diff options
author | Vanilla I. Shu <vanilla@FreeBSD.org> | 1999-01-30 23:20:34 +0000 |
---|---|---|
committer | Vanilla I. Shu <vanilla@FreeBSD.org> | 1999-01-30 23:20:34 +0000 |
commit | 80b2078094c8df7aecab0ff52101d8be122e13ee (patch) | |
tree | 7f35339abf4f5d529395e744ea039a1525178b04 /zh_TW.Big5 | |
parent | 7401d9bca9f9192d7c1ad035ded61e36f83bdb15 (diff) |
Notes
Diffstat (limited to 'zh_TW.Big5')
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml | 69 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile | 12 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml | 43 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml | 810 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml | 139 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml | 99 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml | 492 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml | 353 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml | 6 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml | 632 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml | 89 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml | 242 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml | 1158 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml | 549 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml | 489 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml | 446 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml | 336 |
17 files changed, 5964 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5ef21aee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<!-- $Id: FAQ.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by --> +<!-- English Version: 1.101 --> + +<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN" [ +<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "includes.sgml"> %includes; +<!ENTITY preface SYSTEM "preface.sgml"> +<!ENTITY install SYSTEM "install.sgml"> +<!ENTITY hardware SYSTEM "hardware.sgml"> +<!ENTITY troubleshoot SYSTEM "troubleshoot.sgml"> +<!ENTITY commercial SYSTEM "commercial.sgml"> +<!ENTITY applications SYSTEM "applications.sgml"> +<!ENTITY kernelconfig SYSTEM "kernelconfig.sgml"> +<!ENTITY admin SYSTEM "admin.sgml"> +<!ENTITY x SYSTEM "x.sgml"> +<!ENTITY network SYSTEM "network.sgml"> +<!ENTITY serial SYSTEM "serial.sgml"> +<!ENTITY misc SYSTEM "misc.sgml"> +<!ENTITY hackers SYSTEM "hackers.sgml"> +<!ENTITY acknowledgments SYSTEM "acknowledgments.sgml"> +]> + +<article> + + <title>Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X</title> + <author> + <name>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</name> + </author> + + <date>$Date: 1999-01-30 23:20:34 $</date> + + <abstract> + This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are + assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5 and later, unless otherwise noted. + Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. + If you are interested in helping with this project, send + email to the the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list <htmlurl + url="mailto:freebsd-doc@freebsd.org" name="<freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG>">. + The latest version of this document is always available from the <url + url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/" name="FreeBSD World Wide Web server">. + It may also be downloaded in <url url="FAQ.latin1" name="plain text">, + <url url="FAQ.ps" name="postscript">, + <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/docs/FAQ.pdf" name="PDF"> + or <url url="FAQ-html.tar.gz" + name="HTML"> with HTTP or gzip'd from the <url + url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/docs" name="FreeBSD FTP server">. + You may also want to <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/search/search.html" name="Search the FAQ">. + + </abstract> + + <toc> + +&preface; +&install; +&hardware; +&troubleshoot; +&commercial; +&applications; +&kernelconfig; +&admin; +&x; +&network; +&serial; +&misc; +&hackers; +&acknowledgments; + +</article> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4df134966d --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ + +.NOTPARALLEL: + +SGMLOPTS=-links -e big5 +DOC= FAQ +SRCS= FAQ.sgml acknowledgments.sgml admin.sgml applications.sgml +SRCS+= commercial.sgml hackers.sgml hardware.sgml install.sgml +SRCS+= kernelconfig.sgml misc.sgml network.sgml preface.sgml +SRCS+= serial.sgml troubleshoot.sgml x.sgml + +.include <bsd.sgml.mk> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..377c4c3f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +<!-- $Id: acknowledgments.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.1 --> + + <sect> + <heading>·PÁÂ<label id="acknowledgments"></heading> + + <p> + <verb> + °²¦p±z¦b³o¥÷ FAQ ¤¤§ä¨ì¿ù»~ªº¦a¤è, ©Î¬O±z·Q¼W¥[¨Ç¬Æ»ò, + ½Ð¼g«Ê«H¨ì <FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. §ÚÌ«D±`·PÁ±zªº«ØÄ³, + ¦]¬°±zªº«ØÄ³Åý³o¥÷¤å¥óÅܱo§ó¦n! + + + FreeBSD Core Team + </verb> + + <descrip> + <tag/Jordan Hubbard/ + ¤£°±ªº§ó·s¹L®Éªº FAQ. + + <tag/Doug White/ + ¸g±`¦b freebsd-questions ¤W¦^µª°ÝÃD + + <tag/Joerg Wunsch/ + ¸g±`¦b Usenet ¤W¦^µª°ÝÃD + + <tag/Garrett Wollman/ + Networking and formatting + + <tag/Jim Lowe/ + Multicast information + + <tag/Peter da Silva/ + FreeBSD FAQ ³o¥÷¤å¥óªº¥´¦rW¤u + + <tag/The FreeBSD Team/ + Kvetching, moaning, submitting data + </descrip> + + <p>¹ï©ó¨º¨Ç´¿¸g¹ï³o¥÷ FAQ ´£¨ÑÀ°§U, ¦Ó§Ų́S´£¨ìªº¤HÌ, §Ú̥ѰJªº·PÁ±z! + </sect> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e13f733bca --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,810 @@ +<!-- $Id: admin.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.12 --> + + <sect> + <heading>¨t²ÎºÞ²z<label id="admin"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>¨t²Î°_©l³]©wÀɦbþ¡H</heading> + + <p>±q 2.0.5R ¨ì 2.2.1R¡A¥Dnªº³]©wÀɬO <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>¡C + ©Ò¦³ªº¿ï¶µ³£³Q©w¸q¦b³oÓÀÉ¡A¦Ó¨ä¥L¹³ <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="/etc/rc"> + ©M <tt>/etc/netstart</tt> ¥u¬O¤Þ¥Î¥¦¡C + + <p>Æ[¹î <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> ³oÓÀɨÃ×¥¿¨äÈ¥H¾A¦X§Aªº¨t²Î¡C + ³oÓÀɥεù¸Ñ¶ñº¡¥Hªí¥Ü¦ó³B¸Ó©ñ¸m¤°»ò³]©w¡C + + <p>¦b 2.2.1 ©M 3.0 ¥H«á¡A<tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> §ó¦W¬°¤@Ó§ó®e + ©ö´yzªºÀɦW¥s <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf"> + ¡A¨Ã¥B»yªk¶i¤Æ¦¨¥u³Ñ¤@Ӧ줸¡C<tt>/etc/netstart</tt> ¥ç§ó¦W¬° + <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î <tt><htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cp" name="cp"> /usr/src/etc/rc* + /etc</tt> ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> ¥X²{¨Ã¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó±Ò°ÊÃB¥~ªº¥»¦aªA°È¹³¬O + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^inn" name="INN"> + ©Î¬Y¨ÇÓ¤H¿ï¶µ¡C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> ¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð(¹³¬OÂê¦í°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt> ¬O Intel ¯S®íªº³]©w¡A¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC + ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C + + <p>¥Ñ 2.1.0R ¶}©l¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¦b <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (©Î + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>) ¸Ì«ü©w¥Ø¿ý¾Ö¦³"¥»¦a"°_©lÀÉ¡G + + <verb> + # Location of local startup files. + local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d + </verb> + + <p>¨CÓ¥H <tt/.sh/ µ²§ÀªºÀɱN¥H¦r¥À¶¶§Ç³Q°õ¦æ¡C + + <p>°²¦p§A·Q½T«O¬YÓ°õ¦æ¶¶§Ç¤S¤£·Q§ï©Ò¦³ªºÀɦW¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó²³æ + ªº¬[ºc¦p¤U¡A§Q¥Î¨Æ¥ý¦w±Æ¨ì¨CÓÀɦW«eªº¼Æ¦r¨Ó½T«O¶¶§Ç¡G + + <verb> + 10news.sh + 15httpd.sh + 20ssh.sh + </verb> + + <p>³o¥i¯à¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³ÂIÁà(©ÎÃþ¦ü SysV :-)) ¦ý¬O¥¦´£¨Ñ¤@Ó²³æ¦Ó³W«ßªº + ¬[ºcÅý¥»¦a¥[¤Jªº®M¥ó¤£¶·½s¿è <tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> ´N¯à«·s±Æ + §Ç¡C³\¦hªº ports/packages °²³] <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> ¬O + ¥»¦a°_©lªº¥Ø¿ý¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó²³æ¦a¥[¤J¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡S</heading> + + <p>¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser" + name="adduser"> «ü¥O¡C + + <p>¥t¥~¤]¦³Ó®M¥ó¥s ``<tt/new-account/'' ¥Ñ Ollivier Robert ¥H + Perl ¼g¥X¡C¥i¦V <tt><roberto@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> ¸ß°Ý¥¦¡C + ¥Ø«e¥¿¦bµo®i¶¥¬q¡C + + <p>n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser" name="rmuser"> «ü¥O¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â·sµwºÐ¥[¤J FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤¤¡S</heading> + + <p>¹î¬Ý <url url="../tutorials/diskformat/" name="www.freebsd.org"> + ªººÏºÐ®æ¦¡¤Æ«ü¾É¤å¥ó¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¦³¤@Ó·sªº¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸m¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¨Ï¥Î¡S</heading> + + <p>¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸mµL½×¬O ZIP ©Î EZ(©Î¬Æ¦Ü¬O³nºÐ¾÷¡A¦pªG§An³o¼Ë¨Ï¥Î + ¥¦)¡A©Î¬O¤@Ó·sªºµwºÐ¡A¥un¬O¦w¸Ë¨Ã¥Ñ¨t²Î«²Õ¡A¦Ó§A¦³ºÏ¤ù§X + /³nºÐ¤ù/©Î¨ä¥LªF¦è¥i¥H´¡¤J¡A¨º³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¦ü¥G³£¬OÃþ¦ü¥\¯àªºªF + ¦è¡C + + <p><label id="disklabel">(¥»¸`¥Dn¥Ñ <url + url="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html" + name="Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ"> ¤Þ¤J) + + <p>°²¦p¬O ZIP ©Î³nºÐ¾÷¡A§A¤w¸g¦b¤W±¦³ DOS Àɮרt²Î¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î + ¹³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¡G + + <verb> + mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy + </verb> + + <p>¦pªG¥u¬O³nºÐ¾÷¡A¨º´N³o¼Ë¡G + + <verb> + mount -t msdos /dev/sd2s4 /zip + </verb> + + <p>¹ï ZIP ºÏ¤ù¨Ó»¡¬O¨Ï¥Î¥X¼t¹w³]È¡C + + <p>¨ä¥LºÏ¤ù¡A¥Î <tt/fdisk/ ©Î <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> ¹î¬Ý + ¦p¦ó°t¸m¡C + + <p>±µ¤U¨Ó³oÓ½d¨Ò¬O ZIP ¸Ë¦b sd2¡A²Ä¤TÓ SCSI ºÏºÐ¡C + + <p>¤£¹³³nºÐ¾÷¡A©Î¤@Ó§Apµe¸ò¨ä¥L¤H¤À¨É¨Ï¥Îªº¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸m¡A¥Î + BSD Àɮרt²Î³e¬ï¥¦¥i¯à¬O¤@Ó¤ñ¸û¦nªº¥D·N¡C§A±N¾Ö¦³ªøÀɦW¤ä´© + ¡A¦Ü¤Ö¨â¿¥H¤Wªº®Ä²v¼W¶i¡A§ó°ªªºÃ©w«×¡Cº¥ý¡A§A»Ýn«·s»s§@ + DOS ¼hªº¤À³Î°Ï/Àɮרt²Î¡C§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk" name="fdisk"> ©Î + <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt>¡A©Î¹ï¤@Ó§A¤£·Q¤ä´©¦h«§@·~¨t²Îªº + ¤pºÏºÐ¡A¥un§â¥¦¹º¤À¦¨¾ãÓ FAT ¤À³Îªí(slices)¨Ã¥Î¥H¤U BSD ¤À + ³Îªk¡G + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd2 count=2 + disklabel -Brw sd2 auto + </verb> + + <p>§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î disklabel ©Î <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> ¥h«Ø¥ß¦h« + BSD ¤À³Î°Ï¡CµLºÃªº¦pªG§A¥¿¦bµwºÐ¾÷¤W¼W¥[¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap space)®É + §A´N»Ýn³o»ò°µ¡A¦ý¬O¦b¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸m¦p ZIP ¤W³o¬OµL·N¸qªº¡C + + <p>³Ì«á¡A«Ø¥ß¤@Ó·sªºÀɮרt²Î¡C¦b ZIP ¸Ë¸m¤W¬O¨Ï¥Î¾ãӺϺСG + + <verb> + newfs /dev/rsd2c + </verb> + + <p>¨Ã¥B§â¥¦±¾¤W(mount)¡G + + <verb> + mount /dev/sd2c /zip + </verb> + + <p>¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fstab" + name="/etc/fstab"> ¥[¤W¤U±³o¤@¦æ¥i¯à¬O¤@Ó¦n¥D·N¡A§A¥H«á´N¥u + n¥´"mount /zip" : + + <verb> + /dev/sd2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò±¾¤W¦¸nªº DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡S</heading> + + <p>¦¸n DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦b©Ò¦³¥Dn¤À³Î°Ï¤§«á³Q§ä¨ì¡AÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG§A¦³¤@Ó + "E" ¤À³Î°Ï¦b²Ä¤GÓ SCSI ¸Ë¸mªº²Ä¤GÓ DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡A§A»Ýn¦b /dev ¤U + «Ø¥ß "slice 5" ªº¯S®íÀɮסAµM«á±¾¤W /dev/sd1s5¡G + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV sd1s5 + # mount -t msdos /dev/sd1s5 /dos/e + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤U±¾¤W¨ä¥L²§½è©ÊÀɮרt²Î¶Ü¡S</heading> + + <p><bf/ Digital UNIX/ UFS ¥úºÐ¾÷¥i¥Hª½±µ±¾¦b FreeBSD ¤W¡C±q Digital + UNIX ©M¨ä¥L¤ä´© UFS ®æ¦¡ªº¨t²Î±¾¤WºÏºÐ¤À³Î°ÏÀ³¸Ó§ó½ÆÂø¡A¥Dn²Ó¸` + ¬O¨Ì¿à§@·~¨t²ÎªººÏºÐ¤À³Îªk¡C + + <p><bf/ Linux/: 2.2 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤ä´© <bf/ext2fs/ ¤À³Î°Ï¡A½Ð¬d¾\ + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount_ext2fs" + name="mount_ext2fs"> ¦³§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C + + <p>´£¨Ñ¥ô¦ó³oÓ¥DÃDªº¨ä¥L¸ê°T±N³Q«µø¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î NT loader ¨Ó±Ò°Ê FreeBSD¡S</heading> + + <p>³Ì´¶¹Mªº·Qªk¬O§â§Aªº native FreeBSD root ¤À³Î°Ï + ªº²Ä¤@Ӻϰϫþ¨©¨ì DOS/NT ¤À³Î°Ï¸Ìªº¤@ÓÀɮפº¡C°²³] + §A©R¦W¥¦¡G<tt>c:\bootsect.bsd</tt> + (¥Ñ <tt>c:\bootsect.dos</tt> ±Â·N¦Ó¨Ó)¡A±µµÛ§A¥i¥H½s¿è + <tt>c:\boot.ini</tt> Àɮפº®e¦p¤U¡G + + <verb> + [boot loader] + timeout=30 + default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS + [operating systems] + multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT" + C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD" + C:\="DOS" + </verb> + + <p>¦¹µ{§Ç°²³] DOS¡ANT¡AFreeBSD¡A©Î¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¤w¸g³Q¦w¸Ë¦b + <bf/¦P¤@Ó/ ºÏºÐªº¦U¦Û¤À³Î°Ï¡C¥»¨Ò¤¤§Úªº DOS & NT ¬O¦b²Ä¤@ + Ó¤À³Î°Ï¦Ó FreeBSD ¦b²Ä¤GÓ¡C§Ú¤]§â FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë¦¨¥Ñ native + partition ±Ò°Ê¡A<bf/¦Ó¤£¬O/ ±qºÏºÐªº MBR¡C + + <p>±¾¤W¤@Ó DOS ®æ¦¡¤Æªº³nºÐ¡]°²¦p§A¤w¸gÂà´«¨ì NTFS¡^©Î FAT ¤À³Î°Ï + ¨ì <tt>/mnt</tt>¡G + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/rsd0a of=/mnt/bootsect.bsd bs=512 count=1 + </verb> + + <p>«·s¶}¾÷¶i¤J DOS ©Î NT¡CNTFS ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ§â <tt/bootsect.bsd/ ¥H¤Î/©Î + <tt/bootsect.lnx/ ±q³nºÐ«þ¨©¨ì <tt/C:\/¡C×§ï <tt/boot.ini/ + ªºÄÝ©Ê(¦s¨ú³\¥i)¡G + + <verb> + attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini + </verb> + + <p>½s¿è¨Ã±q <tt/boot.ini/ ªº½d¨Ò¤W¥[¤J¬ÛÃö¾A·íªº¶µ¥Ø¡A¦A§âÄݩʦ^´_ + ¡G + + <verb> + attrib -r -s c:\boot.ini + </verb> + + <p>¦pªG FreeBSD ¬O¥Ñ MBR ±Ò°Ê¡A¦b§A«·s³]©w±qþÓì¥Í¤À³Î°Ï±Ò°Ê«á + ¥Î DOS ªºªº ``<tt/fdisk/'' ©R¥O¦^´_¥¦¡G + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î LILO ±Ò°Ê FreeBSD ©M Linux¡S + </heading> + + <p>¦pªG§A¦b¦P¤@ӺϺо÷¸Ì¦³ FreeBSD ©M Linux¡A¥un¸òÀH LILO ªº¦w + ¸Ë«ü¥O¡A±q¤@Ó«D Linux §@·~¨t²Î±Ò°Ê¡C²²¤»¡©ú¦p¤U¡G + + <p>±Ò°Ê Linux¡A¨Ã¦b <tt>/etc/lilo.conf</tt> ¤¤¥[¤J¥H¤U´X¦æ¡G + <verb> + other=/dev/hda2 + table=/dev/hda + label=FreeBSD + </verb> + ¡]¤W±¬O°²³]§Aªº FreeBSD slice ¦b Linux ¬O <tt>/dev/hda2</tt>¡F½Ð + °t¦X¦Û¤vªº³]©w¡^¡CµM«á¡A¥Î root °õ¦æ <tt>lilo</tt> À³¸Ó´N§¹¦¨¤F¡C + + <p>°²¦p FreeBSD ¦b¥t¥~¤@ӺϺСA§A¥²¶·¦b LILO ¿ï¶µ¤¤¥[¤J + ``<tt>loader=/boot/chain.b</tt>''¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G + <verb> + other=/dev/sdb4 + table=/dev/sdb + loader=/boot/chain.b + label=FreeBSD + </verb> + + <p>¬Y¨Ç±¡§Î§A¥²¶·«ü©w BIOS ºÏºÐ¥N¸¹µ¹ FreeBSD ±Ò°Ê¸ü¤Jµ{¦¡¥H¯à±q²Ä + ¤GºÏºÐ¦¨¥\ªº±Ò°Ê¡CÁ|¨Ò¡A°²¦p§Aªº FreeBSD SCSI ºÏºÐ¦b BIOS ¤¤°»´ú + ¬O BIOS disk 1¡A¨º¦b FreeBSD ±Ò°Ê¸ü¤Jµ{¦¡ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¥X²{®É§A¥²¶·«ü + ©w¡G + <verb> + Boot: 1:sd(0,a)/kernel + </verb> + + <p>¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ©M¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A§A¥i¥H³]©w <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?boot(8)" name="boot(8)"> + ³o¼Ë¨C¦¸±Ò°Ê®É´N·|¦Û°ÊÀ°§A°õ¦æ¡C + + <p><htmlurl url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html" + name="Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO"> ¬O FreeBSD ©M Linux ¦@¥Î¾Þ§@ªº¨}¦n + °Ñ¦Ò¤å¥ó¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú«ç»ò¨Ï¥Î BootEasy ¨Ó±Ò°Ê FreeBSD ©M Linux¡S + </heading> + + <p>¦b§Aªº Linux ±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°Ï¦w¸Ë LILO ¨ú¥N¥Dn±Ò°Ê¸ê®Æ(Master Boot + Record)¡C±µµÛ§A¥i¥H±q BootEasy ±Ò°Ê LILO¡C + + <p>°²¦p§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æ Windows-95 ©M Linux¡A³o¬O¤@Ó«ØÄ³¤èªk¡Gn§ó²³æªº + ±q Linux ¦A¦¸±Ò°Ê¦b©ó§A¬O§_À³¸Ó«·s¦w¸Ë Windows95¡]³o¬O¤@Óµ½§ª + ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¥¦À£¢¤£Åý¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¦s¦b©ó¥Dn±Ò°Ê°O¿ý¤º¡^¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + ¤@Ó©Ò¿×``¦MÀI©^Äm''ªººÏºÐ¦³®`¶Ü¡S + </heading> + + <p><label id="dedicate">¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç¤¹³\§A¿ï¾Ü¨âºØ¤£¦Pªº¤èªk¨Ó¤À³Î§Aªº + ºÏºÐ¾÷¡C¤º©w¤èªk¬O¦b¦P¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¤W©M¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¥i¥H¬Û®e¡A¦ý¬O + ¨Ï¥Î fdisk table entries(FreeBSD ¸ÌºÙ¤§¬°``slices'')¡AFreeBSD + ªº slice 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<sect1> + <heading>§Ú¨t²Î¤WªºÁä½L°t¸m¿ù¤F¡C</heading> + + <p>kbdcontrol µ{¦¡¦³¤@Ó¿ï¶µ¥i¥HŪ¨úÁä½L°t¸mÀɮסC¦b + <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> ¦³¤@¨Ç°t¸mÀÉ¡C¿ï¾Ü¤@Ó¸ò§Aªº + ¬ÛÃöªº¨ÃŪ¨ú¥¦¡C + + <verb> + kbdcontrol -l uk.iso + </verb> + + <p> <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> ©M <tt/.kbd/ ©µ®i¶°¨âÓ³£¥Ñ + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?kbdcontrol" + name="kbdcontrol"> ©ÒÂ_©w¡C + + <p>¥i¥H±q <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (©Î <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf">) + ¨Ó³]©w¡A½Ð¬Ý¦¹Àɸ̾A¦Xªºµù¸Ñ¡C + + <p>¦b 2.0.5R ¤Î¨ä¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¦³¸ò¤å¦r¦r«¬¡AÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬ÛÃöªº³]©w³£¦b + <tt>/usr/share/examples/syscons</tt>¡C + + <p>¥H¤U¬O¥Ø«e¤ä´©ªº¹ïÀ³³]©w¡G + + <itemize> + <!-- generate by `kbdmap -p' --> + <item>Belgian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850 + <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1 + <item>Danish Codepage 865 + <item>Danish ISO-8859-1 + <item>French ISO-8859-1 + <item>German Codepage 850 + <item>German ISO-8859-1 + <item>Italian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Japanese 106 + <item>Japanese 106x + <item>Latin American + <item>Norwegian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's) + <item>Russian Codepage 866 (alternative) + <item>Russian koi8-r (shift) + <item>Russian koi8-r + <item>Spanish ISO-8859-1 + <item>Swedish Codepage 850 + <item>Swedish ISO-8859-1 + <item>Swiss-German ISO-8859-1 + <item>United Kingdom Codepage 850 + <item>United Kingdom ISO-8859-1 + <item>United States of America ISO-8859-1 + <item>United States of America dvorak + <item>United States of America dvorakx + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>§ÚµLªkÅý user quotas ¥¿±`¤u§@¡C</heading> + + <p> + <enum> + <item>¤£n¦b '/' ¥´¶} quotas¡A + + <item>§â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G + + <verb> + FS QUOTA FILE + /usr /usr/admin/quotas + /home /home/admin/quotas + ... + </verb> + </enum> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Úªº ccd ¦³¦ó¤£§´¡S</heading> + + <p>³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G + + <verb> + # ccdconfig -C + ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format + # + </verb> + + <p>³q±`³o·|µo¥Í¦b§A¹Á¸Õn³sµ² `c' ¤À³Î°Ï¡A³o¤º©wªº«¬§O¬O ``µLªk¨Ï¥Îªº'' + ¡Cccd ºÏºÐ»Ýnªº°ò¦¤À³Î°Ï«¬§O¬° FS_BSDFFS¡A½s¿è§An¸ÕµÛ³sµ²ªººÏºÐ + ¼Ð°O¨Ã§ó§ï¤À³Î°Ïªº«¬§O¬°`4.2BSD'¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¬°¦ó§Ú¤£¯à½s¿è§Ú ccd ªººÏºÐ¼Ð°O¡S</heading> + + <p>³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G + + <verb> + # disklabel ccd0 + (³o¸Ì¦L¥X¬Y¨Ç©úÅ㪺¸ê®Æ¡A©Ò¥H¸ÕµÛ½s¿è¥¦¡^ + # disklabel -e ccd0 + (½s¿è¡AÀx¦s¡AµM«áÂ÷¶}) + disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk; + use "disklabel -r" to install initial label + # + </verb> + + <p>³o¬O¦]¬°¥Ñ ccd ¶Ç¦^ªººÏºÐ¼Ð°O¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@Ó``°²ªº''¦Ó¨S¦³¯u¥¿¦bºÏºÐ + ¤W¡C§A¥i¥H§â¥¦§¹¥þ¼g¤J¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G + + <verb> + # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp + # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp + # disklabel -e ccd0 + (this will work now) + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© System V IPC ®æ¦¡«ü¥O¶°¡H</heading> + + <p>¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-®æ¦¡ IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A°T®§¸ò + «H¸¹¡C§A»Ýn¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦Ì¡C + + <verb> + options SYSVSHM + options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory + options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores + options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging + </verb> + + <p>«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C + + <p><bf/ª`·N¡G/ ¦pªG§An°õ¦æ GIMP §A¥i¯à»Ýn¼W¥[ SHMMAXPKGS ¨ì¬Y¨Ç¯î + ÂÕªº¼Æ¥Ø¹³¬O 4096(16M!)¡A256Kb ¹ï X11R6 ¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó»¡¤w¸g¥R¤À¨¬ + °÷¤F¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î sendmail ³z¹L UUCP ¨Ó»¼°e¶l¥ó¡H<label id="uucpmail"> + </heading> + + <p>¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô + ªºªº¯¸¥x¡C¨º¨Ç·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¥¦Ì¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmil + ªº³]©wÀɮסC + + <p>¤â°Ê×§ï <tt>/etc/sendmail.cf</tt> ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²nªº¡C²Ä 8 ª©ªº + sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?m4" name="m4"> ªº³B²z´N¯à + ²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C§AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b¥H + ¤UÀɮ׸̨ϥΥ¦¡G + + <verb> + /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf + </verb> + + <p>°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î§¹¾ãªº¨Ó·½µ{¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i¯à¤w + ¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´XÓ¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g±¾¤W¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G + + <verb> + cd /usr/src + tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa + </verb> + + <p>§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸UӦ줸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b <tt>cf</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº + <tt>README</tt> ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò¥»¤¶²Ð¡C + + <p>¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«ØÄ³§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î <em>mailertable</em> ¯SÂI¡C + «Øºc¤@Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C + + <p>º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº <tt>.mc</tt> ÀÉ¡C + <tt>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨ÇÀɮתº®a¡C + º¥ý¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´XÓ½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s + <tt>foo.mc</tt>¡A§An°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@Ó¦³®Äªº + <tt>sendmail.cf</tt> ¡G + + <verb> + cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf + make foo.cf + cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf + </verb> + + <p>¤@Ө嫬ªº <tt>.mc</tt> Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G + + <verb> + include(`../m4/cf.m4') + VERSIONID(`Your version number') + OSTYPE(bsd4.4) + + FEATURE(nodns) + FEATURE(nocanonify) + FEATURE(mailertable) + + define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) + define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) + + MAILER(local) + MAILER(smtp) + MAILER(uucp) + + Cw your.alias.host.name + Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP + </verb> + + <p> <em>nodns</em> ©M <em>nocanonify</em> ¯S©Ê±NÁ×§K¥ô¦ó¦b»¼°e¶l¥ó + ®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡C<em>UUCP_RELAY</em> ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A + ´N¤£n¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@Óºô»Úºô¸ô¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì¦ì§} + ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ýn¦b³o¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB + (mail replay)¡C + + <p>§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁÙ»Ýn³oÓ¥s <tt>/etc/mailertable</tt> ªºÀÉ®× + ¡C¤@Ө嫬ªº½d¨Ò¦p¤U¡G + + <verb> + # + # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable + # + horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus + .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus + interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus + .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 + horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus + if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus + . uucp-dom:sax + </verb> + + <p>¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬YÓ¬¡¥Í¥ÍÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡Cº¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó + ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N¡A + ³o¬O¬°¤F``ÁYµu''»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì¥»¦a¤A¤Óºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥ó + Åý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A + ¤¹³\¤@Ó``uucp-neighbor!recipient''±À½¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@ + Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í§A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªº + UUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b <tt>uucp-dom:</tt> ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O + ¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î <tt>uuname</tt> ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C + + <p>´£¿ô§A³oÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b + mailertable ³Ì¤W±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³oÓ¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A + ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ýn°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡C + + <p>³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â <tt>-bt</tt> + ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b <em>address test mode</em> + ¡F¥un«ö¤U ``0''¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï + ¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§} + ¡CnÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C + + <verb> + j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt + ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) + Enter <ruleset> <address> + > 0 foo@interface-business.de + rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de + ... + rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ + < @ interface-business . de > + > ^D + j@uriah 192% + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading> + ·í§Ú¥Î¼·±µ³s¤Wºô¸ô®É¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w«H¥ó»¼°e¡H<label id="ispmail"> + </heading> + + <p>¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ýn½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©wÈ¡C³]¦n + §An«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C + + <p>¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ <bf/ppp/ ³s±µ¨ìºô + »Úºô¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº + ISP ºô°ì¬O <tt/myISP.com/¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¬O <tt/user/¡C¥ç°² + ³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O <tt/bsd.home/ ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î + <tt/relay.myISP.com/ ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C + + <p>¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ýn¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C + <bf/Fetchmail/ ¬O¤@Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¦]¬°¥¦¤ä´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±` + §Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô + ¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥un¦b <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> ¸Ì± + ³]©w¥H¤U´X¶µ¡G + + <verb> + MYADDR: + !bg su user -c fetchmail + </verb> + + <p>§Ú°²³]§A¦b <tt/bsd.home/ ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@Ó <tt/user/ ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b + <tt/bsd.home/ ¾÷¾¹¤W <tt/user/ ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@Ó <tt/.fetchmailrc/ + ªºÀɮסG + + <verb> + poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret; + </verb> + + <p>µL¶·Âب¥¡A³oÓÀɰ£¤F <tt/user/ ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t + ¤F <tt/MySecret/ ³oÓ±K½X¡C + + <p>¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY <bf/from:/ ¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D sendmail ¨Ï¥Î + <tt/user@myISP.com/ ¦Ó«D <tt/user@bsd.home/¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D + sendmail ±q <tt/relay.myISP.com/ °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C + + <p>¥H¤Uªº <tt/.mc/ ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªºn¨D¡G + + <verb> + VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0') + OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl + FEATURE(nouucp)dnl + MAILER(local)dnl + MAILER(smtp)dnl + Cwlocalhost + Cwbsd.home + MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl + FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl + FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl + FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl + FEATURE(nodns)dnl + define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com') + Dmbsd.home + define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl + define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl + </verb> + + <p>¦pªGÂà´«³oÓ <tt/.mc/ Àɮרì <tt/sendmail.cf/ Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`½Ð + °Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s sendmail.cf ¥H«á¤£n§Ñ°O«·s±Ò°Ê + sendmail¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>«x¡I§Ú§Ñ°O root ªº±K½X¤F¡I</heading> + + <p>¤£nÅå·W¡I¥un«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b boot: ´£¥Ü¸¹¥´ -s ¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C + ¦b°Ýn¨Ï¥ÎþÓ shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@Ó # ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J + <tt>mount -u /</tt> ¥H«·s¬[³]§Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ + <tt/passwd root/ ¥H§ó´« root ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ <tt/exit/ Ä~Äò±Ò°Ê¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò«O¯dÅý Control-Alt-Delete ¤£¯à«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡H + </heading> + + <p>×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A¨Ã¥B§â©Ò¦³ <tt/boot/ ªºÃöÁä¦r¥Î + <tt/nop/ ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b + <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</tt>¡C§A¥i¯à»Ýn©ú¥Õªº + §h©J <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ¥hŪ¨ú³oÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·í + µM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A§AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@Ó¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â DOS ¤å¦rÀɮ׫·s®æ¦¡¤Æ¦¨ UNIX ªº¡H</heading> + + <p>²³æ¦a¨Ï¥Î³oÓ perl ©R¥O¡G + +<verb> +perl -i.bak -pe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ... +</verb> + + <p>file ´N¬On³B²zªºÀɮסC³oÓ×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡Aì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨ + °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î¦WºÙ¬å±¼ process¡H</heading> + + <p>¨Ï¥Î <url url="/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/man.cgi?killall" name="killall(1)">¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¬°¦ó¦b root ªº ACL ®É su ¦n¹³¦³°ÝÃD¡H + </heading> + + <p>³oÓ¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³oÓ°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY«¦ý¬O¥O¤H + ¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤UÓ°ÝÃD©Ò´yzªº²¾°£ + Kerberos¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò²¾°£ Kerberos¡H</handing> + + <p>n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»¤º bin ¤ÀÃþ + ¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H±¾¤W cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom)¨Ã°õ¦æ¡G + +<verb> +cd /cdrom/bin +./install.sh +</verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¼W¥[¨t²ÎªºµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡H</heading> + + <p>¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹µêÀÀ + ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G + + <enum> + <item>«Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@Ó·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¨Ã¥B¥[¤J³o¦æ¨ì³]©wÀÉ¡G + + <verb> + pseudo-device pty 256 + </verb> + + <item>°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡G + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} + </verb> + + <p>·|³y¥X 256 ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C + + <item>½s¿è <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256 Ӳ׺ݾ÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦ÌÀ³ + ¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥¦Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G + + <verb> + ttyqc none network + </verb> + + <p>¦r¥À³]pªº¶¶§Ç¬O <tt>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</tt>¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C + + <item>¥Î·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡«·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C + </enum> + + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b4be6dbbd --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +<!-- $Id: applications.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by freebsd@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.18 --> + + <sect> + <heading>User Applications<label id="applications"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>¶â. §Ún¦bþ§ä¨ì§Únªºµ{¦¡£°?</heading> + + <p>½Ð¬Ý¬Ý <url url="../ports/" name="the ports page"> §a. + ³oÃ䦳¥÷¤w¸g port ¨ì FreeBSD ªº³nÅé¦Cªí. ¥Ø«e¦³¶W¹L 1800 Ó³nÅé¤w¸g³Q + port ¨ì FreeBSD ¤W, ¨Ã¥B¨C¤Ñ³£¦b¼W¥[¤¤. ©Ò¥H¦³ªÅ´N¦h¬Ý¬Ý³o¥÷¦Cªí, + ¤£µM§A¤]¥i¥Hq¾\ <tt/freebsd-announce/ + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> ³o¥÷ mailing list, ·|¦³¤H±N + ¨CÓ¬P´Á³Ì·sªº³nÅé¦Cªí¶K¦b¤W±. + + <p>¤j³¡¥÷ªº ports À³¸Ó³£¥i¥H¦b 2.2, 3.0 ¸ò 4.0 ªº¨t²Î¤W¨Ï¥Î, + ¨Ã¥BÁÙ¦³³¡¥÷ªº ports ¥i¥H¦b 2.1.x ªº¨t²Î¤W¹B§@. + ¨C¦¸·í FreeBSD release ®É, ³£·|¦³¤@¥÷ ports tree ³Q©ñ¦b³o¤@Ó + release cd ¸Ì±ªº <tt>ports/</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì. + + <p>We also support the concept of a ``package'', essentially no + more than a gzipped binary distribution with a little extra + intelligence embedded in it for doing whatever custom installation + work is required. A package can be installed and uninstalled + again easily without having to know the gory details of which + files it includes. + + <p>Use the package installation menu in <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> + (under the post-configuration menu item) or invoke the + <em>pkg_add(1)</em> command on the specific package files you're + interested in installing. Package files can usually be identified by + their <em>.tgz</em> suffix and CDROM distribution people will have + a <tt>packages/All</tt> directory on their CD which contains such + files. They can also be downloaded over the net for various versions + of FreeBSD at the following locations: + + <descrip> + <tag>for 2.2.7-release/2.2-stable</tag> + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2.7/" + name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2.7/"> + + <tag>for 3.0-current</tag> + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/" + name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/"> + </descrip> + + <p>or your nearest local mirror site. + + <p>Note that all ports may not be available as packages since + new ones are constantly being added. It is always a good + idea to check back periodically to see which packages are available + at the <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="ftp.freebsd.org"> master site. + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦bþÃä§ä¨ì libc.so.3.0?</heading> + + <p>§A¥i¯à¦b¤@¥x 2.1.x ªº¾÷¾¹¤W, ¶]µÛµ¹ 2.2/3.0 ªº³nÅé. + ½Ð¦A©¹¤W±¤@Ó³¹¸`¬Ý, ¥¿½Tªº¨ú±oµ¹§A¾÷¾¹¥Îªº port/package. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ghostscript ¦b§Úªº 386/486SX ¤W¦³ÂI°ÝÃD£°.<label id="emul"> + </heading> + + <p>§A¨S¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâ¾¹, ¹ï§a?. + §A¥²¶·¦b§Aªº kernel ¤¤¥[¤J¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹, §A¥i¥H¸òµÛ¤U±ªº¨BÆJ°µ, + ¨Ã¦b§ó§ï¹L§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀÉ«á, «·s½s͹L¤@¦¸. + + <verb> + options GPL_MATH_EMULATE + </verb> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ ·í§A¥[¤J¤W¤@¦æªº¦P®É, §A¥²¶·±N <tt/MATH_EMULATE/ + ²¾°£±¼. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ·í§Ú°õ¦æ SCO/iBCS2 ªºµ{¦¡®É, ¥¦±¾¦b <tt/socksys/. + </heading> + + <p>§A¥²¶·¥ý×§ï <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> + (or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" + name="/etc/rc.conf">) ³oÀɮ׳̫á¤@Ó³¹¸`, ±N¤U±©ÒÁ¿¨ìªºÅÜ¼Æ + ³]¦¨ <tt/YES/: + + <verb> + # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup + ibcs2=NO + </verb> + + <p>³o·|¦b¶}¾÷®É±N <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ibcs2" name="ibcs2"> + ³o¤@Ó kernel ¼Ò²Õ¸ü¤J. + + <p>§AÁÙn±N§Aªº /compat/ibcs2/dev §ï¦¨¤U±³o¼Ë: + + <verb> +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys +-rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null +crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx + </verb> + + <p>§A¥u»Ýn±N socksys Âà¦V¨ì <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?null(4)" name="/dev/null"> + ¥hÄF¹L open & close. ¦b -current ¸Ì±ªº ibcs2 ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½X±N·|³B + ²z³o¨ÇªF¦è. This is muck cleaner than the way it was done before. + °²¦p§A·Qn¨Ï¥Î <tt/spx/ ¤è±ªºµ{¦¡, ¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɸ̱¥[¤W + <tt/SPX_HACK/ . + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ún¦p¦ó¦b§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤W³]©w INN (Internet News)? + </heading> + + <p>After installing the inn package or port, an excellent place to + <p>¦b§A¨Ï¥Î package ©ÎªÌ¬O port ¦w¸Ë§¹ inn ¤§«á, + <url url="http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/INN.html" + name="Dave Barr's INN Page"> ¬OÓ«D±`¦nªº¶}©l, §A¥i¥H¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì + INN ªº FAQ. + + </sect1> + <sect1> + + <heading>§Ú¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¨ºÓª©¥»ªº Microsoft FrontPage? + </heading> + + <p>¨Ï¥Î Port §a! ¦b ports tree ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤@Ó¥]§t FrontPage ªº Apache ª©¥»¤F. + </p> + + </sect1> + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e375b70c4f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +<!-- $Id: commercial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English version: 1.3 --> + + <sect> + <heading>°Ó·~³nÅé<label id="commercial"></heading> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of + course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no + financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply + lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest + in FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term + viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their + entries here for inclusion. See + <url url="../commercial/commercial.html" name="the Vendors page"> + for a longer list. + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦bþÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif?</heading> + + <p>Ápµ¸ <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , ¥LÌ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@Óµ¹ FreeBSD + ¥Îªº Motif 2.0 ®M¥ó. + + <p>¦b³o®M¥ó¤¤¥]¬A¤F: + <itemize> + <item>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm. + + <item>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake + files. + + <item>Static and dynamic libraries. + + <item>Demonstration applets. + + <item>Preformatted man pages. + </itemize> + + <p>¦b§A¸ò¥LÌqÁÊ Motif ®É, ½Ð¤@©wµù©ú§Anªº¬O FreeBSD ªºª©¥»! + ¦]¬° <em>Xi Graphics</em> ¤]¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F BSDI ¸ò Linux ª©¥»ªº Motif. + ¥Ø«eµo¦æªºª©¥»¬O©ñ¦b¥|¶ôºÏ¤ù¤¤, ±N¨Ó¥LÌ·|±N©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è³£©ñ¨ì¥úºÐ¸Ì, + ´N¹³¥L̩ҵo¦æªº CDE ¤@¼Ë. + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦bþÃä§ä¨ìµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº CDE?</heading> + + <p>Ápµ¸ <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , ¥LÌ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@Óµ¹ FreeBSD + ¥Îªº CDE 1.0.10 ®M¥ó, ¸Ì±¥]¬A¤F Motif 1.2.5, ¨Ã¥B¥L̪º CDE ¤]¥i¥H¦b + Motif 2.0 ¤U«Ü¥¿±`ªº°õ¦æ. + + <p>CDE ¬O¥Î¥úºÐªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ, FreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¤@¼Ë. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ¨ºÃ䦳n¿ú, ¦ý¬O°ª®Ä²vªº X servers?<label id="xig"> + </heading> + + <p>¦p§A©ÒÄ@, <url url="http://www.xig.com" name="Xi Graphics"> + ´£¨Ñ¤F Accelerated-X µ¹ FreeBSD ¸ò¨ä¥L Intel based ªº¨t²Î. + + <p>³oÓ°ª®Ä²vªº X Server ¦³«D±`²³æªº³]©w¤è¦¡, ¨Ã¥B¤ä´©¤F¥Ø«e¥«±¤W + ·í¬õªº¦U¤j¼tµPªºÅã¥Ü¥d, ³Ì«nªº¬O, ¥¦¥uµ¹§A Binary. + ¥¦¬O¥ÎºÏ¤ùªº¤è¦¡µo¦æ, FreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¤@¼Ë. + + <p>§A¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ªºì¼t¥|¤ù¥úºÐ¤¤§ä¨ì³oÓ°ª®Ä²v X Server ªº demo ª©, + ·íµM§A¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ¦bºô¸ô¤W§ä¨ì. <!-- ³o¬q§Ú¦³¥[ªF¦è --> + + <p>Xi Graphics ¤]¦³¦b½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif ¸ò CDE (©¹¤W±¬Ý¬Ý). + + <descrip> + <tag/§ó¦hªº¸ê°T/ + <url url="http://www.xig.com/" name="Xi Graphics WWW page"> + + <tag/©Î/ <url url="mailto:sales@xig.com" name="Sales"> or + <url url="mailto:support@xig.com" name="Support"> email addresses. + + <tag/©Î/ phone (800) 946 7433 or +1 303 298-7478. + </descrip> + + <sect1> + <heading>¦b FreeBSD ¤W¦³¥ô¦óªº¸ê®Æ®w¶Ü?</heading> + + <p>¦³! Conetic Software Systems ¤w¸g±N¥L̪º C/base ¸ò C/books + ports ¨ì FreeBSD 2.0.5(©Î§ó°ªª©¦¸)¤W, ¦Ó Sleepycat Software ¤]¦b½æ + ¤@®M¦³°Ó·~¤ä´©ªº¸ê®Æ®w¨ç¦¡®w. + + <descrip> + <tag/For more information/ + <url url="http://www.conetic.com/" name="Conetic Software Systems"> + + <tag/or mail/ + <url url="mailto:info@conetic.com" name="Information E-mail address">, + + <tag/and/ + <url url="http://www.sleepycat.com/" name = "Sleepycat Software">. + </descrip> + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a5071a57b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,492 @@ +<!-- $Id: hackers.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by --> +<!-- English Version: 1.11 --> + + <sect> + <heading>For serious FreeBSD hackers only<label id="hackers"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading> + What are SNAPs and RELEASEs? + </heading> + + <p>There are currently three active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi" name="CVS Repository">: + + <itemize> + <item><bf/RELENG_2_2/ AKA <bf/2.2-stable/ AKA <bf/"2.2 branch"/ + <item><bf/RELENG_3/ AKA <bf/3.x-stable/ AKA <bf/"3.0 branch"/ + <item><bf/HEAD/ AKA <bf/-current/ AKA <bf/4.0-current/ + </itemize> + + <p><bf/HEAD/ is not an actual branch tag, like the other two, it's + simply a symbolic constant for + <em/"the current, non-branched development stream"/ which we simply + refer to as <bf/-current/. + + <p>Right now, <bf/-current/ is the 4.0 development stream and the + <bf/3.0-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_3/, forked off from + <bf/-current/ in Jan 1999. + + <p>The <bf/2.2-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_2/, departed -current in + November 1996. + + <p>The <bf/2.1-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_1_0/, departed -current in + September of 1994. This branch has been fully retired. + + <sect1> + <heading> + How do I make my own custom release?<label id="custrel"> + </heading> + + <p>To make a release you need to do three things: First, you need to + be running a kernel with the <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?vn" name="vn"> driver configured + in. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: + + <verb> + pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) + </verb> + + <p>Second, you have to have the whole CVS repository at hand. + To get this you can use <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="CVSUP"> + but in your supfile set the release name to cvs and remove any tag or + date fields: + + <verb> + *default prefix=/home/ncvs + *default base=/a + *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org + *default release=cvs + *default delete compress use-rel-suffix + + ## Main Source Tree + src-all + src-eBones + src-secure + + # Other stuff + ports-all + www + doc-all + </verb> + + <p>Then run <tt/cvsup -g supfile/ to suck all the good bits onto your + box... + + <p>Finally, you need a chunk of empty space to build into. Let's + say it's in <tt>/some/big/filesystem</tt>, and from the example + above you've got the CVS repository in <tt>/home/ncvs</tt>: + + <verb> + setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs + cd /usr/src/release + make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release + </verb> + + <p>An entire release will be built in + <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release</tt> and you will have a full FTP-type + installation in <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp</tt> when you're + done. If you want to build your SNAP along some other branch than + -current, you can also add <tt/RELEASETAG=SOMETAG/ to + the make release command line above, e.g. <tt/RELEASETAG=RELENG_2_2/ + would build an up-to-the- minute 2.2-STABLE snapshot. + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I create customized installation disks?</heading> + + <p>The entire process of creating installation disks and source and + binary archives is automated by various targets in + <tt>/usr/src/release/Makefile</tt>. The information there should + be enough to get you started. However, it should be said that this + involves doing a ``make world'' and will therefore take up a lot of + time and disk space. + + <sect1> + <heading>``make world'' clobbers my existing installed binaries.</heading> + + <p>Yes, this is the general idea; as its name might suggest, + ``make world'' rebuilds every system binary from scratch, so you can be + certain of having a clean and consistent environment at the end (which + is why it takes so long). + + <p>If the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ is defined while running + ``<tt/make world/'' or ``<tt/make install/'', the newly-created + binaries will be deposited in a directory tree identical to the + installed one, rooted at <tt>${DESTDIR}</tt>. + Some random combination of shared libraries modifications and + program rebuilds can cause this to fail in ``<tt/make world/'', + however. + + <sect1> + <heading> + When my system boots, it says ``(bus speed defaulted)''. + </heading> + + <p>The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure + their bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the + 1542 driver tried to determine the fastest usable speed and set + the adapter to that. We found that this breaks some users' + systems, so you now have to define the ``<tt/TUNE_1542/'' kernel + configuration option in order to have this take place. Using it + on those systems where it works may make your disks run faster, + but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could be + corrupted. + + <sect1> + <heading> + Can I follow current with limited Internet access?<label id="ctm"> + </heading> + + <p>Yes, you can do this <tt /without/ downloading the whole source tree + by using the <url url="../handbook/ctm.html" name="CTM facility."> + + <sect1> + <heading>How did you split the distribution into 240k files?</heading> + + <p>Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that + allows them to split files on arbitrary byte boundaries. + + <p>Here is an example from <tt>/usr/src/Makefile</tt>. + + <verb> + bin-tarball: + (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ + tar cf - . \ + gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ + split -b 240640 - \ + ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>I've written a kernel extension, who do I send it to?</heading> + + <p>Please take a look at <url url="../handbook/contrib.html" + name="The Handbook entry on how to submit code."> + + <p>And thanks for the thought! + + <sect1> + <heading>How are Plug N Play ISA cards detected and initialized?</heading> + + <p>By: <url url="mailto:uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org" + name="Frank Durda IV"> + + <p>In a nutshell, there a few I/O ports that all of the PnP boards + respond to when the host asks if anyone is out there. So when + the PnP probe routine starts, he asks if there are any PnP boards + present, and all the PnP boards respond with their model # to + a I/O read of the same port, so the probe routine gets a wired-OR + ``yes'' to that question. At least one bit will be on in that + reply. Then the probe code is able to cause boards with board + model IDs (assigned by Microsoft/Intel) lower than X to go + ``off-line''. It then looks to see if any boards are still + responding to the query. If the answer was ``<tt/0/'', then + there are no boards with IDs above X. Now probe asks if there + are any boards below ``X''. If so, probe knows there are boards + with a model numbers below X. Probe then asks for boards greater + than X-(limit/4) to go off-line. If repeats the query. By + repeating this semi-binary search of IDs-in-range enough times, + the probing code will eventually identify all PnP boards present + in a given machine with a number of iterations that is much lower + than what 2^64 would take. + + <p>The IDs are two 32-bit fields (hence 2ˆ64) + 8 bit checksum. + The first 32 bits are a vendor identifier. They never come out + and say it, but it appears to be assumed that different types of + boards from the same vendor could have different 32-bit vendor + ids. The idea of needing 32 bits just for unique manufacturers + is a bit excessive. + + <p>The lower 32 bits are a serial #, ethernet address, something + that makes this one board unique. The vendor must never produce + a second board that has the same lower 32 bits unless the upper + 32 bits are also different. So you can have multiple boards of + the same type in the machine and the full 64 bits will still be + unique. + + <p>The 32 bit groups can never be all zero. This allows the + wired-OR to show non-zero bits during the initial binary search. + + <p>Once the system has identified all the board IDs present, it will + reactivate each board, one at a time (via the same I/O ports), + and find out what resources the given board needs, what interrupt + choices are available, etc. A scan is made over all the boards + to collect this information. + + <p>This info is then combined with info from any ECU files on the + hard disk or wired into the MLB BIOS. The ECU and BIOS PnP + support for hardware on the MLB is usually synthetic, and the + peripherals don't really do genuine PnP. However by examining + the BIOS info plus the ECU info, the probe routines can cause the + devices that are PnP to avoid those devices the probe code cannot + relocate. + + <p>Then the PnP devices are visited once more and given their I/O, + DMA, IRQ and Memory-map address assignments. The devices will + then appear at those locations and remain there until the next + reboot, although there is nothing that says you can't move them + around whenever you want. + + <p>There is a lot of oversimplification above, but you should get + the general idea. + + <p>Microsoft took over some of the primary printer status ports to + do PnP, on the logic that no boards decoded those addresses for + the opposing I/O cycles. I found a genuine IBM printer board + that did decode writes of the status port during the early PnP + proposal review period, but MS said ``tough''. So they do a + write to the printer status port for setting addresses, plus that + use that address + <tt/0x800/, and a third I/O port for reading + that can be located anywhere between <tt/0x200/ and <tt/0x3ff/. + + <sect1> + <heading>Does FreeBSD support architectures other than the x86?</heading> + + <p>Several groups of people have expressed interest in working on + multi-architecture ports for FreeBSD and the FreeBSD/AXP (ALPHA) + port is one such effort which has been quite successful, now + available in 3.0 SNAPshot release form at <url + url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha/" + name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha">. The ALPHA + port currently runs on a growing number of ALPHA machine + types, among them the AlphaStation, AXPpci, PC164, Miata and Multia + models. This port is not yet considered a full release and won't be + until a full compliment of system installation tools and a distribution + on CDROM installation media is available, including a reasonable + number of working ports and packages. + FreeBSD/AXP should be considered BETA quality software at this + time. For status information, please join the + <tt><freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.ORG></tt><ref id="mailing" + name="mailing list">. + + Interest has also been expressed in a port of FreeBSD to + the SPARC architecture, join the <tt><freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.ORG> + </tt><ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> if you are interested + in joining that project. For general discussion on new architectures, + join the <tt><freebsd-platforms@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list">. + + <sect1> + <heading>I need a major number for a device driver I've written.</heading> + + <p>This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver + publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the + driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to + <tt>files.i386</tt>, a sample configuration file entry, and the + appropriate <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV" + name="MAKEDEV"> code to create any special files your device uses. If + you do not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then + character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been reserved + specifically for this purpose; please use them. In any case, we'd + appreciate hearing about your driver on + <tt><freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG></tt>. + + + <sect1> + <heading>Alternative layout policies for directories</heading> + + <p> + In answer to the question of alternative layout policies for + directories, the scheme that is currently in use is unchanged + from what I wrote in 1983. I wrote that policy for the original + fast filesystem, and never revisited it. It works well at keeping + cylinder groups from filling up. As several of you have noted, + it works poorly for find. Most filesystems are created from + archives that were created by a depth first search (aka ftw). + These directories end up being striped across the cylinder groups + thus creating a worst possible senario for future depth first + searches. If one knew the total number of directories to be + created, the solution would be to create (total / fs_ncg) per + cylinder group before moving on. Obviously, one would have to + create some heuristic to guess at this number. Even using a + small fixed number like say 10 would make an order of magnitude + improvement. To differentiate restores from normal operation + (when the current algorithm is probably more sensible), you + could use the clustering of up to 10 if they were all done + within a ten second window. Anyway, my conclusion is that this + is an area ripe for experimentation.