Time for house-cleaning:

o remove all entries before RELENG_7 was branched, as is tradition[*].
o Update examples...  nobody cares about 5.x upgrades.
o minor format tweaking in a few places.
o update copyright (although at best I hold an editors copyright these days).
o Remove giving people permission to buy me beer.  I don't do enough for
  this document for that anymore...

1 files changed, 119 insertions, 826 deletions

diff --git a/UPDATING b/UPDATING
index 893744a2652d..02a1c75696c3 100644
--- a/UPDATING
+++ b/UPDATING
@@ -1,51 +1,53 @@
 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
 
-This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh
-<imp@village.org>.  See end of file for further details.  For commonly
-done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.
+This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
+See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
+COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
+basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
+handbook.
 
 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
-/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running
-portupgrade.
+/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
 
 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW:
-	FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in
-	both the kernel and userland.  These features attempt to detect
-	incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure
-	through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics.  They
-	also substantially impact system performance.  If you want to
-	do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization,
-	you'll want to turn them off.  This includes various WITNESS-
-	related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags
-	in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel.  Many
-	developers choose to disable these features on build machines
-	to maximize performance.  (To disable malloc debugging, run
+	FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
+	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
+	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
+	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
+	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
+	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
+	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
+	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
+	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
+	machines to maximize performance.  (To disable malloc debugging, run
 	ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.)
 
 20090813:
-	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI
-	only for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard()
-	and maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32
-	and amd64.
+	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI only
+	for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
+	maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
+
+20090803:
+	RELENG_8 branched.
 
 20090719:
-	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that
-	do not use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.
-	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800105.
+	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
+	use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.  Bump
+	__FreeBSD_version to 800105.
 
 20090714:
-	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack
-	support, all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.
-	As this change breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
+	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
+	all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.  As this change
+	breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
 
 20090713:
-	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove struct
-	tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.  The
-	cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and needs
-	to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks the ABI,
-	bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
+	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
+	struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
+	The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
+	needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
+	the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
 
-20090712:
+20090712: 
 	Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
 	<netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
 	maintainig the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
@@ -53,79 +55,75 @@ NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW:
 	any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
 
 20090630:
-	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old
-	kernel RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel
-	configurations may need to be adjusted.
+	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
+	RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
+	may need to be adjusted.
 
 20090629:
-	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have
-	been removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal
-	way using routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can
-	generally be replaced with routing sockets.
+	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
+	removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
+	routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
+	with routing sockets.
 
 20090628:
-	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project
-	(Handbook, FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by
-	sysinstall(8) and under the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd
-	directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
+	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
+	FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
+	the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
 
 20090624:
-	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have
-	been changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43
-	kernel options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
-	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800100.
+	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
+	changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
+	options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to
+	800100.
 
 20090622:
-	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables
-	were moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be
-	recompiled.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800099.
+	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
+	moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled.  Bump
+	__FreeBSD_version to 800099.
 
 20090619:
-	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023
-	and 1024 respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per
-	process are used, no changes should be visible.  When more
-	than 16 groups are used, old binaries may fail if they call
-	getgroups() or getgrouplist() with statically sized storage.
-	Recompiling will work around this, but applications should be
-	modified to use dynamically allocated storage for group arrays
-	as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's number of
-	supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
-
-	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of
-	groups is truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16
-	groups, should take care that negative group permissions are not
-	used on the exported file systems as they will not be reliable
-	unless a GSSAPI based authentication method is used.
-
-20090616:
-	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.
-	This option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
-	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the
-	flag LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to
-	adaptive spinning when both held in write and read mode.
+	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
+	respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
+	no changes should be visible.  When more than 16 groups are used, old
+	binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
+	statically sized storage.  Recompiling will work around this, but
+	applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
+	for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
+	number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
+
+	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
+	truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
+	take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
+	file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
+	authentication method is used.
+
+20090616: 
+	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.  This
+	option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
+	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
+	LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
+	spinning when both held in write and read mode.
 
