.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2023-2024 Google LLC
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
.\" are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
.\"
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
.\"    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\"
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
.\"    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
.\"    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
.\"    specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
.\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
.\" ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
.\" SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.Dd May 20, 2025
.Dt GVE 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm gve
.Nd "Ethernet driver for Google Virtual NIC (gVNIC)"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
To compile this driver into the kernel,
place the following lines in your
kernel configuration file:
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
.Cd "device gve"
.Ed
.Pp
Alternatively, to load the driver as a
module at boot time, place the following line in
.Xr loader.conf 5 :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
if_gve_load="YES"
.Ed
.Sh DESCRIPTION
gVNIC is a virtual network interface designed specifically for Google Compute Engine (GCE).
It is required to support per-VM Tier-1 networking performance, and for using certain VM shapes on GCE.
.Pp
.Nm
is the driver for gVNIC.
It supports the following features:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
RX checksum offload
.It
TX chesksum offload
.It
TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO)
.It
Large Receive Offload (LRO) in software
.It
Jumbo frames
.It
Receive Side Scaling (RSS)
.El
.Pp
For more information on configuring this device, see
.Xr ifconfig 8 .
.Sh HARDWARE
.Nm
binds to a single PCI device ID presented by gVNIC:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
0x1AE0:0x0042
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Pp
Change the TX queue count to 4 for the gve0 interface:
.D1 sysctl dev.gve.0.num_tx_queues=4
.Pp
Change the RX queue count to 4 for the gve0 interface:
.D1 sysctl dev.gve.0.num_rx_queues=4
.Pp
Change the TX ring size to 512 for the gve0 interface:
.D1 sysctl dev.gve.0.tx_ring_size=512
.Pp
Change the RX ring size to 512 for the gve0 interface:
.D1 sysctl dev.gve.0.rx_ring_size=512
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
The following messages are recorded during driver initialization:
.Bl -diag
.It "Enabled MSIX with %d vectors"
.It "Configured device resources"
.It "Successfully attached %s"
.It "Deconfigured device resources"
.El
.Pp
These messages are seen if driver initialization fails.
Global (across-queues) allocation failures:
.Bl -diag
.It "Failed to configure device resources: err=%d"
.It "No compatible queue formats"
.It "Failed to allocate ifnet struct"
.It "Failed to allocate admin queue mem"
.It "Failed to alloc DMA mem for DescribeDevice"
.It "Failed to allocate QPL page"
.El
.Pp
irq and BAR allocation failures:
.Bl -diag
.It "Failed to acquire any msix vectors"
.It "Tried to acquire %d msix vectors, got only %d"
.It "Failed to setup irq %d for Tx queue %d "
.It "Failed to setup irq %d for Rx queue %d "
.It "Failed to allocate irq %d for mgmnt queue"
.It "Failed to setup irq %d for mgmnt queue, err: %d"
.It "Failed to allocate BAR0"
.It "Failed to allocate BAR2"
.It "Failed to allocate msix table"
.El
.Pp
Rx queue-specific allocation failures:
.Bl -diag
.It "No QPL left for rx ring %d"
.It "Failed to alloc queue resources for rx ring %d"
.It "Failed to alloc desc ring for rx ring %d"
.It "Failed to alloc data ring for rx ring %d"
.El
.Pp
Tx queue-specific allocation failures:
.Bl -diag
.It "No QPL left for tx ring %d"
.It "Failed to alloc queue resources for tx ring %d"
.It "Failed to alloc desc ring for tx ring %d"
.It "Failed to vmap fifo, qpl_id = %d"
.El
.Pp
The following messages are recorded when the interface detach fails:
.Bl -diag
.It "Failed to deconfigure device resources: err=%d"
.El
.Pp
If bootverbose is on, the following messages are recorded when the interface is being brought up:
.Bl -diag
.It "Created %d rx queues"
.It "Created %d tx queues"
.It "MTU set to %d"
.El
.Pp
The following messages are recorded when the interface is being brought down:
.Bl -diag
.It "Destroyed %d rx queues"
.It "Destroyed %d tx queues"
.El
.Pp
These messages are seen if errors are encountered when bringing the interface up or down:
.Bl -diag
.It "Failed to destroy rxq %d, err: %d"
.It "Failed to destroy txq %d, err: %d"
.It "Failed to create rxq %d, err: %d"
.It "Failed to create txq %d, err: %d"
.It "Failed to set MTU to %d"
.It "Invalid new MTU setting. new mtu: %d max mtu: %d min mtu: %d"
.It "Cannot bring the iface up when detached"
.It "Reached max number of registered pages %lu > %lu"
.It "Failed to init lro for rx ring %d"
.El
.Pp
These messages are seen if any admin queue command fails:
.Bl -diag
.It "AQ command(%u): failed with status %d"
.It "AQ command(%u): unknown status code %d"
.It "AQ commands timed out, need to reset AQ"
.It "Unknown AQ command opcode %d"
.El
.Pp
These messages appear if a TX timeout is detected:
.Bl -diag
.It "Found %d timed out packet(s) on txq%d, kicking it for completions"
.It "Found %d timed out packet(s) on txq%d with its last kick %ld sec ago which is less than the cooldown period %d. Resetting device"
.El
.Pp
These messages are recorded when the device is being reset due to an error:
.Bl -diag
.It "Scheduling reset task!"
