vendor/tzdata/tzdata2017b

18 files changed, 1052 insertions, 845 deletions

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 1b714a8dfafd..8067ba087b43 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ MANDIR=		$(TOPDIR)/man
 
 LIBDIR=		$(TOPDIR)/lib
 
-# If you always want time values interpreted as "seconds since the epoch
-# (not counting leap seconds)", use
+# If you want only POSIX time, with time values interpreted as
+# seconds since the epoch (not counting leap seconds), use
 #	REDO=		posix_only
-# below.  If you always want right time values interpreted as "seconds since
-# the epoch" (counting leap seconds)", use
+# below.  If you want want only "right" time, with values interpreted
+# as seconds since the epoch (counting leap seconds), use
 #	REDO=		right_only
 # below.  If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds not
 # counted normally, use
@@ -85,7 +85,10 @@ LIBDIR=		$(TOPDIR)/lib
 # normally, use
 #	REDO=		right_posix
 # below.  POSIX mandates that leap seconds not be counted; for compatibility
-# with it, use "posix_only" or "posix_right".
+# with it, use "posix_only" or "posix_right".  Use POSIX time on systems with
+# leap smearing; this can work better than unsmeared "right" time with
+# applications that are not leap second aware, and is closer to unsmeared
+# "right" time than unsmeared POSIX time is (e.g., 0.5 vs 1.0 s max error).
 
 REDO=		posix_right
 
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS = -Dlint -g3 -O3 -fno-common -fstrict-aliasing \
 	-Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wsuggest-attribute=const \
 	-Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn \
 	-Wsuggest-attribute=pure -Wtrampolines \
-	-Wunused -Wwrite-strings \
+	-Wundef -Wunused -Wwrite-strings \
 	-Wno-address -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-sign-compare \
 	-Wno-type-limits -Wno-unused-parameter
 #
diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index a3d158306713..f986cf6f0f67 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -1,5 +1,129 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2017b - 2017-03-17 07:30:38 -0700
+
+  Briefly: Haiti has resumed DST.
+
+  Changes to past and future time stamps
+
+    Haiti resumed observance of DST in 2017.  (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
+
+  Changes to past time stamps
+
+    Liberia changed from -004430 to +00 on 1972-01-07, not 1972-05-01.
+
+    Use "MMT" to abbreviate Liberia's time zone before 1972, as "-004430"
+    is one byte over the POSIX limit.  (Problem reported by Derick Rethans.)
+
+
+Release 2017a - 2017-02-28 00:05:36 -0800
+
+  Briefly: Southern Chile moves from -04/-03 to -03, and Mongolia
+  discontinues DST.
+
+  Changes to future time stamps
+
+    Mongolia no longer observes DST.  (Thanks to Ganbold Tsagaankhuu.)
+
+    Chile's Region of Magallanes moves from -04/-03 to -03 year-round.
+    Its clocks diverge from America/Santiago starting 2017-05-13 at
+    23:00, hiving off a new zone America/Punta_Arenas.  Although the
+    Chilean government says this change expires in May 2019, for now
+    assume it's permanent.  (Thanks to Juan Correa and Deborah
+    Goldsmith.)  This also affects Antarctica/Palmer.
+
+  Changes to past time stamps
+
+    Fix many entries for historical time stamps for Europe/Madrid
+    before 1979, to agree with tables compiled by Pere Planesas of the
+    National Astronomical Observatory of Spain.  As a side effect,
+    this changes some time stamps for Africa/Ceuta before 1929, which
+    are probably guesswork anyway.  (Thanks to Steve Allen and
+    Pierpaolo Bernardi for the heads-ups, and to Michael Deckers for
+    correcting the 1901 transition.)
+
+    Ecuador observed DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05.
+    (Thanks to Alois Treindl.)
+
+    Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Oral were at +03 (not +04) before 1930-06-21.
+    (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.)
+
+  Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations
+
+    Switch to numeric time zone abbreviations for South America, as
+    part of the ongoing project of removing invented abbreviations.
+    This avoids the need to invent an abbreviation for the new Chilean
+    new zone.  Similarly, switch from invented to numeric time zone
+    abbreviations for Afghanistan, American Samoa, the Azores,
+    Bangladesh, Bhutan, the British Indian Ocean Territory, Brunei,
+    Cape Verde, Chatham Is, Christmas I, Cocos (Keeling) Is, Cook Is,
+    Dubai, East Timor, Eucla, Fiji, French Polynesia, Greenland,
+    Indochina, Iran, Iraq, Kiribati, Lord Howe, Macquarie, Malaysia,
+    the Maldives, Marshall Is, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia,
+    Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk I, Palau,
+    Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Pitcairn, Qatar, Réunion, St
+    Pierre & Miquelon, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore,
+    Solomon Is, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wake, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna, and
+    Xinjiang; for 20-minute daylight saving time in Ghana before 1943;
+    for half-hour daylight saving time in Belize before 1944 and in
+    the Dominican Republic before 1975; and for Canary Islands before
+    1946, for Guinea-Bissau before 1975, for Iceland before 1969, for
+    Indian Summer Time before 1942, for Indonesia before around 1964,
+    for Kenya before 1960, for Liberia before 1973, for Madeira before
+    1967, for Namibia before 1943, for the Netherlands in 1937-9, for
+    Pakistan before 1971, for Western Sahara before 1977, and for
+    Zaporozhye in 1880-1924.
+
+    For Alaska time from 1900 through 1967, instead of "CAT" use the
+    abbreviation "AST", the abbreviation commonly used at the time
+    (Atlantic Standard Time had not been standardized yet).  Use "AWT"
+    and "APT" instead of the invented abbreviations "CAWT" and "CAPT".
+
+    Use "CST" and "CDT" instead of invented abbreviations for Macau
+    before 1999 and Taiwan before 1938, and use "JST" instead of the
+    invented abbreviation "JCST" for Japan and Korea before 1938.
+
+  Change to database entry category
+
+    Move the Pacific/Johnston link from 'australasia' to 'backward',
+    since Johnston is now uninhabited.
+
+  Changes to code
+
+    zic no longer mishandles some transitions in January 2038 when it
+    attempts to work around Qt bug 53071.  This fixes a bug affecting
+    Pacific/Tongatapu that was introduced in zic 2016e.  localtime.c
+    now contains a workaround, useful when loading a file generated by
+    a buggy zic.  (Problem and localtime.c fix reported by Bradley
+    White.)
+
+    zdump -i now outputs non-hour numeric time zone abbreviations
+    without a colon, e.g., "+0530" rather than "+05:30".  This agrees
+    with zic %z and with common practice, and simplifies auditing of
+    zdump output.
+
+    zdump is now buildable again with -DUSE_LTZ=0.
+    (Problem reported by Joseph Myers.)
+
+    zdump.c now always includes private.h, to avoid code duplication
+    with private.h.  (Problem reported by Kees Dekker.)
+
+    localtime.c no longer mishandles early or late timestamps
+    when TZ is set to a POSIX-style string that specifies DST.
+    (Problem reported by Kees Dekker.)
+
+    date and strftime now cause %z to generate "-0000" instead of
+    "+0000" when the UT offset is zero and the time zone abbreviation
+    begins with "-".
+
+  Changes to documentation and commentary
+
+    The 'Theory' file now better documents choice of historical time
+    zone abbreviations.  (Problems reported by Michael Deckers.)
+
+    tz-link.htm now covers leap smearing, which is popular in clouds.
+
+
 Release 2016j - 2016-11-22 23:17:13 -0800
 
   Briefly: Saratov, Russia moves from +03 to +04 on 2016-12-04.
@@ -13,7 +137,7 @@ Release 2016j - 2016-11-22 23:17:13 -0800
   Changes to past time stamps
 
     The new zone Asia/Atyrau for Atyraū Region, Kazakhstan, is like
-    Asia/Aqtau except it switched from +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring
+    Asia/Aqtau except it switched from +05/+06 to +04/+05 in spring
     1999, not fall 1994.  (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.)
 
   Changes to past time zone abbreviations
@@ -911,16 +1035,16 @@ Release 2014i - 2014-10-21 22:04:57 -0700
     been fixed.  (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for reporting most of
     these problems and for suggesting fixes.)
 
-    If USG_COMPAT is defined and the requested time stamp is standard time,
+    If USG_COMPAT is defined and the requested timestamp is standard time,
     the tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set the extern
-    variable timezone to a value appropriate for that time stamp; and
+    variable timezone to a value appropriate for that timestamp; and
     similarly for ALTZONE, daylight saving time, and the altzone variable.
     This change is a companion to the tzname change in 2014h, and is
     designed to make timezone and altzone more compatible with tzname.
 
     The tz library's functions now set errno to EOVERFLOW if they fail
     because the result cannot be represented.  ctime and ctime_r now
-    return NULL and set errno when a time stamp is out of range, rather
+    return NULL and set errno when a timestamp is out of range, rather
     than having undefined behavior.
 
     Some bugs associated with the new 2014g functions have been fixed.
@@ -937,7 +1061,7 @@ Release 2014i - 2014-10-21 22:04:57 -0700
 
 Release 2014h - 2014-09-25 18:59:03 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting past time stamps
+  Changes affecting past timestamps
 
     America/Jamaica's 1974 spring-forward transition was Jan. 6, not Apr. 28.
 
@@ -945,8 +1069,8 @@ Release 2014h - 2014-09-25 18:59:03 -0700
     not 1920-01-06.  The old entry was based on a misinterpretation of Shanks.
 
     Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed
-    from existing zones only for older time stamps.  As usual,
-    these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only.
+    from existing zones only for older timestamps.  As usual,
+    these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only.
     Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file.
     The affected zones are: Africa/Blantyre, Africa/Bujumbura,
     Africa/Gaborone, Africa/Harare, Africa/Kigali, Africa/Lubumbashi,
@@ -958,7 +1082,7 @@ Release 2014h - 2014-09-25 18:59:03 -0700
     not merely on platforms defining TM_GMTOFF.
 
     The tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set tzname to a value
-    appropriate for the requested time stamp, and zdump now uses this
+    appropriate for the requested timestamp, and zdump now uses this
     on platforms not defining TM_ZONE, fixing a 2014g regression.
     (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.)
 
@@ -998,13 +1122,13 @@ Release 2014h - 2014-09-25 18:59:03 -0700
 
 Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting future time stamps
+  Changes affecting future timestamps
 
     Turks & Caicos is switching from US eastern time to UT -04
     year-round, modeled as a switch on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
     [As noted in 2014j, this switch was later delayed.]
 
-  Changes affecting past time stamps
+  Changes affecting past timestamps
 
     Time in Russia or the USSR before 1926 or so has been corrected by
     a few seconds in the following zones: Asia/Irkutsk,
@@ -1014,7 +1138,7 @@ Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700
     Vladimir Karpinsky.)
 
     The Portuguese decree of 1911-05-26 took effect on 1912-01-01.
-    This affects 1911 time stamps in Africa/Bissau, Africa/Luanda,
+    This affects 1911 timestamps in Africa/Bissau, Africa/Luanda,
     Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.  Also, Lisbon's pre-1912
     GMT offset was -0:36:45 (rounded from -0:36:44.68), not -0:36:32.
     (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing to the decree.)
@@ -1022,7 +1146,7 @@ Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700
     Asia/Dhaka ended DST on 2009-12-31 at 24:00, not 23:59.
 
     A new file 'backzone' contains data which may appeal to
-    connoisseurs of old time stamps, although it is out of scope for
+    connoisseurs of old timestamps, although it is out of scope for
     the tz database, is often poorly sourced, and contains some data
     that is known to be incorrect.  The new file is not recommended
     for ordinary use and its entries are not installed by default.
@@ -1030,8 +1154,8 @@ Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700
     Isle of Man entries.)
 
     Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed
-    from existing zones only for older time stamps.  As usual,
-    these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only.
+    from existing zones only for older timestamps.  As usual,
+    these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only.
     Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file.
     The affected zones are: Africa/Bangui, Africa/Brazzaville,
     Africa/Douala, Africa/Kinshasa, Africa/Libreville, Africa/Luanda,
@@ -1082,7 +1206,7 @@ Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700
     but does not cause other problems such as traps.
 
     If TM_GMTOFF is defined and UNINIT_TRAP is 0, mktime is now
-    more likely to guess right for ambiguous time stamps near
+    more likely to guess right for ambiguous timestamps near
     transitions where tm_isdst does not change.
 
     If HAVE_STRFTIME_L is defined to 1, the tz library now defines
@@ -1155,7 +1279,7 @@ Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700
 
 Release 2014f - 2014-08-05 17:42:36 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting future time stamps
+  Changes affecting future timestamps
 
     Russia will subtract an hour from most of its time zones on 2014-10-26
     at 02:00 local time.  (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.)
@@ -1206,20 +1330,20 @@ Release 2014f - 2014-08-05 17:42:36 -0700
     These abbreviations are now used for time in Korea, Taiwan,
     and Sakhalin while controlled by Japan.
 
-  Changes affecting past time stamps
+  Changes affecting past timestamps
 
     China's five zones have been simplified to two, since the post-1970
     differences in the other three seem to have been imaginary.  The
     zones Asia/Harbin, Asia/Chongqing, and Asia/Kashgar have been
     removed; backwards-compatibility links still work, albeit with
-    different behaviors for time stamps before May 1980.  Asia/Urumqi's
+    different behaviors for timestamps before May 1980.  Asia/Urumqi's
     1980 transition to UT +08 has been removed, so that it is now at
     +06 and not +08.  (Thanks to Luther Ma and to Alois Treindl;
     Treindl sent helpful translations of two papers by Guo Qingsheng.)
 
     Some zones have been turned into links, when they differed from existing
     zones only for older UTC offsets where data entries were likely invented.
-    These changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only.  This is
+    These changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only.  This is
     similar to the change in release 2013e, except this time for western
     Africa.  The affected zones are: Africa/Bamako, Africa/Banjul,
     Africa/Conakry, Africa/Dakar, Africa/Freetown, Africa/Lome,
@@ -1364,7 +1488,7 @@ Release 2014f - 2014-08-05 17:42:36 -0700
 
 Release 2014e - 2014-06-12 21:53:52 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting near-future time stamps
+  Changes affecting near-future timestamps
 
     Egypt's 2014 Ramadan-based transitions are June 26 and July 31 at 24:00.
     (Thanks to Imed Chihi.)  Guess that from 2015 on Egypt will temporarily
@@ -1376,7 +1500,7 @@ Release 2014e - 2014-06-12 21:53:52 -0700
     temporarily switch to standard time at 03:00 the last Saturday before
     Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after Ramadan.
 
-  Changes affecting past time stamps
+  Changes affecting past timestamps
 
     The abbreviation "MSM" (Moscow Midsummer Time) is now used instead of
     "MSD" for Moscow's double daylight time in summer 1921.  Also, a typo
@@ -1394,7 +1518,7 @@ Release 2014d - 2014-05-27 21:34:40 -0700
 
   Changes affecting code
 
-    zic no longer generates files containing time stamps before the Big Bang.
+    zic no longer generates files containing timestamps before the Big Bang.
     This works around GNOME bug 730332
     <https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=730332>.
     (Thanks to Leonardo Chiquitto for reporting the bug, and to
@@ -1407,7 +1531,7 @@ Release 2014d - 2014-05-27 21:34:40 -0700
 
 Release 2014c - 2014-05-13 07:44:13 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting near-future time stamps
+  Changes affecting near-future timestamps
 
     Egypt observes DST starting 2014-05-15 at 24:00.
     (Thanks to Ahmad El-Dardiry and Gunther Vermier.)
@@ -1421,7 +1545,7 @@ Release 2014c - 2014-05-13 07:44:13 -0700
   Changes affecting code
 
     zic now generates transitions for minimum time values, eliminating guesswork
-    when handling low-valued time stamps.  (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.)
+    when handling low-valued timestamps.  (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.)
 
     Port to Cygwin sans glibc.  (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.)
 
@@ -1432,7 +1556,7 @@ Release 2014c - 2014-05-13 07:44:13 -0700
 
 Release 2014b - 2014-03-24 21:28:50 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting near-future time stamps
+  Changes affecting near-future timestamps
 
     Crimea switches to Moscow time on 2014-03-30 at 02:00 local time.
     (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.)  Move its zone.tab entry from UA to RU.
@@ -1471,12 +1595,12 @@ Release 2014b - 2014-03-24 21:28:50 -0700
 
 Release 2014a - 2014-03-07 23:30:29 -0800
 
-  Changes affecting near-future time stamps
+  Changes affecting near-future timestamps
 
     Turkey begins DST on 2014-03-31, not 03-30.  (Thanks to Faruk Pasin for
     the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for simplifying the update.)
 
-  Changes affecting past time stamps
+  Changes affecting past timestamps
 
     Fiji ended DST on 2014-01-19 at 02:00, not the previously-scheduled 03:00.
     (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
@@ -1540,13 +1664,13 @@ Release 2014a - 2014-03-07 23:30:29 -0800
 
 Release 2013i - 2013-12-17 07:25:23 -0800
 
-  Changes affecting near-future time stamps:
+  Changes affecting near-future timestamps:
 
     Jordan switches back to standard time at 00:00 on December 20, 2013.
     The 2006-2011 transition schedule is planned to resume in 2014.
     (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
 
-  Changes affecting past time stamps:
+  Changes affecting past timestamps:
 
     In 2004, Cuba began DST on March 28, not April 4.
     (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
@@ -1570,7 +1694,7 @@ Release 2013i - 2013-12-17 07:25:23 -0800
 
 Release 2013h - 2013-10-25 15:32:32 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting current and future time stamps:
+  Changes affecting current and future timestamps:
 
     Libya has switched its UT offset back to +02 without DST, instead
     of +01 with DST.  (Thanks to Even Scharning.)
@@ -1578,7 +1702,7 @@ Release 2013h - 2013-10-25 15:32:32 -0700
     Western Sahara (Africa/El_Aaiun) uses Morocco's DST rules.
     (Thanks to Gwillim Law.)
 
-  Changes affecting future time stamps:
+  Changes affecting future timestamps:
 
     Acre and (we guess) western Amazonas will switch from UT -04 to -05
     on 2013-11-10.  This affects America/Rio_Branco and America/Eirunepe.
@@ -1629,7 +1753,7 @@ Release 2013h - 2013-10-25 15:32:32 -0700
 
 Release 2013g - 2013-09-30 21:08:26 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting current and near-future time stamps
+  Changes affecting current and near-future timestamps
 
     Morocco now observes DST from the last Sunday in March to the last
     Sunday in October, not April to September respectively.  (Thanks
@@ -1662,7 +1786,7 @@ Release 2013g - 2013-09-30 21:08:26 -0700
 
 Release 2013f - 2013-09-24 23:37:36 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting near-future time stamps
+  Changes affecting near-future timestamps
 
     Tocantins will very likely not observe DST starting this spring.
     (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
@@ -1709,7 +1833,7 @@ Release 2013f - 2013-09-24 23:37:36 -0700
 
 Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting near-future time stamps
+  Changes affecting near-future timestamps
 
     This year Fiji will start DST on October 27, not October 20.
     (Thanks to David Wheeler for the heads-up.)  For now, guess that
@@ -1727,13 +1851,13 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
     Use ART (UT -03, standard time), rather than WARST (also -03, but
     daylight saving time) for San Luis, Argentina since 2009.
 
