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+//===- SplitModule.cpp - Split a module into partitions -------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file defines the function llvm::SplitModule, which splits a module
+// into multiple linkable partitions. It can be used to implement parallel code
+// generation for link-time optimization.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/SplitModule.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/EquivalenceClasses.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Comdat.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Constant.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/GlobalAlias.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/GlobalObject.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/GlobalIndirectSymbol.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/GlobalValue.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/User.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/MD5.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Cloning.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/ValueMapper.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <queue>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "split-module"
+
+namespace {
+
+using ClusterMapType = EquivalenceClasses<const GlobalValue *>;
+using ComdatMembersType = DenseMap<const Comdat *, const GlobalValue *>;
+using ClusterIDMapType = DenseMap<const GlobalValue *, unsigned>;
+
+} // end anonymous namespace
+
+static void addNonConstUser(ClusterMapType &GVtoClusterMap,
+ const GlobalValue *GV, const User *U) {
+ assert((!isa<Constant>(U) || isa<GlobalValue>(U)) && "Bad user");
+
+ if (const Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(U)) {
+ const GlobalValue *F = I->getParent()->getParent();
+ GVtoClusterMap.unionSets(GV, F);
+ } else if (isa<GlobalIndirectSymbol>(U) || isa<Function>(U) ||
+ isa<GlobalVariable>(U)) {
+ GVtoClusterMap.unionSets(GV, cast<GlobalValue>(U));
+ } else {
+ llvm_unreachable("Underimplemented use case");
+ }
+}
+
+// Adds all GlobalValue users of V to the same cluster as GV.
+static void addAllGlobalValueUsers(ClusterMapType &GVtoClusterMap,
+ const GlobalValue *GV, const Value *V) {
+ for (auto *U : V->users()) {
+ SmallVector<const User *, 4> Worklist;
+ Worklist.push_back(U);
+ while (!Worklist.empty()) {
+ const User *UU = Worklist.pop_back_val();
+ // For each constant that is not a GV (a pure const) recurse.
+ if (isa<Constant>(UU) && !isa<GlobalValue>(UU)) {
+ Worklist.append(UU->user_begin(), UU->user_end());
+ continue;
+ }
+ addNonConstUser(GVtoClusterMap, GV, UU);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// Find partitions for module in the way that no locals need to be
+// globalized.
+// Try to balance pack those partitions into N files since this roughly equals
+// thread balancing for the backend codegen step.
+static void findPartitions(Module *M, ClusterIDMapType &ClusterIDMap,
+ unsigned N) {
+ // At this point module should have the proper mix of globals and locals.
+ // As we attempt to partition this module, we must not change any
+ // locals to globals.
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Partition module with (" << M->size()
+ << ")functions\n");
+ ClusterMapType GVtoClusterMap;
+ ComdatMembersType ComdatMembers;
+
+ auto recordGVSet = [&GVtoClusterMap, &ComdatMembers](GlobalValue &GV) {
+ if (GV.isDeclaration())
+ return;
+
+ if (!GV.hasName())
+ GV.setName("__llvmsplit_unnamed");
+
+ // Comdat groups must not be partitioned. For comdat groups that contain
+ // locals, record all their members here so we can keep them together.
+ // Comdat groups that only contain external globals are already handled by
+ // the MD5-based partitioning.
+ if (const Comdat *C = GV.getComdat()) {
+ auto &Member = ComdatMembers[C];
+ if (Member)
+ GVtoClusterMap.unionSets(Member, &GV);
+ else
+ Member = &GV;
+ }
+
+ // For aliases we should not separate them from their aliasees regardless
+ // of linkage.
+ if (auto *GIS = dyn_cast<GlobalIndirectSymbol>(&GV)) {
+ if (const GlobalObject *Base = GIS->getBaseObject())
+ GVtoClusterMap.unionSets(&GV, Base);
+ }
+
+ if (const Function *F = dyn_cast<Function>(&GV)) {
+ for (const BasicBlock &BB : *F) {
+ BlockAddress *BA = BlockAddress::lookup(&BB);
+ if (!BA || !BA->isConstantUsed())
+ continue;
+ addAllGlobalValueUsers(GVtoClusterMap, F, BA);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (GV.hasLocalLinkage())
+ addAllGlobalValueUsers(GVtoClusterMap, &GV, &GV);
+ };
+
+ llvm::for_each(M->functions(), recordGVSet);
+ llvm::for_each(M->globals(), recordGVSet);
+ llvm::for_each(M->aliases(), recordGVSet);
+
+ // Assigned all GVs to merged clusters while balancing number of objects in
+ // each.
+ auto CompareClusters = [](const std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> &a,
+ const std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> &b) {
+ if (a.second || b.second)
+ return a.second > b.second;
+ else
+ return a.first > b.first;
+ };
+
+ std::priority_queue<std::pair<unsigned, unsigned>,
+ std::vector<std::pair<unsigned, unsigned>>,
+ decltype(CompareClusters)>
+ BalancinQueue(CompareClusters);
+ // Pre-populate priority queue with N slot blanks.
