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-# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1 1997-06-25 16:57:01 jfieber Exp $
-DOCS= upgrade.docb
-INDEXLINK= upgrade.html
-
-.include "../../web.mk"
-
diff --git a/en/tutorials/upgrade/upgrade.docb b/en/tutorials/upgrade/upgrade.docb
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-<!-- $Id: upgrade.docb,v 1.2 1997-09-14 03:53:16 jfieber Exp $ -->
-<!DOCTYPE BOOK PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN">
-
-<book>
- <bookinfo>
- <bookbiblio>
- <title/<quote>Making the world</quote> your own/
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname/Nik/
- <surname/Clayton/
- <affiliation>
- <address><email/Nik.Clayton@iii.co.uk/</address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <pubdate>$Date: 1997-09-14 03:53:16 $</pubdate>
- </bookbiblio>
- </bookinfo>
-
- <preface>
- <title/Overview/
-
- <para>This document assumes that you have downloaded a version of the
- FreeBSD source code and placed it in <filename>/usr/src</filename>. This
- might be the latest version from the -current development branch, or
- perhaps you're just tracking -stable. Either way, you have the source
- code and now need to update your system.</para>
-
- <para>There are a number of steps to perform to do this, and a few
- pitfalls to avoid along the way. This document takes you through
- those necessary steps one by one.</para>
-
- <warning>
- <title>Take a backup</title>
-
- <para>I cannot stress highly enough how important it is to take a backup
- of your system <emphasis>before</emphasis> you do this. While remaking
- the world is (as long as you follow these instructions) an easy task to
- do, there will inevitably be times when you make mistakes, or when
- mistakes made by others in the source tree render your system
- unbootable.</para>
-
- <para>Make sure you've taken a backup. And have a fixit floppy to
- hand. I've never needed to use them, and, touch wood, I never will,
- but it's always better to be safe than sorry.</para>
- </warning>
-
- <note>
- <title>2.1.7 specific</title>
-
- <para>This document was written and tested with FreeBSD
- 2.1.7-RELEASE. That was a while ago (at the time of writing
- 2.2.5-RELEASE is perhaps 30 days away. Most of the information pertains
- to all versions of FreeBSD greater than 2.1. Where there are specific
- differences between versions (and where I'm aware of them) I'll note
- them. If you know of a difference between different versions that
- impacts on this document, please let me know.</para>
- </note>
- </preface>
-
- <chapter>
- <title>Check <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename></title>
-
- <para>Examine the file <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>. This contains
- some default defines for <command/make/, which will be used when you
- rebuild the source. They're also used every time you use <command/make/,
- so it's a good idea to make sure they're set to something sensible for
- your system.</para>
-
- <para>Everything is, by default, commented out. Uncomment those entries
- that look useful. For a typical user (not a developer), you'll probably
- want to uncomment the CFLAGS and NOPROFILE definitions. If your machine
- has a floating point unit (386DX, 486DX, Pentium and up class machines)
- then you can also uncomment the HAVE_FPU line.</para>
-
- <!-- XXX the definitions above should be wrapped in appropriate DocBook
- markup. Don't know what it is yet, though -->
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title/Get the system to single user mode/
-
- <para>You want to compile the system in single user mode. Apart from the
- obvious benefit of making things go slightly faster, re-making the system
- will touch a lot of important system files, all the standard system
- binaries, libraries, include files and so on. Try to change these on a
- running system and you're asking for trouble.</para>
-
- <para>As the superuser, you can execute
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput/shutdown now/</screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- from a running system, which will drop it to single user mode.</para>
-
- <para>Alternatively, reboot the system, and at the boot prompt, enter the
- <option>-s</option> flag. The system will then boot single user. At the
- shell prompt you should then run
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput/fsck -p/
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>mount -u /</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput/mount -a -t ufs/
-<prompt/#/ <userinput/swapon -a/</screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- which check the filesystems, remounts <filename>/</filename> read/write,
- mounts all the other UFS filesystems referenced in
- <filename>/etc/fstbab</filename> and then turns swapping on.</para>
-
- <para>For extra speed, you can also do
-
- <informalexample>
- <screen><prompt/#/ <userinput/mount -u -o async -t ufs -a/</screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- which remounts all your UFS filesystems for asynchronous access. The