-  Changes affecting Godthåb time stamps after 2037 if version mismatch
+  Changes affecting Godthåb timestamps after 2037 if version mismatch
 
     Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where the transition time's hour can
     range from -167 through 167, instead of the POSIX-required 0
     through 24.  E.g., TZ='FJT-12FJST,M10.3.1/146,M1.3.4/75' for the
     new Fiji rules.  This is a more-compact way to represent
-    far-future time stamps for America/Godthab, America/Santiago,
+    far-future timestamps for America/Godthab, America/Santiago,
     Antarctica/Palmer, Asia/Gaza, Asia/Hebron, Asia/Jerusalem,
     Pacific/Easter, and Pacific/Fiji.  Other zones are unaffected by
     this change.  (Derived from a suggestion by Arthur David Olson.)
@@ -1751,12 +1875,12 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
     embedded TZ-format string, and the tz file format version number
     has therefore been increased from 2 to 3 as a precaution.
     Version-2-based client code should continue to work as before for
-    all time stamps before 2038.  Existing version-2-based client code
+    all timestamps before 2038.  Existing version-2-based client code
     (tzcode, GNU/Linux, Solaris) has been tested on version-3-format
-    files, and typically works in practice even for time stamps after
+    files, and typically works in practice even for timestamps after
     2037; the only known exception is America/Godthab.
 
-  Changes affecting time stamps before 1970
+  Changes affecting timestamps before 1970
 
     Pacific/Johnston is now a link to Pacific/Honolulu.  This corrects
     some errors before 1947.
@@ -1764,7 +1888,7 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
     Some zones have been turned into links, when they differ from existing
     zones only in older data entries that were likely invented or that
     differ only in LMT or transitions from LMT.  These changes affect
-    only time stamps before 1943.  The affected zones are:
+    only timestamps before 1943.  The affected zones are:
     Africa/Juba, America/Anguilla, America/Aruba, America/Dominica,
     America/Grenada, America/Guadeloupe, America/Marigot,
     America/Montserrat, America/St_Barthelemy, America/St_Kitts,
@@ -1774,11 +1898,11 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
     link is better for WWII-era times.)
 
     Change Kingston Mean Time from -5:07:12 to -5:07:11.  This affects
-    America/Cayman, America/Jamaica and America/Grand_Turk time stamps
+    America/Cayman, America/Jamaica and America/Grand_Turk timestamps
     from 1890 to 1912.
 
     Change the UT offset of Bern Mean Time from 0:29:44 to 0:29:46.
-    This affects Europe/Zurich time stamps from 1853 to 1894.  (Thanks
+    This affects Europe/Zurich timestamps from 1853 to 1894.  (Thanks
     to Alois Treindl).
 
     Change the date of the circa-1850 Zurich transition from 1849-09-12
@@ -1796,7 +1920,7 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
     data can't be summarized using a TZ string, and uses a 402-year
     window rather than a 400-year window.  For the current data, this
     affects only the Asia/Tehran file.  It does not affect any of the
-    time stamps that this file represents, so zdump outputs the same
+    timestamps that this file represents, so zdump outputs the same
     information as before.  (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).)
 
     The 'date' command has a new '-r' option, which lets you specify
@@ -1828,7 +1952,7 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
   Changes affecting the zdump utility
 
     zdump now outputs "UT" when referring to Universal Time, not "UTC".
-    "UTC" does not make sense for time stamps that predate the introduction
+    "UTC" does not make sense for timestamps that predate the introduction
     of UTC, whereas "UT", a more-generic term, does.  (Thanks to Steve Allen
     for clarifying UT vs UTC.)
 
@@ -1839,7 +1963,7 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
 
     Remove from zone.tab the names America/Montreal, America/Shiprock,
     and Antarctica/South_Pole, as they are equivalent to existing
-    same-country-code zones for post-1970 time stamps.  The data entries for
+    same-country-code zones for post-1970 timestamps.  The data entries for
     these names are unchanged, so the names continue to work as before.
 
   Changes affecting code internals
@@ -1899,7 +2023,7 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
 
       There is a new section about the accuracy of the tz database,
       describing the many ways that errors can creep in, and
-      explaining why so many of the pre-1970 time stamps are wrong or
+      explaining why so many of the pre-1970 timestamps are wrong or
       misleading (thanks to Steve Allen, Lester Caine, and Garrett
       Wollman for discussions that contributed to this).
 
@@ -1934,7 +2058,7 @@ Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700
 
 Release 2013d - 2013-07-05 07:38:01 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting future time stamps:
+  Changes affecting future timestamps:
 
     Morocco's midsummer transitions this year are July 7 and August 10,
     not July 9 and August 8.  (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.)
@@ -1942,7 +2066,7 @@ Release 2013d - 2013-07-05 07:38:01 -0700
     Israel now falls back on the last Sunday of October.
     (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.)
 
-  Changes affecting past time stamps:
+  Changes affecting past timestamps:
 
     Specify Jerusalem's location more precisely; this changes the pre-1880
     times by 2 s.
@@ -1980,7 +2104,7 @@ Release 2013d - 2013-07-05 07:38:01 -0700
 
 Release 2013c - 2013-04-19 16:17:40 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting current and future time stamps:
+  Changes affecting current and future timestamps:
 
     Palestine observed DST starting March 29, 2013.  (Thanks to
     Steffen Thorsen.)  From 2013 on, Gaza and Hebron both observe DST,
@@ -1991,7 +2115,7 @@ Release 2013c - 2013-04-19 16:17:40 -0700
     by moving the end of DST to the 4th Sunday in March every year.
     (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.)
 
-  Changes affecting past time stamps:
+  Changes affecting past timestamps:
 
     Fix some historical data for Palestine to agree with that of
     timeanddate.com, as follows:
@@ -2025,10 +2149,10 @@ Release 2013c - 2013-04-19 16:17:40 -0700
 
 Release 2013b - 2013-03-10 22:33:40 -0700
 
-  Changes affecting current and future time stamps:
+  Changes affecting current and future timestamps:
 
     Haiti uses US daylight-saving rules this year, and presumably future years.
-    This changes time stamps starting today.  (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
+    This changes timestamps starting today.  (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
 
     Paraguay will end DST on March 24 this year.
     (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)  For now, assume it's just this year.
@@ -2052,7 +2176,7 @@ Release 2013a - 2013-02-27 09:20:35 -0800
     The zone offset at the end of version-2-format zone files is now
     allowed to be 24:00, as per POSIX.1-2008.  (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.)
 
-  Changes affecting current and future time stamps:
+  Changes affecting current and future timestamps:
 
     Chile's 2013 rules, and we guess rules for 2014 and later, will be
     the same as 2012, namely Apr Sun>=23 03:00 UTC to Sep Sun>=2 04:00 UTC.
@@ -2061,7 +2185,7 @@ Release 2013a - 2013-02-27 09:20:35 -0800
     New Zones Asia/Khandyga, Asia/Ust-Nera, Europe/Busingen.
     (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Arthur David Olson.)
 
-  Many changes affect historical time stamps before 1940.
+  Many changes affect historical timestamps before 1940.
   These were deduced from: Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899
   Feb;13(2):173-94 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
 
@@ -2193,7 +2317,7 @@ Release 2012e - 2012-08-02 20:44:55 -0700
 
 Release code2012c-data2012d - 2012-07-19 16:35:33 -0700
 
-  Changes for Morocco's time stamps, which take effect in a couple of
+  Changes for Morocco's timestamps, which take effect in a couple of
   hours, along with infrastructure changes to accommodate how the tz
   code and data are released on IANA.
 
@@ -2337,12 +2461,12 @@ Release 2011e - 2011-03-31 16:04:38 -0400
 
 Release 2011d - 2011-03-14 09:18:01 -0400
 
-  changes that impact present-day time stamps in Cuba, Samoa, and Turkey
+  changes that impact present-day timestamps in Cuba, Samoa, and Turkey
 
 
 Release 2011c - 2011-03-07 09:30:09 -0500
 
-  These do affect current time stamps in Chile and Annette Island, Canada.
+  These do affect current timestamps in Chile and Annette Island, Canada.
 
 
 Release 2011b - 2011-02-07 08:44:50 -0500
@@ -3807,7 +3931,7 @@ few (e.g., code2012c-data2012d) have tarballs with mixed version
 numbers.  Recent releases also come in an experimental format
 consisting of a single tarball tzdb-R.tar.lz with extra data.
 
-Release time stamps are taken from the release's commit (for newer,
+Release timestamps are taken from the release's commit (for newer,
 Git-based releases), from the newest file in the tarball (for older
 releases, where this info is available) or from the email announcing
 the release (if all else fails; these are marked with a time zone of
diff --git a/Theory b/Theory
index ea4b35d8137f..33e46069ba23 100644
--- a/Theory
+++ b/Theory
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ international standard for UNIX-like systems.  As of this writing, the
 current edition of POSIX is:
 
   The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
-  IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition
+  IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition
   <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/>
 
 
@@ -209,6 +209,19 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
 	If there is no common English abbreviation, use numeric offsets like
 		-05 and +0830 that are generated by zic's %z notation.
 
