10 files changed, 2230 insertions, 1440 deletions

diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/africa b/share/zoneinfo/africa
index d55b598912ba..a3a28c95eada 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/africa
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/africa
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)africa	7.13
+# @(#)africa	7.15
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
@@ -61,64 +61,95 @@
 #	Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
 #		to `St._Helena'.
 #
-# We typically use traditional English time zone abbreviations,
-# and assume that applications translate them to other languages
-# as part of the normal localization process.
+# For time zone abbreviations like `EST' I used the following rules,
+# in decreasing order of importance:
+#
+#	Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters,
+#		except use "___" for locations while uninhabited.
+#		Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to
+#		upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions.
+#		Previous editions of this database also used characters like
+#		' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to
+#		the shell and cause commands like
+#			set `date`
+#		to have unexpected effects.  In theory, the character set could
+#		be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case
+#		Ascii letters (and "___").
+#	Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
+#		e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
+#		We assume that applications translate them to other languages
+#		as part of the normal localization process; for example,
+#		a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'.
+#	For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the
+#		traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time.
+#		The only name like this in current use is `GMT'.
+#	If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English
+#		translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers.
+#		If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country
+#		(e.g. ``Cape Verde Time''), then:
+#
+#		When a country has a single or principal time zone region,
+#			append `T' to the country's ISO	code, e.g. `CVT' for
+#			Cape Verde Time.  For summer time append `ST';
+#			for double summer time append `DST'; etc.
+#		When a country has multiple time zones, take the first three
+#			letters of an English place name identifying each zone
+#			and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before;
+#			e.g. `MOSST' for MOScow Summer Time.
 #
-# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
+#
+# For Africa I invented the following time zone abbreviations.
 #		LMT	Local Mean Time
-#	-2:00	CVT	Cape Verde Time (no longer used)
-#	-1:00	AAT	Atlantic Africa Time
+#	-1:00	AAT	Atlantic Africa Time (no longer used)
 #	 0:00	WAT	West Africa Time
 #	 1:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
 #	 2:00	SAT	South Africa Time
 #	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
-#	 4:00	SMT	Seychelles and Mascarene Time
 # The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
 # BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.
 
 
 # Algeria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1940 Feb 25 2:00
-			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1946 Oct  7
+			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
+			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
 			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
-			1:00	-	MET	1963 Apr 14
-			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1977 Oct 21
-			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1979 Oct 26
-			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1981 May
-			1:00	-	MET
+			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
+			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
+			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
+			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
+			1:00	-	CET
 
 # Angola
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
-			0:52	-	LMT	1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time
+			0:52:04	-	LMT	1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time?
 			1:00	-	CAT
 
 # Bassas da India
@@ -160,7 +191,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
 			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
 			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
 			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
-			-1:00	-	AAT
+			-1:00	-	CVT
 
 # Central African Republic
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -198,41 +229,41 @@ Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
 
 # Egypt
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
 # also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
 # soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
 # DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # EGYPT               2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
 # EGYPT               3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
 # EGYPT                                  RAMADAN)
 
 # From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1966	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Egypt	1990	max	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	1990	max	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
-			2:00	Egypt	EET%s
+			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
 
 # Equatorial Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -243,14 +274,14 @@ Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
 # Eritrea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
-			2:36	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
-			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
+			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
+			2:35:20	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT?
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Ethiopia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
+			2:35:20	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT?
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Europa Island
@@ -264,17 +295,17 @@ Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
 # Gambia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:07	-	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
+			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
 			-1:00	-	AAT	1964
 			 0:00	-	WAT
 
 # Ghana
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''.
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
+# WATST is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Summer Time''.
 # From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	WATDT
+Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	WATST
 Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	WAT
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
@@ -300,7 +331,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
 # uninhabited
 
 # Kenya
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
@@ -317,7 +348,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	SAT
 
 # Liberia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
 # from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
@@ -329,7 +360,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-			-0:44:30 -	LST	1972 May # Liberia Standard Time
+			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
 			 0:00	-	WAT
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -339,34 +370,34 @@ Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 # From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
 # Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # LIBYAN ARAB         1 H  AHEAD OF UTC  JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
 # LIBYAN ARAB         2 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
 
 # From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
-			1:00	Libya	MET%s	1959
+			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
 			2:00	-	EET	1982
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
 # usno1995 (from OAG) says Libya uses 2:00 all year, as they did before 1982.
 # We don't know when they switched back.  We'll guess 1991.
-			1:00	Libya	MET%s	1991
+			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1991
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Madagascar
@@ -401,7 +432,7 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 # Mauritius
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
-			4:00	-	SMT
+			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
@@ -411,29 +442,31 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Morocco
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+# rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
-			 0:00	Morocco	WET%s	1984 Mar 16
-			 1:00	-	MET	1986
+			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
+			 1:00	-	CET	1986
+			 0:00	-	WET
+# Western Sahara
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
+			-1:00	-	AAT	1976 Apr 14
 			 0:00	-	WET
-# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid:
-# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Melilla.
 
 # Mozambique
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -463,7 +496,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
 # Reunion
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
-			4:00	-	SMT
+			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
 
 # Rwanda
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -473,7 +506,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
 # St Helena
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
-			-0:06	-	?MT	1951	# a typo in Shanks?
+			-0:06	-	SHT	1951	# St Helena Time (?)
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, says Whitman
@@ -483,7 +516,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
 # Sao Tome and Principe
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
-			-0:37	-	?MT	1912	# a typo in Shanks?
+			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
 			 0:00	-	WAT
 
 # Senegal
@@ -495,7 +528,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
 # Seychelles
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
-			4:00	-	SMT
+			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
 
 # Sierra Leone
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -506,12 +539,12 @@ Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
-			-0:53	-	FMT	1913 Jun
+			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
 			-1:00	SL	AA%sT	1957
 			 0:00	SL	WA%sT
 
 # Somalia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
@@ -532,18 +565,18 @@ Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 # no information
 
 # Sudan
-# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (November 15, 1995):
+# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
 # Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
 # I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
 # United Nations: 212-573-6033
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Sudan	EET%s
+			2:00	Sudan	EE%sT
 
 # Swaziland
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -567,34 +600,34 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 
 # Tunisia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1988	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Tunisia	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Tunisia	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
 # Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
-			1:00	Tunisia	MET%s
+			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
 
 # Uganda
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -608,7 +641,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
 			1:00	-	CAT
-Zone Africa/Lumumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
+Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
 			2:00	-	SAT
 
 # Zambia
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/antarctica b/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
index 3c46c1576ccd..0c78eb68269d 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
@@ -1,25 +1,151 @@
-# @(#)antarctica	7.3
+# @(#)antarctica	7.4
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
-# No data available.
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round;
+# see <URL:http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html> (1996-05-24).
+# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
+#
+# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
+# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
-# Balleny Is
 
-# British Antarctic Territories include
-#	South Orkney Is
-#	South Shetland Is
+# Argentina - 6 year-round bases
+# General Belgrano II
+# 5 others
 
-# Bouvet
-# uninhabited
+# Australia - territories
+# Heard Island, McDonald Islands
+#
+# year-round bases
+# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
+# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1965-01 -  1969-02)
+# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	___	1969
+			8:00	-	WST	# Western (Aus) Standard Time
+#Zone Antartica/Davis	unknown
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	___	1954 Feb 13
+			6:00	-	MAWT	# Mawson Time
+# References:
+# <URL:http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html> (1996-07-15)
+# <URL:http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html> (1996-04-19)
 
-# French Southern and Antarctic Lands (no indigenous inhabitants) include
-#	Amsterdam Island
-#	Crozet Is
-#	Kerguelen Is
-#	St Paul Island
+# Brazil - year-round base
+# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
 
-# Heard Island, McDonald Is
-# uninhabited
+# Chile - 4 year-round bases
 
-# Peter I Island
+# China - year-round bases
+# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
+# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26
+
+# Finland - year-round base
+# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988
+
+# France
+#
+# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
+# Amsterdam Island
+# Crozet Islands
+# Kerguelen Islands
+# St Paul Island
+#
+# year-round base
+# Dumont d'Urville, Adelie Land, since IGY
+
+# Germany - year-round base
+# Georg von Neumayer
+
+# India - year-round base
+# Dakshin Gangotri
+
+# Japan - year-round bases
+# Dome Fuji
+# Syowa
+
+# S Korea - year-round base
+# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988
+
+# New Zealand - claims
+# Balleny Islands
 # Scott Island
+#
+# year-round base
+# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
+#
+# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	NZAQ	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	NZAQ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	NZAQ	1989	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	NZAQ	1990	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	NZAQ	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	NZAQ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	NZAQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+
+# Norway - territories
+# Bouvet (uninhabited)
+#
+# claims
+# Peter I Island (uninhabited)
+
+# Poland - year-round base
+# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977
+
+# Russia - year-round bases
+# Bellingshausen, King George Island
+# Mirny
+# Molodezhnaya
+# Novolazarevskaya
+# Vostok
+
+# S Africa - year-round bases
+# Marion Island
+# Sanae
+
+# UK
+#
+# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
+# South Orkney Islands
+# South Shetland Islands
+#
+# year-round bases
+# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
+# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
+
+# Uruguay - year round base
+# Artigas, King George Island
+
+# USA - year-round bases
+#
+# Palmer, Anvers Island
+#
+# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	___	1956
+			12:00	NZAQ	NZ%sT
+#
+# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
+# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
+#
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27):
+# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
+# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
+# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
+# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
+# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
+# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
+#
+# From Susan Smith <URL:http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html>
+# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300): We use the same time as McMurdo does.
+# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
+# One last quirk about South Pole time.
+# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
+# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
+# makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
+# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
+# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
+#
+Link	Antarctica/McMurdo	Antarctica/South_Pole
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/asia b/share/zoneinfo/asia
index a5d0ab59f5d9..b5220f3915cf 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/asia
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/asia
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)asia	7.23
+# @(#)asia	7.25
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-07-24):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
@@ -25,42 +25,20 @@
 #		std dst
 #		LMT	Local Mean Time
 #		LST	Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
-#	2:00	EET  EET DST	Eastern European Time
+#	2:00	EET EEST Eastern European Time
 #	2:00	IST IDT	Israel
 #	3:00	AST ADT	Arabia*
-#	3:00	BSK BSD	Baku (was 4:00)*
-#	3:30	IST IDT	Iran
-#	4:00	AMST AMDT Armenia (was 3:00) (was YSK, YSD)*
-#	4:00	TBSK TBSD Tbilisi (was 3:00)*
-#	4:00	GST GDT	Gulf*
-#	4:30	AFT	Afghanistan*
-#	5:00	ASK ASD	Aktau (was SHSK, SHSD)*
-#	5:00	ASK ASD	Ashkhabad (was 4:00)*
-#	5:00	BSK BSD Bishkek (was 6:00) (was FSK, FSD)*
-#	5:00	PKT	Pakistan*
-#	5:00	TSK TSD	Tashkent (was 6:00)*
-#	5:30	IST IST	India
-#	5:45	NPT	Nepal*
-#	6:00	AASK AASD Alma-Ata (was 5:00)*
-#	6:00	BGT	Bengal, Bangladesh*
-#	6:00	DSK DSD	Dushanbe (was 5:00)*
-#	6:30	BMT	Burma*
+#	4:00	GST	Gulf*
+#	5:30	IST	India
 #	7:00	ICT	Indochina*
-#	7:00	JVT	Java*
-#	8:00	BNT	Borneo, Brunei*
-#	8:00	CST CDT	China
-#	8:00	HKT HKST Hong Kong
-#	8:00	PST PDT	Philippines*
-#	8:00	SGT	Singapore
-#	8:00	UST UDT	Ulan Bator*
-#	9:00	JST JDT	Japan
-#	9:00	KST KDT	Korea
-#	9:00	MLT	Moluccas*
-#	9:30	CST	Australian Central Standard Time
+#	8:00	CST	China
+#	9:00	JST	Japan
+#	9:00	KST	Korea
+#	9:30	CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
 #
 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
 #
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
@@ -72,15 +50,15 @@
 
