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+//===- LoopDeletion.cpp - Dead Loop Deletion Pass ---------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file implements the Dead Loop Deletion Pass. This pass is responsible
+// for eliminating loops with non-infinite computable trip counts that have no
+// side effects or volatile instructions, and do not contribute to the
+// computation of the function's return value.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/LoopDeletion.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/GlobalsModRef.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopPass.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/MemorySSA.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/PatternMatch.h"
+#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/LoopPassManager.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/LoopUtils.h"
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "loop-delete"
+
+STATISTIC(NumDeleted, "Number of loops deleted");
+
+enum class LoopDeletionResult {
+ Unmodified,
+ Modified,
+ Deleted,
+};
+
+static LoopDeletionResult merge(LoopDeletionResult A, LoopDeletionResult B) {
+ if (A == LoopDeletionResult::Deleted || B == LoopDeletionResult::Deleted)
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Deleted;
+ if (A == LoopDeletionResult::Modified || B == LoopDeletionResult::Modified)
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Modified;
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified;
+}
+
+/// Determines if a loop is dead.
+///
+/// This assumes that we've already checked for unique exit and exiting blocks,
+/// and that the code is in LCSSA form.
+static bool isLoopDead(Loop *L, ScalarEvolution &SE,
+ SmallVectorImpl<BasicBlock *> &ExitingBlocks,
+ BasicBlock *ExitBlock, bool &Changed,
+ BasicBlock *Preheader) {
+ // Make sure that all PHI entries coming from the loop are loop invariant.
+ // Because the code is in LCSSA form, any values used outside of the loop
+ // must pass through a PHI in the exit block, meaning that this check is
+ // sufficient to guarantee that no loop-variant values are used outside
+ // of the loop.
+ bool AllEntriesInvariant = true;
+ bool AllOutgoingValuesSame = true;
+ if (!L->hasNoExitBlocks()) {
+ for (PHINode &P : ExitBlock->phis()) {
+ Value *incoming = P.getIncomingValueForBlock(ExitingBlocks[0]);
+
+ // Make sure all exiting blocks produce the same incoming value for the
+ // block. If there are different incoming values for different exiting
+ // blocks, then it is impossible to statically determine which value
+ // should be used.
+ AllOutgoingValuesSame =
+ all_of(makeArrayRef(ExitingBlocks).slice(1), [&](BasicBlock *BB) {
+ return incoming == P.getIncomingValueForBlock(BB);
+ });
+
+ if (!AllOutgoingValuesSame)
+ break;
+
+ if (Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(incoming))
+ if (!L->makeLoopInvariant(I, Changed, Preheader->getTerminator())) {
+ AllEntriesInvariant = false;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (Changed)
+ SE.forgetLoopDispositions(L);
+
+ if (!AllEntriesInvariant || !AllOutgoingValuesSame)
+ return false;
+
+ // Make sure that no instructions in the block have potential side-effects.
+ // This includes instructions that could write to memory, and loads that are
+ // marked volatile.
+ for (auto &I : L->blocks())
+ if (any_of(*I, [](Instruction &I) {
+ return I.mayHaveSideEffects() && !I.isDroppable();
+ }))
+ return false;
+ return true;
+}
+
+/// This function returns true if there is no viable path from the
+/// entry block to the header of \p L. Right now, it only does
+/// a local search to save compile time.
+static bool isLoopNeverExecuted(Loop *L) {
+ using namespace PatternMatch;
+
+ auto *Preheader = L->getLoopPreheader();
+ // TODO: We can relax this constraint, since we just need a loop
+ // predecessor.
+ assert(Preheader && "Needs preheader!");
+
+ if (Preheader == &Preheader->getParent()->getEntryBlock())
+ return false;
+ // All predecessors of the preheader should have a constant conditional
+ // branch, with the loop's preheader as not-taken.
+ for (auto *Pred: predecessors(Preheader)) {
+ BasicBlock *Taken, *NotTaken;
+ ConstantInt *Cond;
+ if (!match(Pred->getTerminator(),
+ m_Br(m_ConstantInt(Cond), Taken, NotTaken)))
+ return false;
+ if (!Cond->getZExtValue())
+ std::swap(Taken, NotTaken);
+ if (Taken == Preheader)
+ return false;
+ }
+ assert(!pred_empty(Preheader) &&
+ "Preheader should have predecessors at this point!");
+ // All the predecessors have the loop preheader as not-taken target.
+ return true;
+}
+
+/// If we can prove the backedge is untaken, remove it. This destroys the
+/// loop, but leaves the (now trivially loop invariant) control flow and
+/// side effects (if any) in place.
