584 files changed, 158745 insertions, 1508 deletions

diff --git a/website/archetypes/release/hardware.adoc b/website/archetypes/release/hardware.adoc
index ea3bec978d..0a9026c2fd 100644
--- a/website/archetypes/release/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/archetypes/release/hardware.adoc
@@ -19,41 +19,36 @@ toc::[]
 [[intro]]
 == Introduction
 
-This document contains the hardware compatibility notes for FreeBSD {localRel}.
-It lists the hardware platforms supported by FreeBSD, as well as the various types of hardware devices (storage controllers, network interfaces, and so on), along with known working instances of these devices.
+This hardware compatibility note describes all hardware known to work with FreeBSD {localRel}.
+Other configurations may also work, but simply have not been tested yet.
+Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list are encouraged!
 
 [[proc]]
-== Supported Processors and System Boards
+== Supported Platforms
 
-This section provides some architecture-specific information about the specific processors and systems that are supported by each architecture.
+This section describes the CPU architectures currently supported by the FreeBSD Platform projects, their support tiers, and the systems that are supported by each Platform.
 
 [[proc-amd64]]
-=== 64-bit x86 (amd64) Architecture Support
+=== x86-64
 
-FreeBSD supports the AMD64 ("Hammer") and Intel(R) EM64T architectures.
-AMD64 (also known as x86-64) is a fully-supported Tier 1 architecture.
-AMD64 supports all modern x86 processors.
+crossref:platforms[amd64,FreeBSD/amd64] supports x86-64 as a fully-supported, crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-1] architecture.
+Release media is expected to work on all x86-64 machines with at least 256 MiB of RAM.
 This release incorporates optimizations and enhancements to leverage the full capabilities of FreeBSD/amd64-based systems, delivering improved performance across a wide range of workloads.
 
-[[proc-i386]]
-=== 32-bit x86 (i386) Architecture Support
-
-While FreeBSD continues to evolve and optimize for modern architectures, we are committed to maintaining support for the venerable i386 (x86) architecture in this release.
-Although i386 hardware is becoming less common, FreeBSD remains a reliable and versatile choice for those who still rely on it, whether for legacy systems or specific use cases.
-
 [[proc-arm-64]]
-=== 64-bit ARM (aarch64) Architecture Support
+=== AArch64
 
-FreeBSD supports 64-bit ARM (known as arm64 or AArch64) as a Tier-1 architecture.
+crossref:platforms[arm64,FreeBSD/aarch64] supports 64-bit ARM (ARMv9 and ARMv8) as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-1] architecture.
 
-FreeBSD currently supports the following devices:
+The following devices are currently supported:
 
 Ampere Computing:
 
+* Altra Max
 * Altra
 * eMAG
 
-Allwinner (64-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner]:
 
 * Allwinner A64 SoC
 * A64-Olinuxino
@@ -75,6 +70,10 @@ AWS / Annapurna Labs:
 * Graviton 2
 * Graviton 3
 
+Cavium:
+
+* ThunderX
+
 NXP Semiconductors:
 
 * LS1028A SoC
@@ -85,15 +84,18 @@ NXP Semiconductors:
 * SolidRun HoneyComb LX2
 * Traverse Technologies Ten64
 
-Raspberry Pi, more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi]:
 
+* Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W
 * Raspberry Pi 3
 * Raspberry Pi 4
 
-RockChip (64-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/RockChip[RockChip Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/RockChip[RockChip]:
 
 * RK3328 SoC
 * RK3399 SoC
+* RK3566 SoC
+* RK3568 SoC
 * NanoPC-T4
 * NanoPi R2S
 * NanoPi R2S-Plus
@@ -103,14 +105,18 @@ RockChip (64-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.
 * Rock64
 * RockPro64
 
-Zedboard Zynq 7000 SoC
+Zedboard:
+
+* Zynq 7000 SoC
 
 [[proc-arm-32]]
-=== 32-bit ARM (armv6, armv7) Architecture Support
+=== AArch32
 
-FreeBSD currently supports the following devices:
+crossref:platforms[armv7,FreeBSD/armv7] supports 32-bit ARM (ARM-v7 and up) as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
 
-Allwinner (32-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner Wiki page]:
+The following devices are currently supported:
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner]:
 
 * Allwinner A10 SoC
 * Allwinner A13/R8 SoC
@@ -136,46 +142,68 @@ Allwinner (32-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd
 * Orange Pi Zero
 * NanoPI NEO
 
