ttyb
-@end example
-
-@cindex TCP port, @code{target remote}
-To use a TCP connection, use an argument of the form
-@code{@var{host}:port}.  For example, to connect to port 2828 on a
-terminal server named @code{manyfarms}:
-
-@example
-target remote manyfarms:2828
-@end example
-@end enumerate
-
-Now you can use all the usual commands to examine and change data and to
-step and continue the remote program.
-
-To resume the remote program and stop debugging it, use the @code{detach}
-command.
-
-@cindex interrupting remote programs
-@cindex remote programs, interrupting
-Whenever @value{GDBN} is waiting for the remote program, if you type the
-interrupt character (often @key{C-C}), @value{GDBN} attempts to stop the
-program.  This may or may not succeed, depending in part on the hardware
-and the serial drivers the remote system uses.  If you type the
-interrupt character once again, @value{GDBN} displays this prompt:
-
-@example
-Interrupted while waiting for the program.
-Give up (and stop debugging it)?  (y or n)
-@end example
-
-If you type @kbd{y}, @value{GDBN} abandons the remote debugging session.
-(If you decide you want to try again later, you can use @samp{target
-remote} again to connect once more.)  If you type @kbd{n}, @value{GDBN}
-goes back to waiting.
-
-@node Protocol
-@subsubsection Communication protocol
-
-@cindex debugging stub, example
-@cindex remote stub, example
-@cindex stub example, remote debugging
-The stub files provided with @value{GDBN} implement the target side of the
-communication protocol, and the @value{GDBN} side is implemented in the
-@value{GDBN} source file @file{remote.c}.  Normally, you can simply allow
-these subroutines to communicate, and ignore the details.  (If you're
-implementing your own stub file, you can still ignore the details: start
-with one of the existing stub files.  @file{sparc-stub.c} is the best
-organized, and therefore the easiest to read.)
-
-However, there may be occasions when you need to know something about
-the protocol---for example, if there is only one serial port to your
-target machine, you might want your program to do something special if
-it recognizes a packet meant for @value{GDBN}.
-
-@cindex protocol, @value{GDBN} remote serial
-@cindex serial protocol, @value{GDBN} remote
-@cindex remote serial protocol
-All @value{GDBN} commands and responses (other than acknowledgements, which
-are single characters) are sent as a packet which includes a
-checksum.  A packet is introduced with the character @samp{$}, and ends
-with the character @samp{#} followed by a two-digit checksum:
-
-@example
-$@var{packet info}#@var{checksum}
-@end example
-
-@cindex checksum, for @value{GDBN} remote
-@noindent
-@var{checksum} is computed as the modulo 256 sum of the @var{packet
-info} characters.
-
-When either the host or the target machine receives a packet, the first
-response expected is an acknowledgement: a single character, either
-@samp{+} (to indicate the package was received correctly) or @samp{-}
-(to request retransmission).
-
-The host (@value{GDBN}) sends commands, and the target (the debugging stub
-incorporated in your program) sends data in response.  The target also
-sends data when your program stops.
-
-Command packets are distinguished by their first character, which
-identifies the kind of command.
-
-These are the commands currently supported:
-
-@table @code
-@item g
-Requests the values of CPU registers.
-
-@item G
-Sets the values of CPU registers.
-
-@item m@var{addr},@var{count}
-Read @var{count} bytes at location @var{addr}.
-
-@item M@var{addr},@var{count}:@dots{}
-Write @var{count} bytes at location @var{addr}.
-
-@need 500
-@item c
-@itemx c@var{addr}
-Resume execution at the current address (or at @var{addr} if supplied).
-
-@need 500
-@item s
-@itemx s@var{addr}
-Step the target program for one instruction, from either the current
-program counter or from @var{addr} if supplied.
-
-@item k
-Kill the target program.
-
-@item ?
-Report the most recent signal.  To allow you to take advantage of the
-@value{GDBN} signal handling commands, one of the functions of the debugging
-stub is to report CPU traps as the corresponding POSIX signal values.
-@end table
-
-@kindex set remotedebug
-@kindex show remotedebug
-@cindex packets, reporting on stdout
-@cindex serial connections, debugging
-If you have trouble with the serial connection, you can use the command
-@code{set remotedebug}.  This makes @value{GDBN} report on all packets sent
-back and forth across the serial line to the remote machine.  The
-packet-debugging information is printed on the @value{GDBN} standard output
-stream.  @code{set remotedebug off} turns it off, and @code{show
-remotedebug} shows you its current state.
-
-@ifset GDBSERVER
-@node Server
-@subsubsection Using the @code{gdbserver} program
-
-@kindex gdbserver
-@cindex remote connection without stubs
-@code{gdbserver} is a control program for Unix-like systems, which
-allows you to connect your program with a remote @value{GDBN} via
-@code{target remote}---but without linking in the usual debugging stub.
-
-@code{gdbserver} is not a complete replacement for the debugging stubs,
-because it requires essentially the same operating-system facilities
-that @value{GDBN} itself does.  In fact, a system that can run
-@code{gdbserver} to connect to a remote @value{GDBN} could also run
-@value{GDBN} locally!  @code{gdbserver} is sometimes useful nevertheless,
-because it is a much smaller program than @value{GDBN} itself.  It is
-also easier to port than all of @value{GDBN}, so you may be able to get
-started more quickly on a new system by using @code{gdbserver}.
-Finally, if you develop code for real-time systems, you may find that
-the tradeoffs involved in real-time operation make it more convenient to
-do as much development work as possible on another system, for example
-by cross-compiling.  You can use @code{gdbserver} to make a similar
-choice for debugging.
-
-@value{GDBN} and @code{gdbserver} communicate via either a serial line
-or a TCP connection, using the standard @value{GDBN} remote serial
-protocol.
-
-@table @emph
-@item On the target machine,
-you need to have a copy of the program you want to debug.
-@code{gdbserver} does not need your program's symbol table, so you can
-strip the program if necessary to save space.  @value{GDBN} on the host
-system does all the symbol handling.
-
-To use the server, you must tell it how to communicate with @value{GDBN};
-the name of your program; and the arguments for your program.  The
-syntax is:
-
-@smallexample
-target> gdbserver @var{comm} @var{program} [ @var{args} @dots{} ]
-@end smallexample
-
-@var{comm} is either a device name (to use a serial line) or a TCP
-hostname and portnumber.  For example, to debug Emacs with the argument
-@samp{foo.txt} and communicate with @value{GDBN} over the serial port
-@file{/dev/com1}:
-
-@smallexample
-target> gdbserver /dev/com1 emacs foo.txt
-@end smallexample
-
-@code{gdbserver} waits passively for the host @value{GDBN} to communicate
-with it.
-
-To use a TCP connection instead of a serial line:
-
-@smallexample
-target> gdbserver host:2345 emacs foo.txt
-@end smallexample
-
-The only difference from the previous example is the first argument,
-specifying that you are communicating with the host @value{GDBN} via
-TCP.  The @samp{host:2345} argument means that @code{gdbserver} is to
-expect a TCP connection from machine @samp{host} to local TCP port 2345.
-(Currently, the @samp{host} part is ignored.)  You can choose any number
-you want for the port number as long as it does not conflict with any
-TCP ports already in use on the target system (for example, @code{23} is
-reserved for @code{telnet}).@footnote{If you choose a port number that
-conflicts with another service, @code{gdbserver} prints an error message
-and exits.} You must use the same port number with the host @value{GDBN}
-@code{target remote} command.
-
-@item On the @value{GDBN} host machine,
-you need an unstripped copy of your program, since @value{GDBN} needs
-symbols and debugging information.  Start up @value{GDBN} as usual,
-using the name of the local copy of your program as the first argument.
-(You may also need the @w{@samp{--baud}} option if the serial line is
-running at anything other than 9600 bps.)  After that, use @code{target
-remote} to establish communications with @code{gdbserver}.  Its argument
-is either a device name (usually a serial device, like
-@file{/dev/ttyb}), or a TCP port descriptor in the form
-@code{@var{host}:@var{PORT}}.  For example:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) target remote /dev/ttyb
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-communicates with the server via serial line @file{/dev/ttyb}, and
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) target remote the-target:2345
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-communicates via a TCP connection to port 2345 on host @w{@file{the-target}}.
-For TCP connections, you must start up @code{gdbserver} prior to using
-the @code{target remote} command.  Otherwise you may get an error whose
-text depends on the host system, but which usually looks something like
-@samp{Connection refused}.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset I960
-@node i960-Nindy Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)
-
-@cindex Nindy
-@cindex i960
-@dfn{Nindy} is a ROM Monitor program for Intel 960 target systems.  When
-@value{GDBN} is configured to control a remote Intel 960 using Nindy, you can
-tell @value{GDBN} how to connect to the 960 in several ways:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Through command line options specifying serial port, version of the
-Nindy protocol, and communications speed;
-
-@item
-By responding to a prompt on startup;
-
-@item
-By using the @code{target} command at any point during your @value{GDBN}
-session.  @xref{Target Commands, ,Commands for managing targets}.
-
-@end itemize
-
-@menu
-* Nindy Startup::               Startup with Nindy
-* Nindy Options::               Options for Nindy
-* Nindy Reset::                 Nindy reset command
-@end menu
-
-@node Nindy Startup
-@subsubsection Startup with Nindy
-
-If you simply start @code{@value{GDBP}} without using any command-line
-options, you are prompted for what serial port to use, @emph{before} you
-reach the ordinary @value{GDBN} prompt:
-
-@example
-Attach /dev/ttyNN -- specify NN, or "quit" to quit:  
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Respond to the prompt with whatever suffix (after @samp{/dev/tty})
-identifies the serial port you want to use.  You can, if you choose,
-simply start up with no Nindy connection by responding to the prompt
-with an empty line.  If you do this and later wish to attach to Nindy,
-use @code{target} (@pxref{Target Commands, ,Commands for managing targets}).
-
-@node Nindy Options
-@subsubsection Options for Nindy
-
-These are the startup options for beginning your @value{GDBN} session with a
-Nindy-960 board attached:
-
-@table @code
-@item -r @var{port}
-Specify the serial port name of a serial interface to be used to connect
-to the target system.  This option is only available when @value{GDBN} is
-configured for the Intel 960 target architecture.  You may specify
-@var{port} as any of: a full pathname (e.g. @samp{-r /dev/ttya}), a
-device name in @file{/dev} (e.g. @samp{-r ttya}), or simply the unique
-suffix for a specific @code{tty} (e.g. @samp{-r a}).
-
-@item -O
-(An uppercase letter ``O'', not a zero.)  Specify that @value{GDBN} should use
-the ``old'' Nindy monitor protocol to connect to the target system.
-This option is only available when @value{GDBN} is configured for the Intel 960
-target architecture.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} if you specify @samp{-O}, but are actually trying to
-connect to a target system that expects the newer protocol, the connection
-fails, appearing to be a speed mismatch.  @value{GDBN} repeatedly
-attempts to reconnect at several different line speeds.  You can abort
-this process with an interrupt.
-@end quotation
-
-@item -brk
-Specify that @value{GDBN} should first send a @code{BREAK} signal to the target
-system, in an attempt to reset it, before connecting to a Nindy target.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} Many target systems do not have the hardware that this
-requires; it only works with a few boards.
-@end quotation
-@end table
-
-The standard @samp{-b} option controls the line speed used on the serial
-port.
-
-@c @group
-@node Nindy Reset
-@subsubsection Nindy reset command
-
-@table @code
-@item reset
-@kindex reset
-For a Nindy target, this command sends a ``break'' to the remote target
-system; this is only useful if the target has been equipped with a
-circuit to perform a hard reset (or some other interesting action) when
-a break is detected.
-@end table
-@c @end group
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset AMD29K
-@node UDI29K Remote
-@subsection The UDI protocol for AMD29K
-
-@cindex UDI
-@cindex AMD29K via UDI
-@value{GDBN} supports AMD's UDI (``Universal Debugger Interface'')
-protocol for debugging the a29k processor family.  To use this
-configuration with AMD targets running the MiniMON monitor, you need the
-program @code{MONTIP}, available from AMD at no charge.  You can also
-use @value{GDBN} with the UDI conformant a29k simulator program
-@code{ISSTIP}, also available from AMD.
-
-@table @code
-@item target udi @var{keyword}
-@kindex udi
-Select the UDI interface to a remote a29k board or simulator, where
-@var{keyword} is an entry in the AMD configuration file @file{udi_soc}.
-This file contains keyword entries which specify parameters used to
-connect to a29k targets.  If the @file{udi_soc} file is not in your
-working directory, you must set the environment variable @samp{UDICONF}
-to its pathname.
-@end table
-
-@node EB29K Remote
-@subsection The EBMON protocol for AMD29K
-
-@cindex EB29K board
-@cindex running 29K programs
-
-AMD distributes a 29K development board meant to fit in a PC, together
-with a DOS-hosted monitor program called @code{EBMON}.  As a shorthand
-term, this development system is called the ``EB29K''.  To use
-@value{GDBN} from a Unix system to run programs on the EB29K board, you
-must first connect a serial cable between the PC (which hosts the EB29K
-board) and a serial port on the Unix system.  In the following, we
-assume you've hooked the cable between the PC's @file{COM1} port and
-@file{/dev/ttya} on the Unix system.
-
-@menu
-* Comms (EB29K)::               Communications setup
-* gdb-EB29K::                   EB29K cross-debugging
-* Remote Log::                  Remote log
-@end menu
-
-@node Comms (EB29K)
-@subsubsection Communications setup
-
-The next step is to set up the PC's port, by doing something like this
-in DOS on the PC:
-
-@example
-C:\> MODE com1:9600,n,8,1,none
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-This example---run on an MS DOS 4.0 system---sets the PC port to 9600
-bps, no parity, eight data bits, one stop bit, and no ``retry'' action;
-you must match the communications parameters when establishing the Unix
-end of the connection as well.
-@c FIXME: Who knows what this "no retry action" crud from the DOS manual may
-@c       mean?  It's optional; leave it out? ---pesch@cygnus.com, 25feb91 
-
-To give control of the PC to the Unix side of the serial line, type
-the following at the DOS console:
-
-@example
-C:\> CTTY com1
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-(Later, if you wish to return control to the DOS console, you can use
-the command @code{CTTY con}---but you must send it over the device that
-had control, in our example over the @file{COM1} serial line).
-
-From the Unix host, use a communications program such as @code{tip} or
-@code{cu} to communicate with the PC; for example,
-
-@example
-cu -s 9600 -l /dev/ttya
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The @code{cu} options shown specify, respectively, the linespeed and the
-serial port to use.  If you use @code{tip} instead, your command line
-may look something like the following:
-
-@example
-tip -9600 /dev/ttya
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Your system may require a different name where we show
-@file{/dev/ttya} as the argument to @code{tip}.  The communications
-parameters, including which port to use, are associated with the
-@code{tip} argument in the ``remote'' descriptions file---normally the
-system table @file{/etc/remote}.
-@c FIXME: What if anything needs doing to match the "n,8,1,none" part of
-@c the DOS side's comms setup?  cu can support -o (odd
-@c parity), -e (even parity)---apparently no settings for no parity or
-@c for character size.  Taken from stty maybe...?  John points out tip
-@c can set these as internal variables, eg ~s parity=none; man stty
-@c suggests that it *might* work to stty these options with stdin or
-@c stdout redirected... ---pesch@cygnus.com, 25feb91
-
-@kindex EBMON
-Using the @code{tip} or @code{cu} connection, change the DOS working
-directory to the directory containing a copy of your 29K program, then
-start the PC program @code{EBMON} (an EB29K control program supplied
-with your board by AMD).  You should see an initial display from
-@code{EBMON} similar to the one that follows, ending with the
-@code{EBMON} prompt @samp{#}---
-
-@example
-C:\> G:
-
-G:\> CD \usr\joe\work29k
-
-G:\USR\JOE\WORK29K> EBMON
-Am29000 PC Coprocessor Board Monitor, version 3.0-18
-Copyright 1990 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
-Written by Gibbons and Associates, Inc.
-
-Enter '?' or 'H' for help
-
-PC Coprocessor Type   = EB29K
-I/O Base              = 0x208
-Memory Base           = 0xd0000
-
-Data Memory Size      = 2048KB
-Available I-RAM Range = 0x8000 to 0x1fffff
-Available D-RAM Range = 0x80002000 to 0x801fffff
-
-PageSize              = 0x400
-Register Stack Size   = 0x800
-Memory Stack Size     = 0x1800
-
-CPU PRL               = 0x3
-Am29027 Available     = No
-Byte Write Available  = Yes
-
-# ~.
-@end example
-
-Then exit the @code{cu} or @code{tip} program (done in the example by
-typing @code{~.} at the @code{EBMON} prompt).  @code{EBMON} keeps
-running, ready for @value{GDBN} to take over.
-
-For this example, we've assumed what is probably the most convenient
-way to make sure the same 29K program is on both the PC and the Unix
-system: a PC/NFS connection that establishes ``drive @code{G:}'' on the
-PC as a file system on the Unix host.  If you do not have PC/NFS or
-something similar connecting the two systems, you must arrange some
-other way---perhaps floppy-disk transfer---of getting the 29K program
-from the Unix system to the PC; @value{GDBN} does @emph{not} download it over the
-serial line.
-
-@node gdb-EB29K
-@subsubsection EB29K cross-debugging
-
-Finally, @code{cd} to the directory containing an image of your 29K
-program on the Unix system, and start @value{GDBN}---specifying as argument the
-name of your 29K program:
-
-@example
-cd /usr/joe/work29k
-@value{GDBP} myfoo
-@end example
-
-@need 500
-Now you can use the @code{target} command:
-
-@example
-target amd-eb /dev/ttya 9600 MYFOO
-@c FIXME: test above 'target amd-eb' as spelled, with caps!  caps are meant to
-@c emphasize that this is the name as seen by DOS (since I think DOS is
-@c single-minded about case of letters).  ---pesch@cygnus.com, 25feb91
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-In this example, we've assumed your program is in a file called
-@file{myfoo}.  Note that the filename given as the last argument to
-@code{target amd-eb} should be the name of the program as it appears to DOS.
-In our example this is simply @code{MYFOO}, but in general it can include
-a DOS path, and depending on your transfer mechanism may not resemble
-the name on the Unix side.
-
-At this point, you can set any breakpoints you wish; when you are ready
-to see your program run on the 29K board, use the @value{GDBN} command
-@code{run}.
-
-To stop debugging the remote program, use the @value{GDBN} @code{detach}
-command.
-
-To return control of the PC to its console, use @code{tip} or @code{cu}
-once again, after your @value{GDBN} session has concluded, to attach to
-@code{EBMON}.  You can then type the command @code{q} to shut down
-@code{EBMON}, returning control to the DOS command-line interpreter.
-Type @code{CTTY con} to return command input to the main DOS console,
-and type @kbd{~.} to leave @code{tip} or @code{cu}.
-
-@node Remote Log
-@subsubsection Remote log
-@kindex eb.log
-@cindex log file for EB29K
-
-The @code{target amd-eb} command creates a file @file{eb.log} in the
-current working directory, to help debug problems with the connection.
-@file{eb.log} records all the output from @code{EBMON}, including echoes
-of the commands sent to it.  Running @samp{tail -f} on this file in
-another window often helps to understand trouble with @code{EBMON}, or
-unexpected events on the PC side of the connection.
-
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset ST2000
-@node ST2000 Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000
-
-To connect your ST2000 to the host system, see the manufacturer's
-manual.  Once the ST2000 is physically attached, you can run
-
-@example
-target st2000 @var{dev} @var{speed}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-to establish it as your debugging environment.  @var{dev} is normally
-the name of a serial device, such as @file{/dev/ttya}, connected to the
-ST2000 via a serial line.  You can instead specify @var{dev} as a TCP
-connection (for example, to a serial line attached via a terminal
-concentrator) using the syntax @code{@var{hostname}:@var{portnumber}}.
-
-The @code{load} and @code{attach} commands are @emph{not} defined for
-this target; you must load your program into the ST2000 as you normally
-would for standalone operation.  @value{GDBN} reads debugging information
-(such as symbols) from a separate, debugging version of the program
-available on your host computer.
-@c FIXME!! This is terribly vague; what little content is here is
-@c basically hearsay.
-
-@cindex ST2000 auxiliary commands
-These auxiliary @value{GDBN} commands are available to help you with the ST2000
-environment:
-
-@table @code
-@item st2000 @var{command}
-@kindex st2000 @var{cmd}
-@cindex STDBUG commands (ST2000)
-@cindex commands to STDBUG (ST2000)
-Send a @var{command} to the STDBUG monitor.  See the manufacturer's
-manual for available commands.
-
-@item connect
-@cindex connect (to STDBUG)
-Connect the controlling terminal to the STDBUG command monitor.  When
-you are done interacting with STDBUG, typing either of two character
-sequences gets you back to the @value{GDBN} command prompt:
-@kbd{@key{RET}~.} (Return, followed by tilde and period) or
-@kbd{@key{RET}~@key{C-d}} (Return, followed by tilde and control-D).
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset VXWORKS
-@node VxWorks Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} and VxWorks
-@cindex VxWorks
-
-@value{GDBN} enables developers to spawn and debug tasks running on networked
-VxWorks targets from a Unix host.  Already-running tasks spawned from
-the VxWorks shell can also be debugged.  @value{GDBN} uses code that runs on
-both the Unix host and on the VxWorks target.  The program
-@code{gdb} is installed and executed on the Unix host.  (It may be
-installed with the name @code{vxgdb}, to distinguish it from a
-@value{GDBN} for debugging programs on the host itself.)
-
-The following information on connecting to VxWorks was current when
-this manual was produced; newer releases of VxWorks may use revised
-procedures.
-
-@kindex INCLUDE_RDB
-To use @value{GDBN} with VxWorks, you must rebuild your VxWorks kernel
-to include the remote debugging interface routines in the VxWorks
-library @file{rdb.a}.  To do this, define @code{INCLUDE_RDB} in the
-VxWorks configuration file @file{configAll.h} and rebuild your VxWorks
-kernel.  The resulting kernel contains @file{rdb.a}, and spawns the
-source debugging task @code{tRdbTask} when VxWorks is booted.  For more
-information on configuring and remaking VxWorks, see the manufacturer's
-manual.
-@c VxWorks, see the @cite{VxWorks Programmer's Guide}.
-
-Once you have included @file{rdb.a} in your VxWorks system image and set
-your Unix execution search path to find @value{GDBN}, you are ready to
-run @value{GDBN}.  From your Unix host, run @code{gdb} (or @code{vxgdb},
-depending on your installation).