 # These rules for Russia are stolen from the `europe' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule RussiaAsia 1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule RussiaAsia 1981	1983	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	K
-Rule RussiaAsia 1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	K
-Rule RussiaAsia 1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule RussiaAsia 1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1981	1983	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule RussiaAsia 1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule RussiaAsia 1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
 
 # Afghanistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
-			4:00	-	GST	1945
+			4:00	-	AFT	1945
 			4:30	-	AFT
 
 # Armenia
@@ -90,30 +68,27 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported today that Yerevan probably won't use DST this year,
 # though it did use DST in 1995.  We guess Yerevan stayed in sync with Moscow
 # between 1990 and 1995, but stopped using DST in 1996.
-# Der-Danieliantz also asked for a better abbreviation than `YSK'
-# after independence.  Apparently no abbreviation is in common use;
-# use `AMST/AMDT' since `AM' is the ISO country code for Armenia.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Armenia	1992	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Armenia	1992	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Armenia	1991	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Armenia	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	YSK	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia YS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	YSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			3:00	-	AMST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			4:00	Armenia	AM%sT	1996
-			4:00	-	AMST
+			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
+			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
+			3:00	Armenia	AM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Armenia Time
+			4:00	Armenia	AM%sT
 
 # Azerbaijan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	BSK	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia BS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	BSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			3:00	-	BSK
+			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
+			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992	    # Azerbaijan Time
+			3:00	-	AZT
 # Shanks has Baku using Russian DST rules after 1991,
-# but usno1995 has Azerbaijan with no DST.  Go with usno1995.
+# but usno1995 has Azerbaijan with no DST.  Guess no DST after 1991.
 
 # Bahrain
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -124,22 +99,23 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al-Manamah
 # Bangladesh
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dacca	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
-			5:53	-	CMT	1941 Oct    # Calcutta Mean Time
-			6:30	-	BMT	1942 May 15
+			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
+			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
-			6:30	-	BMT	1951 Sep 30
-			6:00	-	BGT
+			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
+			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
+			6:00	-	BDT	# Bangladesh Time
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Thimbu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
-			6:00	-	BGT
+			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
 # From Whitman:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Chagos	5:00	-	PKT
+Zone	Indian/Chagos	5:00	-	IOT	# BIOT Time
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -150,15 +126,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
 # Burma / Myanmar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
-			6:25	-	RMT	1920
-			6:30	-	BMT	1942 May
+			6:24:36	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
+			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
-			6:30	-	BMT
+			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
 
 # Cambodia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
-			7:06	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01     # Saigon MT
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
@@ -168,8 +144,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # From Guy Harris:
 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# No they don't.  See TIME mag, February 17, 1986 p.52.  Even though
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
@@ -182,13 +158,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
 #     1987 mid-April - ??
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
 
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks writes that China switched from the Chinese calendar on 1912 Feb 12.
-# He also writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
+# Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
 # Go with Shanks for now.  I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
@@ -204,23 +179,23 @@ Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
 Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928
-			8:30	-	MAT	1932 Mar    # Manchuria
+			8:30	-	HART	1932 Mar # Harbin Time
 			8:00	-	CST	1940
-			9:00	-	KST	1966 May
-			8:30	-	MAT	1980 May
+			9:00	-	HART	1966 May
+			8:30	-	HART	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 Zone	Asia/Chungking	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928
-			7:00	-	ICT	1980 May
+			7:00	-	CHUT	1980 May # Chungking Time
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
-			6:00	-	URT	1980 May    # Urumqi
+			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928
-			5:30	-	ETT	1940	    # Eastern Turkestan
-			5:00	-	ETT	1980 May
+			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
+			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -263,45 +238,47 @@ Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
-			8:00	HK	HK%sT
+			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1997 Jul  1 # return to China
+			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 # Macao
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Macao	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macao	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	S
-Rule	Macao	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Macao	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	S
-Rule	Macao	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Macao	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Macao	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	S
-Rule	Macao	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Macao	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Macao	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
+Rule	Macao	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Macao	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
+Rule	Macao	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Macao	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Macao	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
+Rule	Macao	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Macao	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
-			8:00	Macao	C%sT
+			8:00	Macao	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
+			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Cyprus
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1979	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Cyprus	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
-			2:00	Cyprus	EET%s
+			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT
 
 # Georgia
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
@@ -316,18 +293,18 @@ Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 # Most likely we're still missing some rule changes between 1991 and 1994.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
-			2:59	-	LST	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	TBSK	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia TBS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	TBSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia TBS%s	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
-			4:00	-	TBSK
+			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
+			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
+			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1994 Sep 25 2:00s # Georgia Time
+			4:00	-	GET
 
 # India
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
-			5:53	-	CMT	1941 Oct    # Calcutta Mean Time
-			6:30	-	BMT	1942 May 15
+			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
+			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST
@@ -339,36 +316,36 @@ Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
 # Indonesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
-			7:07	-	JMT	1924 Jan  1 0:13
-			7:20	-	JVT	1932 Nov
-			7:30	-	JVT	1942 Mar 23
+			7:07:12	-	JMT	1924 Jan  1 0:13 # Jakarta MT
+			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
+			7:30	-	JAVT	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
-			7:30	-	JVT	1948 May
-			8:00	-	JVT	1950 May
-			7:30	-	JVT	1964
-			7:00	-	JVT
+			7:30	-	JAVT	1948 May
+			8:00	-	JAVT	1950 May
+			7:30	-	JAVT	1964
+			7:00	-	JAVT
 Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
-			7:58	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar Mean Time
-			8:00	-	BNT	1942 Feb  9
+			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
+			8:00	-	BORT	1942 Feb  9 # Borneo Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
-			8:00	-	BNT
+			8:00	-	BORT
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
-			9:00	-	MLT	1944
+			9:00	-	JAYT	1944	    # Jayapura Time
 			9:30	-	CST	1964
-			9:00	-	MLT
+			9:00	-	JAYT
 
 # Iran
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
-			3:26	-	TMT	1946
-			3:30	-	IST	1977 Nov
-			4:00	Iran	G%sT	1979
-			3:30	Iran	I%sT
+			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
+			3:30	-	IRT	1977 Nov
+			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
+			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
 
 # Iraq
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -380,7 +357,7 @@ Rule	Iraq	1985	max	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
-			2:58	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time
+			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
 			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
 			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
 
@@ -389,11 +366,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 
 # Israel
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # ISRAEL              2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
 # ISRAEL              3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 10 - SEP 3
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 #
 # Shanks gives the following rules for Jerusalem from 1918 through 1991.
 # After 1989 Shanks often disagrees with Silverberg; we go with Silverberg.
@@ -440,12 +417,6 @@ Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
-#Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	D
-#Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 2	0:00	0	S
-#Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
-#Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
-#Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	10	0:00	1:00	D
-#Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg (1996-01-02):
 #
@@ -466,25 +437,25 @@ Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0:00	S
+Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0:00	S
+Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:00	S
+Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0:00	S
+Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0:00	S
+Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
 # calling the switchboard at 972-2-701411 and asking for the spokeswoman.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule    Zion    1994    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
-Rule    Zion    1994    only    -       Aug     28      0:00    0:00    S
-Rule    Zion    1995    only    -       Mar     31      0:00    1:00    D
-Rule    Zion    1995    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0:00    S
+Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1996-1998 were also obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman
 # for the Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The official announcement
@@ -493,8 +464,8 @@ Rule    Zion    1995    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0:00    S
 #   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/misc/timezones/announcements/1996-1998.ps.gz
 #
 # Emptor Caveat: The dates for the years 1996-1998 were originally announced
-# on August 31, 1995, by the previous Minister of Interior.  The new Minister
-# of Interior changed the dates on January 1, 1996, to take into account the
+# on 1995-08-31, by the previous Minister of Interior.  The new Minister
+# of Interior changed the dates on 1996-01-01, to take into account the
 # desires of certain portions of Israeli society (the next election is in the
 # Fall of 1996).  After this (1996) year's Daylight Savings Time is over, the
 # new minister has announced that a study will be conducted as to the wishes of
@@ -504,12 +475,12 @@ Rule    Zion    1995    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0:00    S
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1996	1998	-	Mar	Fri>=14	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0:00	S
-Rule	Zion	1997	1998	-	Oct	Sun>=14	0:00	0:00	S
+Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	1997	1998	-	Oct	Sun>=14	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
-			2:21	-	JMT	1918
+			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
 
 
@@ -531,57 +502,40 @@ Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
 #Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # but the only locations using it were US military bases.
 # We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
-#
-# The same news article also reports that Japan is likely to go on DST in 1996
-# as follows, where I've guessed the AT and LETTER/S columns:
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-#Rule	Japan	1996	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-#Rule	Japan	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
-# Japan switched from the Japanese calendar on 1893 Jan 1.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:19:04	-	LMT	1896
 			9:00	-	JST
-# If Japan adopts DST in 1996, replace the above line with the following lines:
-#			9:00	-	JST	1996
-#			9:00	Japan	J%sT
-# and uncomment the two `Rule' lines commented out above.
-
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks says that the far southern Ryukyu Is (Nansei-Shoto) are 8:00,
-# but we haven't confirmed this.
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#Zone	Asia/Ishigaki	8:16:36	-	LMT	1896
-#			8:00	-	CST
+Zone	Asia/Ishigaki	8:16:36	-	LMT	1896
+			8:00	-	CST
 # There is no information for Marcus.
 # Other Japanese possessions are probably like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Most likely Shanks is merely guessing dates from 1992 on.
 # From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule    Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule    Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule    Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule    Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule    Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule    Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule    Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule    Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule    Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule    Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1992	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule    Jordan	1992	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1992	max	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Jordan	EET%s
+			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
 
 # Kazakhstan
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-04-19):
@@ -590,25 +544,25 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # in western Kazakhstan.  Follow Shanks before 1991, Evtichov afterwards.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Alma-Ata	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Almaty
-			5:00	-	AASK	1957 Mar
-			6:00 RussiaAsia AAS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	AASD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			5:00	-	AASK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia AAS%s
+			5:00	-	ALMT	1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	ALMST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			5:00	-	ALMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT
 Zone	Asia/Aktau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Aqtau
-			4:00	-	SHSK	1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko
-			5:00 RussiaAsia SHS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			4:00	1:00	ASD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			4:00	-	ASK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia AS%s
+			4:00	-	SHET	1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			4:00	1:00	AKTST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			4:00	-	AKTT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aktau Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT
 