-NXP i.MX6 (32-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/imx6[NXP i.MX6 Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/imx6[NXP i.MX6]:
 
 * Wandboard
 * CuBox i
 * HummingBoard
 
-Raspberry Pi, more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi]:
+
+* Raspberry Pi 2 (pre v1.2)
+
+[[proc-powerpc]]
+=== POWER
+
+FreeBSD supports 64-bit POWER as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
+
+crossref:platforms[powerpc,FreeBSD/powerpc64le] supports 64-bit, bi-endian POWER9 and POWER8, including:
+
+IBM:
+
+* Power System LC922 (POWER9)
+* Power System IC922 (POWER8)
+
+QEMU
 
-* Raspberry Pi 1
-* Raspberry Pi 2
-* Raspberry Pi Zero
-* RPi Zero W
+* PowerNV
+
+Raptor CS:
+
+* Talos II (POWER9)
+* Blackbird (POWER9)
+
+crossref:platforms[powerpc,FreeBSD/powerpc64] supports 64-bit, big-endian POWER7 through POWER4, including:
+
+A-EON:
+
+* AmigaONE X5000 (NXP QorIQ P5)
+
+Apple:
+
+* Power Mac G5 (PowerPC 970)
+* Xserve G5 (PowerPC 970)
+
+IBM:
+
+* pSeries VM
 
 [[proc-risc-v]]
-=== RISC-V Architecture Support
+=== RISC-V
 
-RISC-V support in FreeBSD represents a significant milestone in the evolution of this open-source operating system.
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv[FreeBSD/riscv64] supports 64-bit RISC-V as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
+
+RISC-V support represents a significant milestone in the evolution of this open-source operating system.
 FreeBSD was the first operating system to have bootable in-tree support for RISC-V, underscoring its commitment to embracing emerging hardware architectures.
 
 FreeBSD currently supports the following platforms:
 
 * HiFive Unleashed (SiFive FU540)
 * HiFive Unmatched (SiFive FU740)
+* StarFive VisionFive 2 (StarFive JH7110)
 * Spike
 * QEMU
 
-More information about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv[RISC-V Wiki page].
-
-[[proc-powerpc]]
-=== PowerPC Architecture Support
-
-Many PowerPC platforms are supported, including but not limited to:
-
-* Apple PowerMac G4 and later.
-* IBM POWER4 and later using pseries VM platform.
-* IBM POWER8 and later bare metal powernv
-** Most development done using Raptor TALOS-II
-* Embedded NXP QorIQ and PowerQUICC III (MPC85XX, Pxxx)
-** Tested on AmigaOne X5000 and AmigaOne A1222
-
 // The "Supported Devices" section of the release notes.
 // Generally processor-independent, with conditional text
 // inclusion handling any architecture-dependent text.
@@ -205,13 +233,9 @@ Many PowerPC platforms are supported, including but not limited to:
 [[support]]
 == Supported Devices
 
-This section describes the devices currently known to be supported by FreeBSD.
-Other configurations may also work, but simply have not been tested yet.
-Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list are encouraged.
-
-Where possible, the drivers applicable to each device or class of devices is listed.
+This section describes the devices currently known to be supported by each device driver in FreeBSD.
 If the driver in question has a manual page in the FreeBSD base distribution (most should), it is referenced here.
-Information on specific models of supported devices, controllers, etc. can be found in the manual pages.
+Information on usage, configuration, and specific models of supported devices, controllers, etc. can be found in the manual pages.
 
 [NOTE]
 ====
@@ -222,46 +246,28 @@ This means that some devices, which are supported by multiple drivers, may appea
 [[disk]]
 === Disk Controllers
 
-[amd64, i386] IDE/ATA controllers (man:ata[4] driver)
-
 &hwlist.aac;
 
 &hwlist.aacraid;
 
-&hwlist.adv;
-
-&hwlist.adw;
-
-&hwlist.aha;
-
 &hwlist.ahc;
 
 &hwlist.ahci;
 
 &hwlist.ahd;
 
-&hwlist.man4.i386/aic;
-
-&hwlist.amr;
-
 &hwlist.arcmsr;
 
 &hwlist.ata;
 
-&hwlist.bt;
-
 &hwlist.ciss;
 
-&hwlist.dpt;
-
 [NOTE]
 ====
 [amd64, i386] Booting from these controllers is supported.
 EISA adapters are not supported.
 ====
 
-&hwlist.esp;
-
 &hwlist.hpt27xx;
 
 &hwlist.hptiop;
@@ -274,8 +280,6 @@ EISA adapters are not supported.
 