-
-@value{GDBN} comes up showing the prompt:
-
-@example
-(vxgdb)
-@end example
-
-@menu
-* VxWorks Connection::          Connecting to VxWorks
-* VxWorks Download::            VxWorks download
-* VxWorks Attach::              Running tasks
-@end menu
-
-@node VxWorks Connection
-@subsubsection Connecting to VxWorks
-
-The @value{GDBN} command @code{target} lets you connect to a VxWorks target on the
-network.  To connect to a target whose host name is ``@code{tt}'', type:
-
-@example
-(vxgdb) target vxworks tt
-@end example
-
-@need 750
-@value{GDBN} displays messages like these:
-
-@smallexample
-Attaching remote machine across net... 
-Connected to tt.
-@end smallexample
-
-@need 1000
-@value{GDBN} then attempts to read the symbol tables of any object modules
-loaded into the VxWorks target since it was last booted.  @value{GDBN} locates
-these files by searching the directories listed in the command search
-path (@pxref{Environment, ,Your program's environment}); if it fails
-to find an object file, it displays a message such as:
-
-@example
-prog.o: No such file or directory.
-@end example
-
-When this happens, add the appropriate directory to the search path with
-the @value{GDBN} command @code{path}, and execute the @code{target}
-command again.
-
-@node VxWorks Download
-@subsubsection VxWorks download
-
-@cindex download to VxWorks
-If you have connected to the VxWorks target and you want to debug an
-object that has not yet been loaded, you can use the @value{GDBN}
-@code{load} command to download a file from Unix to VxWorks
-incrementally.  The object file given as an argument to the @code{load}
-command is actually opened twice: first by the VxWorks target in order
-to download the code, then by @value{GDBN} in order to read the symbol
-table.  This can lead to problems if the current working directories on
-the two systems differ.  If both systems have NFS mounted the same
-filesystems, you can avoid these problems by using absolute paths.
-Otherwise, it is simplest to set the working directory on both systems
-to the directory in which the object file resides, and then to reference
-the file by its name, without any path.  For instance, a program
-@file{prog.o} may reside in @file{@var{vxpath}/vw/demo/rdb} in VxWorks
-and in @file{@var{hostpath}/vw/demo/rdb} on the host.  To load this
-program, type this on VxWorks:
-
-@example
--> cd "@var{vxpath}/vw/demo/rdb"
-@end example
-
-Then, in @value{GDBN}, type:
-
-@example
-(vxgdb) cd @var{hostpath}/vw/demo/rdb 
-(vxgdb) load prog.o
-@end example
-
-@value{GDBN} displays a response similar to this:
-
-@smallexample
-Reading symbol data from wherever/vw/demo/rdb/prog.o... done.
-@end smallexample
-
-You can also use the @code{load} command to reload an object module
-after editing and recompiling the corresponding source file.  Note that
-this makes @value{GDBN} delete all currently-defined breakpoints,
-auto-displays, and convenience variables, and to clear the value
-history.  (This is necessary in order to preserve the integrity of
-debugger data structures that reference the target system's symbol
-table.)
-
-@node VxWorks Attach
-@subsubsection Running tasks
-
-@cindex running VxWorks tasks
-You can also attach to an existing task using the @code{attach} command as
-follows:
-
-@example
-(vxgdb) attach @var{task}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-where @var{task} is the VxWorks hexadecimal task ID.  The task can be running
-or suspended when you attach to it.  Running tasks are suspended at
-the time of attachment.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset H8
-@node Hitachi Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} and Hitachi microprocessors
-@value{GDBN} needs to know these things to talk to your
-Hitachi SH, H8/300, or H8/500: 
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-that you want to use @samp{target hms}, the remote debugging interface
-for Hitachi microprocessors, or @samp{target e7000}, the in-circuit
-emulator for the Hitachi SH and the Hitachi 300H.  (@samp{target hms} is
-the default when GDB is configured specifically for the Hitachi SH,
-H8/300, or H8/500.)
-
-@item
-what serial device connects your host to your Hitachi board (the first
-serial device available on your host is the default).
-
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@c this is only for Unix hosts, not of interest to Hitachi
-@item
-what speed to use over the serial device.
-@end ifclear
-@end enumerate
-
-@menu
-* Hitachi Boards::      Connecting to Hitachi boards.
-* Hitachi ICE::         Using the E7000 In-Circuit Emulator.
-* Hitachi Special::     Special @value{GDBN} commands for Hitachi micros.
-@end menu
-
-@node Hitachi Boards
-@subsubsection Connecting to Hitachi boards
-
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@c only for Unix hosts
-@kindex device
-@cindex serial device, Hitachi micros
-Use the special @code{@value{GDBP}} command @samp{device @var{port}} if you
-need to explicitly set the serial device.  The default @var{port} is the
-first available port on your host.  This is only necessary on Unix
-hosts, where it is typically something like @file{/dev/ttya}.
-
-@kindex speed
-@cindex serial line speed, Hitachi micros
-@code{@value{GDBP}} has another special command to set the communications
-speed: @samp{speed @var{bps}}.  This command also is only used from Unix
-hosts; on DOS hosts, set the line speed as usual from outside GDB with
-the DOS @kbd{mode} command (for instance, @w{@samp{mode
-com2:9600,n,8,1,p}} for a 9600 bps connection).
-
-The @samp{device} and @samp{speed} commands are available only when you
-use a Unix host to debug your Hitachi microprocessor programs.  If you
-use a DOS host,
-@end ifclear
-@value{GDBN} depends on an auxiliary terminate-and-stay-resident program
-called @code{asynctsr} to communicate with the development board
-through a PC serial port.  You must also use the DOS @code{mode} command
-to set up the serial port on the DOS side.
-
-@ifset DOSHOST
-The following sample session illustrates the steps needed to start a
-program under @value{GDBN} control on an H8/300.  The example uses a
-sample H8/300 program called @file{t.x}.  The procedure is the same for
-the Hitachi SH and the H8/500.
-
-First hook up your development board.  In this example, we use a
-board attached to serial port @code{COM2}; if you use a different serial
-port, substitute its name in the argument of the @code{mode} command.
-When you call @code{asynctsr}, the auxiliary comms program used by the
-degugger, you give it just the numeric part of the serial port's name;
-for example, @samp{asyncstr 2} below runs @code{asyncstr} on
-@code{COM2}.
-
-@example
-(eg-C:\H8300\TEST) mode com2:9600,n,8,1,p
-
-Resident portion of MODE loaded
-
-COM2: 9600, n, 8, 1, p
-
-(eg-C:\H8300\TEST) asynctsr 2
-@end example
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} We have noticed a bug in PC-NFS that conflicts with
-@code{asynctsr}.  If you also run PC-NFS on your DOS host, you may need to
-disable it, or even boot without it, to use @code{asynctsr} to control
-your development board.
-@end quotation
-
-@kindex target hms
-Now that serial communications are set up, and the development board is
-connected, you can start up @value{GDBN}.  Call @code{@value{GDBP}} with
-the name of your program as the argument.  @code{@value{GDBP}} prompts
-you, as usual, with the prompt @samp{(@value{GDBP})}.  Use two special
-commands to begin your debugging session: @samp{target hms} to specify
-cross-debugging to the Hitachi board, and the @code{load} command to
-download your program to the board.  @code{load} displays the names of
-the program's sections, and a @samp{*} for each 2K of data downloaded.
-(If you want to refresh @value{GDBN} data on symbols or on the
-executable file without downloading, use the @value{GDBN} commands
-@code{file} or @code{symbol-file}.  These commands, and @code{load}
-itself, are described in @ref{Files,,Commands to specify files}.)
-
-@smallexample
-(eg-C:\H8300\TEST) @value{GDBP} t.x
-GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies
- of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see 
- the conditions.
-There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" 
-for details.
-GDB @value{GDBVN}, Copyright 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc...
-(gdb) target hms
-Connected to remote H8/300 HMS system.
-(gdb) load t.x
-.text   : 0x8000 .. 0xabde ***********
-.data   : 0xabde .. 0xad30 *
-.stack  : 0xf000 .. 0xf014 *
-@end smallexample
-
-At this point, you're ready to run or debug your program.  From here on,
-you can use all the usual @value{GDBN} commands.  The @code{break} command
-sets breakpoints; the @code{run} command starts your program;
-@code{print} or @code{x} display data; the @code{continue} command
-resumes execution after stopping at a breakpoint.  You can use the
-@code{help} command at any time to find out more about @value{GDBN} commands.
-
-Remember, however, that @emph{operating system} facilities aren't
-available on your development board; for example, if your program hangs,
-you can't send an interrupt---but you can press the @sc{reset} switch!
-
-Use the @sc{reset} button on the development board
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-to interrupt your program (don't use @kbd{ctl-C} on the DOS host---it has
-no way to pass an interrupt signal to the development board); and
-
-@item
-to return to the @value{GDBN} command prompt after your program finishes
-normally.  The communications protocol provides no other way for @value{GDBN}
-to detect program completion.
-@end itemize
-
-In either case, @value{GDBN} sees the effect of a @sc{reset} on the
-development board as a ``normal exit'' of your program.
-@end ifset
-
-@node Hitachi ICE
-@subsubsection Using the E7000 in-circuit emulator
-
-@kindex target e7000
-You can use the E7000 in-circuit emulator to develop code for either the
-Hitachi SH or the H8/300H.  Use one of these forms of the @samp{target
-e7000} command to connect @value{GDBN} to your E7000:
-
-@table @code
-@item target e7000 @var{port} @var{speed}
-Use this form if your E7000 is connected to a serial port.  The
-@var{port} argument identifies what serial port to use (for example,
-@samp{com2}).  The third argument is the line speed in bits per second
-(for example, @samp{9600}).
-
-@item target e7000 @var{hostname}
-If your E7000 is installed as a host on a TCP/IP network, you can just
-specify its hostname; @value{GDBN} uses @code{telnet} to connect.
-@end table
-
-@node Hitachi Special
-@subsubsection Special @value{GDBN} commands for Hitachi micros
-
-Some @value{GDBN} commands are available only on the H8/300 or the
-H8/500 configurations:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set machine
-@kindex show machine
-@item set machine h8300
-@itemx set machine h8300h
-Condition @value{GDBN} for one of the two variants of the H8/300
-architecture with @samp{set machine}.  You can use @samp{show machine}
-to check which variant is currently in effect.
-
-@kindex set memory @var{mod}
-@cindex memory models, H8/500
-@item set memory @var{mod}
-@itemx show memory
-Specify which H8/500 memory model (@var{mod}) you are using with
-@samp{set memory}; check which memory model is in effect with @samp{show
-memory}.  The accepted values for @var{mod} are @code{small},
-@code{big}, @code{medium}, and @code{compact}.
-@end table
-
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset MIPS
-@node MIPS Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} and remote MIPS boards
-
-@cindex MIPS boards
-@value{GDBN} can use the MIPS remote debugging protocol to talk to a
-MIPS board attached to a serial line.  This is available when
-you configure @value{GDBN} with @samp{--target=mips-idt-ecoff}.
-
-@need 1000
-Use these @value{GDBN} commands to specify the connection to your target board:
-
-@table @code
-@item target mips @var{port}
-@kindex target mips @var{port}
-To run a program on the board, start up @code{@value{GDBP}} with the
-name of your program as the argument.  To connect to the board, use the
-command @samp{target mips @var{port}}, where @var{port} is the name of
-the serial port connected to the board.  If the program has not already
-been downloaded to the board, you may use the @code{load} command to
-download it.  You can then use all the usual @value{GDBN} commands.
-
-For example, this sequence connects to the target board through a serial
-port, and loads and runs a program called @var{prog} through the
-debugger:
-
-@example
-host$ @value{GDBP} @var{prog}
-GDB is free software and @dots{}
-(gdb) target mips /dev/ttyb
-(gdb) load @var{prog}
-(gdb) run
-@end example
-
-@item target mips @var{hostname}:@var{portnumber}
-On some @value{GDBN} host configurations, you can specify a TCP
-connection (for instance, to a serial line managed by a terminal
-concentrator) instead of a serial port, using the syntax
-@samp{@var{hostname}:@var{portnumber}}.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-@value{GDBN} also supports these special commands for MIPS targets:
-
-@table @code
-@item set mipsfpu off
-@itemx show mipsfpu
-@kindex set mipsfpu off
-@kindex show mipsfpu
-@cindex MIPS remote floating point
-@cindex floating point, MIPS remote
-If your target board does not support the MIPS floating point
-coprocessor, you should use the command @samp{set mipsfpu off} (if you
-need this, you may wish to put the command in your @value{GDBINIT}
-file).  This tells @value{GDBN} how to find the return value of
-functions which return floating point values.  It also allows
-@value{GDBN} to avoid saving the floating point registers when calling
-functions on the board.  (As usual, you can inquire about the
-@code{mipsfpu} variable with @samp{show mipsfpu}.)
-
-@item set remotedebug @var{n}
-@itemx show remotedebug
-@kindex set remotedebug
-@kindex show remotedebug
-@cindex @code{remotedebug}, MIPS protocol
-@cindex MIPS @code{remotedebug} protocol
-@c FIXME! For this to be useful, you must know something about the MIPS
-@c FIXME...protocol.  Where is it described?
-You can see some debugging information about communications with the board
-by setting the @code{remotedebug} variable.  If you set it to @code{1} using
-@samp{set remotedebug 1}, every packet is displayed.  If you set it
-to @code{2}, every character is displayed.  You can check the current value
-at any time with the command @samp{show remotedebug}.
-
-@item set timeout @var{seconds}
-@itemx set retransmit-timeout @var{seconds}
-@itemx show timeout
-@itemx show retransmit-timeout
-@cindex @code{timeout}, MIPS protocol
-@cindex @code{retransmit-timeout}, MIPS protocol
-@kindex set timeout
-@kindex show timeout
-@kindex set retransmit-timeout
-@kindex show retransmit-timeout
-You can control the timeout used while waiting for a packet, in the MIPS
-remote protocol, with the @code{set timeout @var{seconds}} command.  The
-default is 5 seconds.  Similarly, you can control the timeout used while
-waiting for an acknowledgement of a packet with the @code{set
-retransmit-timeout @var{seconds}} command.  The default is 3 seconds.
-You can inspect both values with @code{show timeout} and @code{show
-retransmit-timeout}.  (These commands are @emph{only} available when
-@value{GDBN} is configured for @samp{--target=mips-idt-ecoff}.)
-
-The timeout set by @code{set timeout} does not apply when @value{GDBN}
-is waiting for your program to stop.  In that case, @value{GDBN} waits
-forever because it has no way of knowing how long the program is going
-to run before stopping.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset SIMS
-@node Simulator
-@subsection Simulated CPU target
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-@cindex simulator
-@cindex simulator, Z8000
-@cindex Z8000 simulator
-@cindex simulator, H8/300 or H8/500
-@cindex H8/300 or H8/500 simulator
-@cindex simulator, Hitachi SH
-@cindex Hitachi SH simulator
-@cindex CPU simulator
-For some configurations, @value{GDBN} includes a CPU simulator that you
-can use instead of a hardware CPU to debug your programs.  Currently,
-a simulator is available when @value{GDBN} is configured to debug Zilog
-Z8000 or Hitachi microprocessor targets.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@ifset H8
-@cindex simulator, H8/300 or H8/500
-@cindex Hitachi H8/300 or H8/500 simulator
-@cindex simulator, Hitachi SH
-@cindex Hitachi SH simulator
-When configured for debugging Hitachi microprocessor targets,
-@value{GDBN} includes a CPU simulator for the target chip (a Hitachi SH,
-H8/300, or H8/500).
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset Z8K
-@cindex simulator, Z8000
-@cindex Zilog Z8000 simulator
-When configured for debugging Zilog Z8000 targets, @value{GDBN} includes
-a Z8000 simulator.
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset Z8K
-For the Z8000 family, @samp{target sim} simulates either the Z8002 (the
-unsegmented variant of the Z8000 architecture) or the Z8001 (the
-segmented variant).  The simulator recognizes which architecture is
-appropriate by inspecting the object code.
-@end ifset
-
-@table @code
-@item target sim
-@kindex sim
-@kindex target sim
-Debug programs on a simulated CPU 
-@ifset GENERIC
-(which CPU depends on the @value{GDBN} configuration)
-@end ifset
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-After specifying this target, you can debug programs for the simulated
-CPU in the same style as programs for your host computer; use the
-@code{file} command to load a new program image, the @code{run} command
-to run your program, and so on.
-
-As well as making available all the usual machine registers (see
-@code{info reg}), this debugging target provides three additional items
-of information as specially named registers:
-
-@table @code
-@item cycles
-Counts clock-ticks in the simulator.
-
-@item insts
-Counts instructions run in the simulator.
-
-@item time
-Execution time in 60ths of a second. 
-@end table
-
-You can refer to these values in @value{GDBN} expressions with the usual
-conventions; for example, @w{@samp{b fputc if $cycles>5000}} sets a
-conditional breakpoint that suspends only after at least 5000
-simulated clock ticks.
-@end ifset
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/stabs.texinfo b/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/stabs.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c8d4071a412..000000000000
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/doc/stabs.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4035 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo
-@setfilename stabs.info
-
-@c @finalout
-
-@ifinfo
-@format
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Stabs: (stabs).                 The "stabs" debugging information format.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-@end format
-@end ifinfo
-
-@ifinfo
-This document describes the stabs debugging symbol tables.
-
-Copyright 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Contributed by Cygnus Support.  Written by Julia Menapace, Jim Kingdon,
-and David MacKenzie.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy or distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the terms of the GPL (for which purpose this text may be
-regarded as a program in the language TeX).
-@end ifinfo
-
-@setchapternewpage odd
-@settitle STABS
-@titlepage
-@title The ``stabs'' debug format
-@author Julia Menapace, Jim Kingdon, David MacKenzie
-@author Cygnus Support
-@page
-@tex
-\def\$#1${{#1}}  % Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
-\xdef\manvers{\$Revision: 2.120 $}  % For use in headers, footers too
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill Cygnus Support\par
-\hfill \manvers\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-}
-@end tex
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Contributed by Cygnus Support.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@end titlepage
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top
-@top The "stabs" representation of debugging information
-
-This document describes the stabs debugging format.
-
-@menu
-* Overview::			Overview of stabs
-* Program Structure::		Encoding of the structure of the program
-* Constants::			Constants
-* Variables::
-* Types::			Type definitions
-* Symbol Tables::		Symbol information in symbol tables
-* Cplusplus::			Appendixes:
-* Stab Types::			Symbol types in a.out files
-* Symbol Descriptors::		Table of symbol descriptors
-* Type Descriptors::		Table of type descriptors
-* Expanded Reference::		Reference information by stab type
-* Questions::			Questions and anomolies
-* XCOFF Differences::		Differences between GNU stabs in a.out
-                                and GNU stabs in XCOFF
-* Sun Differences::		Differences between GNU stabs and Sun
-                                native stabs
-* Stab Sections::		In some object file formats, stabs are
-                                in sections.
-* Symbol Types Index::          Index of symbolic stab symbol type names.
-@end menu
-@end ifinfo
-
-
-@node Overview
-@chapter Overview of Stabs
-
-@dfn{Stabs} refers to a format for information that describes a program
-to a debugger.  This format was apparently invented by
-Peter Kessler at
-the University of California at Berkeley, for the @code{pdx} Pascal
-debugger; the format has spread widely since then.
-
-This document is one of the few published sources of documentation on
-stabs.  It is believed to be comprehensive for stabs used by C.  The
-lists of symbol descriptors (@pxref{Symbol Descriptors}) and type
-descriptors (@pxref{Type Descriptors}) are believed to be completely
-comprehensive.  Stabs for COBOL-specific features and for variant
-records (used by Pascal and Modula-2) are poorly documented here.
-
-@c FIXME: Need to document all OS9000 stuff in GDB; see all references
-@c to os9k_stabs in stabsread.c.
-
-Other sources of information on stabs are @cite{Dbx and Dbxtool
-Interfaces}, 2nd edition, by Sun, 1988, and @cite{AIX Version 3.2 Files
-Reference}, Fourth Edition, September 1992, "dbx Stabstring Grammar" in
-the a.out section, page 2-31.  This document is believed to incorporate
-the information from those two sources except where it explicitly directs
-you to them for more information.
-
-@menu
-* Flow::			Overview of debugging information flow
-* Stabs Format::		Overview of stab format
-* String Field::		The string field
-* C Example::			A simple example in C source
-* Assembly Code::		The simple example at the assembly level
-@end menu
-
-@node Flow
-@section Overview of Debugging Information Flow
-
-The GNU C compiler compiles C source in a @file{.c} file into assembly
-language in a @file{.s} file, which the assembler translates into
-a @file{.o} file, which the linker combines with other @file{.o} files and
-libraries to produce an executable file.
-
-With the @samp{-g} option, GCC puts in the @file{.s} file additional
-debugging information, which is slightly transformed by the assembler
-and linker, and carried through into the final executable.  This
-debugging information describes features of the source file like line
-numbers, the types and scopes of variables, and function names,
-parameters, and scopes.
-
-For some object file formats, the debugging information is encapsulated
-in assembler directives known collectively as @dfn{stab} (symbol table)
-directives, which are interspersed with the generated code.  Stabs are
-the native format for debugging information in the a.out and XCOFF
-object file formats.  The GNU tools can also emit stabs in the COFF and
-ECOFF object file formats.
-
-The assembler adds the information from stabs to the symbol information
-it places by default in the symbol table and the string table of the
-@file{.o} file it is building.  The linker consolidates the @file{.o}
-files into one executable file, with one symbol table and one string
-table.  Debuggers use the symbol and string tables in the executable as
-a source of debugging information about the program.
-
-@node Stabs Format
-@section Overview of Stab Format
-
-There are three overall formats for stab assembler directives,
-differentiated by the first word of the stab.  The name of the directive
-describes which combination of four possible data fields follows.  It is
-either @code{.stabs} (string), @code{.stabn} (number), or @code{.stabd}
-(dot).  IBM's XCOFF assembler uses @code{.stabx} (and some other
-directives such as @code{.file} and @code{.bi}) instead of
-@code{.stabs}, @code{.stabn} or @code{.stabd}.
-
-The overall format of each class of stab is:
-
-@example
-.stabs "@var{string}",@var{type},@var{other},@var{desc},@var{value}
-.stabn @var{type},@var{other},@var{desc},@var{value}
-.stabd @var{type},@var{other},@var{desc}
-.stabx "@var{string}",@var{value},@var{type},@var{sdb-type}
-@end example
-
-@c what is the correct term for "current file location"?  My AIX
-@c assembler manual calls it "the value of the current location counter".