 # Kirgizstan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	FSK	1957 Mar	# Frunze
-			6:00 RussiaAsia FS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia BS%s
+			5:00	-	FRUT	1957 Mar    # Frunze Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia KG%sT		    # Kirgizstan Time
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -653,81 +607,90 @@ Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
 # Laos
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
-			7:06	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01     # Saigon MT
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Lebanon
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1984	max	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Lebanon	1990	max	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Lebanon	1990	max	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
-			2:00	Lebanon	EET%s
+			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
 
 # Malaysia
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS
+Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:48 -	LMT	1880
-			6:55	-	SMT	1905 Jun
-			7:00	-	SGT	1933
-			7:20	-	SGT	1942 Feb 15
+			6:55:24	-	SMT	1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
+			7:00	-	MALT	1933	 # Malaya Time
+			7:20	-	MALT	1942 Feb 15
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 2
-			7:20	-	SGT	1950
-			7:30	-	SGT	1982 May
-			8:00	-	SGT
+			7:20	-	MALT	1950
+			7:30	-	MALT	1982 May
+			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
+Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
+			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
+			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 2
+			8:00	-	BORT	1982 May
+			8:00	-	MYT
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880			# Male
-			4:54	-	MMT	1960
-			5:00	-	PKT
+Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
+			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960	# Male Mean Time
+			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
-# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones,
-# but usno1995 and http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif
+# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and
+# <URL:http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif> (1995)
 # both say that it has just one.
 # Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones
 # till we know what their principal towns are.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	T
-Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mongol	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	T
-Rule	Mongol	1985	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	S
+Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Mongol	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	1985	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #Zone	Asia/Dariv	6:14:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			6:00	-	DST	1978
-#			7:00	Mongol	D%sT
+#			6:00	-	DART	1978	# Dariv Time
+#			7:00	Mongol	DAR%sT
 Zone	Asia/Ulan_Bator	7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	UST	1978
-			8:00	Mongol	U%sT
+			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulan Bator Time
+			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
 #Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt	7:33:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			8:00	-	BST	1978
-#			9:00	Mongol	B%sT
+#			8:00	-	BART	1978	# Baruun-Urt Time
+#			9:00	Mongol	BAR%sT
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Katmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 			5:30	-	IST	1986
-			5:45	-	NPT
+			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
 
 # Oman
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -740,23 +703,23 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
-			5:00	-	PKT
+			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
+			5:00	-	PKT	# Pakistan Time
 
 # Palestine
 # These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	-	EET	1957 May 10
-			2:00 EgyptAsia	EET%s	1967 Jun 30
+			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun 30
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
-# This will undoubtedly change soon.
 
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
@@ -765,18 +728,18 @@ Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 # Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844
 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
-			8:00	Phil	P%sT	1942 May
+			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
-			8:00	Phil	P%sT
+			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
 
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -792,78 +755,93 @@ Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
 # Singapore
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:24 -	LMT	1880
-			6:55	-	SMT	1905 Jun
-			7:00	-	SGT	1933
-			7:20	-	SGT	1942 Feb 15
+			6:55:24	-	SMT	1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
+			7:00	-	MALT	1933	 # Malaya Time
+			7:20	-	MALT	1942 Feb 15
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:20	-	SGT	1950
-			7:30	-	SGT	1982 May
+			7:20	-	MALT	1950
+			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
+			7:30	-	SGT	1982 May # Singapore Time
 			8:00	-	SGT
 
 # Spratly Is
 # no information
 
 # Sri Lanka
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# <URL:http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html> (1996-05-24)
+# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
+# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1991).
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
-			5:20	-	JMT	1906
+			5:20	-	CEYT	1906	# Ceylon Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
 			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
-			5:30	-	IST
+			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
+			6:30	-	LKT	# Sri Lanka Time
 
 # Syria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1990	max	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Syria	1990	max	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1990	max	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920
-			2:00	Syria	EET%s
+			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	DSK	1957 Mar
-			6:00 RussiaAsia DS%s	1991
-			6:00	-	DSK
-# Shanks has Dushanbe at 5:00 (6:00 summer) after 1991 Sep 29 3:00,
-# but usno1995 has it at 6:00.  Go with usno1995.
+			5:00	-	DUST	1957 Mar    # Dushanbe Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	TJ%sT	1992
+			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
+# Shanks has Dushanbe at 5:00 (6:00 summer) after 1991,
+# but a cable from the American Embassy at Dushanbe
+# <URL:http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960703ti.html> (1996-07-02)
+# says that Tajikistan is at 5:00.  Guess no DST after 1991.
 
 # Thailand
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
-			6:42	-	BMT	1920 Apr
+			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Turkmenistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Ashkhabad	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	ASK	1957 Mar
-			5:00 RussiaAsia AS%s	1991
-			5:00	-	ASK
-# Shanks has Ashkhabad at 4:00 (5:00 summer) after 1991 Sep 20 3:00,
-# but usno has it at 5:00.  Go with usno1995.
+Zone	Asia/Ashkhabad	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashgabat
+			4:00	-	ASHT	1957 Mar    # Ashkhabad Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			4:00	1:00	ASHST	1991 Oct 27 # independence
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992	    # Turkmenistan Time
+			4:00	-	TMT
+# Shanks has Ashkhabad at 4:00 (5:00 summer) after 1991, but
+# DHL <URL:http://www.dhl.com/dhlinfo/country/turkmeni.html> (1996-07-26)
+# reports 4:00.  Guess no DST after 1991.
 
 # United Arab Emirates
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -873,23 +851,25 @@ Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 # Uzbekistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	TSK	1957 Mar
-			6:00 RussiaAsia TS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	TSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			5:00	-	TSK
+			5:00	-	TAST	1957 Mar    # Tashkent Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	TASST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			5:00	-	UZT		    # Uzbekistan Time
 # Shanks has Tashkent using DST after 1991, but usno1995 says they don't.
-# Go with usno1995.
-# http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif claims that
-# Uzbekistan has two time zones, but we lack data about this.
+# Guess no DST after 1991.
+# <URL:http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif> (1995)
+# says that Uzbekistan has two time zones, but a cable
+# <URL:http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960510uz.html> (1996-05-10)
+# from the American Embassy in Tashkent implies that they have just one.
 
 # Vietnam
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
 # From Shanks (1991):
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Saigon	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
-			7:06	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01     # Saigon MT
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/australasia b/share/zoneinfo/australasia
index 960f9e3f559d..27e018bcde16 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/australasia
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/australasia
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)australasia	7.27
+# @(#)australasia	7.29
 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
 
 # Notes are at the end of this file
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 # Australian miscellany
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			7:00	-	JVT
+			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
 #
 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
@@ -159,32 +159,32 @@ Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 
 # Cook Is
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	Cook	1979	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	H
-Rule	Cook	1979	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Cook	1979	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Cook	1979	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901		# Avarua
-			-10:30	-	CIST	1978 Nov 12	# Cook Is ST
-			-10:00	Cook	T%sT
+			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12	# Cook Is Time
+			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
 
 # Cocos
 # From USNO (1989):
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:30	-	CCT
+Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
 
 # Fiji
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:53:40 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva
-			12:00	-	NZST
+			12:00	-	FJT	# Fiji Time
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Rikitea
-			 -9:00	-	GBT
+			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
-			 -9:30	-	MQT
+			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time
 Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Papeete
-			-10:00	-	THT
+			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time
 
 # Guam
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -209,57 +209,57 @@ Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
 # Kiribati
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901		# Bairiki
-			 12:00	-	NZST
+			 12:00	-	GILT		 # Gilbert Is Time
 Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
-			-12:00	-	KJT	1979 Oct
-			-11:00	-	SST	1995
-			 13:00	-	TGT
+			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
+			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995
+			 13:00	-	PHOT
 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
-			-10:40	-	LIT	1979 Oct	# Line Is Time
-			-10:00	-	THT	1995
-			 14:00	-	KRT
+			-10:40	-	LINT	1979 Oct # Line Is Time
+			-10:00	-	LINT	1995
+			 14:00	-	LINT
 
 # N Mariana Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Saipan	 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
-			 9:00	-	PLT	1969 Oct
-			10:00	-	GST
+			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
+			10:00	-	MPT
 
 # Marshall Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	NCST	1969 Oct
-			12:00	-	NZST
+			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
+			12:00	-	MHT
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	NCST	1969 Oct
-			-12:00	-	KJT	1993 Aug 20
-			12:00	-	NZST
+			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct
+			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20	# Kwajalein Time
+			12:00	-	MHT
 
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Yap	9:12:32	-	LMT	1901		# Colonia
-			9:00	-	PLT	1969 Oct
-			10:00	-	GST
+			9:00	-	YAPT	1969 Oct	# Yap Time
+			10:00	-	YAPT
 Zone Pacific/Truk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
-			10:00	-	GST
+			10:00	-	TRUT			# Truk Time
 Zone Pacific/Ponape	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia
-			11:00	-	NCST
+			11:00	-	PONT			# Ponape Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	NCST	1969 Oct
-			12:00	-	NZST
+			11:00	-	PONT	1969 Oct
+			12:00	-	KOST			# Kosrae Time
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15	# Uaobe
-			11:30	-	NST	1942 Mar 15
+			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15	# Nauru Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15
-			11:30	-	NST	1979 May
-			12:00	-	NZST
+			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May
+			12:00	-	NRT
 
 # New Caledonia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	S
+Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13
 			11:00	NC	NC%sT
@@ -293,11 +293,11 @@ Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868
 			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1940 Sep 29 2:00
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:45	NZ	CH%sT
+Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:45	NZ	CHA%sT
 
 
 # Antipodes Is, Kermadec Is
-# no information; probably like Pacific/Auckland
+# uninhabited except by research personnel; probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -305,20 +305,20 @@ Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:45	NZ	CH%sT
 # Niue
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901		# Alofi
-			-11:20	-	NIT	1951	    # Niue I Time
-			-11:30	-	NIT	1978 Oct 1
-			-11:00	-	SST
+			-11:20	-	NUT	1951	# Niue Time
+			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct 1
+			-11:00	-	NUT
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kingston
-			11:12	-	NMT	1951
-			11:30	-	NRFT
+			11:12	-	NMT	1951	# Norfolk Mean Time
+			11:30	-	NFT		# Norfolk Time
 
 # Palau
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror
-			9:00	-	PLT
+			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
 
 # Palmyra
 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritmati
@@ -326,18 +326,18 @@ Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
-			9:49	-	PMMT	1895
-			10:00	-	EST
+			9:48:40	-	PMMT	1895	# Port Moresby Mean Time
+			10:00	-	PGT		# Papua New Guinea Time
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901		# Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	PIT
+			-8:30	-	PNT	# Pitcairn Time
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	SST	1950
+			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
 			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering
 			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa
@@ -345,52 +345,52 @@ Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 # W Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	SST	1950
-			-11:00	-	SST
+			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
+			-11:00	-	WST			# W Samoa Time
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara
-			11:00	-	NCST
+			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time
 