.It "Waiting until admin queue is released."
.It "Admin queue released"
.El
.Pp
If it was the NIC that requested the reset, this message is recorded:
.Bl -diag
.It "Device requested reset"
.El
.Pp
If the reset fails during the reinitialization phase, this message is recorded:
.Bl -diag
.It "Restore failed!"
.El
.Pp
These two messages correspond to the NIC alerting the driver to link state changes:
.Bl -diag
.It "Device link is up."
.It "Device link is down."
.El
.Pp
Apart from these messages, the driver exposes per-queue packet and error counters as sysctl nodes.
Global (across queues) counters can be read using
.Xr netstat 1 .
.Sh SYSCTL VARIABLES
.Nm
exposes the following
.Xr sysctl 8
variables:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Va hw.gve.driver_version
The driver version.
This is read-only.
.It Va hw.gve.queue_format
The queue format in use.
This is read-only.
.It Va hw.gve.disable_hw_lro
Setting this boot-time tunable to 1 disables Large Receive Offload (LRO) in the NIC.
The default value is 0, which means hardware LRO is enabled by default.
The software LRO stack in the kernel is always used.
This sysctl variable needs to be set before loading the driver, using
.Xr loader.conf 5 .
.It Va hw.gve.allow_4k_rx_buffers
Setting this boot-time tunable to 1 enables support for 4K RX Buffers.
The default value is 0, which means 2K RX Buffers will be used.
4K RX Buffers are only supported on DQO_RDA and DQO_QPL queue formats.
When enabled, 4K RX Buffers will be used either when HW LRO is enabled
or mtu is greated than 2048.
This sysctl variable needs to be set before loading the driver, using
.Xr loader.conf 5 .
.It Va dev.gve.X.num_rx_queues and dev.gve.X.num_tx_queues
Run-time tunables that represent the number of currently used RX/TX queues.
The default value is the max number of RX/TX queues the device can support.
.Pp
This call turns down the interface while setting up the new queues,
which may potentially cause any new packets to be dropped.
This call can fail if the system is not able to provide the driver with enough resources.
In that situation, the driver will revert to the previous number of RX/TX queues.
If this also fails, a device reset will be triggered.
.Pp
Note: sysctl nodes for queue stats remain available even if a queue is removed.
.Pp
.It Va dev.gve.X.rx_ring_size and dev.gve.X.tx_ring_size
Run-time tunables that represent the current ring size for RX/TX queues.
The default value is set to device defaults for ring size.
.Pp
This call turns down the interface while setting up the queues with the new ring size,
which may potentially cause any new packets to be dropped.
This call can fail if the system is not able to provide the driver with enough resources.
In that situation, the driver will try to revert to the previous ring size for RX/TX queues.
If this also fails, the device will be in an unhealthy state and will need to be reloaded.
This value must be a power of 2 and within the defined range.
.Pp
.El
.Sh LIMITATIONS
.Nm
does not support the transmission of VLAN-tagged packets.
All VLAN-tagged traffic is dropped.
.Sh QUEUE FORMATS
.Nm
features different datapath modes called queue formats:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
GQI_QPL: "QPL" stands for "Queue Page List" and refers to the fact that
hardware expects a fixed bounce buffer and cannot access arbitrary memory.
GQI is the older descriptor format.
The G in "GQI" refers to an older generation of hardware, and the "QI"
stands for "Queue In-order" referring to the fact that the NIC sends
Tx and Rx completions in the same order as the one in which the corresponding
descriptors were posted by the driver.
.It
DQO_RDA: DQO is the descriptor format required to take full advantage of
next generation VM shapes.
"RDA" stands for "Raw DMA Addressing" and refers to the fact that hardware
can work with DMA-ed packets and does not expect them to be copied into or
out of a fixed bounce buffer.
The D in "DQO" refers to a newer generation of hardware, and the "QO"
stands for "Queue Out-of-order" referring to the fact that the NIC might
send Tx and Rx completions in an order different from the one in which
the corresponding descriptors were posted by the driver.
.It
DQO_QPL: The next generation descriptor format in the "QPL" mode.
.El
.Sh SUPPORT
Please email gvnic-drivers@google.com with the specifics of the issue encountered.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr netstat 1 ,
.Xr loader.conf 5 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
.Xr sysctl 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
device driver first appeared in
.Fx 13.3 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
driver was written by Google.