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author	Dag-Erling Smørgrav <des@FreeBSD.org>	2026-03-02 17:21:42 +0000
committer	Dag-Erling Smørgrav <des@FreeBSD.org>	2026-03-02 17:21:42 +0000
commit	cd59570c180e34a6716c2d61a3047ac2f9407795 (patch)
tree	b497c0ef940ed1c5c5bed2fa08b87e03d81b7924 /tz-link.html
parent	0d46d875e60091694abe5d38e0cbb4c8019bfd71 (diff)

vendor/tzcode/tzcode2026a vendor/tzcode

Diffstat (limited to 'tz-link.html')

-rw-r--r--

tz-link.html

139

1 files changed, 71 insertions, 68 deletions

diff --git a/tz-link.html b/tz-link.html
index 9267fb6f822b..5f1989f014b3 100644
--- a/tz-link.html
+++ b/tz-link.html

@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@

<head>

<title>Time zone and daylight saving time data</title>

+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

<style>

-pre {margin-left: 2em; white-space: pre-wrap;}

+dd {margin-left: 1.3rem;}

+pre {margin-left: 1.3rem; overflow: auto;}

+ul {padding-left: 1.3rem;}

</style>

</head>

<body>

@@ -18,7 +21,6 @@ histories and planned futures are often recorded only fitfully. Here

is a summary of attempts to organize and record relevant data in this

area.

</p>

- <h3>Outline</h3>

<nav>

<ul>

<li>The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database product and process

@@ -90,15 +92,15 @@ title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</abbr></a>,

title="Web Operating System">webOS</abbr></a>,

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX"><abbr

title="Advanced Interactive eXecutive">AIX</abbr></a>,

-<a href="https://www.apple.com/ios"><abbr

+<a href="https://www.apple.com/os/ios/"><abbr

title="iPhone OS">iOS</abbr></a>,

-<a href="https://www.apple.com/macos">macOS</a>,

+<a href="https://www.apple.com/os/macos/">macOS</a>,

<a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows">Microsoft Windows</a>,

-<a href="https://www.vmssoftware.com">Open<abbr

+<a href="https://vmssoftware.com">Open<abbr

title="Virtual Memory System">VMS</abbr></a>,

<a href="https://www.oracle.com/database/">Oracle Database</a>,

-<a href="https://www.oracle.com/solaris">Oracle Solaris</a>,

-and <a href="https://blackberry.qnx.com/en">QNX</a>.</p>

+<a href="https://www.oracle.com/solaris/solaris11/">Oracle Solaris</a>,

+and <a href="https://qnx.software/en">QNX</a>.</p>

<p>

Each main entry in the database represents a <dfn>timezone</dfn>

for a set of civil-time clocks that have all agreed since 1970.

@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@ title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure">HTTPS</abbr></a>,

title="remote sync">rsync</abbr></a>, and

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTP"><abbr

title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</abbr></a>.

-<p>Alternatively, a development repository of code and data can bem

+<p>Alternatively, a development repository of code and data can be

retrieved from <a href="https://github.com">GitHub</a> via the shell

command:</p>

<pre><code><a href="https://git-scm.com">git</a> clone <a href="https://github.com/eggert/tz">https://github.com/eggert/tz</a>

@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ data yourself. System-specific instructions for installing the

latest <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data have also been published

for <a href="https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/aix-time-zone-olson-tzdata-updates"><abbr>AIX</abbr></a>,

-href="https://source.android.com/devices/tech/config/timezone-rules">Android</a>,

+href="https://source.android.com/docs/core/permissions/timezone-rules">Android</a>,

href="https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/datetime/timezone/"><abbr

title="International Components for Unicode">ICU</abbr></a>,

@@ -287,7 +289,7 @@ community, and data distributors downstream.

<p>

If your government plans to change its time zone boundaries or

daylight saving rules, please send email as described in

-"<a href="#changes">Changes to the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database</a>".

+“<a href="#changes">Changes to the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database</a>”.

Do this well in advance,

as this will lessen confusion and will coordinate updates to many cell phones,

computers, and other devices around the world.

@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ year before it affects how clocks operate; otherwise, there is a good

chance that many clocks will be wrong due to delays in propagating updates,

and that residents will be confused or even actively resist the change.

The shorter the notice, the more likely clock problems will arise; see “<a

-href="https://codeofmatt.com/2016/04/23/on-the-timing-of-time-zone-changes/">On

+href="https://codeofmatt.com/on-the-timing-of-time-zone-changes/">On

the Timing of Time Zone Changes</a>” for examples.