 # Tokelau Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-10:00	-	THT
+			-10:00	-	TKT	# Tokelau Time
 
 # Tonga
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:20	-	TMT	1968 Oct
-			13:00	-	TGT
+			12:20	-	TOT	1968 Oct # Tonga Time
+			13:00	-	TOT
 
 # Tuvalu
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	NZST
+			12:00	-	TVT	# Tuvalu Time
 
 # Vanuatu
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Vanuatu	1983	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Vanuatu	1984	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=23	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Vanuatu	1984	only	-	Oct	23	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1990	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Vanuatu	1991	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Vanuatu	1992	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Vanuatu	1983	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Vanuatu	1984	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Vanuatu	1984	only	-	Oct	23	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1990	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Vanuatu	1991	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Vanuatu	1992	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13		# Vila
-			11:00	-	NCST
+			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time
 
 # Wake
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wake	11:06:28 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	NZST
+			12:00	-	WAKT	# Wake Time
 
 # Wallis and Futuna
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	NZST
+			12:00	-	WFT	# Wallis & Futuna Time
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -419,40 +419,27 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std dst
 #		LMT	Local Mean Time
-#	  6:30	CCT	Cocos*
-#	  7:00	JVT	Java*
 #	  8:00	WST WST	Western Australia
 #	  9:00	JST	Japan
-#	  9:00	PLT	Palau*
 #	  9:30	CST CST	Central Australia
 #	 10:00	EST EST	Eastern Australia
-#	 10:00	GST	Guam*
+#	 10:00	GST	Guam
 #	 10:30	LHST LHST Lord Howe*
-#	 11:00	NCST NCDT New Caledonia*
-#	 11:30	NRFT	Norfolk*
 #	 12:00	NZST NZDT New Zealand
-#	 12:45	CHST CHDT Chatham*
-#	 13:00	TGT	Tongatapu*
-#	 14:00	KRT	Kiritimati*
-#	-12:00	KJT	Kwajalein (no longer used)*
+#	 12:45	CHAST CHADT Chatham*
 #	-11:00	SST	Samoa
-#	-10:40	LIT	Line Is (no longer used)*
-#	-10:00	THT	Tahiti*
 #	-10:00	HST	Hawaii
-#	- 9:30	MQT	Marquesas*
-#	- 9:00	GBT	Gambier*
-#	- 8:30	PIT	Pitcairn*
 #
 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
 #
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
-# From John Mackin (March 6, 1991):
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
 # It is called `summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
@@ -486,20 +473,20 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Northern Territory
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY..  [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
 # #	N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
 # ...
 # Zone        Australia/North         9:30    -       CST
 
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
 
 # Western Australia
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA..  [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # #	W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
@@ -514,23 +501,23 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
 
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
 
-# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (November 2, 1991):
+# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
 # work at 9.00am.)
 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
 # everybody again.
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
 # Queensland
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
 # #						[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
@@ -541,21 +528,21 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
 
-# From Bradley White (December 24, 1989):
+# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
 # October 1989).
 
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
-# From John Mackin (March 6, 1991):
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
 # end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised
 # me.)
 
-# From Bradley White (March 8, 1992):
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
 # ...
@@ -563,12 +550,12 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
 # ...
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
 
 # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The rules from version 7.1 follow.
 # There are lots of differences between these rules and
 # the Shepherd et al. rules.  Since the Shepherd et al. rules
@@ -586,7 +573,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 #				10:00	1:00	EST	1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
 #				10:00	Oz	EST
 
-# From Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
 # that changed Oct 89.  That is, we're back to the
 # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
@@ -596,12 +583,12 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # South Australia
 
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
@@ -612,23 +599,23 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Rule	 AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun<=21	3:00	0	C
 # Rule	 AS	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
 
-# From Bradley White (March 11, 1992):
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
 # contained the following exchange:  "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
 
-# From Robert Elz (March 13, 1992):
+# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
 # numbered year (from 1990).  That's when the Adelaide Festival
 # is on...
 
-# From Robert Elz (March 16, 1992, 00:57:07 +1000):
+# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
 
-# From Bradley White (April 11, 1994):
+# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
@@ -640,11 +627,11 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Tasmania
 
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...Tasmania will revert to Australian Eastern Standard Time on March 31...
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
@@ -665,7 +652,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	E
 
-# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (October 10, 1991):
+# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
 # My state Government in there eagerness to get a few more bucks for the
 # tourist industry industry decided to change the daylight savings times
 # yet again (we now have almost 6 months per year)...
@@ -676,18 +663,18 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Rule  Oz      1987    1990    -       Mar     Sun<=21 3:00    0       -
 # Rule  Oz      1991    max     -       Mar     Sun<=31 3:00    0       -
 
-# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (October 10, 1991):
+# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
 # (but nothing new about that).
 
 # Victoria
 
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...Victoria...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
@@ -714,26 +701,26 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 #	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
 #	I have researched New South Wales time only...
 
-# From Dave Davey (March 3, 1990):
+# From Dave Davey (1990-03-03):
 # Rule	NSW	1988	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 # Rule	NSW	1989	only	-	Mar	Sun<=21	3:00	0	-
 
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # NSW...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The state of NEW SOUTH WALES.. [confirmed by Attorney General's Dept N.S.W]
 # #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Rule	 AN	1988	1989	-	Mar	Sun<=21	3:00	0	E
 # ...
 
-# From John Mackin (March 9, 1991)
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-09)
 # I have confirmed the accuracy of the historical data for NSW in the
 # file Robert forwarded
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # Sources differ on whether DST ended March 6 or March 20 in 1988;
 # March 20 (the "confirmed" date) is in the chosen rules.
 
@@ -743,10 +730,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Yancowinna
 
-# From John Basser (January 4, 1989):
+# From John Basser (1989-01-04):
 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
 # #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
@@ -764,7 +751,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # LHI...		[ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
 #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
@@ -781,13 +768,13 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
 # Elz says "no guarantees"
 
-# From Mark Davies (October 3, 1990):
+# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
 # #				   or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
 # #	[ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
@@ -801,7 +788,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Zone	NZ			12:00	NZ		NZ%sT	# New Zealand
 # Zone	NZ-CHAT			12:45	-		NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
 # rather than the October 1 value.
 
@@ -838,7 +825,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
-# August 20, 1993.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
+# 1993-08-20.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
 
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/europe b/share/zoneinfo/europe
index ce66e8ab5876..abeba9838641 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/europe
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/europe
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)europe	7.38
+# @(#)europe	7.40
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
@@ -16,44 +16,25 @@
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# The starred Russian names are dubious.  Corrections are welcome!
+# Corrections are welcome!
 #		std dst
 #		LMT	Local Mean Time
-#		LST	Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
 #	-4:00	AST	Atlantic
-#	-3:00	WGT+DST	Western Greenland*
-#	-2:00	MGT+DST	Middle Greenland*
-#	-1:00	EGT+DST	Eastern Greenland*
-#	-1:00	ACT+DST	Azores and Canaries*
-#	-1:00	IST IDT	Iceland (no longer used)*
+#	-3:00	WGT WGST Western Greenland*
+#	-1:00	EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
 #	 0:00	GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
-#	 0:00	WET+DST Western Europe
-#	 1:00	MET+DST Middle Europe
-#	 2:00	EET+DST Eastern Europe
-#	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
-#	 3:00	TUR+DST	Turkey (no longer used)*
-#	 4:00	KSK KSD	Kuybyshev (was 3:00)*
-#	 5:00	ESK ESD	Yekaterinburg (was 4:00) (was SSK, SSD)*
-#	 6:00	OSK OSD	Omsk (was 5:00)*
-#	 6:00	NSK NSD	Novosibirsk (was 7:00)
-#	 7:00	KRSK KRSD Krasnoyarsk (was 6:00)
-#	 8:00	ISK ISD	Irkutsk (was 7:00)*
-#	 9:00	YSK YSD	Yakutsk (was 8:00)*
-#	10:00	VSK VSD	Vladivostok (was 9:00)*
-#	11:00	MSK MSD	Magadan (was 10:00)*
-#	12:00	PSK PSD	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (was 11:00)*
-#	13:00	ASK ASD	Anadyr (was 12:00)*
-#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+#	 0:00	GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
+#	 0:00	WET WEST Western Europe
+#	 1:00	CET CEST Central Europe
+#	 2:00	EET EEST Eastern Europe
+#
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
 # is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
 # Oxford University Press (1980).
 
-# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
-# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'').
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994),
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
@@ -74,11 +55,13 @@
 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
 # in the Directive.
 
+
 ###############################################################################
 
 # United Kingdom
+# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
 #
 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
@@ -99,7 +82,7 @@
 #
 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 #
 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
@@ -134,7 +117,13 @@
 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
 # One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
+# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
+# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
+# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
 #
 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
@@ -145,7 +134,7 @@
 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
 #
 # Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
 # exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
@@ -172,7 +161,7 @@
 # an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
 # to specify the EC specified dates.
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18):
 #
 # My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
 # accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
@@ -194,7 +183,13 @@
 # Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
 # Monday, 2nd April.'
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
+# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
+# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
+# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
+# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
+
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
 #
 # > # Current rules
 # > Rule GB-Eire 1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	BST
@@ -218,7 +213,7 @@
 # summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
 # be the end of it.
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22):
 #
 # I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
 # It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
@@ -251,7 +246,7 @@
 # It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
 # and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28):
 #
 # I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
 # the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
@@ -274,7 +269,7 @@
 # of the 1880 date in Shanks.  The little bit of it that is repealed
 # also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29):
 #
 # My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
 # Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
@@ -443,7 +438,7 @@
 # thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
 # summer time in 1968....
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993)
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18)
 #
 # Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
 # before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
@@ -608,7 +603,7 @@
 # 1993    28 Mar  24 Oct fixed
 # 1994    27 Mar  23 Oct fixed
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18):
 # I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
 # (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
 # The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
@@ -631,7 +626,7 @@
 # by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just
 # before Easter).
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28):
 # The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
 # of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
 # The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
@@ -719,18 +714,18 @@ Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
 Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	19	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	25	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	DST
+Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	DST
+Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
-Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	1:00s	2:00	DST
+Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	15	1:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	DST
+Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT
 # So much for double saving time.  1948 and 1949, irregular.
@@ -768,15 +763,15 @@ Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Sep 22
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
 Zone	Europe/Belfast	-0:23:40 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00    # Dublin MT
-			-0:25:21 1:00	DST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
+			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 3:00    # Irish Summer Time
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:21 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00    # Dublin MT
-			-0:25:21 1:00	DST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6
+			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00
 			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16 2:00
@@ -795,259 +790,278 @@ Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:21 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 # Common Market, etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
-Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 
 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
-Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 
-# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
-# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EU only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
-Rule	M-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	M-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	M-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	M-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	M-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
+# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
+Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks.
-Rule	M-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	M-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	M-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	M-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
-Rule	M-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	M-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	M-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	M-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	M-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	M-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	M-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	K
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
+Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
+Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
+Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	MST
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
 # Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
-# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
+# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
 # My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DD
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	K
-Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	K
-Rule	Russia	1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	K
-Rule	Russia	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DS
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Russia	1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Russia	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 
 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WET%s
-Zone	MET		1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
-Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EET%s
+Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
+Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
+Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
+Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
+
+# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
+# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
 
-# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time
+# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
+# The official German names ... are
+#
+#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
+#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
+#
+# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
+# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
+#
+#	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
+#	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
+#	Postfach 3345
+#	D-38023 Braunschweig
+#	phone: +49 531 592-0
+#
+# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
+# department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
+# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
+#
+#	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
+#	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
 
-Link	MET	CET
 
 # Albania
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
-			1:00	-	MET	1940 Jun 16
-			1:00	Albania	MET%s	1985 Mar 31 1:00
-			1:00	W-Eur	MET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
+			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1985 Mar 31 1:00
+			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
 
 # Andorra
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
-			1:00	-	MET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Austria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918 Jun 16 3:00
-			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1940 Apr  1 2:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
-			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1981
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Jun 16 3:00
+			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
+			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Belarus
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
-			2:31	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct
+			2:30:20	Russia	%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1922 Oct # Moscow Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 
 # Belgium
 # Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # From Whitman:
-Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
 # Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Belgium	1920	1921	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1920	1921	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Belgium	1922	1928	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1929	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:20 -	LMT	1880
-			0:17	-	BST	1892 May  1 12:00
+			0:17:20	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
 			0:00	-	WET	1914 Aug  4
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1919 Mar  1 23:00
-			0:00	Belgium	WET%s	1940 Feb 24 23:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2  2:00
-			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Mar  1 23:00
+			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 Feb 24 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
+			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Sarajevo	1:13:40	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	MET	1983
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1983
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Bulgaria
-# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14;
-# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat<=7	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat<=7	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
-			1:57	-	TST	1894 Nov 30
+			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
 			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2  3:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
-			2:00	Bulg	EET%s	1982 Sep 26  2:00
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 
 # Croatia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zagreb	1:03:52	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	MET	1983
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1983
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Czech Republic
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
-			0:58	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
-			1:00	Czech	MET%s	1979
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
+			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Denmark
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
-Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Aug	15	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
 # Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
 # about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
@@ -1055,45 +1069,43 @@ Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
 # For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
-			 0:50	-	CMT	1894 Apr  # Copenhagen Mean Time
-			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
-			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
-			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1980
-			 1:00	EU	MET%s
+			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Apr  # Copenhagen Mean Time
+			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
+			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
+			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Faeroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 			 0:00	-	WET	1981
-			 0:00	EU	WET%s
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
-			-2:00	-	MGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
-			-2:00	M-Eur	MGT%s	1981 Mar 29
-			-1:00	M-Eur	EGT%s
+			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
+			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
+			-1:00	C-Eur	EG%sT
 Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
 			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
-			-3:00	M-Eur	WGT%s
+			-3:00	C-Eur	WG%sT
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Estonia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
-#
 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
-			1:39	-	LST	1918 Feb
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1919 Jul
-			1:39	-	LST	1921 May
+			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
+			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Sep 22
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 
 # Finland
+# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
 #
 # From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
@@ -1104,61 +1116,64 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 # Go with Strang instead.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
-			1:40	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
-			2:00	Finland	EET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00
-			2:00	EU	EET%s
+			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
+			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # France
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
+# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31.
+#
 # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
 # From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
 # but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
-Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 0:00	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	France	1943	only	-	Nov	 4	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	" DDST"
+Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	DS
+Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 0:00	2:00	DS
+Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	DS
+Rule	France	1943	only	-	Nov	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	DS
+Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
+Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	DS
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
@@ -1167,113 +1182,112 @@ Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	France	WET%s	1940 Jun 14
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Aug 25
-			0:00	France	WET%s	1945 Sep 16 3:00
-			1:00	France	MET%s	1977
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
+			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
+			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Germany
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	DS
+Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Germany	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	DS
+Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr 2 2:00
-			1:00	Germany	MET%s	1980
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr 2 2:00
+			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Gibraltar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14 2:00
-			1:00	-	MET	1982
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Greece
-# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846.
-# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28.
-# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Nov	26	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Oct	10	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1977	only	-	Sep	26	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1978	only	-	Sep	24	4:00	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
-			1:35	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
-			2:00	Greece	EET%s	1941 Apr 30
-			1:00	Greece	MET%s	1944 Apr  4
-			2:00	Greece	EET%s	1981
-			# Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981;
+			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
+			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
+			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
+			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
+			# Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
 			# go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
-			2:00	EU	EET%s
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Hungary
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Sep	15	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918
-			1:00	Hungary	MET%s	1941 Apr  6  2:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  1 23:00
-			1:00	Hungary	MET%s	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
+			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  1 23:00
+			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Iceland
 #
-# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993):
+# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
 #
-# (December 5, 1993):
+# (1993-12-05):
 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
 # Iceland Almanak.
 #
@@ -1287,7 +1301,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
 #
-# (December 10, 1993):
+# (1993-12-10):
 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
@@ -1295,46 +1309,47 @@ Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 #	(old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
-# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced
-# in Iceland until 1700.
+# might mean something else (???).
 #
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
 # Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	S
-Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	S
-Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	S
-Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	S
-Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	S
-Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	S
+Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	-
+Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	-
+Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	-
 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
-Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	S
+Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
-Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
-Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	S
-Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	S
-Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	S
+Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
-			-1:28	-	RMT	1908	   # Reykjavik Mean Time
-			-1:00	Iceland	I%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
+			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
+			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
-# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (see `FP' below),
-# taken from a publication of the Italian National Electrotechnical Institute.
+# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP'
+# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication.
 # When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
 #
 # year	FP	Shanks (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
@@ -1348,186 +1363,180 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 #	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S
 #	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see M-Eur)
+# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
 #	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S
 #	09-20	09-27 00:00			S
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1966	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
-			0:50	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
-			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Jul
-			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1980
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
 Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 
 # Latvia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
-			1:36	-	LST	1918 Apr 15 2:00
-			1:36	M-Eur	LST%s	1919 Apr  1 2:00
-			1:36	1:00  "LST DST"	1919 May 22 3:00
-			1:36	-	LST	1926 May 11
+			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
+			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
+			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
+			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
+			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Aug  8
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Jul # Moscow Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug  8
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 
 # Liechtenstein
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
-			1:00	-	MET	1981
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	-	CET	1981
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Lithuania
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
-			1:24	-	LST	1917		# Kaunas
-			1:36	-	LST	1919 Oct 10
-			1:00	-	MET	1920 Jul 12
+			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
+			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
+			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
 			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
-			1:00	-	MET	1940 Aug  3
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Aug
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
+			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 
 # Luxembourg
 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
-			1:00	Lux	MET%s	1918 Nov 25
-			0:00	Lux	WET%s	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
-			0:00	Belgium	WET%s	1940 May 14 3:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	WET%s	1944 Sep 18 3:00
-			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
+			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
+			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
+			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Macedonia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Skopje	1:25:44	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	MET	1983
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1983
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Malta
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2	# Valletta
-			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
-			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1973 Mar 31
-			1:00	Malta	MET%s	1981
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
+			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Moldova
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 
 # Monaco
 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	France	WET%s	1945 Sep 16 3:00
-			1:00	France	MET%s	1977
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
+			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Netherlands
 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT
+Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
+Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
 # Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
@@ -1535,7 +1544,7 @@ Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	Mon>=24	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	NST
 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Neth	1922	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
+Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	NST
 # Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
@@ -1545,363 +1554,399 @@ Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
+Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	May	20	2:00s	0	-
 # Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:28 -	LMT	1892 May
 			0:19:28	Neth	%s	1937 Jul
-			0:20	Neth	%s	1940 May 16 0:40
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
-			1:00	Neth	MET%s	1977
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:40
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
+			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Norway
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 # Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Norway	1935	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Norway	1935	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
 # 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
-Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895
-			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1940 Aug 10 23:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2  2:00
-			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1980
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
-# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
+			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
+			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+#
+# Svalbard
+Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 #
+# Jan Mayen
 # From Whitman:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	EGT
 
 # Poland
-# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
-# on 1582 Oct 15.  Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1947	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	Sun>=25	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	Sun>=25	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
-			1:24	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918 Sep 16 3:00
-			2:00	Poland	EET%s	1922 Jun
-			1:00	Poland	MET%s	1940 Jun 23 2:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Oct
-			1:00	Poland	MET%s	1977 Apr  3 1:00
-			1:00	W-Eur	MET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
+			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
+			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
+			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977 Apr  3 1:00
+			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
 
 # Portugal
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	DS
+Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Oct	Sat>=24	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	DS
+Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	DS
+Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 # Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:32 -	LMT	1884
-			-0:37	-	LMT	1911 May 24   # Lisbon Mean Time
-			 0:00	Port	WET%s	1966 Apr  3 2:00
-			 1:00	-	MET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
-			 0:00	Port	WET%s	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-			 0:00	EU	WET%s	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
-# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992):
+			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1911 May 24   # Lisbon Mean Time
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
+			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
-			 1:00	EU	MET%s	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
 # Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
-			 0:00	1:00  "WET DST"	1996 Oct 27 1:00u
-			 0:00	EU	WET%s
+			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 # We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
 # so we'll just use Shanks for now.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884		# Ponta Delgada
 			-1:55	-	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
-			-2:00	Port	ACT%s	1966 Apr  3 2:00
-			-1:00	-	ACT	1977 Mar 27
-			-1:00	-	ACT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-			-1:00	W-Eur	ACT%s
+			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
+			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884		# Funchal
 			-1:08	-	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
-			-1:00	Port	ACT%s	1966 Apr  3 2:00
-			 0:00	-	WET	1977 Mar 27
-			 0:00	Port	WET%s	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-			 0:00	EU	WET%s
+			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
-# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on
-# on 1919 Mar 18.  Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
-			1:44	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
-			2:00	Romania	EET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
+			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 
 # Russia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
-# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991,
-# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
-# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
+# From Shanks (1991):
+# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
+# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
+# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
+# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
 # guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
 # The rest is from Shanks.
 #
-# From Shanks (1991):
-# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
-# on 1918 Jan 14.  Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18.
-# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
-# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 2:31	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
-			 3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct
+			 2:30:20 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
+			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1922 Oct # Moscow TIme
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			 3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
 			 2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MS%s
+			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT
 Zone Europe/Kuybyshev	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 3:00	-	KSK	1957 Mar
-			 4:00	Russia	KS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 3:00	1:00	KSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 3:00	-	KSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	KS%s
+			 3:00	-	KUYT	1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
+			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 3:00	1:00	KUYST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 3:00	-	KUYT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT
 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:34 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 4:00	-	SSK	1957 Mar
-			 5:00	Russia	SS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 4:00	1:00	SSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	SSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	ES%s	# name change from Sverdlovsk
+			 4:00	-	SVET	1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
+			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 4:00	1:00	SVEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 4:00	-	SVET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	# Yekaterinburg Time
 Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 5:00	-	OSK	1957 Mar
-			 6:00	Russia	OS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 5:00	1:00	OSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 5:00	-	OSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	OS%s
-# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994):
+			 5:00	-	OMST	1957 Mar # Omsk Time
+			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 5:00	1:00	OMSST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 5:00	-	OMST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
+# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 6:00	-	NSK	1957 Mar
-			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 6:00	-	NSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NS%s
+			 6:00	-	NOVT	1957 Mar # Novosibirsk TIme
+			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 6:00	-	NOVT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 6:00	-	KRSK	1957 Mar
-			 7:00	Russia	KRS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	1:00	KRSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 6:00	-	KRSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRS%s
+			 6:00	-	KRAT	1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 6:00	1:00	KRAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 6:00	-	KRAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 6:57	-	LST	1924 May  2
-			 7:00	-	ISK	1957 Mar
-			 8:00	Russia	IS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 7:00	1:00	ISD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 7:00	-	ISK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	IS%s
+			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1924 May  2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+			 7:00	-	IRKT	1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
+			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 7:00	1:00	IRKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 7:00	-	IRKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 8:00	-	YSK	1957 Mar
-			 9:00	Russia	YS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 8:00	1:00	YSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 8:00	-	YSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YS%s
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 8:00	1:00	YAKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1880
-			 8:48	-	LST	1924 May  2
-			 9:00	-	VSK	1957 Mar
-			10:00	Russia	VS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 9:00	1:00	VSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 9:00	-	VSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	VS%s
+			 8:47:44 -	VMT	1924 May  2 # Vladivostok MT
+			 9:00	-	VLAT	1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 9:00	1:00	VLAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 9:00	-	VLAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	MSK	1957 Mar
-			11:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			10:00	1:00	MSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			10:00	-	MSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MS%s
+			10:00	-	MAGT	1957 Mar # Magadan Time
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			10:00	1:00	MAGST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			10:00	-	MAGT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT
 # This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			11:00	-	PSK	1957 Mar
-			12:00	Russia	PS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			11:00	1:00	PSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			11:00	-	PSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	PS%s
+			11:00	-	PETT	1957 Mar # P-K Time
+			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			11:00	1:00	PETST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			11:00	-	PETT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	PET%sT
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			12:00	-	ASK	1957 Mar
-			13:00	Russia	AS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			12:00	1:00	ASD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			12:00	-	ASK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			13:00	Russia	AS%s
+			12:00	-	ANAT	1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
+			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			12:00	1:00	ANAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			12:00	-	ANAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT
 