+	Use current abbreviations for older timestamps to avoid confusion.
+		For example, in 1910 a common English abbreviation for UT +01
+		in central Europe was 'MEZ' (short for both "Middle European
+		Zone" and for "Mitteleuropäische Zeit" in German).  Nowadays
+		'CET' ("Central European Time") is more common in English, and
+		the database uses 'CET' even for circa-1910 timestamps as this
+		is less confusing for modern users and avoids the need for
+		determining when 'CET' supplanted 'MEZ' in common usage.
+
+	Use a consistent style in a zone's history.  For example, if a zone's
+		history tends to use numeric abbreviations and a particular
+		entry could go either way, use a numeric abbreviation.
+
     [The remaining guidelines predate the introduction of %z.
     They are problematic as they mean tz data entries invent
     notation rather than record it.  These guidelines are now
@@ -226,7 +239,7 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
 			for double summer time append 'DST'; etc.
 		Otherwise, take the first three letters of an English place
 			name identifying each zone and append 'T', 'ST', etc.
-			as before; e.g. 'VLAST' for VLAdivostok Summer Time.
+			as before; e.g. 'CHAST' for CHAtham Summer Time.
 
 	Use UT (with time zone abbreviation '-00') for locations while
 		uninhabited.  The leading '-' is a flag that the time
@@ -360,12 +373,12 @@ Errors in the tz database arise from many sources:
  * Civil time was not based on atomic time before 1972, and we don't
    know the history of earth's rotation accurately enough to map SI
    seconds to historical solar time to more than about one-hour
-   accuracy.  See: Morrison LV, Stephenson FR.
-   Historical values of the Earth's clock error Delta T and the
-   calculation of eclipses. J Hist Astron. 2004;35:327-36
-   <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2004JHA....35..327M>;
-   Historical values of the Earth's clock error. J Hist Astron. 2005;36:339
-   <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2005JHA....36..339M>.
+   accuracy.  See: Stephenson FR, Morrison LV, Hohenkerk CY.
+   Measurement of the Earth's rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015.
+   Proc Royal Soc A. 2016 Dec 7;472:20160404.
+   http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0404
+   Also see: Espenak F. Uncertainty in Delta T (ΔT).
+   http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/uncertainty2004.html
 
  * The relationship between POSIX time (that is, UTC but ignoring leap
    seconds) and UTC is not agreed upon after 1972.  Although the POSIX
diff --git a/africa b/africa
index f30c910f429d..dcc20b9b1c33 100644
--- a/africa
+++ b/africa
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
-# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
-# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
+# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
@@ -31,39 +31,33 @@
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
+# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
+# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
-# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
-# but Mark R V Murray reports that
-# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
-# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
-# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
+# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
+# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
+# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
-# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
-#
-# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
-# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
-# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
-# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
-# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
-#
-# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
-#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
-#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
-#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
-#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
-# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
-#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
-# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
-# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
-# until we get more information.
+#
+# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
+#	 +00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
+#	 +02	CAT	Central Africa Time
+#	 +02	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
+# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
+#	 +01	WAT	West Africa Time
+# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
+# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
+# cannot now come up with solid citations.
 #
 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
-#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
-#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
-#	 2:45	BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
-#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
-#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
-#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
+#	 +02	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
+#	 +03	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+#	 +03	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+#	 +03	EAT	East Africa Time
+# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
+# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
 
 # Algeria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -121,17 +115,17 @@ Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 
 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
 #
-# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
+# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # merely made it official?
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907        # Praia
-			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
-			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25  2:00
-			-1:00	-	CVT
+			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep
+			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15
+			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00
+			-1:00	-	-01
 
 # Central African Republic
 # See Africa/Lagos.
@@ -388,7 +382,7 @@ Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
 Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
-			 0:00	Ghana	%s
+			 0:00	Ghana	GMT/+0020
 
 # Guinea
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
@@ -397,20 +391,20 @@ Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
 #
 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
+			-1:00	-	-01	1975
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Kenya
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
-			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
-			2:45	-	BEAUT	1960
+			2:30	-	+0230	1940
+			2:45	-	+0245	1960
 			3:00	-	EAT
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa	 # Ethiopia
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara	 # Eritrea
@@ -426,18 +420,25 @@ Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
 
 # Liberia
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
-# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
-# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
-# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
-# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
+#
+# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
+#
+# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset
+# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on
+# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
+# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
+# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
+# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
+#
+# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
+# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
+			-0:44:30 -	MMT	1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -596,7 +597,7 @@ Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
-			4:00 Mauritius	MU%sT	# Mauritius Time
+			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05
 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
@@ -915,14 +916,14 @@ Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 
 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
+			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT
 
 # Mozambique
 #
 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # merely made it official?
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -949,16 +950,19 @@ Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka	# Zambia
 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
 # of the country.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
-# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
-# we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
+# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
+# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
+# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
+# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
+# http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
 
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
-			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar    # SW Africa Time
+			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
 			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
@@ -985,7 +989,7 @@ Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
 # Réunion
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
-			4:00	-	RET	# Réunion Time
+			4:00	-	+04
 #
 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
 #
@@ -1020,7 +1024,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
 # Seychelles
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria
-			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
+			4:00	-	+04
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
diff --git a/antarctica b/antarctica
index 6da1aef87f17..3332d6684252 100644
--- a/antarctica
+++ b/antarctica
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 # Prat, -6230-05941
 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
-# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
+# These locations employ Region of Magallanes time; use
+# TZ='America/Punta_Arenas'.
 
 # China - year-round bases
 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
diff --git a/asia b/asia
index c6f63b52059b..35774c6d7edd 100644
--- a/asia
+++ b/asia
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
-# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
-# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
+# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
@@ -35,29 +35,24 @@
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
-# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
-# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# Corrections are welcome!
+# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
 #	     std  dst
 #	     LMT	Local Mean Time
 #	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
 #	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
-#	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
-#	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran*
-#	4:00 GST	Gulf*
 #	5:30 IST	India
-#	7:00 ICT	Indochina, most times and locations*
 #	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
 #	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
 #	8:00 CST	China
-#	8:00 IDT	Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
-#	8:00 JWST	Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
-#	8:30 KST  KDT	Korea when at +0830*
-#	9:00 JCST	Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
+#	8:30 KST  KDT	Korea when at +0830
 #	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea when at +09
 #	9:30 ACST	Australian Central Standard Time
+# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
+# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets.  Although earlier
+# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
+# offset, this did not reflect common practice.
 #
 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
 
@@ -65,7 +60,7 @@
 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
-# Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
+# Worldwide Edition).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -86,8 +81,8 @@ Rule RussiaAsia	1996	2011	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Afghanistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
-			4:00	-	AFT	1945
-			4:30	-	AFT
+			4:00	-	+04	1945
+			4:30	-	+0430
 
 # Armenia
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
@@ -230,18 +225,17 @@ Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
-			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
-			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
-			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
-			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
-			6:00	-	BDT	2009
-			6:00	Dhaka	BD%sT
+			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May 15
+			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
+			6:30	-	+0630	1951 Sep 30
+			6:00	-	+06	2009
+			6:00	Dhaka	+06/+07
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
-			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
-			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
+			5:30	-	+0530	1987 Oct
+			6:00	-	+06
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
@@ -251,14 +245,14 @@ Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
-			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
-			6:00	-	IOT
+			5:00	-	+05	1996
+			6:00	-	+06
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
-			7:30	-	BNT	1933
-			8:00	-	BNT
+			7:30	-	+0730	1933
+			8:00	-	+08
 
 # Burma / Myanmar
 
@@ -267,9 +261,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
 			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
-			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May    # Burma Time
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 May  3
-			6:30	-	MMT	# Myanmar Time
+			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 May  3
+			6:30	-	+0630
 
 # Cambodia
 # See Asia/Bangkok.
@@ -332,7 +326,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
 #
 # (1)
@@ -390,28 +384,26 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
 #
 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
-# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
 #
 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
-# Asia/Shanghai
+# Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
 # most of China
-# This currently represents most other zones as well,
-# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
 #
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
-# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
+# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
-# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
+# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
 #
 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
-# Asia/Urumqi
-# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
-# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
+# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
+# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
+# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
 # the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
@@ -422,7 +414,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
 #
 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
-# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
+# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
@@ -523,7 +515,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
 # / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
-			6:00	-	XJT
+			6:00	-	+06
 
 
 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
@@ -742,30 +734,29 @@ Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
 Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	JWST	1937 Oct  1
+			8:00	-	CST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 21  1:00
 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
 
 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
-Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
-Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
-Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	S
+Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	S
+Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	S
+Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
-			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+			8:00	Macau	C%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -881,11 +872,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
-			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
-			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17  0:00
-			9:00	-	TLT
+			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb 21 23:00
+			9:00	-	+09	1976 May  3
+			8:00	-	+08	2000 Sep 17  0:00
+			9:00	-	+09
 
 # India
 
@@ -900,9 +890,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
-			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
+			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
+			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST
 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
 #	Andaman Is
@@ -953,33 +943,33 @@ Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
-			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov    # Java Time
-			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Mar 23
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
-			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
-			7:30	-	WIB	1964
+			7:20	-	+0720	1932 Nov
+			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Mar 23
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
+			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
+			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
+			7:30	-	+0730	1964
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # west and central Borneo
 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
-			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Jan 29
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
-			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
-			7:30	-	WIB	1964
+			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Jan 29
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
+			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
+			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
+			7:30	-	+0730	1964
 			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
-			8:00	-	WITA	1942 Feb  9
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
+			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb  9
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
 			8:00	-	WITA
 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
-			9:00	-	WIT	1944 Sep  1
-			9:30	-	ACST	1964
+			9:00	-	+09	1944 Sep  1
+			9:30	-	+0930	1964
 			9:00	-	WIT
 
 # Iran
@@ -1011,8 +1001,6 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
-# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
-# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
 #
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
@@ -1119,9 +1107,9 @@ Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
-			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
-			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
-			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
+			3:30	-	+0330	1977 Nov
+			4:00	Iran	+04/+05	1979
+			3:30	Iran	+0330/+0430
 
 
 # Iraq
@@ -1164,8 +1152,8 @@ Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
-			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
-			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
+			3:00	-	+03	1982 May
+			3:00	Iraq	+03/+04
 