</p>

</section>

@@ -439,7 +441,7 @@ transition in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database.</li>

Database Parser</a> is a

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++">C++</a> parser and

runtime library with a <a

-href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono"><code>std::chrono</code> API</a>

+href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono.html"><code>std::chrono</code> API</a>

that is a standard part of C++.

It is freely available under the

<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> license.</li>

@@ -469,7 +471,7 @@ Although its source code is proprietary, its executable is available under the

<a href="https://www.oracle.com/a/tech/docs/tzupdater-lic.html">Java SE

Timezone Updater License Agreement</a>.</li>

<li>The <a

-href="https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/java/jf14-date-time-2125367.html">Java

+href="https://www.oracle.com/technical-resources/articles/java/jf14-date-time.html">Java

SE 8 Date and Time</a> <abbr>API</abbr> can be supplemented by <a

href="https://www.threeten.org/threeten-extra/">ThreeTen-Extra</a>,

which is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>

@@ -481,7 +483,7 @@ Java 8 <code>java.time</code>, which its users should migrate to once

they can assume Java 8 or later. It is available under the <a

href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License</a>.</li>

<li><a href="https://bell-sw.com/pages/iana-updater/">IANA Updater</a> and <a

-href="https://www.azul.com/products/open-source-tools/ziupdater-time-zone-tool/">ZIUpdater</a>

+href="https://www.azul.com/products/components/ziupdater-time-zone-tool/">ZIUpdater</a>

are alternatives to TZUpdater. IANA Updater’s license is unclear;

ZIUpdater is licensed under the <abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li>

<li><a href="https://github.com/MenoData/Time4A">Time4A: Advanced date and

@@ -580,7 +582,7 @@ library that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into a time

zone repository whose format

is either proprietary or an <abbr>XML</abbr>-encoded

representation.</li>

-<li><a id="Tcl" href="https://tcl.tk">Tcl</a>

+<li><a id="Tcl" href="https://www.tcl-lang.org">Tcl</a>

contains a developer-oriented parser that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>

source into text files, along with a runtime that can read those

files. Tcl is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style

@@ -599,7 +601,7 @@ a <abbr>TZif</abbr> file reader.

This library is freely available under the LGPL

and is widely used in <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux systems.</li>

<li><a href="https://www.gnome.org">GNOME</a>’s

-<a href="https://developer.gnome.org/glib/">GLib</a> has

+<a href="https://docs.gtk.org/glib/">GLib</a> has

a <abbr>TZif</abbr> file reader written in C that

creates a <code>GTimeZone</code> object representing sets

of <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets.

@@ -613,7 +615,7 @@ the Apache License.</li>

library that translates between <abbr>UT</abbr> and civil time and

can read <abbr>TZif</abbr> files. It is freely available under the Apache

License.</li>

-<li>The <a href="https://golang.org">Go programming language</a>

+<li>The <a href="https://go.dev">Go programming language</a>

has a <abbr>TZif</abbr> file reader <a

href="https://pkg.go.dev/time#LoadLocationFromTZData"><code>LoadLocationFromTZData</code></a>.</li>

<li>The

@@ -629,7 +631,7 @@ The package is freely available under the MIT license.</li>

<li><a href="https://github.com/derickr/timelib">Timelib</a> is a C

library that reads <abbr>TZif</abbr> files and converts

timestamps from one time zone or format to another.

-It is used by <a href="https://secure.php.net"><abbr

+It is used by <a href="https://www.php.net"><abbr

title="PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor">PHP</abbr></a>,

<a href="https://hhvm.com"><abbr title="HipHop Virtual Machine">HHVM</abbr></a>,

and <a href="https://www.mongodb.com">MongoDB</a>.

@@ -673,20 +675,20 @@ available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>

<li><a href="https://foxclocks.org">FoxClocks</a>

is an extension for <a href="https://www.google.com/chrome/">Google

Chrome</a>, <a

-href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/">Firefox</a> and <a

-href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/">Thunderbird</a>.

+href="https://www.firefox.com/en-US/">Firefox</a> and <a

+href="https://www.thunderbird.net/en-US/">Thunderbird</a>.

It displays multiple clocks in the application window, and has a mapping

-interface to <a href="https://www.google.com/earth/">Google Earth</a>.

+interface to <a href="https://earth.google.com/web/">Google Earth</a>.

