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-.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1995 The Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
-.\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
-.\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
-.\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
-.\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
-.\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
-.\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
-.\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
-.\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
-.\" specific prior written permission.
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
-.\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)resolver.3 6.5 (Berkeley) 6/23/90
-.\" $Id: resolver.3,v 8.4 1996/05/09 05:59:10 vixie Exp $
-.\"
-.TH RESOLVER @LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U@ "December 11, 1995
-.UC 4
-.SH NAME
-res_query, res_search, res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand \- resolver routines
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <sys/types.h>
-.br
-.B #include <netinet/in.h>
-.br
-.B #include <arpa/nameser.h>
-.br
-.B #include <resolv.h>
-.PP
-.B "res_query(dname, class, type, answer, anslen)"
-.br
-.B const char *dname;
-.br
-.B int class, type;
-.br
-.B u_char *answer;
-.br
-.B int anslen;
-.PP
-.B "res_search(dname, class, type, answer, anslen)"
-.br
-.B const char *dname;
-.br
-.B int class, type;
-.br
-.B u_char *answer;
-.br
-.B int anslen;
-.PP
-.B "res_mkquery(op, dname, class, type, data, datalen, newrr, buf, buflen)"
-.br
-.B int op;
-.br
-.B const char *dname;
-.br
-.B int class, type;
-.br
-.B const char *data;
-.br
-.B int datalen;
-.br
-.B struct rrec *newrr;
-.br
-.B u_char *buf;
-.br
-.B int buflen;
-.PP
-.B res_send(msg, msglen, answer, anslen)
-.br
-.B const u_char *msg;
-.br
-.B int msglen;
-.br
-.B u_char *answer;
-.br
-.B int anslen;
-.PP
-.B res_init()
-.PP
-.B dn_comp(exp_dn, comp_dn, length, dnptrs, lastdnptr)
-.br
-.B const char *exp_dn;
-.br
-.B u_char *comp_dn;
-.br
-.B int length;
-.br
-.B u_char **dnptrs, **lastdnptr;
-.PP
-.B dn_expand(msg, eomorig, comp_dn, exp_dn, length)
-.br
-.B const u_char *msg, *eomorig, *comp_dn;
-.br
-.B char *exp_dn;
-.br
-.B int length;
-.PP
-.B herror(const char *s)
-.PP
-.B hstrerror(int err)
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-These routines are used for making, sending and interpreting
-query and reply messages with Internet domain name servers.
-.PP
-Global configuration and state information that is used by the
-resolver routines is kept in the structure
-.IR _res .
-Most of the values have reasonable defaults and can be ignored.
-Options
-stored in
-.I _res.options
-are defined in
-.I resolv.h
-and are as follows.
-Options are stored as a simple bit mask containing the bitwise ``or''
-of the options enabled.
-.IP RES_INIT
-True if the initial name server address and default domain name are
-initialized (i.e.,
-.I res_init
-has been called).
-.IP RES_DEBUG
-Print debugging messages.
-.IP RES_AAONLY
-Accept authoritative answers only.
-With this option,
-.I res_send
-should continue until it finds an authoritative answer or finds an error.
-Currently this is not implemented.
-.IP RES_USEVC
-Use TCP connections for queries instead of UDP datagrams.
-.IP RES_STAYOPEN
-Used with RES_USEVC to keep the TCP connection open between
-queries.
-This is useful only in programs that regularly do many queries.
-UDP should be the normal mode used.
-.IP RES_IGNTC
-Unused currently (ignore truncation errors, i.e., don't retry with TCP).
-.IP RES_RECURSE
-Set the recursion-desired bit in queries.
-This is the default.
-(\c
-.I res_send
-does not do iterative queries and expects the name server
-to handle recursion.)
-.IP RES_DEFNAMES
-If set,
-.I res_search
-will append the default domain name to single-component names
-(those that do not contain a dot).
-This option is enabled by default.
-.IP RES_DNSRCH
-If this option is set,
-.I res_search
-will search for host names in the current domain and in parent domains; see
-.IR hostname (@DESC_EXT@).
-This is used by the standard host lookup routine
-.IR gethostbyname (@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@).
-This option is enabled by default.
-.IP RES_NOALIASES
-This option turns off the user level aliasing feature controlled by
-the HOSTALIASES environment variable. Network daemons should set this option.
-.PP
-The
-.I res_init
-routine
-reads the configuration file (if any; see
-.IR resolver (@FORMAT_EXT@))
-to get the default domain name,
-search list and
-the Internet address of the local name server(s).
-If no server is configured, the host running
-the resolver is tried.
-The current domain name is defined by the hostname
-if not specified in the configuration file;
-it can be overridden by the environment variable LOCALDOMAIN.