</p> + + <p>Kirk McKusick, September 1998</p> + + <sect1> + <heading>Making the most of a kernel panic</heading> + + <p> + <em>[This section was extracted from a mail written by <url + url="mailto:wpaul@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Bill Paul"> on the + freebsd-current <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> by <url + url="mailto:des@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Dag-Erling Coïdan + Smørgrav">, who fixed a few typos and added the bracketed + comments]</em> + + <p> + <verb> +From: Bill Paul <wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu> +Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops +To: ben@rosengart.com +Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT) +Cc: current@FreeBSD.ORG + </verb> + + <p> + <em>[<ben@rosengart.com> posted the following panic + message]</em> + <verb> +> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode +> fault virtual address = 0x40 +> fault code = supervisor read, page not present +> instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5 + ^^^^^^^^^^ +> stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24 +> frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28 +> code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b +> = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1 +> processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0 +> current process = 80 (mount) +> interrupt mask = +> trap number = 12 +> panic: page fault + </verb> + + <p> [When] you see a message like this, it's not enough to just + reproduce it and send it in. The instruction pointer value that + I highlighted up there is important; unfortunately, it's also + configuration dependent. In other words, the value varies + depending on the exact kernel image that you're using. If you're + using a GENERIC kernel image from one of the snapshots, then + it's possible for somebody else to track down the offending + function, but if you're running a custom kernel then only + <em/you/ can tell us where the fault occured. + + <p> What you should do is this: + + <itemize> + <item>Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the + <tt/0x8:/ part at the begining is not significant in this case: + it's the <tt/0xf0xxxxxx/ part that we want. + <item>When the system reboots, do the following: + <verb> +% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx + </verb> + where <tt/f0xxxxxx/ is the instruction pointer value. The + odds are you will not get an exact match since the symbols + in the kernel symbol table are for the entry points of + functions and the instruction pointer address will be + somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you don't + get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction + pointer value and try again, i.e.: + <verb> +% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx + </verb> + If that doesn't yield any results, chop off another digit. + Repeat until you get some sort of output. The result will be + a possible list of functions which caused the panic. This is + a less than exact mechanism for tracking down the point of + failure, but it's better than nothing. + </itemize> + + <p> I see people constantly show panic messages like this but + rarely do I see someone take the time to match up the + instruction pointer with a function in the kernel symbol table. + + <p> The best way to track down the cause of a panic is by + capturing a crash dump, then using <tt/gdb(1)/ to to a stack + trace on the crash dump. Of course, this depends on <tt/gdb(1)/ + in -current working correctly, which I can't guarantee (I recall + somebody saying that the new ELF-ized <tt/gdb(1)/ didn't handle + kernel crash dumps correctly: somebody should check this before + 3.0 goes out of beta or there'll be a lot of red faces after the + CDs ship). + + <p> + In any case, the method I normally use is this: + + <itemize> + <item>Set up a kernel config file, optionally adding 'options DDB' if you + think you need the kernel debugger for something. (I use this mainly + for setting beakpoints if I suspect an infinite loop condition of + some kind.) + <item>Use <tt/config -g KERNELCONFIG/ to set up the build directory. + <item><tt>cd /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG; make</tt> + <item>Wait for kernel to finish compiling. + <item><tt/cp kernel kernel.debug/ + <item><tt/strip -d kernel/ + <item><tt/mv /kernel /kernel.orig/ + <item><tt>cp kernel /</tt> + <item>reboot + </itemize> + + <p> <em>[Note: Now that FreeBSD 3.x kernels are Elf by default, + you should use <tt/strip -g/ instead of <tt/strip -d/. If for some + reason your kernel is still a.out, use <tt/strip -aout -d/.]</em> + + <p> Note that YOU DO <em/NOT/ WANT TO ACTUALLY BOOT THE KERNEL + WITH ALL THE DEBUG SYMBOLS IN IT. A kernel compiled with <tt/-g/ + can easily be close to 10MB in size. You don't have to actually + boot this massive image: you only need it later for <tt/gdb(1)/ + (<tt/gdb(1)/ wants the symbol table). Instead, you want to keep + a copy of the full image and create a second image with the + debug symbols stripped out using <tt/strip -d/. It is this + second stripped image that you want to boot. + + <p> To make sure you capture a crash dump, you need edit + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> and set <tt/dumpdev/ to point to your swap + partition. This will cause the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts to use the + <tt/dumpon(8)/ command to enable crash dumps. You can also run + <tt/dumpon(8)/ manually. After a panic, the crash dump can be + recovered using <tt/savecore(8)/; if <tt/dumpdev/ is set in + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>, the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts will run + <tt/savecore(8)/ automatically and put the crash dump in + <tt>/var/crash</tt>. + + <p> NOTE: FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as the + physical RAM size of your machine. That is, if you have 64MB of + RAM, you will get a 64MB crash dump. Therefore you must make sure + there's enough space in <tt>/var/crash</tt> to hold the dump. + Alternatively, you run <tt/savecore(8)/ manually and have it + recover the crash dump to another directory where you have more + room. It's possible to limit the size of the crash dump by using + <tt/options MAXMEM=(foo)/ to set the amount of memory the kernel + will use to something a little more sensible. For example, if + you have 128MB of RAM, you can limit the kernel's memory usage + to 16MB so that your crash dump size will be 16MB instead of + 128MB. + + <p> Once you have recovered the crash dump, you can get a stack + trace with <tt/gdb(1)/ as follows: + + <p> + <verb> +% gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0 +(gdb) where + </verb> + + <p> Note that there may be several screens worth of information; + ideally you should use <tt/script(1)/ to capture all of them. + Using the unstripped kernel image with all the debug symbols + should show the exact line of kernel source code where the panic + occured. Usually you have to read the stack trace from the + bottom up in order to trace the exact sequence of events that + lead to the crash. You can also use <tt/gdb(1)/ to print out the + contents of various variables or structures in order to examine + the system state at the time of the crash. + + <p> Now, if you're really insane and have a second computer, you + can also configure <tt/gdb(1)/ to do remote debugging such that + you can use <tt/gdb(1)/ on one system to debug the kernel on + another system, including setting breakpoints, single-stepping + through the kernel code, just like you can do with a normal + user-mode program. I haven't played with this yet as I don't + often have the chance to set up two machines side by side for + debugging purposes. + + <p> <em>[Bill adds: "I forgot to mention one thing: if you have + DDB enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, you can + force a panic (and a crash dump) just by typing 'panic' at the + ddb prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during the panic + phase. If it does, type 'continue' and it will finish the crash + dump." -ed]</em> + + </sect> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..889eeea30b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ +<!-- $Id: hardware.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by gsl@tpts4.seed.net.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.14 --> + + <sect> + <heading>µwÅ骺¬Û®e©Ê<label id="hardware"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´©þ¨ÇµwºÐªº¤¶±¡H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD ¤ä´© EIDE ¤Î SCSI ¶gÃä (¦³µÛ¬Û®eªº controller¡F + ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤U¤@¬q)¡A¥H¤Î¨Ï¥Î¡uWestern Digital¡v¤¶±ªº¶gÃä (MEM¡B + ¡BRLL¡BESDI¡A·íµM¡AIDE ¤]¦b¥]¬A¤º)¡C¦ý¤Ö¼Æ¨Ï¥Î±M¦³ªº ESDI + ªº¤¶±µLªk¹B§@¡G¹³¬O WD1002/3/6/7 ¤¶±µ¥µ¥¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>þ¤@¨Ç SCSI ¥d¦³³Q¤ä´©¡H</heading> + + <p>¦b <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:hw.html" name="Handbook"> ¸Ì¦³§¹¾ãªº¸ê®Æ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>þ¤@¨Ç CD-ROM ³Q FreeBSD ©Ò¤ä´©¡H</heading> + + <p>º¥ý¡A¥ô¦ó±µ¦b SCSI ¤¶±¤Wªº CDROM ³£¦³³Q FreeBSD ©Ò¤ä´©¡C + + <p>¨ä¦¸¡A¤U±©Ò¦Cªº CD-ROM ¤]³£¦³³Q¤ä´©¡G + + <itemize> + <item>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) ¤Î FX001D (16bit ¨â¿³t)¡C<newline> + <item>Sony CDU 31/33A<newline> + <item>±µ¦b Sound Blaster ¤W«D SCSI ¤¶±ªº CD-ROM<newline> + <item>Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM<newline> + <item>¬Û®e©ó ATAPI IDE ¤¶±ªº CD-ROM<newline> + </itemize> + + <p>¤w¸gª¾¹D«D SCSI ªº¶gÃä³]³Æ·|¤ñ SCSI ªººC«Ü¦h¡A¥t¥~¡A¦³¤@¨Ç ATAPI + CDROM (³o¤]´N¬O»¡«D SCSI ªº CDROM) ¥i¯àµLªk¹B§@¡C + + <p>¹ï¤F¡A2.2 ª©ªº FreeBSD CDROM (¥Ñ Walnut Creek ¾ã²zªº) ¤ä´©¥úºÐ¶}¾÷¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© ZIP ¶Ü¡H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD ·íµM¤ä´© SCSI ZIP¡C¦ý¬O ZIP ¥u¯à°÷³Q³]©w¦b SCSI ID 5 ©Î¬O 6 + ¡C¦ý¦pªG SCSI ¥d¤Wªº BIOS ¤ä´©¥¦¡A§A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C§Ṳ́£¾å±oþ¤@ + ¶ô¥d¥i¥HÅý§A§â¥dªº ID ³]¦b°£¤F 0 ©Î 1 ¥H¥~ªº¦a¤è¶}¾÷... ¬Ý¬Ý§Aªº»¡©ú¤â + ¥U (ªG§A¦¨¥\ªº¸Ü¡A¤]½Ð§AÅý§Ú̪¾¹D) + + <p>ATAPI (¤]´N¬O IDE ¤¶±) ZIP ¤w¸g¦b FreeBSD 2.2.6 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»³Q¤ä´©¤F¡C + + <p>FreeBSD 3.0-CURRENT ¤]¦³¤ä´© parallel ZIP¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤£¹L§A»Ýn»s§@¤@Ó¥i¥H + ¤ä´© ppbus (Parallel Port Bus) ªº kernel¡A¥HÅý§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î§Aªº ZIP¡C½Ð°Ñ + ¦Ò LINT ³oÓÀɮסC + + <p>¤]¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò<ref id="jaz" name="¦³Ãö¥i¥H²¾°Êªº³]³Æ">¡A + ¤Î<ref id="disklabel" name="¦³Ãö©ó format ªº¸ê®Æ">¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD ¦³¤ä´© JAZ¡BEZ ¤Î¨ä¥L¹³³o¤@Ãþ¥i¥H²¾°Êªº³]³Æ¶Ü¡H + </heading> + + <p>°£¤F IDE ªº EZ drive ¥~¡A¨ä¥LªºÀ³¸Ó³£¬O SCSI ¤¶±¡C©Ò¥H§AÀ³¸Ó±N¤j³¡ + ¥÷³]³Æ¬Ý¦¨ SCSI ºÏºÐ¾÷¡A§â³Ñ¤U¨º¨Çªº IDE EZ ªº³]³Æ¬Ý¦¨ IDE ³]³Æ¡C + + <p><label id="jaz">§Ų́䣽T©w FreeBSD ¹ï©ó§ó´« jaz ºÏ¤ù®Éªº¤ä´©«ç¼Ë + ¡C¦ý§Ú̪¾¹D¥²»Ý¦b©â´« jaz ºÏ¤ù«e±N³oÓÀɮרt²Î¥ý¨ø¤U¡C·íµM¡A§A¥²»Ý½T + ©w¦b¶}¾÷®É³o¨Ç³]³Æªº¹q·½¬O¥´¶}ªº¡A¥H«KÅý FreeBSD ¥i¥H°»´ú¨ì¡C + + <p>°Ñ¦Ò<ref id="disklabel" name="¦³Ãö©ó format ºÏ¤ùªº¸ê®Æ">¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¦³¨º¨Ç multi-port serial ¥d³Q FreeBSD ©Ò¤ä´©¡H</heading> + + <p>§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò<htmlurl url="../handbook/install:misc.html" + name="¨ä¥L¶gÃä³]³Æ">ªºªí¡C + + <p>ÁöµM¦³¨Ç¥d¬O¨SµPªº¡A¦ý¤]¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤U¤u§@¡A¹³¬O¸¹ºÙ¤ä´© AST ªº¥d¡C + + <p>°Ñ¦Ò <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" + name="sio ³o¥÷»¡©ú¤å¥ó">¥i¥HÅý§A¤F¸Ñ§ó¦h¦³Ãö©ó³o¤@Ãþ¥dªº¸ê°T¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¦³¤@°¦ bus mouse¡C§Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó³]©w¡H<label id="busmouse"></heading> + + <p>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¥Ñ Microsoft, Logitech ¤Î ATI ©Ò¥Í²£ªº bus mouse ¤Î InPort + bus mouse¡C³o¨Ç·Æ¹«ªº driver ³£¤w¸g¤º§t¦b GENERIC ¸Ì±¤F¡C¦pªG§A¦Û¤v¦³«·s + °µ¤@Ó kernel¡A½Ð½T©w¦³¨S¦³§â¤U¦C³o¤@¦æ¥[¤J§Aªº kernel config file¡G + + <verb> + device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq5 vector mseintr + </verb> + + <p>¶R bus mouse ®ÉÀ³¸Ó·|§t¤@¶ô¤¶±¥d¡C³o¶ô¥d¤¹³\§A³]©w¤£¦Pªº port address ¤Î + IRQ number¡C°Ñ¦Ò§Aªº»¡©ú¤â¥U¤Î <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mse" + name="mse man page"> ¨Ó±o¨ì§ó¦hªº¸ê°T. + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î PS/2 mouse ©Î¬O PS/2 keyboard¡H<label id="ps2mouse"></heading> + + <p>¦pªG§Aªº FreeBSD ¬O 2.2.5 ¥H¤Wªºª©¥» (§t 2.2.5)¡A¨º»ò§A»Ýnªº driver ¤£¶È©ñ¨ì + kernel ¸Ì±¤F¡A¦Ó¥B§Aªº PS/2 ³]³ÆÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b¶}¾÷®É³Q°»´ú¨ì¡C + + <p>¦pªG§A¥Îªº¬O 2.1.x ¨ì 2.2.5 (¤£§t 2.2.5) ª©ªº FreeBSD¡A§A¥i¥H¦b + ¶}¾÷ªº®ÉÔ¶i¤J¡ukernel configuration menu¡v¸Ì¥h±Ò°Ê¡A¤]´N¬O¦b¶}¾÷®É¥X²{ + boot: ªº²Å¸¹«á¥´¤J -c¡C¦]¬°¹w³]ȬOÃö±¼ªº¡A©Ò¥H§A¥²»Ý¦Û¤v¥h±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C + + <p>¦pªG§A¥Îªº¬O§óªºª©¥»¡A§A»Ýn¦Û¤v½s¤@Ó kernel¡A¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɸ̱¥[¤J¡G + + <verb> + device psm0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr + </verb> + + <p>¦pªG§A¹ï©ó¦Û¤v½s¤@Ӯ֤ߨS¦³¸gÅç¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò<htmlurl + url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="¡u½s¤@Ӯ֤ߡv"> + + <p>¦pªG¦b¶}¾÷®É¦³§ä¨ì psm0 «o¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î¡A½Ð½T©w¦b /dev ¤U¦³ psm0 ³oÓ³]³ÆÀÉ¡C + ¦pªG¨S¦³¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¥Î root ªº¨¥÷¿é¤J¤U±³o¦æ¨Ó°µ¥X¡G + + <verb> + cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>¬O§_¦³¥i¯à¦b X Window ¤§¥~¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«©O¡H<label id="moused"></heading> + + <p>¦pªG§A¥Îªº¬O default console driver¡A¤]´N¬O syscons¡A¦Ó·Qn¥Î + ·Æ¹««ü¼Ð¨Ó°Å¶K¤å¦r¡A¨º»ò´N°õ¦æ·Æ¹«ªº daemon¡A¤]´N¬O moused¡AµM«á + ¥Î¤U±³o¨â¦æ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¥¦¡G + + <verb> + moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy + vidcontrol -m on + </verb> + + <p><tt>xxxx</tt> ªº¦a¤è¶ñ¤J mouse ªº device name¡A¦Ó <tt>yyyy</tt> + ¶ñ¤J³o°¦·Æ¹«ªº protocol type¡C§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused" name="moused"> + ³oÓ man page ¨Ó§ä¬Ý¬Ý¦³¨º¨Ç protocol types ¥i¥H¶ñ¡C + + <p>¦pªG§A·Qn¦b¶}¾÷®É´N°õ¦æ moused¡C¦b 2.2.1 ª©¤§«e (§t 2.2.1)¡A¨ì + <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> ³]©w¤U±ªºÈ¡G + + <verb> + mousedtype="yyyy" + mousedport="xxxx" + mousedflags="" + </verb> + + ¦b 2.2.2 ª©¥H«á (§t 2.2.2) ¨ì <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ³]©w¤U±ªºÈ¡G + + <verb> + moused_type="yyyy" + moused_port="xxxx" + moused_flags="" + </verb> + + <p>¥t¥~±q 2.2.6 ª©¶}©l¡Amoused ¥i¥H¦Û°Ê¨M©w protocol type¡A°£«D·Æ¹«¹ê¦b + ¬O¤Ó¤F¡C¦pªG¤Óªº¸Ü¡A¦b moused_type ¶ñ¤J ``<tt>auto</tt>''¡AµM«á¬èë + ¥i¥H°»´úªº¨ì¡C + + <p>·í°õ¦æ moused «á¡A·Qn¦b¨ä¥Lµ{¦¡¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«»Ýn¹³ X Window ³oÃþªºÀ³¥Î + µ{¦¡¡C°Ñ¦Ò¥»¤åªº <ref id="x-and-moused" name="¥t¥~¤@¬q"> + + <sect1> + <heading>¦p¦ó¦b text console ¸Ì°Å¶K¡H</heading> + + <p>·í°õ¦æ moused «á¡A(°Ñ¦Ò<ref id="moused" name="«e¤@¬q">)¡A«ö¦í¥ªÁä¡A + ²¾°Ê·Æ¹«¨Ó¿ï¾Ü¤@Ӱϰ줧«á©ñ¶}¡CµM«á¡A«ö¤U¤¤Áä©Î¥kÁä¡A´N¥i¥H¶K¤W¥h¤F¡C + + <p>¦b 2.2.6 ª©«á (§t 2.2.6)¡A«ö¤U¤¤Áä·|°õ¦æ¶K¤W³oӰʧ@¡A¦ý«ö¤U¥kÁä·|©µ¦ù + ©Ò¿ï¨úªº°Ï°ì¡C¦pªG§Aªº·Æ¹«¨S¦³¤¤Áä¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î¼ÒÀÀªº¤è¦¡©Î¬O«·s©w¸q·Æ¹««ö + Á䪺¤è¦¡¨Ó¹F¦¨¡u©µ¦ù¡vªº¥\¯à¡C°Ñ¦Ò <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused" name="moused"> ³oÓ man + pages ¨Ó±o¨ì§ó¦h¬ÛÃö¸ê°T¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Úªº·Æ¹«¤W¦³ºu½ü¡A¯à¤£¯à¦b FreeBSD ¤U¨Ï¥Î¡H</heading> + + <p>«Ü¤£©¯ªº¡A¦b¤j¦h¼Æªº±¡ªp¤U¤£¦æ¡C³o¨Ç±a¦³ºu½üªº·Æ¹«»Ýn¥Î¯S + ®íªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C°£«D·Æ¹«¦³³Q§Aªºµ{¦¡©Î¬OÅX°Êµ{¦¡©Ò¤ä´©¡A¤£µM³o¨Ç·Æ + ¹«¥u¯à°÷·í¦¨¬O´¶³qªº¨âÁä©Î¤TÁ䪺·Æ¹«¨Ï¥Î¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú¯à¦b§Úªº laptop ¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«/y¸ñ²y/touchpad ¶Ü¡H + </heading> + + <p>°Ñ¦Ò<ref id="ps2mouse" name="¤W¤@¬qªºµª®×">¡A¨Ã¥B°Ñ¦Ò + <ref id="pao" name="this note"> on the Mobile Computing page. + + <sect1> + <heading>¦³¨º¨Ç tape ©PÃ䦳³Q¤ä´©¡H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SCSI¡AQIC-36 (QIC-02 ¤¶±) ¤Î QIC-40/80 (Floppy ¤¶±) tape drives¡C + ¥]¬A 8-mm (aka Exabyte) ¤Î DAT drives¡C¤w¸gª¾¹D QIC-40/80 drives «ÜºC¡C + + <p>¬Y¨Ç¦´Áªº 8-mm drives ¨Ã¤£¬Û®e©ó SCSI-2¡A¥i¯à¨S¦³¿ìªk¦b FreeBSD ¤W¹B§@¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© tape changer ¶Ü¡H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD 2.2 §Q¥Î <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ch(4)" + name="ch"> ³oÓ³]³Æ¨Ó¤ä´© SCSI changers¡A§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio" name="chio"> ³oÓ«ü¥O¡C + ¦p¦ó±±¨î changer ªº¤èªk¥i¥H¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio" + name="chio"> ³o¥÷»¡©ú¤å¥ó¸Ì§ä¨ì¡C + + <p>¦pªG§A¤£¬O¥Î <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?amanda" name="AMANDA"> ©Î + ¨ä¥L¤w¸g³Qª¾¹Dªº changer¡A°O¦í¡A§A¥uª¾¹D¦p¦ó±N¤@Ó tape ±q¨ä¤¤¤@Ó²¾¨ì¥t¥~¤@Ó¡A + ©Ò¥H§A»Ýn°O¦í¨º¤@Ó tape ¦b¸Ì±¡A¤Î²{¦b¦³¨º¤@Ó tape »Ýn©ñ¦^¥h¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¦³¨º¨Çµ®Ä¥d¦³³Q FreeBSD ¤ä´©¡H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SoundBlaster¡ASoundBlaster Pro¡ASoundBlaster 16¡A + Pro Audio Spectrum 16¡AAdLib ¤Î Gravis UltraSound sound cards¡C + ¦ý¹ï©ó MPU-401 ¤Î¨ä¬Û®e MIDI ¥dªº¤ä·½¦³¡C¹ï©ó¨Ï¥Î Microsoft + Sound System ªº¥d¥i¥H³z¹L pcm ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡C + + <p><bf/NOTE/ ³oÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥u¾A¥Î©óÁnµ¤è±¡A¦Ó¥B¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¦b³o¨Ç + ¥d¤Wªº CD-ROM¡ASCSI ©Î joysticks¡C¦ý¤]¦³¨Ç¨Ò¥~¡A¹³¬O SoundBlaster¡B + SoundBlaster SCSI ¤¶±¤Î¬Y¨Ç«D SCSI CDROMS ¦³³Q¤ä´©¡A¦ý§AµLªk¨Ï¥Î³o + ¨Ç³]³Æ¶}¾÷¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¨º¨Çºô¸ô¥d³Q FreeBSD ©Ò¤ä´©¡H</heading> + + <p>°Ñ¦Ò<htmlurl url="../handbook/install:nics.html" name="¤A¤Óºô¸ô¥d"> + ¡A¸Ì±¦³§¹¾ãªº²M³æ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Úªº¹q¸£¨S¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâ¾¹¡A³oÅ¥°_¨Ó¦n¹³¤£¤Ó¦n¡H</heading> + + <p><tt /Note/ ³o¥u·|¼vÅT¨ì¥Î 386/486SX/486SLC ªº¤H - ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¥Lªº CPU ³£ + ¤w¸g¤º§t²ÅÂI¹Bºâ¾¹¤F¡C + + <p>¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡³o¤£·|³y¦¨¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡A¦ý·í§An¥Îªº®ÉÔ¡AµL½×¦b®Ä²v¤W»Pºë±K«×¤W¡A + ¼ÒÀÀ¯BÂI¹Bºâªºµ{¦¡½X¤£¯àÝÅU (°Ñ¦Ò<ref id="emul" name="²ÅÂI¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹">)¡C + ¤×¨ä¬O¦b X ¤U±µe©·§Î®É·|«ÜºC¡C©Ò¥H¡A§ÚÌÁÙ¬O·|«ØÄ³¶R¤@Áû²ÅÂI¹Bºâ¾¹¡C + + <p><bf/NOTE/ ¦³¨Ç¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¤ñ¨ä¥Lªº¦n¡C¦ý¬O¨S¦³¤H±j¢§A¶R Intel ªº¡C + °£«D§A½T©w§A¶Rªº¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥¿½Tªº¤u§@¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>2.X Á٤䴩¨º¨Ç³]³Æ¡H</heading> + + <p>½Ð¦h¦h°Ñ¦Ò <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:misc.html" name="Handbook"> + ¡A¸Ì±¦³¦C¥X¡C + +<!-- + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún¶R¤@»O·sªº¾÷¾¹¡A¦³¥ô¦ó«ØÄ³¥i¥Hµ¹§Ú¶Ü¡H</heading> + + <p>¦pªG§An¦Û¦æ²Õ¸Ë¡A§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ¤¤ªº<htmlurl + url="../handbook/hw.html" name="µwÅé">¡A©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò<htmlurl + url="../commercial/hardware.html" name="µwÅé¼t°Ó">´£¨Ñ§A¤F¸Ñ¦U®a + ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ªº¾÷¾¹¡C +--> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¹q·½ºÞ²z¨t²Î¶Ü¡H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD ¤ä´©¬Y¨Ç¾÷¾¹¤Wªº APM¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <tt/LINT/ ³oÓ kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡A + ¨Ã§ä¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?apm" + name="APM"> ³oÓÃöÁä¦r¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¦b¬Y¨ÇµwÅé¤W©Ò²£¥Íªº°ÝÃD</heading> + <p>¥»¬q¥]¬A¤F¬Y¨ÇµwÅé©Ò²£¥Íªº°ÝÃD¡C + <sect2> + <heading>¦b Micron systems ªº¥D¾÷ªO¤W§Ú¨S¦³¿ìªk¶i¤J FreeBSD</heading> + <p>Micron ªº¬Y¨Ç¥D¾÷ªO¨S¦³¿í¦u PCI BIOS ªº³W©w¡A¦Ó¾É¦Ü©ó·í¶i¤J FreeBSD + ®É±¾±¼¡C¦]¬°³o¨Ç PCI ªº³]³Æ¨S¦³¦b¶}¾÷®É¦V¥D¾÷ªO³ø§i¥Lªºªº¦ì¸m¡C + <p>¶i¤J BIOS «á¡A±N¡uPlug and Play Operating System¡v³o¶µµ¹ disable ±¼ + ¥i¥H¼È®É¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG§A·Q±o¨ì§ó¦h¦³Ãö Micron ªº°T®§¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò + <htmlurl + url="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron" + name="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron"> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¦³¤@¶ô·s¶Rªº Adaptec ¥d¡A¦ý¬O FreeBSD §ä¤£¨ì¥¦¡C + </heading> + + <p>Adaptec ·sªº AIC789x ¨t¦C´¹¤ù²Õ¦bè¥XĪªº CAM SCSI Àô¹Ò¤U¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C + 3.0-CURRENT ¤Î 2.2-STABLE »Ýn patches¡A¦b + <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/" + name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/">¡CA CAM-enhanced ¶}¾÷ºÏ¤ù¦b + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~abial/cam-boot/" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/~abial/cam-boot/">¡CµL½×§A¬O¥Î¨º¤@Ó¡A½Ð¥ý°Ñ¦Ò README + </p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú³o¦³¤@Ó PnP ªº modem¡A¦ý¬O FreeBSD ¨S§ä¨ì«¨¡H + </heading> + + <p>§A»Ýn§â modem ªº PnP ID ¥[¨ì serial ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº PnP ID ªí¸Ì¡AµM«á±N PnP ªº¥\¯à + µ¹¥´¶}¡C¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɸ̥[¤J <tt/controller pnp0/ «á¦A«·s½sͤ@Ӯ֤ߡAµM«á« + ·s±Ò°Ê§Aªº¨t²Î¡C®Ö¤ß·|¦C¥X¥¦©Ò§ä¨ìªº©Ò¦³³]³Æªº PnP ID¡C½Ð±N³o¨Ç modem ªº PnP ID + ½Æ»s¨ì <tt>/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt>¡A¤j¬ù 1200 ¦æªº¦a¤è¡C§A¥i¥H§ä "SUP1310" ³oÓ + ¦r¦ê¨ÓÀ°§U§A§ä¨ì "siopnp_ids[]" ³oÓªí¡C¦A«·s½sͤ@Ó kernel ¤§«á«·s¶}¾÷¡A§Aªº + modem À³¸Ó·|³Q§ä¨ì¤F¡C + </p> + + <p>§A¤]¥i¥H¦b¶}¾÷®É¤â°Ê¿é¤JÃþ¦ü¤U±ªº¦r¦êÅý®Ö¤ß¬Ý¨ì§Aªº modem¡G + <verb> + pnp 1 0 enable os irq0 3 drq0 0 port0 0x2f8 + </verb> + </p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¸Ó¦p¦ó¦b serial console «e¬Ý¨ì boot: ³oÓ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡H + </heading> + + <p><enum> + <item>¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ßÀɸ̱¥[¤J¤@¦æ <tt/options COMCONSOLE/¡AµM«á«·s½sͧAªº®Ö¤ß¡A + <item>µM«á¨ì /boot.config ¸Ì¼g¤J <tt/-P/ ³o¨âÓ¦r¡C + <item>Unplug the keyboard from the system. + </enum></p> + + <p>°Ñ¦Ò <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial</tt> ¨Ó¤F¸Ñ§ó¦hªº¸ê°T¡C</p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + + + <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Úªº 3Com PCI ºô¸ô¥d¨S¦³¿ìªk¦b Micron ¥D¾÷ªO¤W¤u§@¡H</heading> + <p>¬Y¨Ç Micron ¥D¾÷ªO¨S¦³¿í¦u PCI BIOS ªº³W©w¦Ó¨Ï±o PCI ªº¶gÃä³]³Æ¨S¦³¦^³ø + ¥L̪º¦ì¸m¡C³o¨Ï±o¦b¶i¤J FreeBSD ®É·|±¾±¼¡C + <p>¦pªGn¼È®É¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¦b BIOS ¸Ì disable¡uPlug and Play Operating System¡v + <p>¦³Ãö Micron §ó¦hªº°T®§¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¡G + <htmlurl + url="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron" + name="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron"> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© Symmetric Multiproccessing (SMP) ¶Ü? + </heading> + + <p>SMP ¥u¦b 3.0-CURRENT ³Q¤ä´©. + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..011f61b8b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +<!-- $Id: includes.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> + +<!-- book stores --> +<!ENTITY isbn.amazon 'http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN'> + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bcd2cce3af --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,632 @@ +<!-- $Id: install.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.13 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>¦w¸Ë FreeBSD<label id="install"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú¸Ó¤U¸üþ¨ÇÀÉ®×¥H¨ú±o FreeBSD¡H</heading>
+
+ <p>³q±`§A¥u»Ýn¤@±i³nºÐ¬M¹³ÀÉ¡A<em>floppies/boot.flp</em>¡A§â¥¦«þ
+ ¨©¨ì 1.44MB ³nºÐ¤ù¤WµM«á±Ò°Ê¥¦¡A¦A¥h¤U¸ü¨ä¥Lªº³¡¥÷(¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç·|ºÞ
+ ²z§Aªº TCP/IP ³s½u¡A¥H¤Î tapes¡A¥úºÐ¾÷¡A³nºÐ¾÷¡ADOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡A¤Î
+ ¨ä¥L¥un¬O¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤»Ýn¥Î¨ìªº)¡C
+
+ <p>Y§A¥u»Ýn¦Û¤v¤U¸ü distributions(¥i¨³³tªº¥Ñ DOS Àɮרt²Î¨Ó¦w¸Ë)
+ ¡A¥H¤U¬O§ÚÌ«ØÄ³§A§ì¨Ó¦w¸Ëªº distributions¡G
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item> bin/<newline>
+ <item> manpages/<newline>
+ <item> compat*/<newline>
+ <item> doc/ <newline>
+ <item> src/ssys.* <newline>
+ </itemize>
+
+ <p>¦w¸Ëµ{§Çªº§¹¾ã«ü¥O¡A¥H¤Î§ó¦h´¶¹M©Ê¦w¸Ë®É·|¸I¨ìªº°ÝÃD¥i¥H¦b
+ <url url="../handbook/install.html"
+ name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD.">³o¸Ì§ä¨ì¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>±Ï©R¡I±Ò°Êªº³nºÐ¬M¹³ÀɵLªk¶ë¨ì¤@¤ù³æ¿Wªº³nºÐ¤ù¸Ì¡I
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>¤@±i 3.5 ^¦T(1.44MB)³nºÐ¤ù¥i¥H®e¯Ç 1474560 ¦ì¤¸²Õªº¸ê®Æ¡C
+ ±Ò°Êªº¬M¹³ÀÉ´Nè¦n¬O³oÓ¤j¤p¡C
+ <p>¦b·Ç³Æ±Ò°Ê³nºÐ¤ù®É±`¨£ªº¿ù»~¦³¡G
+ <itemize>
+ <item>¨Ï¥Î <tt>FTP</tt> ®É¨S¦³¨Ï¥Î <tt>binary</tt> ¼Ò¦¡¡C
+ <p>¬Y¨Ç FTP client ³nÅ饦̤º©wªº¶Ç¿é¼Ò¦¡¬O <tt>ascii</tt>
+ ¨Ã¥B¸ÕµÛ§ó§ï¥ô¦ó¦b²×ºÝ³Q±µ¦¬ªº¦r¤¸¡A¥H²Å¦X³oÓ client ¨t²Î¥»¨
+ ¡C¤j³¡¤À±¡§Î¤U³o¥²µM·|·´·l±Ò°Ê¬M¹³ÀÉ¡AÀˬd¤@¤U§A¤U¸üªº±Ò°Ê
+ ¬M¹³Àɤj¤p¡G¦pªG³o¤£¬O<em>§¹¥þ¦a</em>²Å¦X server ºÝ¤WªºÀÉ
+ ®×¤j¤p¡A¨º»ò§Aªº¤U¸üµ{§Ç´N¦³°ÝÃD¡C
+
+ <p>¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡G¦b§A³s±µ¤W server ¦ý©|¥¼¶}©l¤U¸ü¬M¹³Àɤ§«e¡A
+ ¬Ý¨ì FTP ©R¥O´£¥Ü¸¹®É¥´ <tt>binary</tt>¡C
+
+ <item>¨Ï¥Î DOS ªº <tt>copy</tt> ©R¥O(©Îµ¥®Äªº GUI ¤u¨ã)¨Ó§â±Ò
+ °Ê¬M¹³Àɶǰe¨ì³nºÐ¤ù¡C
+ <p>Ãþ¦ü¹³ <tt>copy</tt> ªºµ{¦¡¡A¦b±Ò°Ê¬M¹³ÀɳQ«Ø¥ß¨Ã¥Bª½±µ
+ ¶}¾÷«á¨Ã¨S¦³¥\¥Î¡C¬M¹³Àɸ̦³§¹¾ãªººÏºÐ¤º®e¡AºÏy¹ïºÏy¡A³o¥N
+ ªíµÛ§AµLªk¥ÎºÏ¤ù¤W©T©wªºÀÉ®×¥h¨ú¥N¥¦¡C
+ §A¥²¶·§â¥¦¶Ç°e¨ì³nºÐ¤ùªº``raw''¤W¡A¨Ï¥Î§C¶¥¤Æ¤u¨ã(¹³¬O
+ <tt>fdimage</tt> ©Î <tt>rawrite</tt>)¡A³o¨Ç¦b
+ <url url="../handbook/install.html" name="installation guide to
+ FreeBSD">¸Ì±¦h¦³´yz¡C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ªº«ü¥O¬O¤°»ò¡H</heading>
+
+ <p>§A¥i¥H¦b³o¸Ì§ä¨ì¦w¸Ë«ü¥O¡C
+ <url url="../handbook/install.html"
+ name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD.">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>n°õ¦æ FreeBSD §ÚÁÙ»Ýn¤°»ò¡H</heading>
+
+ <p>§A»Ýn¤@¥x 386 ©Î§ó¦nªº PC¡A¥]§t 5MB ©Î§ó¦hªº RAM¥H¤Î¦Ü¤Ö 60MB
+ ªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡¡C¥i¥H¶È¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó§C¶¥ªº MDA ¹Ï§Î¥d¡A¦pªG§An°õ¦æ X11R6
+ ¡A»Ýn VGA ©Î§ó¦nªºµø°T¥d¡C
+
+ <p>¥ç°Ñ¦Ò³oÓ³¹¸` <ref id="hardware" name="Hardware compatibility">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú¥u¦³ 4MB RAM¡A¨º§Ú¯à¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ¶Ü¡H</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 ¬O³Ì«á¤@Ó¥i¦b 4MB ¨t²Î¤W³Q¦w¸Ëªºª©¥»¡C·sª©ªº
+ FreeBSD¡A¹³¬O 2.2¡A»Ýn¦Ü¤Ö 5MB ¨Ó¦w¸Ë¥¦¦b¤@Ó¥þ·sªº¨t²Î¤W¡C
+
+ <p>FreeBSD ªº©Ò¦³ª©¥»¡A¥]¬A 3.0¡A³£¦b 4MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¤U°õ¦æ¡A¤£¹L¦w¸Ë
+ ®É¤£¯à¥u¥Î 4MB¡C¦pªG§A·Q³o¼Ë¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¦w¸Ë®É¥[¤JÃB¥~ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡AµM
+ «áµ¥¨t²Î¥i¥H°õ¦æ«á¡A´«¦^ 4MB¡C©Î¬O§A¥i¥H§â§AªººÏºÐ¾÷¤Á¥X¤@Ó 4MB
+ ¥H¤W¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¡A¦w¸Ë¦n¨t²Î«á¦A§â¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¬å±¼¡C
+
+ <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 ¤]¦³¤£¯à¦b 4MB ¦w¸Ëªº±¡§Î¡C¥¿½Tªº»¡¡AÀ³¸Ó¬O«ü
+ ¤£¯à¦b°ò¥»ªº 640kB ¥[¤W 3MB ©µ¦ù°O¾ÐÅé¸Ì¦w¸Ë¡C¦pªG§Aªº¥D¾÷ªO
+ ¥i¥H«·s§ä¦^¦b 640kB ¨ì 1MB ½d³ò¤¤¨º¨Ç``¿ò¥¢''ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¨º»ò
+ ©Î³\§AÁÙ¬O¥i¥H§â FreeBSD 2.1.7 ¸Ë°_¨Ó¡C
+
+ <p>¸ÕµÛ¶i¤J§Aªº BIOS ³]©w¿ï³æ¨Ã§ä¤@Ó``remap''¿ï¹³¡A§â¥¦¥´¶}¡C
+ §A©Î³\¤]¸Ó§â ROM shadowing µ¹Ãö±¼¡C
+
+ <p>¥u¦b¦w¸Ë®É¨Ï¥Î 4MB ¥i¯à®e©ö¤@ÂI¡A«Ø¥ß¤@Ó¥u¦³§A»Ýnªº¿ï¶µªº
+ ®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡µM«á´N¥i¥H¥Î¥u¥Î 4MB¡C
+
+ <p>§A¤]¥i¥H¦w¸Ë 2.0.5 µM«á¦A§â§Aªº¨t²Î¥Î 2.1.7 ¦w¸Ëµ{¦¡¸Ì
+ ``upgrade''ªº¿ï¶µ¤É¯Å¨ì 2.1.7 ª©¥»¡C
+
+ <p>¦w¸Ë«á¦pªG§A«Ø¥ß¤@Ó¦Ûqªº®Ö¤ß¡A³o±N·|¦b 4MB ¤U°õ¦æ¡C´¿¦³
+ ¤H¦¨¥\ªº¥Î 2MB ¶}¾÷(¤£¹L¨t²Î´X¥G¤£¯à¥Î :-))¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò»s§@¦Ûqªº¦w¸Ë³nºÐ¤ù¡H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>¥Ø«e§AµLªk *¥u* »s§@¤@Ó¦Ûqªº¦w¸Ë³nºÐ¤ù¡C§A¥²¶·°µ¥X¾ãÓ¥þ·sªº
+ release ¨t²Î¡A³o¸Ì±´N¥]¬A§Aªº¦w¸Ë³nºÐ¤ù¡C¬Y¨Ç¦b
+ <tt>/usr/src/release/floppies/Makefile</tt> ¸Ìªºµ{¦¡½X°²³]¯àÅý
+ §A*¥u*°µ¥X¨º¨Ç³nºÐ¤ù¡A¦ý¬O¨Æ¹ê¤WÁÙ¤£¦æ¡C
+
+ <p>n°µ¥X¦Ûqªº release ª©¥»¡A½Ð¿í´` <ref id="custrel" name="here">
+ ªº«ü¥O¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦b§Úªº PC ¤W¾Ö¦³¶W¹L¤@Ó¥H¤Wªº§@·~¨t²Î¶Ü¡H</heading>
+
+ <p>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <url url="../tutorials/multios/multios.html"
+ name="The multi-OS page.">
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>Windows 95 ¥i¥H¸ò FreeBSD ¨Ã¦s¶Ü¡H</heading>
+
+ <p>¥ý¦w¸Ë Windows 95¡AµM«á¦A¸Ë FreeBSD¡CFreeBSD ªº±Ò°ÊºÞ²zû
+ ·|±µµÛºÞ²z Win95 ©M FreeBSD¡C°²¨Ï§A²Ä¤GÓ¤~¸Ë Win95¡A¥¦±N·|
+ °Ý³£¤£°Ýªº²Ê¾|¦a§â§Aªº±Ò°ÊºÞ²zûÂмg¹L¥h¡C°²¦p³o¤w¸gµo¥Í¡A
+ ½Ð¬Ý¤U¤@¸`¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ Windows 95 §â§Úªº±Ò°ÊºÞ²zû±þ±¼¤F¡I§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â¥¦±Ï¦^¨Ó¡H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>§A¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U¨âºØ¤èªk¤§¤@¨Ó«·s¦w¸Ë FreeBSD ªº±Ò°ÊºÞ²zû¡G
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>°õ¦æ DOS¡A¶i¤J§Aªº FreeBSD distributions ªº tools/ ¥Ø¿ý
+ ¨Ã§ä¨ì <bf>bootinst.exe</bf>¡C§A¥i¥H³o¼Ë°õ¦æ¥¦¡G
+
+ <p><bf>bootinst.exe boot.bin</bf>
+
+ <p>³o¼Ë±Ò°ÊºÞ²zû±N·|¦A¦¸³Q¦w¸Ë¡C
+
+ <item>¥Î FreeBSD ±Ò°Ê³nºÐ¤ù¦A¦¸¶}¾÷µM«á¶i¤J Custom ¦w¸Ë¿ï³æ
+ ¶µ¥Ø¡A¿ï¾Ü Partition¡A¿ï¾Ü¨ºÓ¥]§t±Ò°ÊºÞ²zûªººÏºÐ¾÷(¤j¦h¬O
+ ²Ä¤@Ó)¡AµM«á·í¤À³Î°Ï½s¿è¾¹(partition editor)¥X²{®É¡A²Ä¤@¥ó