It is freely available under the <abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li>

<li>Microsoft Windows 8.1

and later has <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data and <abbr>CLDR</abbr>

data (mentioned <a href="#CLDR">below</a>) used by the

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Runtime">Windows Runtime</a> /

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a> classes

-<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/Windows.Globalization.DateTimeFormatting.DateTimeFormatter"><code>DateTimeFormatter</code></a> and

-<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.globalization.calendar"><code>Calendar</code></a>.

+<a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/uwp/api/Windows.Globalization.DateTimeFormatting.DateTimeFormatter"><code>DateTimeFormatter</code></a> and

+<a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/uwp/api/windows.globalization.calendar"><code>Calendar</code></a>.

<a id="System.TimeZoneInfo"

-href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/bclteam/2007/06/07/exploring-windows-time-zones-with-system-timezoneinfo-josh-free/">Exploring

+href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/bclteam/exploring-windows-time-zones-with-system-timezoneinfo-josh-free">Exploring

Windows Time Zones with <code>System.TimeZoneInfo</code></a> describes

the older, proprietary method of Microsoft Windows 2000 and later,

which stores time zone data in the

@@ -694,13 +696,15 @@ which stores time zone data in the

href="https://unicode.org/cldr/charts/latest/supplemental/zone_tzid.html">Zone

→ Tzid table</a> or <a

-href="https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/master/common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml"><abbr>XML</abbr>

+href="https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/main/common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml"><abbr>XML</abbr>

file</a> of the <abbr>CLDR</abbr> data maps proprietary zone IDs

to <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> names.

-These mappings can be performed programmatically via the <a href="https://github.com/mj1856/TimeZoneConverter">TimeZoneConverter</a> .NET library,

+These mappings can be performed programmatically via the

+<a href="https://github.com/mattjohnsonpint/TimeZoneConverter">TimeZoneConverter</a>

+.NET library,

or the ICU Java and C++ libraries mentioned <a href="#ICU">above</a>.

<li><a

-href="https://www.oracle.com/java/index.html">Oracle

+href="https://www.oracle.com/java/">Oracle

Java</a> contains a copy of a subset of a recent

<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database in a

Java-specific format.</li>

@@ -713,8 +717,8 @@ Java-specific format.</li>

<li><a href="https://www.astro.com/atlas">Time-zone Atlas</a>

is Astrodienst’s Web version of Shanks and Pottenger’s out-of-print

time zone history atlases

-<a href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/468828649">for the US</a> and

-<a href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76950459">for the world</a>.

+<a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/468828649">for the US</a> and

+<a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/76950459">for the world</a>.

Although these extensive atlases

<a href="https://astrologynewsservice.com/opinion/how-astrologers-contributed-to-the-information-age-a-brief-history-of-time/">were

sources for much of the older <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data</a>,

@@ -728,7 +732,7 @@ its own <code>tztab</code>(4) format.</li>

<li><a href="https://www.worldtimeserver.com">World Time Server</a>

is another time zone database.</li>

<li>The <a

-href="https://www.iata.org/publications/store/Pages/standard-schedules-information.aspx">Standard

+href="https://www.iata.org/en/publications/manuals/standard-schedules-information">Standard

Schedules Information Manual</a> of the

International Air Transport Association

gives current time zone rules for airports served by commercial aviation.</li>

@@ -738,31 +742,24 @@ gives current time zone rules for airports served by commercial aviation.</li>

<ul>

-<li>The <a

-href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/maps/world-regional/">World

-and Regional Maps section</a> of <em>The World Factbook</em>, published by the

-<a href="https://www.cia.gov">US Central Intelligence

-Agency (<abbr

-title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</abbr>)</a>, contains a time

-zone map; the

-<a

-href="https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html">Perry–Castañeda

-Library Map Collection</a>

-of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of

-recent editions.

-The pictorial quality is good,

-but the maps do not indicate daylight saving time,

-and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li>

<li><a href="https://www.worldtimezone.com">World Time Zone Map

with current time</a>

-has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.

-The maps’ pictorial quality is not quite as good as the <abbr>CIA</abbr>’s

-but the maps are more up to date.</li>

+has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.</li>

<li><a

href="https://blog.poormansmath.net/how-much-is-time-wrong-around-the-world/">How

much is time wrong around the world?</a> maps the difference between

mean solar and standard time, highlighting areas such as western China

where the two differ greatly. It’s a bit out of date, unfortunately.</li>

+<li>The

+<a

+href="https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html">Perry–Castañeda

+Library Map Collection</a> of the University of Texas at Austin has

+copies of old maps taken from <a

+href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook"><em>The

+World Factbook</em></a>, formerly published by the

+<a href="https://www.cia.gov">US Central Intelligence Agency</a>.