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -1464,8 +1452,6 @@ Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
-			9:00	-	JST	1896 Jan  1
-			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	Japan	J%sT
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
@@ -1741,7 +1727,23 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-07):
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
+# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
+# oblast.  Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
+# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
+# according to wikipedia.)
+#
+# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
+# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
+# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt.  But I do not understand
+# how that could happen....
+#
+# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
+# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
+# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
+# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1771,7 +1773,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			6:00	-	+06
 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29.  The 1991/2 rules for
-# Qostenay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
+# Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
 #Zone	Asia/Qostanay	4:14:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 #			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
@@ -1808,7 +1810,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
 Zone	Asia/Atyrau	3:27:44	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
@@ -1820,7 +1822,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Atyrau	3:27:44	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
@@ -1926,14 +1928,12 @@ Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	3:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1908 Apr  1
 			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
-			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:30	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1
 			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
-			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
 			9:00	-	KST	2015 Aug 15 00:00
 			8:30	-	KST
@@ -1988,30 +1988,29 @@ Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
-			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
-			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
-			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
-			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
-			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
+			7:00	-	+07	1933 Jan  1
+			7:00	0:20	+0720	1936 Jan  1
+			7:20	-	+0720	1941 Sep  1
+			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
+			7:30	-	+0730	1982 Jan  1
+			8:00	-	+08
 # Sabah & Sarawak
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
-			7:30	-	BORT	1933        # Borneo Time
-			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
-			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	MYT
+			7:30	-	+0730	1933
+			8:00 NBorneo  +08/+0820	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
+			8:00	-	+08
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Male
 			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Male Mean Time
-			5:00	-	MVT	# Maldives Time
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Mongolia
 
@@ -2138,37 +2137,41 @@ Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
 
+# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
+# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
+# saving time adoption in Mongolia.  Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
+
 Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
 Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Mongol	2015	max	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Mongol	2015	max	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Mongol	2015	2016	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	2015	2016	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			6:00	-	HOVT	1978     # Hovd Time
-			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
+			6:00	-	+06	1978
+			7:00	Mongol	+07/+08
 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	ULAT	1978     # Ulaanbaatar Time
-			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
+			7:00	-	+07	1978
+			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
 Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
-			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
-			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
-			8:00	Mongol	CHO%sT
+			7:00	-	+07	1978
+			8:00	-	+08	1983 Apr
+			9:00	Mongol	+09/+10	2008 Mar 31
+			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
-			5:30	-	IST	1986
-			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
+			5:30	-	+0530	1986
+			5:45	-	+0545
 
 # Oman
 # See Asia/Dubai.
@@ -2317,10 +2320,10 @@ Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
-			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
-			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
-			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
+			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
+			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
+			5:30	-	+0530	1951 Sep 30
+			5:00	-	+05	1971 Mar 26
 			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
 
 # Palestine
@@ -2685,15 +2688,15 @@ Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
-			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
-			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
-			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
+			8:00	Phil	+08/+09	1942 May
+			9:00	-	+09	1944 Nov
+			8:00	Phil	+08/+09
 
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
-			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
-			3:00	-	AST
+			4:00	-	+04	1972 Jun
+			3:00	-	+03
 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
 
 # Saudi Arabia
@@ -2720,7 +2723,7 @@ Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
-			3:00	-	AST
+			3:00	-	+03
 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden	# Yemen
 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
 
@@ -2730,14 +2733,13 @@ Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
-			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
-			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
-			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
-			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
-			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
-			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
-			8:00	-	SGT
+			7:00	-	+07	1933 Jan  1
+			7:00	0:20	+0720	1936 Jan  1
+			7:20	-	+0720	1941 Sep  1
+			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
+			7:30	-	+0730	1982 Jan  1
+			8:00	-	+08
 
 # Spratly Is
 # no information
@@ -2796,8 +2798,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
 			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
 			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Jan  5
-			5:30	0:30	+0530/+06 1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16  2:00
+			5:30	0:30	+06	1942 Sep
+			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 16  2:00
 			5:30	-	+0530	1996 May 25  0:00
 			6:30	-	+0630	1996 Oct 26  0:30
 			6:00	-	+06	2006 Apr 15  0:30
@@ -2979,7 +2981,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
-			7:00	-	ICT
+			7:00	-	+07
 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh	# Cambodia
 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane	# Laos
 
@@ -2995,7 +2997,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
 # United Arab Emirates
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
-			4:00	-	GST
+			4:00	-	+04
 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat	# Oman
 
 # Uzbekistan
@@ -3068,15 +3070,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
-			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	IDT	1955 Jul  1
-			7:00	-	ICT	1959 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	IDT	1975 Jun 13
-			7:00	-	ICT
+			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1 # Phù Liễn MT
+			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	+08	1955 Jul  1
+			7:00	-	+07	1959 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	+08	1975 Jun 13
+			7:00	-	+07
 
 # Yemen
 # See Asia/Riyadh.
diff --git a/australasia b/australasia
index 0bca53e2ee3f..d389ae134ab7 100644
--- a/australasia
+++ b/australasia
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:00	Aus	AW%sT	1943 Jul
 			 8:00	AW	AW%sT
 Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:45	Aus	ACW%sT	1943 Jul
-			 8:45	AW	ACW%sT
+			 8:45	Aus +0845/+0945	1943 Jul
+			 8:45	AW  +0845/+0945
 
 # Queensland
 #
@@ -212,7 +212,8 @@ Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	D
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	AEST	1981 Mar
-			10:30	LH	LH%sT
+			10:30	LH	+1030/+1130 1985 Jul
+			10:30	LH	+1030/+11
 
 # Australian miscellany
 #
@@ -250,19 +251,19 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	-00	1899 Nov
 			0	-	-00	1948 Mar 25
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT	2010 Apr  4  3:00
-			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie I Standard Time
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 # Christmas
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
+			7:00	-	+07
 
 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
-			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
+			6:30	-	+0630
 
 
 # Fiji
@@ -375,16 +376,16 @@ Rule	Fiji	2014	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2015	max	-	Jan	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
-			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time
+			12:00	Fiji	+12/+13
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Rikitea
-			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time
+			 -9:00	-	-09
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
-			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time
+			 -9:30	-	-0930
 Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Papeete
-			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time
+			-10:00	-	-10
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
 
@@ -399,15 +400,15 @@ Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
 # Kiribati
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
-			 12:00	-	GILT	# Gilbert Is Time
+			 12:00	-	+12
 Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
-			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
-			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995
-			 13:00	-	PHOT
+			-12:00	-	-12	1979 Oct
+			-11:00	-	-11	1995
+			 13:00	-	+13
 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
-			-10:40	-	LINT	1979 Oct # Line Is Time
-			-10:00	-	LINT	1995
-			 14:00	-	LINT
+			-10:40	-	-1040	1979 Oct
+			-10:00	-	-10	1995
+			 14:00	-	+14
 
 # N Mariana Is
 # See Pacific/Guam.
@@ -415,31 +416,31 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Marshall Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
-			12:00	-	MHT
+			11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
+			12:00	-	+12
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct
-			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
-			12:00	-	MHT
+			11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
+			-12:00	-	-12	1993 Aug 20
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
-			10:00	-	CHUT	# Chuuk Time
+			10:00	-	+10
 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kolonia
-			11:00	-	PONT	# Pohnpei Time
+			11:00	-	+11
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
-			12:00	-	KOST	1999
-			11:00	-	KOST
+			11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
+			12:00	-	+12	1999
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
-			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
-			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15
-			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May
-			12:00	-	NRT
+			11:30	-	+1130	1942 Mar 15
+			9:00	-	+09	1944 Aug 15
+			11:30	-	+1130	1979 May
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 # New Caledonia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
-			11:00	NC	NC%sT
+			11:00	NC	+11/+12
 
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -491,8 +492,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
 Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
-			12:15	-	CHAST	1946 Jan  1
-			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
+			12:15	-	+1215	1946 Jan  1
+			12:45	Chatham	+1245/+1345
 
 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
 
@@ -514,8 +515,8 @@ Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901        # Avarua
-			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
-			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
+			-10:30	-	-1030	1978 Nov 12
+			-10:00	Cook	-10/-0930
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -523,29 +524,29 @@ Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901        # Avarua
 # Niue
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901        # Alofi
-			-11:20	-	NUT	1951        # Niue Time
-			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct  1
-			-11:00	-	NUT
+			-11:20	-	-1120	1951
+			-11:30	-	-1130	1978 Oct  1
+			-11:00	-	-11
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
-			11:12	-	NMT	1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
-			11:30	-	NFT	1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T.
-			11:30	1:00	NFST	1975 Mar  2 02:00
-			11:30	-	NFT	2015 Oct  4 02:00
-			11:00	-	NFT
+			11:12	-	+1112	1951
+			11:30	-	+1130	1974 Oct 27 02:00
+			11:30	1:00	+1230	1975 Mar  2 02:00
+			11:30	-	+1130	2015 Oct  4 02:00
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901 # Koror
-			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
+			9:00	-	+09
 
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
-			10:00	-	PGT	# Papua New Guinea Time
+			10:00	-	+10
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
@@ -560,28 +561,26 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
 #
 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
-# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
-# abbreviate this as BST.  See:
+# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time".
+# See:
 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
 #
 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 -	LMT	1880
 			 9:48:32 -	PMMT	1895
-			10:00	-	PGT	1942 Jul
-			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 21
-			10:00	-	PGT	2014 Dec 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	BST
+			10:00	-	+10	1942 Jul
+			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 21
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Dec 28  2:00
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901        # Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27  0:00
-			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time
+			-8:30	-	-0830	1998 Apr 27  0:00
+			-8:00	-	-08
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
-			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
 			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
 