-This environment variable may contain several blank-separated
-tokens if you wish to override the
-.I "search list"
-on a per-process basis. This is similar to the
-.I search
-command in the configuration file.
-Another environment variable (``RES_OPTIONS'') can be set to
-override certain internal resolver options which are otherwise
-set by changing fields in the
-.I _res
-structure or are inherited from the configuration file's
-.I options
-command. The syntax of the ``RES_OPTIONS'' environment variable
-is explained in
-.IR resolver (@FORMAT_EXT@).
-Initialization normally occurs on the first call
-to one of the other resolver routines.
-.PP
-The
-.I res_query
-function provides an interface to the server query mechanism.
-It constructs a query, sends it to the local server,
-awaits a response, and makes preliminary checks on the reply.
-The query requests information of the specified
-.I type
-and
-.I class
-for the specified fully-qualified domain name
-.I dname .
-The reply message is left in the
-.I answer
-buffer with length
-.I anslen
-supplied by the caller.
-.PP
-The
-.I res_search
-routine makes a query and awaits a response like
-.IR res_query ,
-but in addition, it implements the default and search rules
-controlled by the RES_DEFNAMES and RES_DNSRCH options.
-It returns the first successful reply.
-.PP
-The remaining routines are lower-level routines used by
-.IR res_query .
-The
-.I res_mkquery
-function
-constructs a standard query message and places it in
-.IR buf .
-It returns the size of the query, or \-1 if the query is
-larger than
-.IR buflen .
-The query type
-.I op
-is usually QUERY, but can be any of the query types defined in
-.IR <arpa/nameser.h> .
-The domain name for the query is given by
-.IR dname .
-.I Newrr
-is currently unused but is intended for making update messages.
-.PP
-The
-.I res_send
-routine
-sends a pre-formatted query and returns an answer.
-It will call
-.I res_init
-if RES_INIT is not set, send the query to the local name server, and
-handle timeouts and retries.
-The length of the reply message is returned, or
-\-1 if there were errors.
-.PP
-The
-.I dn_comp
-function
-compresses the domain name
-.I exp_dn
-and stores it in
-.IR comp_dn .
-The size of the compressed name is returned or \-1 if there were errors.
-The size of the array pointed to by
-.I comp_dn
-is given by
-.IR length .
-The compression uses
-an array of pointers
-.I dnptrs
-to previously-compressed names in the current message.
-The first pointer points to
-to the beginning of the message and the list ends with NULL.
-The limit to the array is specified by
-.IR lastdnptr .
-A side effect of
-.I dn_comp
-is to update the list of pointers for
-labels inserted into the message
-as the name is compressed.
-If
-.I dnptr
-is NULL, names are not compressed.
-If
-.I lastdnptr
-is NULL, the list of labels is not updated.
-.PP
-The
-.I dn_expand
-entry
-expands the compressed domain name
-.I comp_dn
-to a full domain name
-The compressed name is contained in a query or reply message;
-.I msg
-is a pointer to the beginning of the message.
-The uncompressed name is placed in the buffer indicated by
-.I exp_dn
-which is of size
-.IR length .
-The size of compressed name is returned or \-1 if there was an error.
-.PP
-The external variable
-.B h_errno
-is set whenever an error occurs during resolver operation. The following
-definitions are given in
-.BR <netdb.h> :
-.PP
-.nf
-#define NETDB_INTERNAL -1 /* see errno */
-#define NETDB_SUCCESS 0 /* no problem */
-#define HOST_NOT_FOUND 1 /* Authoritative Answer Host not found */
-#define TRY_AGAIN 2 /* Non-Authoritive not found, or SERVFAIL */
-#define NO_RECOVERY 3 /* Nonrecoverable: FORMERR, REFUSED, NOTIMP */
-#define NO_DATA 4 /* Valid name, no data for requested type */
-.ft R
-.ad
-.fi
-.PP
-The
-.B herror
-function writes a message to the diagnostic output consisting of the string
-parameter
-.BR s ,
-the constant string ": ", and a message corresponding to the value of
-.BR h_errno .
-.PP
-The
-.B hstrerror
-function returns a string which is the message text corresponding to the
-value of the
-.B err
-parameter.
-.SH FILES
-/etc/resolv.conf see resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@)
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-gethostbyname(@LIB_NETWORK_EXT@), @INDOT@named(@SYS_OPS_EXT@), resolver(@FORMAT_EXT@), hostname(@DESC_EXT@),
-.br
-RFC1032, RFC1033, RFC1034, RFC1035, RFC974,
-.br
-SMM:11 Name Server Operations Guide for BIND