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+//===-- MachineFunctionSplitter.cpp - Split machine functions //-----------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// \file
+// Uses profile information to split out cold blocks.
+//
+// This pass splits out cold machine basic blocks from the parent function. This
+// implementation leverages the basic block section framework. Blocks marked
+// cold by this pass are grouped together in a separate section prefixed with
+// ".text.unlikely.*". The linker can then group these together as a cold
+// section. The split part of the function is a contiguous region identified by
+// the symbol "foo.cold". Grouping all cold blocks across functions together
+// decreases fragmentation and improves icache and itlb utilization. Note that
+// the overall changes to the binary size are negligible; only a small number of
+// additional jump instructions may be introduced.
+//
+// For the original RFC of this pass please see
+// https://groups.google.com/d/msg/llvm-dev/RUegaMg-iqc/wFAVxa6fCgAJ
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/BlockFrequencyInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/BranchProbabilityInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/EHUtils.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/ProfileSummaryInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/BasicBlockSectionUtils.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBlockFrequencyInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineModuleInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetInstrInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+#include <optional>
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+// FIXME: This cutoff value is CPU dependent and should be moved to
+// TargetTransformInfo once we consider enabling this on other platforms.
+// The value is expressed as a ProfileSummaryInfo integer percentile cutoff.
+// Defaults to 999950, i.e. all blocks colder than 99.995 percentile are split.
+// The default was empirically determined to be optimal when considering cutoff
+// values between 99%-ile to 100%-ile with respect to iTLB and icache metrics on
+// Intel CPUs.
+static cl::opt<unsigned>
+ PercentileCutoff("mfs-psi-cutoff",
+ cl::desc("Percentile profile summary cutoff used to "
+ "determine cold blocks. Unused if set to zero."),
+ cl::init(999950), cl::Hidden);
+
+static cl::opt<unsigned> ColdCountThreshold(
+ "mfs-count-threshold",
+ cl::desc(
+ "Minimum number of times a block must be executed to be retained."),
+ cl::init(1), cl::Hidden);
+
+static cl::opt<bool> SplitAllEHCode(
+ "mfs-split-ehcode",
+ cl::desc("Splits all EH code and it's descendants by default."),
+ cl::init(false), cl::Hidden);
+
+namespace {
+
+class MachineFunctionSplitter : public MachineFunctionPass {
+public:
+ static char ID;
+ MachineFunctionSplitter() : MachineFunctionPass(ID) {
+ initializeMachineFunctionSplitterPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
+ }
+
+ StringRef getPassName() const override {
+ return "Machine Function Splitter Transformation";
+ }
+
+ void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override;
+
+ bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &F) override;
+};
+} // end anonymous namespace
+
+/// setDescendantEHBlocksCold - This splits all EH pads and blocks reachable
+/// only by EH pad as cold. This will help mark EH pads statically cold
+/// instead of relying on profile data.
+static void setDescendantEHBlocksCold(MachineFunction &MF) {
+ DenseSet<MachineBasicBlock *> EHBlocks;
+ computeEHOnlyBlocks(MF, EHBlocks);
+ for (auto Block : EHBlocks) {
+ Block->setSectionID(MBBSectionID::ColdSectionID);
+ }
+}
+
+static void finishAdjustingBasicBlocksAndLandingPads(MachineFunction &MF) {
+ auto Comparator = [](const MachineBasicBlock &X, const MachineBasicBlock &Y) {
+ return X.getSectionID().Type < Y.getSectionID().Type;
+ };
+ llvm::sortBasicBlocksAndUpdateBranches(MF, Comparator);
+ llvm::avoidZeroOffsetLandingPad(MF);
+}
+
+static bool isColdBlock(const MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
+ const MachineBlockFrequencyInfo *MBFI,
+ ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI) {
+ std::optional<uint64_t> Count = MBFI->getBlockProfileCount(&MBB);
+
+ // Temporary hack to cope with AArch64's jump table encoding
+ const TargetInstrInfo &TII = *MBB.getParent()->getSubtarget().getInstrInfo();
+ if (!TII.isMBBSafeToSplitToCold(MBB))
+ return false;
+
+ // For instrumentation profiles and sample profiles, we use different ways
+ // to judge whether a block is cold and should be split.