@@ -662,17 +661,17 @@ Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	WSST	1950
-			-11:00	WS	S%sT	2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
-			 13:00	WS	WS%sT
+			-11:30	-	-1130	1950
+			-11:00	WS	-11/-10	2011 Dec 29 24:00
+			 13:00	WS	+13/+14
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Honiara
-			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time
+			11:00	-	+11
 
-# Tokelau Is
+# Tokelau
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
@@ -693,8 +692,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Honiara
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	TKT	2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
-			13:00	-	TKT
+			-11:00	-	-11	2011 Dec 30
+			13:00	-	+13
 
 # Tonga
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -713,7 +712,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Tuvalu
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	TVT	# Tuvalu Time
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 
 # US minor outlying islands
@@ -737,10 +736,11 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Johnston
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
 # Details are uncertain.  We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
-# treat it like Hawaii for now.
+# treat it like Hawaii for now.  Since Johnston is now uninhabited,
+# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file.
 #
 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
@@ -760,8 +760,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
 # Minus One Hour".
-#
-# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
 
 # Kingman
 # uninhabited
@@ -775,7 +773,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # Wake
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wake	11:06:28 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	WAKT	# Wake Time
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 
 # Vanuatu
@@ -788,12 +786,12 @@ Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
-			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time
+			11:00	Vanuatu	+11/+12
 
 # Wallis and Futuna
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	WFT	# Wallis & Futuna Time
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -804,15 +802,15 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
-# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
-# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
+# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
@@ -829,28 +827,19 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
-# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
-# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+# The following abbreviations are from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #		LMT		Local Mean Time
 #	  8:00	AWST	AWDT	Western Australia
-#	  8:45	ACWST	ACWDT	Central Western Australia*
-#	  9:00	JST		Japan
 #	  9:30	ACST	ACDT	Central Australia
 #	 10:00	AEST	AEDT	Eastern Australia
+#	 10:00	GST		Guam through 2000
 #	 10:00	ChST		Chamorro
-#	 10:30	LHST	LHDT	Lord Howe*
-#	 11:00	BST		Bougainville*
 #	 11:30	NZMT	NZST	New Zealand through 1945
 #	 12:00	NZST	NZDT	New Zealand 1946-present
-#	 12:15	CHAST		Chatham through 1945*
-#	 12:45	CHAST	CHADT	Chatham 1946-present*
-#	 13:00	WSST	WSDT	(western) Samoa 2011-present*
-#	-11:30	WSST		Western Samoa through 1950*
 #	-11:00	SST		Samoa
 #	-10:00	HST		Hawaii
-#	- 8:00	PST		Pitcairn*
 #
 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
diff --git a/backward b/backward
index aa23dd844eb5..09f2a31b685d 100644
--- a/backward
+++ b/backward
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ Link	Pacific/Auckland	NZ
 Link	Pacific/Chatham		NZ-CHAT
 Link	America/Denver		Navajo
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		PRC
+Link	Pacific/Honolulu	Pacific/Johnston
 Link	Pacific/Pohnpei		Pacific/Ponape
 Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Samoa
 Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Truk
diff --git a/backzone b/backzone
index 4a5085f42295..9ce78316c2b3 100644
--- a/backzone
+++ b/backzone
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
 # Mali (southern)
 Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
+			-1:00	-	-01	1960 Jun 20
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Central African Republic
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
 # Gambia
 Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
 			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935 # Banjul Mean Time
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
+			-1:00	-	-01	1964
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Malawi
@@ -93,18 +93,18 @@ Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
 # Guinea
 Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
+			-1:00	-	-01	1960
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Senegal
 Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
+			-1:00	-	-01	1941 Jun
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Tanzania
 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
 			3:00	-	EAT	1948
-			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
+			2:45	-	+0245	1961
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Djibouti
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
 # The International Hydrographic Bulletin, 1932-33, p 63 says that
 # Sierra Leone would advance its clocks by 20 minutes on 1933-10-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
-Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	-0020
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-01
+Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	+01
 Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
 Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
 			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
 			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
-			 0:00	SL	%s
+			 0:00	SL	GMT/+01
 
 # Botswana
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:24 -	LMT	1931
 # Uganda
 Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
-			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
-			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
+			2:30	-	+0230	1948
+			2:45	-	+0245	1957
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Rwanda
@@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 #
 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
 #
 Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
-			0:52:04	-	AOT	1912 Jan  1 # Angola Time
+			0:52:04	-	+005204	1912 Jan  1
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
@@ -216,19 +216,19 @@ Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # Somalia
 Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
 			3:00	-	EAT	1931
-			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
+			2:30	-	+0230	1957
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Niger
 Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	-01	1934 Feb 26
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
 			 1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Mauritania
 Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
+			-1:00	-	-01	1960 Nov 28
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Burkina Faso
@@ -264,19 +264,19 @@ Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 # The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
 Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Aruba
 Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
-			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+			-4:30	-	-0430	1965
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Cayman Is
@@ -365,12 +365,12 @@ Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1  0:01 # Cork Hill
 # Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
 Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Jul
-			-3:00	-	ART	1999 Oct  3  0:00
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3  0:00
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Jul
+			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Oct  3  0:00
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3  0:00
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
 Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar  2 # Basseterre
@@ -403,12 +403,12 @@ Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
 Zone	Asia/Aden	2:59:54	-	LMT	1950
-			3:00	-	AST
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 # Bahrain
 Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920     # Manamah
-			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
-			3:00	-	AST
+			4:00	-	+04	1972 Jun
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 # India
 #
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920     # Manamah
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
 Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928     # or Chungking
-			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
+			7:00	-	+07	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
 
@@ -442,43 +442,43 @@ Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
 # October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
 Zone	Asia/Hanoi	7:03:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	IDT	1954 Oct
-			7:00	-	ICT
+			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	+08	1954 Oct
+			7:00	-	+07
 
 # China
 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
 Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928     # or Haerbin
-			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
+			8:30	-	+0830	1932 Mar
 			8:00	-	CST	1940
-			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
-			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
+			9:00	-	+09	1966 May
+			8:30	-	+0830	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 # far west China
 Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928     # or Kashi or Kaxgar
-			5:30	-	KAST	1940     # Kashgar Time
-			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
+			5:30	-	+0530	1940
+			5:00	-	+05	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 # Kuwait
 Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
-			3:00	-	AST
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 
 # Oman
 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
 Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
-			4:00	-	GST
+			4:00	-	+04
 
 # India
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
 #Zone	Asia/Panaji	[not enough info to complete]
 
@@ -491,12 +491,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # transitions there.
 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	IDT	1953 Nov  9
-			7:00	-	ICT
+			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	+08	1953 Nov  9
+			7:00	-	+07
 
 # Israel
 Zone	Asia/Tel_Aviv	2:19:04 -	LMT	1880
@@ -511,16 +511,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Tel_Aviv	2:19:04 -	LMT	1880
 # this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
 Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	IDT	1955 Apr 15
-			7:00	-	ICT
+			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	+08	1955 Apr 15
+			7:00	-	+07
 
 # Jan Mayen
 # From Whitman:
-Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	EGT
+Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	-01
 
 # St Helena
 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890 # Jamestown
@@ -663,15 +663,13 @@ Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
 #  "   3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A  "
 #
 Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3
-			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
-			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
-			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
+			-11:00	-	-11	1956 Jun  3
+			-11:00	1:00	-10	1956 Sep  2
+			-11:00	-	-11
 
 # N Mariana Is
 Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
-			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct    # N Mariana Is Time
-			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23
+			 9:00	-	+09	1969 Oct
+			10:00	-	+10	2000 Dec 23
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
diff --git a/europe b/europe
index bf3bf06446ad..558b9f168f36 100644
--- a/europe
+++ b/europe
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
-# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
-# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
+# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
@@ -56,26 +56,23 @@
 #	History of Summer Time
 #	<http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
 #	(1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
-
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
-# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#                   std dst  2dst
-#                   LMT           Local Mean Time
-#       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
-#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
-#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
-#        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
-#        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
-#        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
-#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
-#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
-#        1:00       BST           British Standard (1968-1971)
-#        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
-#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
-#        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
-#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
+# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
+# or are from other sources.  Corrections are welcome!
+#                   std  dst  2dst
+#                   LMT             Local Mean Time
+#       -4:00       AST  ADT        Atlantic
+#        0:00       GMT  BST  BDST  Greenwich, British Summer
+#        0:00       GMT  IST        Greenwich, Irish Summer
+#        0:00       WET  WEST WEMT  Western Europe
+#        0:19:32.13 AMT* NST*       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
+#        1:00       BST             British Standard (1968-1971)
+#        1:00       CET  CEST CEMT  Central Europe
+#        1:00:14    SET             Swedish (1879-1899)
+#        1:36:34    RMT* LST*       Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
+#        2:00       EET  EEST       Eastern Europe
+#        3:00       MSK  MSD  MDST* Moscow
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@@ -475,7 +472,7 @@ Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
-			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00
+			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00 # Dublin MT
 			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25  2:00
@@ -1064,16 +1061,16 @@ Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
-			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
+			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-3:00	EU	-03/-02	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
-			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
+			-2:00	-	-02	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-2:00	C-Eur	-02/-01	1981 Mar 29
+			-1:00	EU	-01/+00
 Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
-			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
+			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00
+			-3:00	EU	-03/-02
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
 