+static LoopDeletionResult
+breakBackedgeIfNotTaken(Loop *L, DominatorTree &DT, ScalarEvolution &SE,
+ LoopInfo &LI, MemorySSA *MSSA,
+ OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE) {
+ assert(L->isLCSSAForm(DT) && "Expected LCSSA!");
+
+ if (!L->getLoopLatch())
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified;
+
+ auto *BTC = SE.getBackedgeTakenCount(L);
+ if (!BTC->isZero())
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified;
+
+ breakLoopBackedge(L, DT, SE, LI, MSSA);
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Deleted;
+}
+
+/// Remove a loop if it is dead.
+///
+/// A loop is considered dead either if it does not impact the observable
+/// behavior of the program other than finite running time, or if it is
+/// required to make progress by an attribute such as 'mustprogress' or
+/// 'llvm.loop.mustprogress' and does not make any. This may remove
+/// infinite loops that have been required to make progress.
+///
+/// This entire process relies pretty heavily on LoopSimplify form and LCSSA in
+/// order to make various safety checks work.
+///
+/// \returns true if any changes were made. This may mutate the loop even if it
+/// is unable to delete it due to hoisting trivially loop invariant
+/// instructions out of the loop.
+static LoopDeletionResult deleteLoopIfDead(Loop *L, DominatorTree &DT,
+ ScalarEvolution &SE, LoopInfo &LI,
+ MemorySSA *MSSA,
+ OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE) {
+ assert(L->isLCSSAForm(DT) && "Expected LCSSA!");
+
+ // We can only remove the loop if there is a preheader that we can branch from
+ // after removing it. Also, if LoopSimplify form is not available, stay out
+ // of trouble.
+ BasicBlock *Preheader = L->getLoopPreheader();
+ if (!Preheader || !L->hasDedicatedExits()) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(
+ dbgs()
+ << "Deletion requires Loop with preheader and dedicated exits.\n");
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified;
+ }
+
+ BasicBlock *ExitBlock = L->getUniqueExitBlock();
+
+ if (ExitBlock && isLoopNeverExecuted(L)) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Loop is proven to never execute, delete it!");
+ // We need to forget the loop before setting the incoming values of the exit
+ // phis to undef, so we properly invalidate the SCEV expressions for those
+ // phis.
+ SE.forgetLoop(L);
+ // Set incoming value to undef for phi nodes in the exit block.
+ for (PHINode &P : ExitBlock->phis()) {
+ std::fill(P.incoming_values().begin(), P.incoming_values().end(),
+ UndefValue::get(P.getType()));
+ }
+ ORE.emit([&]() {
+ return OptimizationRemark(DEBUG_TYPE, "NeverExecutes", L->getStartLoc(),
+ L->getHeader())
+ << "Loop deleted because it never executes";
+ });
+ deleteDeadLoop(L, &DT, &SE, &LI, MSSA);
+ ++NumDeleted;
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Deleted;
+ }
+
+ // The remaining checks below are for a loop being dead because all statements
+ // in the loop are invariant.
+ SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 4> ExitingBlocks;
+ L->getExitingBlocks(ExitingBlocks);
+
+ // We require that the loop has at most one exit block. Otherwise, we'd be in
+ // the situation of needing to be able to solve statically which exit block
+ // will be branched to, or trying to preserve the branching logic in a loop
+ // invariant manner.
+ if (!ExitBlock && !L->hasNoExitBlocks()) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Deletion requires at most one exit block.\n");
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified;
+ }
+ // Finally, we have to check that the loop really is dead.
+ bool Changed = false;
+ if (!isLoopDead(L, SE, ExitingBlocks, ExitBlock, Changed, Preheader)) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Loop is not invariant, cannot delete.\n");
+ return Changed ? LoopDeletionResult::Modified
+ : LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified;
+ }
+
+ // Don't remove loops for which we can't solve the trip count unless the loop
+ // was required to make progress but has been determined to be dead.