- trade off is that if the power suddenly fails while the system is being
- rebuilt you are more likely to suffer from filesystem corruption.</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title/Recompile the source/
-
- <para>In general, this is as simple as
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>make world 2>&1 | tee /var/tmp/mw.out</userinput></screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- which will re-make the world, storing a copy of all the STDOUT and STDERR
- messages in <filename>/var/tmp/mw.out</filename>. It's important to use
- <filename>/var/tmp</filename>, as plain <filename>/tmp</filename> is
- generally cleared out when you reboot, and you want this output to stay
- around for a while.</para>
-
- <note>
- <title><filename>/bin/sh</filename> specific</title>
-
- <para>The <quote>2>&1</quote> construct is specific to the
- <filename>/bin/sh</filename> shell. Under <filename>/bin/csh</filename>
- you could use
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>make world |& tee /var/tmp/mw.out</userinput>
-</screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- </para>
-
- <para>Other shells have their own constructs to do the same
- thing.</para>
-
- <para>Alternatively, if you don't care to use shell redirection, you
- could use <command>script</command> to save a copy of all the
- output.</para>
-
- <informalexample>
- <screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>script /var/tmp/mw.out</userinput>
-Script started, output file is /var/tmp/mw.out
-<prompt/#/ <userinput/make world/
-<emphasis>&hellip; compile, compile, compile &hellip;</emphasis>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput/exit/
-Script done, &hellip;
- </screen>
- </informalexample>
- </note>
-
- <para>Then go and make yourself several cups of tea. Remaking the world is
- a long process. One of our servers, a 200Mhz P6 with fairly
- run-of-the-mill SCSI disks, 64MB RAM and 256MB swap it takes a shade
- under two hours to complete.</para>
-
- <para>One of the 32MB (128MB swap), P133 machines takes about 5
- hours.</para>
-
- <para>The only caveat I am aware of is that (at least the last few times I
- tried it with 2.1.5), <command/make world/ expected the <quote/dict/
- distribution set to be installed. Otherwise it dies.</para>
-
- <para>Which means, whenever I have to install a new machine, I generally
- download the <quote/bin/, <quote/src/ and <quote/dict/ distributions, and
- install them. I then make the world to get everything else.</para>
-
- <para>This may have changed up to 2.1.7. I unfortunately do not have the
- spare machines to test it.</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title/Build and populate a new root directory somewhere safe/
-
- <para>Remaking the world will not update certain directories (in
- particular, <filename>/etc</filename>, <filename>/var</filename> and
- <filename>/usr</filename>) with new or changed configuration files. This
- is something you have to do by hand, eyeball, and judicious use of the
- <command/diff/ command.</para>
-
- <sect1>
- <title>Backup your existing <filename>/etc</filename></title>
-
- <para>Although, in theory, nothing's going to touch this directory
- automatically, it's always better to be sure. So copy your existing
- <filename>/etc</filename> directory somewhere safe. Something like
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>cp -rp /etc /etc.old</userinput></screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- will do the trick (<option>-r</option> does a recursive copy,
- <option>-p</option> preserves times, ownerships on files and
- suchlike).</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1>
- <title/Build a dummy root/
-
- <para>You need to build a dummy set of directories to install the new
- <filename>/etc</filename> and other files into. I generally choose to
- put this dummy dir in <filename>/var/tmp/root</filename>, and there are
- a number of subdirectories required under this as well. So execute
-
- <informalexample>
- <screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>mkdir /var/tmp/root</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>mtree -deU -f /usr/src/etc/mtree/BSD.root.dist -p /var/tmp/root/</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>mtree -deU -f /usr/src/etc/mtree/BSD.var.dist -p /var/tmp/root/var/</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>mtree -deU -f /usr/src/etc/mtree/BSD.usr.dist -p /var/tmp/root/usr/</userinput></screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- which will build the necessary directory structure.</para>
-
- <para>A lot of these subdirs are extraneous, but you can ignore them
- for the time being, they'll be removed in the next
- step.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1>
- <title/Install the updated files/
-
- <para>Now that the directory tree has been built, you have to install
- the new files from <filename>/usr/src/etc</filename> into it.