+ ¨Æ(·N«ä´N¬O¡G¤£n°µ¥ô¦ó§ó§ï) ¥ý¿ï¾Ü (W)rite¡C·|¥X²{½T»{ªº¸ß
+ °Ý¡A¦^µª yes¡AµM«á·í§A¬Ý¨ì Boot Manager ªº¿ï¾Ü´£¥Ü®É¡A½T©w
+ §A¿ïªº¬O"Boot Manager"³o¶µ¡C
+ ³o·|§â±Ò°ÊºÞ²zû«·s¼g¦^ºÏºÐ¸Ì¡C¸õÂ÷¦w¸Ë¿ï³æµM«á´N¸ò¥¿±`±¡§Î
+ ¤@¼Ë«·s±Ò°ÊµwºÐ¡C
+ </itemize>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¦b¤@Ó¦³Ãay(bad block)ªººÏºÐ¤W¶i¦æ¦w¸Ë¶Ü¡H</heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD ªº bad block (<htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?bad144" name="bad144">
+ ©R¥O) ³B²z¨Ã«D 100&percnt §¹¥þ(¥Î¹Ï§Î¤Æ¨Ó¬Ý)¡A¦Ó¥B«Ü¤£©¯§Ún§i
+ ¶D§A°²¦p§A¦³¤@Ó IDE ©Î ESDI ¸Ë¸m¥]§t¤j¶qªº bad blocks¡A¨º»ò
+ FreeBSD ¥i¯à¤£¾A¦X§A¡I³oªí¥Ü¡A¹ï¨ä¥L¤j¦h¼Æªº IDE ¨t²Î¥i¯à¦³
+ ¥Î¡A§A¥i¯à·Q¦b©ñ±ó«e¥ý¹Á¸Õ¬Ý¬Ý¡C
+
+ <p>¦pªG§A¦³¤@Ó¦³ bad blocks ªº SCSI ¸Ë¸m¡A½Ð¬Ý <ref id="awre"
+ name="this answer">.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>·í§Ú±Ò°Ê¦w¸Ë³nºÐ¤ù®É¡A©_©Çªº¨Æ±¡µo¥Í¤F¡I</heading>
+
+ <p>¦pªG§A¬Ý¨ì©_©Çªº¨Æ±¡¡A¹³¬O¾÷¾¹°±¦í¤F©Î¬O·í§A¸ÕµÛ±q¦w¸ËºÏ¤ù°_
+ °Ê®É¬ðµM¦Û°Ê«·s¶}¾÷¤F¡A³o¸Ì¦³¤TÓ°ÝÃD§A¸Ó¥ý°Ý°Ý¦Û¤v:-
+
+ <enum>
+ <item>§A¬O§_¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó·sªº¡Aè®æ¦¡¤Æ¹L¡A¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¿ù»~ªº³nºÐ¤ù(¥i
+ ¥H¬O¤@±i¥þ·sè©î«Êªº¡A¦Ó«D¬O¨ººØ¤w¸g§Aªº§É¤U½ö¤F¤T¦~¡A¬OÂø»xÃØ
+ °eªº«Ê±ºÏ¤ù)¡H
+
+ <item>§A¬O§_¥Î binary ¼Ò¦¡¤U¸ü³nºÐ¬M¹³ÀÉ¡H
+ (¤£¥Î¤£¦n·N«ä¡A´Nºâ¬O§Ṳ́§¤¤³Ì¦nªº¤@Ó¤H¤]´¿·N¥~ªº§â binary
+ ÀɥΠASCII ¼Ò¦¡¤U¸ü¦Ü¤Ö¤@¦¸¡I)
+
+ <item>¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Î¹³¬O Windows95 ©Î Windows NT ³o´XºØ·s«¬ªº
+ §@·~¨t²Î¡A§A¦³¨S¦³§â¨t²ÎÃö¾÷µM«á±Ò°Ê¨ì³Ìì©lª¬ºA¡A¥u¦³ DOS¡H
+ ³o¨Ç OS ¬Ý°_¨Ó·|ªý꨺¨Çª½±µ¾Þ§@µwÅ骺µ{¦¡¡A¹³¬O«Ø¥ßºÏºÐªºµ{¦¡
+ ¡A¥un¦b GUI Àô¹Ò¤Uªº DOS shell ´N·|¾ÉP³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C
+ </enum>
+
+ <p>¤]¦³¹L³ø§i¦³Ãö Netscape ·|¾ÉP¤U¸ü±Ò°Ê³nºÐªº°ÝÃD¡A¦]¦¹¦pªG§A
+ ¥i¥H¡A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î§OºØ¤£¦Pªº FTP client ¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>±Ï©R¡I§Ú¤£¯à±q tape ¦w¸Ë¡I</heading>
+
+ <p>¦pªG§A±q tape ¦w¸Ë 2.1.7¡A§A¥²¶·¥Î¨CÓ tar blocksize ¬O 10
+ (5120 bytes)«Ø¥ß³oÓ tape¡C¤º©wªº tar blocksize ¬O 20(10240
+ bytes)¡AµM¦Ó¥Î³oºØ¤º©w¤j¤p«Ø¥ßªº tape µLªk¥Î¨Ó¦w¸Ë 2.1.7R¡F
+ ¦pªG§A¥Î³oºØ tapes¡A§A·|¬Ý¨ì¦³Ãö¸ê®Æ°O¿ý°Ï¤j¤p¹L¤jªº©ê«è°T
+ ®§¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>¥Î¤@±ø¨ÃÁp½u(PLIP)³s±µ¨â¥x FreeBSD¡C
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>§ä¤@±ø laplink ½u¡A½T©w¨âÃä¹q¸£ªº®Ö¤ß³£¤ä´© lpt ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C
+
+ <verb>
+ $ dmesg | grep lp
+ lpt0 at 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa
+ lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
+ lp0: TCP/IP capable interface
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>§â laplink ½u´¡¤J¨ÃÁp¬É±¤W¡C
+
+ <p>¥Î root ¨¤À¦b¨â¥x¹q¸£¤W³]©w lp0 ªººô¸ô¬É±°Ñ¼Æ¡CÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG
+ §A·Q¥Î max ³s±µ moritz¡G
+
+ <verb>
+ max <-----> moritz
+IP Address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
+ </verb>
+
+ max ºÝÀ³¸Ó³o¼Ë¶}©l¡G
+ <verb>
+ # ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
+ </verb>
+
+ moritz «h³o¼Ë¡G
+
+ <verb>
+ # ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1
+ </verb>
+
+ <P>¦n¤F¡I¤]½Ð§A¬Ý¬Ý lp(4) ©M lpt(4) ªº manpages¡C
+
+ <P>§A¤]¸Ó§â³o¨Ç¥D¾÷¥[¨ì /etc/hosts ¸Ì±¡C
+
+ <verb>
+ 127.0.0.1 localhost.my.domain localhost
+ 10.0.0.1 max.my.domain max
+ 10.0.0.2 moritz.my.domain moritz
+ </verb>
+
+ <P>¥Î¥H¤U¤èªkÀˬd¬O§_¦³¥¿±`°Ê§@¡G
+
+ on max:
+
+<verb>
+$ ifconfig lp0
+lp0: flags=8851<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
+ inet 10.0.0.1 --> 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000
+</verb>
+
+<verb>
+$ netstat -r
+Routing tables
+
+Internet:
+Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
+moritz max UH 4 127592 lp0
+</verb>
+
+<verb>
+$ ping -c 4 moritz
+PING moritz (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes
+64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms
+64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms
+64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms
+64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms
+
+--- moritz ping statistics ---
+4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
+round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms
+</verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ §Ú¥i¥H¦b§Úªº½¥¤W«¬¹q¸£¥Î PLIP(Parallel Line IP)¦w¸Ë¶Ü¡H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>¥Î laplink ¨ÃÁp½u³s±µ¨â¥x¹q¸£¥H¨Ï¥Î³oÓ¯S©Ê¡G
+
+ <verb>
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |A-name A-End B-End Descr. Port/Bit |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA0 2 15 Data 0/0x01 |
+ |-ERROR 15 2 1/0x08 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA1 3 13 Data 0/0x02 |
+ |+SLCT 13 3 1/0x10 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA2 4 12 Data 0/0x04 |
+ |+PE 12 4 1/0x20 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA3 5 10 Strobe 0/0x08 |
+ |-ACK 10 5 1/0x40 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |DATA4 6 11 Data 0/0x10 |
+ |BUSY 11 6 1/0x80 |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ |GND 18-25 18-25 GND - |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Mobile Computing ºô¶ªº <ref id="pao" name="this note">¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¨Ï¥Î¤@ӺϺи˸mªº´X¦ó(geometry)¡H
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>(¤@¥xºÏºÐªº"gromrtry"¡A§ÚÌ«üªº¬O³o¥xºÏºÐ¤W cylinders, heads
+ ©M sectors/track ªº¼Æ¥Ø - ¬°¤F¤è«K¥BºÙ¤§¬° C/H/S¡C³o¬O PC ªº
+ BIOS ¥Î¨ÓŪ/¼gºÏºÐªº¨Ì¾Ú)¡C
+
+ <p>¬°¤F¬Y¨Ç²z¥Ñ¡A³o¦ü¥G·|¾ÉP«Ü¦h§xÂZ¡Cº¥ý¡A¤@¥x SCSI ¸Ë¸mªº
+ <tt /physical/ geometry ¸ò FreeBSD ¦b¨Ï¥Îªº disk blocks ¬O§¹
+ ¥þµLÃöªº¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¨Ã¨S¦³©Ò¿×"physical geometry"³oºØªF¦è¡A³o
+ ¬O«üºÏºÐ¾÷¤WºÏ°Ï±K«×ªºÅÜ¤Æ - »s³y°Ón¨D¬O"¯u¹êªº"physical
+ geometry ³q±`¬O«ü¡A¥L̩үà§ä¥X®ö¶O³Ì¤ÖªÅ¶¡ªº geometry µ²ªG¡C
+ ¹ï IDE ºÏºÐ¨Ó»¡¡AFreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î C/H/S ¤è¦¡¤u§@¡A¦ý¬O©Ò¦³²{¦b
+ ªººÏºÐ¤w¸g¦b¤º³¡§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨°Ñ¦Ò block ¤F¡C
+
+ <p>¥t¥~´N¬O©Ò¿×ªº<tt /logical/ geometry - ³o¬O·í BIOS °Ý"§Aªº
+ geometry ¬O¤°»ò¡H"ªº®ÉÔ¡A©Ò±o¨ìªºµª®×¨Ã¥B§â¥¦¥Î¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐ¡C
+ ·í¶}¾÷®É FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î BIOS ¸ê®Æ¡AÅý³oÓ¥¿½T¬O¬Û·í«nªº¡C¥t¥~
+ ¡A¦pªG§A¦b¦P¤@ӺϺо÷¤W¦³¤@Ó¥H¤Wªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¥LÌ¥²¶·³£¦P·N
+ grometry¡A§_«h§A¦b¶}¾÷®É·|¦³¤j°ÝÃD¡I
+
+ <p>¹ï SCSI ºÏºÐ¾÷¨Ó»¡¡Ageometry ªº¨Ï¥Î¬O¨Ì¾a±Ò°Ê±±¨î¾¹¨Ó¤ä´©
+ extended translation (³o³q±`ºÙ¤§¬°"¹ï>1GB DOS ºÏºÐ¾÷
+ ªº¤ä´©©Î"Ãþ¦üªººÙ©I)¡C¦pªG¤£¤ä´©¡A¨º»ò¨Ï¥Î N cylinders¡A64
+ heads ©M 32 sectors/track¡A³o¸Ì'N'¬O«üºÏºÐ¾÷ªº MB ®e¶q¡CÁ|¨Ò
+ ¨Ó»¡¡A¤@Ó 2GB ªººÏºÐ¾÷À³¸Ó°²³]¥¦¦³ 2048 cylinders¡A64 heads
+ ©M 32 sectors/track¡C
+
+ <p>¦pªG¥¦½T©w<tt /¬O/ ¥´¶}ªº(³q±`´£¨Ñ³oºØ¤èªk¦b MSDOS ¤U¦³¬Y¨Ç
+ ¨î)¡A¨Ã¥BºÏºÐ®e¶q¶W¹L 1GB¡A¨Ï¥Î M cylinders, ¨CÓ track 63 sectors
+ (*¦Ó«D* 64)¡A¥H¤Î 255 heads¡A³o¸Ì 'M' ¬O¨C MB ªººÏºÐ®e¶q°£¥H
+ 7.844238 (!)¡C©Ò¥H§Ú̪º³oÓ½d¨Ò¡A2G ºÏºÐ¾÷´N¦³ 261 cylinders,
+ ¨CÓ track 63 sectors ¥H¤Î 255 heads¡C
+
+ <p>¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¥H¤W³oÓ¡A©Î¬O FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤n°»´ú geometry
+ ªº¥¿½T©Ê®É¥¢±Ñ¤F¡A³Ì²³æªº¸Ñ¨M¤èªk³q±`¬O¦bºÏºÐ¤W«Ø¥ß¤@Ó¤pªº DOS
+ ¤À³Î°Ï¡C¥¿½Tªº geometry À³¸Ó¯à³Q°»´ú¨ì¡]¦Ó¥B¦pªG§A¤£·Q«O¯d¥¦¡A
+ §AÁ`¬O¥i¥H¦b¤À³Î°Ï½s¿è¾¹¸Ì§â³oÓ DOS ¤À³Î°Ï²¾°£±¼¡A©Î¬O§â¥¦¯d¤U
+ ¨Ó¡Aµ¹µ{¦¡¤Æºô¸ô¥d¨Ï¥Î©ÎÀH§A°ª¿³«ç»ò¥Î¥¦¡^¡C
+
+ <p>¥t¥~¡A¦³¤@Ó§K¶O¦Ó¦³¥Îªº¤½¥Îµ{¦¡¥s ``<tt/pfdisk.exe/'' ÀHµÛ
+ FreeBSD ´²¼½¥X¨Ó¡]¦ì©ó FreeBSD CDROM ªº <tt>tools</tt> ¤l¥Ø¿ý
+ ¤U©Î¬O¦b¤j¦h¼Æªº FreeBSD ftp ¯¸¥x¤º¥i§ä¨ì¡^¡A³oÓµ{¦¡¥i¥Î¨Ó¸Ñ
+ ¨M§ä¥X¥t¤@§@·~¨t²Î¥¿¦b¨Ï¥ÎºÏºÐ¾÷¤Wªºþ¶ô geometry¡CµM«á§A´N¥i
+ ¥H¦b¤À³Î°Ï½s¿è¾¹¸Ì±¿é¤J¥¦¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>·í§Ú¤À³ÎºÏºÐ¾÷¹ê¦³¥ô¦ó¨î¶Ü¡S</heading>
+
+ <p>¬Oªº¡C§A¥²¶·½T»{§Aªº root ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦b 1024 cylinders ¤§¤º¡AÅý
+ BIOS ¥i¥H±q¨ä¤¤±Ò°Ê®Ö¤ß¡C(ª`·N¡G³o¬O PC ªº BIOS ¥\¯à¨î¡A¦Ó¤£
+ ¬O FreeBSD ªº¡^
+
+ <p>¹ï SCSI ¸Ë¸m¨Ó»¡¡A³o³q±`«ö¸ÕµÛ root ¤À³Î°Ï±N·|³B©ó¶}©lªº 1024
+ MB(©Î¬O¶}©lªº 4096MB¡A¦pªG extended translation ¬O¥´¶}ªº - ½Ð
+ °Ñ¦Ò«e¤@¸`)¡C¹ï IDE ¨Ó»¡¡A¬ÛÃöªº³¡¥÷¬O 504MB¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎºÏºÐºÞ²zµ{¦¡(disk managers)¶Ü¡S©Î¬O¡A§Ú¦³¤@Ó¥¨¤jªººÏºÐ¾÷¡I
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>FreeBSD »{ÃÑ Ontrack Disk Manager ¨Ã¥B¤¹³\¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡A¨ä¥Lªº disk
+ managers «h¤£¦b¤ä´©¤§¦C¡C
+
+ <p>¦pªG§A¥u·Q¦bºÏºÐ¾÷¤W¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ¨º»ò§A®Ú¥»¤£»Ýn disk manager¡C
+ ¥un§âºÏºÐ³]©w¦¨ BIOS ¯à§ì¨ìªº³Ì¤jªÅ¶¡(³q±`¬O 504 megabytes)¡A¨º»ò
+ FreeBSD À³¸Ó´N¥i¥Hºâ¥X§A¨Æ¹ê¤W¾Ö¦³¦h¤ÖªÅ¶¡¡C¦pªG§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó MFM
+ ±±¨î¾¹¨Ó±±¨îªº¦ÑºÏºÐ¡A§A¥i¯à»Ýn©ú¥Õªº§i¶D FreeBSD n¨Ï¥Î¦h¤ÖÓ
+ cylinders¡C
+
+ <p>¦pªG§A·Q¦bºÏºÐ¤W¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD ©M¥t¤@Ó§@·~¨t²Î¡A§A¥i¯à¤£»Ýn
+ disk manager¡G¥un½T©w FreeBSD ªº±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°Ï¸ò¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Îªº
+ slice ³£¦ì©ó¶}©lªº 1024 cylinders ¤º¡C¦pªG§A¬Û·í¦a¤p¤ß¡A¤@Ó
+ 20 megabytes ªº±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°ÏÀ³¸Ó´N°÷¤F¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ·í§Ú±Ò°Ê FreeBSD¡A§Ú¬Ý¨ì ``Missing Operating System''
+ <label id="missing_os">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>³o¬O¤@Ө嫬ªº±¡§Î¡A¦³Ãö FreeBSD ¥H¤Î DOS ©Î¨ä¥L¦bºÏºÐ³B²zªº
+ ¤èªk¤W¦³½Ä¬ðªº OS <ref id="geometry" name="geometry.">¡C§A»Ýn
+ «·s¦w¸Ë FreeBSD¡A¦ý¬O½Ð¿í·Ó¤W±©Ò´£¨ìªº«ü¥OÀ³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¤F¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú¬Ý¤£¨ì boot manager ªº 'F?' ´£¥Ü¸¹¡C</heading>
+
+ <p>³o¬O«e¤@¶©Ò´yz°ÝÃDªº¥t¤@Ó¼x¥ü¡C§Aªº BIOS geometry ©M FreeBSD
+ ªº geometry ³]©w¤£¬Û¦P¡I¦pªG§Aªº±±¨î¾¹©Î BIOS ¤ä´© cylinders
+ translation (³q±`³Q¼Ð¥Ü¦¨``>1GB drive support'')¡A¸ÕµÛ§â³oÓ
+ ³]©w¥´¶}µM«á«·s¦w¸Ë FreeBSD¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ §Ú¦³ >16MB RAM¡C³o·|¾ÉP¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¶Ü¡S<label id="bigram">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>±q®Ä¯àªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý¡A¤£·|¡CFreeBSD 2.X ¤º§t bounce buffers¡A³o¤¹³\
+ §Aªº bus mastering controller ¦s¨ú¶W¹L 16MB¡C(ª`·N¦pªG§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î
+ ISA ¸Ë¸m³oÀ³¸Ó¬O¥²»Ýªº¡A¾¨ºÞ¤@өΨâӧ󦪺 EISA ©M VLB ¸Ë¸m¤]¥i
+ ¯à»Ýn¥¦)¡C
+
+ <p>¤]½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="reallybigram" name=">64M machines">
+ ³o¸`¡A°²¦p§A¦³³o»ò¦h°O¾ÐÅé¡A©Î°²¨Ï§A¨Ï¥Î Compaq ©Î¬O¨ä¥L¯à³B²z
+ ³o»ò¦h¦³¥Î°O¾ÐÅ骺¾÷¾¹¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú»Ýn¦w¸Ë§¹¾ãªºì©lµ{¦¡(sources)¶Ü¡S</heading>
+
+ <p>³q±`¬O¤£»Ýn¡CµM¦Ó¡A·|±j¯P«ØÄ³§A³Ì¤Ö¦w¸Ë ``<tt/base/''
+ source kit¡A³o¥]§t¼ÆÓ³o¸Ì²³æ´yz¹LªºÀɮסAÁÙ¦³ ``<tt/sys/''
+ (kernel) source kit¡A³o¥]§t®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡ªºì©lµ{¦¡¡C¨t²Î¸Ì±¤£»Ý
+ n¦³ì©lµ{¦¡¤~¯à¾Þ§@¡AµM¦Ó¡A°£¤F kernel-configuration µ{¦¡
+ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?config"
+ name="config">¥H¥~¡C¯Ê¤Ö®Ö¤ßªºì©lµ{¦¡¡A§Ú̪º«Ø¿v¬[ºc¬O³]©w
+ ¦¨Åý§A¥i¥H±q§O³B¦p NFS ¨Ó±¾¤W°ß¿Wªºì©lµ{¦¡¡A¦]¦¹ÁÙ¬O¥i¥H»s
+ §@·sªº binaries¡C¡]¦]¬° kernel-source ªº¨î¡A§ÚÌ«ØÄ³§A¤£n
+ ª½±µ§â¥¦±¾¦b <tt>/usr/src</tt> ¤U¡A³Ì¦n¥Î¾A¦Xªº²Å¸¹©Ê«½Æ³s
+ µ²¨ì source tree ªº¤W¼h¬[ºc¡C¡^
+
+ <p>½u¤W¾Ö¦³ sources ¨Ãª¾¹D¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß¤@Ó¨t²Î¡A±N·|Åý§A¦b¤É¯Å¤µ«á
+ FreeBSD ªº releases ª©¥»§ó®e©ö¤@ÂI¡C
+
+ <p>n¹ê»Úªº¿ï¾Ü sources ªº¤@Ó¤l¶°¦X¡A¦b§A¦b¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¤u¨ãªº
+ Distributions ¿ï³æ®É¡A¨Ï¥Î Custom ¿ï³æ¶µ¥Ø¡C<tt>src/install.sh</tt>
+ script ±N·|§â sources distribution ªº³¡¥÷¦w¸Ë¶i¥h¡A¥Dn¬O¬Ý
+ §A¶Ç¤Jþ¨Ç°Ñ¼Æ¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú»Ýn«Ø¥ß¤@Ӯ֤߶ܡS</heading>
+
+ <p>«Ø¥ß¤@Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¦b FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤¬Oµ´¹ï¥²»Ýªº¤@Ó¨BÆJ¡C
+ ¦ý·sª© releases ±a¨Ó¤@Ó§ó¤Íµ½ªº®Ö¤ß³]©w¤u¨ã«ü¥Oªº¦n³B¡C¦b
+ FreeBSD ±Ò°Ê´£¥Ü¸¹(boot:)®É¡A¨Ï¥Î "-c" ºX¸¹§A´N·|¶i¤J¤@Ó³]
+ ©w¿Ã¹õ¡A³o¤¹³\§A°µ±`¨£ ISA ¥dªº³]©w
+
+ <p>¤´µM«ØÄ³§A³Ì«á«Ø¥ß¤@Ӯ֤ߡA¥u¥]§t§A»ÝnªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A³o¬O¬°¤F
+ ¸`¬Ù RAM¡A¦ý¬O¹ï¤j¦h¼Æªº¨t²Î¨Ó»¡³o«o¤£¬OÄY®æªºn¨D¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú¤£¬O¦í¦b¬ü°ê¡A¨º§Ú¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î DES ¶Ü¡S</heading>
+
+ <p>¦pªG¹ï§A¨Ó»¡¨Ï¥Î DES ®æ¦¡ªº¥[±K§Þ³N¤£¬Oµ´¹ï»Ýnªº¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï
+ ¥Î FreeBSD ªº¤º©w¥[±K§Þ³N¡A¦³<bf/§ó¦n/ ªº¦w¥þ©Ê¡A¨Ã¥B¨S¦³ÃB¥~
+ ªº¨î¡CFreeBSD 2.0 ªº±K½X²{¦b¨Ï¥Î¤º©wªº <bf/MD5/-based ¥[¥H
+ ²V¦X¡An¥Î¦Û°Ê¯}¸Ñ±K½Xªºµ{¦¡¥h¯}¸Ñ¥¦¡A¤ñ°_ DES »Ýn§ó¦hªº CPU
+ ±j¤Æ©Ê¡A¥¦ÁÙ¤¹³\§óªøªº±K½X¡C¤µ¤é¤£¨Ï¥Î <bf/MD5/-based ¥[±K§Þ
+ ³Nªº°ß¤@²z¥Ñ¬O¦b FreeBSD ©M«D FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤W¨Ï¥Î¬Û¦Pªº±K½X¶µ
+ ¥Ø¡C
+
+ <p>¦]¬° DES ¥[±Kºtºâªk¤£¯à¥Ñ US ¦Xªk¿é¥X¨ì°ê¥~¡A«D US ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£
+ À³¸Ó±q US FTP ¯¸¥x¤U¸ü³oÓ³nÅé(<tt/secrdist/ªº¥ô¤@³¡¥÷)¡C
+
+ <p>µM¦Ó¥t¥~ÁÙ¦³Ó¦³®Äªº libcrypt¡Aì©lµ{¦¡°ò¥»¤W¥Ñ¿D¬wªº
+ David Burren ¼g¦¨¡C³oÓµ{¦¡½X¥Ø«e¦b¬Y¨Ç«D US FreeBSD mirror
+ ¯¸¥x¤W¥i¥H§ä¨ì¡C³oÓ¨S¦³¨îªº libcrypt ì©lµ{¦¡¡A¥H¤Î¨Ï¥Î¥¦
+ ªº binaries µ{¦¡¡A¥i¥H¦b¥H¤U FTP ¯¸¥xÀò±o¡G
+
+ <descrip>
+ <tag/South Africa/
+ <tt>ftp://ftp.internat.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD</tt><newline>
+ <tt>ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD</tt>
+
+ <tag/Brazil/
+ <tt>ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD</tt>
+
+ <tag/Finland/
+ <tt>ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD/eurocrypt</tt>
+ </descrip>
+
+ <p>«D US ªº <tt/securedist/ ¥i¥H·í¨î©Ê US <tt/securedist/
+ ªº§¹¥þ´À¥N¡C³oÓ <tt/securedist/ package ¦w¸Ë¤èªk¸ò US
+ package §¹¥þ¤@¼Ë(²Ó ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¦w¸Ë¶·ª¾)¡C¦pªG§An¸Ë DES ¥[±Kªk
+ ¡A¦b§A¸Ë¨ä¥L³nÅé«e¡A§AÀ³¸ÓºÉ§Ö§ï¹L¨Ó¡C¦b§A¸Ë¨ä¥L³nÅ餧«e¡C
+
+ <p>«D US ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ½Ð¤Å±q USA ¤U¸ü¥ô¦ó¥[±K³nÅé¡C³o·|¾ÉP¯¸¥xªººÞ²z
+ ªÌ¦]¬°³Q¤U¸üªº³nÅé·S¤W¼ÆÓªk«ß©Êªº§xÃø¡C
+
+ <p>¤@Ó«D US ªº Kerberos distribution ¥ç¥¿¦bµo®i¤¤¡A²{¦æª©¥»³q
+ ¥i¥Ñ°Î¦W FTP <tt>braae.ru.ac.za</tt> ¨ÓÀò±o¡C
+
+ <p>¤]¦³¤@Ó <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> ±Mªù¥Î¨Ó°Q½×
+ «D US ¥[±K³nÅé¡C±ýÀò±o§ó¦h¸ê°T¡A±H¤@«Ê¤º§t³æ¿W¤@¦æ°T®§»¡
+ ``<tt/help/'' ªº email µ¹¡G
+
+ <tt><majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za></tt>.
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ ±Ò°Ê³nºÐ¶}©lŪ¤F¥i¬O«o°±¦b``Probing Devices...''¿Ã¹õ¡C
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>¦pªG§A¦w¸Ë¤F IDE Zip ©Î Jaz ¸Ë¸m¡A²¾°£¥¦¨Ã«·s¸Õ¤@¹M¡C
+ ±Ò°Ê³nºÐ¤ù¥i¯à·|³Q³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m²V²c¤F¡C·í¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¦n¥H«á§A¥i¥H¦A
+ §â¥¦±µ¦^¨Ó¡C§Æ±æ³o¦b¤§«áªº release ª©¥»¥i¥H³Q×¥¿¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>·í§Ú¦w¸Ë¦n«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î«á¡A§Ú¬Ý¨ì``panic: cant mount root''
+ ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡C
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>³oÓ¿ù»~¸Õ¦]¬°±Ò°Ê°Ï¶ô¸ò®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¹ïºÏºÐ¸Ë¸mªº»{ª¾¤£¬Û¦P¡C³q ³oÓ
+ ¿ù»~·|¥X²{¦bÂùºÏºÐªº IDE ¨t²Î¡AµwºÐ±Æ¦C¦b master¡A©Î¬O¦b¤ÀÂ÷ªº
+ IDE ¨t²Î¤W¦³³æ¤@ӺϺо÷¡C·í®Ö¤ß«ü©w²Ä¤GӺϺб±¨î¾¹ªº²Ä¤@ӺϺÐ
+ ¾÷ wd2 ®É¡A±Ò°Ê block «o»{¬°¨t²Î¸Ë¦b wd1(²Ä¤GÓ BIOS ºÏºÐ¾÷)¡C
+ ¦b°»´ú¸Ë¸m®É¡A®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¸ÕµÛ§â±Ò°Ê block »{¬°ªº±Ò°ÊºÏºÐ(wd1) mount
+ °_¨Ó¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W«o¬O wd2¡A©Ò¥H¥¢±Ñ¤F¡C
+
+ <p>n×¥¿³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A°µ¥H¤U´XºØ¤èªk¤§¤@¡G
+
+ <enum>
+ <item>·í Boot: ´£¥Ü¸¹¥X²{®É¡A¿é¤J¡G <tt>1:wd(2,a)kernel</tt>
+ µM«á«ö Enter¡C¦pªG¨t²Î¶}©l¤F¡A´N°õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥O¡G
+<verb>
+echo "1:wd(2,a)kernel" > /boot.config
+</verb>
+ Åý¥¦Åܦ¨¤º©wªº boot string¡C
+ <item>§â FreeBSD ºÏºÐ¾÷²¾¨ì primary IDE controller¡A¦]¦¹µwºÐ¾÷¬O
+ ³sÄòªº¡C
+ <item><url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="Rebuild your kernel,">
+ ק靈Ãö wd ³]©wªº¦æ¼Æ¡G
+
+<verb>
+controller wdc0 at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr
+disk wd0 at wdc0 drive 0
+# disk wd1 at wdc0 drive 1 # comment out this line
+
+controller wdc1 at isa? port "IO_WD2" bio irq 15 vector wdintr
+disk wd1 at wdc1 drive 0 # change from wd2 to wd1
+disk wd2 at wdc1 drive 1 # change from wd3 to wd2
+</verb>
+
+ ¦w¸Ë·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¡C
+ ¦pªG§A²¾°Ê§AªººÏºÐ¾÷¡A¨Ã§Æ±æ§â¥ý«eªº³]©w«ì´_¡A¥un§âºÏºÐ¥Î¹w´Á
+ ªº³]©w¸m´«¦^¨ÓµM«á«·s¶}¾÷¡C§Aªº¨t²ÎÀ³¸Ó´N¯à¦¨¥\ªº±Ò°Ê¡C
+ </enum>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>°O¾ÐÅ骺¨î¬O¤°»ò¡S</heading>
+
+ <p>¹ï°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó»¡¡A(²z½×¤W)¨î¬O 4 gigabytes¡C1 gigabytes ¤w³Q´ú¸Õ
+ ¹L¡F¤@¯ë§A¤£¥i¯à¶R¨ì¥i¥H¤ä´©¶W¹L³oӼƥتº i386 PC¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>ffs Àɮרt²Îªº¨î¬O¤°»ò¡S</heading>
+
+ <p>¹ï ffs filesystems ¦Ó¨¥¡A³Ì¤j²z½×Ȩî¦b 8 terabytes(2G blocks
+ )¡A©Î·í¨Ï¥Î¤º©w block¤j¤p®É¡A¨î¬O 16TB¡CÁÙ¦³¡A³nÅé¨î¬O 1
+ terabytes¡A¦ý¦pªG¬O¸g¹Lק諸Àɮרt²Î¤W 4 terabytes ¬O¥i¯à(¨Ã¥B
+ ¦s¦b)ªº¡C
+
+ <p>³æ¤@ ffs Àɮתº¤j¤p³Ì¤j¬OÁͪñ 1G blocks(4TB) - °²¦p block ¤j¤p¬O
+ 4K¡C
+
+The maximum size of a single ffs file is approximately 1G blocks
+ (4TB) if the block size is 4K.
+
+ <verb>
+ maxfilesize
+ ----------------------------------
+ 2.2.7 3.0
+fs block size -stable -current works should-work
+------------- ------- -------- ----- -----------
+4K 4T-1 4T-1 4T-1 4+T
+8K 32+G 8T-1 32+G 16T-1
+16K 128+G 16T-1 128+G 32T-1
+32K 512+G 32T-1 512+G 64T-1
+64K 2048+G 64T-1 2048+G 128T-1
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>·í fs block ¤j¤p¬O 4K¡Atriple indirect block ¹B§@¨Ã¥B©Ò¦³ªº¨Æ±¡
+ ³£À³¸Ó¥Hªí¥Ü¦¨¨Ï¥Î triple indirect block ªº³Ì¤j fs block ¨Ó§@
+ ¨î(ªñ¦ü©ó 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K)¡A¦ý¦b fs block ¼Æ¥Ø¤W«o¦³¤@Ó(¿ù»~)
+ ªº 1G-1 ¨î¡C¹ï fs block ¼Æ¥Øªº¨îÀ³¸Ó¬O 2G-1¡C¦b fs block
+ ¼Æ¥Ø±µªñ 2G-1 ®É¦³ÂI¿ù»~¡A¦ý·í fs block ¤j¤p¬O 4K ®É³oÓ block
+ ¼Æ¥Ø¬O¤£¯à¹F¨ìªº¡C
+
+ <p>block ¤j¤p¦pªG¬O 8K ©Î§ó¤j¡Afs block ¼Æ¥ØÀ³¸Ó¨î¦b 2G-1¡A¦ý¹ê
+ »Ú fs block ¼Æ¥Ø«o¨î¦b 1G-1¡A°£¤F¦b -stable ®É triple indirect
+ blocks ¬OµLªk¹F¨ìªº¡A©Ò¥H³Ì¦h fs block ¼Æ¥Øªº¨î¥i¥Hªí¥Ü¦¨¥Î
+ double indirect blocks(ªñ¦ü©ó(blocksize/4)^2 + (blocksize/4))
+ ¡A¥B¦b -current ¤U¶W¹L³oÓ¨î¥i¯à·|¾ÉP°ÝÃD²£¥Í¡C¨Ï¥Î¥¿½Tªº
+ 2G-1 block ¨îªº½T·|¾ÉP°ÝÃDµo¥Í¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¦b³nºÐ¤W©ñ¤J 1TB ÀɮסH</heading>
+
+ <p>§Ú¦Û¤v´N¦b³nºÐ¤ù¤W©ñ¦n´XÓ :-)¡CÀɮתº³Ì¤j®e¶q¨Æ¹ê¤W¸òºÏºÐ³Ì¤j
+ ªº®e¶q¨Ã¨S¦³±K¤Á¬ÛÃö¡CºÏºÐªº³Ì¤j®e¶q¬O 1TB¡A³o¬O¤@ÓÀɮפj¤p¥i
+ ¥H¶W¹LºÏºÐ®e¶qªº¤@Ó¯S¦â¡C
+
+ <p>¥H¤U½d¨Ò·|¦b¤p¤pªº root ¤À³Î°Ï«Ø¥ß¤@ӨϥξãӺϺЪº 32K ªÅ¶¡
+ ¡A¤j¤p¬O 8T-1 ªºÀÉ®×(3 indirect blocks and 1 data block)¡Cdd
+ «ü¥O»ÝnÅý dd ¯à¦b¤@Ó¤jÀɮפU°õ¦æ¡C
+
+<verb>
+ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> cat foo
+df .
+dd if=/dev/zero of=z bs=1 seek=`echo 2^43 - 2 | bc` count=1
+ls -l z
+du z
+df .
+ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> sh foo
+Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
+/dev/sd0a 64479 27702 31619 47% /
+1+0 records in
+1+0 records out
+1 bytes transferred in 0.000187 secs (5346 bytes/sec)
+-rw-r--r-- 1 bde bin 8796093022207 Sep 7 16:04 z
+32 z
+Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
+/dev/sd0a 64479 27734 31587 47% /
+ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> exit
+</verb>
+
+<p>Bruce Evans, September 1998
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b11845984 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +<!-- $Id: kernelconfig.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ -->
+<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
+<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG -->
+<!-- English Version: 1.2 -->
+
+ <sect>
+ <heading>®Ö¤ß³]©w<label id="kernelconfig"></heading>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ §Ú·Q¦Ûq®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¡A³o·|«Ü§xÃø¶Ü¡H
+ <label id="make-kernel">
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>¤£·|¡I½Ð¬d¾\ <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html"
+ name="kernel config section of the Handbook">.
+
+ <p><bf/ª`·N¡G/§Ú·|«ØÄ³§A¦b§AÅý®Ö¤ß¯à¥¿±`¤u§@«á¡A°µ¤@Ó
+ <tt/kernel.YYMMDD/¤é´Á§Î¦¡ªº³Æ¥÷¡A³o¼Ë¤U¦¸¦pªG§A«Ü¤£©¯ªºª±Ãa
+ ¤F³]©w¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥i¥H¤£»Ýn¨Ï¥Î³Ìì©lªº<tt/kernel.GENERIC/¡C°²¦p§A
+ ¥¿±q¤@Ó¨S¦³¦b GENERIC kernel ¸Ì±¤ä´©ªº±±¨î¾¹¸Ì±Ò°Ê¡A³oÅã±o¯S
+ §O«n(¨S¿ù¡A³o¬Oµ§ªÌªº¸gÅç)¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>
+ §Úªº®Ö¤ß¦]¬°<tt/_hw_float/¿ò¥¢¦Ó½sĶ¥¢±Ñ¡C
+ </heading>
+
+ <p>Åý§Ú²q¬Ý¬Ý¡A§A§â<htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?npx(4)" name="npx0">±q§A
+ ªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɲ¾°£¤F¡A¦]¬°§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A¹ï¶Ü¡H¿ù¤F¡I:-) ³oÓ
+ <tt/npx0/¬O<bf/¥²¶·n¦³ªº/¡C´Nºâ§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A§A¤´<bf/¥²¶·/
+ ¤Þ¤J<tt/npx0/¸Ë¸m¡C
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>¦h«°ð§Ç¦C½Xªº¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¡C</heading>
+
+ <p><bf/Q./ ·í§Ú½sͤ@Ó¦h«°ð§Ç¦C½Xªº®Ö¤ß®É¡A¥¦§i¶D§Ú¥u¦³²Ä¤@Ó³Q°»
+ ´ú¨ì¡A¨ä¥Lªº«h¦]¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¦Ó¸õ¹L¤F¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò×¥¿¥¦¡H
+
+ <p><bf/A./ ³oÓ°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬° FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤º«Øµ{¦¡½XÁ×§K¦]¬°µwÅé©Î³nÅé½Ä
+ ¬ð¾ÉP®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¹L©óªÎ¤j©ÎµL¥Î¡Cn×¥¿³oºØ±¡§Îªº¤èªk¬O°£¤F¤@Ó°ð¥~§â
+ ¨ä¥L©Ò¦³ªº IRQ ³]©w³£°µ«O¯d¡C³o¸Ì¦³¤@Ó½d¨Ò¡G
+
+ <verb>
+ #
+ # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS
+ #
+ device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr
+ device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
+ device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
+ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
+ </verb>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <heading>§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò±Ò°Ê QIC-40/80 ªº¤ä´©¡H</heading>
+
+ <p>§A»Ýn¦b¤@¯ë³]©wÀɤ¤§â¥H¤U³o¦æªºµù¸Ñ¨ú®ø(©Î¬O§â¥¦¥[¨ì§Aªº³]©wÀÉ
+ )¡A¦b<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdc(4)"
+ name="fdc">³o¦æ¥[¤J``<tt/flags 0x1/''µM«á«·s½s֤ͮߡC
+
+ <verb>
+controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr
+disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 ^^^^^^^^^
+disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
+#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>±µµÛ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b<tt>/dev</tt>«Ø¥ß¤@Ó¥s<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>ªº¸Ë¸m
+ µM«á°õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥O¡G
+
+ <verb>
+ sh ./MAKEDEV ft0
+ </verb>
+
+ <p>¬Oµ¹²Ä¤@Ӹ˸m¨Ï¥Î¡C¦P²z<tt/ft1/¬O²Ä¤GÓ¡A¥H¦¹Ãþ±À¡C
+
+ <p>§A±N·|¦³Ó¥s<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>ªº¸Ë¸m¡A¥i¥H³z¹L¤@Ó¯S®íªºµ{¦¡¥s
+ ``<tt/ft/''ªº¨ÓºÞ²z¥¦ - ½Ð¬Ý<htmlurl
+ url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ft" name="ft">
+ ªº man page ¦³§ó¶i¤@¨B»¡©ú¡C
+
+ <p>ª©¥»¤ñ<tt/-current/¦ªº¨t²Î¦b³B²zÃaªººÏ±a´CÅé®É¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A¦pªG§A
+ ªº<tt/ft/¦ü¥G¤@ª½Âê¦b¦P¤@Ó°ð¡A¹Á¸Õ±q<tt/-current/¸Ìªº
+ <tt>/usr/src/sbin/ft</tt>§ä¥X³Ì·sª©ªº<tt/ft/¨Ã¥B¸Õ¬Ý¬Ý¡C
+
+ </sect>
+
diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f9ac79e5d --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +<!-- $Id: misc.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by zmx@mail.CDPA.nsysu.edu.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.8 --> + + <sect> + <heading>¨ä¥¦¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº°ÝÃD<label id="misc"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading> + ¬°¬Æ»ò FreeBSD ¥Îªº swap ªÅ¶¡¤ñ Linux ¦h? + </heading> + + <p>¤£¬O³o¼Ëªº. ¦pªG§Aªº·N«ä¬O: ``¬°¬Æ»ò§Úªº swap ¬Ý°_¨Óº¡¤F?'' + ¨º¬O¦]¬°§âªF¦è©ñ¦b swap ¸Ì«á®³¦^¨Óªº³t«×·|¤ñ pager ¸g¥ÑÀɮרt + ²Î®³¦^(¥¼×§ï)ªº°õ¦æ½X§Ö. + + + <p>¨Æ¹ê¤W, °O¾ÐÅ餤 dirty pages ªº¶q¨Ã¥¼´î¤Ö; clean pages «h¦b»Ý + nªº®É«á²¾¨«. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ¬°¬Æ»òn¥Î(¬Æ»ò¬O) a.out ©M ELF °õ¦æÀɮ榡? + </heading> + + <p>n¤F¸Ñ¬°¬Æ»ò FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î <tt>a.out</tt> ®æ¦¡, º¥ý§Anª¾¹D¤@¨Ç + ¥Ø«e Unix ¤¤¨Ï¥Î³Ì¼sªxªº¤TºØ®æ¦¡: + + <itemize> + <item><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out"> + + <p>³Ì¦©M`¥j¨å'ªº unix ¥ØªºÀɮ榡. ¨Ï¥Î¤@ºØµu¦Óºò±KªºÀÉÀY, + ¦ñÀH¤@Ó³q±`¥Î¨Ó¿ë»{®æ¦¡ªºÅ]³N¼Æ¦r(°Ñ¦Ò + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out(5)"> ¦³§ó¦h²Ó¸`). ¨ã¦³¤TÓ¸`°Ï: .text, .data, ©M .bss + ¥[¤W¤@ӲŸ¹ªí©M¦r¦êªí. + + <item><bf>COFF</bf> + <p>SVR3 ¥ØªºÀɮ榡. ÀÉÀY¥]§t¤F¤@Ó¸`°Ïªí, ©Ò¥H¥i¥H¨ã³Æ¤ñ + .text, .data, .bss ÁÙ¦hªº¸`°Ï.</item> + + <item><bf>ELF</bf> + <p><tt/COFF/ ªº«áÄ~ªÌ, ¨ã¦³¦hÓ¸`°Ï¥H¤Î 32-bit ©Î 64-bit ªº + possible values. ¥Dnªº¯ÊÂI:<tt/ELF/ ¬O¦b¨CÓ¨t²Î¬[ºc¥u + ·|¦³¤@ºØ ABI ªº°²³]¤U³]p¥X¨Óªº. ¨Æ¹ê¤W³oÓ°²³]¿ùªºÂ÷ÃÐ, + §Y¨Ï¬O°Ó·~ªº SYSV ¥@¬É, ¤]¦Ü¤Ö¦³ SVR4, Solaris, SCO ¤TºØ ABI. + + <p>FreeBSD ÂǥѤ@Ó¤u¨ã, §âµ{¦¡»Ýn¨ººØ ABI ªº¸ê°T <em>¯O¦L</em> + ¦b <tt/ELF/ °õ¦æÀɤW. + °Ñ¦Ò man page + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?brandelf" + name="brandelf"> ¨ú±o§ó¦h¸ê°T. + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD ¨Ó¦Û "¥j¨å" °}Àç, ¶Ç²Î¤W³£¨Ï¥Î + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out"> ®æ¦¡, ³o¬O¦b¦n´X¥Nªº BSD ¤¤ÃÒ©ú¥i¾aªºp³N. + ÁöµM¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥i¥H«Ø¥ß¥H¤Î°õ¦æì¥Íªº <tt/ELF/ °õ¦æÀÉ( + ¥H¤Î®Ö¤ß), è¶}©l FreeBSD ¤Ï¹ïÂà´«¨ì¥H <tt/ELF/ °µ¬°¹w³]ªº + ®æ¦¡. ¬°¬Æ»ò? ¶â. ·í Linux ¶}©lµhW¦aÂà´«¦Ü <tt/ELF/, ¨Ã«D¦]¬° + n°kÂ÷ <tt/a.out/ ®æ¦¡, ¦Ó¬O¦]¬°¥L̨S¦³¼u©Êªº, ¥H¸õÅDªí¬°°ò¦ + ªº¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®w¾÷¨î. ¨º¬O¤@ºØ«D±`Ãø¥H¨Ï¥Î, µo®iªÌ¤£³ßÅwªºªF¦è. ¬J + µM¤w¸g¦s¦bªº <tt/ELF/ ¤u¨ã´£¨Ñ¤F¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®wªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×, ¦Ó¥B¬Ý¨Ó + ¬O "«e½Ãªº¤èªk", ©Ò»Ýªº¥N»ù´N¥i±µ¨ü¦]¦ÓÂà´«. + + <p>¦b FreeBSD ªºª¬ªp¤¤, §Ú̪º¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®w¾÷¨î§ó±µªñ <tt>SunOS</tt> ªº + «¬¦¡, ¤]´N¬O, ©ö©ó¨Ï¥Î. + µM¦Ó, ±q 3.0 ¶}©l, FreeBSD ¥¿¦¡¤ä´© <tt/ELF/ ¬°¹w³]®æ¦¡. §Y¨Ï + <tt/a.out/ ®æ¦¡¤´µM«D±`¦n, §Ú̽sͤu¨ãªº¼¶¼gªÌ, GNU ªº¦¨û, + ¤w¤¤¤î¤F¹ï, <tt/a.out/ ®æ¦¡ªº¤ä´©. ³o¢¨Ï§Ú̺ûÅ@¥t¤@¥÷ª©¥»ªº + compiler ©M linker, ¤]¨Ï±o§Ṳ́£¯à±q³Ì·sªº GNU µo®i¦¨ªG¤¤Àò±o + ¦n³B. ¦¹¥~¹ï ISO-C++ ªº»Ý¨D, ¤×¨ä¬O«ØºcªÌ©M¸ÑºcªÌ, ¤]±a°Ê¥¼¨Ó + ª©¥»¤¤¹ï <tt/ELF/ ªºì¥Í¤ä´©. + + <sect1> + <heading>¦n§a, ¦ý¬°¬Æ»ò·|¦³³o»ò¦hºØ¤£¦Pªº®æ¦¡?</heading> + + <p>¦b¶Â·tªº¹L¥h, ¥u¦³Â²³æªºµwÅé. ²³æªºµwÅé¤ä´©¤p«¬¡B²³æªº¨t²Î. + a.out ¦b²³æªº¨t²Î¤W³Ó¥ô´r§Ö (PDP-11). ·í unix ²¾´Ó¨ì¨ä¥L¥¥x®É, + a.out «O¯d¤F¤U¨Ó, ¦]¬°¹ï¦´Áªº Motorola 68K, VAX ¤§Ãþªº¬[ºc¤w¸g + °÷¥Î¤F. + + <p>µM«á¦³¨ÇµwÅé¤uµ{®vı±oÅý³nÅé¦h°µÂI¨Æ, ¨º CPU ªº¹q´¹Åé´N¯à¤Ö + ¤@ÂI¦Ó¶]ªº§ó§Ö. n¦b³oºØ·s¦¡µwÅé¤W¤u§@(²{¦bºÙ¬°RISC), <tt/a.out ´N + ¤£¾A¦X¤F, ©Ò¥H»Ý¦hªº®æ¦¡´Nµo®i¥X¨Ó¥H´£¨Ñ¤ñ¨ü¡B²³æªº<tt/a.out §ó + ¦nªº®Ä¯à. ¹³¬O <tt/COFF/, <tt/ECOFF/, ¥H¤Î¤@¨Ç¤£¦³¦Wªº®æ¦¡, ¨C¤@ºØ + ³£¦³¨îª½¨ì <tt/ELF/. + + <p>¦¹¥~, ·íµ{¦¡¶V¨Ó¶V¤j¨àºÏºÐ(¥H¤Î¥D°O¾ÐÅé)¬Û¹ï¨Ó»¡¸û¤p®É, ¦@¨É + µ{¦¡®wªº·§©À´Nµo®i¥X¨Ó¤F. µêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé¨t²Î¤]Åܱo¶V¨Ó¶Vºë¥©. ·í¨C¤@ + ºØ¶i¨B³£¦b <tt/a.out/ ¤W§¹¦¨®É, ¥¦ªº¥i¥Î©Ê¤]¶V¨Ó¶V§C. ¥t¥~, ¤HÌ + ÁÙ¦³¦b°õ¦æ®É´Á¥i¥H°ÊºA¸ü¤J, ©Î¬O¥á±ó°õ¦æ¹Lªºªì©l¤Æµ{¦¡¥H¸`¬Ù°O¾Ð + Åé. µ{¦¡»y¨¥¤]Åܱo§óºë¥©¦Ó¥B¤HÌ·Qn¦b¦b main ¤§«e°õ¦æ§Oªºµ{¦¡½X + . ³\¦hÁcÂøªº§Þ¥©¥Î¦b <tt/a.out/ ¤W¥H¸Ñ¨M³o¨Ç°ÝÃD. <tt/a.out/ n + ¸Ñ¨M³o¨Ç°ÝÃD»Ýn¶V¨Ó¶V¦hÃB¥~ªºt¾á©M½ÆÂø«×. ·í <tt/ELF/ »´©öªº¸Ñ + ¨M³o¨Ç°ÝÃD, ±q°ò¥»¤W¥i¥H¤u§@ªº¨t²ÎÂà´««o«ÜµhW. ©Ò¥H<tt/ELF/ n + µ¥¨ìºûÅ@ <tt/a.out/ ¤ñÂà´«¨ì <tt/ELF/ ÁÙµhW. + + <p>µM¦Ó, ÀHµÛ®É¶¡¹L¥h, FreeBSD ªº build tools §Î¦¨¤F¥¦æªº¨â¤ä + (¤×¨ä¬O²Õ;¹©M loader). FreeBSD ³o¤ä¥[¶i¤F¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®w¥H¤Î×¥¿ + ¤F¤@¨Ç¿ù»~. GNU ì¨Ó¼¶¼g³o¨Çµ{¦¡ªº¤H«h«¼g¤F³o¨Çµ{¦¡, ¨Ã¥[¤J¤F + ¹ï©ó¸ó¥¥x½sĶ, ¤£¦P®æ¦¡¼Ò²Õ¤§ÃþªºªF¦è§ó²³æªº¤ä´©. ³\¦h¤H·Qn + °µ¥X¥H FreeBSD ¬°¥Øªº¥¥xªº¸ó¥¥x½s;¹, ¤£©¯ªº¬O FreeBSD ªº as + ©M ld ¤£¯à°µ³o¶µ¤u§@. ·sªº GNU ¤u¨ã(binutils) ¥[¤J¤F¸ó¥¥x½sĶ¡B + <tt/ELF/¡B¦@¨Éµ{¦¡®w¡BC++ ÂX¥R, µ¥µ¥. ¦¹¥~, ³\¦h¼t°Ó¥H <tt/ELF/ ®æ + ¦¡µo¦æ²£«~, ¦Ó¯à°÷¦b FreeBSD ¤W¶]ªº¸Ü·íµM«Ü¦n. ¦Ó¥B¦pªG¯à¶] <tt/ELF/ + ®æ¦¡ªº°õ¦æÀÉ, ¬°¬Æ»òÁÙn²z <tt/a.out/ ? ¨e¬O¤@¤Ç¤S²Ö¤S¦Ñªº°¨, ¹L + ¥h«D±`¦³¥Î, ¦ý¬O®É«áÅý¨e°h¥ð¤F. + + <p><tt/ELF/ ¤ñ a.out §óÀ³¦³ªí¹F¤O(expressive?)