 20090613:
-	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO
-	has changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be
-	rebuilt.
+	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
+	changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
 
 20090611:
-	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules
-	need to be rebuilt.
+	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules need to
+	be rebuilt.
 
 20090608:
-	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has
-	changed.  Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.
-	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
+	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
+	Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
 
 20090602:
 	window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
 	installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
 
 20090601:
-	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries
-	has changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to
-	be re-compiled.
+	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
+	changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
+	re-compiled.
 
 20090601:
 	A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8.  Network
@@ -134,24 +132,24 @@ NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW:
 	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
 
 20090530:
-	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose
-	is no more valid.
+	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
+	more valid.
 
 20090530:
 	Add VOP_ACCESSX(9).  File system modules need to be rebuilt.
 	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
 
 20090529:
-	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules
-	need to be rebuilt.
+	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules need to be
+	rebuilt.
 	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
 
 20090528:
 	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
 	introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
 	The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
-	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag
-	has been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
+	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
+	been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
 	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
 
 20090527:
@@ -164,20 +162,18 @@ NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW:
 	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
 
 20090523:
-	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the
-	output. Please run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created
-	data to /etc/localtime.
+	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
+	run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
 
 20090520:
 	The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
 	hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
 
 20090520:
-	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's
-	were changed.  Drivers dependent on net80211 now support
-	DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No
-	user-visible data structures were changed but applications
-	that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
+	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
+	Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
+	of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No user-visible data structures were changed but
+	applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
 	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
 
 20090430:
@@ -768,730 +764,29 @@ NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW:
 20071010:
 	RELENG_7 branched.
 