 # Slovakia
 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 
 # Slovenia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Ljubljana	0:58:04	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	MET	1983
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1983
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Spain
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	DS
+Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	DS
+Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
+# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
+Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
+Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901
-			 0:00	Spain	WET%s	1946 Sep 30
-			 1:00	Spain	MET%s	1979
-			 1:00	EU	MET%s
+			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
+			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
+			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
+Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
+			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
+			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
+			 0:00	-	WET	1924
+			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
+			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+			 1:00	-	CET	1986
+			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-			-1:00	-	ACT	1946 Sep 30 1:00
+			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
 			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6 0:00s
-			 0:00	1:00  "WET DST"	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
-			 0:00	EU	WET%s
+			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Sweden
+
+# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
+#
+# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
+# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
+# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
+# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
+# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
+#
+# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
+# they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
+# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
+# year!...
+#
+# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
+# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
+#
+# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
+# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
+# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
+# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878 May 31
-			1:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
-			1:00	-	MET	1916 Apr 14 23:00s
-			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1916 Sep 30 23:00s
-			1:00	-	MET	1980
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:12:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
+			1:00	-	CET	1916 Apr 14 23:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Sep 30 23:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1980
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Switzerland
 # From Howse (1988), p 82:
@@ -1910,121 +1955,130 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
-Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
 # From Shanks (1991):
-Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1848 Sep 12
-			0:30	-	SST	1894 Jun   # Swiss Standard Time
-			1:00	Swiss	MET%s	1981
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Turkey
-# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908.
-# Asian Turkey switched in 1914.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1947	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Nov	 4	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	5:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1975	1976	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1977	only	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1979	1982	-	Oct	Mon>=11	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
-			1:57	-	OMT	1910 Oct     # Ottoman Mean Time
-			2:00	Turkey	EET%s	1978 Oct 15
-			3:00	Turkey	TUR%s	1985 Apr 20
-			2:00	Turkey	EET%s	1986
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
+			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
+			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
+			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1986
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
 # Ukraine
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	" DDST"
-Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
-Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	UST	# Ukrainian Summer Time
+Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean TIme
+Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	UDST	# Ukrainian Double Summer Time
+Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	UST
+Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	UDST
+Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	UST
+Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	KMT
+Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	UST
+Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	UDST
+Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	UST
+Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	KMT
+Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	CST	# Crimean Summer Time
+Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	NMT	# Nikolayev Mean Time
+Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	CDST	# Crimean Double Summer Time
+Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	CST
+Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	CDST
+Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	CST
+Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	NMT
+Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	CST
+Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	CDST
+Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	CST
+Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	NMT
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
-			2:02	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
-			2:02	Ukraine	LST%s	1924 May  2
+			2:02:04	Ukraine	%s	1924 May  2
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1990 Jul 17
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
-#			This may change to `EU' soon.
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
 Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
-			2:08	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
-			2:08	Ukraine	LST%s	1924 May  2
+			2:08:00	Crimea	%s	1924 May  2
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28):
 # Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
 # For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
-			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
-			3:00	Russia	MS%s
+			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT
 
 # Yugoslavia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	MET	1983
-			1:00	EU	MET%s
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1983
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -2094,7 +2148,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 # INTERNET   : dik@cwi.nl
 # BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...
 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
 # Since 1978.  Change at midnight.
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab b/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3daf4abb8dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+# ISO 3166 2-letter country codes
+#
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
+#
+# This file contains a table with the following columns:
+# 1.  ISO 3166 2-character country code.
+# 2.  The usual English name for the country,
+#	chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
+#
+# Columns are separated by a single tab.
+# The table is sorted by country code.
+#
+# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
+#
+#country-
+#code	country name
+AD	Andorra
+AE	United Arab Emirates
+AF	Afghanistan
+AG	Antigua & Barbuda
+AI	Anguilla
+AL	Albania
+AM	Armenia
+AN	Netherlands Antilles
+AO	Angola
+AQ	Antarctica
+AR	Argentina
+AS	Samoa (American)
+AT	Austria
+AU	Australia
+AW	Aruba
+AZ	Azerbaijan
+BA	Bosnia & Herzegovina
+BB	Barbados
+BD	Bangladesh
+BE	Belgium
+BF	Burkina Faso
+BG	Bulgaria
+BH	Bahrain
+BI	Burundi
+BJ	Benin
+BM	Bermuda
+BN	Brunei
+BO	Bolivia
+BR	Brazil
+BS	Bahamas
+BT	Bhutan
+BV	Bouvet Island
+BW	Botswana
+BY	Belarus
+BZ	Belize
+CA	Canada
+CC	Cocos (Keeling) Islands
+CF	Central African Rep.
+CG	Congo
+CH	Switzerland
+CI	Cote d'Ivoire
+CK	Cook Islands
+CL	Chile
+CM	Cameroon
+CN	China
+CO	Colombia
+CR	Costa Rica
+CU	Cuba
+CV	Cape Verde
+CX	Christmas Island
+CY	Cyprus
+CZ	Czech Republic
+DE	Germany
+DJ	Djibouti
+DK	Denmark
+DM	Dominica
+DO	Dominican Republic
+DZ	Algeria
+EC	Ecuador
+EE	Estonia
+EG	Egypt
+EH	Western Sahara
+ER	Eritrea
+ES	Spain
+ET	Ethiopia
+FI	Finland
+FJ	Fiji
+FK	Falkland Islands
+FM	Micronesia
+FO	Faeroe Islands
+FR	France
+GA	Gabon
+GB	Britain (UK)
+GD	Grenada
+GE	Georgia
+GF	French Guiana
+GH	Ghana
+GI	Gibraltar
+GL	Greenland
+GM	Gambia
+GN	Guinea
+GP	Guadeloupe
+GQ	Equatorial Guinea
+GR	Greece
+GS	South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands
+GT	Guatemala
+GU	Guam
+GW	Guinea-Bissau
+GY	Guyana
+HK	Hong Kong
+HM	Heard Island & McDonald Islands
+HN	Honduras
+HR	Croatia
+HT	Haiti
+HU	Hungary
+ID	Indonesia
+IE	Ireland
+IL	Israel
+IN	India
+IO	British Indian Ocean Territory
+IQ	Iraq
+IR	Iran
+IS	Iceland
+IT	Italy
+JM	Jamaica
+JO	Jordan
+JP	Japan
+KE	Kenya
+KG	Kirgizstan
+KH	Cambodia
+KI	Kiribati
+KM	Comoros
+KN	St Kitts & Nevis
+KP	Korea (North)
+KR	Korea (South)
+KW	Kuwait
+KY	Cayman Islands
+KZ	Kazakhstan
+LA	Laos
+LB	Lebanon
+LC	St Lucia
+LI	Liechtenstein
+LK	Sri Lanka
+LR	Liberia
+LS	Lesotho
+LT	Lithuania
+LU	Luxembourg
+LV	Latvia
+LY	Libya
+MA	Morocco
+MC	Monaco
+MD	Moldova
+MG	Madagascar
+MH	Marshall Islands
+MK	Macedonia
+ML	Mali
+MM	Myanmar (Burma)
+MN	Mongolia
+MO	Macao
+MP	Northern Mariana Islands
+MQ	Martinique
+MR	Mauritania
+MS	Montserrat
+MT	Malta
+MU	Mauritius
+MV	Maldives
+MW	Malawi
+MX	Mexico
+MY	Malaysia
+MZ	Mozambique
+NA	Namibia
+NC	New Caledonia
+NE	Niger
+NF	Norfolk Island
+NG	Nigeria
+NI	Nicaragua
+NL	Netherlands
+NO	Norway
+NP	Nepal
+NR	Nauru
+NU	Niue
+NZ	New Zealand
+OM	Oman
+PA	Panama
+PE	Peru
+PF	French Polynesia
+PG	Papua New Guinea
+PH	Philippines
+PK	Pakistan
+PL	Poland
+PM	St Pierre & Miquelon
+PN	Pitcairn
+PR	Puerto Rico
+PT	Portugal
+PW	Palau
+PY	Paraguay
+QA	Qatar
+RE	Reunion
+RO	Romania
+RU	Russia
+RW	Rwanda
+SA	Saudi Arabia
+SB	Solomon Islands
+SC	Seychelles
+SD	Sudan
+SE	Sweden
+SG	Singapore
+SH	St Helena
+SI	Slovenia
+SJ	Svalbard & Jan Mayen
+SK	Slovakia
+SL	Sierra Leone
+SM	San Marino
+SN	Senegal
+SO	Somalia
+SR	Suriname
+ST	Sao Tome & Principe
+SV	El Salvador
+SY	Syria
+SZ	Swaziland
+TC	Turks & Caicos Is
+TD	Chad
+TF	French Southern & Antarctic Lands
+TG	Togo
+TH	Thailand
+TJ	Tajikistan
+TK	Tokelau
+TM	Turkmenistan
+TN	Tunisia
+TO	Tonga
+TP	East Timor
+TR	Turkey
+TT	Trinidad & Tobago
+TV	Tuvalu
+TW	Taiwan
+TZ	Tanzania
+UA	Ukraine
+UG	Uganda
+UM	US minor outlying islands
+US	United States
+UY	Uruguay
+UZ	Uzbekistan
+VA	Vatican City
+VC	St Vincent
+VE	Venezuela
+VG	Virgin Islands (UK)
+VI	Virgin Islands (US)
+VN	Vietnam
+VU	Vanuatu
+WF	Wallis & Futuna
+WS	Samoa (Western)
+YE	Yemen
+YT	Mayotte
+YU	Yugoslavia
+ZA	South Africa
+ZM	Zambia
+ZR	Zaire
+ZW	Zimbabwe
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/northamerica b/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
index 57719816f9bb..5c0c02cc9315 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-# @(#)northamerica	7.26
+# @(#)northamerica	7.28
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 17, 1994):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-08-17):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
 # Oxford University Press (1980).
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
-# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, October 26, 1974
-# and Sunday, October 27, 1974 editions of the Washington Post.
+# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
+# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Rule	US	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
 #    old			 new
 #    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Rule	US	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 # I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
@@ -92,16 +92,16 @@ Rule	US	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 # The above dates are for 1988.
 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 # Aleutians.
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
-# up to April 1, 1967 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
+# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard eastern time
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Rule	US	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard Alaska time
 #	(none)
-# Next, names from April 1, 1967 until November 30, 1983 (the date for
+# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 # public law 98-181):
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Rule	US	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 #	Yukon standard time
 #	Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 #	Bering standard time
-# And after November 30, 1983:
+# And after 1983-11-30:
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
-# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, in 1867 when the US purchased it
-# from Russia.  We omit this transition, since we can't represent changes
-# from Julian to Gregorian.
+# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
+# This was on 1867-10-18.  We omit this transition, since we can't represent
+# changes from Julian to Gregorian.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968
 			-7:00	-	MST
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 # notes in private correspondence dated 12/28/87 that "Presently, only the
 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
@@ -350,10 +350,10 @@ Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 #
 # Starke County, Indiana
-# From Arthur David Olson (October 28, 1991):
-# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, October 27, 1991 Washington Post
+# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
+# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
-# October 27, 1991.
+# 1991-10-27.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Starke	1947	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Starke	1947	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Zone America/Louisville	-5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 
 # Michigan
 #
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
 ################################################################################
 