@@ -1488,7 +1485,7 @@ Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:28	-	LMT	1908
-			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr  7  1:00s
+			-1:00	Iceland	-01/+00	1968 Apr  7  1:00s
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
@@ -1952,7 +1949,7 @@ Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
 			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
-			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16  0:00 # Dutch Time
+			0:20	Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16  0:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -2169,16 +2166,34 @@ Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:45 -	LMT	1884
 			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
+# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
 Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884        # Ponta Delgada
 			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1912 Jan  1 # Horta Mean Time
-			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00  # Azores Time
-			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
+			-2:00	Port	+00	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
+			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
+			-2:00	Port	+00	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
+			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
+			-2:00	Port	+00	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
+			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
+			-2:00	Port	+00	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
+			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
+			-1:00	W-Eur	-01/+00	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28  1:00u
-			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
+			-1:00	EU	-01/+00
+# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
 Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884        # Funchal
 			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1912 Jan  1 # Funchal Mean Time
-			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00 # Madeira Time
+			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
+			-1:00	Port	+01	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
+			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
+			-1:00	Port	+01	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
+			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
+			-1:00	Port	+01	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
+			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
+			-1:00	Port	+01	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
+			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1966 Apr  3  2:00
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
@@ -2536,10 +2551,8 @@ Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
 			 3:00	-	MSK
 
 
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Europe/Simferopol covers...
-# **	****	Crimea, Republic of
-# **	****	Sevastopol
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
+# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
 
 Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
@@ -3232,46 +3245,77 @@ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Spain
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
+#
+# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
+# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
+# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
+# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
+# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
+# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
+#
+# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
+# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
+# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
+# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
+# the next day's 00:00.  Our data format cannot represent this
+# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
+# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
+
+# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
+# The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
+# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
+# says in its article 5 (my translation):
+# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
+# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
+# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
-Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
-Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1918	1919	-	Oct	 6	24:00s	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 6	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	24:00s	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	24:00s	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	15	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
+# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
+Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	Jun	16	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	Oct	 2	24:00s	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	2:00	M
+Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Oct	 2	24:00	1:00	S
+# The following rules are for unified Spain again.
+#
+# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
+# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
+# 1939-04-15.  For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
+# change during that period.
+#
+# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
+#Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Oct	 7	24:00s	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1943	1944	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1945	1946	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Oct	 2	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=12	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Spain	1977	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
+# Nationalist Spain during the civil war
+#Rule NatSpain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00	1:00	S
+#Rule NatSpain	1937	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	24:00s	0	-
+#Rule NatSpain	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00	1:00	S
 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
@@ -3283,11 +3327,11 @@ Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
-			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
+Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
+			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1940 Mar 16 23:00
 			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
-Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
+Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
 			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1924
@@ -3296,7 +3340,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30  1:00 # Canaries T
+			-1:00	-	-01	1946 Sep 30  1:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6  0:00s
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
@@ -3709,7 +3753,7 @@ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
 # portable Posix file names.
 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
-			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
+			2:20	-	+0220	1924 May  2
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
diff --git a/iso3166.tab b/iso3166.tab
index 0c79cab38c7d..c2e0f8eafc01 100644
--- a/iso3166.tab
+++ b/iso3166.tab
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 # All text uses UTF-8 encoding.  The columns of the table are as follows:
 #
 # 1.  ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
-#     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-16 (2013-07-11).  See: Updates on ISO 3166
-#   http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/updates_on_iso_3166.htm
+#     ISO 3166-1 N905 (2016-11-15).  See: Updates on ISO 3166-1
+#     http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/Open/16944257
 # 2.  The usual English name for the coded region,
 #     chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
 #     This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
diff --git a/leap-seconds.list b/leap-seconds.list
index 22fa78575105..d0903e7e0ebd 100644
--- a/leap-seconds.list
+++ b/leap-seconds.list
@@ -199,10 +199,10 @@
 #	current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file
 #	will not change.
 #
-#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C52
-#	File expires on:  28 June 2017
+#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C53
+#	File expires on:  28 December 2017
 #
-#@	3707596800
+#@	3723408000
 #
 2272060800	10	# 1 Jan 1972
 2287785600	11	# 1 Jul 1972
@@ -247,4 +247,4 @@
 #	the hash line is also ignored in the
 #	computation.
 #
-#h	dacf2c42 2c4765d6 3c797af8 2cf630eb 699c8c67
+#h	62cf8c5d 8bbb6dcc c61e3b56 c308343 869bb80d
diff --git a/leapseconds b/leapseconds
index b4411f98ca45..1ebf70fcf61e 100644
--- a/leapseconds
+++ b/leapseconds
@@ -58,5 +58,5 @@ Leap	2012	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2015	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2016	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 
-#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C52
-#	File expires on:  28 June 2017
+#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C53
+#	File expires on:  28 December 2017
diff --git a/northamerica b/northamerica
index e1ed9e4a8720..6ede9dcd96be 100644
--- a/northamerica
+++ b/northamerica
@@ -178,22 +178,6 @@ Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
 Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
 Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
-#    old			 new
-#    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
-#    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
-#    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
-#    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
-#
-# ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
-#    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
-#    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
-# I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
-
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
@@ -250,6 +234,21 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 #	Samoa standard time
 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19):
+# Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation:
+# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451
+# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108
+# Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard
+# Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific",
+# and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time",
+# as codified in 1966.  In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST"
+# before 1968.  Summarizing the 1967 name changes:
+#	1918 names			1967 names
+#  -08	Standard Pacific Time (PST)	Pacific standard time (PST)
+#  -09	(unofficial) Yukon (YST)	Yukon standard time (YST)
+#  -10	Standard Alaska Time (AST)	Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST)
+#  -11	(unofficial) Nome (NST)		Bering standard time (BST)
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
@@ -305,6 +304,15 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 # in Columbus."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
+# Four cities are involved.  The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
+# and Valley.  Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
+# because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
+# corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
+# time even after the mills closed.  See: Kazek K. Did you know which
+# Alabama towns are in a different time zone?  al.com 2017-02-06.
+# http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
@@ -482,7 +490,7 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # Alaska
-# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
+# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
@@ -588,10 +596,8 @@ Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
-			-10:00	-	CAT	1942
-			-10:00	US	CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
-			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
-			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
+			-10:00	-	AST	1942
+			-10:00	US	A%sT	1967 Apr
 			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
@@ -680,7 +686,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
 			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8  2:00
 			-10:00	-	HST
-Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 
@@ -1068,15 +1073,15 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 ################################################################################
 
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
-# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
-# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
+# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
@@ -2734,15 +2739,15 @@ Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924 # Bridgetown
 # Belize
 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Belize	1918	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	Belize	1919	1943	-	Feb	Sun>=9	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Belize	1973	only	-	Dec	 5	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Belize	1974	only	-	Feb	 9	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Belize	1982	only	-	Dec	18	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Belize	1983	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Belize	1918	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0:30	-0530
+Rule	Belize	1919	1943	-	Feb	Sun>=9	0:00	0	CST
+Rule	Belize	1973	only	-	Dec	 5	0:00	1:00	CDT
+Rule	Belize	1974	only	-	Feb	 9	0:00	0	CST
+Rule	Belize	1982	only	-	Dec	18	0:00	1:00	CDT
+Rule	Belize	1983	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	0	CST
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
-			-6:00	Belize	C%sT
+			-6:00	Belize	%s
 
 # Bermuda
 
@@ -3014,16 +3019,16 @@ Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	DR	1966	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	DR	1967	only	-	Feb	28	0:00	0	S
-Rule	DR	1969	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	DR	1970	only	-	Feb	21	0:00	0	S
-Rule	DR	1971	only	-	Jan	20	0:00	0	S
-Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	DR	1966	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	1:00	EDT
+Rule	DR	1967	only	-	Feb	28	0:00	0	EST
+Rule	DR	1969	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	-0430
+Rule	DR	1970	only	-	Feb	21	0:00	0	EST
+Rule	DR	1971	only	-	Jan	20	0:00	0	EST
+Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	EST
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
-			-5:00	DR	E%sT	1974 Oct 27
+			-5:00	DR	%s	1974 Oct 27
 			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3  1:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
@@ -3134,6 +3139,12 @@ Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 # http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
 # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12):
+# We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti
+# has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that,
+# I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
+# https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -3146,6 +3157,8 @@ Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Haiti	2017	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Haiti	2017	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
@@ -3313,8 +3326,8 @@ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
-			-3:00	-	PMST	1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
-			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
+			-3:00	-	-03	1987
+			-3:00	Canada	-03/-02
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
diff --git a/southamerica b/southamerica
index 532145172f0a..6038c3b65c26 100644
--- a/southamerica
+++ b/southamerica
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-05):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
-# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
-# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
+# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
@@ -24,32 +24,10 @@
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
-# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
-# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
-# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
-#	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
-#	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
-#	in Europe and South America.
-#	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
-#	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
-#
-# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
-# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
-# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
-# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
-#	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
-#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
-#	"official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
-#	The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
-#	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
-#	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
-# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#		std	dst
-#	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
-#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasília
-#	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
-#	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
+# These tables use numeric abbreviations like -03 and -0330 for
+# integer hour and minute UTC offsets.  Although earlier editions used
+# alphabetic time zone abbreviations, these abbreviations were
+# invented and did not reflect common practice.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -384,12 +362,6 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
 # America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
-#
-# I'm enclosing a patch that does what I say... regretfully, the San Luis
-# timezone must be called "WART/WARST" even when most of the time (like,
-# right now) WARST == ART... that is, since last Sunday, all the country
-# is using UTC-3, but in my patch, San Luis calls it "WARST" and the rest
-# of the country calls it "ART".
 # ...
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
@@ -428,11 +400,11 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
 Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
 #
 # Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
@@ -446,113 +418,113 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 #
 Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
 #
 # Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Tucumán (TM)
 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 13
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 13
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
 #
 # La Rioja (LR)
 Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # San Juan (SJ)
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Jujuy (JY)
 Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
-			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 28
-			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar 17
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct  6
-			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1992
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
+			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 28
+			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar 17
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct  6
+			-3:00	1:00	-02	1992
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Mendoza (MZ)
 Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
-			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1992 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	1992 Oct 18
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 23
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Sep 26
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
+			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	-03	1992 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1992 Oct 18
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 23
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Sep 26
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # San Luis (SL)
 
