.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2025 The FreeBSD Foundation
.\"
.\" This documentation was written by Tom Jones <thj@freebsd.org> under
.\" sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
.\"
.\"
.Dd September 3, 2025
.Dt UDBC 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm udbc
.Nd USB Debug Class device driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "device usb"
.Cd "device ucom"
.Cd "device udbc"
.Pp
In
.Xr rc.conf 5 :
.Cd kld_list="udbc"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
driver provides support for USB Debug Class devices whose
interface class is Diagnostic Class and the subclass is DbC.GP.
.Pp
The USB Debug Class is defined in the USB 3.1 Device Class
Specification for Debug Devices.
This is designed to provide a general-purpose communication channel
for debugging.
It has also been widely implemented in USB xHCs
.Pq USB eXtensible Host Controllers ,
which can be found on many commodity computers,
as an optional feature.
Once this feature is enabled on a USB xHC, one of the USB ports will
behave as a USB Debug Class device,
not a host port,
when a USB debug cable is connected.
The supported class in USB xHCs is typically DbC.GP,
while the specification defines several types of Debug Class devices.
The DbC.GP uses IN and OUT endpoint pairs and realizes a single
bidirectional serial communication channel.
On most systems,
including
.Fx ,
the DbC.GP is seen as a simple serial device.
.Pp
Most systems with USB xHC can be configured to provide DbC.GP access.
The
.Nm
is a driver that connects to DbC.GP-supported devices,
offering
.Xr tty 4
devices to connect to them via the
.Xr ucom 4
device driver.
.Sh HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
A native DbC.GP device can be attached using the
.Nm
driver in a straightforward way.
.Pp
A USB xHC DbC.GP device on a target system needs a special hardware
configuration because all of the ports are supposed to be a USB Host.
There is one method to expose DbC.GP is to use a USB 3.1 A-to-A cable
.Pq section 5.5.2 in USB 3.1 Legacy Cable and Connector Specification .
When this cable is connected to a USB 3.1 port on the target system,
the DbC-enabled USB xHC automatically switches the port as a USB Device.
The
.Nm
driver can find a DbC.GP device on that port.
.Pp
Note that a USB xHC with USB 3.2 support
.Pq USB Type-C connectors
is not compatible with the USB 3.1 A-to-A cable.
Connecting a USB 3.2 C-to-C cable or A-to-C cable does not automatically work,
either,
because it needs role configuration of the port, which is not supported on
.Fx
yet.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "/dev/ttyU*.*.init" -compact
.It Pa /dev/ttyU*.*
for callin ports
.It Pa /dev/ttyU*.*.init
.It Pa /dev/ttyU*.*.lock
corresponding callin initial-state and lock-state devices
.Pp
.It Pa /dev/cuaU*.*
for callout ports
.It Pa /dev/cuaU*.*.init
.It Pa /dev/cuaU*.*.lock
corresponding callout initial-state and lock-state devices
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr tty 4 ,
.Xr ucom 4 ,
.Xr usb 4 ,
.Xr xhci 4
.Sh STANDARDS
.Rs
.%T eXtensible Host Controller Interface for Universal Serial Bus (XHCI)
.%U https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/technical-specifications/extensible-host-controler-interface-usb-xhci.pdf
.Re
.Rs
.%T USB 3.1 Device Class Specification for Debug Devices
.%U https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/documents/usb_debug_class_rev_1_0_final_0.pdf
.Re
.Rs
.%T USB 3.1 Legacy Cable and Connector Specification
.%U https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb-31-legacy-cable-and-connector-revision-10
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
driver first appeared
.Fx
15.0.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
driver was written by
.An Hiroki Sato Aq Mt hrs@FreeBSD.org .
.Sh BUGS
According to the XHCI specification the host side of USB Debug should work with
any USB 3.0 port,
whether connected directly to a controller or with a hub in between.
Testing on some controllers has encountered issues when using a hub rather than
a directly connected port on the controller.