¦Ó¥B¨ã¦³§ó¦hªº + ÂX¥R©Ê. <tt/ELF/ ¤u¨ãºûÅ@ªº¤ñ¸û¦n, ¦Ó¥B´£¨Ñ¸ó¥¥x½sĶªº¤ä´©, + ³o¹ï³\¦h¤H¨Ó»¡¬O«Ü«nªº. <tt/ELF/ ¥i¯à¤ñ a.out ºC¤@ÂI, ¦ý®t²§ + «D±`Ãø´ú¶q¥X¨Ó. ³o¨âªÌ¤§¶¡ÁÙ¦³³\¦h²Ó¸`¤Wªº¤£¦P, ¨Ò¦p¤À¶ªº¹ïÀ³ + ¤è¦¡, ªì©l¤Æµ{¦¡½Xªº§@ªkµ¥µ¥. ³o¨Ç¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü«n, ¦ý´N¬O¤£¦P. ¦b + ¥H«á GENERIC ®Ö¤ß¤£·|¤ä´D <tt/a.out/ , ·í¤£¦b¦³°õ¦æ¶Ç²Î <tt/a.out/ + µ{¦¡ªº»Ýn®É, ·|±q®Ö¤ß²¾°£. + + <sect1> + <heading>¬°¬Æ»ò chmod ¤£·|§ïÅܲŸ¹³sµ²(symlink)ªº¦s¨úÅv?</heading> + + <p>§A¥²¶·§â ``<tt/-H/'' ©Î¬O ``<tt/-L/'' »P ``<tt/-R/'' ¿ï¶µ¤@°_¨Ï¥Î. + °Ñ¦Ò<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" + name="chmod"> + ¤Î<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?symlink" + name="symlink"> man pages ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¸ê°T. + + <p><bf/ĵ§i/ ``<tt/-R/'' ¿ï¶µ·|Åý <tt/chmod/ °µ<bf/»¼°j/. «ü©w¥Ø¿ý + ©Î¬O³sµ²¨ì¥Ø¿ýªº symlink ®Én¤p¤ß. ¦pªG§An§ïÅܤ@ӲŸ¹³sµ²°Ñ¦Ò¨ì + ªº¥Ø¿ýªº¦s¨úÅv, ¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> ¥B¤£n + ¥[¥ô¦ó¿ï¶µ, ¨Ã¥B¦b symlink ªºµ²§À¥[¤W±×½u(``<tt>/</tt>''). Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡ + , ¦pªG ``<tt/foo/'' ³sµ²¨ì ``<tt/bar/'', ¦Ó§An§ó§ï ``<tt/foo/'' ªº + Åv (¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O ``<tt/bar/''), ¨º´N¥Î: + + + <verb> + chmod 555 foo/ + </verb> + + <p>¨Ì·Óµ²§Àªº±×½u, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> ·| + ¸g¹L³sµ² ``<tt/foo/'', ¦Ó§ïÅÜ ``<tt/bar/'' ¥Ø¿ýªºÅv. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ¬°¬Æ»ò±b¸¹ <bf/¤´µM/ ¨î¬°¤KÓ¦r¤¸? + </heading> + + <p>§A·|»{¬°×§ï <bf/UT_NAMESIZE/ µM«á««Ø¨t²Î¬O«Ü²³æªº¨Æ±¡, ¦Ó¥B + ¨C¥ó¨Æ³£¥i¥H¹B°µ¦a«Ü¦n. ¤£¨¯ªº¬O¦³³\¦hªºµ{¦¡©M¤u¨ã(¥]§t¨t²Î¤u¨ã) + §â¼Æ¦r¼g¦º¦bµ{¦¡¸Ì(¨Ã«DÁ`¬O 8 ©Î 9, ¦³®É¬O¥j©Çªº¦p 15 ©M 20). + ³o¤£¥u·|§â§Aªº°O¿ýÀɧËÃa(¨Ó¦Û©óÅܰʪø«×©M©T©wªø«×°O¿ýªº®t²§), ¤] + ·|¯}Ãa Sun ªº NIS «È¤áºÝªº¹B°µ, ©M¨ä¥¦ UNIX ¨t²Îªº¤¬¬Û¼vÅT¤]¥i¯à + ¦³¼ç¦bªº°ÝÃD. + + <p>¦b FreeBSD 3.0 ¥H¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥», ±b¸¹ªº³Ì¤jªø«×¼W¥[¨ì16Ó¦r¤¸, + ¦Ó¨º¨Ç¼g¦ºªø«×ªºµ{¦¡¤]§ä¥X¨Ó×¥¿. ¼vÅT¨ì¨t²Î¦p¦¹¦h³¡¥÷¥¿¬Oª½¨ì + 3.0 ¤~°µ×§ïªºì¦].</p> + + <p>¦pªG§A¦³¦Û«H¦b¥X°ÝÃDªº®É«á¯à¦Û¦æ¸Ñ¨M, §A¥i¥H¥Î¤U±ªº¤èªkÅý¸û¦ªº + ª©¥»¤ä´©¸ûªøªº±b¸¹. ×§ï /usr/include/utmp.h ¤¤ªº UT_NAMESIZE. §A¤] + ¥²¶·§â /usr/include/sys/param.h ¤¤ªº MAXLOGNAME §ï¦¨¸ò UT_NAMESIZE + ¬Û²Å. ³Ì«á, ¦pªG§A¬O±qì©lµ{¦¡«Ø¥ß¨t²Î, §O§Ñ¤F /usr/include ¨C¦¸³£ + ·|§ó·s! ×§ï /usr/src/.. ¤¤¾A·íªºÀÉ®×. </p> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¯à¦b FreeBSD ¤U¶] DOS µ{¦¡¶Ü?</heading> + + <p>¬Oªº, ±q 3.0 ª©¶}©l¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤w¸g¾ã¦X¨Ã¥[±jªº BSDI <tt/rundos/ + DOS ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹. ¦pªG§A³Ì³oÓªF¦è¦³¿³½ì, °e«Ê«H¨ì + <url url="mailto:freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org" + name="The FreeBSD emulation discussion list"> + + <p>¹ï 3.0 ¤§«eªº¨t²Î, ¦b port ¤¤¦³¤@Ó·¥¨Îªº¤u¨ãµ{¦¡ + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^pcemu" name="pcemu"> + ¥i¥H¼ÒÀÀ 8088 ©M¨¬°÷ªº BIOS ªA°È¥H°õ¦æ DOS ¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡µ{¦¡. ¥¦¶·n X Window + System (¥Ñ XFree86 ´£¨Ñ). + + <sect1> + <heading> + ¬Æ»ò¬O ``<tt/sup/'', ¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î? + </heading> + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^sup" name="SUP"> + ·N«ä¬O Software Update Protocol, ¥Ñ CMU µo®i¥Hºû«ùµo®iªº¦P¨B. + §Ú̧Q¥Î¥L¨Ó«O«ù»·ºÝªº¯¸¥x©Mì©l¯¸¥x¦P¨B. + + <p>SUP ¹ïÀW¼eªº¨Ï¥Î¤£¤Íµ½, ¦Ó¥B¤w©ñ±ó¤F. ¥Ø«e«ØÄ³ºû«ùì©l½X§ó·sªº¤èªk¬O + <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="Handbook entry on CVSup"> + + + <sect1> + <heading>How cool is FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p>°Ý: ¦³¤H°µ¹L FreeBSD °õ¦æ®Éªº·Å«×´ú¸Õ¶Ü? §Úª¾¹D Linux ¤ñ DOS ²D, + ¦ý¨SÅ¥¤H´£¹L FreeBSD. ¦ü¥G«Ü¼ö. + + <p>A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded + volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 + administered beforehand. 35% of the volunteers said that FreeBSD + tasted sort of orange, whereas Linux tasted like purple haze. + Neither group mentioned any particular variances in temperature + that I can remember. We eventually had to throw the results of + this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too many + volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus + skewing the results. I think most of the volunteers are at Apple + now, working on their new ``scratch and sniff'' GUI. It's a + funny old business we're in! + + <p>¤£¶}ª±¯º¤F, FreeBSD ©M Linux ³£¨Ï¥Î ``<tt/HLT/'' (hald) «ü¥O + ¥H¦b¨t²Î¶¢¸m®É°§C¹q¤Oªº¨Ï¥Î¤]´î¤Ö¤F¼öªº²£¥Í. ¦pªG¦³³]©w APM + (automatic power management), FreeBSD ¤]¥i¥HÅý CPU ¶i¤J§C¹q¤O + ¼Ò¦¡. + + <sect1> + <heading>½Ö¦b§Úªº°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ¤¤¨F¨F§@ÅT??</heading> + + <p>°Ý: FreeBSD ½s֤ͮ߮ɦ³°µ¬Æ»ò "©_¯S" ªº¨ÆÅý°OĶÅé¨F¨F§@ÅT¶Ü? + ·í½sĶ®É(ÁÙ¦³¶}¾÷®É½T»{³nºÐ«áªºµu¼È®É¶¡), ¤]ºØ¦ü¥G¨Ó¦Û°O¾ÐÅé´¡¼Ñ + ªº©_©ÇÁnµ. + + <p>µª; ¬Oªº! ¦b BSD ªº¤å¥ó¤¤§A·|±`±`¬Ý¨ì ``I«áÆF'', ¤j³¡¥÷ªº¤H + ³£¤£ª¾¹D¨º¬O¤@ºØ¹ê»Ú¦s¦bªººë¯«Åé --- ´x±±µÛ§Aªº¹q¸£. §AÅ¥¨ìªºÁnµ + ¬O³o¨ÇI«áÆF¥H°ªµ¤fï¦b·¾³q«ç¼Ë°µ³\¦hªº¨t²ÎºÞ²z¤u§@. + + <p>¦pªG³o¨ÇÁnµ«Ü§xÂZ§A, ¨Ó¦Û DOS ªº ``<tt>fdisk /mbr</tt>'' ´N + ¯àÂ\²æ, ¦ý¦pªG¦³¬Û¤Ïªº®ÄªG¤]¤£nÅå³Y. ¨Æ¹ê¤W, ¦pªG¦b»ö¦¡¤¤Å¥¨ì + Bill Gates ®£©ÆªºÁnµ±q¤º«Øªº³â¥z¶Ç¨Ó, °¨¤W°k¦Ó¥B¤£n¦^ÀY! + ±q BSD I«áÆF¤£¥¿Åªº¼vÅT¤¤¸Ñ©ñ, DOS ©M Windows I«áÆF³q±`³£¯à + «·s±±¨î¾ã¥x¾÷¾¹¨Ã¹ï§AªºÆF»î¶A©G. ¦pªG¦³¿ï¾Ü, §Ú·Q§Ú¹çÄ@²ßºD©_ + ©ÇªºÁnµ. + + <sect1> + <heading>MFC ¬O¬Æ»ò·N«ä?</heading> + + <p>MFC ¬O 'Merged From -CURRENT' ªºÁY¼g. ¨Ï¥Î¦b CVS °O¿ý¤¤¥H + ªí¥Ü±q CURRENT ¤¤¾ã¦X¶i STABLE ¤À¤äªº§ïÅÜ. + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8cbbaa5ac9 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,1158 @@ +<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by wing@cc.nsysu.edu.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.18 --> + + <sect> + <heading>Networking<label id="networking"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>§ÚÀ³¸Ó¨ìþÃä§ä¦³ÃöµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷ (diskless booting) ªº¸ê®Æ?</heading> + + <p>µLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷´N¬OÅý FreeBSD ¥D¾÷±qºô¸ô¤W¶}¾÷,¨Ã¥B±qºô¸ô¤Wªº server ¤WŪ¨ú + ¨ä¥L¥²nªºÀÉ®×,¦Ó«D¥Ñ¥D¾÷ªºµwºÐ¤W¨ú±o³o¨ÇÀɮסC ¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò + its hard disk. For full details, please read + <url url="../handbook/diskless.html" + name="FreeBSD ¤â¥UªºµLºÏºÐ¶}¾÷½g"> + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷¥i¥H·í§@¬YÓºô¸ô¤Wªº¸ô¥Ñ¾¹ (router) ¶Ü ? + </heading> + + <p>¥Ñ©óºô»Úºô¸ôªº¼Ð·Ç¤Æ©Mµ{¦¡³]pªº¥R¤À¸gÅ礧½ç,§ÚÌ + ¯à°÷¦b FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤º«Ø«Ê¥]Âà¶Ç (packet fowarding) ªº¥\¯à¡C§A¥i¥H + ±N³oÓ¥\¯à¥´¶},¥un±N³oÓÅܼƳ]©w¬° + <tt/YES/ ¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" + name="rc.conf">³oÓÀɮפ¤ + + <verb> + gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway + </verb> + + <p>³oÓ¿ï¶µ·|±N <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl" name="sysctl"> ÅܼƳ]©w + <tt/net.inet.ip.forwarding/ ¬° <tt/1/. + + <p>¦b¤j³¡¤Àªºª¬ªp¤U, §AÁÙ¥²¶·¦A¶]¤@Ó³B²z routing ªºµ{¦¡,§i¶Dºô¸ô¤Wªº¨ä¥L + ¥D¾÷Ãö©ó§Aªº router ³]©wªº¸ê®Æ; FreeBSD + ¥X¼t®É«K¤ºªþ¤@ӼзǪº BSD routing µ{¦¡ + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed" + name="routed">, ¦pªG§Aªººô¸ô³]©w§ó¬°½ÆÂø,§A¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý + <em/GaTeD/ (¥i¥H¥H FTP ¤è¦¡¥Ñ <tt/ftp.gated.Merit.EDU/ ¤U¸ü) + ³oÓµ{¦¡¦Û 3_5Alpha7 «á¤ä´© FreeBSD . + + <p>§Ú̦³¥²n§i¶D§A,´Nºâ¬O FreeBSD ¥H³oºØ¤è¦¡³]©w§¹¦¨ + , ¥¦ÁÙ¬OµLªk§¹¥þº¡¨¬ Internet ¹ï router ªº¼Ð·Ç©w¸q + ;¤£¹L, ´N¤é±`¨Ï¥Î¦Ó¨¥¥¦¤w¸g¨¬°÷À³¥I¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº»Ý¨D¤F¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¥i¥H³z¹L FreeBSD ±N§Úªº Win95 ¾÷¾¹³s¤W Internet ¶Ü?</heading> + + <p>°ò¥»¤W, ·|°Ý³oºØ°ÝÃDªº¤H¦b®a¸Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¥x¹q¸£, ¤@¥x¶] FreeBSD + ¥t¥~¤@¥x¶] Win95; ³oÓ¥D·N¬O±N FreeBSD ¥D¾÷³s¤W Internet + ,µM«á³z¹L³o¥x FreeBSD ¥D¾÷,Åý¶] Win95 ªº¹q¸£¯à°÷¤Wºô¡C + ³oÓ°ÝÃDºâ¬O«e¤@Ó°ÝÃDªº¤@Ó¯S¨Ò¡C + + <p>³oÃ䦳«nªº¤å¥ó,±Ð§A«ç»ò§â FreeBSD ªº¥D¾÷³]©w¦¨ + <url url="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html" + name="PPP Dialup Router"> + + <p><bf/ª`·N:/ ¦b³oºØª¬ªp¤U§A¦Ü¤Ön¦³¨âÓ¥H¤Wªº©T©w IP addresses + , ¦³®É¬O¤TÓ¥H¤W©Î§ó¦h²Õ IP ¦P®É¨Ï¥Î, µø§Aªº»Ý¨D¦Ó©w¡C + ¦pªG§A¨S¦³©T©wªº IP ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î,§A¥i¥H¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î private IP + ¤lºô¸ô,¨Ã¦w¸Ë <bf/proxies/ ¨Ò¦p + <url url="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/" name="SQUID"> ©Î¬O + <url url="http://www.tis.com/" name="the TIS firewall toolkit"> + ¦b§Aªº FreeBSD ¥D¾÷¤W¡C + + <p>¥t¥~¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="natd">. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b compile ISC ³Ì·sª©ªº BIND µ{¦¡®É¦Ñ¬O¥¢±Ñ? + </heading> + + <p>¦b ``<tt/cdefs.h/'' Àɮפ¤ªº©w¸q»P FreeBSD ¨t²Î¤¤¤ºªþ + ªºÀɮשw¸q¦³©Ò½Ä¬ð¡Cª½±µ§â + <tt>compat/include/sys/cdefs.h</tt> ¬å±¼´N¥i¥H¤F¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¤ä´© SLIP ©M PPP ¶Ü?</heading> + + <p>¬Oªº¡C §A¥i¥H¬d¬d man pages ¤¤Ãö©ó + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach" + name="slattach">, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" name="sliplogin">, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppd" name="pppd"> ¥H¤Î + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> ªº»¡©ú. + <tt/pppd/ ©M <tt/ppp/ ³£´£¨Ñ¼·¶i¤Î¼·¥Xªº¥\¯à¡C + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" + name="Sliplogin"> ±Mªù³B²z¦³Ãö¼·¤Jªº¥\¯à,¦Ó + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach" + name="slattach"> ³B²z¦³Ãö¼·¥Xªº¥\¯à¡C + + <p>³o¨Çµ{¦¡¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú,§A¥i¥H¦b + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="handbook">¤¤§ä¨ì: + + <itemize> + <item><url url="../handbook/slips.html" + name="SLIP (server ºÝ) ªº»¡©ú"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/slipc.html" + name="SLIP (client ºÝ) ªº»¡©ú"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/ppp.html" + name="PPP (kernel ¼Ò¦¡) ªº»¡©ú"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/userppp.html" + name="PPP (¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡) ªº»¡©ú"> + </itemize> + + <p>¦pªG§A¥u¯àÂÇ¥Ñ"shell account"ªº¤è¦¡¤Wºôªº¸Ü, + §A¥i¯à·|·Q¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^slirp" name="slirp"> + ³oÓ³nÅé¡C ¥¦¥i¥HÅý§Aªº¹q¸£ª½±µ³s¤W (¬Y¨Ç) ªA°È, + ¨Ò¦p ftp ©M http µ¥µ¥¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD ¤ä´© NAT ©Î Masquerading ¶Ü?<label id="natd"> + </heading> + + <p>¦pªG§A¦³¤@ÓªñºÝªº¤lºô¸ô(¦³¤@¥x¥H¤Wªº¾÷¾¹), ¦ý¬O§Aªº Internet provider + «o¥u¤À°t¤@Ó IP number µ¹§A + (©ÎªÌ§A¥u¤À°t¨ì¤@ӰʺAªº IP number), §A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd" name="natd"> + ³oÓµ{¦¡¡C <tt/Natd/ Åý§A¥i¥H³z¹L³o¤@Ó IP number Åý¾ãÓ¤lºô¸ôªº¹q¸£³£¯à + ³s¤W internet ¡C + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> ³oÓµ{¦¡¤]´£¨ÑÃþ¦üªº¥\¯à , ¦pªG§A¤U + <tt/-alias/ ³oÓ¿ï¶µªº¸Ü¡C <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="alias library"> + ¦b³o¨âÓ³B²z¤è¦¡¤¤³£·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¨ì¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú¤£¯à¨Ï¥Î ppp ,§Ú°µ¿ù¤F¤°»ò¶Ü ?<label id="userppp"> + </heading> + + <p>§AÀ³¸Ó¥ý¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp man page"> ©M + <url url="../handbook/userppp.html" + name="ppp ¨Ï¥Î»¡©ú">. ¨Ï¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¨Ó¥´¶}°O¿ý (logging) ªº¥\¯à + + <verb> + set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command + </verb> + + <p>³oÓ©R¥O¥i¥H¦b <bf/ppp/ command prompt ©ÎªÌ¬O¦b + <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</tt> ²ÕºAÀɮפ¤¥[¤J¡C + (¥[¦b <bf>default</bf> section ªº¶}ÀY³Ì¦n). + ½T©w¦b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?syslog.conf" + name="/etc/syslog.conf"> ¸Ì±¦³³o»ò¤@¦æ: + + <verb> + !ppp + *.* /var/log/ppp.log + </verb> + + <p>¦Ó¥B<tt>/var/log/ppp.log</tt> ³oÓÀɮצs¦b¡C ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó + §A¥i¥H±q log Àɮפ¤ª¾¹D¨ì©³µo¥Í¤F¤°»ò¨Æ±¡¡C + ¥ý¤£¥Î¾á¤ßÀɮתº¤º®e§A¬Ý¤£À´, ¦pªG§An¦V¤H¨D±Ïªº¸Ü + , ±Ï§Aªº¤H·|¬Ý±oÀ´ªº¡C + + <p>¦pªG§A¨t²Î¤Wªº¨º¥÷ ppp ¤£´£¨Ñ "set log" + ªº«ü¥Oªº¸Ü, §AÀ³¸Ó¥h¤U¸ü + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~brian" name="³Ì·sª©¥»">. + ³oÓª©¥»¦b FreeBSD 2.1.5 ¥H¤Wªºª©¥»³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C + + <sect2> + <heading>§Ú¤@°õ¦æ ppp ,¥¦´N±¾¦b¨ºÃ䤣°Ê¤F</heading> + + <p>·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î³q±`¬O§Aªº hostname ¨S¦³¿ìªk¸Ñ¥X¨Ó¡C ¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD + ³Ì¦nªº¿ìªk¬O½T©w <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> ·|³Q§Aªº resolver ²Ä¤@ӰѦҨì¡C + §A¥i¥H×§ï<tt>/etc/host.conf</tt> + ¨Ã¥B§â<tt>hosts</tt> ©ñ¨ì³Ì«e±. ±µµÛ, ¥un§â§Aªº¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ©ñ¨ì + <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> ¸Ì±´N¥i¥H¤F¡C ¦pªG§A¨S¦³ + local network ªº¸Ü, ×§ï <tt>localhost</tt> ³o¤@¦æ: + + <verb> +127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost + </verb> + + §_«h, ´N§â§A¥D¾÷ªº¸ê°T¥[¤JÀɮפ¤¡C §A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò + ¬ÛÃöªº man pages ¥HÀò±o¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡C + <p>¦pªG§A¶¶§Qªº§¹¦¨³o¨Ç°Ê§@, §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦¨¥\ªº°õ¦æ <tt>ping -c1 `hostname`</tt> + . + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¤U¤£¯à¼·¸¹</heading> + + <p>º¥ý½T©w§Aªº¤º©w¸ô¥Ñ (default route) ¬O§_¦³³]©w¡C ¤U <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat"> + name="netstat -rn"> ³oÓ«ü¥O, §AÀ³¸Ó¯à°÷¬Ý¨ì¦p¥H¤U½d¨Òªº¨âÓ entries : + + <verb> +Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire +default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 +10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0 + </verb> + + <p>This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the + handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file. + If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're + running an old version of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> that doesn't understand the + word <tt/HISADDR/ in the ppp.conf file. If your version of + <bf/ppp/ is from before FreeBSD 2.2.5, change the + + <verb> + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>line to one saying + + <verb> + add 0 0 10.0.0.2 + </verb> + + <p>Another reason for the default route line being missing is that + you have mistakenly set up a default router in your + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" + name="/etc/rc.conf"> file (this file was called + <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> prior to release 2.2.2), and you have + omitted the line saying + + <verb> + delete ALL + </verb> + + <p>from <tt>ppp.conf</tt>. If this is the case, go back to the + <url url="../handbook/userppp:final.html" + name="Final system configuration"> section of the handbook. + + <sect2> + <heading>What does "No route to host" mean</heading> + + <p>This error is usually due to a missing + + <verb> + MYADDR: + delete ALL + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>section in your <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> file. This is + only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address or don't know the + address of your gateway. If you're using interactive mode, you can + type the following after entering <tt/packet mode/ (packet mode is + indicated by the capitalized <bf/PPP/ in the prompt): + + <verb> + delete ALL + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>Refer to the <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html" + name="PPP and Dynamic IP addresses"> section of the handbook + for further details. + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops after about 3 minutes</heading> + + <p>The default ppp timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted + with the line + + <verb> + set timeout NNN + </verb> + + <p>where <bf/NNN/ is the number of seconds of inactivity before the + connection is closed. If <bf/NNN/ is zero, the connection is + never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in + the <tt>ppp.conf</tt> file, or to type it at the prompt in + interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while + the line is active by connecting to <bf/ppp/s server socket using + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet" name="telnet"> + or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl" + name="pppctl">. Refer to the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> man + page for further details. + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops under heavy load</heading> + + <p>If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured, it is + possible that too many LQR packets are lost between your + machine and the peer. Ppp deduces that the line must therefore + be bad, and disconnects. Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, + LQR was enabled by default. It is now disabled by default. + LQR can be disabled with the line + + <verb> + disable lqr + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops after a random amount of time</heading> + + <p>Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with + call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it + thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier. + + <p>There's a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant + it should be to temporary losses of carrier. On a USR + Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10 register in + tenths of a second. To make your modem more forgiving, you could + add the following send-expect sequence to your dial string: + + <verb> + set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......" + </verb> + + <p>Refer to your modem manual for details. + + <sect2> + <heading>Nothing happens after the Login OK! message</heading> + + <p>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was established, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control + Protocol (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and + expect the client to do so. To force <bf/ppp/ to initiate + the LCP, use the following line: + + <verb> + set openmode active + </verb> + + <p><bf/Note/: It usually does no harm if both sides initiate + negotiation, so openmode is now active by default. However, + the next section explains when it <bf/does/ do some harm. + + <sect2> + <heading>I keep seeing errors about magic being the same</heading> + + <p>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages in + the log that say "magic is the same". Sometimes, these + messages are harmless, and sometimes one side or the other + exits. Most ppp implementations cannot survive this problem, and + even if the link seems to come up, you'll see repeated configure + requests and configure acknowledgements in the log file until + ppp eventually gives up and closes the connection. + + <p>This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that + are spawning a getty on the port, and executing ppp from a + login script or program after login. I've also heard reports + of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is + that in the time taken between getty exiting and ppp starting, the + client-side ppp starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) + packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on + the server, the client ppp sees these packets "reflect" back. + + <p>One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number + for each side of the link so that "reflections" can be detected. + The protocol says that when the peer tries to negotiate + the same magic number, a NAK should be sent and a new magic + number should be chosen. During the period that the server + port has ECHO turned on, the client ppp sends LCP packets, + sees the same magic in the reflected packet and NAKs it. It + also sees the NAK reflect (which also means ppp must change + its magic). This produces a potentially enormous number of + magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into + the server's tty buffer. As soon as ppp starts on the server, + it's flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately + decides it's tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. + Meanwhile, the client, who no longer sees the reflections, + becomes happy just in time to see a hangup from the server. + + <p>This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating + with the following line in your ppp.conf file: + + <verb> + set openmode passive + </verb> + + <p>This tells ppp to wait for the server to initiate LCP + negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. + If this is the case, you can do something like: + + <verb> + set openmode active 3 + </verb> + + <p>This tells ppp to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start + sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during + this period, ppp will immediately respond rather than waiting for + the full 3 second period. + + <sect2> + <heading> + LCP negotiations continue 'till the connection is closed + </heading> + + <p>There is currently an implementation mis-feature in <bf/ppp/ + where it doesn't associate LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with + their original requests. As a result, if one <bf/ppp/ + implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other side, + the other side will send two additional LCP configuration requests. + This is fatal. + + Consider two implementations, <bf/A/ and <bf/B/. <bf/A/ starts + sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and <bf/B/ takes + 7 seconds to start. When <bf/B/ starts, <bf/A/ has sent 3 LCP + REQs. We're assuming the line has ECHO switched off, otherwise + we'd see magic number problems as described in the previous section. + <bf/B/ sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of <bf/A/'s REQs. + This results in <bf/A/ entering the <bf/OPENED/ state and sending + and ACK (the first) back to <bf/B/. In the meantime, <bf/B/ sends + back two more ACKs in response to the two additional REQs sent by + <bf/A/ before <bf/B/ started up. <bf/B/ then receives the first + ACK from <bf/A/ and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. <bf/A/ receives + the second ACK from <bf/B/ and goes back to the <bf/REQ-SENT/ state, + sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the + third ACK and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. In the meantime, + <bf/B/ receives the forth REQ from <bf/A/, resulting in it reverting + to the <bf/ACK-SENT/ state and sending another (second) REQ and + (forth) ACK as per the RFC. <bf/A/ gets the REQ, goes into + <bf/REQ-SENT/ and sends another REQ. It immediately receives the + following ACK and enters <bf/OPENED/. + + <p>This goes on 'till one side figures out that they're getting + nowhere and gives up. + + <p>The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be + <bf/passive/ - that is, make one side wait for the other to start + negotiating. This can be done with the + + <verb> + set openmode passive + </verb> + + command. Care should be taken with this option. You should also + use the + + <verb> + set stopped N + </verb> + + command to limit the amount of time that <bf/ppp/ waits for the peer + to begin negotiations. Alternatively, the + + <verb> + set openmode active N + </verb> + + command (where <bf/N/ is the number of seconds to wait before + starting negotiations) can be used. Check the manual page for + details. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up shortly after connecting</heading> + + <p>Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that your + link was disabled shortly after connection due to <bf/ppp/ + mis-handling Predictor1 compression negotiation. This would + only happen if both sides tried to negotiate different + Compression Control Protocols (CCP). This problem is now + corrected, but if you're still running an old version of + <bf/ppp/, the problem can be circumvented with the line + + <verb> + disable pred1 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up when I shell out to test it</heading> + + <p>When you execute the <tt/shell/ or <tt/!/ command, <bf/ppp/ + executes a shell (or if you've passed any arguements, <bf/ppp/ + will execute those arguements). Ppp will wait for the command + to complete before continuing. If you attempt to use the + ppp link while running the command, the link will appear to have + frozen. This is because <bf/ppp/ is waiting for the command + to complete. + + <p>If you wish to execute commands like this, use the + <tt/!bg/ command instead. This will execute the given command + in the background, and ppp can continue to service the link. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp over a null-modem cable never exits</heading> + + <p>There is no way for <bf/ppp/ to automatically determine that + a direct connection has been dropped. This is due to the + lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using + this sort of connection, LQR should always be enabled with + the line + + <verb> + enable lqr + </verb> + + <p>LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why does ppp dial for no reason in -auto mode</heading> + + <p>If <bf/ppp/ is dialing unexpectedly, you must determine the + cause, and set up Dial filters (dfilters) to prevent such dialing. + + <p>To determine the cause, use the following line: + + <verb> + set log +tcp/ip + </verb> + + <p>This will log all traffic through the connection. The next + time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the reason + logged with a convenient timestamp next to it. + + <p>You can now disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, + this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent + DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will <bf/not/ + prevent <bf/ppp/ from passing the packets through an established + connection), use the following: + + <verb> + set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53 + set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53 + set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0 + </verb> + + <p>This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break your + demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS lookup + before doing any other network related things. + + <p>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is actually + trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail" + name="sendmail"> is the culprit. You should make sure that you tell + sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See + the section on <ref id="ispmail" name="Mail Configuration"> for + details on how to create your own configuration file and what should + go into it. You may also want to add the following line to your + <bf/.mc/ file: + + <verb> + define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl + </verb> + + <p>This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue is + run (usually, sendmail is invoked with ``-bd -q30m'', telling it + to run the queue every 30 minutes) or until a ``sendmail -q'' + is done (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file). + + <sect2> + <heading>What do these CCP errors mean</heading> + + <p>I keep seeing the following errors in my log file: + + <verb> + CCP: CcpSendConfigReq + CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6) + </verb> + + <p>This is because ppp is trying to negotiate Predictor1 + compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any + compression at all. The messages are harmless, but if you + wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression + locally too: + + <verb> + disable pred1 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up during file transfers with IO errors</heading> + + <p>Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the tun + driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger than + the tun interface's MTU size. Receipt of a packet greater than + the MTU size results in an IO error being logged via syslogd. + + <p>The ppp specification says that an MRU of 1500 should + <bf>always</bf> be accepted as a minimum, despite any LCP + negotiations, therefore it is possible that should you decrease + the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will transmit packets of + 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this non-feature - locking + up your link. + + <p>The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of + less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why doesn't ppp log my connection speed?