@@ -561,44 +533,44 @@ Rule	SanLuis	2007	2008	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
 
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990
-			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1990 Mar 14
-			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Jun  1
-			-3:00	-	ART	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	1:00	WARST	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Jan 21
-			-4:00	SanLuis	WAR%sT	2009 Oct 11
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990
+			-3:00	1:00	-02	1990 Mar 14
+			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
+			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Jun  1
+			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	1:00	-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Jan 21
+			-4:00	SanLuis	-04/-03	2009 Oct 11
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
 Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 30
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 30
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Aruba
 Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
@@ -608,7 +580,7 @@ Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
 Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
 			-4:32:36 1:00	BOST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
-			-4:00	-	BOT	# Bolivia Time
+			-4:00	-	-04
 
 # Brazil
 
@@ -960,12 +932,12 @@ Rule	Brazil	2038	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-2:00	-	FNT	1999 Sep 30
-			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2000 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	FNT	2001 Sep 13
-			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2002 Oct  1
-			-2:00	-	FNT
+			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	1990 Sep 17
+			-2:00	-	-02	1999 Sep 30
+			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2000 Oct 15
+			-2:00	-	-02	2001 Sep 13
+			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2002 Oct  1
+			-2:00	-	-02
 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
 # These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
 # Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
@@ -978,119 +950,119 @@ Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
 # the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-3:00	-	BRT
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1988 Sep 12
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # west Pará (PA)
 # West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
 Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	AMT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-3:00	-	BRT
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	-04	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
 # Paraíba (PB)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
-			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	BRT
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
+			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
 Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 15
-			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	BRT
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 15
+			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Tocantins (TO)
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	BRT	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2013 Sep
-			-3:00	-	BRT
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Sep 14
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
+			-3:00	-	-03	2012 Oct 21
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2013 Sep
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Oct 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Sep  4
-			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
-			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	BRT
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Oct 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1996 Sep  4
+			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
+			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Bahia (BA)
 # There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
 # of America/Salvador.
 Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	BRT	2011 Oct 16
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	-	BRT
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
+			-3:00	-	-03	2011 Oct 16
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2012 Oct 21
+			-3:00	-	-03
 #
 # Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
 # Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23  0:00
-			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1963 Oct 23  0:00
+			-3:00	1:00	-02	1964
+			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02
 #
 # Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
 Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
 #
 # Mato Grosso (MT)
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2003 Sep 24
-			-4:00	-	AMT	2004 Oct  1
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2003 Sep 24
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Oct  1
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
 #
 # Rondônia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	AMT
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	-04
 #
 # Roraima (RR)
 Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	AMT	1999 Sep 30
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2000 Oct 15
-			-4:00	-	AMT
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	-04	1999 Sep 30
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2000 Oct 15
+			-4:00	-	-04
 #
 # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 # east from west Amazonas.
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Sep 28
-			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Sep 22
-			-4:00	-	AMT
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	-04	1993 Sep 28
+			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1994 Sep 22
+			-4:00	-	-04
 #
 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
 #	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
 Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	ACT	1993 Sep 28
-			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1994 Sep 22
-			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
-			-5:00	-	ACT
+			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
+			-5:00	-	-05	1993 Sep 28
+			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1994 Sep 22
+			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
+			-5:00	-	-05
 #
 # Acre (AC)
 Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
-			-5:00	-	ACT
+			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
+			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
+			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
+			-5:00	-	-05
 
 # Chile
 
@@ -1235,6 +1207,18 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
 # Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
 
+# From Juan Correa (2016-12-04):
+# Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round....
+# http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx
+#
+# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
+# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-19):
+# The above says the Magallanes change expires 2019-05-11 at 24:00,
+# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that, which means
+# they will switch from -03 to -04 one hour after Santiago does that day.
+# For now, assume that they will not revert.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -1275,22 +1259,35 @@ Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	Aug	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	CLT	1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
+			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
-			-4:00	-	CLT	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
-			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1932 Sep  1
-			-4:00	-	CLT	1942 Jun  1
-			-5:00	-	CLT	1942 Aug  1
-			-4:00	-	CLT	1946 Jul 15
-			-4:00	1:00	CLST	1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
-			-4:00	-	CLT	1947 Apr  1
-			-5:00	-	CLT	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
+			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1946 Jul 15
+			-4:00	1:00	-03	1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
+			-4:00	-	-04	1947 Apr  1
+			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
+			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03
+Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 -	LMT	1890
+			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10
+			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
+			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
+			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
+			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	1947 Apr  1
+			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
+			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
+			-3:00	-	-03
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
-			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
-			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
+			-7:00	Chile	-07/-06	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
+			-6:00	Chile	-06/-05
 #
 # Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
@@ -1310,9 +1307,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1982 May
-			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1982 May
+			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Colombia
 
@@ -1325,7 +1323,7 @@ Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
-			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
+			-5:00	CO	-05/-04
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
@@ -1349,7 +1347,7 @@ Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
-			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+			-4:30	-	-0430	1965
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
@@ -1364,19 +1362,32 @@ Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 #
 # Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
-# Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
-# <http://midena.gov.ec/content/view/1261/208/> (2007-02-27) and
-# <http://www.hoy.com.ec/NoticiaNue.asp?row_id=249856> (2006-11-06) both
-# talk about "hora Sixto".  Leave this alone for now, as we have no data.
+# From Alois Treindl (2016-12-15):
+# http://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/hora-sixto-1993.html
+# ... Whether the law applied also to Galápagos, I do not know.
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-15):
+# http://www.elcomercio.com/afull/modificacion-husohorario-ecuador-presidentes-decreto.html
+# This says President Sixto Durán Ballén signed decree No. 285, which
+# established DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05; it does not give transition
+# times.  The people called it "hora de Sixto" ("Sixto hour").  The change did
+# not go over well; a popular song "Qué hora es" by Jaime Guevara had lyrics
+# that included "Amanecía en mitad de la noche, los guaguas iban a clase sin
+# sol" ("It was dawning in the middle of the night, the buses went to class
+# without sun").  Although Ballén's campaign slogan was "Ni un paso atrás"
+# (Not one step back), the clocks went back in 1993 and the experiment was not
+# repeated.  For now, assume transitions were at 00:00 local time country-wide.
+#
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Ecuador	1992	only	-	Nov	28	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Ecuador	1993	only	-	Feb	 5	0:00	0	-
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	ECT	# Ecuador Time
+			-5:00	Ecuador	-05/-04
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
-			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
-			-6:00	-	GALT	# Galápagos Time
+			-5:00	-	-05	1986
+			-6:00	Ecuador	-06/-05
 
 # Falklands
 
@@ -1476,25 +1487,24 @@ Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
-			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May    # Falkland Is Time
-			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep  5  2:00
-			-3:00	-	FKST
+			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	1983 May
+			-3:00	Falk	-03/-02	1985 Sep 15
+			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	2010 Sep  5  2:00
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # French Guiana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
-			-4:00	-	GFT	1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
-			-3:00	-	GFT
+			-4:00	-	-04	1967 Oct
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Guyana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar    # Georgetown
-			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
-			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
-			-3:00	-	GYT	1991
+			-3:45	-	-0345	1975 Jul 31
+			-3:00	-	-03	1991
 # IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
-			-4:00	-	GYT
+			-4:00	-	-04
 
 # Paraguay
 #
@@ -1586,9 +1596,9 @@ Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct    # Paraguay Time
-			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
-			-4:00	Para	PY%sT
+			-4:00	-	-04	1972 Oct
+			-3:00	-	-03	1974 Apr
+			-4:00	Para	-04/-03
 
 # Peru
 #
@@ -1615,12 +1625,12 @@ Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
-			-5:00	Peru	PE%sT	# Peru Time
+			-5:00	Peru	-05/-04
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
-			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
+			-2:00	-	-02
 
 # South Sandwich Is
 # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
@@ -1630,9 +1640,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
 			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
-			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
-			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct    # Suriname Time
-			-3:00	-	SRT
+			-3:30	-	-0330	1984 Oct
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Trinidad and Tobago
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1735,11 +1744,16 @@ Rule	Uruguay	2006	only	-	Mar	12	 2:00	0	-
 # [dated 2015-06-29; repeals Decree 311/006 dated 2006-09-04]
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	2014	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2007	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+
+# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
-			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
-			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT
+			-3:30	Uruguay	-0330/-03 1942 Dec 14
+			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1968
+			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1971
+			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1974
+			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1974 Dec 22
+			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02
 
 # Venezuela
 #
@@ -1773,7 +1787,7 @@ Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
-			-4:30	-	VET	1965 Jan  1  0:00 # Venezuela T.
-			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9  3:00
-			-4:30	-	VET	2016 May  1  2:30
-			-4:00	-	VET
+			-4:30	-	-0430	1965 Jan  1  0:00
+			-4:00	-	-04	2007 Dec  9  3:00
+			-4:30	-	-0430	2016 May  1  2:30
+			-4:00	-	-04
diff --git a/version b/version
index 72ca0d0ed199..c5bbdc4ead5d 100644
--- a/version
+++ b/version
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2016j
+2017b
diff --git a/zone.tab b/zone.tab
index f3ff0b6a2dba..204048cc5a63 100644
--- a/zone.tab
+++ b/zone.tab
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
 CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
+CL	-5309-07055	America/Punta_Arenas	Region of Magallanes
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
@@ -397,7 +398,6 @@ UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
 UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
-UM	+1645-16931	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
 UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
 US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
diff --git a/zone1970.tab b/zone1970.tab
index dc50f6d0540a..2bcdc64b888f 100644
--- a/zone1970.tab
+++ b/zone1970.tab
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ CH,DE,LI	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich	Swiss time
 CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
 CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
+CL	-5309-07055	America/Punta_Arenas	Region of Magallanes
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time