-For @code{.stabn} and @code{.stabd}, there is no @var{string} (the
-@code{n_strx} field is zero; see @ref{Symbol Tables}).  For
-@code{.stabd}, the @var{value} field is implicit and has the value of
-the current file location.  For @code{.stabx}, the @var{sdb-type} field
-is unused for stabs and can always be set to zero.  The @var{other}
-field is almost always unused and can be set to zero.
-
-The number in the @var{type} field gives some basic information about
-which type of stab this is (or whether it @emph{is} a stab, as opposed
-to an ordinary symbol).  Each valid type number defines a different stab
-type; further, the stab type defines the exact interpretation of, and
-possible values for, any remaining @var{string}, @var{desc}, or
-@var{value} fields present in the stab.  @xref{Stab Types}, for a list
-in numeric order of the valid @var{type} field values for stab directives.
-
-@node String Field
-@section The String Field
-
-For most stabs the string field holds the meat of the
-debugging information.  The flexible nature of this field
-is what makes stabs extensible.  For some stab types the string field
-contains only a name.  For other stab types the contents can be a great
-deal more complex.
-
-The overall format of the string field for most stab types is:
-
-@example
-"@var{name}:@var{symbol-descriptor} @var{type-information}"
-@end example
-
-@var{name} is the name of the symbol represented by the stab; it can
-contain a pair of colons (@pxref{Nested Symbols}).  @var{name} can be
-omitted, which means the stab represents an unnamed object.  For
-example, @samp{:t10=*2} defines type 10 as a pointer to type 2, but does
-not give the type a name.  Omitting the @var{name} field is supported by
-AIX dbx and GDB after about version 4.8, but not other debuggers.  GCC
-sometimes uses a single space as the name instead of omitting the name
-altogether; apparently that is supported by most debuggers.
-
-The @var{symbol-descriptor} following the @samp{:} is an alphabetic
-character that tells more specifically what kind of symbol the stab
-represents. If the @var{symbol-descriptor} is omitted, but type
-information follows, then the stab represents a local variable.  For a
-list of symbol descriptors, see @ref{Symbol Descriptors}.  The @samp{c}
-symbol descriptor is an exception in that it is not followed by type
-information.  @xref{Constants}.
-
-@var{type-information} is either a @var{type-number}, or
-@samp{@var{type-number}=}.  A @var{type-number} alone is a type
-reference, referring directly to a type that has already been defined.
-
-The @samp{@var{type-number}=} form is a type definition, where the
-number represents a new type which is about to be defined.  The type
-definition may refer to other types by number, and those type numbers
-may be followed by @samp{=} and nested definitions.  Also, the Lucid
-compiler will repeat @samp{@var{type-number}=} more than once if it
-wants to define several type numbers at once.
-
-In a type definition, if the character that follows the equals sign is
-non-numeric then it is a @var{type-descriptor}, and tells what kind of
-type is about to be defined.  Any other values following the
-@var{type-descriptor} vary, depending on the @var{type-descriptor}.
-@xref{Type Descriptors}, for a list of @var{type-descriptor} values.  If
-a number follows the @samp{=} then the number is a @var{type-reference}.
-For a full description of types, @ref{Types}.
-
-There is an AIX extension for type attributes.  Following the @samp{=}
-are any number of type attributes.  Each one starts with @samp{@@} and
-ends with @samp{;}.  Debuggers, including AIX's dbx and GDB 4.10, skip
-any type attributes they do not recognize.  GDB 4.9 and other versions
-of dbx may not do this.  Because of a conflict with C++
-(@pxref{Cplusplus}), new attributes should not be defined which begin
-with a digit, @samp{(}, or @samp{-}; GDB may be unable to distinguish
-those from the C++ type descriptor @samp{@@}.  The attributes are:
-
-@table @code
-@item a@var{boundary}
-@var{boundary} is an integer specifying the alignment.  I assume it
-applies to all variables of this type.
-
-@item p@var{integer}
-Pointer class (for checking).  Not sure what this means, or how
-@var{integer} is interpreted.
-
-@item P
-Indicate this is a packed type, meaning that structure fields or array
-elements are placed more closely in memory, to save memory at the
-expense of speed.
-
-@item s@var{size}
-Size in bits of a variable of this type.  This is fully supported by GDB
-4.11 and later.
-
-@item S
-Indicate that this type is a string instead of an array of characters,
-or a bitstring instead of a set.  It doesn't change the layout of the
-data being represented, but does enable the debugger to know which type
-it is.
-@end table
-
-All of this can make the string field quite long.  All versions of GDB,
-and some versions of dbx, can handle arbitrarily long strings.  But many
-versions of dbx (or assemblers or linkers, I'm not sure which)
-cretinously limit the strings to about 80 characters, so compilers which
-must work with such systems need to split the @code{.stabs} directive
-into several @code{.stabs} directives.  Each stab duplicates every field
-except the string field.  The string field of every stab except the last
-is marked as continued with a backslash at the end (in the assembly code
-this may be written as a double backslash, depending on the assembler).
-Removing the backslashes and concatenating the string fields of each
-stab produces the original, long string.  Just to be incompatible (or so
-they don't have to worry about what the assembler does with
-backslashes), AIX can use @samp{?} instead of backslash.
-
-@node C Example
-@section A Simple Example in C Source
-
-To get the flavor of how stabs describe source information for a C
-program, let's look at the simple program:
-
-@example
-main()
-@{
-        printf("Hello world");
-@}
-@end example
-
-When compiled with @samp{-g}, the program above yields the following
-@file{.s} file.  Line numbers have been added to make it easier to refer
-to parts of the @file{.s} file in the description of the stabs that
-follows.
-
-@node Assembly Code
-@section The Simple Example at the Assembly Level
-
-This simple ``hello world'' example demonstrates several of the stab
-types used to describe C language source files.
-
-@example
-1  gcc2_compiled.:
-2  .stabs "/cygint/s1/users/jcm/play/",100,0,0,Ltext0
-3  .stabs "hello.c",100,0,0,Ltext0
-4  .text
-5  Ltext0:
-6  .stabs "int:t1=r1;-2147483648;2147483647;",128,0,0,0
-7  .stabs "char:t2=r2;0;127;",128,0,0,0
-8  .stabs "long int:t3=r1;-2147483648;2147483647;",128,0,0,0
-9  .stabs "unsigned int:t4=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-10 .stabs "long unsigned int:t5=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-11 .stabs "short int:t6=r1;-32768;32767;",128,0,0,0
-12 .stabs "long long int:t7=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-13 .stabs "short unsigned int:t8=r1;0;65535;",128,0,0,0
-14 .stabs "long long unsigned int:t9=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-15 .stabs "signed char:t10=r1;-128;127;",128,0,0,0
-16 .stabs "unsigned char:t11=r1;0;255;",128,0,0,0
-17 .stabs "float:t12=r1;4;0;",128,0,0,0
-18 .stabs "double:t13=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
-19 .stabs "long double:t14=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
-20 .stabs "void:t15=15",128,0,0,0
-21      .align 4
-22 LC0:
-23      .ascii "Hello, world!\12\0"
-24      .align 4
-25      .global _main
-26      .proc 1
-27 _main:
-28 .stabn 68,0,4,LM1
-29 LM1:
-30      !#PROLOGUE# 0
-31      save %sp,-136,%sp
-32      !#PROLOGUE# 1
-33      call ___main,0
-34      nop
-35 .stabn 68,0,5,LM2
-36 LM2:
-37 LBB2:
-38      sethi %hi(LC0),%o1
-39      or %o1,%lo(LC0),%o0
-40      call _printf,0
-41      nop
-42 .stabn 68,0,6,LM3
-43 LM3:
-44 LBE2:
-45 .stabn 68,0,6,LM4
-46 LM4:
-47 L1:
-48      ret
-49      restore
-50 .stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main
-51 .stabn 192,0,0,LBB2
-52 .stabn 224,0,0,LBE2
-@end example
-
-@node Program Structure
-@chapter Encoding the Structure of the Program
-
-The elements of the program structure that stabs encode include the name
-of the main function, the names of the source and include files, the
-line numbers, procedure names and types, and the beginnings and ends of
-blocks of code.
-
-@menu
-* Main Program::		Indicate what the main program is
-* Source Files::		The path and name of the source file
-* Include Files::               Names of include files
-* Line Numbers::
-* Procedures::
-* Nested Procedures::
-* Block Structure::
-* Alternate Entry Points::      Entering procedures except at the beginning.
-@end menu
-
-@node Main Program
-@section Main Program
-
-@findex N_MAIN
-Most languages allow the main program to have any name.  The
-@code{N_MAIN} stab type tells the debugger the name that is used in this
-program.  Only the string field is significant; it is the name of
-a function which is the main program.  Most C compilers do not use this
-stab (they expect the debugger to assume that the name is @code{main}),
-but some C compilers emit an @code{N_MAIN} stab for the @code{main}
-function.
-
-@node Source Files
-@section Paths and Names of the Source Files
-
-@findex N_SO
-Before any other stabs occur, there must be a stab specifying the source
-file.  This information is contained in a symbol of stab type
-@code{N_SO}; the string field contains the name of the file.  The
-value of the symbol is the start address of the portion of the
-text section corresponding to that file.
-
-With the Sun Solaris2 compiler, the desc field contains a
-source-language code.
-@c Do the debuggers use it?  What are the codes? -djm
-
-Some compilers (for example, GCC2 and SunOS4 @file{/bin/cc}) also
-include the directory in which the source was compiled, in a second
-@code{N_SO} symbol preceding the one containing the file name.  This
-symbol can be distinguished by the fact that it ends in a slash.  Code
-from the @code{cfront} C++ compiler can have additional @code{N_SO} symbols for
-nonexistent source files after the @code{N_SO} for the real source file;
-these are believed to contain no useful information.
-
-For example:
-
-@example
-.stabs "/cygint/s1/users/jcm/play/",100,0,0,Ltext0     # @r{100 is N_SO}
-.stabs "hello.c",100,0,0,Ltext0
-        .text
-Ltext0:
-@end example
-
-Instead of @code{N_SO} symbols, XCOFF uses a @code{.file} assembler
-directive which assembles to a standard COFF @code{.file} symbol;
-explaining this in detail is outside the scope of this document.
-
-@node Include Files
-@section Names of Include Files
-
-There are several schemes for dealing with include files: the
-traditional @code{N_SOL} approach, Sun's @code{N_BINCL} approach, and the
-XCOFF @code{C_BINCL} approach (which despite the similar name has little in
-common with @code{N_BINCL}).
-
-@findex N_SOL
-An @code{N_SOL} symbol specifies which include file subsequent symbols
-refer to.  The string field is the name of the file and the value is the
-text address corresponding to the end of the previous include file and
-the start of this one.  To specify the main source file again, use an
-@code{N_SOL} symbol with the name of the main source file.
-
-@findex N_BINCL
-@findex N_EINCL
-@findex N_EXCL
-The @code{N_BINCL} approach works as follows.  An @code{N_BINCL} symbol
-specifies the start of an include file.  In an object file, only the
-string is significant; the Sun linker puts data into some of the
-other fields.  The end of the include file is marked by an
-@code{N_EINCL} symbol (which has no string field).  In an object
-file, there is no significant data in the @code{N_EINCL} symbol; the Sun
-linker puts data into some of the fields.  @code{N_BINCL} and
-@code{N_EINCL} can be nested.
-
-If the linker detects that two source files have identical stabs between
-an @code{N_BINCL} and @code{N_EINCL} pair (as will generally be the case
-for a header file), then it only puts out the stabs once.  Each
-additional occurance is replaced by an @code{N_EXCL} symbol.  I believe
-the Sun (SunOS4, not sure about Solaris) linker is the only one which
-supports this feature.
-@c What do the fields of N_EXCL contain? -djm
-
-@findex C_BINCL
-@findex C_EINCL
-For the start of an include file in XCOFF, use the @file{.bi} assembler
-directive, which generates a @code{C_BINCL} symbol.  A @file{.ei}
-directive, which generates a @code{C_EINCL} symbol, denotes the end of
-the include file.  Both directives are followed by the name of the
-source file in quotes, which becomes the string for the symbol.
-The value of each symbol, produced automatically by the assembler
-and linker, is the offset into the executable of the beginning
-(inclusive, as you'd expect) or end (inclusive, as you would not expect)
-of the portion of the COFF line table that corresponds to this include
-file.  @code{C_BINCL} and @code{C_EINCL} do not nest.
-
-@node Line Numbers
-@section Line Numbers
-
-@findex N_SLINE
-An @code{N_SLINE} symbol represents the start of a source line.  The
-desc field contains the line number and the value contains the code
-address for the start of that source line.  On most machines the address
-is absolute; for stabs in sections (@pxref{Stab Sections}), it is
-relative to the function in which the @code{N_SLINE} symbol occurs.
-
-@findex N_DSLINE
-@findex N_BSLINE
-GNU documents @code{N_DSLINE} and @code{N_BSLINE} symbols for line
-numbers in the data or bss segments, respectively.  They are identical
-to @code{N_SLINE} but are relocated differently by the linker.  They
-were intended to be used to describe the source location of a variable
-declaration, but I believe that GCC2 actually puts the line number in
-the desc field of the stab for the variable itself.  GDB has been
-ignoring these symbols (unless they contain a string field) since
-at least GDB 3.5.
-
-For single source lines that generate discontiguous code, such as flow
-of control statements, there may be more than one line number entry for
-the same source line.  In this case there is a line number entry at the
-start of each code range, each with the same line number.
-
-XCOFF does not use stabs for line numbers.  Instead, it uses COFF line
-numbers (which are outside the scope of this document).  Standard COFF
-line numbers cannot deal with include files, but in XCOFF this is fixed
-with the @code{C_BINCL} method of marking include files (@pxref{Include
-Files}).
-
-@node Procedures
-@section Procedures
-
-@findex N_FUN, for functions
-@findex N_FNAME
-@findex N_STSYM, for functions (Sun acc)
-@findex N_GSYM, for functions (Sun acc)
-All of the following stabs normally use the @code{N_FUN} symbol type.
-However, Sun's @code{acc} compiler on SunOS4 uses @code{N_GSYM} and
-@code{N_STSYM}, which means that the value of the stab for the function
-is useless and the debugger must get the address of the function from
-the non-stab symbols instead.  BSD Fortran is said to use @code{N_FNAME}
-with the same restriction; the value of the symbol is not useful (I'm
-not sure it really does use this, because GDB doesn't handle this and no
-one has complained).
-
-A function is represented by an @samp{F} symbol descriptor for a global
-(extern) function, and @samp{f} for a static (local) function.  The
-value is the address of the start of the function.  For a.out, it
-is already relocated.  For stabs in ELF, the SunPRO compiler version
-2.0.1 and GCC put out an address which gets relocated by the linker.  In
-a future release SunPRO is planning to put out zero, in which case the
-address can be found from the ELF (non-stab) symbol.  Because looking
-things up in the ELF symbols would probably be slow, I'm not sure how to
-find which symbol of that name is the right one, and this doesn't
-provide any way to deal with nested functions, it would probably be
-better to make the value of the stab an address relative to the start of
-the file, or just absolute.  See @ref{ELF Linker Relocation} for more
-information on linker relocation of stabs in ELF files.
-
-The type information of the stab represents the return type of the
-function; thus @samp{foo:f5} means that foo is a function returning type
-5.  There is no need to try to get the line number of the start of the
-function from the stab for the function; it is in the next
-@code{N_SLINE} symbol.
-
-@c FIXME: verify whether the "I suspect" below is true or not.
-Some compilers (such as Sun's Solaris compiler) support an extension for
-specifying the types of the arguments.  I suspect this extension is not
-used for old (non-prototyped) function definitions in C.  If the
-extension is in use, the type information of the stab for the function
-is followed by type information for each argument, with each argument
-preceded by @samp{;}.  An argument type of 0 means that additional
-arguments are being passed, whose types and number may vary (@samp{...}
-in ANSI C).  GDB has tolerated this extension (parsed the syntax, if not
-necessarily used the information) since at least version 4.8; I don't
-know whether all versions of dbx tolerate it.  The argument types given
-here are not redundant with the symbols for the formal parameters
-(@pxref{Parameters}); they are the types of the arguments as they are
-passed, before any conversions might take place.  For example, if a C
-function which is declared without a prototype takes a @code{float}
-argument, the value is passed as a @code{double} but then converted to a
-@code{float}.  Debuggers need to use the types given in the arguments
-when printing values, but when calling the function they need to use the
-types given in the symbol defining the function.
-
-If the return type and types of arguments of a function which is defined
-in another source file are specified (i.e., a function prototype in ANSI
-C), traditionally compilers emit no stab; the only way for the debugger
-to find the information is if the source file where the function is
-defined was also compiled with debugging symbols.  As an extension the
-Solaris compiler uses symbol descriptor @samp{P} followed by the return
-type of the function, followed by the arguments, each preceded by
-@samp{;}, as in a stab with symbol descriptor @samp{f} or @samp{F}.
-This use of symbol descriptor @samp{P} can be distinguished from its use
-for register parameters (@pxref{Register Parameters}) by the fact that it has
-symbol type @code{N_FUN}.
-
-The AIX documentation also defines symbol descriptor @samp{J} as an
-internal function.  I assume this means a function nested within another
-function.  It also says symbol descriptor @samp{m} is a module in
-Modula-2 or extended Pascal.
-
-Procedures (functions which do not return values) are represented as
-functions returning the @code{void} type in C.  I don't see why this couldn't
-be used for all languages (inventing a @code{void} type for this purpose if
-necessary), but the AIX documentation defines @samp{I}, @samp{P}, and
-@samp{Q} for internal, global, and static procedures, respectively.
-These symbol descriptors are unusual in that they are not followed by
-type information.
-
-The following example shows a stab for a function @code{main} which
-returns type number @code{1}.  The @code{_main} specified for the value
-is a reference to an assembler label which is used to fill in the start
-address of the function.
-
-@example
-.stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main      # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-@end example
-
-The stab representing a procedure is located immediately following the
-code of the procedure.  This stab is in turn directly followed by a
-group of other stabs describing elements of the procedure.  These other
-stabs describe the procedure's parameters, its block local variables, and
-its block structure.
-
-@node Nested Procedures
-@section Nested Procedures
-
-For any of the symbol descriptors representing procedures, after the
-symbol descriptor and the type information is optionally a scope
-specifier.  This consists of a comma, the name of the procedure, another
-comma, and the name of the enclosing procedure.  The first name is local
-to the scope specified, and seems to be redundant with the name of the
-symbol (before the @samp{:}).  This feature is used by GCC, and
-presumably Pascal, Modula-2, etc., compilers, for nested functions.
-
-If procedures are nested more than one level deep, only the immediately
-containing scope is specified.  For example, this code:
-
-@example
-int
-foo (int x)
-@{
-  int bar (int y)
-    @{
-      int baz (int z)
-        @{
-          return x + y + z;
-        @}
-      return baz (x + 2 * y);
-    @}
-  return x + bar (3 * x);
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-produces the stabs:
-
-@example
-.stabs "baz:f1,baz,bar",36,0,0,_baz.15         # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-.stabs "bar:f1,bar,foo",36,0,0,_bar.12
-.stabs "foo:F1",36,0,0,_foo
-@end example
-
-@node Block Structure
-@section Block Structure
-
-@findex N_LBRAC
-@findex N_RBRAC
-@c For GCC 2.5.8 or so stabs-in-coff, these are absolute instead of
-@c function relative (as documented below).  But GDB has never been able
-@c to deal with that (it had wanted them to be relative to the file, but
-@c I just fixed that (between GDB 4.12 and 4.13)), so it is function
-@c relative just like ELF and SOM and the below documentation.
-The program's block structure is represented by the @code{N_LBRAC} (left
-brace) and the @code{N_RBRAC} (right brace) stab types.  The variables
-defined inside a block precede the @code{N_LBRAC} symbol for most
-compilers, including GCC.  Other compilers, such as the Convex, Acorn
-RISC machine, and Sun @code{acc} compilers, put the variables after the
-@code{N_LBRAC} symbol.  The values of the @code{N_LBRAC} and
-@code{N_RBRAC} symbols are the start and end addresses of the code of
-the block, respectively.  For most machines, they are relative to the
-starting address of this source file.  For the Gould NP1, they are
-absolute.  For stabs in sections (@pxref{Stab Sections}), they are
-relative to the function in which they occur.
-
-The @code{N_LBRAC} and @code{N_RBRAC} stabs that describe the block
-scope of a procedure are located after the @code{N_FUN} stab that
-represents the procedure itself.
-
-Sun documents the desc field of @code{N_LBRAC} and
-@code{N_RBRAC} symbols as containing the nesting level of the block.
-However, dbx seems to not care, and GCC always sets desc to
-zero.
-
-@node Alternate Entry Points
-@section Alternate Entry Points
-
-Some languages, like Fortran, have the ability to enter procedures at
-some place other than the beginning.  One can declare an alternate entry
-point.  The @code{N_ENTRY} stab is for this; however, the Sun FORTRAN compiler
-doesn't use it.  According to AIX documentation, only the name of a
-@code{C_ENTRY} stab is significant; the address of the alternate entry
-point comes from the corresponding external symbol.  A previous revision
-of this document said that the value of an @code{N_ENTRY} stab was the
-address of the alternate entry point, but I don't know the source for
-that information.
-
-@node Constants
-@chapter Constants
-
-The @samp{c} symbol descriptor indicates that this stab represents a
-constant.  This symbol descriptor is an exception to the general rule
-that symbol descriptors are followed by type information.  Instead, it
-is followed by @samp{=} and one of the following:
-
-@table @code
-@item b @var{value}
-Boolean constant.  @var{value} is a numeric value; I assume it is 0 for
-false or 1 for true.
-
-@item c @var{value}
-Character constant.  @var{value} is the numeric value of the constant.
-
-@item e @var{type-information} , @var{value}
-Constant whose value can be represented as integral.
-@var{type-information} is the type of the constant, as it would appear
-after a symbol descriptor (@pxref{String Field}).  @var{value} is the
-numeric value of the constant.  GDB 4.9 does not actually get the right
-value if @var{value} does not fit in a host @code{int}, but it does not
-do anything violent, and future debuggers could be extended to accept
-integers of any size (whether unsigned or not).  This constant type is
-usually documented as being only for enumeration constants, but GDB has
-never imposed that restriction; I don't know about other debuggers.
-
-@item i @var{value}
-Integer constant.  @var{value} is the numeric value.  The type is some
-sort of generic integer type (for GDB, a host @code{int}); to specify
-the type explicitly, use @samp{e} instead.
-
-@item r @var{value}
-Real constant.  @var{value} is the real value, which can be @samp{INF}
-(optionally preceded by a sign) for infinity, @samp{QNAN} for a quiet
-NaN (not-a-number), or @samp{SNAN} for a signalling NaN.  If it is a
-normal number the format is that accepted by the C library function
-@code{atof}.