+Although the maps’ pictorial quality is good,

+the maps do not indicate daylight saving time.</li>

</ul>

</section>

@@ -788,7 +785,7 @@ for looking up a timezone name from a GPS coordinate.</li>

the <a

href="https://www.geonames.org/export/web-services.html#timezone">GeoNames

Timezone web service</a>, the <a

-href="https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/timezone/intro">Google

+href="https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/timezone/overview">Google

Maps Time Zone API</a>, and

the <a href="https://timezonedb.com/api">TimeZoneDB API</a>.

Commercial network API access is provided

@@ -799,7 +796,7 @@ and <a href="https://www.geogarage.com/blog/news-1/post/geogarage-time-zone-api-

href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16086962/how-to-get-a-time-zone-from-a-location-using-latitude-and-longitude-coordinates/16086964">How

to get a time zone from a location using latitude and longitude

coordinates?</a>” discusses other geolocation possibilities.</li>

-<li><a href="http://statoids.com/statoids.html">Administrative

+<li><a href="https://statoids.com/statoids.html">Administrative

Divisions of Countries (“Statoids”)</a> lists

political subdivision data related to time zones.</li>

<li><a href="https://manifold.net/info/freestuff.shtml">Manifold Software

@@ -826,7 +823,7 @@ common.</li>

Walk through Time</a>

surveys the evolution of timekeeping.</li>

<li>The history of daylight saving time is surveyed in <a

-href="http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight

+href="https://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight

Saving Time – History, rationale, laws & dates</a> and summarized in

<a href="http://seizethedaylight.com/dst/">A Brief

History of Daylight Saving Time</a>.</li>

@@ -839,7 +836,7 @@ deal with civil time.</li>

<li><a href="https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm">A History of

the International Date Line</a> tells the story of the most important

time zone boundary.</li>

-<li><a href="http://statoids.com/tconcept.html">Basic Time

+<li><a href="https://statoids.com/tconcept.html">Basic Time

Zone Concepts</a> discusses terminological issues behind time zones.</li>

</ul>

</section>

@@ -886,7 +883,7 @@ hreflang="cs">When daylight saving time starts and ends (in Czech)</a>

summarizes and cites historical <abbr>DST</abbr> regulations.</dd>

<dt>Germany</dt>

<dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a

-href="https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-441/realisation-of-legal-time-in-germany.html">Realisation

+href="https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-441/realisation-of-legal-time-in-germany.html">Realisation

of Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd>

<dt>Israel</dt>

<dd><a

@@ -906,8 +903,8 @@ hreflang="nl">Legal time in the Netherlands (in Dutch)</a>

covers the history of local time in the Netherlands from ancient times.</dd>

<dt>New Zealand</dt>

<dd>The Department of Internal Affairs maintains a brief <a

-href="https://www.dia.govt.nz/Daylight-Saving-History">History of

-Daylight Saving</a>.</dd>

+href="https://www.govt.nz/browse/recreation-and-the-environment/daylight-saving/history-of-daylight-saving-in-nz/">History

+of Daylight Saving in NZ</a>.</dd>

<dt>Palestine</dt>

<dd>The Ministry of Telecom and Digital Economy publishes a <a

href="https://mtde.gov.ps/home/TimeZone"

@@ -969,11 +966,17 @@ subtropical regions consume more electricity because of <abbr>DST</abbr>.”</li

<li>Neumann P, von Blanckenburg K. <a

href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0961463X241310562">What

time will it be? A comprehensive literature review on daylight saving time</a>.

-<em>Time Soc</em>. 2025-01-21.

+<em>Time Soc</em>. 2025;34(4):684–745.

doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X241310562">10.1177/0961463X241310562</a>.

-This reviews DST’s effects on electricity, health, crime, road safety,

-and the economy, focusing on research since 2010, and concludes that

-year-round standard time is preferable overall.

+This reviews <abbr>DST</abbr>’s effects on electricity, health, crime, road

+safety, and the economy, focusing on research since 2010, and concludes that

+year-round standard time is preferable overall.</li>

+<li>Romigi A, Franco V, Scoditti E <em>et al</em>.

+The effects of daylight saving time and clock time transitions on sleep and

+sleepiness: a systematic review. <em>Sleep Med Rev.</em> 2025;84:102161. doi:<a

+href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102161">10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102161</a>.