</heading> + + <p>In order to log all lines of your modem ``conversation'', + you must enable the following: + + <verb> + set log +connect + </verb> + + <p>This will make + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> + log everything up until the last requested "expect" string. + + <p>If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP or CHAP + (and therefore don't have anything to "chat" after the CONNECT + in the dial script - no "set login" script), you must make sure that + you instruct ppp to "expect" the whole CONNECT line, something like + this: + + <verb> + set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n" + </verb> + + <p>Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a line-feed, + forcing <bf/ppp/ to read the whole CONNECT response. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp ignores the `\' character in my chat script</heading> + + <p>Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can + interpret strings such as <tt/set phone "123 456 789"/ correctly + (and realize that the number is actually only <bf/one/ argument. + In order to specify a ``"'' character, you must escape it using + a backslash (``\''). + + <p>When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets + the argument in order to find any special escape sequences such + as ``\P'' or ``\T'' (see the man page). As a result of this + double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of + escapes. + + <p>If you wish to actually send a ``\'' character to (say) your + modem, you'd need something like: + + <verb> + set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK" + </verb> + + <p>resulting in the following sequence: + + <verb> + ATZ + OK + AT\X + OK + </verb> + + <p>or + + <verb> + set phone 1234567 + set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T" + </verb> + + <p>resulting in the following sequence: + + <verb> + ATZ + OK + ATDT1234567 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp gets a seg-fault, but I see no <tt/ppp.core/ file</heading> + + <p>Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never + dump core. Because ppp runs with an effective user id of 0, + the operating system will not write ppps core image to disk + before terminating it. If, however ppp <bf/is/ actually + termating due to a segmentation violation or some other + signal that normally causes core to be dumped, <bf/and/ you're + sure you're using the latest version (see the start of this + section), then you should do the following: + + <verb> + $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz + $ cd ppp*/ppp + $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile + $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile + $ make clean all + $ su + # make install + # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp + </verb> + + <p>You will now have a debuggable version of ppp installed. You + will have to be root to run ppp as all of its privileges have + been revoked. When you start ppp, take a careful note of what + your current directory was at the time. + + <p>Now, if and when ppp receives the segmentation violation, it + will dump a core file called ppp.core. You should then do the + following: + + <verb> + $ su + # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core + (gdb) bt + ..... + (gdb) f 0 + ..... + (gdb) i args + ..... + (gdb) l + ..... + </verb> + + <p>All of this information should be given alongside your + question, making it possible to diagnose the problem. + <p>If you're familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some + other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and + the addresses & values of the relevant variables. + + <sect2> + <heading> + The process that forces a dial in auto mode never connects + </heading> + + <p>This was a known problem with <bf/ppp/ set up to negotiate + a dynamic local IP number with the peer in auto mode. It is + fixed in the latest version - search the man page for <bf/iface/. + + <p>The problem was that when that initial program calls + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect" + name="connect(2)">, the IP number of the tun interface is + assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first + outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. <bf/Ppp/ then + reads the packet and establishes a connection. If, as a result + of <bf/ppp/s dynamic IP assignment, the interface address is changed, + the original socket endpoint will be invalid. Any subsequent + packets sent to the peer will usually be dropped. Even if + they aren't, any responses will not route back to the originating + machine as the IP number is no longer owned by that machine. + + <p>There are several theoretical ways to approach this problem. + It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the same IP number + if possible <tt/:-)/ The current version of <bf/ppp/ does this, + but most other implementations don't. + + <p>The easiest method from our side would be to never change the + tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing packets + so that the source IP number is changed from the interface IP to + the negotiated IP on the fly. This is essentially what the + <tt/iface-alias/ option in the latest version of <bf/ppp/ is + doing (with the help of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="libalias(3)"> + and ppp's <bf/-alias/ switch) - it's maintaining all previous + interface addresses and aliasing them to the last negotiated address. + + <p>Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would be + to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets from one + IP to another. <bf/Ppp/ would use this call to modify the + sockets of all existing programs when a new IP number is + negotiated. The same system call could be used by dhcp clients + when they are forced to re-bind() their sockets. + + <p>Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be brought + up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be given + an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first SIOCAIFADDR + ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding the socket. It + would be up to <bf/ppp/ to change the source IP number, but only if + it's set to 255.255.255.255, and only the IP number and IP checksum + would need to change. This, however is a bit of a hack as + the kernel would be sending bad packets to an improperly + configured interface, on the assumption that some other mechanism + is capable of fixing things retrospectively. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why don't most games work with the -alias switch</heading> + + <p>The reason games and the like don't work when libalias is + in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a + connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine + on the inside. The packet alias software doesn't know that + it should send these packets to the interior machine. + + <p>To make things work, make sure that the only thing running + is the software that you're having problems with, then either + run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or enable ppp + tcp/ip logging (``set log +tcp/ip'') on the gateway. + + <p>When you start the offending software, you should see packets + passing through the gateway machine. When something comes back + from the outside, it'll be dropped (that's the problem). Note + the port number of these packets then shut down the offending + software. Do this a few times to see if the port numbers are + consistent. If they are, then the following line in the relevant + section of /etc/ppp/ppp.conf will make the software functional: + + <verb> + alias port proto internalmachine:port port + </verb> + + <p>where ``proto'' is either ``tcp'' or ``udp'', + ``internalmachine'' is the machine that you want the packets + to be sent to and ``port'' is the destination port number of + the packets. + + <p>You won't be able to use the software on other machines + without changing the above command, and running the software + on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question + - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal + network as being just a single machine. + + <p>If the port numbers aren't consistent, there are three more + options: + + <p><bf>1)</bf> Submit support in libalias. Examples of ``special + cases'' can be found in /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c (alias_ftp.c + is a good prototype). This usually involves reading certain + recognised outgoing packets, identifying the instruction that + tells the outside machine to initiate a connection back to the + internal machine on a specific (random) port and setting up a + ``route'' in the alias table so that the subsequent packets + know where to go. + + <p>This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best and + will make the software work with multiple machines. + + <p><bf>2)</bf> Use a proxy. The application may support socks5 + for example, or (as in the ``cvsup'' case) may have a ``passive'' + option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open connections + back to the local machine. + + <p><bf>3)</bf> Redirect everything to the internal machine using + ``alias addr''. This is the sledge-hammer approach. + + <sect2> + <heading>What are FCS errors ?</heading> + + <p>FCS stands for <bf/F/rame <bf/C/heck <bf/S/equence. Each + ppp packet has a checksum attached to ensure that the data + being received is the data being sent. If the FCS of an + incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the + HDLC FCS count is increased. The HDLC error values can be + displayed using the <tt>show hdlc</tt> command. + + <p>If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping + packets), you will see the occasional FCS error. This is not + usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the + compression protocols substantially. If you have an external + modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from + interference - this may eradicate the problem. + + <p>If your link freezes as soon as you've connected and you see + a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link is + not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software + flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink <bf>must</bf> use + software flow control, use the command + <tt>set accmap 0x000a0000</tt> to tell <bf>ppp</bf> to escape + the ^Q and ^S characters. + + <p>Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that + the remote end has stopped talking <bf/PPP/. You may want to + enable <tt/async/ logging at this point to determine if the + incoming data is actually a login or shell prompt. If you + have a shell prompt at the remote end, it's possible to + terminate ppp without dropping the line by using the + <tt>close lcp</tt> command (a following <tt>term</tt> command + will reconnect you to the shell on the remote machine. + + <p>If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might + have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator + (your ISP?) why the session was terminated. + + <sect2> + <heading>None of this helps - I'm desperate !</heading> + + <p>If all else fails, send as much information as you can, + including your config files, how you're starting <bf/ppp/, + the relevant parts of your log file and the output of the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" + name="netstat -rn"> command (before and after connecting) to the + <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org" + name="freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"> mailing list or the + <url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> news group, and someone + should point you in the right direction. + + <sect1> + <heading>I can't create a <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!</heading> + + <p>In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only + directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the + <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> file and the manual pages for the various + network programs mentioned there for more information. If this + leaves you totally confused, then you should pick up a book + describing network administration on another BSD-related + operating system; with few significant exceptions, administering + networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or + Ultrix. + + <sect1> + <heading>How can I setup Ethernet aliases?</heading> + + <p>Add ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' to your <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" name="ifconfig"> + command-line like the following: + + <verb> + ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?</heading> + + <p>If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an + additional parameter on the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" + name="ifconfig"> command line. The + default port is ``<tt/link0/''. To use the AUI port instead of + the BNC one, use ``<tt/link2/''. These flags should be specified + using the ifconfig_* variables in <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf">. + + <sect1> + <heading>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD.</heading> + + <p>Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it + mildly) and can sometimes cause problems with network intensive + applications like NFS. + + <p>See <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS"> + for more information on this topic. + + <sect1> + <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?</heading> + + <p>Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests + from a privileged port; try + + <verb> + mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Sun box?</heading> + + <p>Sun workstations running SunOS 4.X only accept mount requests + from a privileged port; try + + <verb> + mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>I'm having problems talking PPP to NeXTStep machines.</heading> + + <p>Try disabling the TCP extensions in <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> by + changing the following variable to NO: + + <verb> + tcp_extensions=NO + </verb> + + <p>Xylogic's Annex boxes are also broken in this regard and you must + use the above change to connect thru them. + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I enable IP multicast support?</heading> + + <p>Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and + later by default. If you want your box to run as a multicast router, + you will need to recompile your kernel with the <tt>MROUTING</tt> + option and run <tt/mrouted/. FreeBSD 2.2 and later will start + <tt/mrouted/ at boot time if the flag <tt/mrouted_enable/ is set + to "YES" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>. + + <p>MBONE tools are available in their own ports category, mbone. If + you are looking for the conference tools <tt/vic/ and <tt/vat/, + look there! + + <p>For more information, see the + <url url="http://www.mbone.com/" name="Mbone Information Web">. + + <sect1> + <heading>Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI chipset?</heading> + + <p>Here is a list compiled by <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org" + name="Glen Foster">, with some more modern additions: + + <verb> + Vendor Model + ---------------------------------------------- + ASUS PCI-L101-TB + Accton ENI1203 + Cogent EM960PCI + Compex ENET32-PCI + D-Link DE-530 + Dayna DP1203, DP2100 + DEC DE435 + Danpex EN-9400P3 + JCIS Condor JC1260 + Linksys EtherPCI + Mylex LNP101 + SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332) + SMC EtherPower (Model 8432) + TopWare TE-3500P + Zynx ZX342 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?</heading> + + <p>You will probably find that the host is actually in a different + domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach + a host called ``mumble'' in the bar.edu domain, you will have to + refer to it by the fully-qualified domain name, ``mumble.bar.edu'', + instead of just ``mumble''. + + <p>Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers. However + the current version of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?named" name="bind"> that ships + with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-fully + qualified domain names other than the domain you are in. + So an unqualified host <tt>mumble</tt> must either be found + as <tt>mumble.foo.bar.edu</tt>, or it will be searched for + in the root domain. + + <p>This is different from the previous behavior, where the + search continued across <tt>mumble.bar.edu</tt>, and + <tt>mumble.edu</tt>. Have a look at RFC 1535 for why this + was considered bad practice, or even a security hole. + + <p>As a good workaround, you can place the line + + <verb> + search foo.bar.edu bar.edu + </verb> + + <p>instead of the previous + + <verb> + domain foo.bar.edu + </verb> + + <p>into your <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?resolv.conf" + name="/etc/resolv.conf"> file. However, make sure that the search order + does not go beyond the ``boundary between local and public + administration'', as RFC 1535 calls it. + + <sect1> + <heading>``Permission denied'' for all networking operations.</heading> + + <p>If you have compiled your kernel with the <tt/IPFIREWALL/ + option, you need to be aware that the default policy as of + 2.1.7R (this actually changed during 2.1-STABLE development) + is to deny all packets that are not explicitly allowed. + + <p>If you had unintentionally misconfigured your system for + firewalling, you can restore network operability by typing + the following while logged in as root: + + <verb> + ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any + </verb> + + <p>You can also set "firewall_type='open'" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>. + + <p>For further information on configuring a FreeBSD firewall, + see the <url url="../handbook/firewalls.html" name="Handbook section">. + + <sect1> + <heading>How much overhead does IPFW incur?</heading> + + <p>The answer to this depends mostly on your rule set and processor + speed. For most applications dealing with ethernet and small + rule sets, the answer is, negligible. For those of you that need + actual measurements to satisfy your curiosity, read on. + + <p>The following measurements were made using 2.2.5-STABLE on + a 486-66. IPFW was modified to measure the time spent within + the <tt/ip_fw_chk/ routine, displaying the results to the console + every 1000 packets. + + <p>Two rule sets, each with 1000 rules were tested. The first set + was designed to demonstrate a worst case scenario by repeating the + rule: + + <verb> + ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555 + </verb> + + <p>This demonstrates worst case by causing most of IPFW's packet + check routine to be executed before finally deciding that the + packet does not match the rule (by virtue of the port number). + Following the 999th iteration of this rule was an <tt>allow ip + from any to any</tt>. + + <p>The second set of rules were designed to abort the rule + check quickly: + + <verb> + ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4 + </verb> + + <p>The nonmatching source IP address for the above rule causes + these rules to be skipped very quickly. As before, the 1000th + rule was an <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>. + + <p>The per-packet processing overhead in the former case was + approximately 2.703ms/packet, or roughly 2.7 microseconds per + rule. Thus the theoretical packet processing limit with these + rules is around 370 packets per second. Assuming 10Mbps ethernet + and a ~1500 byte packet size, we would only be able to achieve a + 55.5% bandwidth utilization. + + <p>For the latter case each packet was processed in + approximately 1.172ms, or roughly 1.2 microseconds per rule. + The theoretical packet processing limit here would be about + 853 packets per second, which could consume 10Mbps ethernet + bandwidth. + + <p>The excessive number of rules tested and the nature of those + rules do not provide a real-world scenario -- they were used only + to generate the timing information presented here. Here are a + few things to keep in mind when building an efficient rule set: + + <itemize> + + <item>Place an `established' rule early on to handle the + majority of TCP traffic. Don't put any <tt>allow tcp</tt> + statements before this rule. + + <item>Place heavily triggered rules earlier in the rule + set than those rarely used (<bf>without changing the + permissiveness of the firewall</bf>, of course). You can see + which rules are used most often by examining the packet counting + statistics with <tt>ipfw -a l</tt>. + + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>How can I redirect service requests from one machine to another? + </heading> + + <p>You can redirect FTP (and other service) request with the 'socket' + package, available in the ports tree in category 'sysutils'. + Simply replace the service's commandline to call socket instead, like so: + +<verb> +ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp +</verb> + + <p>where 'ftp.foo.com' and 'ftp' are the host and port to redirect to, + respectively. + + <sect1> + <heading>Where can I get a bandwidth management tool?</heading> + + <p>There are two bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. + <url url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html" + name="ALTQ"> is available for free; Bandwidth Manager from + <url url="http://www.etinc.com" name="Emerging Technologies"> is + a commercial product. + + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1d017fc67 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,549 @@ +<!-- $Id: preface.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.26 --> + + <sect> + <heading>«e¨¥<label id="preface"></heading> + + <p>Åwªï¨Ó¨ì FreeBSD 2.X FAQ! + + <sect1> + <heading>¼g³o¥÷ FAQ ªº¥Øªº¬O¤°»ò ?</heading> + + <p>¸ò¨ä¥L Usenet ¤Wªº FAQ ¤@¼Ë, ³o¥÷¤å¥ó¥Dn²[»\¤F¦³Ãö FreeBSD ³o®M§@ + ·~¨t²Î³Ì±`³Q°Ý¨ìªº°ÝÃD (·íµM¥]¬A¤F¦^µª !)¡CÁöµM»¡§ÚÌ¥»¨Óªº¥Øªº¬O¬°¤F + ´î¤Öºô¸ôÀW¼eªº®ö¶O¥H¤ÎÁ×§K¦P¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¤@¦A¥X²{, ¦ý¬O FAQ ¤w¸g³Qµø¬°¬O¤@ + ºØ«Ü¦³»ùȪº¸ê°T¤F¡C + + <p>§Ṳ́w¸g¾¨¥i¯à¦a¨Ï³o¥÷ FAQ §óÂ×´I¤F ; ¦pªG±z¹ï¦p¦ó¨Ï¨ä§ó¶i¨B¦³¥ô¦ó + «ØÄ³, ½ÐÀH®É±H¹q¤l¶l¥óµ¹ <url url="mailto:FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="FAQ ºûÅ@ªÌ">¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¤°»ò¬O FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p>²³æ¦a¨Ó»¡, FreeBSD 2.X ¬O¤@®M®Ú¾Ú U.C. Berkeley's 4.4BSD-lite + release for the i386 platform ©Ò§¹¦¨ªº UN*X-like §@·~¨t²Î¡C¥¦¦P®É¤]¶¡ + ±µ¨Ï¥Î¤F William Jolitz ²¾´Ó¨ì i386 ¤Wªº U.C. Berkeley's Net/2, ¤]´N¬O + 386BSD¡C¤£¹L²{¦b 386BSD ªºµ{¦¡½X¥u³Ñ¤U·¥¤Ö¼ÆÁÙ¯d¦s¦b FreeBSD ¤¤¡C±z¥i + ¥H¦b <url url="http://www.freebsd.org" name="FreeBSD º¶"> §ä¨ì¦³Ãö¤° + »ò¬O FreeBSD ¥H¤Î¥¦¥i¥HÀ°±z°µ¨Ç¤°»òªº¬ÛÃö¸ê°T¡C + + <p>FreeBSD ¤w³Q¼sªx¦a³Q¥@¬É¦U¦aªº¤½¥q¦æ¸¹, ISP, ¬ã¨s¤Hû, ¹q¸£±M®a, ¾Ç + ¥Í, ¥H¤Î®a®x¥Î¤á©Ò¨Ï¥Î, ¥Î¦b¤u§@, ±Ð¨|, ¥H¤Î®T¼Ö¤W¡C±z¥i¥H¦b + <url url="../gallery/gallery.html" name="FreeBSD Gallery">¬Ý¨ì¤@¨Ç¦³ + Ãö¥L̪º¸ê®Æ¡C + + <p>¦pªG·Q¬ÝÃö©ó FreeBSD §ó²`¤Jªº¸ê®Æ, ½Ð¬Ý + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U">¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>µo®i FreeBSD ªº¥Øªº¬O¤°»ò ?</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD pµeªº¥Øªº¬O´£¨Ñ¥i¥H¥ô·N¨Ï¥Î¥B¨S¦³¨îªº³nÅé¡C§Ú̦bµ{¦¡½X + (¥H¤Îp±Þ¥»¨) ¤W¥I¥X¤F¤j¶q¤ß¦å, ÁöµM§Ų́S¦³¯S§O±j½Õ, ¤£¹L¨Ã¤£n¨D¥ô + ¦óª÷¿ú¤Wªº¦^õX¡C§Ú̬۫H§Ú̺nªº "¥ô°È" ´N¬O´£¨Ñµ{¦¡½Xµ¹¨C¤@ӨϥΠ+ ªÌ, ¤£ºÞ¥L̪º¥Øªº¬O¤°»ò ; ³o»ò¤@¨Ó, ³o¨Çµ{¦¡½X¤~¯à³Q¥Î¦b³Ì¦h¦a¤è, ¤] + ¤~¯àµo´§¥¦Ì³Ì¤jªº§Q¯q¡C§Ú̬۫H³o´N¬O¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé³Ì°ò¥»ªº¥Ø¼Ð¤§¤@, ¦Ó¥B§Ú + Ì·|ºÉ¥þ¤O¥h¤ä«ù¥¦¡C + + <p>¦b§ÚÌ source tree ¤¤¦³³¡¥÷ªºµ{¦¡½X¬O±Ä¥Î©Ò¿×ªº GPL ©Î¬O LGPL ª©Åv + «Å§i, ÁöµM³o¨Çª©Åv«Å§i¬O¥Î¨Ó«O»Ù¦Ó«D¨î¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºÅv§Q, ²¦³º¬O¤£¨º»ò¦Û¥Ñ + ¤F¨Ç¡C¥Ñ©ó³o¨Ç GPL ªº³nÅé¦b°Ó·~¨Ï¥Î¤W·|¤Þ°_«D±`½ÆÂøªºª©Åv°ÝÃD, ¦]¦¹¥u + n¦³¾÷·|, §ÚÌ·|ºÉ¶q¥H±Ä¥Î¤ñ¸ûÃPªº BSD ª©Åvªº³nÅé¨Ó¨ú¥N³o¨Ç GPL ª©Åv«Å + §iªº³nÅé¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¬°¤°»òn¥s°µ FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p> + <itemize> + <item>±z¥i¥H§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¥¦, §Y¨Ï¬O¥Î©ó°Ó·~¥Î³~¡C + + <item>¾ãÓ FreeBSD §@·~¨t²Î§¹¾ãªºì©lµ{¦¡³£¥i¥H§K¶O¨ú±o, ¦Ó¥B¦b¨Ï¥Î + ¤Î´²§G¦U¤è±¤]¥u¨ü¨ì³Ì¤pªº¨î (¤£½×¬O§_¥Î©ó°Ó·~¥Î³~)¡C + + <item>¥ô¦ó¤H³£¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¦a§â¥L¹ï¨t²Îªº§ï¨}©Î¿ù»~×¥¿ªºµ{¦¡½X¥[¤J + source tree ¤§¤¤ (·íµMn²Å¦X´XÓ¥ý¨M±ø¥ó)¡C + </itemize> + + <p>¦pªGŪªÌ±zªº¥À»y¤£¬O^»yªº¸Ü, ±zn¯S§Oª`·N³o¸Ìªº "free" ¨âºØ¥Îªkªº + ·N«ä¬O¤£¤@¼Ëªº : ¤@ºØªº·N«ä¬O "§K¶O", ¥t¤@ºØªº·N«ä¬O "¦Û¥Ñ"¡C±z¥i¥H®³ + FreeBSD ¥h°µ¥ô¦ó±z·Qn°µªº¨Æ, °£¤F¤@¨Ç¨Ò¥~, ¨Ò¦p±z«ÅºÙ FreeBSD ¬O±z¼g + ªº¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>³Ì·sª©ªº FreeBSD ¬O¨º¤@ª© ?</heading> + + <p><url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.8-RELEASE" + name="2.2.8"> ¬O¥Ø«e³Ì·sªº <em> stable </em> ª© ; ¥¦©ó 1998 ¦~ + 12 ¤ëµo¦æ¡C¥¦¦P®É¤]¬O¥Ø«e³Ì·sªº <em>release</em> ª©¡C + + <p>²³æªº»¡, <bf>-stable</bf> ªº¥Dn¶D¨D¹ï¶H¬O¹ï©óéw©Ê¤Î§CÅܲ§©Ê¦³ + ¸û±j»Ý¨Dªº¾÷ºc, ¨Ò¦p ISP, ¦Ó«D³ß·R¤@¨Ç¯S§O·s¥\¯àªº¾÷ºc¡C¦b¦¹¦P®É, ³o + ¨Çª©¥»¬O§¹¥þ¤@¼Ëªº, ¦ý¬O¦b <bf>-current</bf> ³oÓ¤À¤äªº§¹¦¨«×¨¬¥H°µ¤@ + Ó¥¿±` release ¤§«e, ³oºØ±¡ªp¤£·|ºû«ù¤Ó¤[¡C + + <p>¦ý¬O³o¨Ã¤£¥Nªí»¡ 3.0-current snapshot ´N¤£¾A¦X¥Î¦b°Ó·~ªA°È¤W, ¨Æ¹ê + ¤W, «Ü¦h»Ýn 3.0 ·s¥\¯à (§ó·sªº½s;¹§Þ³N, §ó¦³®Ä²vªººô¸ôµ{¦¡½Xµ¥) ªº + ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£±o¨ì¤F«D±`º¡·Nªºµ²ªG¡C¦b¥¦Åܱo§óéw¥H«e, §Ṳ́£¯à "¾á«O" 3.0 + ¥i¥H¾á±o°_«nªº¤u§@¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¤°»ò¬O FreeBSD-current?<label id="current"></heading> + + <p><url url="../handbook/current.html" name="FreeBSD-current">«üªº¬O¥¿ + ¦bµo®i¤¤ªºª©¥», ¥¦²×±N¦b¾A·íªº®É¾÷¦¨¬° 3.0.1-RELEASE¡C¥¦¹ê¦b¬O¥u¾A¦Xµ¹ + ¨t²Îµo®iªÌ¥H¤Î¦³¼Ý¤Oªº·~¾l·R¦nªÌ¨Ï¥Î¡C¦pªG·Qn±o¨ì¦³Ãö¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î + -current ªº²`¤J¸ê°T, ½Ð°Ñ¦Ò + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U"> ªº + <url 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<item>¬°¤F½T«O©Ò¦³»Ýn´ú¸Õªº·s¥\¯à³£¥i¥H±o¨ì³Ì¦hªº´ú¸Õ¡C + </itemize> + + <p>µL½×¦p¦ó, §Ṳ́£«OÃÒ snapshot ªº«~½è¡C¬°¤Féw©Ê, ±z³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î§¹¥þ + release ªºª©¥»¡C + + <p>±z¥i¥Hª½±µ±q + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/"> ¨ú±o snapshot + release, ¤£ºÞ¬O 3.0-current ©Î¬O 2.2-stable, ¥§¡¨C¤Ñ³£·|²£¥Í¤@Ó + snapshot ªºª©¥»¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¤°»ò¬O FreeBSD-stable?</heading> + + <p>¦^·¹¨ì FreeBSD 2.0.5 èµoªíªº®ÉÔ, §Ų́M©w§â FreeBSD ªº release + ¤À¦¨¨â¤ä¡C¤@¤ä¥s°µ<url url="../handbook/stable.html" name="-stable"> , + §ÚÌ¥u¹ï¥¦°µ¿ù»~×¥¿¤Î¤p´T«×ªº×§ï (³o¬Oµ¹ ISP ©M°Ó·~¤½¥qµ¥¹ï¹êÅ礤¥\ + ¯à¤£·P¿³½ìªº³æ¦ì©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº)¡C¥t¥~¤@¤ä¥s°µ + <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="-current">, ±q 2.0 ª©µo¦æ¥H + «á´N¤£¶¡Â_¦a´ÂµÛ 3.0-RELEASE (¥H¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥») «e¶iµÛ¡C¤U±´N¬Oª©¥»ºt + ¶iªº¥Ü·N¹Ï : + +<verb> + 2.0 + | + | + | [2.1-stable] + *BRANCH* 2.0.5 -> 2.1 -> 2.1.5 -> 2.1.6 -> 2.1.7.1 [2.1-stable ends] + | (Mar 1997) + | + | + | [2.2-stable] + *BRANCH* 2.2.1 -> 2.2.2-RELEASE -> 2.2.5 -> 2.2.6 -> 2.2.7 -> 2.2.8 [end] + | (Mar 1997) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Jul 98) (Dec 98) + | + | + 3.0-SNAPs (started Q1 1997) + | + | + 3.0.0-RELEASE (Oct 1998) + | + | [3.0-stable] + *BRANCH* 3.0.1 (Feb 1999) -> ... future 3.0.x releases ... + | + | + \|/ + + + [3.1-current continues] +</verb> + + <p>-current ³oÓ¤À¤ä¥¿½wºC¦a´Â¦V 3.0.1 ¥H¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»«e¶iµÛ, ¦Ó¤§«eªº + 2.2-stable ¤À¤ä«hÀHµÛ 2.2.8 ªºµoªí¦Ó¥\¦¨¨°h¡C3.0-current ±N·|¦¨¬°¥Dn + ªºµo®i½u, ª½¨ì 1999 ¦~ªì 3.0.1 µoªí¬°¤î¡C¨ì¨ºÓ®ÉÔ, 3.0 ´N·|¦¨¬°¥t¤@ + Ó¤À¤ä, ¦Ó 3.1-current «hÅܦ¨¤U¤@Ó "current ¤À¤ä"¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>·sªº FreeBSD ±N©ó¤°»ò®ÉÔ±À¥X ?