 &hwlist.ida;
 
-&hwlist.iir;
-
 &hwlist.ips;
 
 &hwlist.isci;
@@ -292,7 +296,7 @@ EISA adapters are not supported.
 EISA adapters are not supported.
 ====
 
-&hwlist.mly;
+&hwlist.mmcsd;
 
 &hwlist.mpi3mr;
 
@@ -306,11 +310,7 @@ EISA adapters are not supported.
 
 &hwlist.mvs;
 
-&hwlist.ncr;
-
-&hwlist.ncv;
-
-&hwlist.nsp;
+&hwlist.nda;
 
 &hwlist.ocs_fc;
 
@@ -318,21 +318,17 @@ EISA adapters are not supported.
 
 &hwlist.pst;
 
+&hwlist.sdhci;
+
 &hwlist.siis;
 
 &hwlist.smartpqi;
 
-&hwlist.stg;
-
 &hwlist.sym;
 
-&hwlist.trm;
-
-&hwlist.twa;
-
 &hwlist.tws;
 
-&hwlist.vpo;
+&hwlist.ufshci;
 
 With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is provided for SCSI-I, SCSI-II, and SCSI-III peripherals, including hard disks, optical disks, tape drives (including DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, and DLT), medium changers, processor target devices and CD-ROM drives.
 WORM devices that support CD-ROM commands are supported for read-only access by the CD-ROM drivers (such as man:cd[4]).
@@ -354,17 +350,15 @@ The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at this time:
 
 &hwlist.ale;
 
-&hwlist.altera_atse;
-
 &hwlist.aue;
 
 &hwlist.axe;
 
-ASIX Electronics AX88178A/AX88179 USB Gigabit Ethernet adapters (man:axge[4] driver)
+&hwlist.axge;
 
 &hwlist.bce;
 
-[amd64, i386] Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet adapters (man:bfe[4] driver)
+The man:bfe[4] driver supports Broadcom BCM4401-based Fast Ethernet devices.
 
 &hwlist.bge;
 
@@ -386,21 +380,17 @@ ASIX Electronics AX88178A/AX88179 USB Gigabit Ethernet adapters (man:axge[4] dri
 
 &hwlist.dc;
 
-&hwlist.de;
-
 &hwlist.man4.powerpc/dtsec;
 
-&hwlist.ed;
-
 &hwlist.em;
 
-FreeBSD kernel driver for Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) family (man:ena[4] driver)
+The man:ena[4] driver supports the AWS EC2 Elastic Network Adapter.
 
 &hwlist.enic;
 
 &hwlist.man4.i386/ep;
 
-Agere ET1310 Gigabit Ethernet adapters (man:et[4] driver)
+&hwlist.et;
 
 &hwlist.man4.i386/ex;
 
@@ -531,7 +521,7 @@ The man:gve[4] driver supports the Google Cloud Compute Engine (GCE) Virtual NIC
 
 The man:adm6996fc[4] driver supports the Infineon ADM6996FC Fast Ethernet switch controller.
 
-&hwlist.ar40xx;
+&hwlist.man4.arm/ar40xx;
 
 &hwlist.arswitch;
 
@@ -578,6 +568,8 @@ The *ukswitch* driver is designed to support potentially unknown Ethernet Switch
 
 Marvell 88W8363 IEEE 802.11n wireless network adapters (man:mwl[4] driver)
 
+&hwlist.mtw;
+
 &hwlist.otus;
 
 &hwlist.ral;
@@ -634,15 +626,31 @@ Marvell 88W8363 IEEE 802.11n wireless network adapters (man:mwl[4] driver)
 
 &hwlist.uark;
 
+&hwlist.ubsa;
+
+&hwlist.ubser;
+
 &hwlist.uchcom;
 
 &hwlist.ucycom;
 
+&hwlist.uftdi;
+
+&hwlist.umcs;
+
+&hwlist.umct;
+
+&hwlist.umoscom;
+
+&hwlist.uplcom;
+
+&hwlist.uslcom;
+
+&hwlist.uvscom;
+
 [[sound]]
 === Sound Devices
 