-
-@item s @var{string}
-String constant.  @var{string} is a string enclosed in either @samp{'}
-(in which case @samp{'} characters within the string are represented as
-@samp{\'} or @samp{"} (in which case @samp{"} characters within the
-string are represented as @samp{\"}).
-
-@item S @var{type-information} , @var{elements} , @var{bits} , @var{pattern}
-Set constant.  @var{type-information} is the type of the constant, as it
-would appear after a symbol descriptor (@pxref{String Field}).
-@var{elements} is the number of elements in the set (does this means
-how many bits of @var{pattern} are actually used, which would be
-redundant with the type, or perhaps the number of bits set in
-@var{pattern}?  I don't get it), @var{bits} is the number of bits in the
-constant (meaning it specifies the length of @var{pattern}, I think),
-and @var{pattern} is a hexadecimal representation of the set.  AIX
-documentation refers to a limit of 32 bytes, but I see no reason why
-this limit should exist.  This form could probably be used for arbitrary
-constants, not just sets; the only catch is that @var{pattern} should be
-understood to be target, not host, byte order and format.
-@end table
-
-The boolean, character, string, and set constants are not supported by
-GDB 4.9, but it ignores them.  GDB 4.8 and earlier gave an error
-message and refused to read symbols from the file containing the
-constants.
-
-The above information is followed by @samp{;}.
-
-@node Variables
-@chapter Variables
-
-Different types of stabs describe the various ways that variables can be
-allocated: on the stack, globally, in registers, in common blocks,
-statically, or as arguments to a function.
-
-@menu
-* Stack Variables::		Variables allocated on the stack.
-* Global Variables::		Variables used by more than one source file.
-* Register Variables::		Variables in registers.
-* Common Blocks::		Variables statically allocated together.
-* Statics::			Variables local to one source file.
-* Based Variables::		Fortran pointer based variables.
-* Parameters::			Variables for arguments to functions.
-@end menu
-
-@node Stack Variables
-@section Automatic Variables Allocated on the Stack
-
-If a variable's scope is local to a function and its lifetime is only as
-long as that function executes (C calls such variables
-@dfn{automatic}), it can be allocated in a register (@pxref{Register
-Variables}) or on the stack.
-
-@findex N_LSYM
-Each variable allocated on the stack has a stab with the symbol
-descriptor omitted.  Since type information should begin with a digit,
-@samp{-}, or @samp{(}, only those characters precluded from being used
-for symbol descriptors.  However, the Acorn RISC machine (ARM) is said
-to get this wrong: it puts out a mere type definition here, without the
-preceding @samp{@var{type-number}=}.  This is a bad idea; there is no
-guarantee that type descriptors are distinct from symbol descriptors.
-Stabs for stack variables use the @code{N_LSYM} stab type.
-
-The value of the stab is the offset of the variable within the
-local variables.  On most machines this is an offset from the frame
-pointer and is negative.  The location of the stab specifies which block
-it is defined in; see @ref{Block Structure}.
-
-For example, the following C code:
-
-@example
-int
-main ()
-@{
-  int x;
-@}
-@end example
-
-produces the following stabs:
-
-@example
-.stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main   # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-.stabs "x:1",128,0,0,-12        # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabn 192,0,0,LBB2             # @r{192 is N_LBRAC}
-.stabn 224,0,0,LBE2             # @r{224 is N_RBRAC}
-@end example
-
-@xref{Procedures} for more information on the @code{N_FUN} stab, and
-@ref{Block Structure} for more information on the @code{N_LBRAC} and
-@code{N_RBRAC} stabs.
-
-@node Global Variables
-@section Global Variables
-
-@findex N_GSYM
-A variable whose scope is not specific to just one source file is
-represented by the @samp{G} symbol descriptor.  These stabs use the
-@code{N_GSYM} stab type.  The type information for the stab
-(@pxref{String Field}) gives the type of the variable.
-
-For example, the following source code:
-
-@example
-char g_foo = 'c';
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-yields the following assembly code:
-
-@example
-.stabs "g_foo:G2",32,0,0,0     # @r{32 is N_GSYM}
-     .global _g_foo
-     .data
-_g_foo:
-     .byte 99
-@end example
-
-The address of the variable represented by the @code{N_GSYM} is not
-contained in the @code{N_GSYM} stab.  The debugger gets this information
-from the external symbol for the global variable.  In the example above,
-the @code{.global _g_foo} and @code{_g_foo:} lines tell the assembler to
-produce an external symbol.
-
-Some compilers, like GCC, output @code{N_GSYM} stabs only once, where
-the variable is defined.  Other compilers, like SunOS4 /bin/cc, output a
-@code{N_GSYM} stab for each compilation unit which references the
-variable.
-
-@node Register Variables
-@section Register Variables
-
-@findex N_RSYM
-@c According to an old version of this manual, AIX uses C_RPSYM instead
-@c of C_RSYM.  I am skeptical; this should be verified.
-Register variables have their own stab type, @code{N_RSYM}, and their
-own symbol descriptor, @samp{r}.  The stab's value is the
-number of the register where the variable data will be stored.
-@c .stabs "name:type",N_RSYM,0,RegSize,RegNumber (Sun doc)
-
-AIX defines a separate symbol descriptor @samp{d} for floating point
-registers.  This seems unnecessary; why not just just give floating
-point registers different register numbers?  I have not verified whether
-the compiler actually uses @samp{d}.
-
-If the register is explicitly allocated to a global variable, but not
-initialized, as in:
-
-@example
-register int g_bar asm ("%g5");
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-then the stab may be emitted at the end of the object file, with
-the other bss symbols.
-
-@node Common Blocks
-@section Common Blocks
-
-A common block is a statically allocated section of memory which can be
-referred to by several source files.  It may contain several variables.
-I believe Fortran is the only language with this feature.
-
-@findex N_BCOMM
-@findex N_ECOMM
-@findex C_BCOMM
-@findex C_ECOMM
-A @code{N_BCOMM} stab begins a common block and an @code{N_ECOMM} stab
-ends it.  The only field that is significant in these two stabs is the
-string, which names a normal (non-debugging) symbol that gives the
-address of the common block.  According to IBM documentation, only the
-@code{N_BCOMM} has the name of the common block (even though their
-compiler actually puts it both places).
-
-@findex N_ECOML
-@findex C_ECOML
-The stabs for the members of the common block are between the
-@code{N_BCOMM} and the @code{N_ECOMM}; the value of each stab is the
-offset within the common block of that variable.  IBM uses the
-@code{C_ECOML} stab type, and there is a corresponding @code{N_ECOML}
-stab type, but Sun's Fortran compiler uses @code{N_GSYM} instead.  The
-variables within a common block use the @samp{V} symbol descriptor (I
-believe this is true of all Fortran variables).  Other stabs (at least
-type declarations using @code{C_DECL}) can also be between the
-@code{N_BCOMM} and the @code{N_ECOMM}.
-
-@node Statics
-@section Static Variables
-
-Initialized static variables are represented by the @samp{S} and
-@samp{V} symbol descriptors.  @samp{S} means file scope static, and
-@samp{V} means procedure scope static.  One exception: in XCOFF, IBM's
-xlc compiler always uses @samp{V}, and whether it is file scope or not
-is distinguished by whether the stab is located within a function.
-
-@c This is probably not worth mentioning; it is only true on the sparc
-@c for `double' variables which although declared const are actually in
-@c the data segment (the text segment can't guarantee 8 byte alignment).
-@c (although GCC
-@c 2.4.5 has a bug in that it uses @code{N_FUN}, so neither dbx nor GDB can
-@c find the variables)
-@findex N_STSYM
-@findex N_LCSYM
-@findex N_FUN, for variables
-@findex N_ROSYM
-In a.out files, @code{N_STSYM} means the data section, @code{N_FUN}
-means the text section, and @code{N_LCSYM} means the bss section.  For
-those systems with a read-only data section separate from the text
-section (Solaris), @code{N_ROSYM} means the read-only data section.
-
-For example, the source lines:
-
-@example
-static const int var_const = 5;
-static int var_init = 2;
-static int var_noinit;
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-yield the following stabs:
-
-@example
-.stabs "var_const:S1",36,0,0,_var_const      # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-@dots{}
-.stabs "var_init:S1",38,0,0,_var_init        # @r{38 is N_STSYM}
-@dots{}
-.stabs "var_noinit:S1",40,0,0,_var_noinit    # @r{40 is N_LCSYM}
-@end example
-
-In XCOFF files, the stab type need not indicate the section;
-@code{C_STSYM} can be used for all statics.  Also, each static variable
-is enclosed in a static block.  A @code{C_BSTAT} (emitted with a
-@samp{.bs} assembler directive) symbol begins the static block; its
-value is the symbol number of the csect symbol whose value is the
-address of the static block, its section is the section of the variables
-in that static block, and its name is @samp{.bs}.  A @code{C_ESTAT}
-(emitted with a @samp{.es} assembler directive) symbol ends the static
-block; its name is @samp{.es} and its value and section are ignored.
-
-In ECOFF files, the storage class is used to specify the section, so the
-stab type need not indicate the section.
-
-In ELF files, for the SunPRO compiler version 2.0.1, symbol descriptor
-@samp{S} means that the address is absolute (the linker relocates it)
-and symbol descriptor @samp{V} means that the address is relative to the
-start of the relevant section for that compilation unit.  SunPRO has
-plans to have the linker stop relocating stabs; I suspect that their the
-debugger gets the address from the corresponding ELF (not stab) symbol.
-I'm not sure how to find which symbol of that name is the right one.
-The clean way to do all this would be to have a the value of a symbol
-descriptor @samp{S} symbol be an offset relative to the start of the
-file, just like everything else, but that introduces obvious
-compatibility problems.  For more information on linker stab relocation,
-@xref{ELF Linker Relocation}.
-
-@node Based Variables
-@section Fortran Based Variables
-
-Fortran (at least, the Sun and SGI dialects of FORTRAN-77) has a feature
-which allows allocating arrays with @code{malloc}, but which avoids
-blurring the line between arrays and pointers the way that C does.  In
-stabs such a variable uses the @samp{b} symbol descriptor.
-
-For example, the Fortran declarations
-
-@example
-real foo, foo10(10), foo10_5(10,5)
-pointer (foop, foo)
-pointer (foo10p, foo10)
-pointer (foo105p, foo10_5)
-@end example
-
-produce the stabs
-
-@example
-foo:b6
-foo10:bar3;1;10;6
-foo10_5:bar3;1;5;ar3;1;10;6
-@end example
-
-In this example, @code{real} is type 6 and type 3 is an integral type
-which is the type of the subscripts of the array (probably
-@code{integer}).
-
-The @samp{b} symbol descriptor is like @samp{V} in that it denotes a
-statically allocated symbol whose scope is local to a function; see
-@xref{Statics}.  The value of the symbol, instead of being the address
-of the variable itself, is the address of a pointer to that variable.
-So in the above example, the value of the @code{foo} stab is the address
-of a pointer to a real, the value of the @code{foo10} stab is the
-address of a pointer to a 10-element array of reals, and the value of
-the @code{foo10_5} stab is the address of a pointer to a 5-element array
-of 10-element arrays of reals.
-
-@node Parameters
-@section Parameters
-
-Formal parameters to a function are represented by a stab (or sometimes
-two; see below) for each parameter.  The stabs are in the order in which
-the debugger should print the parameters (i.e., the order in which the
-parameters are declared in the source file).  The exact form of the stab
-depends on how the parameter is being passed.
-
-@findex N_PSYM
-Parameters passed on the stack use the symbol descriptor @samp{p} and
-the @code{N_PSYM} symbol type.  The value of the symbol is an offset
-used to locate the parameter on the stack; its exact meaning is
-machine-dependent, but on most machines it is an offset from the frame
-pointer.
-
-As a simple example, the code:
-
-@example
-main (argc, argv)
-     int argc;
-     char **argv;
-@end example
-
-produces the stabs:
-
-@example
-.stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main                 # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-.stabs "argc:p1",160,0,0,68                   # @r{160 is N_PSYM}
-.stabs "argv:p20=*21=*2",160,0,0,72
-@end example
-
-The type definition of @code{argv} is interesting because it contains
-several type definitions.  Type 21 is pointer to type 2 (char) and
-@code{argv} (type 20) is pointer to type 21.
-
-@c FIXME: figure out what these mean and describe them coherently.
-The following symbol descriptors are also said to go with @code{N_PSYM}.
-The value of the symbol is said to be an offset from the argument
-pointer (I'm not sure whether this is true or not).
-
-@example
-pP (<<??>>)
-pF Fortran function parameter
-X  (function result variable)
-@end example
-
-@menu
-* Register Parameters::
-* Local Variable Parameters::
-* Reference Parameters::
-* Conformant Arrays::
-@end menu
-
-@node Register Parameters
-@subsection Passing Parameters in Registers
-
-If the parameter is passed in a register, then traditionally there are
-two symbols for each argument:
-
-@example
-.stabs "arg:p1" . . .       ; N_PSYM
-.stabs "arg:r1" . . .       ; N_RSYM
-@end example
-
-Debuggers use the second one to find the value, and the first one to
-know that it is an argument.
-
-@findex C_RPSYM
-@findex N_RSYM, for parameters
-Because that approach is kind of ugly, some compilers use symbol
-descriptor @samp{P} or @samp{R} to indicate an argument which is in a
-register.  Symbol type @code{C_RPSYM} is used with @samp{R} and
-@code{N_RSYM} is used with @samp{P}.  The symbol's value is
-the register number.  @samp{P} and @samp{R} mean the same thing; the
-difference is that @samp{P} is a GNU invention and @samp{R} is an IBM
-(XCOFF) invention.  As of version 4.9, GDB should handle either one.
-
-There is at least one case where GCC uses a @samp{p} and @samp{r} pair
-rather than @samp{P}; this is where the argument is passed in the
-argument list and then loaded into a register.
-
-According to the AIX documentation, symbol descriptor @samp{D} is for a
-parameter passed in a floating point register.  This seems
-unnecessary---why not just use @samp{R} with a register number which
-indicates that it's a floating point register?  I haven't verified
-whether the system actually does what the documentation indicates.
-
-@c FIXME: On the hppa this is for any type > 8 bytes, I think, and not
-@c for small structures (investigate).
-On the sparc and hppa, for a @samp{P} symbol whose type is a structure
-or union, the register contains the address of the structure.  On the
-sparc, this is also true of a @samp{p} and @samp{r} pair (using Sun
-@code{cc}) or a @samp{p} symbol.  However, if a (small) structure is
-really in a register, @samp{r} is used.  And, to top it all off, on the
-hppa it might be a structure which was passed on the stack and loaded
-into a register and for which there is a @samp{p} and @samp{r} pair!  I
-believe that symbol descriptor @samp{i} is supposed to deal with this
-case (it is said to mean "value parameter by reference, indirect
-access"; I don't know the source for this information), but I don't know
-details or what compilers or debuggers use it, if any (not GDB or GCC).
-It is not clear to me whether this case needs to be dealt with
-differently than parameters passed by reference (@pxref{Reference Parameters}).
-
-@node Local Variable Parameters
-@subsection Storing Parameters as Local Variables
-
-There is a case similar to an argument in a register, which is an
-argument that is actually stored as a local variable.  Sometimes this
-happens when the argument was passed in a register and then the compiler
-stores it as a local variable.  If possible, the compiler should claim
-that it's in a register, but this isn't always done.
-
-If a parameter is passed as one type and converted to a smaller type by
-the prologue (for example, the parameter is declared as a @code{float},
-but the calling conventions specify that it is passed as a
-@code{double}), then GCC2 (sometimes) uses a pair of symbols.  The first
-symbol uses symbol descriptor @samp{p} and the type which is passed.
-The second symbol has the type and location which the parameter actually
-has after the prologue.  For example, suppose the following C code
-appears with no prototypes involved:
-
-@example
-void
-subr (f)
-     float f;
-@{
-@end example
-
-if @code{f} is passed as a double at stack offset 8, and the prologue
-converts it to a float in register number 0, then the stabs look like:
-
-@example
-.stabs "f:p13",160,0,3,8   # @r{160 is @code{N_PSYM}, here 13 is @code{double}}
-.stabs "f:r12",64,0,3,0    # @r{64 is @code{N_RSYM}, here 12 is @code{float}}
-@end example
-
-In both stabs 3 is the line number where @code{f} is declared
-(@pxref{Line Numbers}).
-
-@findex N_LSYM, for parameter
-GCC, at least on the 960, has another solution to the same problem.  It
-uses a single @samp{p} symbol descriptor for an argument which is stored
-as a local variable but uses @code{N_LSYM} instead of @code{N_PSYM}.  In
-this case, the value of the symbol is an offset relative to the local
-variables for that function, not relative to the arguments; on some
-machines those are the same thing, but not on all.
-
-@c This is mostly just background info; the part that logically belongs
-@c here is the last sentence.  
-On the VAX or on other machines in which the calling convention includes
-the number of words of arguments actually passed, the debugger (GDB at
-least) uses the parameter symbols to keep track of whether it needs to
-print nameless arguments in addition to the formal parameters which it
-has printed because each one has a stab.  For example, in 
-
-@example
-extern int fprintf (FILE *stream, char *format, @dots{});
-@dots{}
-fprintf (stdout, "%d\n", x);
-@end example
-
-there are stabs for @code{stream} and @code{format}.  On most machines,
-the debugger can only print those two arguments (because it has no way
-of knowing that additional arguments were passed), but on the VAX or
-other machines with a calling convention which indicates the number of
-words of arguments, the debugger can print all three arguments.  To do
-so, the parameter symbol (symbol descriptor @samp{p}) (not necessarily
-@samp{r} or symbol descriptor omitted symbols) needs to contain the
-actual type as passed (for example, @code{double} not @code{float} if it
-is passed as a double and converted to a float).
-
-@node Reference Parameters
-@subsection Passing Parameters by Reference
-
-If the parameter is passed by reference (e.g., Pascal @code{VAR}
-parameters), then the symbol descriptor is @samp{v} if it is in the
-argument list, or @samp{a} if it in a register.  Other than the fact
-that these contain the address of the parameter rather than the
-parameter itself, they are identical to @samp{p} and @samp{R},
-respectively.  I believe @samp{a} is an AIX invention; @samp{v} is
-supported by all stabs-using systems as far as I know.
-
-@node Conformant Arrays
-@subsection Passing Conformant Array Parameters
-
-@c Is this paragraph correct?  It is based on piecing together patchy
-@c information and some guesswork
-Conformant arrays are a feature of Modula-2, and perhaps other
-languages, in which the size of an array parameter is not known to the
-called function until run-time.  Such parameters have two stabs: a
-@samp{x} for the array itself, and a @samp{C}, which represents the size
-of the array.  The value of the @samp{x} stab is the offset in the
-argument list where the address of the array is stored (it this right?
-it is a guess); the value of the @samp{C} stab is the offset in the
-argument list where the size of the array (in elements? in bytes?) is
-stored.
-
-@node Types
-@chapter Defining Types
-
-The examples so far have described types as references to previously
-defined types, or defined in terms of subranges of or pointers to
-previously defined types.  This chapter describes the other type
-descriptors that may follow the @samp{=} in a type definition.
-
-@menu
-* Builtin Types::		Integers, floating point, void, etc.
-* Miscellaneous Types::		Pointers, sets, files, etc.
-* Cross-References::		Referring to a type not yet defined.
-* Subranges::			A type with a specific range.
-* Arrays::			An aggregate type of same-typed elements.
-* Strings::			Like an array but also has a length.
-* Enumerations::		Like an integer but the values have names.
-* Structures::			An aggregate type of different-typed elements.
-* Typedefs::			Giving a type a name.
-* Unions::			Different types sharing storage.
-* Function Types::
-@end menu
-
-@node Builtin Types
-@section Builtin Types
-
-Certain types are built in (@code{int}, @code{short}, @code{void},
-@code{float}, etc.); the debugger recognizes these types and knows how
-to handle them.  Thus, don't be surprised if some of the following ways
-of specifying builtin types do not specify everything that a debugger
-would need to know about the type---in some cases they merely specify
-enough information to distinguish the type from other types.
-
-The traditional way to define builtin types is convolunted, so new ways
-have been invented to describe them.  Sun's @code{acc} uses special
-builtin type descriptors (@samp{b} and @samp{R}), and IBM uses negative
-type numbers.  GDB accepts all three ways, as of version 4.8; dbx just
-accepts the traditional builtin types and perhaps one of the other two
-formats.  The following sections describe each of these formats.
-
-@menu
-* Traditional Builtin Types::	Put on your seatbelts and prepare for kludgery
-* Builtin Type Descriptors::	Builtin types with special type descriptors
-* Negative Type Numbers::	Builtin types using negative type numbers
-@end menu
-
-@node Traditional Builtin Types
-@subsection Traditional Builtin Types
-
-This is the traditional, convoluted method for defining builtin types.
-There are several classes of such type definitions: integer, floating
-point, and @code{void}.
-
-@menu
-* Traditional Integer Types::
-* Traditional Other Types::
-@end menu
-
-@node Traditional Integer Types
-@subsubsection Traditional Integer Types
-
-Often types are defined as subranges of themselves.  If the bounding values
-fit within an @code{int}, then they are given normally.  For example:
-
-@example
-.stabs "int:t1=r1;-2147483648;2147483647;",128,0,0,0    # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "char:t2=r2;0;127;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-Builtin types can also be described as subranges of @code{int}:
-
-@example
-.stabs "unsigned short:t6=r1;0;65535;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-If the lower bound of a subrange is 0 and the upper bound is -1,
-the type is an unsigned integral type whose bounds are too
-big to describe in an @code{int}.  Traditionally this is only used for
-@code{unsigned int} and @code{unsigned long}:
-
-@example
-.stabs "unsigned int:t4=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-For larger types, GCC 2.4.5 puts out bounds in octal, with one or more
-leading zeroes.  In this case a negative bound consists of a number
-which is a 1 bit (for the sign bit) followed by a 0 bit for each bit in
-the number (except the sign bit), and a positive bound is one which is a
-1 bit for each bit in the number (except possibly the sign bit).  All
-known versions of dbx and GDB version 4 accept this (at least in the
-sense of not refusing to process the file), but GDB 3.5 refuses to read
-the whole file containing such symbols.  So GCC 2.3.3 did not output the
-proper size for these types.  As an example of octal bounds, the string
-fields of the stabs for 64 bit integer types look like:
-
-@c .stabs directives, etc., omitted to make it fit on the page.
-@example
-long int:t3=r1;001000000000000000000000;000777777777777777777777;
-long unsigned int:t5=r1;000000000000000000000000;001777777777777777777777;
-@end example
-
-If the lower bound of a subrange is 0 and the upper bound is negative,
-the type is an unsigned integral type whose size in bytes is the
-absolute value of the upper bound.  I believe this is a Convex
-convention for @code{unsigned long long}.