+This reviews <abbr>DST</abbr> and <abbr>DST</abbr> transitions,

+and concludes that they both harm sleep, health and behavior.</li>

</ul>

<p>The following medical societies have taken positions on the

@@ -981,14 +984,14 @@ advisability of clock shifts:</p>

<ul>

<li>In 2022 the American Medical Association issued a

-<a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/ama-calls-permanent-standard-time">statement

+<a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/ama-press-releases/ama-calls-permanent-standard-time">statement

supporting permanent standard time</a> on health grounds.</li>

<li>Crawford MR, Winnebeck EC, von Schantz M <em>et al</em>.

<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsr.14352">The

British Sleep Society position statement on Daylight Saving Time in the UK</a>.

<em>J Sleep Res.</em> 2025;34(3):e14352.

doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14352">10.1111/jsr.14352</a>.

-This recommends that the UK abolish DST for health reasons.</li>

+This recommends that the UK abolish <abbr>DST</abbr> for health reasons.</li>

<li>Malow BA. <a

href="https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/45/12/zsac236/6717940">It is time

to abolish the clock change and adopt permanent

@@ -996,7 +999,7 @@ standard time in the United States:

a Sleep Research Society position statement</a>.

<em>Sleep.</em> 2022;45(12):zsac236.

doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac236">10.1093/sleep/zsac236</a>.

-After reviewing the scientific literature, the Sleep Research Society

+The Sleep Research Society

advocates permanent standard time due to its health benefits.</li>

<li>Rishi MA, Cheng JY, Strang AR <em>et al</em>.

<a href="https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.10898">Permanent standard time

@@ -1037,7 +1040,7 @@ Internet hosts.</li>

family of software algorithms can achieve accuracy to a few tens of

nanoseconds in scalable server farms without special hardware.</li>

<li>The <a

-href="https://www.nist.gov/intelligent-systems-division/ieee-1588">Precision

+href="https://www.nist.gov/el/intelligent-systems-division-73500/ieee-1588">Precision

Time Protocol</a> (<abbr

title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</abbr> 1588)

can achieve submicrosecond clock accuracy on a local area network

@@ -1065,7 +1068,7 @@ code for converting among time scales like

<abbr title="International Atomic Time">TAI</abbr>,

<abbr>TDB</abbr>, <abbr>TDT</abbr> and

<abbr>UTC</abbr>. It is freely available under the

-<a href="https://www.iausofa.org/tandc.html">SOFA license</a>.</li>

+<a href="https://www.iausofa.org/terms-and-conditions">SOFA license</a>.</li>

<li><a

href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Mars24 Sunclock

– Time on Mars</a> describes Airy Mean Time (<abbr>AMT</abbr>) and the

@@ -1121,8 +1124,8 @@ leap second so that they disagree with <abbr>UTC</abbr> by at most a

half second, even though every <abbr>POSIX</abbr> minute has exactly

sixty seconds. This approach works with the default <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>

<code>"posix"</code> configuration, is <a

-href="http://bk1.ntp.org/ntp-stable/README.leapsmear">supported</a> by

-the abovementioned <abbr>NTP</abbr> implementations, <a

+href="https://gitlab.com/NTPsec/ntpsec/-/blob/master/docs/leapsmear.adoc">supported</a>

+by the abovementioned <abbr>NTP</abbr> implementations, <a

href="https://github.com/google/unsmear">supports</a> conversion between

<abbr>UTC</abbr> and smeared <abbr>POSIX</abbr> timestamps, and is used by major

cloud service providers. However, according to

@@ -1134,7 +1137,7 @@ and is intended for use only in single, well-controlled environments.</li>

<li>The <a

href="https://pairlist6.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs">Leap

Second Discussion List</a> covers <a

-href="https://www2.unb.ca/gge/Resources/gpsworld.november99.pdf">McCarthy

+href="https://gge.ext.unb.ca/Resources/gpsworld.november99.pdf">McCarthy

and Klepczynski’s 1999 proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>,

discussed further in

<a href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf">The

@@ -1154,7 +1157,7 @@ would replace leap seconds with seven 13-second leap smears occurring once per

decade until 2100, with leap smears after that gradually increasing in size.

See:

<ul>

-<li>Levine J. <a href="https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202406.0043/v1">A

+<li>Levine J. <a href="https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202406.0043">A

proposal to change the leap-second adjustments to

coordinated universal time</a>. <em>Metrologia.</em> 2024;61(5):055002. doi:<a

href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad6266">10.1088/1681-7575/ad6266</a>.</li>