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+//===---- BDCE.cpp - Bit-tracking dead code elimination -------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file implements the Bit-Tracking Dead Code Elimination pass. Some
+// instructions (shifts, some ands, ors, etc.) kill some of their input bits.
+// We track these dead bits and remove instructions that compute only these
+// dead bits.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/BDCE.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/DemandedBits.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/GlobalsModRef.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/InstIterator.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
+#include "llvm/Pass.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
+using namespace llvm;
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "bdce"
+
+STATISTIC(NumRemoved, "Number of instructions removed (unused)");
+STATISTIC(NumSimplified, "Number of instructions trivialized (dead bits)");
+
+/// If an instruction is trivialized (dead), then the chain of users of that
+/// instruction may need to be cleared of assumptions that can no longer be
+/// guaranteed correct.
+static void clearAssumptionsOfUsers(Instruction *I, DemandedBits &DB) {
+ assert(I->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy() &&
+ "Trivializing a non-integer value?");
+
+ // Initialize the worklist with eligible direct users.
+ SmallPtrSet<Instruction *, 16> Visited;
+ SmallVector<Instruction *, 16> WorkList;
+ for (User *JU : I->users()) {
+ // If all bits of a user are demanded, then we know that nothing below that
+ // in the def-use chain needs to be changed.
+ auto *J = dyn_cast<Instruction>(JU);
+ if (J && J->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy() &&
+ !DB.getDemandedBits(J).isAllOnesValue()) {
+ Visited.insert(J);
+ WorkList.push_back(J);
+ }
+
+ // Note that we need to check for non-int types above before asking for
+ // demanded bits. Normally, the only way to reach an instruction with an
+ // non-int type is via an instruction that has side effects (or otherwise
+ // will demand its input bits). However, if we have a readnone function
+ // that returns an unsized type (e.g., void), we must avoid asking for the
+ // demanded bits of the function call's return value. A void-returning
+ // readnone function is always dead (and so we can stop walking the use/def
+ // chain here), but the check is necessary to avoid asserting.
+ }
+
+ // DFS through subsequent users while tracking visits to avoid cycles.
+ while (!WorkList.empty()) {
+ Instruction *J = WorkList.pop_back_val();
+
+ // NSW, NUW, and exact are based on operands that might have changed.
+ J->dropPoisonGeneratingFlags();
+
+ // We do not have to worry about llvm.assume or range metadata:
+ // 1. llvm.assume demands its operand, so trivializing can't change it.
+ // 2. range metadata only applies to memory accesses which demand all bits.
+
+ for (User *KU : J->users()) {
+ // If all bits of a user are demanded, then we know that nothing below
+ // that in the def-use chain needs to be changed.
+ auto *K = dyn_cast<Instruction>(KU);
+ if (K && Visited.insert(K).second && K->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy() &&
+ !DB.getDemandedBits(K).isAllOnesValue())
+ WorkList.push_back(K);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+static bool bitTrackingDCE(Function &F, DemandedBits &DB) {
+ SmallVector<Instruction*, 128> Worklist;
+ bool Changed = false;
+ for (Instruction &I : instructions(F)) {
+ // If the instruction has side effects and no non-dbg uses,
+ // skip it. This way we avoid computing known bits on an instruction
+ // that will not help us.
+ if (I.mayHaveSideEffects() && I.use_empty())
+ continue;
+
+ // Remove instructions that are dead, either because they were not reached
+ // during analysis or have no demanded bits.
+ if (DB.isInstructionDead(&I) ||
+ (I.getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy() &&
+ DB.getDemandedBits(&I).isNullValue() &&
+ wouldInstructionBeTriviallyDead(&I))) {
+ salvageDebugInfo(I);
+ Worklist.push_back(&I);
+ I.dropAllReferences();
+ Changed = true;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ for (Use &U : I.operands()) {
+ // DemandedBits only detects dead integer uses.
+ if (!U->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
+ continue;
+
+ if (!isa<Instruction>(U) && !isa<Argument>(U))
+ continue;
+
+ if (!DB.isUseDead(&U))
+ continue;
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "BDCE: Trivializing: " << U << " (all bits dead)\n");
+
+ clearAssumptionsOfUsers(&I, DB);
+
+ // FIXME: In theory we could substitute undef here instead of zero.
+ // This should be reconsidered once we settle on the semantics of
+ // undef, poison, etc.
+ U.set(ConstantInt::get(U->getType(), 0));
+ ++NumSimplified;
+ Changed = true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (Instruction *&I : Worklist) {
+ ++NumRemoved;
+ I->eraseFromParent();
+ }
+
+ return Changed;
+}
+
+PreservedAnalyses BDCEPass::run(Function &F, FunctionAnalysisManager &AM) {
+ auto &DB = AM.getResult<DemandedBitsAnalysis>(F);
+ if (!bitTrackingDCE(F, DB))
+ return PreservedAnalyses::all();
+
+ PreservedAnalyses PA;
+ PA.preserveSet<CFGAnalyses>();
+ PA.preserve<GlobalsAA>();
+ return PA;
+}
+
+namespace {
+struct BDCELegacyPass : public FunctionPass {
+ static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
+ BDCELegacyPass() : FunctionPass(ID) {
+ initializeBDCELegacyPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
+ }
+
+ bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override {
+ if (skipFunction(F))
+ return false;
+ auto &DB = getAnalysis<DemandedBitsWrapperPass>().getDemandedBits();
+ return bitTrackingDCE(F, DB);
+ }
+
+ void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
+ AU.setPreservesCFG();
+ AU.addRequired<DemandedBitsWrapperPass>();
+ AU.addPreserved<GlobalsAAWrapperPass>();
+ }
+};
+}
+
+char BDCELegacyPass::ID = 0;
+INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(BDCELegacyPass, "bdce",
+ "Bit-Tracking Dead Code Elimination", false, false)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(DemandedBitsWrapperPass)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_END(BDCELegacyPass, "bdce",
+ "Bit-Tracking Dead Code Elimination", false, false)
+
+FunctionPass *llvm::createBitTrackingDCEPass() { return new BDCELegacyPass(); }