-20071009:
-	Setting WITHOUT_LIBPTHREAD now means WITHOUT_LIBKSE and
-	WITHOUT_LIBTHR are set.
-
-20070930:
-	The PCI code has been made aware of PCI domains. This means that
-	the location strings as used by pciconf(8) etc are now in the
-	following format: pci<domain>:<bus>:<device>[:<function>]. It
-	also means that consumers of <sys/pciio.h> potentially need to
-	be recompiled; this includes the hal and xorg-server ports.
-
-20070928:
-	The caching daemon (cached) was renamed to nscd. nscd.conf
-	configuration file should be used instead of cached.conf and
-	nscd_enable, nscd_pidfile and nscd_flags options should be used
-	instead of cached_enable, cached_pidfile and cached_flags in
-	rc.conf.
-
-20070921:
-	The getfacl(1) utility now prints owning user and group name
-	instead of owning uid and gid in the three line comment header.
-	This is the same behavior as getfacl(1) on Solaris and Linux.
-
-20070704:
-	The new IPsec code is now compiled in using the IPSEC option.  The
-	IPSEC option now requires "device crypto" be defined in your kernel
-	configuration.  The FAST_IPSEC kernel option is now deprecated.
-
-20070702:
-	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.1 Please
-	note the changed syntax - keep state is now on by default.  Also
-	note the fact that ftp-proxy(8) has been changed from bottom up and
-	has been moved from libexec to usr/sbin.  Changes in the ALTQ
-	handling also affect users of IPFW's ALTQ capabilities.
-
-20070701:
-	Remove KAME IPsec in favor of FAST_IPSEC, which is now the
-	only IPsec supported by FreeBSD.  The new IPsec stack
-	supports both IPv4 and IPv6. The kernel option will change
-	after the code changes have settled in.  For now the kernel
-	option IPSEC is deprecated and FAST_IPSEC is the only option, that
-	will change after some settling time.
-
-20070701:
-	The wicontrol(8) utility has been removed from the base system. wi(4)
-	cards should be configured using ifconfig(8), see the man page for more
-	information.
-
-20070612:
-	The i386/amd64 GENERIC kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver
-	instead of the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration
-	accordingly.
-
-20070612:
-	By default, /etc/rc.d/sendmail no longer rebuilds the aliases
-	database if it is missing or older than the aliases file.  If
-	desired, set the new rc.conf option sendmail_rebuild_aliases
-	to "YES" to restore that functionality.
-
-20070612:
-	The IPv4 multicast socket code has been considerably modified, and
-	moved to the file sys/netinet/in_mcast.c. Initial support for the
-	RFC 3678 Source-Specific Multicast Socket API has been added to
-	the IPv4 network stack.
-
-	Strict multicast and broadcast reception is now the default for
-	UDP/IPv4 sockets; the net.inet.udp.strict_mcast_mship sysctl variable
-	has now been removed.
-
-	The RFC 1724 hack for interface selection has been removed; the use
-	of the Linux-derived ip_mreqn structure with IP_MULTICAST_IF has
-	been added to replace it. Consumers such as routed will soon be
-	updated to reflect this.
-
-	These changes affect users who are running routed(8) or rdisc(8)
-	from the FreeBSD base system on point-to-point or unnumbered
-	interfaces.
-
-20070610:
-	The net80211 layer has changed significantly and all wireless
-	drivers that depend on it need to be recompiled.  Further these
-	changes require that any program that interacts with the wireless
-	support in the kernel be recompiled; this includes: ifconfig,
-	wpa_supplicant, hostapd, and wlanstats.  Users must also, for
-	the moment, kldload the wlan_scan_sta and/or wlan_scan_ap modules
-	if they use modules for wireless support.  These modules implement
-	scanning support for station and ap modes, respectively.  Failure
-	to load the appropriate module before marking a wireless interface
-	up will result in a message to the console and the device not
-	operating properly.
-
-20070610:
-	The pam_nologin(8) module ceases to provide an authentication
-	function and starts providing an account management function.
-	Consequent changes to /etc/pam.d should be brought in using
-	mergemaster(8).  Third-party files in /usr/local/etc/pam.d may
-	need manual editing as follows.  Locate this line (or similar):
-
-		auth	required	pam_nologin.so	no_warn
-
-	and change it according to this example:
-
-		account	required	pam_nologin.so	no_warn
-
-	That is, the first word needs to be changed from "auth" to
-	"account".  The new line can be moved to the account section
-	within the file for clarity.  Not updating pam.conf(5) files
-	will result in nologin(5) ignored by the respective services.
-
-20070529:
-	The ether_ioctl() function has been synchronized with ioctl(2)
-	and ifnet.if_ioctl.  Due to that, the size of one of its arguments
-	has changed on 64-bit architectures.  All kernel modules using
-	ether_ioctl() need to be rebuilt on such architectures.
-
-20070516:
-	Improved INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE support has been introduced to the
-	config(8) utility. In order to take advantage of this new
-	functionality, you are expected to recompile and install
-	src/usr.sbin/config. If you don't rebuild config(8), and your
-	kernel configuration depends on INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE, the kernel
-	build will be broken because of a missing "kernconfstring"
-	symbol.
-
-20070513:
-	Symbol versioning is enabled by default.  To disable it, use
-	option WITHOUT_SYMVER.  It is not advisable to attempt to
-	disable symbol versioning once it is enabled; your installworld
-	will break because a symbol version-less libc will get installed
-	before the install tools.  As a result, the old install tools,
-	which previously had symbol dependencies to FBSD_1.0, will fail
-	because the freshly installed libc will not have them.
-
-	The default threading library (providing "libpthread") has been
-	changed to libthr.  If you wish to have libkse as your default,
-	use option DEFAULT_THREAD_LIB=libkse for the buildworld.
-
-20070423:
-	The ABI breakage in sendmail(8)'s libmilter has been repaired
-	so it is no longer necessary to recompile mail filters (aka,
-	milters).  If you recompiled mail filters after the 20070408
-	note, it is not necessary to recompile them again.
-
-20070417:
-	The new trunk(4) driver has been renamed to lagg(4) as it better
-	reflects its purpose. ifconfig will need to be recompiled.
-
-20070408:
-	sendmail(8) has been updated to version 8.14.1.  Mail filters
-	(aka, milters) compiled against the libmilter included in the
-	base operating system should be recompiled.
-
-20070302:
-	Firmwares for ipw(4) and iwi(4) are now included in the base tree.
-	In order to use them one must agree to the respective LICENSE in
-	share/doc/legal and define legal.intel_<name>.license_ack=1 via
-	loader.conf(5) or kenv(1).  Make sure to deinstall the now
-	deprecated modules from the respective firmware ports.
-
-20070228:
-	The name resolution/mapping functions addr2ascii(3) and ascii2addr(3)
-	were removed from FreeBSD's libc. These originally came from INRIA
-	IPv6. Nothing in FreeBSD ever used them. They may be regarded as
-	deprecated in previous releases.
-	The AF_LINK support for getnameinfo(3) was merged from NetBSD to
-	replace it as a more portable (and re-entrant) API.
-
-20070224:
-	To support interrupt filtering a modification to the newbus API
-	has occurred, ABI was broken and __FreeBSD_version was bumped