-
-If the lower bound of a subrange is negative and the upper bound is 0,
-the type is a signed integral type whose size in bytes is
-the absolute value of the lower bound.  I believe this is a Convex
-convention for @code{long long}.  To distinguish this from a legitimate
-subrange, the type should be a subrange of itself.  I'm not sure whether
-this is the case for Convex.
-
-@node Traditional Other Types
-@subsubsection Traditional Other Types
-
-If the upper bound of a subrange is 0 and the lower bound is positive,
-the type is a floating point type, and the lower bound of the subrange
-indicates the number of bytes in the type:
-
-@example
-.stabs "float:t12=r1;4;0;",128,0,0,0
-.stabs "double:t13=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-However, GCC writes @code{long double} the same way it writes
-@code{double}, so there is no way to distinguish.
-
-@example
-.stabs "long double:t14=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-Complex types are defined the same way as floating-point types; there is
-no way to distinguish a single-precision complex from a double-precision
-floating-point type.
-
-The C @code{void} type is defined as itself:
-
-@example
-.stabs "void:t15=15",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-I'm not sure how a boolean type is represented.
-
-@node Builtin Type Descriptors
-@subsection Defining Builtin Types Using Builtin Type Descriptors
-
-This is the method used by Sun's @code{acc} for defining builtin types.
-These are the type descriptors to define builtin types:
-
-@table @code
-@c FIXME: clean up description of width and offset, once we figure out
-@c what they mean
-@item b @var{signed} @var{char-flag} @var{width} ; @var{offset} ; @var{nbits} ;
-Define an integral type.  @var{signed} is @samp{u} for unsigned or
-@samp{s} for signed.  @var{char-flag} is @samp{c} which indicates this
-is a character type, or is omitted.  I assume this is to distinguish an
-integral type from a character type of the same size, for example it
-might make sense to set it for the C type @code{wchar_t} so the debugger
-can print such variables differently (Solaris does not do this).  Sun
-sets it on the C types @code{signed char} and @code{unsigned char} which
-arguably is wrong.  @var{width} and @var{offset} appear to be for small
-objects stored in larger ones, for example a @code{short} in an
-@code{int} register.  @var{width} is normally the number of bytes in the
-type.  @var{offset} seems to always be zero.  @var{nbits} is the number
-of bits in the type.
-
-Note that type descriptor @samp{b} used for builtin types conflicts with
-its use for Pascal space types (@pxref{Miscellaneous Types}); they can
-be distinguished because the character following the type descriptor
-will be a digit, @samp{(}, or @samp{-} for a Pascal space type, or
-@samp{u} or @samp{s} for a builtin type.
-
-@item w
-Documented by AIX to define a wide character type, but their compiler
-actually uses negative type numbers (@pxref{Negative Type Numbers}).
-
-@item R @var{fp-type} ; @var{bytes} ;
-Define a floating point type.  @var{fp-type} has one of the following values:
-
-@table @code
-@item 1 (NF_SINGLE)
-IEEE 32-bit (single precision) floating point format.
-
-@item 2 (NF_DOUBLE)
-IEEE 64-bit (double precision) floating point format.
-
-@item 3 (NF_COMPLEX)
-@item 4 (NF_COMPLEX16)
-@item 5 (NF_COMPLEX32)
-@c "GDB source" really means @file{include/aout/stab_gnu.h}, but trying
-@c to put that here got an overfull hbox.
-These are for complex numbers.  A comment in the GDB source describes
-them as Fortran @code{complex}, @code{double complex}, and
-@code{complex*16}, respectively, but what does that mean?  (i.e., Single
-precision?  Double precison?).
-
-@item 6 (NF_LDOUBLE)
-Long double.  This should probably only be used for Sun format
-@code{long double}, and new codes should be used for other floating
-point formats (@code{NF_DOUBLE} can be used if a @code{long double} is
-really just an IEEE double, of course).
-@end table
-
-@var{bytes} is the number of bytes occupied by the type.  This allows a
-debugger to perform some operations with the type even if it doesn't
-understand @var{fp-type}.
-
-@item g @var{type-information} ; @var{nbits}
-Documented by AIX to define a floating type, but their compiler actually
-uses negative type numbers (@pxref{Negative Type Numbers}).
-
-@item c @var{type-information} ; @var{nbits}
-Documented by AIX to define a complex type, but their compiler actually
-uses negative type numbers (@pxref{Negative Type Numbers}).
-@end table
-
-The C @code{void} type is defined as a signed integral type 0 bits long:
-@example
-.stabs "void:t19=bs0;0;0",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-The Solaris compiler seems to omit the trailing semicolon in this case.
-Getting sloppy in this way is not a swift move because if a type is
-embedded in a more complex expression it is necessary to be able to tell
-where it ends.
-
-I'm not sure how a boolean type is represented.
-
-@node Negative Type Numbers
-@subsection Negative Type Numbers
-
-This is the method used in XCOFF for defining builtin types.
-Since the debugger knows about the builtin types anyway, the idea of
-negative type numbers is simply to give a special type number which
-indicates the builtin type.  There is no stab defining these types.
-
-There are several subtle issues with negative type numbers.
-
-One is the size of the type.  A builtin type (for example the C types
-@code{int} or @code{long}) might have different sizes depending on
-compiler options, the target architecture, the ABI, etc.  This issue
-doesn't come up for IBM tools since (so far) they just target the
-RS/6000; the sizes indicated below for each size are what the IBM
-RS/6000 tools use.  To deal with differing sizes, either define separate
-negative type numbers for each size (which works but requires changing
-the debugger, and, unless you get both AIX dbx and GDB to accept the
-change, introduces an incompatibility), or use a type attribute
-(@pxref{String Field}) to define a new type with the appropriate size
-(which merely requires a debugger which understands type attributes,
-like AIX dbx).  For example,
-
-@example
-.stabs "boolean:t10=@@s8;-16",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-defines an 8-bit boolean type, and
-
-@example
-.stabs "boolean:t10=@@s64;-16",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-defines a 64-bit boolean type.
-
-A similar issue is the format of the type.  This comes up most often for
-floating-point types, which could have various formats (particularly
-extended doubles, which vary quite a bit even among IEEE systems).
-Again, it is best to define a new negative type number for each
-different format; changing the format based on the target system has
-various problems.  One such problem is that the Alpha has both VAX and
-IEEE floating types.  One can easily imagine one library using the VAX
-types and another library in the same executable using the IEEE types.
-Another example is that the interpretation of whether a boolean is true
-or false can be based on the least significant bit, most significant
-bit, whether it is zero, etc., and different compilers (or different
-options to the same compiler) might provide different kinds of boolean.
-
-The last major issue is the names of the types.  The name of a given
-type depends @emph{only} on the negative type number given; these do not
-vary depending on the language, the target system, or anything else.
-One can always define separate type numbers---in the following list you
-will see for example separate @code{int} and @code{integer*4} types
-which are identical except for the name.  But compatibility can be
-maintained by not inventing new negative type numbers and instead just
-defining a new type with a new name.  For example:
-
-@example
-.stabs "CARDINAL:t10=-8",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-Here is the list of negative type numbers.  The phrase @dfn{integral
-type} is used to mean twos-complement (I strongly suspect that all
-machines which use stabs use twos-complement; most machines use
-twos-complement these days).
-
-@table @code
-@item -1
-@code{int}, 32 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -2
-@code{char}, 8 bit type holding a character.   Both GDB and dbx on AIX
-treat this as signed.  GCC uses this type whether @code{char} is signed
-or not, which seems like a bad idea.  The AIX compiler (@code{xlc}) seems to
-avoid this type; it uses -5 instead for @code{char}.
-
-@item -3
-@code{short}, 16 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -4
-@code{long}, 32 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -5
-@code{unsigned char}, 8 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -6
-@code{signed char}, 8 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -7
-@code{unsigned short}, 16 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -8
-@code{unsigned int}, 32 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -9
-@code{unsigned}, 32 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -10
-@code{unsigned long}, 32 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -11
-@code{void}, type indicating the lack of a value.
-
-@item -12
-@code{float}, IEEE single precision.
-
-@item -13
-@code{double}, IEEE double precision.
-
-@item -14
-@code{long double}, IEEE double precision.  The compiler claims the size
-will increase in a future release, and for binary compatibility you have
-to avoid using @code{long double}.  I hope when they increase it they
-use a new negative type number.
-
-@item -15
-@code{integer}.  32 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -16
-@code{boolean}.  32 bit type.  GDB and GCC assume that zero is false,
-one is true, and other values have unspecified meaning.  I hope this
-agrees with how the IBM tools use the type.
-
-@item -17
-@code{short real}.  IEEE single precision.
-
-@item -18
-@code{real}.  IEEE double precision.
-
-@item -19
-@code{stringptr}.  @xref{Strings}.
-
-@item -20
-@code{character}, 8 bit unsigned character type.
-
-@item -21
-@code{logical*1}, 8 bit type.  This Fortran type has a split
-personality in that it is used for boolean variables, but can also be
-used for unsigned integers.  0 is false, 1 is true, and other values are
-non-boolean.
-
-@item -22
-@code{logical*2}, 16 bit type.  This Fortran type has a split
-personality in that it is used for boolean variables, but can also be
-used for unsigned integers.  0 is false, 1 is true, and other values are
-non-boolean.
-
-@item -23
-@code{logical*4}, 32 bit type.  This Fortran type has a split
-personality in that it is used for boolean variables, but can also be
-used for unsigned integers.  0 is false, 1 is true, and other values are
-non-boolean.
-
-@item -24
-@code{logical}, 32 bit type.  This Fortran type has a split
-personality in that it is used for boolean variables, but can also be
-used for unsigned integers.  0 is false, 1 is true, and other values are
-non-boolean.
-
-@item -25
-@code{complex}.  A complex type consisting of two IEEE single-precision
-floating point values.
-
-@item -26
-@code{complex}.  A complex type consisting of two IEEE double-precision
-floating point values.
-
-@item -27
-@code{integer*1}, 8 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -28
-@code{integer*2}, 16 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -29
-@code{integer*4}, 32 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -30
-@code{wchar}.  Wide character, 16 bits wide, unsigned (what format?
-Unicode?).
-@end table
-
-@node Miscellaneous Types
-@section Miscellaneous Types
-
-@table @code
-@item b @var{type-information} ; @var{bytes}
-Pascal space type.  This is documented by IBM; what does it mean?
-
-This use of the @samp{b} type descriptor can be distinguished
-from its use for builtin integral types (@pxref{Builtin Type
-Descriptors}) because the character following the type descriptor is
-always a digit, @samp{(}, or @samp{-}.
-
-@item B @var{type-information}
-A volatile-qualified version of @var{type-information}.  This is
-a Sun extension.  References and stores to a variable with a
-volatile-qualified type must not be optimized or cached; they
-must occur as the user specifies them.
-
-@item d @var{type-information}
-File of type @var{type-information}.  As far as I know this is only used
-by Pascal.
-
-@item k @var{type-information}
-A const-qualified version of @var{type-information}.  This is a Sun
-extension.  A variable with a const-qualified type cannot be modified.
-
-@item M @var{type-information} ; @var{length}
-Multiple instance type.  The type seems to composed of @var{length}
-repetitions of @var{type-information}, for example @code{character*3} is
-represented by @samp{M-2;3}, where @samp{-2} is a reference to a
-character type (@pxref{Negative Type Numbers}).  I'm not sure how this
-differs from an array.  This appears to be a Fortran feature.
-@var{length} is a bound, like those in range types; see @ref{Subranges}.
-
-@item S @var{type-information}
-Pascal set type.  @var{type-information} must be a small type such as an
-enumeration or a subrange, and the type is a bitmask whose length is
-specified by the number of elements in @var{type-information}.
-
-In CHILL, if it is a bitstring instead of a set, also use the @samp{S}
-type attribute (@pxref{String Field}).
-
-@item * @var{type-information}
-Pointer to @var{type-information}.
-@end table
-
-@node Cross-References
-@section Cross-References to Other Types
-
-A type can be used before it is defined; one common way to deal with
-that situation is just to use a type reference to a type which has not
-yet been defined.
-
-Another way is with the @samp{x} type descriptor, which is followed by
-@samp{s} for a structure tag, @samp{u} for a union tag, or @samp{e} for
-a enumerator tag, followed by the name of the tag, followed by @samp{:}.
-If the name contains @samp{::} between a @samp{<} and @samp{>} pair (for
-C++ templates), such a @samp{::} does not end the name---only a single
-@samp{:} ends the name; see @ref{Nested Symbols}.
-
-For example, the following C declarations:
-
-@example
-struct foo;
-struct foo *bar;
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-produce:
-
-@example
-.stabs "bar:G16=*17=xsfoo:",32,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-Not all debuggers support the @samp{x} type descriptor, so on some
-machines GCC does not use it.  I believe that for the above example it
-would just emit a reference to type 17 and never define it, but I
-haven't verified that.
-
-Modula-2 imported types, at least on AIX, use the @samp{i} type
-descriptor, which is followed by the name of the module from which the
-type is imported, followed by @samp{:}, followed by the name of the
-type.  There is then optionally a comma followed by type information for
-the type.  This differs from merely naming the type (@pxref{Typedefs}) in
-that it identifies the module; I don't understand whether the name of
-the type given here is always just the same as the name we are giving
-it, or whether this type descriptor is used with a nameless stab
-(@pxref{String Field}), or what.  The symbol ends with @samp{;}.
-
-@node Subranges
-@section Subrange Types
-
-The @samp{r} type descriptor defines a type as a subrange of another
-type.  It is followed by type information for the type of which it is a
-subrange, a semicolon, an integral lower bound, a semicolon, an
-integral upper bound, and a semicolon.  The AIX documentation does not
-specify the trailing semicolon, in an effort to specify array indexes
-more cleanly, but a subrange which is not an array index has always
-included a trailing semicolon (@pxref{Arrays}).
-
-Instead of an integer, either bound can be one of the following:
-
-@table @code
-@item A @var{offset}
-The bound is passed by reference on the stack at offset @var{offset}
-from the argument list.  @xref{Parameters}, for more information on such
-offsets.
-
-@item T @var{offset}
-The bound is passed by value on the stack at offset @var{offset} from
-the argument list.
-
-@item a @var{register-number}
-The bound is pased by reference in register number
-@var{register-number}.
-
-@item t @var{register-number}
-The bound is passed by value in register number @var{register-number}.
-
-@item J
-There is no bound.
-@end table
-
-Subranges are also used for builtin types; see @ref{Traditional Builtin Types}.
-
-@node Arrays
-@section Array Types
-
-Arrays use the @samp{a} type descriptor.  Following the type descriptor
-is the type of the index and the type of the array elements.  If the
-index type is a range type, it ends in a semicolon; otherwise
-(for example, if it is a type reference), there does not
-appear to be any way to tell where the types are separated.  In an
-effort to clean up this mess, IBM documents the two types as being
-separated by a semicolon, and a range type as not ending in a semicolon
-(but this is not right for range types which are not array indexes,
-@pxref{Subranges}).  I think probably the best solution is to specify
-that a semicolon ends a range type, and that the index type and element
-type of an array are separated by a semicolon, but that if the index
-type is a range type, the extra semicolon can be omitted.  GDB (at least
-through version 4.9) doesn't support any kind of index type other than a
-range anyway; I'm not sure about dbx.
-
-It is well established, and widely used, that the type of the index,
-unlike most types found in the stabs, is merely a type definition, not
-type information (@pxref{String Field}) (that is, it need not start with
-@samp{@var{type-number}=} if it is defining a new type).  According to a
-comment in GDB, this is also true of the type of the array elements; it
-gives @samp{ar1;1;10;ar1;1;10;4} as a legitimate way to express a two
-dimensional array.  According to AIX documentation, the element type
-must be type information.  GDB accepts either.
-
-The type of the index is often a range type, expressed as the type
-descriptor @samp{r} and some parameters.  It defines the size of the
-array.  In the example below, the range @samp{r1;0;2;} defines an index
-type which is a subrange of type 1 (integer), with a lower bound of 0
-and an upper bound of 2.  This defines the valid range of subscripts of
-a three-element C array.
-
-For example, the definition:
-
-@example
-char char_vec[3] = @{'a','b','c'@};
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-produces the output:
-
-@example
-.stabs "char_vec:G19=ar1;0;2;2",32,0,0,0
-     .global _char_vec
-     .align 4
-_char_vec:
-     .byte 97
-     .byte 98
-     .byte 99
-@end example
-
-If an array is @dfn{packed}, the elements are spaced more
-closely than normal, saving memory at the expense of speed.  For
-example, an array of 3-byte objects might, if unpacked, have each
-element aligned on a 4-byte boundary, but if packed, have no padding.
-One way to specify that something is packed is with type attributes
-(@pxref{String Field}).  In the case of arrays, another is to use the
-@samp{P} type descriptor instead of @samp{a}.  Other than specifying a
-packed array, @samp{P} is identical to @samp{a}.
-
-@c FIXME-what is it?  A pointer?
-An open array is represented by the @samp{A} type descriptor followed by
-type information specifying the type of the array elements.
-
-@c FIXME: what is the format of this type?  A pointer to a vector of pointers?
-An N-dimensional dynamic array is represented by
-
-@example
-D @var{dimensions} ; @var{type-information}
-@end example
-
-@c Does dimensions really have this meaning?  The AIX documentation
-@c doesn't say.
-@var{dimensions} is the number of dimensions; @var{type-information}
-specifies the type of the array elements.
-
-@c FIXME: what is the format of this type?  A pointer to some offsets in
-@c another array?
-A subarray of an N-dimensional array is represented by
-
-@example
-E @var{dimensions} ; @var{type-information}
-@end example
-
-@c Does dimensions really have this meaning?  The AIX documentation
-@c doesn't say.
-@var{dimensions} is the number of dimensions; @var{type-information}
-specifies the type of the array elements.
-
-@node Strings
-@section Strings
-
-Some languages, like C or the original Pascal, do not have string types,
-they just have related things like arrays of characters.  But most
-Pascals and various other languages have string types, which are
-indicated as follows:
-
-@table @code
-@item n @var{type-information} ; @var{bytes}
-@var{bytes} is the maximum length.  I'm not sure what
-@var{type-information} is; I suspect that it means that this is a string
-of @var{type-information} (thus allowing a string of integers, a string
-of wide characters, etc., as well as a string of characters).  Not sure
-what the format of this type is.  This is an AIX feature.
-
-@item z @var{type-information} ; @var{bytes}
-Just like @samp{n} except that this is a gstring, not an ordinary
-string.  I don't know the difference.
-
-@item N
-Pascal Stringptr.  What is this?  This is an AIX feature.
-@end table
-
-Languages, such as CHILL which have a string type which is basically
-just an array of characters use the @samp{S} type attribute
-(@pxref{String Field}).
-
-@node Enumerations
-@section Enumerations
-
-Enumerations are defined with the @samp{e} type descriptor.
-
-@c FIXME: Where does this information properly go?  Perhaps it is
-@c redundant with something we already explain.
-The source line below declares an enumeration type at file scope.
-The type definition is located after the @code{N_RBRAC} that marks the end of
-the previous procedure's block scope, and before the @code{N_FUN} that marks
-the beginning of the next procedure's block scope.  Therefore it does not
-describe a block local symbol, but a file local one.
-
-The source line:
-
-@example
-enum e_places @{first,second=3,last@};
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-generates the following stab:
-
-@example
-.stabs "e_places:T22=efirst:0,second:3,last:4,;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-The symbol descriptor (@samp{T}) says that the stab describes a
-structure, enumeration, or union tag.  The type descriptor @samp{e},
-following the @samp{22=} of the type definition narrows it down to an
-enumeration type.  Following the @samp{e} is a list of the elements of
-the enumeration.  The format is @samp{@var{name}:@var{value},}.  The
-list of elements ends with @samp{;}.  The fact that @var{value} is
-specified as an integer can cause problems if the value is large.  GCC
-2.5.2 tries to output it in octal in that case with a leading zero,
-which is probably a good thing, although GDB 4.11 supports octal only in
-cases where decimal is perfectly good.  Negative decimal values are
-supported by both GDB and dbx.
-
-There is no standard way to specify the size of an enumeration type; it
-is determined by the architecture (normally all enumerations types are
-32 bits).  Type attributes can be used to specify an enumeration type of
-another size for debuggers which support them; see @ref{String Field}.
-
-Enumeration types are unusual in that they define symbols for the
-enumeration values (@code{first}, @code{second}, and @code{third} in the
-above example), and even though these symbols are visible in the file as
-a whole (rather than being in a more local namespace like structure
-member names), they are defined in the type definition for the
-enumeration type rather than each having their own symbol.  In order to
-be fast, GDB will only get symbols from such types (in its initial scan
-of the stabs) if the type is the first thing defined after a @samp{T} or
-@samp{t} symbol descriptor (the above example fulfills this
-requirement).  If the type does not have a name, the compiler should
-emit it in a nameless stab (@pxref{String Field}); GCC does this.
-
-@node Structures
-@section Structures
-
-The encoding of structures in stabs can be shown with an example.
-
-The following source code declares a structure tag and defines an
-instance of the structure in global scope. Then a @code{typedef} equates the
-structure tag with a new type.  Seperate stabs are generated for the
-structure tag, the structure @code{typedef}, and the structure instance.  The
-stabs for the tag and the @code{typedef} are emited when the definitions are
-encountered.  Since the structure elements are not initialized, the
-stab and code for the structure variable itself is located at the end
-of the program in the bss section.
-
-@example
-struct s_tag @{
-  int   s_int;
-  float s_float;
-  char  s_char_vec[8];
-  struct s_tag* s_next;
-@} g_an_s;
-
-typedef struct s_tag s_typedef;
-@end example
-
-The structure tag has an @code{N_LSYM} stab type because, like the
-enumeration, the symbol has file scope.  Like the enumeration, the
-symbol descriptor is @samp{T}, for enumeration, structure, or tag type.
-The type descriptor @samp{s} following the @samp{16=} of the type
-definition narrows the symbol type to structure.
-
-Following the @samp{s} type descriptor is the number of bytes the
-structure occupies, followed by a description of each structure element.
-The structure element descriptions are of the form @var{name:type, bit
-offset from the start of the struct, number of bits in the element}.
-
-@c FIXME: phony line break.  Can probably be fixed by using an example
-@c with fewer fields.