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>cd /usr/src/etc</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root distribution</userinput></screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- This will leave several redundant empty directories scattered
- around, cluttering up your <command/ls/ output. The simplest way
- to get rid of them is to do
-
- <informalexample>
- <screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>cd /var/tmp/root</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>find -d . -type d | /usr/bin/perl -lne \
- 'opendir(D,$_);@f=readdir(D);rmdir if $#f != 1;closedir(D);'</userinput></screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- which does a depth first search, examines each directory, and if the
- number of files in that directory is 2 ('1' is not a typo in the
- script) i.e., '.' and '..' then it removes the
- directory.</para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title>Merge in the changed files from
- <filename>/var/tmp/root/*</filename></title>
-
- <para><filename>/var/tmp/root</filename> now contains all the files that
- should be placed in appropriate locations below
- <filename>/</filename>. You now have to go through each of these files,
- determining how they differ with your existing files. This is not a task
- that can be automated (at the moment).</para>
-
- <para>Note that some of the files that will have been installed in
- <filename>/var/tmp/root</filename> have a leading '.'. Make sure you use
- <command/ls -a/ to catch them.</para>
-
- <para>The simplest way to do this is to use the <command/diff/ command to
- compare the two files. Use either the <option>-c</option> for the context
- output format, or <option>-u</option> for the unified output format. I
- find it easier to read context diffs.</para>
-
- <para>For example,
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>diff -c /etc/shells /var/tmp/root/etc/shells</userinput></screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- will show you the differences between your
- <filename>/etc/shells</filename> file and the new
- <filename>/etc/shells</filename> file. Use these to decide whether to
- merge in changes that you've made or whether to copy over your old
- file.</para>
-
- <para>When it comes to <filename>/var/tmp/root/dev</filename>, you should
- just copy over the <filename/MAKEDEV/ file. You may need to examine and
- update <filename/MAKEDEV.local/ if you previously had to customise it for
- your local environment.</para>
-
- <para>You will use those scripts a little later to update your
- <filename>/dev</filename> directory.</para>
-
- <para>Here is a (probably incomplete) list of files that you will
- probably want to merge or copy by hand.
-
- <informaltable>
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry/Copy/
- <entry/Merge/
- </row>
- </thead>
-
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/passwd///
- <entry/<filename/inetd.conf//
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/master.passwd///
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/login.access///
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/pwd.db///
- <entry/<filename/printcap//
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/spwd.db///
- <entry/<filename/remote//
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/group///
- <entry/<filename/services//
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<filename/aliases/ (nb: run <command/newaliases/)/
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/shells///
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<filename/crontab//
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/ttys///
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<filename/csh.*//
- <entry/<filename/fbtab//
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<filename/dumpdates//
- <entry/<filename/exports//
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/fstab///
- <entry/<emphasis/<filename/sysconfig///
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry/<filename/host//
- <entry/<filename/rc.local//
- </row>
-
- <row/<entry/<filename/magic///
-
- <row><entry><filename>namedb/*</filename></entry></row>
-
- <row><entry><filename>ppp/*</filename></entry></row>
-
- <row/<entry/<filename/profile///
-
- <row/<entry/<filename/resolv.conf///
-
- <row/<entry/<filename/ntp.*///
-
- <row/<entry/<filename/start_if.*///
-
- <row/<entry/<filename/XF86*///
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
-
- <para>That is not an exhaustive list, and changes to FreeBSD in the future