-	to 700031. Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in
-	sync. For more info:
-	http://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20070221233124.GA13941
-
-20070224:
-	The IPv6 multicast forwarding code may now be loaded into GENERIC
-	kernels by loading the ip_mroute.ko module. This is built into the
-	module unless WITHOUT_INET6 or WITHOUT_INET6_SUPPORT options are
-	set; see src.conf(5) for more information.
-
-20070214:
-	The output of netstat -r has changed. Without -n, we now only
-	print a "network name" without the prefix length if the network
-	address and mask exactly match a Class A/B/C network, and an entry
-	exists in the nsswitch "networks" map.
-	With -n, we print the full unabbreviated CIDR network prefix in
-	the form "a.b.c.d/p". 0.0.0.0/0 is always printed as "default".
-	This change is in preparation for changes such as equal-cost
-	multipath, and to more generally assist operational deployment
-	of FreeBSD as a modern IPv4 router.
-
-20070210:
-	PIM has been turned on by default in the IPv4 multicast
-	routing code. The kernel option 'PIM' has now been removed.
-	PIM is now built by default if option 'MROUTING' is specified.
-	It may now be loaded into GENERIC kernels by loading the
-	ip_mroute.ko module.
-
-20070207:
-	Support for IPIP tunnels (VIFF_TUNNEL) in IPv4 multicast routing
-	has been removed. Its functionality may be achieved by explicitly
-	configuring gif(4) interfaces and using the 'phyint' keyword in
-	mrouted.conf.
-	XORP does not support source-routed IPv4 multicast tunnels nor the
-	integrated IPIP tunneling, therefore it is not affected by this
-	change. The __FreeBSD_version macro has been bumped to 700030.
-
-20061221:
-	Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been
-	re-enabled in the bge driver, only for those chips which are
-	believed to support it properly.  If there are any problems,
-	MSI can be disabled completely by setting the
-	'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0
-	in the loader.
-
-20061214:
-	Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been
-	disabled again in the bge driver.  Many revisions of the
-	hardware fail to support it properly.  Support can be
-	re-enabled by removing the #define of BGE_DISABLE_MSI in
-	"src/sys/dev/bge/if_bge.c".
-
-20061214:
-	Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been added
-	to the bge driver.  If there are any problems, MSI can be
-	disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and
-	'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader.
-
-20061205:
-	The removal of several facets of the experimental Threading
-	system from the kernel means that the proc and thread structures
-	have changed quite a bit. I suggest all kernel modules that might
-	reference these structures be recompiled.. Especially the
-	linux module.
-
-20061126:
-	Sound infrastructure has been updated with various fixes and
-	improvements. Most of the changes are pretty much transparent,
-	with exceptions of followings:
-	1) All sound driver specific sysctls (hw.snd.pcm%d.*) have been
-	   moved to their own dev sysctl nodes, for example:
-		hw.snd.pcm0.vchans -> dev.pcm.0.vchans
-	2) /dev/dspr%d.%d has been deprecated. Each channel now has its
-	   own chardev in the form of "dsp%d.<function>%d", where <function>
-	   is p = playback, r = record and v = virtual, respectively. Users
-	   are encouraged to use these devs instead of (old) "/dev/dsp%d.%d".
-	   This does not affect those who are using "/dev/dsp".
-
-20061122:
-	geom(4)'s gmirror(8) class metadata structure has been
-	rev'd from v3 to v4. If you update across this point and
-	your metadata is converted for you, you will not be easily
-	able to downgrade since the /boot/kernel.old/geom_mirror.ko
-	kernel module will be unable to read the v4 metadata.  You
-	can resolve this by doing from the loader(8) prompt:
-
-		set vfs.root.mountfrom="ufs:/dev/XXX"
-
-	where XXX is the root slice of one of the disks that composed
-	the mirror (i.e.: /dev/ad0s1a). You can then rebuild
-	the array the same way you built it originally.
-
-20061122:
-	The following binaries have been disconnected from the build:
-	mount_devfs, mount_ext2fs, mount_fdescfs, mount_procfs, mount_linprocfs,
-	and mount_std.  The functionality of these programs has been
-	moved into the mount program.  For example, to mount a devfs
-	filesystem, instead of using mount_devfs, use: "mount -t devfs".
-	This does not affect entries in /etc/fstab, since entries in
-	/etc/fstab are always processed with "mount -t fstype".
-
-20061113:
-	Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts on i386 and amd64
-	has been added to the kernel and various drivers will soon be
-	updated to use MSI when it is available.  If there are any problems,
-	MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi'
-	and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader.
-
-20061110:
-	The MUTEX_PROFILING option has been renamed to LOCK_PROFILING.
-	The lockmgr object layout has been changed as a result of having
-	a lock_object embedded in it. As a consequence all file system
-	kernel modules must be re-compiled. The mutex profiling man page
-	has not yet been updated to reflect this change.
-
-20061026:
-	KSE in the kernel has now been made optional and turned on by
-	default. Use 'nooption KSE' in your kernel config to turn it
-	off. All kernel modules *must* be recompiled after this change.
-	There-after, modules from a KSE kernel should be compatible with
-	modules from a NOKSE kernel due to the temporary padding fields
-	added to 'struct proc'.
-
-20060929:
-	mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system.
-
-20060927:
-	Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed.  Full backward ABI
-	compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is
-	present in the kernel configuration file.  Make sure to add
-	this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org
-	and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work.
-
-20060924:
-	tcpslice has been removed from the base system.
-
-20060913:
-	The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to
-	the rewrite of TCP syncookies.  Tools like netstat, sockstat, and
-	systat needs to be rebuilt.
-
-20060903:
-	libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4
-
-20060816:
-	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour
-	for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first
-	committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON.
-
-20060725:
-	enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures.
-	Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures.
-	Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text
-	generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures.
-	If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it.
-
-20060709:
-	The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So
-	after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel,
-	the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also
-	be rebuilt, and vice versa.
-
-20060627:
-	The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of
-	the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration
-	accordingly.
-
-20060514:
-	The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx
-	PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves
-	as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4)