-@example
-# @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "s_tag:T16=s20s_int:1,0,32;s_float:12,32,32;
-        s_char_vec:17=ar1;0;7;2,64,64;s_next:18=*16,128,32;;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-In this example, the first two structure elements are previously defined
-types.  For these, the type following the @samp{@var{name}:} part of the
-element description is a simple type reference.  The other two structure
-elements are new types.  In this case there is a type definition
-embedded after the @samp{@var{name}:}.  The type definition for the
-array element looks just like a type definition for a standalone array.
-The @code{s_next} field is a pointer to the same kind of structure that
-the field is an element of.  So the definition of structure type 16
-contains a type definition for an element which is a pointer to type 16.
-
-If a field is a static member (this is a C++ feature in which a single
-variable appears to be a field of every structure of a given type) it
-still starts out with the field name, a colon, and the type, but then
-instead of a comma, bit position, comma, and bit size, there is a colon
-followed by the name of the variable which each such field refers to.
-
-If the structure has methods (a C++ feature), they follow the non-method
-fields; see @ref{Cplusplus}.
-
-@node Typedefs
-@section Giving a Type a Name
-
-To give a type a name, use the @samp{t} symbol descriptor.  The type
-is specified by the type information (@pxref{String Field}) for the stab.
-For example,
-
-@example
-.stabs "s_typedef:t16",128,0,0,0     # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-@end example
-
-specifies that @code{s_typedef} refers to type number 16.  Such stabs
-have symbol type @code{N_LSYM} (or @code{C_DECL} for XCOFF).
-
-If you are specifying the tag name for a structure, union, or
-enumeration, use the @samp{T} symbol descriptor instead.  I believe C is
-the only language with this feature.
-
-If the type is an opaque type (I believe this is a Modula-2 feature),
-AIX provides a type descriptor to specify it.  The type descriptor is
-@samp{o} and is followed by a name.  I don't know what the name
-means---is it always the same as the name of the type, or is this type
-descriptor used with a nameless stab (@pxref{String Field})?  There
-optionally follows a comma followed by type information which defines
-the type of this type.  If omitted, a semicolon is used in place of the
-comma and the type information, and the type is much like a generic
-pointer type---it has a known size but little else about it is
-specified.
-
-@node Unions
-@section Unions
-
-@example
-union u_tag @{
-  int  u_int;
-  float u_float;
-  char* u_char;
-@} an_u;
-@end example
-
-This code generates a stab for a union tag and a stab for a union
-variable.  Both use the @code{N_LSYM} stab type.  If a union variable is
-scoped locally to the procedure in which it is defined, its stab is
-located immediately preceding the @code{N_LBRAC} for the procedure's block
-start.
-
-The stab for the union tag, however, is located preceding the code for
-the procedure in which it is defined.  The stab type is @code{N_LSYM}.  This
-would seem to imply that the union type is file scope, like the struct
-type @code{s_tag}.  This is not true.  The contents and position of the stab
-for @code{u_type} do not convey any infomation about its procedure local
-scope.
-
-@c FIXME: phony line break.  Can probably be fixed by using an example
-@c with fewer fields.
-@smallexample
-# @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "u_tag:T23=u4u_int:1,0,32;u_float:12,0,32;u_char:21,0,32;;",
-       128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-The symbol descriptor @samp{T}, following the @samp{name:} means that
-the stab describes an enumeration, structure, or union tag.  The type
-descriptor @samp{u}, following the @samp{23=} of the type definition,
-narrows it down to a union type definition.  Following the @samp{u} is
-the number of bytes in the union.  After that is a list of union element
-descriptions.  Their format is @var{name:type, bit offset into the
-union, number of bytes for the element;}.
-
-The stab for the union variable is:
-
-@example
-.stabs "an_u:23",128,0,0,-20     # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-@end example
-
-@samp{-20} specifies where the variable is stored (@pxref{Stack
-Variables}).
-
-@node Function Types
-@section Function Types
-
-Various types can be defined for function variables.  These types are
-not used in defining functions (@pxref{Procedures}); they are used for
-things like pointers to functions.
-
-The simple, traditional, type is type descriptor @samp{f} is followed by
-type information for the return type of the function, followed by a
-semicolon.
-
-This does not deal with functions for which the number and types of the
-parameters are part of the type, as in Modula-2 or ANSI C.  AIX provides
-extensions to specify these, using the @samp{f}, @samp{F}, @samp{p}, and
-@samp{R} type descriptors.
-
-First comes the type descriptor.  If it is @samp{f} or @samp{F}, this
-type involves a function rather than a procedure, and the type
-information for the return type of the function follows, followed by a
-comma.  Then comes the number of parameters to the function and a
-semicolon.  Then, for each parameter, there is the name of the parameter
-followed by a colon (this is only present for type descriptors @samp{R}
-and @samp{F} which represent Pascal function or procedure parameters),
-type information for the parameter, a comma, 0 if passed by reference or
-1 if passed by value, and a semicolon.  The type definition ends with a
-semicolon.
-
-For example, this variable definition:
-
-@example
-int (*g_pf)();
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-generates the following code:
-
-@example
-.stabs "g_pf:G24=*25=f1",32,0,0,0
-    .common _g_pf,4,"bss"
-@end example
-
-The variable defines a new type, 24, which is a pointer to another new
-type, 25, which is a function returning @code{int}.
-
-@node Symbol Tables
-@chapter Symbol Information in Symbol Tables
-
-This chapter describes the format of symbol table entries
-and how stab assembler directives map to them.  It also describes the
-transformations that the assembler and linker make on data from stabs.
-
-@menu
-* Symbol Table Format::
-* Transformations On Symbol Tables::
-@end menu
-
-@node Symbol Table Format
-@section Symbol Table Format
-
-Each time the assembler encounters a stab directive, it puts
-each field of the stab into a corresponding field in a symbol table
-entry of its output file.  If the stab contains a string field, the
-symbol table entry for that stab points to a string table entry
-containing the string data from the stab.  Assembler labels become
-relocatable addresses.  Symbol table entries in a.out have the format:
-
-@c FIXME: should refer to external, not internal.
-@example
-struct internal_nlist @{
-  unsigned long n_strx;         /* index into string table of name */
-  unsigned char n_type;         /* type of symbol */
-  unsigned char n_other;        /* misc info (usually empty) */
-  unsigned short n_desc;        /* description field */
-  bfd_vma n_value;              /* value of symbol */
-@};
-@end example
-
-If the stab has a string, the @code{n_strx} field holds the offset in
-bytes of the string within the string table.  The string is terminated
-by a NUL character.  If the stab lacks a string (for example, it was
-produced by a @code{.stabn} or @code{.stabd} directive), the
-@code{n_strx} field is zero.
-
-Symbol table entries with @code{n_type} field values greater than 0x1f
-originated as stabs generated by the compiler (with one random
-exception).  The other entries were placed in the symbol table of the
-executable by the assembler or the linker.
-
-@node Transformations On Symbol Tables
-@section Transformations on Symbol Tables
-
-The linker concatenates object files and does fixups of externally
-defined symbols.
-
-You can see the transformations made on stab data by the assembler and
-linker by examining the symbol table after each pass of the build.  To
-do this, use @samp{nm -ap}, which dumps the symbol table, including
-debugging information, unsorted.  For stab entries the columns are:
-@var{value}, @var{other}, @var{desc}, @var{type}, @var{string}.  For
-assembler and linker symbols, the columns are: @var{value}, @var{type},
-@var{string}.
-
-The low 5 bits of the stab type tell the linker how to relocate the
-value of the stab.  Thus for stab types like @code{N_RSYM} and
-@code{N_LSYM}, where the value is an offset or a register number, the
-low 5 bits are @code{N_ABS}, which tells the linker not to relocate the
-value.
-
-Where the value of a stab contains an assembly language label,
-it is transformed by each build step.  The assembler turns it into a
-relocatable address and the linker turns it into an absolute address.
-
-@menu
-* Transformations On Static Variables::
-* Transformations On Global Variables::
-* Stab Section Transformations::	   For some object file formats,
-                                           things are a bit different.
-@end menu
-
-@node Transformations On Static Variables
-@subsection Transformations on Static Variables
-
-This source line defines a static variable at file scope:
-
-@example
-static int s_g_repeat
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The following stab describes the symbol:
-
-@example
-.stabs "s_g_repeat:S1",38,0,0,_s_g_repeat
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The assembler transforms the stab into this symbol table entry in the
-@file{.o} file.  The location is expressed as a data segment offset.
-
-@example
-00000084 - 00 0000 STSYM s_g_repeat:S1
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-In the symbol table entry from the executable, the linker has made the
-relocatable address absolute.
-
-@example
-0000e00c - 00 0000 STSYM s_g_repeat:S1
-@end example
-
-@node Transformations On Global Variables
-@subsection Transformations on Global Variables
-
-Stabs for global variables do not contain location information. In
-this case, the debugger finds location information in the assembler or
-linker symbol table entry describing the variable.  The source line:
-
-@example
-char g_foo = 'c';
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-generates the stab:
-
-@example
-.stabs "g_foo:G2",32,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-The variable is represented by two symbol table entries in the object
-file (see below).  The first one originated as a stab.  The second one
-is an external symbol.  The upper case @samp{D} signifies that the
-@code{n_type} field of the symbol table contains 7, @code{N_DATA} with
-local linkage.  The stab's value is zero since the value is not used for
-@code{N_GSYM} stabs.  The value of the linker symbol is the relocatable
-address corresponding to the variable.
-
-@example
-00000000 - 00 0000  GSYM g_foo:G2
-00000080 D _g_foo
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-These entries as transformed by the linker.  The linker symbol table
-entry now holds an absolute address:
-
-@example
-00000000 - 00 0000  GSYM g_foo:G2
-@dots{}
-0000e008 D _g_foo
-@end example
-
-@node Stab Section Transformations
-@subsection Transformations of Stabs in separate sections
-
-For object file formats using stabs in separate sections (@pxref{Stab
-Sections}), use @code{objdump --stabs} instead of @code{nm} to show the
-stabs in an object or executable file.  @code{objdump} is a GNU utility;
-Sun does not provide any equivalent.
-
-The following example is for a stab whose value is an address is
-relative to the compilation unit (@pxref{ELF Linker Relocation}).  For
-example, if the source line
-
-@example
-static int ld = 5;
-@end example
-
-appears within a function, then the assembly language output from the
-compiler contains:
-
-@example
-.Ddata.data:
-@dots{}
-        .stabs "ld:V(0,3)",0x26,0,4,.L18-Ddata.data    # @r{0x26 is N_STSYM}
-@dots{}
-.L18:
-        .align 4
-        .word 0x5
-@end example
-
-Because the value is formed by subtracting one symbol from another, the
-value is absolute, not relocatable, and so the object file contains
-
-@example
-Symnum n_type n_othr n_desc n_value  n_strx String
-31     STSYM  0      4      00000004 680    ld:V(0,3)
-@end example
-
-without any relocations, and the executable file also contains
-
-@example
-Symnum n_type n_othr n_desc n_value  n_strx String
-31     STSYM  0      4      00000004 680    ld:V(0,3)
-@end example
-
-@node Cplusplus
-@chapter GNU C++ Stabs
-
-@menu
-* Class Names::			C++ class names are both tags and typedefs.
-* Nested Symbols::		C++ symbol names can be within other types.
-* Basic Cplusplus Types::
-* Simple Classes::
-* Class Instance::
-* Methods::			Method definition
-* Method Type Descriptor::      The @samp{#} type descriptor
-* Member Type Descriptor::      The @samp{@@} type descriptor
-* Protections::
-* Method Modifiers::
-* Virtual Methods::
-* Inheritence::
-* Virtual Base Classes::
-* Static Members::
-@end menu
-
-@node Class Names
-@section C++ Class Names
-
-In C++, a class name which is declared with @code{class}, @code{struct},
-or @code{union}, is not only a tag, as in C, but also a type name.  Thus
-there should be stabs with both @samp{t} and @samp{T} symbol descriptors
-(@pxref{Typedefs}).
-
-To save space, there is a special abbreviation for this case.  If the
-@samp{T} symbol descriptor is followed by @samp{t}, then the stab
-defines both a type name and a tag.
-
-For example, the C++ code
-
-@example
-struct foo @{int x;@};
-@end example
-
-can be represented as either
-
-@example
-.stabs "foo:T19=s4x:1,0,32;;",128,0,0,0       # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "foo:t19",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-or
-
-@example
-.stabs "foo:Tt19=s4x:1,0,32;;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@node Nested Symbols
-@section Defining a Symbol Within Another Type
-
-In C++, a symbol (such as a type name) can be defined within another type.
-@c FIXME: Needs example.
-
-In stabs, this is sometimes represented by making the name of a symbol
-which contains @samp{::}.  Such a pair of colons does not end the name
-of the symbol, the way a single colon would (@pxref{String Field}).  I'm
-not sure how consistently used or well thought out this mechanism is.
-So that a pair of colons in this position always has this meaning,
-@samp{:} cannot be used as a symbol descriptor.
-
-For example, if the string for a stab is @samp{foo::bar::baz:t5=*6},
-then @code{foo::bar::baz} is the name of the symbol, @samp{t} is the
-symbol descriptor, and @samp{5=*6} is the type information.
-
-@node Basic Cplusplus Types
-@section Basic Types For C++
-
-<< the examples that follow are based on a01.C >>
-
-
-C++ adds two more builtin types to the set defined for C.  These are
-the unknown type and the vtable record type.  The unknown type, type
-16, is defined in terms of itself like the void type.
-
-The vtable record type, type 17, is defined as a structure type and
-then as a structure tag.  The structure has four fields: delta, index,
-pfn, and delta2.  pfn is the function pointer.
-
-<< In boilerplate $vtbl_ptr_type, what are the fields delta,
-index, and delta2 used for? >>
-
-This basic type is present in all C++ programs even if there are no
-virtual methods defined.
-
-@display
-.stabs "struct_name:sym_desc(type)type_def(17)=type_desc(struct)struct_bytes(8)
-        elem_name(delta):type_ref(short int),bit_offset(0),field_bits(16);
-        elem_name(index):type_ref(short int),bit_offset(16),field_bits(16);
-        elem_name(pfn):type_def(18)=type_desc(ptr to)type_ref(void),
-                                    bit_offset(32),field_bits(32);
-        elem_name(delta2):type_def(short int);bit_offset(32),field_bits(16);;"
-        N_LSYM, NIL, NIL
-@end display
-
-@smallexample
-.stabs "$vtbl_ptr_type:t17=s8
-        delta:6,0,16;index:6,16,16;pfn:18=*15,32,32;delta2:6,32,16;;"
-        ,128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-@display
-.stabs "name:sym_dec(struct tag)type_ref($vtbl_ptr_type)",N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-@end display
-
-@example
-.stabs "$vtbl_ptr_type:T17",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@node Simple Classes
-@section Simple Class Definition
-
-The stabs describing C++ language features are an extension of the
-stabs describing C.  Stabs representing C++ class types elaborate
-extensively on the stab format used to describe structure types in C.
-Stabs representing class type variables look just like stabs
-representing C language variables.
-
-Consider the following very simple class definition.
-
-@example
-class baseA @{
-public:
-        int Adat;
-        int Ameth(int in, char other);
-@};
-@end example
-
-The class @code{baseA} is represented by two stabs.  The first stab describes
-the class as a structure type.  The second stab describes a structure
-tag of the class type.  Both stabs are of stab type @code{N_LSYM}.  Since the
-stab is not located between an @code{N_FUN} and an @code{N_LBRAC} stab this indicates
-that the class is defined at file scope.  If it were, then the @code{N_LSYM}
-would signify a local variable.
-
-A stab describing a C++ class type is similar in format to a stab
-describing a C struct, with each class member shown as a field in the
-structure.  The part of the struct format describing fields is
-expanded to include extra information relevent to C++ class members.
-In addition, if the class has multiple base classes or virtual
-functions the struct format outside of the field parts is also
-augmented.
-
-In this simple example the field part of the C++ class stab
-representing member data looks just like the field part of a C struct
-stab.  The section on protections describes how its format is
-sometimes extended for member data.
-
-The field part of a C++ class stab representing a member function
-differs substantially from the field part of a C struct stab.  It
-still begins with @samp{name:} but then goes on to define a new type number
-for the member function, describe its return type, its argument types,
-its protection level, any qualifiers applied to the method definition,
-and whether the method is virtual or not.  If the method is virtual
-then the method description goes on to give the vtable index of the
-method, and the type number of the first base class defining the
-method.
-
-When the field name is a method name it is followed by two colons rather
-than one.  This is followed by a new type definition for the method.
-This is a number followed by an equal sign and the type of the method.
-Normally this will be a type declared using the @samp{#} type
-descriptor; see @ref{Method Type Descriptor}; static member functions
-are declared using the @samp{f} type descriptor instead; see
-@ref{Function Types}.
-
-The format of an overloaded operator method name differs from that of
-other methods.  It is @samp{op$::@var{operator-name}.} where
-@var{operator-name} is the operator name such as @samp{+} or @samp{+=}.
-The name ends with a period, and any characters except the period can
-occur in the @var{operator-name} string.
-
-The next part of the method description represents the arguments to the
-method, preceeded by a colon and ending with a semi-colon.  The types of
-the arguments are expressed in the same way argument types are expressed
-in C++ name mangling.  In this example an @code{int} and a @code{char}
-map to @samp{ic}.
-
-This is followed by a number, a letter, and an asterisk or period,
-followed by another semicolon.  The number indicates the protections
-that apply to the member function.  Here the 2 means public.  The
-letter encodes any qualifier applied to the method definition.  In
-this case, @samp{A} means that it is a normal function definition.  The dot
-shows that the method is not virtual.  The sections that follow
-elaborate further on these fields and describe the additional
-information present for virtual methods.
-
-
-@display
-.stabs "class_name:sym_desc(type)type_def(20)=type_desc(struct)struct_bytes(4)
-        field_name(Adat):type(int),bit_offset(0),field_bits(32);
-
-        method_name(Ameth)::type_def(21)=type_desc(method)return_type(int);
-        :arg_types(int char);
-        protection(public)qualifier(normal)virtual(no);;"
-        N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-@end display
-
-@smallexample
-.stabs "baseA:t20=s4Adat:1,0,32;Ameth::21=##1;:ic;2A.;;",128,0,0,0
-
-.stabs "class_name:sym_desc(struct tag)",N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-
-.stabs "baseA:T20",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-@node Class Instance
-@section Class Instance
-
-As shown above, describing even a simple C++ class definition is
-accomplished by massively extending the stab format used in C to
-describe structure types.  However, once the class is defined, C stabs
-with no modifications can be used to describe class instances.  The
-following source:
-
-@example
-main () @{
-        baseA AbaseA;
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-yields the following stab describing the class instance.  It looks no
-different from a standard C stab describing a local variable.
-
-@display
-.stabs "name:type_ref(baseA)", N_LSYM, NIL, NIL, frame_ptr_offset
-@end display
-
-@example
-.stabs "AbaseA:20",128,0,0,-20
-@end example
-
-@node Methods
-@section Method Definition
-
-The class definition shown above declares Ameth.  The C++ source below
-defines Ameth:
-
-@example
-int
-baseA::Ameth(int in, char other)
-@{
-        return in;
-@};
-@end example
-
-
-This method definition yields three stabs following the code of the
-method.  One stab describes the method itself and following two describe
-its parameters.  Although there is only one formal argument all methods
-have an implicit argument which is the @code{this} pointer.  The @code{this}
-pointer is a pointer to the object on which the method was called.  Note
-that the method name is mangled to encode the class name and argument
-types.  Name mangling is described in the @sc{arm} (@cite{The Annotated
-C++ Reference Manual}, by Ellis and Stroustrup, @sc{isbn}
-0-201-51459-1); @file{gpcompare.texi} in Cygnus GCC distributions
-describes the differences between GNU mangling and @sc{arm}
-mangling.
-@c FIXME: Use @xref, especially if this is generally installed in the
-@c info tree.
-@c FIXME: This information should be in a net release, either of GCC or
-@c GDB.  But gpcompare.texi doesn't seem to be in the FSF GCC.
-
-@example
-.stabs "name:symbol_desriptor(global function)return_type(int)",
-        N_FUN, NIL, NIL, code_addr_of_method_start
-
-.stabs "Ameth__5baseAic:F1",36,0,0,_Ameth__5baseAic
-@end example
-
-Here is the stab for the @code{this} pointer implicit argument.  The
-name of the @code{this} pointer is always @code{this}.  Type 19, the
-@code{this} pointer is defined as a pointer to type 20, @code{baseA},
-but a stab defining @code{baseA} has not yet been emited.  Since the
-compiler knows it will be emited shortly, here it just outputs a cross
-reference to the undefined symbol, by prefixing the symbol name with
-@samp{xs}.
-
-@example
-.stabs "name:sym_desc(register param)type_def(19)=
-        type_desc(ptr to)type_ref(baseA)=
-        type_desc(cross-reference to)baseA:",N_RSYM,NIL,NIL,register_number
-
-.stabs "this:P19=*20=xsbaseA:",64,0,0,8
-@end example
-
-The stab for the explicit integer argument looks just like a parameter
-to a C function.  The last field of the stab is the offset from the
-argument pointer, which in most systems is the same as the frame
-pointer.
-
-@example
-.stabs "name:sym_desc(value parameter)type_ref(int)",
-        N_PSYM,NIL,NIL,offset_from_arg_ptr
-
-.stabs "in:p1",160,0,0,72
-@end example
-
-<< The examples that follow are based on A1.C >>
-
-@node Method Type Descriptor
-@section The @samp{#} Type Descriptor
-
-This is like the @samp{f} type descriptor for functions (@pxref{Function
-Types}), except that a function which uses the @samp{#} type descriptor
-takes an extra argument as its first argument, for the @code{this}
-pointer.  The @samp{#} type descriptor is optionally followed by the
-types of the arguments, then another @samp{#}.  If the types of the
-arguments are omitted, so that the second @samp{#} immediately follows
-the @samp{#} which is the type descriptor, the arguments are being
-omitted (to save space) and can be deduced from the mangled name of the
-method.  After the second @samp{#} there is type information for the
-return type of the method and a semicolon.
-
-Note that although such a type will normally be used to describe fields
-in structures, unions, or classes, for at least some versions of the
-compiler it can also be used in other contexts.
-
-@node Member Type Descriptor
-@section The @samp{@@} Type Descriptor
-
-The @samp{@@} type descriptor is for a member (class and variable) type.
-It is followed by type information for the offset basetype, a comma, and
-type information for the type of the field being pointed to.  (FIXME:
-this is acknowledged to be gibberish.  Can anyone say what really goes
-here?).
-
-Note that there is a conflict between this and type attributes
-(@pxref{String Field}); both use type descriptor @samp{@@}.
-Fortunately, the @samp{@@} type descriptor used in this C++ sense always
-will be followed by a digit, @samp{(}, or @samp{-}, and type attributes
-never start with those things.