- may necessitate moving files from the <emphasis/Copy/ column to the
- <emphasis/Merge/ column. But you get the idea.</para>
-
- <para>Those filenames shown in <emphasis/emphasised type/ are vital to
- the correct running of the system. Be extra sure that they are present
- and correct before you reboot.</para>
-
- <note>
- <title><filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and
- <filename>/etc/rc.network</filename></title>
-
- <para>Starting with FreeBSD 2.2.2-RELEASE,
- <filename/sysconfig/ has been renamed to <filename/rc.conf/, and
- <filename/netstart/ has been renamed to <filename/rc.network/.</para>
- </note>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title>Update <filename>/dev</filename></title>
-
- <para>For safety's sake, this is a multistep process. You should already
- have copied in the <filename/MAKEDEV/ script to
- <filename>/dev</filename>. Do the following,
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>ls -la /dev > /var/tmp/dev1.out</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>ls -la /var/tmp/root/dev > /var/tmp/dev2.out</userinput>
-</screen></informalexample></para>
-
- <para>This gives you a reference for when things go wrong&hellip; Run a
- quick diff over these two files to see if anything's missing. If you use
- slices in your disk partitioning (which may not be necessary on a
- <quote>dangerously dedicated</quote> disk) then these slices have almost
- certainly not been made.</para>
-
- <para>Note down the devices that exist in <filename/dev1.out/ and not
- <filename/dev2.out/, and the necessary commands to remake them.</para>
-
- <para>Now do,
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>sh MAKEDEV all</userinput>
-</screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- This will generate all the standard devices. You must now do whatever's
- necessary to recreate devices that you noticed as missing in the previous
- step. For my setup, that involved doing
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>sh MAKEDEV sd0s1a</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>sh MAKEDEV sd1s1a</userinput>
-</screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- to create the slice entries on my two disks. Your circumstances may
- vary. If at all in doubt, make sure you have a handy boot and fixit
- floppy, and a very recent backup of your system.</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title/Set the timezone/
-
- <para>If you didn't copy over the <filename/localtime/ file from your old
- <filename>/etc</filename> (which is probably a good idea, you may as well
- generate it fresh), run <command/tzsetup/ (in
- <filename>/usr/sbin</filename>) to set your timezone.</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title/Compiling a new kernel/
-
- <para>To take full advantage of your new system you should recompile the
- kernel. This is practically a necessity, as certain memory structures may
- have changed, and programs like <command/ps/ and <command/top/ will fail
- to work until the kernel and source code versions are the same.</para>
-
- <para>Follow the handbook instructions for compiling a new kernel. If you
- have previously built a custom kernel then carefully examine the
- <filename/LINT/ config file to see if there are any new options which you
- should take advantage of.</para>
-
- <para>A previous version of this document suggested rebooting before
- rebuilding the kernel. This is wrong because: </para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Commands like <command/ps/, <command/ifconfig/ and
- <command/sysctl/ may fail. This could leave your machine unable to
- connect to the network.</para></listitem>
-
- <listitem><para>Basic utilities like <command/mount/ could fail,
- making it impossible to mount <filename>/</filename>,
- <filename>/usr</filename> and so on. This is unlikely if you're
- tracking a -stable candidate, but more likely if you're tracking
- -current during a large merge.</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>For these reasons, it is always best to rebuild and install a
- new kernel before rebooting.</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title/Rebooting/
-
- <para>You're now done. After you've verified that everything appears to be
- in the right place (pay particular attention to the <emphasis/emphasised/
- files listed earlier), you can reboot the system. A simple
- <command/fastboot/ should do it.</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title>That's it</title>
-
- <para>You should now have successfully upgraded your FreeBSD system.