+ const SCEV *S = SE.getConstantMaxBackedgeTakenCount(L);
+ if (isa<SCEVCouldNotCompute>(S) &&
+ !L->getHeader()->getParent()->mustProgress() && !hasMustProgress(L)) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Could not compute SCEV MaxBackedgeTakenCount and was "
+ "not required to make progress.\n");
+ return Changed ? LoopDeletionResult::Modified
+ : LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified;
+ }
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Loop is invariant, delete it!");
+ ORE.emit([&]() {
+ return OptimizationRemark(DEBUG_TYPE, "Invariant", L->getStartLoc(),
+ L->getHeader())
+ << "Loop deleted because it is invariant";
+ });
+ deleteDeadLoop(L, &DT, &SE, &LI, MSSA);
+ ++NumDeleted;
+
+ return LoopDeletionResult::Deleted;
+}
+
+PreservedAnalyses LoopDeletionPass::run(Loop &L, LoopAnalysisManager &AM,
+ LoopStandardAnalysisResults &AR,
+ LPMUpdater &Updater) {
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Analyzing Loop for deletion: ");
+ LLVM_DEBUG(L.dump());
+ std::string LoopName = std::string(L.getName());
+ // For the new PM, we can't use OptimizationRemarkEmitter as an analysis
+ // pass. Function analyses need to be preserved across loop transformations
+ // but ORE cannot be preserved (see comment before the pass definition).
+ OptimizationRemarkEmitter ORE(L.getHeader()->getParent());
+ auto Result = deleteLoopIfDead(&L, AR.DT, AR.SE, AR.LI, AR.MSSA, ORE);
+
+ // If we can prove the backedge isn't taken, just break it and be done. This
+ // leaves the loop structure in place which means it can handle dispatching
+ // to the right exit based on whatever loop invariant structure remains.
+ if (Result != LoopDeletionResult::Deleted)
+ Result = merge(Result, breakBackedgeIfNotTaken(&L, AR.DT, AR.SE, AR.LI,
+ AR.MSSA, ORE));
+
+ if (Result == LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified)
+ return PreservedAnalyses::all();
+
+ if (Result == LoopDeletionResult::Deleted)
+ Updater.markLoopAsDeleted(L, LoopName);
+
+ auto PA = getLoopPassPreservedAnalyses();
+ if (AR.MSSA)
+ PA.preserve<MemorySSAAnalysis>();
+ return PA;
+}
+
+namespace {
+class LoopDeletionLegacyPass : public LoopPass {
+public:
+ static char ID; // Pass ID, replacement for typeid
+ LoopDeletionLegacyPass() : LoopPass(ID) {
+ initializeLoopDeletionLegacyPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
+ }
+
+ // Possibly eliminate loop L if it is dead.
+ bool runOnLoop(Loop *L, LPPassManager &) override;
+
+ void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
+ AU.addPreserved<MemorySSAWrapperPass>();
+ getLoopAnalysisUsage(AU);
+ }
+};
+}
+
+char LoopDeletionLegacyPass::ID = 0;
+INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(LoopDeletionLegacyPass, "loop-deletion",
+ "Delete dead loops", false, false)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(LoopPass)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_END(LoopDeletionLegacyPass, "loop-deletion",
+ "Delete dead loops", false, false)
+
+Pass *llvm::createLoopDeletionPass() { return new LoopDeletionLegacyPass(); }
+
+bool LoopDeletionLegacyPass::runOnLoop(Loop *L, LPPassManager &LPM) {
+ if (skipLoop(L))
+ return false;
+ DominatorTree &DT = getAnalysis<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>().getDomTree();
+ ScalarEvolution &SE = getAnalysis<ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass>().getSE();
+ LoopInfo &LI = getAnalysis<LoopInfoWrapperPass>().getLoopInfo();
+ auto *MSSAAnalysis = getAnalysisIfAvailable<MemorySSAWrapperPass>();
+ MemorySSA *MSSA = nullptr;
+ if (MSSAAnalysis)
+ MSSA = &MSSAAnalysis->getMSSA();
+ // For the old PM, we can't use OptimizationRemarkEmitter as an analysis
+ // pass. Function analyses need to be preserved across loop transformations
+ // but ORE cannot be preserved (see comment before the pass definition).
+ OptimizationRemarkEmitter ORE(L->getHeader()->getParent());
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Analyzing Loop for deletion: ");
+ LLVM_DEBUG(L->dump());
+
+ LoopDeletionResult Result = deleteLoopIfDead(L, DT, SE, LI, MSSA, ORE);
+
+ // If we can prove the backedge isn't taken, just break it and be done. This
+ // leaves the loop structure in place which means it can handle dispatching
+ // to the right exit based on whatever loop invariant structure remains.
+ if (Result != LoopDeletionResult::Deleted)
+ Result = merge(Result, breakBackedgeIfNotTaken(L, DT, SE, LI, MSSA, ORE));
+
+ if (Result == LoopDeletionResult::Deleted)
+ LPM.markLoopAsDeleted(*L);
+
+ return Result != LoopDeletionResult::Unmodified;
+}