-
-@node Protections
-@section Protections
-
-In the simple class definition shown above all member data and
-functions were publicly accessable.  The example that follows
-contrasts public, protected and privately accessable fields and shows
-how these protections are encoded in C++ stabs.
-
-If the character following the @samp{@var{field-name}:} part of the
-string is @samp{/}, then the next character is the visibility.  @samp{0}
-means private, @samp{1} means protected, and @samp{2} means public.
-Debuggers should ignore visibility characters they do not recognize, and
-assume a reasonable default (such as public) (GDB 4.11 does not, but
-this should be fixed in the next GDB release).  If no visibility is
-specified the field is public.  The visibility @samp{9} means that the
-field has been optimized out and is public (there is no way to specify
-an optimized out field with a private or protected visibility).
-Visibility @samp{9} is not supported by GDB 4.11; this should be fixed
-in the next GDB release.
-
-The following C++ source:
-
-@example
-class vis @{
-private:
-        int   priv;
-protected:
-        char  prot;
-public:
-        float pub;
-@};
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-generates the following stab:
-
-@example
-# @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "vis:T19=s12priv:/01,0,32;prot:/12,32,8;pub:12,64,32;;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@samp{vis:T19=s12} indicates that type number 19 is a 12 byte structure
-named @code{vis} The @code{priv} field has public visibility
-(@samp{/0}), type int (@samp{1}), and offset and size @samp{,0,32;}.
-The @code{prot} field has protected visibility (@samp{/1}), type char
-(@samp{2}) and offset and size @samp{,32,8;}.  The @code{pub} field has
-type float (@samp{12}), and offset and size @samp{,64,32;}.
-
-Protections for member functions are signified by one digit embeded in
-the field part of the stab describing the method.  The digit is 0 if
-private, 1 if protected and 2 if public.  Consider the C++ class
-definition below:
-
-@example
-class all_methods @{
-private:
-        int   priv_meth(int in)@{return in;@};
-protected:
-        char  protMeth(char in)@{return in;@};
-public:
-        float pubMeth(float in)@{return in;@};
-@};
-@end example
-
-It generates the following stab.  The digit in question is to the left
-of an @samp{A} in each case.  Notice also that in this case two symbol
-descriptors apply to the class name struct tag and struct type.
-
-@display
-.stabs "class_name:sym_desc(struct tag&type)type_def(21)=
-        sym_desc(struct)struct_bytes(1)
-        meth_name::type_def(22)=sym_desc(method)returning(int);
-        :args(int);protection(private)modifier(normal)virtual(no);
-        meth_name::type_def(23)=sym_desc(method)returning(char);
-        :args(char);protection(protected)modifier(normal)virual(no);
-        meth_name::type_def(24)=sym_desc(method)returning(float);
-        :args(float);protection(public)modifier(normal)virtual(no);;",
-        N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-@end display
-
-@smallexample
-.stabs "all_methods:Tt21=s1priv_meth::22=##1;:i;0A.;protMeth::23=##2;:c;1A.;
-        pubMeth::24=##12;:f;2A.;;",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-@node Method Modifiers
-@section Method Modifiers (@code{const}, @code{volatile}, @code{const volatile})
-
-<< based on a6.C >>
-
-In the class example described above all the methods have the normal
-modifier.  This method modifier information is located just after the
-protection information for the method.  This field has four possible
-character values.  Normal methods use @samp{A}, const methods use
-@samp{B}, volatile methods use @samp{C}, and const volatile methods use
-@samp{D}.  Consider the class definition below:
-
-@example
-class A @{
-public:
-        int ConstMeth (int arg) const @{ return arg; @};
-        char VolatileMeth (char arg) volatile @{ return arg; @};
-        float ConstVolMeth (float arg) const volatile @{return arg; @};
-@};
-@end example
-
-This class is described by the following stab:
-
-@display
-.stabs "class(A):sym_desc(struct)type_def(20)=type_desc(struct)struct_bytes(1)
-        meth_name(ConstMeth)::type_def(21)sym_desc(method)
-        returning(int);:arg(int);protection(public)modifier(const)virtual(no);
-        meth_name(VolatileMeth)::type_def(22)=sym_desc(method)
-        returning(char);:arg(char);protection(public)modifier(volatile)virt(no)
-        meth_name(ConstVolMeth)::type_def(23)=sym_desc(method)
-        returning(float);:arg(float);protection(public)modifer(const volatile)
-        virtual(no);;", @dots{}
-@end display
-
-@example
-.stabs "A:T20=s1ConstMeth::21=##1;:i;2B.;VolatileMeth::22=##2;:c;2C.;
-             ConstVolMeth::23=##12;:f;2D.;;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@node Virtual Methods
-@section Virtual Methods
-
-<< The following examples are based on a4.C >>
-
-The presence of virtual methods in a class definition adds additional
-data to the class description.  The extra data is appended to the
-description of the virtual method and to the end of the class
-description.  Consider the class definition below:
-
-@example
-class A @{
-public:
-        int Adat;
-        virtual int A_virt (int arg) @{ return arg; @};
-@};
-@end example
-
-This results in the stab below describing class A.  It defines a new
-type (20) which is an 8 byte structure.  The first field of the class
-struct is @samp{Adat}, an integer, starting at structure offset 0 and
-occupying 32 bits.
-
-The second field in the class struct is not explicitly defined by the
-C++ class definition but is implied by the fact that the class
-contains a virtual method.  This field is the vtable pointer.  The
-name of the vtable pointer field starts with @samp{$vf} and continues with a
-type reference to the class it is part of.  In this example the type
-reference for class A is 20 so the name of its vtable pointer field is
-@samp{$vf20}, followed by the usual colon.
-
-Next there is a type definition for the vtable pointer type (21).
-This is in turn defined as a pointer to another new type (22).
-
-Type 22 is the vtable itself, which is defined as an array, indexed by
-a range of integers between 0 and 1, and whose elements are of type
-17.  Type 17 was the vtable record type defined by the boilerplate C++
-type definitions, as shown earlier.
-
-The bit offset of the vtable pointer field is 32.  The number of bits
-in the field are not specified when the field is a vtable pointer.
-
-Next is the method definition for the virtual member function @code{A_virt}.
-Its description starts out using the same format as the non-virtual
-member functions described above, except instead of a dot after the
-@samp{A} there is an asterisk, indicating that the function is virtual.
-Since is is virtual some addition information is appended to the end
-of the method description.
-
-The first number represents the vtable index of the method.  This is a
-32 bit unsigned number with the high bit set, followed by a
-semi-colon.
-
-The second number is a type reference to the first base class in the
-inheritence hierarchy defining the virtual member function.  In this
-case the class stab describes a base class so the virtual function is
-not overriding any other definition of the method.  Therefore the
-reference is to the type number of the class that the stab is
-describing (20).
-
-This is followed by three semi-colons.  One marks the end of the
-current sub-section, one marks the end of the method field, and the
-third marks the end of the struct definition.
-
-For classes containing virtual functions the very last section of the
-string part of the stab holds a type reference to the first base
-class.  This is preceeded by @samp{~%} and followed by a final semi-colon.
-
-@display
-.stabs "class_name(A):type_def(20)=sym_desc(struct)struct_bytes(8)
-        field_name(Adat):type_ref(int),bit_offset(0),field_bits(32);
-        field_name(A virt func ptr):type_def(21)=type_desc(ptr to)type_def(22)=
-        sym_desc(array)index_type_ref(range of int from 0 to 1);
-        elem_type_ref(vtbl elem type),
-        bit_offset(32);
-        meth_name(A_virt)::typedef(23)=sym_desc(method)returning(int);
-        :arg_type(int),protection(public)normal(yes)virtual(yes)
-        vtable_index(1);class_first_defining(A);;;~%first_base(A);",
-        N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-@end display
-
-@c FIXME: bogus line break.
-@example
-.stabs "A:t20=s8Adat:1,0,32;$vf20:21=*22=ar1;0;1;17,32;
-        A_virt::23=##1;:i;2A*-2147483647;20;;;~%20;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@node Inheritence
-@section Inheritence
-
-Stabs describing C++ derived classes include additional sections that
-describe the inheritence hierarchy of the class.  A derived class stab
-also encodes the number of base classes.  For each base class it tells
-if the base class is virtual or not, and if the inheritence is private
-or public.  It also gives the offset into the object of the portion of
-the object corresponding to each base class.
-
-This additional information is embeded in the class stab following the
-number of bytes in the struct.  First the number of base classes
-appears bracketed by an exclamation point and a comma.
-
-Then for each base type there repeats a series: a virtual character, a
-visibilty character, a number, a comma, another number, and a
-semi-colon.
-
-The virtual character is @samp{1} if the base class is virtual and
-@samp{0} if not.  The visibility character is @samp{2} if the derivation
-is public, @samp{1} if it is protected, and @samp{0} if it is private.
-Debuggers should ignore virtual or visibility characters they do not
-recognize, and assume a reasonable default (such as public and
-non-virtual) (GDB 4.11 does not, but this should be fixed in the next
-GDB release).
-
-The number following the virtual and visibility characters is the offset
-from the start of the object to the part of the object pertaining to the
-base class.
-
-After the comma, the second number is a type_descriptor for the base
-type.  Finally a semi-colon ends the series, which repeats for each
-base class.
-
-The source below defines three base classes @code{A}, @code{B}, and
-@code{C} and the derived class @code{D}.
-
-
-@example
-class A @{
-public:
-        int Adat;
-        virtual int A_virt (int arg) @{ return arg; @};
-@};
-
-class B @{
-public:
-        int B_dat;
-        virtual int B_virt (int arg) @{return arg; @};
-@};
-
-class C @{
-public:
-        int Cdat;
-        virtual int C_virt (int arg) @{return arg; @};
-@};
-
-class D : A, virtual B, public C @{
-public:
-        int Ddat;
-        virtual int A_virt (int arg ) @{ return arg+1; @};
-        virtual int B_virt (int arg)  @{ return arg+2; @};
-        virtual int C_virt (int arg)  @{ return arg+3; @};
-        virtual int D_virt (int arg)  @{ return arg; @};
-@};
-@end example
-
-Class stabs similar to the ones described earlier are generated for
-each base class.
-
-@c FIXME!!! the linebreaks in the following example probably make the
-@c examples literally unusable, but I don't know any other way to get
-@c them on the page.
-@c One solution would be to put some of the type definitions into
-@c separate stabs, even if that's not exactly what the compiler actually
-@c emits.
-@smallexample
-.stabs "A:T20=s8Adat:1,0,32;$vf20:21=*22=ar1;0;1;17,32;
-        A_virt::23=##1;:i;2A*-2147483647;20;;;~%20;",128,0,0,0
-
-.stabs "B:Tt25=s8Bdat:1,0,32;$vf25:21,32;B_virt::26=##1;
-        :i;2A*-2147483647;25;;;~%25;",128,0,0,0
-
-.stabs "C:Tt28=s8Cdat:1,0,32;$vf28:21,32;C_virt::29=##1;
-        :i;2A*-2147483647;28;;;~%28;",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-In the stab describing derived class @code{D} below, the information about
-the derivation of this class is encoded as follows.
-
-@display
-.stabs "derived_class_name:symbol_descriptors(struct tag&type)=
-        type_descriptor(struct)struct_bytes(32)!num_bases(3),
-        base_virtual(no)inheritence_public(no)base_offset(0),
-        base_class_type_ref(A);
-        base_virtual(yes)inheritence_public(no)base_offset(NIL),
-        base_class_type_ref(B);
-        base_virtual(no)inheritence_public(yes)base_offset(64),
-        base_class_type_ref(C); @dots{}
-@end display
-
-@c FIXME! fake linebreaks.
-@smallexample
-.stabs "D:Tt31=s32!3,000,20;100,25;0264,28;$vb25:24,128;Ddat:
-        1,160,32;A_virt::32=##1;:i;2A*-2147483647;20;;B_virt:
-        :32:i;2A*-2147483647;25;;C_virt::32:i;2A*-2147483647;
-        28;;D_virt::32:i;2A*-2147483646;31;;;~%20;",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-@node Virtual Base Classes
-@section Virtual Base Classes
-
-A derived class object consists of a concatination in memory of the data
-areas defined by each base class, starting with the leftmost and ending
-with the rightmost in the list of base classes.  The exception to this
-rule is for virtual inheritence.  In the example above, class @code{D}
-inherits virtually from base class @code{B}.  This means that an
-instance of a @code{D} object will not contain its own @code{B} part but
-merely a pointer to a @code{B} part, known as a virtual base pointer.
-
-In a derived class stab, the base offset part of the derivation
-information, described above, shows how the base class parts are
-ordered.  The base offset for a virtual base class is always given as 0.
-Notice that the base offset for @code{B} is given as 0 even though
-@code{B} is not the first base class.  The first base class @code{A}
-starts at offset 0.
-
-The field information part of the stab for class @code{D} describes the field
-which is the pointer to the virtual base class @code{B}. The vbase pointer
-name is @samp{$vb} followed by a type reference to the virtual base class.
-Since the type id for @code{B} in this example is 25, the vbase pointer name
-is @samp{$vb25}.
-
-@c FIXME!! fake linebreaks below
-@smallexample
-.stabs "D:Tt31=s32!3,000,20;100,25;0264,28;$vb25:24,128;Ddat:1,
-       160,32;A_virt::32=##1;:i;2A*-2147483647;20;;B_virt::32:i;
-       2A*-2147483647;25;;C_virt::32:i;2A*-2147483647;28;;D_virt:
-       :32:i;2A*-2147483646;31;;;~%20;",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-Following the name and a semicolon is a type reference describing the
-type of the virtual base class pointer, in this case 24.  Type 24 was
-defined earlier as the type of the @code{B} class @code{this} pointer.  The
-@code{this} pointer for a class is a pointer to the class type.
-
-@example
-.stabs "this:P24=*25=xsB:",64,0,0,8
-@end example
-
-Finally the field offset part of the vbase pointer field description
-shows that the vbase pointer is the first field in the @code{D} object,
-before any data fields defined by the class.  The layout of a @code{D}
-class object is a follows, @code{Adat} at 0, the vtable pointer for
-@code{A} at 32, @code{Cdat} at 64, the vtable pointer for C at 96, the
-virtual base pointer for @code{B} at 128, and @code{Ddat} at 160.
-
-
-@node Static Members
-@section Static Members
-
-The data area for a class is a concatenation of the space used by the
-data members of the class.  If the class has virtual methods, a vtable
-pointer follows the class data.  The field offset part of each field
-description in the class stab shows this ordering.
-
-<< How is this reflected in stabs?  See Cygnus bug #677 for some info.  >>
-
-@node Stab Types
-@appendix Table of Stab Types
-
-The following are all the possible values for the stab type field, for
-a.out files, in numeric order.  This does not apply to XCOFF, but
-it does apply to stabs in sections (@pxref{Stab Sections}).  Stabs in
-ECOFF use these values but add 0x8f300 to distinguish them from non-stab
-symbols.
-
-The symbolic names are defined in the file @file{include/aout/stabs.def}.
-
-@menu
-* Non-Stab Symbol Types::	Types from 0 to 0x1f
-* Stab Symbol Types::		Types from 0x20 to 0xff
-@end menu
-
-@node Non-Stab Symbol Types
-@appendixsec Non-Stab Symbol Types
-
-The following types are used by the linker and assembler, not by stab
-directives.  Since this document does not attempt to describe aspects of
-object file format other than the debugging format, no details are
-given.
-
-@c Try to get most of these to fit on a single line.
-@iftex
-@tableindent=1.5in
-@end iftex
-
-@table @code
-@item 0x0     N_UNDF
-Undefined symbol
-
-@item 0x2     N_ABS
-File scope absolute symbol
-
-@item 0x3     N_ABS | N_EXT
-External absolute symbol
-
-@item 0x4     N_TEXT
-File scope text symbol
-
-@item 0x5     N_TEXT | N_EXT
-External text symbol
-
-@item 0x6     N_DATA
-File scope data symbol
-
-@item 0x7     N_DATA | N_EXT
-External data symbol
-
-@item 0x8     N_BSS
-File scope BSS symbol
-
-@item 0x9     N_BSS | N_EXT
-External BSS symbol
-
-@item 0x0c    N_FN_SEQ
-Same as @code{N_FN}, for Sequent compilers
-
-@item 0x0a    N_INDR
-Symbol is indirected to another symbol
-
-@item 0x12    N_COMM
-Common---visible after shared library dynamic link
-
-@item 0x14 N_SETA
-@itemx 0x15 N_SETA | N_EXT
-Absolute set element
-
-@item 0x16 N_SETT
-@itemx 0x17 N_SETT | N_EXT
-Text segment set element
-
-@item 0x18 N_SETD
-@itemx 0x19 N_SETD | N_EXT
-Data segment set element
-
-@item 0x1a N_SETB
-@itemx 0x1b N_SETB | N_EXT
-BSS segment set element
-
-@item 0x1c N_SETV
-@itemx 0x1d N_SETV | N_EXT
-Pointer to set vector
-
-@item 0x1e N_WARNING
-Print a warning message during linking
-
-@item 0x1f    N_FN
-File name of a @file{.o} file
-@end table
-
-@node Stab Symbol Types
-@appendixsec Stab Symbol Types
-
-The following symbol types indicate that this is a stab.  This is the
-full list of stab numbers, including stab types that are used in
-languages other than C.
-
-@table @code
-@item 0x20     N_GSYM
-Global symbol; see @ref{Global Variables}.
-
-@item 0x22     N_FNAME
-Function name (for BSD Fortran); see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item 0x24     N_FUN
-Function name (@pxref{Procedures}) or text segment variable
-(@pxref{Statics}).
-
-@item 0x26 N_STSYM
-Data segment file-scope variable; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item 0x28 N_LCSYM
-BSS segment file-scope variable; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item 0x2a N_MAIN
-Name of main routine; see @ref{Main Program}.
-
-@item 0x2c N_ROSYM
-Variable in @code{.rodata} section; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item 0x30     N_PC
-Global symbol (for Pascal); see @ref{N_PC}.
-
-@item 0x32     N_NSYMS
-Number of symbols (according to Ultrix V4.0); see @ref{N_NSYMS}.
-
-@item 0x34     N_NOMAP
-No DST map; see @ref{N_NOMAP}.
-
-@c FIXME: describe this solaris feature in the body of the text (see
-@c comments in include/aout/stab.def).
-@item 0x38 N_OBJ
-Object file (Solaris2).
-
-@c See include/aout/stab.def for (a little) more info.
-@item 0x3c N_OPT
-Debugger options (Solaris2).
-
-@item 0x40     N_RSYM
-Register variable; see @ref{Register Variables}.
-
-@item 0x42     N_M2C
-Modula-2 compilation unit; see @ref{N_M2C}.
-
-@item 0x44     N_SLINE
-Line number in text segment; see @ref{Line Numbers}.
-
-@item 0x46     N_DSLINE
-Line number in data segment; see @ref{Line Numbers}.
-
-@item 0x48     N_BSLINE
-Line number in bss segment; see @ref{Line Numbers}.
-
-@item 0x48     N_BROWS
-Sun source code browser, path to @file{.cb} file; see @ref{N_BROWS}.
-
-@item 0x4a     N_DEFD
-GNU Modula2 definition module dependency; see @ref{N_DEFD}.
-
-@item 0x4c N_FLINE
-Function start/body/end line numbers (Solaris2).
-
-@item 0x50     N_EHDECL
-GNU C++ exception variable; see @ref{N_EHDECL}.
-
-@item 0x50     N_MOD2
-Modula2 info "for imc" (according to Ultrix V4.0); see @ref{N_MOD2}.
-
-@item 0x54     N_CATCH
-GNU C++ @code{catch} clause; see @ref{N_CATCH}.
-
-@item 0x60     N_SSYM
-Structure of union element; see @ref{N_SSYM}.
-
-@item 0x62 N_ENDM
-Last stab for module (Solaris2).
-
-@item 0x64     N_SO
-Path and name of source file; see @ref{Source Files}.
-
-@item 0x80 N_LSYM
-Stack variable (@pxref{Stack Variables}) or type (@pxref{Typedefs}).
-
-@item 0x82     N_BINCL
-Beginning of an include file (Sun only); see @ref{Include Files}.
-
-@item 0x84     N_SOL
-Name of include file; see @ref{Include Files}.
-
-@item 0xa0     N_PSYM
-Parameter variable; see @ref{Parameters}.
-
-@item 0xa2     N_EINCL
-End of an include file; see @ref{Include Files}.
-
-@item 0xa4     N_ENTRY
-Alternate entry point; see @ref{Alternate Entry Points}.
-
-@item 0xc0     N_LBRAC
-Beginning of a lexical block; see @ref{Block Structure}.
-
-@item 0xc2     N_EXCL
-Place holder for a deleted include file; see @ref{Include Files}.
-
-@item 0xc4     N_SCOPE
-Modula2 scope information (Sun linker); see @ref{N_SCOPE}.
-
-@item 0xe0     N_RBRAC
-End of a lexical block; see @ref{Block Structure}.
-
-@item 0xe2     N_BCOMM
-Begin named common block; see @ref{Common Blocks}.
-
-@item 0xe4     N_ECOMM
-End named common block; see @ref{Common Blocks}.
-
-@item 0xe8     N_ECOML
-Member of a common block; see @ref{Common Blocks}.
-
-@c FIXME: How does this really work?  Move it to main body of document.
-@item 0xea N_WITH
-Pascal @code{with} statement: type,,0,0,offset (Solaris2).
-
-@item 0xf0     N_NBTEXT
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-
-@item 0xf2     N_NBDATA
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-
-@item 0xf4     N_NBBSS
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-
-@item 0xf6     N_NBSTS
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-
-@item 0xf8     N_NBLCS
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-@end table
-
-@c Restore the default table indent
-@iftex
-@tableindent=.8in
-@end iftex
-
-@node Symbol Descriptors
-@appendix Table of Symbol Descriptors
-
-The symbol descriptor is the character which follows the colon in many
-stabs, and which tells what kind of stab it is.  @xref{String Field},
-for more information about their use.
-
-@c Please keep this alphabetical
-@table @code
-@c In TeX, this looks great, digit is in italics.  But makeinfo insists
-@c on putting it in `', not realizing that @var should override @code.
-@c I don't know of any way to make makeinfo do the right thing.  Seems
-@c like a makeinfo bug to me.
-@item @var{digit}
-@itemx (
-@itemx -
-Variable on the stack; see @ref{Stack Variables}.
-
-@item :
-C++ nested symbol; see @xref{Nested Symbols}
-
-@item a
-Parameter passed by reference in register; see @ref{Reference Parameters}.