- Congratulations. It's likely that over the next few days you'll notice
- little oddities that don't work as expected, or small upgrades you've
- forgotten to do. Something I missed for several days was that
- <filename>/etc/magic</filename> was missing. It was only when I went to
- run <command/file/ that I realised. A quick <command/make install/ in
- <filename>/usr/src/usr.bin/file</filename> sorted that one out.</para>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title/Questions?/
-
- <sect1>
- <title/Do I need to re-make the world for every change?/
-
- <para>There's no easy answer to this one, as it depends on the nature of
- the change. For example, I've just run CVSup, and it's shown the
- following files as being updated since I last ran it;</para>
-
- <informalexample>
-<screen><filename>src/games/cribbage/instr.c</filename>
-<filename>src/games/sail/pl_main.c</filename>
-<filename>src/release/sysinstall/config.c</filename>
-<filename>src/release/sysinstall/media.c</filename>
-<filename>src/share/mk/bsd.port.mk</filename></screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- <para>There's nothing in there that I'd re-make the world for. I'd go to
- the appropriate sub-directories and <command/make all install/, and
- that's about it. But if something major changed, like, say,
- <filename>src/lib/libc/stdlib</filename> then I'd probably either
- re-make the world, or at least those parts of it that are statically
- linked (as well as anything else I might have added that's statically
- linked).</para>
-
- <para>At the end of the day, it's your call. You might be happy
- re-making the world every fortnight say, and let changes accumulate
- over that fortnight. Or you might want to re-make just those things
- that have changed, and are confident you can spot all the
- dependencies.</para>
-
- <para>And, of course, this all depends on how often you want to upgrade,
- and whether you are tracking -stable, a release candidate (2.2 at the
- time of writing), or -current.</para>
-
- <para>In any case, it's always worthwhile to subscribe to the relevant
- mailing lists, depending on which version of FreeBSD you are staying up
- to date with. Not only will this give you a <quote/heads up/ of
- forthcoming changes, but it also means you'll see problems other people
- might be having making the world, and lets you learn from their
- problems.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1>
- <title>My compile failed with lots of signal 12 (or other signal number)
- errors</title>
-
- <para>This is normally indicative of hardware problems. (Re)making the
- world is an effective way to stress test your hardware, and will
- frequently throw up memory problems. These normally manifest themselves
- as the compiler mysteriously dieing on receipt of strange
- signals.</para>
-
- <para>A sure indicator of this is if you can restart the make and it
- dies at a different point in the process.</para>
-
- <para>In this instance there is little you can do except start swapping
- around the components in your machine to determine which one is
- failing.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1>
- <title>Can I remove <filename>/usr/obj</filename> when I've
- finished?</title>
-
- <para>That depends on how you want to make the world on future
- occasions.</para>
-
- <para><filename>/usr/obj</filename> contains all the object files
- that were produced during the compilation phase. Normally, one of the
- first steps in the <quote/make world/ process is to remove this
- directory and start afresh. In this case, keeping
- <filename>/usr/obj</filename> around after you've finished makes
- little sense, and will free up a large chunk of disk space (currently
- about 150MB).</para>
-
- <para>However, if you know what you're doing you can have <quote/make
- world/ skip this step. This will make subsequent builds run much
- faster, since most of sources will not need to be recompiled. The flip
- side of this is that subtle dependency problems can creep in, causing
- your build to fail in odd ways. This frequently generates noise on the
- FreeBSD mailing lists, when one person complains that their build has
- failed, not realising that it's because they've tried to cut
- corners.</para>
-
- <para>If you want to live dangerously then make the world, passing the
- <quote/NOCLEAN/ definition to make, like this;
-
- <informalexample>
- <screen><prompt/#/ <userinput>make -DNOCLEAN world</userinput></screen>
- </informalexample>
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1>
- <title>My compile failed with a particular error, which I've now
- fixed. Do I need to remake the world (and lose the result of the
- previous build) or can I continue from where I left off?</title>
-
- <para>This depends on how far through the process you got before you
- found a problem.</para>
-
- <para><emphasis>In general</emphasis> (and this is not a hard and fast
- rule) the <quote>make world</quote> process builds new copies
- essential tools (such as <command>gcc</command>, and
- <command>make</command>) and the system libraries. These tools and
- libraries are then installed. The new tools and libraries are then
- used to rebuild themselves, and are installed again. The entire system
- (now including regular user programs, such as <command>ls</command> or
- <command>grep</command>) is then rebuilt with the new system
- files.</para>
-
- <para>If you're at the last state, and you know it (because you've
- looked through the output that you were storing) then you can (fairly
- safely) do
-
- <informalexample>
- <screen><emphasis>&hellip; fix the problem &hellip;</emphasis>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
-<prompt/#/ <userinput/make -DNOCLEAN all/
- </screen>
- </informalexample>
-
- which will not undo the work of the previous <quote>make
- world</quote>.</para>
-
- <para>If you see the message
-
-<screen>
---------------------------------------------------------------
- Building everything..