-	driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset
-	of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before.
-
-20060511:
-	The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been
-	modified a bit.  The new adjkerntz utility uses the new
-	sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible
-	to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode
-	with a new kernel.  Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before
-	`make installworld' with:
-
-	    /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i
-
-	and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage
-	steps.  Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their
-	timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if
-	you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours.
-
-20060412:
-	The ip6fw utility has been removed.  The behavior provided by
-	ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts
-	have been updated to deal with it.  There are some rules that
-	might not migrate cleanly.  Use rc.firewall6 as a template to
-	rewrite rules.
-
-20060428:
-	The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4)
-	attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4)
-	on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4)
-	and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has
-	been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4)
-	implements the interface to support it.
-
-20060330:
-	The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications
-	Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog
-	Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel
-	configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain
-	functional.
-
-20060317:
-	Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names.
-	New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled
-	after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf
-	(the src.conf(5) manpage is provided).  Full backwards
-	compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's
-	highly recommended to start moving old options out of the
-	system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf
-	while also properly renaming them.  More conversions will
-	likely follow.  Posting to current@:
-
-	http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html
-
-20060305:
-	The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its
-	functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now.
-
-20060303:
-	The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the
-	tdfx_linux device.  The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko
-	kernel module.  Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support
-	for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through
-	its dependencies.
-
-20060204:
-	The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality
-	in the base system.  Be sure to follow the directions for updating,
-	including the requirement to run mergemaster -p.
-
-20060201:
-	The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386.
-	Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync.
-
-20060118:
-	This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel
-	now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules.
-	This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You
-	will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old
-	on your next install.
-	If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add
-	-DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes"
-	to your /etc/make.conf.
-
-20060113:
-	libc's malloc implementation has been replaced.  This change has the
-	potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed.
-	See the malloc(3) manual page for more details.
-
-20060112:
-	The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade
-	kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland
-	and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4.
-
-20060106:
-	si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number.
-	Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f].
-
-20060106:
-	The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size
-	of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such
-	as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures.
-	Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync.
-
-20051231:
-	The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted
-	from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove
-	any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config.
-
-20051211:
-	The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory
-	have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a
-	"wlan" prefix.  Scripts that use them should be adjusted
-	accordingly.
-
-20051202:
-	Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in
-	/etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will
-	now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are
-	errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could
-	cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in
-	single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory.
-	Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the
-	freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list.
-
-20051129:
-	The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it
-	was a no-op), and is now unsupported.  If you have nodev or dev listed
-	in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error.
-
-20051129:
-	ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need
-	to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel.
-
-20051108:
-	rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number.
-	Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f].
-
-20051029:
-	/etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp.
-	Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from
-	the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it.
-
-20051014:
-	Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel
-	configuration file.  A few modules still have fixed options
-	due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be
-	corrected eventually.  You may need to review the options of
-	the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options
-	in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and
-	modules afterwards.
-
-20051001:
-	kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8)
-	to turn polling(4) on your interfaces.
-
-20050927:
-	The old bridge(4) implementation was retired.  The new
-	if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement.
-
-20050722:
-	The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t
-	to conform to POSIX-2001.  This change broke an ABI
-	compatibility on 64 bit architecture.  You have to recompile
-	userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit
-	architecture.
-
-20050711:
-	RELENG_6 branched here.
-
-20050629:
-	The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new
-	variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced.  Unlike
-	pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that
-	do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in
-	removable_interfaces.
-
-20050616:
-	Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of
-	non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring
-	to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib.  A change has been
-	made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid
-	ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may
-	affect existing configurations.
-
-20050610:
-	Major changes to network interface API.  All drivers must be
-	recompiled.  Drivers not in the base system will need to be
-	updated to the new APIs.
-
-20050609:
-	Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h.  Please recompile
-	userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w'
-	will not behave correctly.
-
-	The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition
-	of sampling support.  Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and
-	usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}.
-
-20050606:
-	The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient
-	and the network interface configuration scripts were updated
-	accordingly.  If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you
-	must now run devd.  Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need
-	to find a workaround if you use this feature.
-
-	The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient.  Be
-	sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time
-	anyway).
-
-20050605:
-	if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet.
-	Please recompile userland and all network related modules.
-
-20050603:
-	The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and
-	1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to
-	conform to POSIX-2001.  These changes broke an ABI
-	compatibility on 64 bit architecture.  With these changes,
-	shlib major of libpcap was bumped.  You have to recompile
-	userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3),
-	getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture.
-
-20050528:
-	Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell
-	scripts has changed.  Lines with multiple options likely will
-	fail after this date.  For full details, please see
-		http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt
-
-20050503:
-	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7
-	Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that
-	authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function.
-
-20050415:
-	The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386
-	amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local
-	APIC timer code.  Any kernel config files containing this option
-	should be updated.
-
-20050227:
-	The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine
-	independent.  Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld
-	when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires
-	recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages.
-
-20050225:
-	The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to
-	contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the
-	statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because
-	wallclock time may go backwards.  This should have no impact
-	unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of
-	none at this point.)
-
-20050224:
-	The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the
-	acpi(4) main module.  They are no longer built separately.
-
-20050223:
-	The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to
-	recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use
-	with the new kernel.
-
-20050223:
-	The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4).  This makes
-	"options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete.  Please load cpufreq.ko or
-	compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality.
-
-20050220:
-	The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of
-	a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the
-	background fsck.  A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended
-	if you have updated the kernel.
-
-	To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount
-	time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before
-	mounting the new volume.
-
-20050206:
-	The cpufreq import is complete.  As part of this, the sysctls for
-	acpi(4) throttling have been removed.  The power_profile script
-	has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in
-	rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies.
-
-20050206:
-	NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko)
-	requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities.
-
-20050114:
-	Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is
-	now deprecated.  Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the
-	correct full form when a match occurs.  Some abbreviations may
-	be supported at a later date based on user feedback.  To be
-	considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to
-	this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words.
-
-20041221:
-	By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed
-	to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list).  The old
-	spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying
-	warnings on stderr.  Make sure you upgrade properly (see
-	the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file).
-
-20041219:
-	Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has
-	been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure
-	the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them
-	prior to use.  Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption
-	with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to
-	use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp,
-	and wlan_xauth as required.
-
-20041213:
-	The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly.  If lqr is enabled
-	(``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on
-	negotiation failure.  Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this
-	behaviour.  The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to
-	reflect the change.
-
-20041201:
-	The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support
-	into separate modules.  For static WEP you must configure the
-	wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module
-	in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load
-	the module when a wep key is configured).
-
-20041201:
-	The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control
-	algorithm into a separate module.  You need to include either
-	ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel.
-
-20041116:
-	Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed.  Please
-	use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386.
-
-20041110:
-	We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem
-	R/W if the device were named 'md*'.  As part of the vnode
-	work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack.  People
-	building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems
-	may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in
-	their /etc/rc scripts.
-
-20041104:
-	FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here.
-
-20041102:
-	The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal
-	of RFC1644 T/TCP.  You have to recompile userland programs that
-	read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.)
-
-20041022:
-	The size of struct tcpcb has changed.  You have to recompile
-	userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly
-	(netstat, sockstat, etc.)
-
-20041016:
-	RELENG_5 branched here.  For older entries, please see updating
-	in the RELENG_5 branch.
-
 COMMON ITEMS:
 