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
@@ -472,12 +472,9 @@ Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
-# I invented the abbreviation SPST for St Pierre Standard Time; SPDT likewise.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#
 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
 #
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
 
 # Canada
 
@@ -717,7 +714,7 @@ Zone America/Winnipeg	-6:28:36 -	LMT	1887 Jul 16
 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
 
-# From W. Jones <jones@skdad.usask.ca> (November 6, 1992):
+# From W. Jones <jones@skdad.usask.ca> (1992-11-06):
 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
@@ -839,7 +836,6 @@ Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	May	25	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
-#							0:00 ??
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	2:00	DD
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -877,7 +873,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # as listed there; [there is also] "Baja California Sur and N. Pacific
 # Coast (States of Sinaloa and Sonora)."
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # The Federal District (where Mexico City is) has observed [DST] several
 # times but not recently.
 #
@@ -888,11 +884,11 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # The dates of DST probably go back to 1981.  The rules are the same as
 # US's.  This is going to be a headache for US presidential electi[o]n years!
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988)
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13)
 # Since the 1981 starting date is only "probable," we'll keep the 1987
 # starting date below.
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N   7 H  BEHIND UTC    BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR AND
 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N                      N. PACIFIC COAST (STATES
 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N                      OF SINALOA AND SONORA)
@@ -910,7 +906,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # MEXICO                                 CAMPECHE, QUINTANA ROO AND
 # MEXICO                                 YUCATAN
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 # April 3 fell on a Sunday in 1988; October 29 fell on a Sunday in 1989.  Ahem.
 # USNO claims there should be four Mexican zones rather than three:
 # a zone that's GMT-8 with DST; a zone that's always GMT-7;
@@ -1086,12 +1082,12 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 
 # Cuba
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # . . .DST is from 2nd Sunday in May to 2nd Sunday in October since 1981.
 # Change at midnight.  In 1979 & 1980, started at 3rd Sunday in March
 # (I think).
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # CUBA                5 H  BEHIND UTC
 # CUBA                4 H  BEHIND UTC    MAR 20 - OCT 8
 
@@ -1158,7 +1154,7 @@ Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
 
 # Grenada
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# St George's
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Guadeloupe
@@ -1196,10 +1192,10 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 
 # Jamaica
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Follows US rules.
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # JAMAICA             5 H  BEHIND UTC
 
 # From Shanks (1991):
@@ -1263,7 +1259,7 @@ Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890		# Castries
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
-			-3:00	Mont	SP%sT
+			-3:00	Mont	PM%sT	# Pierre & Miquelon Time
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/pacificnew b/share/zoneinfo/pacificnew
index 0cabd5a7e863..883ccdca6978 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/pacificnew
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/pacificnew
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-# @(#)pacificnew	7.8
+# @(#)pacificnew	7.9
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (April 5, 1989):
-# On April 5, 1989, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-04-05):
+# On 1989-04-05, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
 # establishing "Pacific Presidential Election Time"; it was not acted on
 # by the Senate or signed into law by the President.
 # You might want to change the "PE" (Presidential Election) below to
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/southamerica b/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
index c3c5c99fbe49..cd8c84ec6fed 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
@@ -1,33 +1,35 @@
-# @(#)southamerica	7.12
+# @(#)southamerica	7.14
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
 # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
 #
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
-# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# Some of these are just plausible excuses for common English abbreviations.
+# The following abbreviations are used in this file.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #		LMT		Local Mean Time
 #	-2:00	FST	FDT	Fernando de Noronha
-#	-3:00	EST	EDT	Eastern South America (conflicts with -5:00)
-#	-3:00	ARST	ARDT	Argentina
-#	-4:00	AST	ADT	Andes*, Antilles*, Asuncion*, Atlantic
-#	-4:00	CST	CDT	Chile (conflicts with -6:00)
+#	-3:00	EST	EDT	Eastern Brazil
 #	-4:00	WST	WDT	Western Brazil
-#	-5:00	AST	ADT	Acre (conflicts with -4:00)
-#	-5:00	EST	EDT	Eastern, Ecuador*
-#	-6:00	CST	CDT	Archipelago of Columbus*, Central
-#	-7:00	MST	MDT	Mataveri*, Mountain
+#	-4:00	AST	ADT	Atlantic
+#	-5:00	AST	ADT	Acre
 #
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
+# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
+# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
+# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
+#	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
+#	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
+#	in Europe and South America.
+#	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+#	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
+
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987).  Countries not
@@ -43,98 +45,98 @@
 
 # Argentina
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
 # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 19889):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
 # ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
 
-# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (June 26, 1995):
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
 # I am sending modifications to the Argentinian time zone table...
 # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1986	only	-	Mar	14	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1986	1987	-	Oct	25	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Arg	1987	only	-	Feb	13	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1986	only	-	Mar	14	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1986	1987	-	Oct	25	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1987	only	-	Feb	13	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
-# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (June 26, 1995):
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
 # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
 # obtaining the data from the:
 # Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
 # (Argentinian Naval Hydrography Institute)
 #
 # Shanks gives 1989 Mar 16 and stops after 1990 Mar 4; go with Otero.
-Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 #
-# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (June 26, 1995):
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
 # From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
 # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
 # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 -	LMT	1894 Nov
-			-4:17	-	CMT	1920 May    # Cordoba Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	AST	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	A%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May    # Cordoba Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 
 # Aruba
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Oranjestad
-			-4:30	-	NAST	1965	# Netherlands Antilles
+			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Bolivia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:33	-	LPMT	1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time
-			-4:33	1:00	LPDT	1932 Mar 21
-			-4:00	-	AST
+			-4:32:36 -	LPMT	1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time
+			-4:32:36 1:00	BOST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
+			-4:00	-	BOT	# Bolivia Time
 
 # Brazil
 
 # From Guy Harris:
-# The OAG lists October 25, 1987 and February 12, 1988 as the starting and
+# The OAG lists 1987-10-25 and 1988-02-12 as the starting and
 # ending dates, giving them as "estimated date(s) based on previous year".  We
 # infer a rule here from one example, always a dangerous practice....  Yes,
 # they really do switch on Saturday, according to the OAG.
 # "[America/Porto_Acre]" is for the Territory of Acre;
 # "[America/Noronha]" is for Fernando De Noronha.
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # The only information I found is that there was no DST up to 1985.
 # But there was some before 1952!
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 16, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-16):
 # BRAZIL     WEST     5 H  BEHIND UTC    TERRITORY OF ACRE
 # BRAZIL     WEST     4 H  BEHIND UTC    ACRE OCT 23, '88-FEB 11,
 # BRAZIL                                 '89 (ESTIMATED)
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # BRAZIL                                 (ESTIMATED)
 # BRAZIL              3 H  BEHIND UTC    FOR MOST MAJOR AIRPORTS.
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
 # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
 # The rule change lasted only part of the day;
@@ -164,26 +166,26 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # about time zone changes after 1990 Feb 11.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1	D
-Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 0:00	0	S
 Rule	Brazil	1951	1953	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1	D
-Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sat<=28	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sat<=28	 0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	S
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	S
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	22	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1988	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1988	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	 0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Brazil	1990	max	-	Feb	Sun>=8	 0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
@@ -209,21 +211,21 @@ Zone America/Porto_Acre	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	2	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Chile	1969	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Chile	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	2	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1969	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:40 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:43	-	SMT	1910	    # Santiago Mean Time
-			-5:00	Chile	C%sT	1932 Sep
-			-4:00	Chile	C%sT
+			-4:42:40 -	SMT	1910	    # Santiago Mean Time
+			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1932 Sep    # Chile Time
+			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890	    # Mataveri
-			-7:17	-	MMT	1932 Sep    # Mataveri Mean Time
-			-7:00	Chile	M%sT	1982 Mar 14
-			-6:00	Chile	C%sT
+			-7:17:28 -	MMT	1932 Sep    # Mataveri Mean Time
+			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 # Easter I Time
+			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
 #
 # Whitman says Juan Fernandez Is are like America/Santiago.
 # San Ambrosio, San Felix
@@ -233,103 +235,104 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890	    # Mataveri
 # Colombia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
-			-4:56	-	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST
+			-4:56:20 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	COT	# Colombia Time
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
 # Curacao
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:44 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
-			-4:30	-	NAST	1965	# Netherlands Antilles
+			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Ecuador
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:14	-	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST
+			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	ECT	     # Ecuador Time
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
-			-5:00	-	EST	1986
-			-6:00	-	CST
+			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
+			-6:00	-	GALT	     # Galapagos Time
 