</heading> + + <p>¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥, ·í FreeBSD core team »{¬°¤w¸g²Ö¿n¤F¨¬°÷¦hªº·s¥\¯à©M¿ù»~× + ¥¿, ¦Ó¥B³o¨Ç§ó°Ê¨Ã¤£¼vÅT¨t²Îéw«×ªº®ÉÔ, ¥L̤~·|±À¥X·sª©ªº FreeBSD¡C + ÁöµMµ¥«Ý³o¨Ç¦nªF¦èªº®É¶¡¥O¤H¦³ÂIªq³à, ¦ý¬O¤j¦h¼Æªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£»{¬°³oºØÂÔ·V + ªººA«×¬O FreeBSD ³Ì¦nªº³¡¥÷¤§¤@¡C + + <p>¥§¡¦Ó¨¥, §Ų́C¥|Ó¤ëµo¦æ¤@¦¸ release¡C + + <p>¬°¤Fº¡¨¬¨º¨Ç»Ýn (©Î·Qn) ¨ë¿Eªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ, ³q±` SNAP ªºµoªí¬O¬Û·íÀWÁc + ªº, ¯S§O¬O¦b release µoªí¤§«e¤@Ӥ륪¥k¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¥u¯à¦b PC ¤W¨Ï¥Î¶Ü ?</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD 3.x ¥Ø«e¥i¥H¦b + <url url="../alpha/alpha.html" name="DEC Alpha"> ¤W¨Ï¥Î, ´N¹³¦b x86 ¬[ + ºc¤U¨Ï¥Î¤@¼Ë¡C§Ú̹ﲾ´Ó¨ì SPARC ¤W¤]¦³¬Û·íªº¿³½ì, ¤£¹L³o³¡¥÷ªºpµeÁÙ + ¨S¦³§¹¥þ©ú®Ô¤Æ¡C + + ¦pªG±zªº¾÷¾¹¤£¬O¥H¤W³o¨Ç¬[ºc, ¦Ó¥B±z²{¦b´Nnªº¸Ü, §ÚÌ«ØÄ³±z°Ñ¦Ò + <url url="http://www.netbsd.org/" name="NetBSD"> ©Î¬O + <url url="http://www.openbsd.org/" name="OpenBSD">¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>½Öt³d FreeBSD ªºµo®i ?</heading> + + <p>¦pªG¬O¤@¨Ç¦³Ãö FreeBSD pµeªºÃöÁä©Ê¨M©w, ¹³¬O¾ãÓpµeªº¨«¦V©Î¬O¨M + ©w½Ö¥i¥H§ï source tree ¸Ìªºµ{¦¡½X³oÃþªº¨Æ, ¬O¥Ñ¤@Ó¬ù 15 Ó¤H©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº + <url url="../handbook/staff:core.html" name="core team"> ¨Ó¨M©w¡C¦Ó¦³ + ¥t¤@¸s¬ù 100 Ó¤H¦³Åv§Q¥i¥Hª½±µ×§ï FreeBSD ªº source tree¡C + + <p>µL½×¦p¦ó, ¤j¦h¼Æªº§ïÅܳ£·|¨Æ«e¦b + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing lists"> ¥ý°Q½×¹L, ¦Ó¥B¨CÓ¤H³£¥i¥H°Ñ»P + °Q½×¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún¦p¦ó¨ú±o FreeBSD ?<label id="where-get"></heading> + + <p>¨CÓ FreeBSD ªº«nª©¥»³£¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ°Î¦W ftp ±q + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="FreeBSD FTP site"> + ¨ú±o¡C + + <itemize> + <item>¦pªG¬O¥Ø«eªº 2.2-stable release, 2.2.8R, ½Ð¬Ý + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.8-RELEASE/" + name="2.2.8-RELEASE"> ³oӥؿý¡C + + <item>¦pªG¬O¥Ø«eªº 3.0-current release, 3.0-SNAP, ½Ð¬Ý + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" name="3.0"> ³o + ¿ý¡C + + <item>ÀHµÛ RELENG_2_2 ¤À¤ä («á¨Óªº 2.2.8) ºCºC¦a¶i¤JºûÅ@¶¥¬q, §Ų́C + ¤Ñ³£·|µo¦æ <url url="ftp://releng22.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="2.2 Snapshot">¡C§Ú̥ثe¥¿§´µ½ºûÅ@µÛ RELENG_2_2 ³oÓ¤À¤ä, °£«D + ¹ï¨t²Î¦w¥þ©Î¬O¨t²Îªº¥i¾a©Ê¦³©Ò¼W±j, §_«h§Ú̱N¤£¦A§ó°Ê¡C + + <item><ref id="current" name="-current"> ¤À¤ä¤]¬O¨C¤Ñ±À¥X + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="3.0 Snapshot">, ¯Âºé¬O¬°¤F¼ö¤ßªº´ú¸ÕªÌ¥H¤Îµo®i¤Hû©Ò´£¨Ñªº¡C + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD ªº CDROM ¥i¥H±q¤U¦C¦a¤è¨ú±o : + + <p>Walnut Creek CDROM<newline> + 4041 Pike Lane, Suite F<newline> + Concord, CA 94520 USA<newline> + Orders: +1 800 786-9907<newline> + Questions: +1 925 674-0783<newline> + FAX: +1 925 674-0821<newline> + email: <url url="mailto:orders@cdrom.com" name="WC Orders address"> + <newline> + WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/" name="WC Home page"> + <newline> + + <p>¦pªG±z¦b¿D¬w, ±z¥i¥H§ä : + + <p>Advanced Multimedia Distributors<newline> + Factory 1/1 Ovata Drive<newline> + Tullamarine, Melbourne<newline> + Victoria<newline> + Australia<newline> + Voice: +61 3 9338 6777<newline> + + CDROM Support BBS<newline> + 17 Irvine St<newline> + Peppermint Grove WA 6011<newline> + Voice: +61 9 385-3793<newline> + Fax: +61 9 385-2360<newline> + + ¦b^°ê : + + The Public Domain & Shareware Library<newline> + Winscombe House, Beacon Rd<newline> + Crowborough<newline> + Sussex. TN6 1UL<newline> + Voice: +44 1892 663-298<newline> + Fax: +44 1892 667-473<newline> + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú¦b¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì¦³Ãö FreeBSD mailing lists ªº¸ê°T ?<label id="mailing"> + </heading> + + <p>±z¥i¥H¦b <url url="../handbook/eresources:mail.html" + name="¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U - mailing-lists"> ¤¤§ä¨ì§¹¾ãªº¸ê°T¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¦³¤°»ò°Q½× FreeBSD ªº·s»D°Q½×¸s²Õ¶Ü ?</heading> + + <p>±z¥i¥H¦b <url url="../handbook/eresources:news.html" + name="¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U - ·s»D°Q½×¸s²Õ"> ¤¤§ä¨ì§¹¾ãªº¸ê°T¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + ¦³±Mªù°Q½× FreeBSD ªº IRC ÀW¹D¶Ü ? + </heading> + + <p>¬Oªº, ¤j³¡¥÷¥Dnªº IRC ºô¸ô¥D¾÷³£´£¨Ñ¤F FreeBSD ªº²á¤ÑÀW¹D : + + <itemize> + <item>EFNet ©Ò´£¨Ñªº <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> ÀW¹D¬O¤@Ó FreeBSD ªº½× + ¾Â, ¦ý¬O±z¥i¯àµLªk±q¨ºÃä±o¨ì§Þ³N¤è±ªº¤ä´©, ±z¤]§O·Q¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì¥ô¦ó + ¤H¥i¥HÀ°±zÁ×§K±¼¾\Ū man page ¥H¤Î¦Û¤v¬ã¨sªºµhW¡C¨º¬O¤@Ó¥H²á¤Ñ¬° + ¥DªºÀW¹D, ¦b¨ºÃä²á¨ì FreeBSD ©M²á¨ì©Ê¡B¹B°Ê¡B¥H¤Î®Ö¤lªZ¾¹ªº¾÷·|¬O + ¤@¼Ë°ªªº¡C + §Ṳ́w¸gĵ§i¹L±z¤F¡C + ±z¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ <tt>irc.chat.org</tt> ¨Ó³s½u¡C + + <item>DALNET ©Ò´£¨Ñªº <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> ÀW¹D, ¦b¬ü°ê¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ + <tt>irc.dal.net</tt> ¨Ó³s½u, ¦b¼Ú¬w¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ <tt>irc.eu.dal.net</tt> + ¨Ó³s½u¡C + + <item>UNDERNET ©Ò´£¨Ñªº <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> ÀW¹D, ¦b¬ü°ê¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ + <tt>us.undernet.org</tt> ¨Ó³s½u, ¦b¼Ú¬w¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ + <tt>eu.undernet.org</tt> ¨Ó³s½u¡C + + <item>³Ì«á, ±z¤]¥i¥H¥[¤J BSDNET ©Ò´£¨Ñªº <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> ÀW + ¹D, ³o¬O¤@Ó¤p«¬ªº BSD ±M¥Î²á¤Ñºô¸ô, ¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ + <tt>irc.FreeBSD.org</tt> ¨Ó³s½u¡C + </itemize> + + <p>¥H¤Wªº³o¨ÇÀW¹D³£¬O¤£¦Pªº, ¦Ó¥B¥¦Ì¨Ã¨S¦³¤¬¬Û³s³q¡C¥¦Ì²á¤Ñªº¤è¦¡¤] + ¤£¾¨¬Û¦P, ©Ò¥H±z¥i¯à¨CÓ³£n¥hÀ|¸Õ¤@¤U, ¥H§ä¨ì³Ì¾A¦X±zªºÀW¹D¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¬ÛÃö®ÑÄy</heading> + + <p>±z©Î³\¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý <tt>doc</tt> mailing list : + <url url="mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="<freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG>"> ¤Wªº FreeBSD ¤å¥ópµe (¦pªG±z + ¯à¥[¤J³o¬Opµe¨º¬O¦A¦n¤£¹Lªº¤F)¡C³oÓ mailing list ¬O¥Î¨Ó°Q½× FreeBSD + ¤å¥óªº¡C¦pªG±z·Qnµo°Ý°ÝÃDªº¸Ü, §Ṳ́]¦³ <tt>questions</tt> mailing + list : + <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="<freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG>"> ¡C + + <p>±z¤]¥i¥H±q + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U"> + ¨ú±o FreeBSD "¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U"¡C½Ðª`·N, ³o¥÷¤å¥ó¤´³B©ó»s§@¶¥¬q, ¦³«Ü¦h³¡¥÷³£ + ÁÙ¨S¦³§¹¦¨¡C + + <p>¦³Ãö FreeBSD ªº®ÑÄy¤¤, ³Ì¦nªºÀ³¸Ó´N¬O Greg Lehey µÛ§@, Walnut Creek + CDROM Books ¥Xª©ªº "The Complete FreeBSD" ¤F¡C²{¦b³o¥»®Ñ¤w¸g¥X¨ì²Ä¤Gª© + ¤F, Á`¦@ 1750 ¶¥ª¥k, ¤º®e¥]¬A¦w¸Ë, ¨t²ÎºÞ²z«ü¾É, µ{¦¡¦w¸Ë¨ó§U, ¥H¤Î + manual pages¡C³o¥»®Ñ (¥H¤Î³Ì·sª©ªº FreeBSD release) ¥i¥H¦V + <url url="http://www.cdrom.com" name="Walnut Creek">, + <url url="http://www.cheapbytes.com" name="CheapBytes">, ©Î¬O¥ô¦ó¤@¶¡ + ±z³ßÅwªº®Ñ§½qÁÊ¡C¥Lªº ISBN ¸¹½X¬O 1-57176-227-2¡C + + <p>µM¦Ó, ¦]¬° FreeBSD 2.2.X ¬O¥H 4.4BSD-Lite2 ¬°°ò¦¨Óµo®iªº¨t²Î, ©Ò¥H + ¤j³¡¥÷ 4.4BSD ªº¤â¥U³£¾A¥Î©ó FreeBSD 2.2.X¡CO'Reilly and Associates + ¥Xª©¤F¤U¦C¤â¥U : + + <itemize> + <item>4.4BSD System Manager's Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 804 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-080-5" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-080-5 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD User's Reference Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 905 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-075-9" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-075-9 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition July 1994, 712 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-076-7" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-076-7 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 886 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-078-3" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-078-3 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition July 1994, 596 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-079-1" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-079-1 <newline> + </itemize> + + <p>±z¥i¥H¦b WWW ¤W§ä¨ì¬ÛÃö¤¶²Ð : + + <url url="http://gnn.com/gnn/bus/ora/category/bsd.html" + name="4.4BSD books description">¡C¦]¬°¾P°â±¡§Î¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü¦n, ©Ò¥H±z¥i¯à«Ü + Ãø¥h¨ú±o³o¨Ç®ÑÄy¡C + + <p>¦pªG±z·Q¹ï 4.4BSD ªº®Ö¤ß¬[ºc¦³§ó²`¼hªº»{ÃÑ, ±zµ´¤£¯à¿ù¹L³o¥»®Ñ : + + <p>McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, + and John Quarterman.<newline> + + <p><em>The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating + System</em>. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996.<newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/0-201-54979-4" name="ISBN"> 0-201-54979-4<newline> + + <p>¤@¥»¦³Ãö¨t²ÎºÞ²zªº¦n®Ñ : + + <p>Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder, Scott Seebass & Trent R. Hein,<newline> + ``Unix System Administration Handbook'', Prentice-Hall, 1995<newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/0-13-151051-7" name="ISBN">: 0-13-151051-7<newline> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ ½Ð½T»{±z¶R¨ìªºªº½T¬O²Ä¤Gª©, ¥¦¬O¬õ¦â®Ñ¥Öªº, ²Ä¤@ª©ªº¤£¬O¡C + + <p>³o¥»®Ñ²[»\¤F¤@¨Ç°ò¦ªºªF¦è, ¥]¬A TCP/IP, DNS, NFS, SLIP/PPP, + sendmail, INN/NNTP, printing, µ¥¡C³o¥»®ÑÆZ¶Qªº (¤j¬ù + US$45-$55) , ¤£¹L¥¦ªº½T¦³³oÓ»ùÈ¡C¥¦¤]ªþ¤F¤@¤ù¤º§t¤@¨Ç + ¤u¨ãµ{¦¡ì©l½Xªº CDROM ; ¤j³¡¥÷ªºªF¦è¦b FreeBSD 2.2.6R ªº CDROM ¸Ì¤]¦³ ( + ³q±` FreeBSD CROM ¸Ìªº¬O¤ñ¸û·sª©ªº) ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún¦p¦ó¥h¦s¨ú±z̪º¿ù»~¦^³ø¸ê®Æ®w©O ?</heading> + + <p>©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ open ªºÅܧón¨D³£¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ§ÚÌ web ¬É±ªº PR + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/send-pr.html" name="submission"> ¤Î + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" name="query"> + ¨Ó¬d¸ß (©Î¬O¦^³ø) §Ú̪º¿ù»~¦^³ø¸ê®Æ®w¡C<em>send-pr(1)</em> ³oÓ«ü¥O¤] + ¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨Ó¦^³ø¿ù»~©Î¬On¨DÅܧó¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì ASCII ©Î¬O PostScript ª©ªº FAQ ?</heading> + + <p>³Ì·sªº FAQ ¥i¥H±q FreeBSD ºô¯¸©Î¬O¥ô¦ó¤@Ó mirror ¯¸»O¨ú±o, ¤£½×¬O + PostScript ©Î¬O¯Â¤å¦rªº (¥]¬A 7 bit ASCII ¥H¤Î 8-bit Latin1) ³£¦³¡C + + <p>PostScript ®æ¦¡ (¤j¬ù 370KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps"> + </itemize> + + <p>ASCII ®æ¦¡ (¤j¬ù 220KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii"> + </itemize> + + <p>ISO 8859-1 ®æ¦¡ (¤j¬ù 220KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1"> + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>¨º¸Ì¥i¥H§ä¨ì ASCII ©Î¬O PostScript ª©ªº¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U ?</heading> + + <p>³Ì·sªº FAQ ¥i¥H±q FreeBSD ºô¯¸©Î¬O¥ô¦ó¤@Ó mirror ¯¸»O¨ú±o, ¤£½×¬O + PostScript ©Î¬O¯Â¤å¦rªº (¥]¬A 7 bit ASCII ¥H¤Î 8-bit Latin1) ³£¦³¡C + + <p>PostScript ®æ¦¡ (¤j¬ù 1.7MB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ps" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ps"> + </itemize> + + <p>ASCII ®æ¦¡ (¤j¬ù 1080KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ascii" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ascii"> + </itemize> + + <p>ISO 8859-1 ®æ¦¡ (¤j¬ù 1080KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.latin1" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.latin1"> + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>ASCII ª©ªº¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤£¬O¯Â¤å¦rÀÉ !</heading> + + <p>¬Oªº, ASCII ©M Latin1 ®æ¦¡ªº FAQ ¥H¤Î¨Ï¥Î¤â¥UÄY®æ¨Ó»¡¨Ã¤£¯àºâ¬O¯Â + ¤å¦rÀÉ ; ¥¦Ì¥]§t¤F¤@¨Ç¦L¥X©³½u¥H¤Î«ÂЦC¦Lªº±±¨î½X¥H«K¯àª½±µ¥ÑÂI¯x°} + ¦¡¦Lªí¾÷¿é¥X¡C¦pªG±z·Q§â¥¦ÌÂন¤@¯ëªº¤å¦rÀɪº¸Ü, ¥i¥H§Q¥Î col : + + <verb> + $ col -b < inputfile > outputfile + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú·Q¦¨¬° FreeBSD ªº mirror ¯¸»O !</heading> + + <p>·íµM¥i¥H ! ¦³«Ü¦h¤èªk¥i¥H mirror §Ú̪ººô¶¡C + + <itemize> + <item>§Q¥Î CVSUP : ±z¥i¥H§Q¥Î CVSUP ±q cvsup.freebsd.org ¨ú±o®æ¦¡¤Æ + ¹LªºÀɮסC±z¥u»Ýn§â¤U±³o¦æ¥[¤J±zªº cvsup ³]©wÀÉ : + +<verb> +www release=current hostname=/home base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup +prefix=/usr/local/www/data/www.freebsd.org delete old use-rel-suffix + +</verb> + + <item>§Q¥Î rsync : ½Ð°Ñ¾\ + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/internal/mirror.html" + name="the mirroring page"> ¥HÀò±o§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C + + <item>§Q¥Î ftp mirror : ±z¥i¥H§Q¥Î±z³ßÅwªº ftp mirror ¤u¨ã±q FTP ¯¸ + »O¤¤¨ú±oºô¶¸ê®Æ¡C´N±q + ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/www ¶}©l§a¡C + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú·Qn½Ķ¤å¥ó</heading> + + <p>¶â, §Ų́S¯à¤Oµ¹±zÁ~¤ô, ¤£¹L¦pªG±z¯à´£¨Ñ½Ķ¦nªº¤å¥óªº¸Ü, §ÚÌ·|°e + ±z CD ©Î¬O T-shirt , ¨Ã§â±z¥[¤J¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¸Ì Contributor ªº¦æ¦C¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¨ä¥L¸ê°T¨Ó·½</heading> + + <p>¤U¦C newsgroups ¤¤¥]¬A¤F FreeBSD ¬ÛÃöªº°Q½× : + + <itemize> + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce"> (moderated) + + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> + + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.misc" name="comp.unix.bsd.misc"> + </itemize> + + <p>ºô¶¸ê·½ : + + <itemize> + <item>The <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/" name="FreeBSD Home Page">. + + <item><label id="pao">¦pªG±z¦³½¥¤W«¬¹q¸£ (laptop) ªº¸Ü, §O§Ñ¤F¥h¬Ý¬Ý + ¦ì©ó¤é¥»ªº + <url url="http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/PAO/" + name="Tatsumi Hosokawa's Mobile Computing page"> ¡C + + <item><label id="smp">SMP (¥¦æ¦h³B²z¾¹¬[ºc) ªº¬ÛÃö¸ê°T½Ð¬Ý + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html" + name="SMP support page"> ¡C + + <item><label id="multimedia">¦³Ãö FreeBSD ¦h´CÅé¤è±ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡, ½Ð¬Ý + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~faulkner/multimedia/mm.html" + name="multimedia"> ¡C¦pªG±z¹ï Bt848 ³oÓ¼v¹³Â^¨ú´¹¤ù¯S§O¦³¿³½ìªº¸Ü, + ½Ð¬Ý<url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~ahasty/Bt848.html" + name="³oÓºô¶"> ¡C + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤]¦³¤@¤À«Ü§¹¾ãªº + <url url="../handbook/bibliography.html" name="°Ñ¦Ò®ÑÄy¦Cªí">, ¦pªG±z + ¥¿·Q¶R®Ñªº¸Ü, ³o³¡¥÷ȱo¤@¬Ý¡C + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d5f0af4d7c --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ +<!-- $Id: serial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.2 --> + + <sect> + <heading>Serial ³q°T<label id="serial"></heading> + + <p>³o¤@³¹¥Dn¬O¦b°Q½× FreeBSD ¤W¦³Ãö serial ³q°Tªº°ÝÃD¡C¦³Ãö PPP ¥H¤Î + SLIP ªº°ÝÃD¬O©ñ¦b <ref id="networking" name="ºô¸ô"> ³o¤@¸`¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç»òª¾¹D FreeBSD ¬O¤£¬O¦³§ì¨ì§Úªº serial port ?</heading> + + <p>·í FreeBSD ¶}¾÷ªº®ÉÔ, ¥¦·|®Ú¾Ú±z¦b kernel ¤¤ªº³]©w¨Ó°»´ú±zªº + serial port¡C±z¥i¥H¦b³o¨Ç°T®§¥X²{ªº®ÉÔÀˬd, ¤]¥i¥H¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷¤§«á¥Î + ¤U±ªº«ü¥O¨ÓÆ[¹î : + + <verb> + dmesg | grep sio + </verb> + + <p>³o¸Ì¦³¤@¨Ç¿é¥Xªº½d¨Ò : + + <verb> + sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa + sio0: type 16550A + sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa + sio1: type 16550A + </verb> + + <p>³o¥Nªí±z¦³¨âÓ serial port¡C²Ä¤@Ó port ¦û¥Î irq 4, port address ¬O + <tt/0x3f8/ , ¦Ó¥B¥Îªº¬O 16550A «¬ªº UART ´¹¤ù¡C²Ä¤GÓ port ¥Îªº¬O¦P + «¬ªº´¹¤ù, ¤£¹L¥¦¦û¥Îªº¬O irq 3 , ¥¦ªº port address ¦b <tt/0x2f8/ ¡C + ¤º±µ¦¡ modem ¥d·|³Q¿ëÃѦ¨¬O serial port -- °ß¤@ªº®t§O´N¬O¸Ó port ¤W + Á`¬O±µ¤W modem ¦Ó¤w¡C + + <p><tt/GENERIC/ kernel ¤ä´©¨âÓ serial port , ¥¦Ìªº³]©wÈ´N¦p¦P¤W±ªº + ½d¨Ò¤@¼Ë¡C¦pªG±z¨t²Î¤Wªº³]©w¤£¤@¼Ë, ©ÎªÌ±z¥t¥~±µ¤F¤º±µ¦¡ modem ¥d, + ©Î¬O±z¨t²Îªº¹ê»Ú serial port ¼Æ¤ñ±z¦b kernel ³]©w¤¤ªºÁÙn¦hªº¸Ü, ±z + ¥un«·s«Ø¥ß kernel ´N¦n¤F¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý <ref id="make-kernel" + name="¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß kernel"> ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç»òª¾¹D FreeBSD ¬O¤£¬O¦³§ì¨ì§Úªº modem ¥d ?</heading> + + <p>½Ð¬Ý¤W¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¤É¯Å¨ì 2.0.5 ¥H«á§Úªº <tt/tty0X/ ©~µM¤£¨£¤F !</heading> + + <p>¤£nºò±i, ¥¦Ì¤w¸g³Q¨Ö¨ì <tt/ttydX/ ¸Ë¸m¤U¥h¤F¡C¤£¹L±zÁÙ¬O±o¨ì¦Û¤v + ×§ï³]©wÀɤ~¯àÅý¥¦Ì¥¿±`¤u§@¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD ¤U¦s¨ú seral ports ?</heading> + + <p>²Ä¤TÓ serial port, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio2"> (´N¬O DOS + ¤Uªº COM3) , ¥H dial-out ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¬Ý¬O¦ì©ó <tt>/dev/cuaa2</tt> , ¦Ó¥H + dial-in ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¬Ý«h¬O¦ì©ó <tt>/dev/ttyd2</tt> ¡C³o¨âӸ˸m¦³¤°»ò¤£¦P + ©O ? + + <p>±z¦b dial-in ®É¨Ï¥Îªº¬O <tt/ttydX/ ¡C·í±z¥Î block ¼Ò¦¡¶}±Ò + <tt>/dev/ttydX</tt> ®É, ·|¦³¤@°¦ process ¦b¹ïÀ³ªº <tt/cuaaX/ ¤Wµ¥¥¦ + Åܦ¨ inactive , µM«á¤@ª½µ¥¨ì carrier detect line Åܦ¨ active ¬°¤î¡C + ·í±z¶}±Ò <tt/cuaaX/ ¸Ë¸m®É, ¥¦·|¥h½T©w¥Ø«e <tt/ttydX/ ¸Ë¸m¬O¤£¬O¥¿ + ¦b¨Ï¥Î serial port¡C¦pªG¥¦¥i¥H¥Îªº¸Ü, ¥¦´N·|§â serial port ±q + <tt/ttydX/ ¸Ë¸m¤â¤¤·m¹L¨Ó¡C¦P¼Ëªº, <tt/cuaXX/ ¸Ë¸m¤£·|¥hºÞ carrier + detect¡C¦³¤F³o¼Ëªº³]p, ¦A¥[¤W¤@¥x·|¦Û°Ê¦^À³ªº modem, ±z´N¥i¥H¥O¦P + ¤@¥x modem ¥i¥H³Q»·ºÝ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ®³¨Óµn¤J, ±z¦Û¤v¤]¥i¥H®³¨Ó dialout, ¨t²Î + ·|¦Û°ÊÀˬd¬O§_¦³½Ä¬ðªº²{¶H¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún¦p¦ó±Ò°Ê¹ï serial ¦h°ð¥dªº¤ä´© ?</heading> + + <p>¦P¼Ëªº, ¦b kernel ³]©w¨º¤@¸`¦³´£¨ì¦³Ãö³]©w kernel ªº¸ê°T¡Cn³]©w¤@ + ±i serial ¦h°ð¥d, ±z¥²»Ý¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¬°¨C¤@Ó serial port + ³£³]¤@¦æ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" + name="sio"> ªº³]©w¡C¦ý¬O±z¥u¯à¦b¥¦Ì¤§¤¤¿ï¤@Ó¨Ó³]©w irq ¥H¤Î + vector ¡C¥d¤Wªº©Ò¦³ port ·|¦@¨É¦P¤@Ó irq ¡C¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡§Ú̳£§â¥¦³]¦b³Ì + «á¤@Ó serial port ¤W¡C¤£n§Ñ¤F«ü©w <tt/COM_MULTIPORT/ ³oÓ + option ¡C + + <p>¤U±¬O¤@Ó§â AST 4-port ¥d ³]¦b irq 7 ªº¨Ò¤l : + + <verb> + options "COM_MULTIPORT" + device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781 + device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781 + device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781 + device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr + </verb> + + <p>³o¸Ìªº flags ³]©w¬O«ü master port ªº minor number ¬O 7 + (<tt/0x700/), ¦b°»´ú®É°µÀˬd (<tt/0x080/), ¥H¤Î©Ò¦³ªº port ¦@¨É¤@Ó + irq (<tt/0x001/) ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¥i¥H±±¨î¦h±i serial ¦h°ð¥d¨Ï¥Î¦P¤@Ó irq ¶Ü ?</heading> + + <p>ÁÙ¨S¤ä´©¡C±z¥²»Ý¬°¨C±i¥d³]©w¤£¦Pªº irq ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¥i¥H¬° port ³]©w¹w³]°Ñ¼Æ¶Ü ?</heading> + + <p>³q±`±z·|·Q¬°±zªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¶}±Ò <tt/ttydX/ (©Î¬O <tt/cuaaX/) ¸Ë¸m¡C·í + ¤@Ó process ¶}±Ò¸Ë¸m¥H«á, ¥¦·|¦³¤@²Õ¹w³]ªº²×ºÝ¾÷ I/O ³]©w¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î + ¤U±³oÓ«ü¥O¨ÓÆ[¹î³o¨Ç³]©w + + <verb> + stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1 + </verb> + + <p>·í±z§ïÅܤF¬YӸ˸mªº³]©w«á, ³o¨Ç³]©w·|¤@ª½§@¥Î, ª½¨ì³oӸ˸m³QÃö³¬ + ¤F¬°¤î¡C·í¥¦³Q«¶}±Ò«á, ¤S¦^¨ìì¥ýªº¹w³]ȤF¡C¦pªG·Qn§ïÅܹw³]È, ±z + ¥i¥H¶}±Ò¨Ã×§ï ``ªì©lª¬ºA'' ¸Ë¸mªº³]©w¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡, ¦pªG±z·Q§ïÅÜ ttyd5 + ªº¹w³]È, §â <tt/CLOCAL/ ¼Ò¦¡¥´¶}, 8 bits, ¨Ã¥B¨Ï¥Î + <tt>XON/XOFF</tt> ¬y¶q±±¨î, ±z¥i¥H³o¼Ë°µ : + + <verb> + stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff + </verb> + + <p>±z¥i¥H¦b <tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> ¸Ì°µ³o¼Ëªº³]©w¡C²{¦b¨C¤@Ó¶}±Ò + <tt/ttyd5/ ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£·|¹w³]¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç³]©w¤F¡C±z¨ÌµM¥i¥H¥Î¦P¼Ëªº¤èªk + ¥h§ïÅܳo¨Ç³]©w¡C + + <p>±z¤]¥i¥HÂǥѳ]©w ``Âê©wª¬ºA'' ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¨¾¤î¨ä¥LÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¥h§ó°Ê³o¨Ç³]©w + ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡, ·Qn§â <tt/ttyd5/ ªº³t«×Âê©w¦b 57600 bps, ±zn³o¼Ë°µ + + <verb> + stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600 + </verb> + + <p>³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó, ¨C¤@Ó¶}±Ò <tt/ttyd5/ ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£¥u¯à¨Ï¥Î 57600 bps ªº³t + «×¤F¡C + + <p>·íµM, ±z¥²»Ý½T©w±zªºªì©lª¬ºA¥H¤ÎÂê©wª¬ºAªº¸Ë¸m¥u¯à³Q <tt/root/ ¼g¤J + ¡C<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV" + name="MAKEDEV"> ³oÓ script ¨Ã <bf/¤£·|/ ¦b«Ø¥ß³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m®É¦Û°ÊÀ°±z³] + ©w¦n¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç¼Ë¤~¯àÅý modem ±µ¨ü dialup µn¤J©O ?</heading> + + <p>±z¬O¤£¬O·Q·í ISP ? º¥ý, ±zn¦³¤@³¡¥H¤W¥i¥H¦Û°Ê±µÅ¥ªº modem¡C±zªº + modem ¥²¶·n¦³ carrier-detect ªº¥\¯à¡C¥¦¤]n¯à°÷¦b data terminal + ready (<tt/DTR/) ¥Ñ¶}ÂରÃö®É«·s³]©w¦Û¤v¡C¥¦©Î³\¤]n¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î + <tt>RTS/CTS</tt> ¬y¶q±±¨î©Î¬O¤£°µ¥ô¦ó¬y¶q±±¨î¡C³Ì«á, ¥¦¥²¶·¯à°÷¦b¹q + ¸£©M¥¦¦Û¤vªº¶Ç¿é¤¤¨Ï¥Î©w³t, ¦ý¬O¦b¥¦©M»·ºÝ modem ªº³s½u¤è±«hn¦³¨ó + °Ó¶Ç¿é³t«×ªº¯à¤O¡C + + <p>¹ï Hayes «ü¥O¶°¬Û®e modem ¨Ó»¡, ¤U±ªº«ü¥O·|§â¤W¤@¬q©ÒÁ¿ªº¥þ³¡³]¦n + ¨Ã¦s¦b«D´§µo©Ê°O¾ÐÅ餤 : + + <verb> + AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W + </verb> + + <p>¬Ý¬Ý¤U±ªº <ref id="direct-at" name="¶Ç°e AT «ü¥O¶°"> ³o¤@¸`¥i¥H±o + §ó¦h¦³Ãö¦p¦ó¤£§Q¥Î MS-DOS ²×ºÝµ{¦¡¨Ó°µ³o¨Ç³]©wªº¸ê®Æ¡C + + <p>±µ¤U¨Ó, ¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> ¬°±zªº modem °µ³]©w¡C¦C¦b³oÓÀɮפ¤ªº¬O©Ò¦³¨t²Î·| + «Ý login ªº ports ¡C¹³¤U±³o¼Ë¥[¤J¤@¦æ : + + <verb> + ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure + </verb> + + <p>³o¤@¦æ«ü¥O²Ä¤GÓ serial port (<tt>/dev/ttyd1</tt>) ¬O¤@Ó¥H 57600 + bps ³t«×¦b¶Ç¿éªº modem, ¨Ã¥B¤£°µ¦P¦ìÀˬd (<tt/std.57600/ ¬O¦b + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab" + name="/etc/gettytab"> Àɸ̫ü©wªº) ¡C³oÓ port ªº²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¬O + ``dialup'' ¡C³oÓ port ³]¦¨ ``on'' ¦Ó¥B¬O ``insecure'' ªº --- ·N«ä¬O + root ¤£¯à±q³o¸Ì³s½u¶i¨Ó¡C±z¥²»Ý¬°¨CÓ dialin port ³£°µÃþ¦ü + <tt/ttydX/ ªº³]©w¡C + + <p>³q±`§ÚÌ·|¥Î ``dialup'' ¨Ó°µ¬°²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¡C¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌµn¤J®Éªº±Ò©l«¬ + ºA¬O dialup ªº¸Ü, «Ü¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£·|¦b¥L̪º .profile ©Î¬O .login Àɤ¤³] + ©w¥L̯u¥¿ªº²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¡C¤W±ªº¨Ò¤l¤¤§ÚÌÁ|ªº¬O insecure ªº¨Ò¤l¡C¦pªG + ±z·Qn¦b³oÓ port Åܦ¨ root ªº¸Ü, ±z¥²¶·¥Î¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¨¥÷µn¤J, µM«á + ``<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?su" name="su">'' + ¦¨ <tt/root/ ¡C¦pªG±z¥Îªº¬O ``secure'' ªº¸Ü, «h <tt/root/ ¥i¥Hª½±µµn + ¤J¡C + + <p>¦b¹ï <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> °µ¹Lק蠟«á, ±z¥²¶·°e¤@Ó hangup ©Î¬O <tt/HUP/ + ªº signal µ¹ <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?init" + name="init"> process : + + <verb> + kill -HUP 1 + </verb> + + <p>³o¼Ë·|±j¢ init process ¥h«Åª <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> ¡C + µM«á init process ´N·|¦b©Ò¦³ªº ``on'' port ¤W«·s±Ò°Ê getty + process ¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¨ÓÀˬd±zªº port ¬O¤£¬O¥i¥H login ¤F + + <verb> + ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1' + </verb> + + <p>±z·|¨£¨ìÃþ¦ü³o¼Ëªºµ²ªG : + + <verb> + 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç»ò§â dumb terminal ³s¤W FreeBSD ?</heading> + + <p>¦pªG±zn§â§Oªº¹q¸£·í¦¨¬O FreeBSD ªº²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ü, ±z¥u»Ýn¦b¨âªÌªº + serial port ¤§¶¡²o¤@±ø null modem ±Æ½u§Y¥i¡C¦pªG±z¦³¤@Ó¯uªº²×ºÝ¾÷ + ªº¸Ü, ¬Ý¬Ý¥¦ªº«ü¥O¶°§a¡C + + <p>µM«á, ¹³¤W¤@Ó°ÝÃD¤@¼Ë×§ï + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡, ¦pªG±z§â¤@Ó WYSE-50 ²×ºÝ¾÷±µ¦b²Ä¤Ó + serial port ¤Wªº¸Ü, ´Nn¥Î³o¼Ëªº³]©w : + + <verb> + ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure + </verb> + + <p>³oÓ¨Ò¤l¥Ü½dªº¬O <tt>/dev/ttyd4</tt> ©Ò¥Nªíªº port ¥Îªº¬O wyse50 ²× + ºÝ¾÷, ³s½u³t«× 38400 bps, ¤£¨Ï¥Î¦P¦ìÀˬd (<tt/std.38400/ ¬O±q + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab" + name="/etc/gettytab"> ³]©wªº) ¦Ó¥B <tt/root/ ¥i¥H login (secure) ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à°õ¦æ <tt/tip/ ¤Î <tt/cu/ ©O ?</heading> + + <p>¦b±zªº¨t²Î¤¤, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" + name="tip"> ©M <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" + name="cu"> «Ü¥i¯à¥u¯à¥Ñ <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uucp" name="uucp"> ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©M + <tt/dialer/ ¸s²Õ¤~¯à°õ¦æ¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î <tt/dialer/ ¸s²Õ¨Ó±±¨î¨ì©³¦³½Ö¥i + ¥H¦s¨ú±zªº modem ¥H¤Î»·ºÝ¨t²Î¡C±z¥un§â±z¦Û¤v¥[¨ì dialer ¸s²Õ¤¤´N¥i + ¥H¤F¡C + + <p>¥t¥~¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O, ±z¥i¥HÅý±z¨t²Î¤W©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¥i¥H°õ¦æ <tt/tip/ ©M + <tt/cu/ , ¥un±z + + <verb> + # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu + # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ¤£¤ä´©§Úªº stock Hayes modem --- §Ún«ç»ò¿ì ?</heading> + + <p>¨Æ¹ê¤W, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" + name="tip"> ªº man page ¤w¸g¹L®É¤F¡C¤@¯ëªº Hayes dialer ¤w¸g¤º«Ø¦b¨t + ²Î¤º¡C±z¥un¦b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> + «ü©w ``<tt/at=hayes/'' ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C + + <p>¥i±¤ªº¬O, Hayes ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£°÷Áo©ú, ¦³¨Ç·s modem ¤Wªº¶i¶¥¥\¯à¥¦µLªk + ¿ëÃÑ¥X¨Ó --- ¨Ò¦p <tt/BUSY/ , <tt/NO DIALTONE/ , ©Î¬O + <tt/CONNECT 115200/ ³oÃþªº°T®§¥¦´N·|·d²V¡C±z¦b¨Ï¥Î <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> ªº®ÉÔ¥²¶· + §â¥¦ÌÃö±¼ (¥Î <tt/ATX0&W/) ¡C + + <p>ÁÙ¦³, <tt/tip/ ªº dial ¹O®É®É¶¡¬O 60 ¬í¡C±zªº modem ¥i¯àn³]±o§óµu, + §_«h tip ·|»{¬°µo¥Í¤F³q°T¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡C¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý<tt/ATS7=45&W/ ¡C + + <p>¨Æ¹ê¤W <tt/tip/ ÁÙ¨S¦³§¹¥þ¤ä´©¥¦¡C¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¬O¥h×§ï + <tt>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº <tt/tipconf.h/ ¡C«ÜÅãµM±z + ¥²¶·n¦³ì©lµ{¦¡½X¤~¯à³o»ò°µ¡C + + <p>§â ``<tt/#define HAYES 0/'' §ï¦¨ ``<tt/#define HAYES 1/'' ¡CµM«á + ``<tt/make/'' ¨Ã ``<tt/make install/'' ¡C¤§«á¤@¤Á³£·|«ì´_¥¿±`¤F¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú¤°»ò®ÉÔnª½±µÁä¤J AT «ü¥O ?<label id="direct-at"> + </heading> + + <p>¦b±zªº <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> Àɸ̥[¤@Ó ``<tt/direct/'' ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡, ¦pªG±zªº + modem ³s±µ¦b²Ä¤@Ó serial port, <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>, «h±zn¥[¤J¤U± + ³o¤@¦æ : + + <verb> + cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none + </verb> + + <p>¦b br Äæ¤¤³]©w±z modem ©Ò¤ä´©ªº³Ì°ª³t¡C¤§«á, Áä¤J <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip cuaa0"> ¤§«á + ±z´N³s¤W±zªº modem ¤F¡C + + <p>¦pªG±zªº¨t²Î¤W¨S¦³ <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt> , ±z´N¥ý³o¼Ë : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV cuaa0 + </verb> + + <p>©Î¬O±z¥i¥H¥Î root °õ¦æ cu «ü¥O, ¹³³o¼Ë : + + <verb> + # cu -l``line'' -s``speed'' + </verb> + + <p>³o¸Ìªº line ¬O«ü±zªº serial port (¨Ò¦p <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>) , speed + ¬O«ü±zªº¶Ç¿é³t«× (¨Ò¦p <tt>57600</tt>) ¡C¦pªG±z¤U§¹ AT «ü¥O«á, Áä¤J + <tt>~.</tt> ¥i¥HÂ÷¶}¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>pn Äæ¤¤ªº <tt/@/ ¤£¯à¥Î¤F !</heading> + + <p>¹q¸Ü¸¹½XÄæ¤¤ªº <tt/@/ °O¸¹¬O¥Î¨Ó§i¶D tip ¥h <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones(5)" + name="/etc/phones"> §ä¹q¸Ü¸¹½X¡C¦ý¬O <tt/@/ ¦P®É¤]¬O <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> + ³oÃþÀɮפ¤ªº¯S®í¦r¤¸¡C±z¥i¥H¥[¤W¤Ï±×½u : + + <verb> + pn=\@ + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç»ò¦b©R¥O¦C¤U¼·¹q¸Ü©O ?</heading> + + <p>¦b±zªº <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> ©ñ¤@Ó ``<tt/generic/''¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡ : + + <verb> + tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + </verb> + + <p>µM«á±z´N¥i¥H¹³ ``<tt/tip -115200 5551234/'' ³o¼Ë¥Î¤F¡C¦pªG±z¤ñ¸û³ß + Åw¥Î <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" name="cu"> + ªº¸Ü, ¨Ï¥Î generic cu Äæ¦ì : + + <verb> + cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + </verb> + + <p>µM«á¿é¤J ``<tt/cu 5551234 -s 115200/'' ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú¨C¦¸¥Îªº®ÉÔ³£n¿é¤J bps ³t«×¶Ü ?