 	General Notes
 	-------------
-	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  From time to time in the
-	past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or
-	installworld.  This is especially true when upgrading between
-	"distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary
-	or several minor releases, or when several months have passed
-	on the -current branch).
+	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
+	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
+	-j, please try again wtihout -j.  From time to time in the past there
+	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
+	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
+	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
+	several months have passed on the -current branch).
 
 	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
 	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
-	environment when searching for values for global variables.
-	To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room",
-	prefix all make commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual
-	page for more details.
-
-	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally
-	best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch
-	first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested
-	upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful.
-	Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major
-	version upgrade.
+	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
+	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
+	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
+
+	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
+	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
+	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
+	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
+	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
 
 	To build a kernel
 	-----------------
@@ -1513,9 +808,9 @@ COMMON ITEMS:
 
 	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
 	--------------------------------------------------------------
-	This assumes you are already running a 5.X system.  Replace
+	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
 	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
-	"alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc).
+	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
 
 	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
 	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
@@ -1567,7 +862,7 @@ COMMON ITEMS:
 	<reboot>
 
 
-	To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current
+	To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current
 	----------------------------------------------
 	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
 	make buildworld					[9]
@@ -1619,11 +914,12 @@ COMMON ITEMS:
 	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
 	from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408.
 
-	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries
-	needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4
-	option in your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system
-	that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5
-	is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.
+	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
+	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
+	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
+	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
+	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
+	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
 
 	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
 	last time you updated your kernel config file.
@@ -1647,7 +943,7 @@ previous releases if your system is older than this.
 
 Copyright information:
 
-Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
 
 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
@@ -1665,9 +961,6 @@ STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the
-author a beer.
-
 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
 this document.