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+ BalancinQueue.push(std::make_pair(i, 0));
+
+ using SortType = std::pair<unsigned, ClusterMapType::iterator>;
+
+ SmallVector<SortType, 64> Sets;
+ SmallPtrSet<const GlobalValue *, 32> Visited;
+
+ // To guarantee determinism, we have to sort SCC according to size.
+ // When size is the same, use leader's name.
+ for (ClusterMapType::iterator I = GVtoClusterMap.begin(),
+ E = GVtoClusterMap.end(); I != E; ++I)
+ if (I->isLeader())
+ Sets.push_back(
+ std::make_pair(std::distance(GVtoClusterMap.member_begin(I),
+ GVtoClusterMap.member_end()), I));
+
+ llvm::sort(Sets, [](const SortType &a, const SortType &b) {
+ if (a.first == b.first)
+ return a.second->getData()->getName() > b.second->getData()->getName();
+ else
+ return a.first > b.first;
+ });
+
+ for (auto &I : Sets) {
+ unsigned CurrentClusterID = BalancinQueue.top().first;
+ unsigned CurrentClusterSize = BalancinQueue.top().second;
+ BalancinQueue.pop();
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Root[" << CurrentClusterID << "] cluster_size("
+ << I.first << ") ----> " << I.second->getData()->getName()
+ << "\n");
+
+ for (ClusterMapType::member_iterator MI =
+ GVtoClusterMap.findLeader(I.second);
+ MI != GVtoClusterMap.member_end(); ++MI) {
+ if (!Visited.insert(*MI).second)
+ continue;
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "----> " << (*MI)->getName()
+ << ((*MI)->hasLocalLinkage() ? " l " : " e ") << "\n");
+ Visited.insert(*MI);
+ ClusterIDMap[*MI] = CurrentClusterID;
+ CurrentClusterSize++;
+ }
+ // Add this set size to the number of entries in this cluster.
+ BalancinQueue.push(std::make_pair(CurrentClusterID, CurrentClusterSize));
+ }
+}
+
+static void externalize(GlobalValue *GV) {
+ if (GV->hasLocalLinkage()) {
+ GV->setLinkage(GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage);
+ GV->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
+ }
+
+ // Unnamed entities must be named consistently between modules. setName will
+ // give a distinct name to each such entity.
+ if (!GV->hasName())
+ GV->setName("__llvmsplit_unnamed");
+}
+
+// Returns whether GV should be in partition (0-based) I of N.
+static bool isInPartition(const GlobalValue *GV, unsigned I, unsigned N) {
+ if (auto *GIS = dyn_cast<GlobalIndirectSymbol>(GV))
+ if (const GlobalObject *Base = GIS->getBaseObject())
+ GV = Base;
+
+ StringRef Name;
+ if (const Comdat *C = GV->getComdat())
+ Name = C->getName();
+ else
+ Name = GV->getName();
+
+ // Partition by MD5 hash. We only need a few bits for evenness as the number
+ // of partitions will generally be in the 1-2 figure range; the low 16 bits
+ // are enough.
+ MD5 H;
+ MD5::MD5Result R;
+ H.update(Name);
+ H.final(R);
+ return (R[0] | (R[1] << 8)) % N == I;
+}
+
+void llvm::SplitModule(
+ std::unique_ptr<Module> M, unsigned N,
+ function_ref<void(std::unique_ptr<Module> MPart)> ModuleCallback,
+ bool PreserveLocals) {
+ if (!PreserveLocals) {
+ for (Function &F : *M)
+ externalize(&F);
+ for (GlobalVariable &GV : M->globals())
+ externalize(&GV);
+ for (GlobalAlias &GA : M->aliases())
+ externalize(&GA);
+ for (GlobalIFunc &GIF : M->ifuncs())
+ externalize(&GIF);
+ }
+
+ // This performs splitting without a need for externalization, which might not
+ // always be possible.
+ ClusterIDMapType ClusterIDMap;
+ findPartitions(M.get(), ClusterIDMap, N);
+
+ // FIXME: We should be able to reuse M as the last partition instead of
+ // cloning it.
+ for (unsigned I = 0; I < N; ++I) {
+ ValueToValueMapTy VMap;
+ std::unique_ptr<Module> MPart(
+ CloneModule(*M, VMap, [&](const GlobalValue *GV) {
+ if (ClusterIDMap.count(GV))
+ return (ClusterIDMap[GV] == I);
+ else
+ return isInPartition(GV, I, N);
+ }));
+ if (I != 0)
+ MPart->setModuleInlineAsm("");
+ ModuleCallback(std::move(MPart));
+ }
+}