---------------------------------------------------------------
-</screen>
-
- in the <quote>make world</quote> output then it's probably fairly safe
- to do so.</para>
-
- <para>If you don't see that message, or you're not sure, then it's always
- better to be safe than sorry, and restart the build from
- scratch.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1>
- <title/Can I use one machine as a <emphasis/master/ to upgrade lots of
- machines?/
-
- <para>People often ask on the FreeBSD mailing lists whether they can do
- all the compiling on one machine, and then use the results of that
- compile to <command/make install/ on to other machines around the
- network.</para>
-
- <para>This is not something I've done. However, in a message to
- questions@freebsd.org, Antonio Bemfica suggested the following
- approach:</para>
-
-<screen>
-Date: Thu, 20 Feb 1997 14:05:01 -0400 (AST)
-From: Antonio Bemfica &lt;bemfica@militzer.me.tuns.ca&gt;
-To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org
-Message-ID: &lt;Pine.BSI.3.94.970220135725.245C-100000@militzer.me.tuns.ca&gt;
-
-Josef Karthauser asked:
-
-&gt; Has anybody got a good method for upgrading machines on a network
-
-First make world, etc. on your main machine
-Second, mount / and /usr from the remote machine:
-
-main_machine% mount remote_machine:/ /mnt
-main_machine% mount remote_machine:/usr /mnt/usr
-
-Third, do a 'make install' with /mnt as the destination:
-
-main_machine% make install DESTDIR=/mnt
-
-Repeat for every other remote machine on your network. It works fine
-for me.
-
-Antonio
-</screen>
-
- <para>Which sounds interesting. Note that, of course, you will not
- upgrade the target machines <filename>/etc</filename> directory (and
- others as outlined above) by doing this.</para>
-
- <note>
- <title>2.2.2-RELEASE and up</title>
-
- <para>My FreeBSD 2.2.2-RELEASE system shows a <quote>reinstall</quote>
- target in <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename>. The comment for
- this includes:</para>
-
- <programlisting>
-# reinstall
-#
-# If you have a build server, you can NFS mount the source and obj directories
-# and do a 'make reinstall' on the *client* to install new binaries from the
-# most recent server build.
- </programlisting>
-
- <para>I have no idea how well this works, or whether it is present in
- earlier versions of FreeBSD. I mention it here for
- completeness.</para>
- </note>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter>
- <title>Contributors</title>
-
- <para>The following people have contributed to this document in some form
- or another. Either by directly suggesting alterations and improvements,
- or by their messages to the FreeBSD mailing lists, from which I have
- shamelessly cribbed information. My thanks to them.</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Kees Jan Koster, &lt;<ulink url="mailto:kjk1@ukc.ac.uk">kjk1@ukc.ac.uk</ulink>&gt;</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>A Joseph Kosy, &lt;<ulink url="mailto:koshy@india.hp.com">koshy@india.hp.com</ulink>&gt;</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Greg Lehey, &lt;<ulink url="mailto:grog@lemis.com">grog@lemis.com</ulink>&gt;</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Wes Peters, &lt;<ulink
- url="mailto:softweyr@xmission.com">softweyr@xmission.com</ulink>&gt;</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Joseph Stein, &lt;<ulink url="mailto:joes@joes.users.spiritone.com">joes@joes.users.spiritone.com</ulink>&gt;</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </chapter>
-</book>