+ if (PSI->hasInstrumentationProfile() || PSI->hasCSInstrumentationProfile()) {
+ // If using instrument profile, which is deemed "accurate", no count means
+ // cold.
+ if (!Count)
+ return true;
+ if (PercentileCutoff > 0)
+ return PSI->isColdCountNthPercentile(PercentileCutoff, *Count);
+ // Fallthrough to end of function.
+ } else if (PSI->hasSampleProfile()) {
+ // For sample profile, no count means "do not judege coldness".
+ if (!Count)
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ return (*Count < ColdCountThreshold);
+}
+
+bool MachineFunctionSplitter::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) {
+ // We target functions with profile data. Static information in the form
+ // of exception handling code may be split to cold if user passes the
+ // mfs-split-ehcode flag.
+ bool UseProfileData = MF.getFunction().hasProfileData();
+ if (!UseProfileData && !SplitAllEHCode)
+ return false;
+
+ const TargetInstrInfo &TII = *MF.getSubtarget().getInstrInfo();
+ if (!TII.isFunctionSafeToSplit(MF))
+ return false;
+
+ // Renumbering blocks here preserves the order of the blocks as
+ // sortBasicBlocksAndUpdateBranches uses the numeric identifier to sort
+ // blocks. Preserving the order of blocks is essential to retaining decisions
+ // made by prior passes such as MachineBlockPlacement.
+ MF.RenumberBlocks();
+ MF.setBBSectionsType(BasicBlockSection::Preset);
+
+ MachineBlockFrequencyInfo *MBFI = nullptr;
+ ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI = nullptr;
+ if (UseProfileData) {
+ MBFI = &getAnalysis<MachineBlockFrequencyInfo>();
+ PSI = &getAnalysis<ProfileSummaryInfoWrapperPass>().getPSI();
+ // If we don't have a good profile (sample profile is not deemed
+ // as a "good profile") and the function is not hot, then early
+ // return. (Because we can only trust hot functions when profile
+ // quality is not good.)
+ if (PSI->hasSampleProfile() && !PSI->isFunctionHotInCallGraph(&MF, *MBFI)) {
+ // Split all EH code and it's descendant statically by default.
+ if (SplitAllEHCode)
+ setDescendantEHBlocksCold(MF);
+ finishAdjustingBasicBlocksAndLandingPads(MF);
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ SmallVector<MachineBasicBlock *, 2> LandingPads;
+ for (auto &MBB : MF) {
+ if (MBB.isEntryBlock())
+ continue;
+
+ if (MBB.isEHPad())
+ LandingPads.push_back(&MBB);
+ else if (UseProfileData && isColdBlock(MBB, MBFI, PSI) && !SplitAllEHCode)
+ MBB.setSectionID(MBBSectionID::ColdSectionID);
+ }
+
+ // Split all EH code and it's descendant statically by default.
+ if (SplitAllEHCode)
+ setDescendantEHBlocksCold(MF);
+ // We only split out eh pads if all of them are cold.
+ else {
+ // Here we have UseProfileData == true.
+ bool HasHotLandingPads = false;
+ for (const MachineBasicBlock *LP : LandingPads) {
+ if (!isColdBlock(*LP, MBFI, PSI))
+ HasHotLandingPads = true;
+ }
+ if (!HasHotLandingPads) {
+ for (MachineBasicBlock *LP : LandingPads)
+ LP->setSectionID(MBBSectionID::ColdSectionID);
+ }
+ }
+
+ finishAdjustingBasicBlocksAndLandingPads(MF);
+ return true;
+}
+
+void MachineFunctionSplitter::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
+ AU.addRequired<MachineModuleInfoWrapperPass>();
+ AU.addRequired<MachineBlockFrequencyInfo>();
+ AU.addRequired<ProfileSummaryInfoWrapperPass>();
+}
+
+char MachineFunctionSplitter::ID = 0;
+INITIALIZE_PASS(MachineFunctionSplitter, "machine-function-splitter",
+ "Split machine functions using profile information", false,
+ false)
+
+MachineFunctionPass *llvm::createMachineFunctionSplitterPass() {
+ return new MachineFunctionSplitter();
+}