</heading> + + <p>±z¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎÃþ¦ü <tt/tip1200/ ©Î¬O <tt/cu1200/ ªºÄæ¦ì, ¤£¹L¦b±z¨Ï¥Î¤§ + «e½Ð¥ý½T©w±zªº br Äæ¥i¥H¤ä´©³oÓ³t«×¡C<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> »{¬° 1200 + bps ¬O¤@ӫܦnªº¹w³]È, ³o¤]´N¬O¬°¤°»òn¥s°µ ``<tt/tip1200/'' ªºì¦] + ¤F¡C·íµM±z¤]¥i¥H¤£n¥Î 1200 bps ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>³z¹L¤@¥x terminal server ¨Ó¦s¨ú¥D¾÷¡C</heading> + + <p>°£¤F¨C¦¸µ¥±z³s¤W server ¨ÃÁä¤J ``<tt/CONNECT <host>/'' ¥H¥~, + ¤ñ¸û¦nªº¤èªk¬O¥Î tip ªº <tt/cm/ ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡, ¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> : + + <verb> + pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ + :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: + muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ + :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: + deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ + :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234: + </verb> + + <p>¥i¥HÅý±z¥u¥´ ``<tt/tip pain/'' ©Î¬O ``<tt/tip muffin/'' ´N¥i¥H³s¤W + pain ©Î muffin ; µM«á ``<tt/tip deep13/'' ¥i¥H³s¤W terminal server¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>tip ¥i¥H¦b¤@¦¸³s½u¤¤¿ï¾Ü¦h¥x¾÷¾¹¶Ü ?</heading> + + <p>³q±`³oÓ°ÝÃDµo¥Í¦b : ¤@¶¡¤j¾Ç¦³¤@¨Ç modem , ¦Ó¥B¦³¤W¤d¦W¾Ç¥Ín¥Î... + + <p>¦b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> ¸Ì¬°±zªº¤j¾Ç³]¤@ÓÄæ¦ì, ¨Ã¨Ï¥Î <tt>\@</tt> §@¬° + ¥¦ªº <tt/pn/ : + + <verb> + big-university:\ + :pn=\@:tc=dialout + dialout:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none: + </verb> + + <p>µM«á, §â¤j¾Çªº¼·±µ¹q¸Ü©ñ¦b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones" name="/etc/phones"> + ¤¤ : + + <verb> + big-university 5551111 + big-university 5551112 + big-university 5551113 + big-university 5551114 + </verb> + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> + ·|¨Ì·Óªí¦Cªº¶¶§Ç¨Ì¦¸À|¸Õ, ³Ì«á©ñ±ó¡C¦pªG±zn¤@ª½¸Õªº¸Ü, ±z¥i¥H¦b + while °j°é¸Ì°õ¦æ <tt/tip/ ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Ú«ö¨â¦¸ CTRL+P, ¥i¬O«o¥u°e¥X¤F¤@Ó CTRL+P ?</heading> + + <p>CTRL+P ¬O¤º©wªº ``force'' ¦r¤¸, ¥Î¨Ó§i¶D <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> ¤U¤@Ó¦r¤¸ + ¬O¤@¯ë¦r¤¸¡C±z¥i¥HÂÇ¥Ñ <tt/~s/ (¥Nªí ``³]©wÅܼÆ'') §â¨ä¥L¦r¤¸³]¦¨±j + ¢¦r¤¸¡C + + <p>Áä¤J ``<tt/~sforce=<single-char>/'' «á±±µ¤@Ó newline ¡C + <tt/<single-char>/ ¥i¥H¬O¥ô·N³æ¤@¦r¤¸¡C¦pªG±z¥u¥´ + <tt/<single-char>/ , «h nul ´N³Q³]¦¨¬O force character, ±z¥i + ¥HÂǥѫö CTRL+2 ©Î¬O CTRL+SPACE ¨Ó«ö¥X nul ¡CSHIFT+CTRL+6 ¬O¤@Ó¤£ + ¿ùªº <tt/<single-char>/ , §Ú¬Ý¹L¤@¨Ç²×ºÝ¾÷³£¬O³o»ò³]©w¡C + + <p>±z¤]¥i¥H¦b <tt>$HOME/.tiprc</tt> ¤¤³]©w force character : + + <verb> + force=<single-char> + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>¬ðµM¶¡§Ú¥´ªºªF¦è³£Åܦ¨¤j¼g¤F ??</heading> + + <p>±zÀ³¸Ó¬O«ö¨ì¤F CTRL+A, ¦b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> ¤¤¬°¨S¦³ + caps-lock Á䪺¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Ò³]pªº ``raise character''¡C±z¥i¥H¹³¤WÓ°ÝÃD + ¤@¼Ë§Q¥Î <tt/~s/ ¨Ó§â ``raisechar'' ³oÓÅܼƧ令¦X²zªºÈ¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W, + ¦pªG±z»{¬°±z¥Ã»·³£¤£·|¥Î¨ì³o¨âÓ¥\¯àªº¸Ü, ±z¥i¥H§â¥¦³]¦¨¸ò force + character ¤@¼Ë¡C + + <p>¤U±¬O¤@Ó¬° Emacs ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Ò³]©wªº .tiprc , Emacs ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±`±`·|¥Î¨ì + CTRL+2 ©M CTRL+A : + + <verb> + force=^^ + raisechar=^^ + </verb> + + <p>^^ ´N¬O SHIFT+CTRL+6 ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î <tt/tip/ ¨Ó¶ÇÀɮשO ?</heading> + + <p>¦pªG±zªº¹ï¹³¤]¬O UNIX ¨t²Îªº¸Ü, ±z¥i¥H¥Î <tt/~p/ (put) ©M <tt/~t/ + (take) ¨Ó¦¬°e¸ê®Æ¡C³o¨âÓ©R¥O·|¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹°õ¦æ <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cat" name="cat"> ©M <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?echo" name="echo"> ¨Ó¦¬°eÀÉ + ®×¡C¥Îªk¬O : + + <verb> + ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] + ~t <remote-file> [<local-file>] + </verb> + + <p>¥¦¤£·|°µ¿ù»~Àˬd, ©Ò¥H±z³Ì¦n¥Î§Oªº³q°T¨ó©w, ¨Ò¦p zmodem ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç»ò¥Î <tt/tip/ ¨Ó¶] zmodem ©O ?</heading> + + <p>º¥ý, ±q ports ¤¤¿ï¤@Ó zmodem µ{¦¡¨Ó¦w ¸Ë (¨Ò¦p¦b comms ¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^lrzsz" + name="lrzsz"> ©Î¬O <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^rzsz" name="rzsz"> ) ¡C + + <p>¦b±µ¦¬Àɮפè±, ±zn¥ý¦b»·ºÝ±Ò°Ê¶Ç°eµ{¦¡¡CµM«á«ö enter ¦AÁä¤J + ``<tt/~C rz/'' (¦pªG±z¦w¸Ë lrzsz ªº¸Ü´Nn¥´ ``<tt/~C lrz/'') ´N¥i¥H + ¶}©l±µ¦¬¤F¡C + + <p>¦b¶Ç°eÀɮפè±, ±zn¥ý¦b»·ºÝ±Ò°Ê¶Ç°eµ{¦¡¡CµM«á«ö enter ¦AÁä¤J + ``<tt/~C sz <files>/'' (©Î¬O ``<tt/~C lsz <files>/'') ´N + ¥i¥H§âÀÉ®×°e¨ì»·ºÝ¨t²Î¤F¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>´Nºâ§Ú³]©wµL»~, FreeBSD ¦n¹³ÁÙ¬O§ä¤£¨ì§Úªº serial port ?</heading> + + <p>¦pªG±zªº¥D¾÷ªO©Î¬O¥d¤W¦³¥Î¨ì Acer ªº UART ´¹¤ùªº¸Ü, FreeBSD ¦b¶}¾÷®É + ªº sio °»´ú¥i¯à·|¤£¥¿½T¡C±z¥i¥H±q <url + url="http://www.lemis.com/serial-port-patch.html" name="www.lemis.com"> + §ä¨ì patch ¨Ó×¥¿³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48e3bbc14b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,446 @@ +<!-- $Id: troubleshoot.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by corona@tale.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.9 --> + + <sect> + <heading>±`¨£°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M<label id="troubleshoot"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>§ÚªºµwºÐ¦³Ãay!<label id="awre"></heading> + + <p>Y¬O SCSI µwºÐªº¸Ü¡AÀ³¸Ó¦³¯à¤O¦Û°Ê§@ re-mapping ªº°Ê§@¡C + µM¦Ó¡A¦]¬°¤@¨Ç¯«¯µªº¦]¯À¡A¦b¥X¼t®É¡A«Ü¦hµwºÐªº³o¶µ¥\¯à¬OÃö³¬ªº. + <p>n±N¨ä«·s¶}±Ò¡A±z»Ýn½s¿è¸Ë¸mªº²Ä¤@Ó page ¼Ò¦¡ + ¡]first device page mode¡^¡A¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥i¥H¥Î¤U±ªº«ü¥O¿ì¨ì + ¡]¥H root ¨¤À°õ¦æ¡^ + + <verb> + scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3 + </verb> + + <p>µM«á±N AWRE ©M ARRE ªº¼ÆÈ±q 0 Åܦ¨ 1:- + + <verb> + AWRE (Auto Write Reallocation Enbld): 1 + ARRE (Auto Read Reallocation Enbld): 1 + </verb> + + <p>¤W±³o¬q¬O¥Ñ + <url url="mailto:tedm@toybox.placo.com" name="Ted Mittelstaedt">©Ò´£¨Ñ: + + <p>Y¬° IDE µwºÐ¡A¥ô¦óªºÃay³q±`³£¬O³Â·Ðªº¹w¥ü¡C¥Ø«e©Ò¦³¸û·sªº IDE µw + ºÐ¡A¤º³¡³£¦³¦Û°Ê remapping Ãayªº¯à¤O¡C¥Ø«e©Ò¦³ IDE µwºÐ»s³y°Ó¡A³£´£¨Ñ + ¤F§ó¤[ªº«OÃÒ¡A¦Ó¥B·|À°±z§ó´«¥X²{ÃayªºµwºÐ¡C + + <p>¦pªG±z¤´·Qn×´_²£¥ÍÃayªº IDE µwºÐ¡A±z¤´¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ¥h¤U¸ü IDE µwºÐ»s³y + °Ó©Ò´£¨ÑªºÀË´úµ{¦¡¡A¨Ã¥Î¥¦¨ÓÀˬd±zªºµwºÐ¡C¦³®É³o¨Ç³nÅé¥i¥H±j¢µwºÐ¹q¸ô + «·sÀˬdµwºÐªºÃay¡A¨Ã±N¥¦Ì¼Ð¥Ü¥X¨Ó. + + <p>¹ï ESDI¡ARLL ¤Î MFM ªºµwºÐ¨Ó»¡¡A³q±`Ãay¬O¥¿±`²{¶H¡A¤]¤£¬O¤°»ò³Â·Ðªº + «e¥ü¡C¦b PC ¤W¡AºÏºÐ±±¨î¥d©M BIOS t³d¼Ð¥ÜÃayªº¥ô°È¡C³o¹ï¤@¨Ç¨Ï¥Î BIOS + ¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐªº§@·~Àô¹Ò(¦p DOS)¬O¨S¦³°ÝÃDªº¡CµM¦Ó¡AFreeBSD ªººÏºÐÅX°Êµ{¦¡ + ¨Ã¤£¸g¹L BIOS ¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐ¡A©Ò¥H¡A¦³Ó bad144 ªº¾÷¨î¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N³o¶µ¥\¯à¡C 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Window ®É¿Ã¹õÅܶ¡A©Î¬O·|¦³©_©Çªº°ÝÃD + µo¥Í¡C±z¥i¥H¨ì <url url="http://www.xfree86.org" name="XFree86 ªººô¯¸"> + §ä¨ì new beta release ³oÓ³sµ²(link)¡A¨Ó¨ú±o X-server ªº beta ª©¡A¥¦ªº + ¬Û®e±¡§ÎÀ³¸Ó´N¤ñ¸û¦n¤F¡C±z»Ýn¨ú±o¤U¦C³o¨ÇÀɮסG + + <p><tt>AccelCards¡ABetaReport¡ACards¡ADevices¡AFILES¡AREADME.ati¡A + README.FreeBSD¡AREADME.Mach64¡ARELNOTES¡AVGADriver.Doc¡A + X312BMa64.tgz</tt> + + <p>¥H³o¨ÇÀɮרú¥N±z즳ªºÂÂÀɮסAµM«á¤Á°O¦A¶] <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xf86config" + name="xf86config"> ¤@¹M¡C + + <sect1> + <heading> + §Ú¦³ 128 MB ªº RAM¡A¦ý¬O¨t²Î¥u¥Î¨ä¤¤ªº 64MB + <label id="reallybigram"> + </heading> + + <p>¦]¬° FreeBSD ¬O¨Ï¥Î©I¥s BIOS ¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤pªº¤èªk¡A¦]¦¹¥¦¥u¯à + °»´ú¨ì 16 bits ¦ì¤¸ªø«×ªº KByte ¤j¤p (65535 KBytes = 64MB) + (©ÎªÌ§ó¤Ö..¡C¦³¨Ç BIOS ±N³Ì°ª°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°¥u¦³ 16MB) + ¦pªG±z¾Ö¦³ 64MB ¥H¤Wªº RAM¡AFreeBSD ·|¹Á¸Õ¥h°»´ú¥X¥¦¡A¦ý¬O¦³¥i¯à + ·|¥¢±Ñ¡C + + <p>n¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A±z»Ýn¨Ï¥Î¤U±©Ò´£ªº kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¡C + ÁöµM¦³¤èªk¥i¥H±q BIOS ¤¤¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅ骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T¡A¦ý¬O¥Ø«e§Ú̦b + bootblock ¤¤¨Ã¨S¦³¦h¾lªºªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ³o¥ó¨Æ¡C·í¬Y¤Ñ bootblock ªÅ¶¡ + ¤£¨¬ªº±¡§ÎÀò±o¸Ñ¨M®É¡A§Ú̱N·|¨Ï¥Î BIOS ªº©µ¦ù¥\¯à¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾Ð + Å骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T...¦ý²{¦b§Ú̱N¥¦©ñ¦b kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¤¤¡C + + <tt> + options "MAXMEM=<n>" + </tt> + + <p><tt/n/ ¬O«ü±zªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¡A¥H KB ¬°³æ¦ì¡C¥H¤@¥x¦³ 128MB RAM ªº + ¾÷¾¹¨Ó»¡¡A±z¥i¨Ï¥Î <tt/131072/ ³oӼƦr¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD 2.0 ¦]¬° ``kmem_map too small!'' ¦Óµo¥Í panic¡I</heading> + + <p><tt /ª`·N/ ³oÓ°T®§¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O ``mb_map too small!'' + + <p>³oÓ panic ¬Oªí¥Ü¨t²Î¥Î¥ú¤Fµ¹ºô¸ô½w½Ä°Ïªº©Ò¦³ªºµêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé (¯S + §O¬O mbuf clusters)¡C±z¥i¥H¼W¥[µ¹ mbuf clusters ªº VM ªº¼Æ¶q¡A + ¥un¥[¤J: + + <p><tt>options "NMBCLUSTERS=<n>"</tt> + + <p>¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¡A<n> ¬O¤@Ó¦b 512-4096 ¶¡ªº¼Æ¦r¡A + ¨Ì±z·Q´£¨Ñ¦h¤Ö¦P®Éªº TCP ³s±µ¼Æ¥Ø¦h¹è¦Ó©w¡C§Ú·|«ØÄ³¸Õ¸Õ 2048 - + ³o¼Æ¦rÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H§¹¥þÁ×§K³oÓ panic ¤F¡C±z¥i¥H°õ¦æ: + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" + name="netstat -m"> ¨ÓºÊ¬Ý¦³¦h¤Ö mbuf clusters + ¦b¨t²Î¤W¥¿³Q °t¸m/¨Ï¥Î¡CNMBCLUSTERS ªº¼ÆÈ¤º©w¬° + <tt/512 + MAXUSERS * 16/¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¥Î·s kernel ¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ ``CMAP busy panic'' ³oÓ¿ù»~°T®§</heading> + + <p>¥Î¨Ó°»´ú¹L´Á <tt>/var/db/kvm_*.db</tt> Àɮתº¾÷¨î°¸º¸·|"¥XÂñ" + ¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¤@Ó§t¤£¥¿½T¸ê®ÆªºÀɮצ³®É´N·|¾ÉP panic¡C + + <p>¦pªGµo¥Í¤F³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A½Ð«·s¶}¾÷¡A¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á°õ¦æ: + + <verb> + rm /var/db/kvm_*.db + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>ahc0: brkadrint¡A Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0</heading> + + <p>³o¬O¤@Ó©M Ultrastor SCSI ±±¨î¥d¦³Ãöªº½Ä¬ð + + <p>¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A¶i¤J kernel ³]©w¿ï³æ + ¨ú®ø <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uha(4)" + name="uha0">¡A¥¦¬O³y¦¨³oÓ°ÝÃDªºì¦] + + <sect1> + <heading>Sendmail ¤@ª½©ê«è ``mail loops back to myself''</heading> + + <p>³oÓ°ÝÃD¦b sendmail ªº FAQ ¤¤¬O³o¼Ë¦^µªªº:- + <verb> + * §Ú¤@ª½¦¬¨ì¦³Ãö "Local configuration error" ªº«H¥ó¡A¨Ò¦p: + + 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself + 554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error + + §Ún¦p¦ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD? + + ±z§Q¥Î MX ³]©w¡AÅýn±H¨ì¬Y domain (¦p: domain.net) ªº«H¥ó¡A + ±H¨ì±z©Ò«ü©wªº¾÷¾¹ (¦b³oÓ¨Ò¤l¤¤¬° relay.domain.net)¡A¦ý¬O³o + ³¡¾÷¾¹¨Ã¥¼³Q³]©w±µ¨ü domain.net ªº«H¥ó¡C§â domain.net ¥[¨ì + /etc/sendmail.cw ¤¤ (¦pªG±z¦³¨Ï¥Î FEATURE(use_cw_file)) ©Î¬O + ¦b sendmail.cf ¤¤¥[¤J "Cw domain.net" + </verb> + + <p><url + url="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" + name="sendmail FAQ"> ²{¦b¤w¤£¦AÀHµÛ sendmail "¥X³f"¡C + ¥¦¥Ø«e¬O³Q©w´Áªºµoªí¦b: + <url url="news:comp.mail.sendmail" name="comp.mail.sendmail">¡A + <url url="news:comp.mail.misc" name="comp.mail.misc">¡A + <url url="news:comp.mail.smail" name="comp.mail.smail">¡A + <url url="news:comp.answers" name="comp.answers">¡A©M + <url url="news:news.answers" name="news.answers">¡C + ±z¤]¥i¥H±H¤@«Ê Email ¨ì + <url url="mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu" + name="mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu">¡AµM«á¦b«H¥ó¤º¤å¤¤¼g¤W + "send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" ³oÓ«ü¥O + ¥H¨ú±o³o¥÷¤å¥ó¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹(remote machine)°õ¦æ¥þ¿Ã¹õªº³nÅé®É¡A¦³¤£¥¿±`ªº±¡§Î¡I + </heading> + <p>©Î³\»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¨Ã«D±N±zªº²×ºÝ¾÷§ÎºA³]¬° FreeBSD console ©Ò¥Î + ªº <tt>cons25</tt>¡A¦Ó¬O³]¬°¨ä¥¦ºØÃþ¡C + <p>³o¨à¦³´XӸѨM³oÓ°ÝÃDªº¤èªk: + <itemize> + <item>¦b logging ¶i»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹«á¡A§ó§ï±zªº shell ÅÜ¼Æ TERM ¬° + <tt>ansi</tt> ©Î¬O <tt>sco</tt>¡C + <item>¦b local ºÝ¥Î¤@¨Ç¥i¥H¼ÒÀÀ VT100 ªº¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¡A¦p <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?screen-" name="screen">¡C + <tt>screen</tt> ´£¨Ñ±z¦b¤@Ó terminal ùئP®É¶]¦n´XÓ session + ªº¯à¤O¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¥»¨¤]¬O¤@Ó¬Û·í¦nªº³nÅé¡C + <item>¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¸ê®Æ®w(terminal database)¤¤¥[¤J + <tt>cons25</tt> ªº¸ê®Æ¡C + <item>±Ò°Ê X µM«á§Q¥Î <tt>xterm</tt> ¨Ó login ¶i»·ºÝªº¾÷¾¹¡C + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤@ª½Åã¥Ü "calcru: negative time..."</heading> + <p>¸ò¤¤Â_ ¡]interrupt¡^ ¦³Ãöªº¤£¦PµwÅé »P/©Î ³nÅ骺·f°t³£¦³¥i¯à³y¦¨ + ³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C³o¦³¥i¯à¬O bug ©Î¬O¬YӸ˸m¥»¨ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b¥¦æ°ð¤W¨Ï¥Î + ¤jªº MTU ¨Ó§@ TCP/IP ¶Ç¿é¥i¥H«²{³oÓ°ÝÃD¡CY¬O¹Ï§Î¥[³t¥d³y¦¨³oÓ + °ÝÃDªº¸Ü¡A±zÀ³¸Ó¥ýÀˬd¥dªº¤¤Â_³]©w¡C + + <p>³oÓ°ÝÃDªºÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³¬O·|³y¦¨¦³¨Ç process ¥X²{ + "SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit" ªº°T®§¡A¦Ó¤£¥¿±`¤¤Â_ + + <p>Yª©¥»¬O 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 29 ¤é¥H«áªº FreeBSD 3.0¡A¦pªG³oÓ + °ÝÃD¤@ª½µLªk¥H¨ä¥L¤èªk¸Ñ¨M¡A´N¥u¯à³]©w sysctl ÅܼơG +<verb> + sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1 +</verb> + <p> ³o¼Ë·|¹ï®Õ¯à¦³¨Ç¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬OY¦Ò¼{¨ì³oÓ°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«áªG¡A³o¼Ë°µ¬OÈ + ±oªº¡C¦pªG³oÓ°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A±N sysctl ¨ºÓȨ̵M³]¬° 1¡AµM«á + ¼W¥[ kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ "NTIMECOUNTER" ³oÓ¿ï¶µªº¼ÆÈ¡C¦pªG±z±N + "NTIMECOUNTER" ¼W¥[¨ì 20 ¨ÌµMµLªk¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò±z¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¤¤Â_ + ¤w¸g¦h¨ìµLªk«O«ùéwªºª¬ºA¤F¡C + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3a85ab97f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ +<!-- $Id: x.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.6 --> + + <sect> + <heading>X Window System ¤Î Virtual Consoles<label id="x"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ú·Qn°õ¦æ X , §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò°µ ?</heading> + + <p>³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¦b¦w¸Ë¨t²Îªº®ÉÔ¤@¨Ö¦w¸Ë¡C + + <p>µM«á¬Ý¬Ý <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xf86config" + name="xf86config ªº man page"> , ³oÓµ{¦¡¥i¥HÀ°§A³]©w XFree86(tm) ¨Ï¥¦ + ¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î§AªºÅã¥Ü¥d/·Æ¹« µ¥¶gÃä¡C + + <p>§A©Î³\¤]·Q¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý Xaccel server , ¥¦¥i¥H¥H«D±`¦X²z»ù®æ¨ú±o¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý + <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> ³o¤@¬q¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤£¯à¦b X ¸Ì¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹« ?<label id="x-and-moused"></heading> + + <p>¦pªG§A¥Îªº¬O syscons (¤º©wªº console ÅX°Êµ{¦¡) ªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ³]©w + FreeBSD ¨ÓÅý¥¦¤ä´©¦b¨CÓ virtual console ¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡C¬°¤FÁ×§K©M X ²£¥Í½Ä + ¬ð, syscons ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@Ó¥s°µ "<tt>/dev/sysmouse</tt>" ªºµêÀÀ¸Ë¸m¡C©Ò¦³·Æ + ¹«²£¥Íªº event ³£·|§Q¥Î MouseSystems ³oÓ¨ó©w¨Ó¶Ç¨ì sysmouse ³oӸ˸m + ¡C¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¦b¤@Ó©Î¥H¤Wªº virtual console ¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«, <bf/¨Ã¥B/ ¯à°÷ + ¨Ï¥Î X ªº¸Ü, §ÚÌ«ØÄ³§A³o¼Ë³]©w : + + <verb> + /etc/rc.conf: + moused_type=ps/2 # or whatever your actual type is + moused_port=/dev/psm0 # or whatever your real port is + moused_flags= + + /etc/XF86Config + Section Pointer + Protocol "MouseSystems" + Device "/dev/sysmouse" + ..... + </verb> + + <p>¦³¨Ç¤H¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¦b³]©w X ªº®ÉԥΠ"<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" ³oӸ˸m¡C¦p + ªG§AnÅý¥¦¯à°÷¥¿±`¤u§@ªº¸Ü, §A´N¥²¶·§â "<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" ³sµ²¨ì + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysmouse" + name="/dev/sysmouse"> : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # rm -f mouse + # ln -s sysmouse mouse + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>X Window ªº¿ï³æ©M¹ï¸Ü®Ø¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@ !</heading> + + <p>§â Num Lock Ãö±¼¸Õ¸Õ¡C + + <p>¦pªG§Aªº Num Lock ¦b¶}¾÷®Éªº¹w³]ȬO¶}µÛªº¸Ü, §A¥²¶·§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì + <tt/XF86Config/ ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº "<tt/Keyboard/" ³¡¥÷¡C + + <verb> + # Let the server do the NumLock processing. This should only be + # required when using pre-R6 clients + ServerNumLock + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>¤°»ò¬O virtual console ? §Ún«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¥Î¦h¤@ÂI ?</heading> + + <p>²³æ¨Ó»¡, virtual console ´N¬O¥i¥HÅý§A¤£¥²°µ¤Ó¦h½ÆÂøªº³]©w¦p¨Ï¥Îºô + ¸ô©Î°õ¦æ X , ¦Ó¦b¦P¤@»O¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É°µ¦n´X¥ó¨Æªº¤èªk¡C + + <p>·í±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ÃÅã¥Ü§¹©Ò¦³¶}¾÷°T®§¤§«á, §A´N·|¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@Ó login ªº + ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦b³oÓ®ÉÔ§A´N¥i¥H¿é¤J§Aªº login name ¥H¤Î password , µM«á´N + ¥i¥H¦b²Ä¤@Ó virtual console ¤W¶}©l¤u§@¤F (©ÎªÌ¶}©lª± !) ¡C + + <p>¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤U, §A¥i¯à·|·Qn§@¨ä¥Lªº¤u§@, ¨Ò¦p»¡¬O¬Ý¬Ý§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªºµ{ + ¦¡ªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó, ©Î¬O·í§A¦b FTP ¶Ç¿éªºµ¥«Ý®É¶¡¤¤¬Ý¬Ý§Aªº¶l¥ó¡C§A¥u»Ýn«ö + Alt-F2 («ö¦í Alt Á䤣©ñ, ¨Ã«ö¤U F2 Áä) , µM«á§A´N·|¦b²Ä¤GÓ "virtual + console" ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@Ó login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹ ! ·í§A·Qn¦^¨ìì¨Óªº¤u§@®É, ½Ð«ö + Alt-F1¡C + + <p>FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë®Éªº¹w³]ȬO¨Ï¥Î¤TÓ virtual console , §A¥i¥H¥Î + Alt-F1, Alt-F2, ¥H¤Î Alt-F3 ¦b¥¦Ì¤§¶¡°µ¤Á´«¡C + + ¦pªG§A·Qn¦h¤@ÂI virtual console ªº¸Ü, §A¥u»Ýn½s¿è <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> ³oÓÀÉ + , ¦b "Virtual terminals" ³oÓµù¸Ñ«á±¥[¤J "<tt/ttyv4/" ¨ì "<tt/ttyvc/" + ªºÄæ¦ì : + + <verb> + # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change + # "off" to "on". + ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + </verb> + + <p>§A·Q¥Î´XÓ´N³]´XÓ¡C§A³]¶V¦h virtual terminal , ¥¦Ì´N¥Î±¼¶V¦h¨t²Î + ¸ê·½ ; ¦pªG§A¥u¦³¤£¨ì 8MB ªº°O¾ÐÅ骺¸Ü, ³o¼vÅT´N¤j¤F¡C§A¥i¯à¤]·|·Q§â + "<tt/secure/" ´«¦¨ "<tt/insecure/" ¡C + + <p><bf/IMPORTANT NOTE/ ¦pªG§A·Qn°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü, §A <bf/¥²¶·/ ¬°¥¦«O¯d ( + ©ÎÃö±¼) ¦Ü¤Ö¤@Ó virtual terminal ¡C³o´N¬O»¡, ¦pªG§A·Q¦b«ö¤Q¤GÓ Alt + ¥\¯àÁä®É³£¦³ login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹, ¦Ó¥B¤S¦b¦P¤@³¡¹q¸£¤W¤]·Q°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü, ¨º»ò + ³o¯u¬O¤Ó¤£©¯¤F - §A¥u¯à¥Î¤Q¤@Ó¡C + + <p>¨ú®ø¤@Ó console ³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O§â¥¦Ãö±¼¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡, ¦pªG§A¹³¤W±Á¿ + ªº¤@¼Ë³]©w¤F¥þ³¡ªº 12 Ó terminal ¨Ã¥B·Qn°õ¦æ X , §A¥²»Ý§â virtual + terminal 12 ±q : + + <verb> + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + </verb> + + <p>³]¦¨ : + + <verb> + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + </verb> + + <p>¦pªG§AªºÁä½L¥u¦³ 10 Ó¥\¯àÁ䪺¸Ü, §A´Nn§ï¦¨³o¼Ë : + + <verb> + ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + </verb> + + <p>(§A¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ§â³o´X¦æ¬å±¼¡C) + + <p>¤@¥¹§A§ï¤F <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> , + ¤U¤@Ó¨BÆJ´N¬On½T©w§A¦³¨¬°÷ªº virtual terminal ¸Ë¸m¡C³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV vty12 # For 12 devices + </verb> + + <p>¦A¹L¨Ó, ·Qn±Ò°Ê³o¨Ç virtual console ³Ì²³æ (¤]¬O³Ì°®²b) ªº°µªk´N¬O + «¶}¾÷¡CµM«á, ¦pªG§A¤£·Q«¶}¾÷ªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H§â X Window Ãö±¼, µM«á¥Î + <tt/root/ ªº¨¥÷°õ¦æ¤U¦C«ü¥O : + + <verb> + kill -HUP 1 + </verb> + + <p>·í§A°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O«e, §A¤@©wn§¹¥þ§â X Window Ãö±¼¡C¦pªG§A¤£³o»ò°µªº + ¸Ü, §Aªº¨t²Î¥i¯à·|¦b§A°õ¦æ kill ©R¥O«á¥X²{·í±¼©ÎÂꦺªº±¡ªp¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç»ò±q X ¤Á´«¨ì virtual console ?</heading> + + <p>¦pªG§A¿Ã¹õ¤W¥¿¦bÅã¥Ü X Window ªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H¥Î Ctrl-Alt-F1 µ¥«öÁä¨Ó¤Á + ´«¨ì virtual console ¡Cª`·N, ¤@¥¹§A±q X Window ¤Á´«¨ì¥ô¤@Ó virtual + console ¤§«á, §A´N¥i¥H¥u¥Î Alt- ¥\¯àÁä¨Ó¤Á´«¨ì¨ä¥L virtual terminal ©Î + ¬O¤Á¦^ X Window ¡C§A¤£¥²¦P®É«öµÛ Ctrl Áä¡C¦pªG¦b¤ñ¸ûªºª©¥»¤¤§A¥Î + Ctrl Áä¨Ó¤Á¦^ X Window ªº¸Ü, §A·|µo²{§Aªº¤å¦r¿Ã¹õ³Q¥d¦b "control-lock" + ¼Ò¦¡¤U¡C§A¥u»Ýn¦A«ö¤@¦¸±±¨îÁä´N¥i¥H«ì´_쪬¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à¦b¶}¾÷®É±Ò°Ê XDM ?</heading> + + <p>¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H±Ò°Ê <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xdm" + name="xdm"> ¡C¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O±q + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> ¨Ó±Ò°Ê, ¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò man page ¤¤ªº½d¨Ò ; ¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¦b + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="rc.local"> + °õ¦æ xdm , ©Î¬O¦b <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> ©ñ¤@Ó <tt/X.sh/ ¡C³o¨â + ºØ¤èªk³£¬O¦Xªkªº, ¦pªG§A¸Õ¬Y¤@ºØ¤èªkµL®Äªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¥t¥~¤@ºØ¡C³o¨â + ºØ¤èªkªºµ²ªG¬O¤@¼Ëªº : X ·|Åã¥Ü¤@ӹϧΤƪº login: ´£¥Ü¡C + + <p>¥Î ttys ªº¤èªkªºÀuÂI¦b©ó»¡©ú¤F X ¦b±Ò°Ê¥H¤Î¦b logout «á«·s±Ò°Ê®É, + ¨ì©³ X ¥Îªº¬O¨ºÓ vty ¡C¦Ó rc.local ªº¤èªk«h¬O¦b·í±Ò°Ê X ¥X¤F°ÝÃD®É, §A + ¥i¥H§â xdm ±þ±¼¨Ó¸Ñ¨M¡C + + <p>¦pªG¬O¥Î rc.local ªº¤èªkªº¸Ü, ¦b°õ¦æ <tt/xdm/ ®É§A¤£¯à¥[¥ô¦ó°Ñ¼Æ ( + ¤]´N¬O¶]¦¨ daemon) ¡C + + <p>«e¤@ª©ªº FAQ »¡§A¥²¶·§â§A·QÅý X ¨Ï¥Îªº <tt/vt/ ¥[¨ì + <tt>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</tt> Àɸ̥h¡C³o¬O¤£¥²nªº : X ·|¦Û + °Ê¨Ï¥Î²Ä¤@Ó§ä¨ìªº¥i¥Î <tt/vt/ ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>·í§Ú°õ¦æ xconsole ®É, µo¥Í¤F "Couldn't open console" ªº¿ù»~</heading> + + <p>¦pªG§A¬O¥Î <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=startx" + name="startx"> ¨Ó±Ò°Ê <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=X" + name="X"> ªº¸Ü, /dev/console ªºÅv¨Ã¤£·|§ïÅÜ, µ²ªG´N¬O <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xterm" + name="xterm -C"> ©M <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xconsole" + name="xconsole"> ³oÃþªºµ{¦¡µLªk¥¿±`°õ¦æ¡C + + <p>³o¤@¤Áªº°ÝÃD, ³£¬O¦]¬° console ªºÅv¬O±Ä¥Î¨t²Î¹w³]È¡C¦b¤@Ó¦h¨Ï¥Î + ªÌªº¨t²Î¸Ì, §Ṳ́£§Æ±æ¨CӨϥΪ̳£¥i¥Hª½±µ¼g¤J¨t²Î console ¡C¦pªG¬O¨Ï + ¥ÎªÌ¬O±q¾÷¾¹ªº VTY ª½±µ login ªº¸Ü, ¨º»ò + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab" name="fbtab"> + ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³oÃþªº°ÝÃD¡C + + <p>²³æ¦a»¡, ½Ð½T«O + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab(5)" + name="/etc/fbtab"> ³oÓÀɮפ¤ªº³o¤@¦æ¨S¦³³Qµù¸Ñ±¼ : + + <verb> + /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console + </verb> + + ³o¤@¦æ³]©wªº¦s¦b¥i¥H½T«O±q <tt>/dev/ttyv0</tt> µn¤Jªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H±±¨î + console ¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>§Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¦b X ¤¤¦³ÂI¤£¥¿±`</heading> + + <p>§Aªº·Æ¹«©M§Aªº·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¯à¦s¦b¦³¤£¦P¨Bªº²{¶H¡C + + <p>¦b 2.2.5 ¥H¤Î§ó¦ªº¨t²Î¸Ì, ±q X ¤Á¨ì virtual terminal µM«á¦A¤Á¦^¨Ó + ´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥¦Ì«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C¦pªG³oÓ°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Íªº¸Ü, §A¥i¥H¦b§Aªº + ®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤ¤¥[¤J¤U±³oÓ¿ï¶µµM«á«·s½sĶ : + + <verb> + options PSM_CHECKSYNC + </verb> + + <p>¦pªG§A¨S¦³«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ßªº¸gÅç, ½Ð¬Ý + <ref id="make-kernel" name="«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ß"> ³o¤@¸`¡C + + <p>¥[¤W³oÓ¿ï¶µ¥H«á, ·Æ¹«©M·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶¡ªº¦P¨B°ÝÃDÀ³¸Ó´N¤ñ¸û¤£·|¥X²{ + ¤F¡C¦pªG³oÓ°ÝÃD¤´µM¦s¦bªº¸Ü, ¦b²¾°Ê·Æ¹«®É«ö«ö·Æ¹««öÁä¥i¥H¨Ï·Æ¹«©M·Æ + ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C + + <p>¸Óª`·Nªº¬O³oÓ¿ï¶µ¨Ã¤£¬O¹ï¨C¤@Ó¨t²Î³£¦³®Ä, ¥¦¥i¯à·|Åý±µ¦b PS/2 ·Æ + ¹«¦ì¸mªº ALPS GlidePoint ¸Ë¸m¥¢¥h "tap" ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡C + + <p>¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¨ä«áªºª©¥», ¦P¨Bªº½T»{¤w¸g¦³¤F¸û¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¿ìªk, ¦Ó¥B³o¨Ç³£ + ¤w¸g¬O PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¼Ð·Ç¤F¡C³oÓ¤èªk¤]¥i¥H¦b GlidePoint ¤W¥¿±`¤u + §@¡C (¦]¬°½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½X¤w¸g¦¨¬°¤@Ӽзǥ\¯à, ©Ò¥H¦b³o¨Çª©¥»¤¤§Ṳ́£¦b´£ + ¨Ñ PSM_CHECKSYNC ªº¿ï¶µ¤F¡C) ¤£¹L¦b·¥¤Ö¼Æªº®×¨Ò¤¤, ³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡·|»~³ø + ¦P¨B©Ê¿ù»~, µM«á§A´N·|¬Ý¨ì³o¼Ëªº®Ö¤ß°T®§ : + + <verb> + psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy) + </verb> + + µM«á§A´N·|µo²{§Aªº·Æ¹«¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¤F¡C + + <p>¦pªG§Aµo¥Í¤F³o¼Ëªºª¬ªp, §A¥²¶·Âǥѧâ PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº flag ³]¦¨ + 0x100 ¨Ó§â¦P¨B½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½Xµ¹¨ú®ø±¼¡CµM«á¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î + "<tt>-c</tt>" ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J <em>UserConfig</em> : + + <verb> + boot: -c + </verb> + + µM«á, ¦b <em>UserConfig</em> ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J : + + <verb> + UserConfig> flags psm0 0x100 + UserConfig> quit + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Úªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¤£¯à³z¹L MouseSystem ¨Ó¹B§@</heading> + + <p>¦³¤@¨Ç³ø§i«ü¥X¬Y¨Ç¼tµPªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¥u¯à¦b "°ª¸ÑªR«×" ª¬ºA¤U¤~¯à¹B§@ + ¡C¦pªG¤£¬Oªº¸Ü, ·Æ¹«´å¼Ð·|±`±`¶]¨ì¿Ã¹õªº¥ª¤W¨¤¥h¡C + + <p>«D±`¤£©¯ªº, ³oÓ°ÝÃD¦b 2.0.X ©M 2.1.X ¤U¬OµL¸Ñªº¡C¦b 2.2 ¨ì 2.2.5 + ª©, §A¥i¥H¹ï <tt>/sys/i386/isa/psm.c</tt> ¨Ï¥Î¤U¦C patch µM«á««Ø§Aªº + ®Ö¤ß¡C¦pªG§A¨S¦³«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ßªº¸gÅç, ½Ð¬Ý + <ref id="make-kernel" name="building a kernel"> ³o¸`¡C + + <verb> +diff -u psm.c.orig psm.c +@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@ + if (verbose >= 2) + log(LOG_DEBUG, "psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n", + unit, i); ++ set_mouse_resolution(sc->kbdc, PSMD_RES_HIGH); ++ + #if 0 + set_mouse_scaling(sc->kbdc); /* 1:1 scaling */ + set_mouse_mode(sc->kbdc); /* stream mode */ + </verb> + + <p>¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥», ¦b PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤¤³]©w 0x04 ªº flag ·| + §â·Æ¹«³]¦¨°ª¸ÑªR«×¼Ò¦¡¡C¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î "<tt>-c</tt>" ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J + <em>UserConfig</em> : + + <verb> + boot: -c + </verb> + + µM«á, ¦b <em>UserConfig</em> ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J : + + <verb> + UserConfig> flags psm0 0x04 + UserConfig> quit + </verb> + + <p>«e¤@¸`¦³´£¨ì¥t¤@Ó¥i¯à¾ÉP·Æ¹«°ÝÃDªºì¦]¡C + + <sect1> + <heading>·í§Ú«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡®É, <tt/imake/ »¡¥¦§ä¤£¨ì <tt/Imake.tmpl/ ¡C¥¦¦b¨º ? + </heading> + + <p>Imake.tmpl ¬O Imake ®M¥óªº¤@³¡¥÷, Imake ¬O¼Ð·Çªº«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡ªº¤u¨ã¡C + Imake.tmpl ©M¨ä¥L¼ÆÓ header file ¤@¼Ë¬O«Ø¥ß X µ{¦¡ªº¥²nÀÉ®×, §A¥i¥H¦b + X prog distribution ¤¤§ä¨ì¥¦Ì¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î sysinstall ¨Ó¦w¸Ë©Î¬Oª½±µ±q + X distribution ¤¤¤â°Ê¦w¸Ë¡C + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>§Ún«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à³]©w¥ªºJ¤l¥Îªº·Æ¹« ? + </heading> + + <p>¦b§Aªº .xinitrc ©Î¬O .xsession ¤¤°õ¦æ + <tt/ xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"/ ªº«ü¥O¡C + </p> + </sect1> + </sect> + |