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Diffstat (limited to 'file.man')
| -rw-r--r-- | file.man | 155 |
1 files changed, 53 insertions, 102 deletions
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -.\" $File: file.man,v 1.66 2007/10/23 19:58:59 christos Exp $ -.Dd January 8, 2007 +.\" $File: file.man,v 1.73 2008/02/19 17:58:00 rrt Exp $ +.Dd February 19, 2008 .Dt FILE __CSECTION__ .Os .Sh NAME @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl bchikLnNprsvz -.Op Fl mime-type -.Op Fl mime-encoding +.Op Fl -mime-type +.Op Fl -mime-encoding .Op Fl f Ar namefile .Op Fl F Ar separator .Op Fl m Ar magicfiles @@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ .Nm .Fl C .Op Fl m Ar magicfile +.Nm +.Op Fl -help .Sh DESCRIPTION This manual page documents version __VERSION__ of the .Nm @@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ command. .Nm tests each argument in an attempt to classify it. There are three sets of tests, performed in this order: -filesystem tests, magic number tests, and language tests. +filesystem tests, magic tests, and language tests. The .Em first test that succeeds causes the file type to be printed. @@ -49,11 +51,9 @@ meaning anything else (data is usually or non-printable). Exceptions are well-known file formats (core files, tar archives) that are known to contain binary data. -When modifying the file -.Pa __MAGIC__ -or the program itself, make sure to +When modifying magic files or the program itself, make sure to .Em "preserve these keywords" . -People depend on knowing that all the readable files in a directory +Users depend on knowing that all the readable files in a directory have the word .Dq text printed. @@ -61,12 +61,6 @@ Don't do as Berkeley did and change .Dq shell commands text to .Dq shell script . -Note that the file -.Pa __MAGIC__ -is built mechanically from a large number of small files in -the subdirectory -.Pa Magdir -in the source distribution of this program. .Pp The filesystem tests are based on examining the return from a .Xr stat 2 @@ -80,7 +74,7 @@ are intuited if they are defined in the system header file .In sys/stat.h . .Pp -The magic number tests are used to check for files with data in +The magic tests are used to check for files with data in particular fixed formats. The canonical example of this is a binary executable (compiled program) .Dv a.out @@ -97,22 +91,20 @@ near the beginning of the file that tells the .Dv UNIX operating system that the file is a binary executable, and which of several types thereof. The concept of a -.Sq "magic number" +.Sq "magic" has been applied by extension to data files. Any file with some invariant identifier at a small fixed offset into the file can usually be described in this way. The information identifying these files is read from the compiled magic file .Pa __MAGIC__.mgc , -or +or the files in the directory .Pa __MAGIC__ -if the compile file does not exist. In addition -.Nm -will look in -.Pa $HOME/.magic.mgc , +if the compiled file does not exist. In addition, if +.Pa $HOME/.magic.mgc or .Pa $HOME/.magic -for magic entries. +exists, it will be used in preference to the system magic files. .Pp If a file does not match any of the entries in the magic file, it is examined to see if it seems to be a text file. @@ -145,9 +137,9 @@ Once has determined the character set used in a text-type file, it will attempt to determine in what language the file is written. -The language tests look for particular strings (cf +The language tests look for particular strings (cf. .In names.h -that can appear anywhere in the first few blocks of a file. +) that can appear anywhere in the first few blocks of a file. For example, the keyword .Em .br indicates that the file is most likely a @@ -163,7 +155,8 @@ The language test routines also test for some miscellany archives). .Pp Any file that cannot be identified as having been written -in any of the character sets listed above is simply said to be ``data''. +in any of the character sets listed above is simply said to be +.Dq data . .Sh OPTIONS .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl b , -brief @@ -176,7 +169,7 @@ flag to debug a new magic file before installing it. .It Fl C , -compile Write a .Pa magic.mgc -output file that contains a pre-parsed version of the magic file. +output file that contains a pre-parsed version of the magic file or directory. .It Fl e , -exclude Ar testname Exclude the test named in .Ar testname @@ -239,12 +232,18 @@ file. (See .Dq FILES section, below). -.It Fl -mime-type , -mime-encoding +.It Fl -mime-type , -mime-encoding Like .Fl i , but print only the specified element(s). .It Fl k , -keep-going -Don't stop at the first match, keep going. +Don't stop at the first match, keep going. Subsequent matches will be +have the string +.Dq "\[rs]012\- " +prepended. +(If you want a newline, see the +.Dq "\-r" +option.) .It Fl L , -dereference option causes symlinks to be followed, as the like-named option in .Xr ls 1 @@ -253,16 +252,9 @@ This is the default if the environment variable .Dv POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined. .It Fl m , -magic-file Ar list -Specify an alternate list of files containing magic numbers. -This can be a single file, or a colon-separated list of files. -If a compiled magic file is found alongside, it will be used instead. -With the -.Fl i -or -.Fl "mime" -option, the program adds -.Dq .mime -to each file name. +Specify an alternate list of files and directories containing magic. +This can be a single item, or a colon-separated list. +If a compiled magic file is found alongside a file or directory, it will be used instead. .It Fl n , -no-buffer Force stdout to be flushed after checking each file. This is only useful if checking a list of files. @@ -316,38 +308,27 @@ the output. This does not affect the separator which is still printed. Print a help message and exit. .El .Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width __MAGIC__.mime.mgc -compact +.Bl -tag -width __MAGIC__.mgc -compact .It Pa __MAGIC__.mgc -Default compiled list of magic numbers +Default compiled list of magic. .It Pa __MAGIC__ -Default list of magic numbers -.It Pa __MAGIC__.mime.mgc -Default compiled list of magic numbers, used to output mime types when -the -.Fl i -option is specified. -.It Pa __MAGIC__.mime -Default list of magic numbers, used to output mime types when the -.Fl i -option is specified. +Directory containing default magic files. .El .Sh ENVIRONMENT The environment variable .Dv MAGIC -can be used to set the default magic number file name. +can be used to set the default magic file name. If that variable is set, then .Nm will not attempt to open .Pa $HOME/.magic . .Nm adds -.Dq .mime -and/or .Dq .mgc to the value of this variable as appropriate. The environment variable .Dv POSIXLY_CORRECT -controls (on systems that support symbolic links), if +controls (on systems that support symbolic links), whether .Nm will attempt to follow symlinks or not. If set, then .Nm @@ -361,7 +342,8 @@ options. .Xr magic __FSECTION__ , .Xr strings 1 , .Xr od 1 , -.Xr hexdump 1 +.Xr hexdump 1, +.Xr file 1posix .Sh STANDARDS CONFORMANCE This program is believed to exceed the System V Interface Definition of FILE(CMD), as near as one can determine from the vague language @@ -465,7 +447,7 @@ command in every .Dv UNIX since at least Research Version 4 (man page dated November, 1973). The System V version introduced one significant major change: -the external list of magic number types. +the external list of magic types. This slowed the program down slightly but made it a lot more flexible. .Pp This program, based on the System V version, @@ -486,17 +468,23 @@ Christos Zoulas (christos@astron.com). Altered by Chris Lowth, chris@lowth.com, 2000: Handle the .Fl i -option to output mime type strings and using an alternative +option to output mime type strings, using an alternative magic file and internal logic. .Pp Altered by Eric Fischer (enf@pobox.com), July, 2000, to identify character codes and attempt to identify the languages of non-ASCII files. .Pp -The list of contributors to the "Magdir" directory (source for the -.Pa __MAGIC__ -file) is too long to include here. +Altered by Reuben Thomas (rrt@sc3d.org), 2007 to 2008, to improve MIME +support and merge MIME and non-MIME magic, support directories as well +as files of magic, apply many bug fixes and improve the build system. +.Pp +The list of contributors to the +.Dq magic +directory (magic files) +is too long to include here. You know who you are; thank you. +Many contributors are listed in the source files. .Sh LEGAL NOTICE Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, Toronto, Canada, 1986-1999. Covered by the standard Berkeley Software Distribution copyright; see the file @@ -510,17 +498,10 @@ were written by John Gilmore from his public-domain .Xr tar 1 program, and are not covered by the above license. .Sh BUGS +.Pp There must be a better way to automate the construction of the Magic file from all the glop in Magdir. What is it? -.\" Compilation support has been done -.\" Better yet, the magic file should be compiled into binary (say, -.\" .Xr ndbm 3 -.\" or, better yet, fixed-length -.\" .Dv ASCII -.\" strings for use in heterogenous network environments) for faster startup. -.\" Then the program would run as fast as the Version 7 program of the same -.\" name, with the flexibility of the System V version. .Pp .Nm uses several algorithms that favor speed over accuracy, @@ -530,31 +511,6 @@ files. .Pp The support for text files (primarily for programming languages) is simplistic, inefficient and requires recompilation to update. -.\" Else support has been done -.\" There should be an -.\" .Dv else -.\" clause to follow a series of continuation lines. -.\" .Pp -.\" Regular expression support has been done -.\" The magic file and keywords should have regular expression support. -Their use of -.Dv ASCII TAB -as a field delimiter is ugly and makes -it hard to edit the files, but is entrenched. -.Pp -It might be advisable to allow upper-case letters in keywords -for e.g., -.Xr troff 1 -commands vs man page macros. -Regular expression support would make this easy. -.Pp -The program doesn't grok -.Dv FORTRAN . -It should be able to figure -.Dv FORTRAN -by seeing some keywords which -appear indented at the start of line. -Regular expression support would make this easy. .Pp The list of keywords in .Dv ascmagic @@ -563,11 +519,6 @@ This could be done by using some keyword like .Sq * for the offset value. .Pp -.\" Sorting has been done. -.\" Another optimization would be to sort -.\" the magic file so that we can just run down all the -.\" tests for the first byte, first word, first long, etc, once we -.\" have fetched it. Complain about conflicts in the magic file entries. Make a rule that the magic entries sort based on file offset rather than position within the magic file? @@ -587,10 +538,10 @@ versus Still, if the others don't pan out, it should be possible to use the first guess. .Pp -This program is slower than some vendors' file commands. -The new support for multiple character codes makes it even slower. -.Pp This manual page, and particularly this section, is too long. +.Sh RETURN CODE +.Nm +returns 0 on success, and non-zero on error. .Sh AVAILABILITY You can obtain the original author's latest version by anonymous FTP on |