 # Falklands
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Falk	1985	max	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Falk	1986	max	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Falk	1985	max	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Falk	1986	max	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
-			-3:51	-	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
-			-4:00	Falk	A%sT	1983 May
-			-3:00	Falk	E%sT	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	A%sT
+			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
+			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
+			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
+			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT
 
 # French Guiana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
-			-4:00	-	AST	1967 Oct
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-4:00	-	GFT	1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
+			-3:00	-	GFT
 
 # Guyana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
-			-3:45	-	BGST	1975 Jul 31  # British Guiana ST
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
+			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
+			-3:00	-	GYT
 
 
 # Paraguay
 
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Paraguay: First day in October to last in March.  Midnight switch??
 # Since 1980.
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # PARAGUAY            4 H  BEHIND UTC
 # PARAGUAY            3 H  BEHIND UTC    OCT 1, '88-MAR 31, '89
 
 # From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Shanks says 1979 was all DST.
-Rule	Para	1980	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Para	1980	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Para	1990	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Para	1980	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	1980	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	1990	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
-			-3:51	-	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	AST	1972 Oct
-			-3:00	-	EST	1974 Apr
-			-4:00	Para	A%sT
+			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
+			-4:00	Para	PY%sT
 
 # Peru
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:09	-	LMT	1908 Jul 28
-			-5:00	Peru	E%sT
+			-5:09	-	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time
+			-5:00	Peru	PE%sT	# Peru Time
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
-			-2:00	-	FST
+			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
 # uninhabited
@@ -339,8 +342,9 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
 			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct # The capital moved?
-			-3:30	-	DGST	1984 Oct # Dutch Guiana Std Time
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
+			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct # Suriname Time
+			-3:00	-	SRT
 
 # Trinidad and Tobago
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -348,60 +352,60 @@ Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Uruguay
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
 # From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	Uruguay	1933	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Uruguay	1933	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Shanks gives 1935 Apr 1 0:00 and 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Uruguay	1934	1936	-	Mar	Sat>=25	23:30s	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1936	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1934	1936	-	Mar	Sat>=25	23:30s	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1936	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
 # and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1965	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1966	1967	-	Oct	31	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	Dec	 2	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	24	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Aug	15	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Uruguay	1990	only	-	Mar	 4	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1965	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1966	1967	-	Oct	31	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	Dec	 2	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	24	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Aug	15	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1990	only	-	Mar	 4	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
-			-3:45	-	MMT	1920 May  1	# Montevideo MT
-			-3:30	Uruguay	U%sT	1942 Dec 14	# Uruguay ST
-			-3:00	Uruguay	E%sT
+			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1	# Montevideo MT
+			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14	# Uruguay Time
+			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT
 
 # Venezuela
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:28	-	CMT	1912 Feb 12  # Caracas Mean Time
-			-4:30	-	VZT	1965		# Venezuela Time
-			-4:00	-	AST
+			-4:27:44 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12  # Caracas Mean Time
+			-4:30	-	VET	1965	     # Venezuela Time
+			-4:00	-	VET
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab b/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fef6a7244fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+# TZ zone descriptions
+#
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-08-05):
+#
+# This file contains a table with the following columns:
+# 1.  ISO 3166 2-character country code.  See the file `iso3166.tab'.
+# 2.  Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
+#     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
+#     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
+#     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
+# 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
+# 4.  Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
+#     
+# Columns are separated by a single tab.
+# The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
+# (1) makes some geographical sense, and
+# (2) puts the most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
+#
+# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
+#
+#country-
+#code	coordinates	TZ			comments
+AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
+AE	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
+AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
+AG	+1703-06148	America/Antigua
+AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
+AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
+AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
+AN	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
+AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
+AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo Station, Ross Island
+AQ	-9000+00000	Antarctica/South_Pole	Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
+AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
+AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
+AR	-3436-05827	America/Buenos_Aires
+AS	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago
+AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
+AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
+AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania
+AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
+AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
+AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Broken Hill
+AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland
+AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
+AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
+AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia
+AW	+1230-06858	America/Aruba
+AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
+BA	+4352+01825	Europe/Sarajevo
+BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
+BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dacca
+BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
+BF	+1222-00131	Africa/Ouagadougou
+BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
+BH	+2623+05035	Asia/Bahrain
+BI	-0323+02922	Africa/Bujumbura
+BJ	+0629+00237	Africa/Porto-Novo
+BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
+BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
+BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
+BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
+BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	east Brazil
+BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	west Brazil
+BR	-0934-06731	America/Porto_Acre	Acre
+BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
+BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimbu
+BW	-2545+02555	Africa/Gaborone
+BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
+BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
+CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Island
+CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most locations), New Brunswick, Labrador & PEI
+CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Atlantic Time - Northwest Territories
+CA	+4531-07334	America/Montreal	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
+CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
+CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - Northwest Territories
+CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
+CA	+4843-09429	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
+CA	+6245-09210	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - Northwest Territories
+CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
+CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
+CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
+CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
+CA	+6825-11330	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
+CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
+CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
+CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
+CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
+CF	+0422+01835	Africa/Bangui
+CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
+CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
+CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
+CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	mainland
+CL	-2710-10927	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
+CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
+CN	+4545+12641	Asia/Harbin	north Manchuria
+CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	China coast
+CN	+2934+10635	Asia/Chungking	China mountains
+CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Tibet & Xinjiang
+CN	+3929+07559	Asia/Kashgar	Eastern Turkestan
+CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
+CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
+CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
+CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
+CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
+CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
+CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin
+DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
+DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
+DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
+DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
+DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
+EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
+EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galapagos Islands
+EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
+EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
+EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
+ER	+1520+03853	Africa/Asmera
+ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
+ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
+ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
+ET	+0902+03842	Africa/Addis_Ababa
+FI	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
+FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
+FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
+FM	+0931+13808	Pacific/Yap	Yap
+FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Truk	Truk (Chuuk)
+FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Ponape	Ponape (Pohnpei)
+FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
+FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faeroe
+FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
+GA	+0023+00927	Africa/Libreville
+GB	+512830-0001845	Europe/London	Great Britain
+GB	+5435-00555	Europe/Belfast	Northern Ireland
+GD	+1203-06145	America/Grenada
+GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
+GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
+GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
+GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
+GL	+7030-02215	America/Scoresbysund	east Greenland
+GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	southwest Greenland
+GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	northwest Greenland
+GM	+1328-01639	Africa/Banjul
+GN	+0931-01343	Africa/Conakry
+GP	+1614-06132	America/Guadeloupe
+GQ	+0345+00847	Africa/Malabo
+GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
+GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
+GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
+GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
+GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
+GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
+HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
+HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
+HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
+HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
+HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
+ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Ujung_Pandang	Borneo & Celebes
+ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	Irian Jaya & the Moluccas
+IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
+IL	+3146+03514	Asia/Jerusalem	most locations
+IL	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
+IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Calcutta
+IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
+IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
+IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
+IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
+IT	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
+JM	+1800-07648	America/Jamaica
+JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
+JP	+3542+13946	Asia/Tokyo	most locations
+JP	+2420+12409	Asia/Ishigaki	south Ryukyu Islands
+KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
+KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
+KH	+1133+10455	Asia/Phnom_Penh
+KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
+KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
+KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
+KM	-1141+04316	Indian/Comoro
+KN	+1718-06243	America/St_Kitts
+KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
+KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
+KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
+KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
+KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Alma-Ata	east Kazakhstan
+KZ	+5016+07302	Asia/Aktau	west Kazakhstan
+LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
+LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
+LC	+1401-06100	America/St_Lucia
+LI	+4709+00931	Europe/Vaduz
+LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
+LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
+LS	-2928+02730	Africa/Maseru
+LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
+LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
+LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
+LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
+MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
+MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
+MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
+MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
+MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
+MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
+MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
+ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako	southwest Mali
+ML	+1446-00301	Africa/Timbuktu	northeast Mali
+MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulan_Bator
+MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macao
+MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
+MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
+MR	+1806-01557	Africa/Nouakchott
+MS	+1642-06213	America/Montserrat
+MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
+MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
+MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
+MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time
+MX	+3152-11637	America/Ensenada	Pacific Time - most locations
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time - north Baja California
+MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
+MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
+MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
+NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
+NC	-2216+16530	Pacific/Noumea
+NE	+1331+00207	Africa/Niamey
+NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
+NG	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos
+NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
+NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
+NO	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
+NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Katmandu
+NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
+NU	-1901+16955	Pacific/Niue
+NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	most locations
+NZ	-4355+17630	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Island
+OM	+2336+05835	Asia/Muscat
+PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
+PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
+PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
+PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
+PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
+PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby
+PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
+PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
+PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
+PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
+PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
+PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
+PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
+PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
+PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
+PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
+PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
+QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
+RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
+RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
+RU	+5545+03735	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Kuybyshev	Moscow+01 - Caspian Sea
+RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
+RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
+RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
+RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Irkutsk
+RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
+RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Vladivostok
+RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 - Magadan & Sakhalin
+RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+09 - Kamchatka
+RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+10 - Bering Sea
+RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
+SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
+SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
+SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
+SD	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
+SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
+SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
+SH	-1555-00542	Atlantic/St_Helena
+SI	+4603+01431	Europe/Ljubljana
+SJ	+7800+01600	Arctic/Longyearbyen	Svalbard
+SJ	+7059-00805	Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	Jan Mayen
+SK	+4809+01707	Europe/Bratislava
+SL	+0830-01315	Africa/Freetown
+SM	+4355+01228	Europe/San_Marino
+SN	+1440-01726	Africa/Dakar
+SO	+0204+04522	Africa/Mogadishu
+SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
+ST	+0020+00644	Africa/Sao_Tome
+SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
+SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
+SZ	-2618+03106	Africa/Mbabane
+TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
+TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
+TG	+0608+00113	Africa/Lome
+TH	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok
+TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
+TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
+TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashkhabad
+TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
+TO	-2110+17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
+TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
+TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
+TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
+TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
+TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
+UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
+UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Crimea
+UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
+UM	+1700-16830	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
+UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
+UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
+US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
+US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
+US	+381515-0854534	America/Louisville	Eastern Time - Louisville, Kentucky
+US	+394606-0860929	America/Indianapolis	Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - most locations
+US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - Crawford County
+US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - Starke County
+US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
+US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
+US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Wisconsin border
+US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
+US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
+US	+364708-1084111	America/Shiprock	Mountain Time - Navajo
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona
+US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
+US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
+US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
+US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
+US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
+US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
+UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
+UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent
+VA	+4154+01227	Europe/Vatican
+VC	+1309-06114	America/St_Vincent
+VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
+VG	+1827-06437	America/Tortola
+VI	+1821-06456	America/St_Thomas
+VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Saigon
+VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
+WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
+WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
+YE	+1245+04512	Asia/Aden
+YT	-1247+04514	Indian/Mayotte
+YU	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
+ZA	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
+ZM	-1525+02817	Africa/Lusaka
+ZR	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	west Zaire
+ZR	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	east Zaire
+ZW	-1750+03103	Africa/Harare