-
-@item b
-Based variable; see @ref{Based Variables}.
-
-@item c
-Constant; see @ref{Constants}.
-
-@item C
-Conformant array bound (Pascal, maybe other languages); @ref{Conformant
-Arrays}.  Name of a caught exception (GNU C++).  These can be
-distinguished because the latter uses @code{N_CATCH} and the former uses
-another symbol type.
-
-@item d
-Floating point register variable; see @ref{Register Variables}.
-
-@item D
-Parameter in floating point register; see @ref{Register Parameters}.
-
-@item f
-File scope function; see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item F
-Global function; see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item G
-Global variable; see @ref{Global Variables}.
-
-@item i
-@xref{Register Parameters}.
-
-@item I
-Internal (nested) procedure; see @ref{Nested Procedures}.
-
-@item J
-Internal (nested) function; see @ref{Nested Procedures}.
-
-@item L
-Label name (documented by AIX, no further information known).
-
-@item m
-Module; see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item p
-Argument list parameter; see @ref{Parameters}.
-
-@item pP
-@xref{Parameters}.
-
-@item pF
-Fortran Function parameter; see @ref{Parameters}.
-
-@item P
-Unfortunately, three separate meanings have been independently invented
-for this symbol descriptor.  At least the GNU and Sun uses can be
-distinguished by the symbol type.  Global Procedure (AIX) (symbol type
-used unknown); see @ref{Procedures}.  Register parameter (GNU) (symbol
-type @code{N_PSYM}); see @ref{Parameters}.  Prototype of function
-referenced by this file (Sun @code{acc}) (symbol type @code{N_FUN}).
-
-@item Q
-Static Procedure; see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item R
-Register parameter; see @ref{Register Parameters}.
-
-@item r
-Register variable; see @ref{Register Variables}.
-
-@item S
-File scope variable; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item s
-Local variable (OS9000).
-
-@item t
-Type name; see @ref{Typedefs}.
-
-@item T
-Enumeration, structure, or union tag; see @ref{Typedefs}.
-
-@item v
-Parameter passed by reference; see @ref{Reference Parameters}.
-
-@item V
-Procedure scope static variable; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item x
-Conformant array; see @ref{Conformant Arrays}.
-
-@item X
-Function return variable; see @ref{Parameters}.
-@end table
-
-@node Type Descriptors
-@appendix Table of Type Descriptors
-
-The type descriptor is the character which follows the type number and
-an equals sign.  It specifies what kind of type is being defined.
-@xref{String Field}, for more information about their use.
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{digit}
-@itemx (
-Type reference; see @ref{String Field}.
-
-@item -
-Reference to builtin type; see @ref{Negative Type Numbers}.
-
-@item #
-Method (C++); see @ref{Method Type Descriptor}.
-
-@item *
-Pointer; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item &
-Reference (C++).
-
-@item @@
-Type Attributes (AIX); see @ref{String Field}.  Member (class and variable)
-type (GNU C++); see @ref{Member Type Descriptor}.
-
-@item a
-Array; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item A
-Open array; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item b
-Pascal space type (AIX); see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.  Builtin integer
-type (Sun); see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors}.  Const and volatile
-qualfied type (OS9000).
-
-@item B
-Volatile-qualified type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item c
-Complex builtin type (AIX); see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors}.
-Const-qualified type (OS9000).
-
-@item C
-COBOL Picture type.  See AIX documentation for details.
-
-@item d
-File type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item D
-N-dimensional dynamic array; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item e
-Enumeration type; see @ref{Enumerations}.
-
-@item E
-N-dimensional subarray; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item f
-Function type; see @ref{Function Types}.
-
-@item F
-Pascal function parameter; see @ref{Function Types}
-
-@item g
-Builtin floating point type; see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors}.
-
-@item G
-COBOL Group.  See AIX documentation for details.
-
-@item i
-Imported type (AIX); see @ref{Cross-References}.  Volatile-qualified
-type (OS9000).
-
-@item k
-Const-qualified type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item K
-COBOL File Descriptor.  See AIX documentation for details.
-
-@item M
-Multiple instance type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item n
-String type; see @ref{Strings}.
-
-@item N
-Stringptr; see @ref{Strings}.
-
-@item o
-Opaque type; see @ref{Typedefs}.
-
-@item p
-Procedure; see @ref{Function Types}.
-
-@item P
-Packed array; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item r
-Range type; see @ref{Subranges}.
-
-@item R
-Builtin floating type; see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors} (Sun).  Pascal
-subroutine parameter; see @ref{Function Types} (AIX).  Detecting this
-conflict is possible with careful parsing (hint: a Pascal subroutine
-parameter type will always contain a comma, and a builtin type
-descriptor never will).
-
-@item s
-Structure type; see @ref{Structures}.
-
-@item S
-Set type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item u
-Union; see @ref{Unions}.
-
-@item v
-Variant record.  This is a Pascal and Modula-2 feature which is like a
-union within a struct in C.  See AIX documentation for details.
-
-@item w
-Wide character; see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors}.
-
-@item x
-Cross-reference; see @ref{Cross-References}.
-
-@item Y
-Used by IBM's xlC C++ compiler (for structures, I think).
-
-@item z
-gstring; see @ref{Strings}.
-@end table
-
-@node Expanded Reference
-@appendix Expanded Reference by Stab Type
-
-@c FIXME: This appendix should go away; see N_PSYM or N_SO for an example.
-
-For a full list of stab types, and cross-references to where they are
-described, see @ref{Stab Types}.  This appendix just duplicates certain
-information from the main body of this document; eventually the
-information will all be in one place.
-
-Format of an entry:
-
-The first line is the symbol type (see @file{include/aout/stab.def}).
-
-The second line describes the language constructs the symbol type
-represents.
-
-The third line is the stab format with the significant stab fields
-named and the rest NIL.
-
-Subsequent lines expand upon the meaning and possible values for each
-significant stab field.
-
-Finally, any further information.
-
-@menu
-* N_PC::			Pascal global symbol
-* N_NSYMS::			Number of symbols
-* N_NOMAP::			No DST map
-* N_M2C::			Modula-2 compilation unit
-* N_BROWS::			Path to .cb file for Sun source code browser
-* N_DEFD::			GNU Modula2 definition module dependency
-* N_EHDECL::			GNU C++ exception variable
-* N_MOD2::			Modula2 information "for imc"
-* N_CATCH::			GNU C++ "catch" clause
-* N_SSYM::			Structure or union element
-* N_SCOPE::			Modula2 scope information (Sun only)
-* Gould::			non-base register symbols used on Gould systems
-* N_LENG::			Length of preceding entry
-@end menu
-
-@node N_PC
-@section N_PC
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_PC
-@findex N_PC
-Global symbol (for Pascal).
-
-@example
-"name" -> "symbol_name"  <<?>>
-value  -> supposedly the line number (stab.def is skeptical)
-@end example
-
-@display
-@file{stabdump.c} says:
-
-global pascal symbol: name,,0,subtype,line
-<< subtype? >>
-@end display
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_NSYMS
-@section N_NSYMS
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_NSYMS
-@findex N_NSYMS
-Number of symbols (according to Ultrix V4.0).
-
-@display
-        0, files,,funcs,lines (stab.def)
-@end display
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_NOMAP
-@section N_NOMAP
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_NOMAP
-@findex N_NOMAP
-No DST map for symbol (according to Ultrix V4.0).  I think this means a
-variable has been optimized out.
-
-@display
-        name, ,0,type,ignored (stab.def)
-@end display
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_M2C
-@section N_M2C
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_M2C
-@findex N_M2C
-Modula-2 compilation unit.
-
-@example
-"string" -> "unit_name,unit_time_stamp[,code_time_stamp]"
-desc   -> unit_number
-value  -> 0 (main unit)
-          1 (any other unit)
-@end example
-
-See @cite{Dbx and Dbxtool Interfaces}, 2nd edition, by Sun, 1988, for
-more information.
-
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_BROWS
-@section N_BROWS
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_BROWS
-@findex N_BROWS
-Sun source code browser, path to @file{.cb} file
-
-<<?>>
-"path to associated @file{.cb} file"
-
-Note: N_BROWS has the same value as N_BSLINE.
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_DEFD
-@section N_DEFD
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_DEFD
-@findex N_DEFD
-GNU Modula2 definition module dependency.
-
-GNU Modula-2 definition module dependency.  The value is the
-modification time of the definition file.  The other field is non-zero
-if it is imported with the GNU M2 keyword @code{%INITIALIZE}.  Perhaps
-@code{N_M2C} can be used if there are enough empty fields?
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_EHDECL
-@section N_EHDECL
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_EHDECL
-@findex N_EHDECL
-GNU C++ exception variable <<?>>.
-
-"@var{string} is variable name"
-
-Note: conflicts with @code{N_MOD2}.
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_MOD2
-@section N_MOD2
-
-@deffn @code{.stab?} N_MOD2
-@findex N_MOD2
-Modula2 info "for imc" (according to Ultrix V4.0)
-
-Note: conflicts with @code{N_EHDECL}  <<?>>
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_CATCH
-@section N_CATCH
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_CATCH
-@findex N_CATCH
-GNU C++ @code{catch} clause
-
-GNU C++ @code{catch} clause.  The value is its address.  The desc field
-is nonzero if this entry is immediately followed by a @code{CAUGHT} stab
-saying what exception was caught.  Multiple @code{CAUGHT} stabs means
-that multiple exceptions can be caught here.  If desc is 0, it means all
-exceptions are caught here.
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_SSYM
-@section N_SSYM
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_SSYM
-@findex N_SSYM
-Structure or union element.
-
-The value is the offset in the structure.
-
-<<?looking at structs and unions in C I didn't see these>>
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_SCOPE
-@section N_SCOPE
-
-@deffn @code{.stab?} N_SCOPE
-@findex N_SCOPE
-Modula2 scope information (Sun linker)
-<<?>>
-@end deffn
-
-@node Gould
-@section Non-base registers on Gould systems
-
-@deffn @code{.stab?} N_NBTEXT
-@deffnx @code{.stab?} N_NBDATA
-@deffnx @code{.stab?} N_NBBSS
-@deffnx @code{.stab?} N_NBSTS
-@deffnx @code{.stab?} N_NBLCS
-@findex N_NBTEXT
-@findex N_NBDATA
-@findex N_NBBSS
-@findex N_NBSTS
-@findex N_NBLCS
-These are used on Gould systems for non-base registers syms.
-
-However, the following values are not the values used by Gould; they are
-the values which GNU has been documenting for these values for a long
-time, without actually checking what Gould uses.  I include these values
-only because perhaps some someone actually did something with the GNU
-information (I hope not, why GNU knowingly assigned wrong values to
-these in the header file is a complete mystery to me).
-
-@example
-240    0xf0     N_NBTEXT  ??
-242    0xf2     N_NBDATA  ??
-244    0xf4     N_NBBSS   ??
-246    0xf6     N_NBSTS   ??
-248    0xf8     N_NBLCS   ??
-@end example
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_LENG
-@section N_LENG
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_LENG
-@findex N_LENG
-Second symbol entry containing a length-value for the preceding entry.
-The value is the length.
-@end deffn
-
-@node Questions
-@appendix Questions and Anomalies
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@c I think this is changed in GCC 2.4.5 to put the line number there.
-For GNU C stabs defining local and global variables (@code{N_LSYM} and
-@code{N_GSYM}), the desc field is supposed to contain the source
-line number on which the variable is defined.  In reality the desc
-field is always 0.  (This behavior is defined in @file{dbxout.c} and
-putting a line number in desc is controlled by @samp{#ifdef
-WINNING_GDB}, which defaults to false). GDB supposedly uses this
-information if you say @samp{list @var{var}}.  In reality, @var{var} can
-be a variable defined in the program and GDB says @samp{function
-@var{var} not defined}.
-
-@item
-In GNU C stabs, there seems to be no way to differentiate tag types:
-structures, unions, and enums (symbol descriptor @samp{T}) and typedefs
-(symbol descriptor @samp{t}) defined at file scope from types defined locally
-to a procedure or other more local scope.  They all use the @code{N_LSYM}
-stab type.  Types defined at procedure scope are emited after the
-@code{N_RBRAC} of the preceding function and before the code of the
-procedure in which they are defined.  This is exactly the same as
-types defined in the source file between the two procedure bodies.
-GDB overcompensates by placing all types in block #1, the block for
-symbols of file scope.  This is true for default, @samp{-ansi} and
-@samp{-traditional} compiler options. (Bugs gcc/1063, gdb/1066.)
-
-@item
-What ends the procedure scope?  Is it the proc block's @code{N_RBRAC} or the
-next @code{N_FUN}?  (I believe its the first.)
-
-@item
-@c FIXME: This should go with the other stuff about global variables.
-Global variable stabs don't have location information.  This comes
-from the external symbol for the same variable.  The external symbol
-has a leading underbar on the _name of the variable and the stab does
-not.  How do we know these two symbol table entries are talking about
-the same symbol when their names are different? (Answer: the debugger
-knows that external symbols have leading underbars).
-
-@c FIXME: This is absurdly vague; there all kinds of differences, some
-@c of which are the same between gnu & sun, and some of which aren't.
-@c In particular, I'm pretty sure GCC works with Sun dbx by default.
-@c @item
-@c Can GCC be configured to output stabs the way the Sun compiler
-@c does, so that their native debugging tools work? <NO?> It doesn't by
-@c default.  GDB reads either format of stab. (GCC or SunC).  How about
-@c dbx?
-@end itemize
-
-@node XCOFF Differences
-@appendix Differences Between GNU Stabs in a.out and GNU Stabs in XCOFF
-
-@c FIXME: Merge *all* these into the main body of the document.
-The AIX/RS6000 native object file format is XCOFF with stabs.  This
-appendix only covers those differences which are not covered in the main
-body of this document.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-BSD a.out stab types correspond to AIX XCOFF storage classes. In general
-the mapping is @code{N_@var{stabtype}} becomes @code{C_@var{stabtype}}.
-Some stab types in a.out are not supported in XCOFF; most of these use
-@code{C_DECL}.
-
-@c FIXME: I think they are trying to say something about whether the
-@c assembler defaults the value to the location counter.
-@item
-If the XCOFF stab is an @code{N_FUN} (@code{C_FUN}) then follow the
-string field with @samp{,.} instead of just @samp{,}.
-@end itemize
-
-I think that's it for @file{.s} file differences.  They could stand to be
-better presented.  This is just a list of what I have noticed so far.
-There are a @emph{lot} of differences in the information in the symbol
-tables of the executable and object files.
-
-Mapping of a.out stab types to XCOFF storage classes:
-
-@example
-stab type       storage class
--------------------------------
-N_GSYM          C_GSYM
-N_FNAME         unused
-N_FUN           C_FUN
-N_STSYM         C_STSYM
-N_LCSYM         C_STSYM
-N_MAIN          unknown
-N_PC            unknown
-N_RSYM          C_RSYM
-unknown         C_RPSYM
-N_M2C           unknown
-N_SLINE         unknown
-N_DSLINE        unknown
-N_BSLINE        unknown
-N_BROWSE        unchanged
-N_CATCH         unknown
-N_SSYM          unknown
-N_SO            unknown
-N_LSYM          C_LSYM
-various         C_DECL
-N_BINCL         unknown
-N_SOL           unknown
-N_PSYM          C_PSYM
-N_EINCL         unknown
-N_ENTRY         C_ENTRY
-N_LBRAC         unknown
-N_EXCL          unknown
-N_SCOPE         unknown
-N_RBRAC         unknown
-N_BCOMM         C_BCOMM
-N_ECOMM         C_ECOMM
-N_ECOML         C_ECOML
-
-N_LENG          unknown
-@end example
-
-@node Sun Differences
-@appendix Differences Between GNU Stabs and Sun Native Stabs
-
-@c FIXME: Merge all this stuff into the main body of the document.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-GNU C stabs define @emph{all} types, file or procedure scope, as
-@code{N_LSYM}.  Sun doc talks about using @code{N_GSYM} too.
-
-@item
-Sun C stabs use type number pairs in the format
-(@var{file-number},@var{type-number}) where @var{file-number} is a
-number starting with 1 and incremented for each sub-source file in the
-compilation.  @var{type-number} is a number starting with 1 and
-incremented for each new type defined in the compilation.  GNU C stabs
-use the type number alone, with no source file number.
-@end itemize
-
-@node Stab Sections
-@appendix Using Stabs in Their Own Sections
-
-Many object file formats allow tools to create object files with custom
-sections containing any arbitrary data.  For any such object file
-format, stabs can be embedded in special sections.  This is how stabs
-are used with ELF and SOM, and aside from ECOFF and XCOFF, is how stabs
-are used with COFF.
-
-@menu
-* Stab Section Basics::    How to embed stabs in sections
-* ELF Linker Relocation::  Sun ELF hacks
-@end menu
-
-@node Stab Section Basics
-@appendixsec How to Embed Stabs in Sections
-
-The assembler creates two custom sections, a section named @code{.stab}
-which contains an array of fixed length structures, one struct per stab,
-and a section named @code{.stabstr} containing all the variable length
-strings that are referenced by stabs in the @code{.stab} section.  The
-byte order of the stabs binary data depends on the object file format.
-For ELF, it matches the byte order of the ELF file itself, as determined
-from the @code{EI_DATA} field in the @code{e_ident} member of the ELF
-header.  For SOM, it is always big-endian (is this true??? FIXME).  For
-COFF, it matches the byte order of the COFF headers.  The meaning of the
-fields is the same as for a.out (@pxref{Symbol Table Format}), except
-that the @code{n_strx} field is relative to the strings for the current
-compilation unit (which can be found using the synthetic N_UNDF stab
-described below), rather than the entire string table.
-
-The first stab in the @code{.stab} section for each compilation unit is
-synthetic, generated entirely by the assembler, with no corresponding
-@code{.stab} directive as input to the assembler.  This stab contains
-the following fields:
-
-@table @code
-@item n_strx
-Offset in the @code{.stabstr} section to the source filename.
-
-@item n_type
-@code{N_UNDF}.
-
-@item n_other
-Unused field, always zero.
-This may eventually be used to hold overflows from the count in
-the @code{n_desc} field.
-
-@item n_desc
-Count of upcoming symbols, i.e., the number of remaining stabs for this
-source file.
-
-@item n_value
-Size of the string table fragment associated with this source file, in
-bytes.
-@end table
-
-The @code{.stabstr} section always starts with a null byte (so that string
-offsets of zero reference a null string), followed by random length strings,
-each of which is null byte terminated.
-
-The ELF section header for the @code{.stab} section has its
-@code{sh_link} member set to the section number of the @code{.stabstr}
-section, and the @code{.stabstr} section has its ELF section
-header @code{sh_type} member set to @code{SHT_STRTAB} to mark it as a
-string table.  SOM and COFF have no way of linking the sections together
-or marking them as string tables.
-
-For COFF, the @code{.stab} and @code{.stabstr} sections are simply
-concatenated by the linker.  GDB then uses the @code{n_desc} fields to
-figure out the extent of the original sections.  Similarly, the
-@code{n_value} fields of the header symbols are added together in order
-to get the actual position of the strings in a desired @code{.stabstr}
-section.  Although this design obviates any need for the linker to relocate
-or otherwise manipulate @code{.stab} and @code{.stabstr} sections, it also
-requires some care to ensure that the offsets are calculated correctly.
-For instance, if the linker were to pad in between the @code{.stabstr}
-sections before concatenating, then the offsets to strings in the middle
-of the executable's @code{.stabstr} section would be wrong.
-
-@node ELF Linker Relocation
-@appendixsec Having the Linker Relocate Stabs in ELF 
-
-This section describes some Sun hacks for Stabs in ELF; it does not
-apply to COFF or SOM.
-
-To keep linking fast, you don't want the linker to have to relocate very
-many stabs.  Making sure this is done for @code{N_SLINE},
-@code{N_RBRAC}, and @code{N_LBRAC} stabs is the most important thing
-(see the descriptions of those stabs for more information).  But Sun's
-stabs in ELF has taken this further, to make all addresses in the
-@code{n_value} field (functions and static variables) relative to the
-source file.  For the @code{N_SO} symbol itself, Sun simply omits the
-address.  To find the address of each section corresponding to a given
-source file, the compiler puts out symbols giving the address of each
-section for a given source file.  Since these are ELF (not stab)
-symbols, the linker relocates them correctly without having to touch the
-stabs section.  They are named @code{Bbss.bss} for the bss section,
-@code{Ddata.data} for the data section, and @code{Drodata.rodata} for
-the rodata section.  For the text section, there is no such symbol (but
-there should be, see below).  For an example of how these symbols work,
-@xref{Stab Section Transformations}.  GCC does not provide these symbols;
-it instead relies on the stabs getting relocated.  Thus addresses which
-would normally be relative to @code{Bbss.bss}, etc., are already
-relocated.  The Sun linker provided with Solaris 2.2 and earlier
-relocates stabs using normal ELF relocation information, as it would do
-for any section.  Sun has been threatening to kludge their linker to not
-do this (to speed up linking), even though the correct way to avoid
-having the linker do these relocations is to have the compiler no longer
-output relocatable values.  Last I heard they had been talked out of the
-linker kludge.  See Sun point patch 101052-01 and Sun bug 1142109.  With
-the Sun compiler this affects @samp{S} symbol descriptor stabs
-(@pxref{Statics}) and functions (@pxref{Procedures}).  In the latter
-case, to adopt the clean solution (making the value of the stab relative
-to the start of the compilation unit), it would be necessary to invent a
-@code{Ttext.text} symbol, analogous to the @code{Bbss.bss}, etc.,
-symbols.  I recommend this rather than using a zero value and getting
-the address from the ELF symbols.
-
-Finding the correct @code{Bbss.bss}, etc., symbol is difficult, because
-the linker simply concatenates the @code{.stab} sections from each
-@file{.o} file without including any information about which part of a
-@code{.stab} section comes from which @file{.o} file.  The way GDB does
-this is to look for an ELF @code{STT_FILE} symbol which has the same
-name as the last component of the file name from the @code{N_SO} symbol
-in the stabs (for example, if the file name is @file{../../gdb/main.c},
-it looks for an ELF @code{STT_FILE} symbol named @code{main.c}).  This
-loses if different files have the same name (they could be in different
-directories, a library could have been copied from one system to
-another, etc.).  It would be much cleaner to have the @code{Bbss.bss}
-symbols in the stabs themselves.  Having the linker relocate them there
-is no more work than having the linker relocate ELF symbols, and it
-solves the problem of having to associate the ELF and stab symbols.
-However, no one has yet designed or implemented such a scheme.
-
-@node Symbol Types Index
-@unnumbered Symbol Types Index
-
-@printindex fn
-
-@contents
-@bye