-&hwlist.snd_ad1816;
-
 &hwlist.snd_als4000;
 
 &hwlist.snd_atiixp;
@@ -653,8 +661,6 @@ Marvell 88W8363 IEEE 802.11n wireless network adapters (man:mwl[4] driver)
 
 &hwlist.snd_csa;
 
-&hwlist.snd_ds1;
-
 &hwlist.snd_emu10k1;
 
 &hwlist.snd_emu10kx;
@@ -665,47 +671,32 @@ Marvell 88W8363 IEEE 802.11n wireless network adapters (man:mwl[4] driver)
 
 &hwlist.snd_es137x;
 
-&hwlist.snd_ess;
-
 &hwlist.snd_fm801;
 
-&hwlist.snd_gusc;
-
 &hwlist.snd_hda;
 
 &hwlist.snd_hdspe;
 
 &hwlist.snd_ich;
 
-&hwlist.snd_maestro;
-
 &hwlist.snd_maestro3;
 
-&hwlist.snd_mss;
-
 &hwlist.snd_neomagic;
 
-&hwlist.snd_sbc;
-
 &hwlist.snd_solo;
 
 &hwlist.snd_spicds;
 
 &hwlist.snd_t4dwave;
 
+&hwlist.snd_uaudio;
+
 &hwlist.snd_via8233;
 
 &hwlist.snd_via82c686;
 
 &hwlist.snd_vibes;
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-&hwlist.bktr;
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
-
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
 
@@ -714,20 +705,14 @@ Owing to the generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions any device
 
 [NOTE]
 ====
-USB network interfaces can be found in <<ethernet,Ethernet Interfaces>> or <<wlan,Wireless Network Interfaces>>.
-====
-
-[NOTE]
-====
 USB Bluetooth adapters can be found in <<bluetooth,Bluetooth>>.
-====
 
-[NOTE]
-====
 USB human interface devices can be found in <<misc,Miscellaneous>>.
-====
 
-Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
+USB network interfaces can be found in <<ethernet,Ethernet Interfaces>> or <<wlan,Wireless Network Interfaces>>.
+
+USB serial interfaces can be found in <<serial,Serial Interfaces>>.
+====
 
 &hwlist.atp;
 
@@ -739,6 +724,8 @@ Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
 
 &hwlist.man4.powerpc/ams;
 
+The man:ehci[4] driver supports USB 2.0 controllers implementing the Enhanced Host Controller Interface standard.
+
 &hwlist.ohci;
 
 &hwlist.ugold;
@@ -747,17 +734,7 @@ Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
 
 &hwlist.uipaq;
 
-[amd64, i386] USB 2.0 controllers using the EHCI interface (man:ehci[4] driver)
-
-[amd64, i386] Hubs
-
-[amd64, i386] Miscellaneous
-
-* Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1
-* ActiveWire I/O Board
-* Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus
-* D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (man:ufm[4] driver)
-* Mirunet AlphaCam Plus
+&hwlist.umass;
 
 &hwlist.urio;
 
@@ -767,26 +744,10 @@ Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
 
 &hwlist.ulpt;
 
-&hwlist.ubsa;
-
-&hwlist.ubser;
-
-&hwlist.uftdi;
-
-&hwlist.uplcom;
-
-&hwlist.umcs;
-
 &hwlist.umct;
 
-[amd64, i386] Audio Devices (man:uaudio[4] driver)
-
-&hwlist.uslcom;
-
 &hwlist.uvisor;
 
-&hwlist.uvscom;
-
 &hwlist.xhci;
 
 [[firewire]]
@@ -799,8 +760,6 @@ Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
 [[bluetooth]]
 === Bluetooth Devices
 
-&hwlist.ng_bt3c;
-
 &hwlist.ng_ubt;
 
 [[crypto-accel]]
@@ -895,6 +854,6 @@ Information regarding specific video cards and compatibility with Xorg can be fo
 
 &hwlist.ow_temp;
 
-&hwlist.sdhci;
-
 &hwlist.superio;
+
+&hwlist.u2f;
diff --git a/website/config/_default/languages.ru.toml b/website/config/_default/languages.ru.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7dfbab8551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/config/_default/languages.ru.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+title = "The FreeBSD Project"
+contentDir = "content/ru"
+languageName = "Russian"
+weight = 12
diff --git a/website/content/en/administration.adoc b/website/content/en/administration.adoc
index c09e13f9ba..dd6502158b 100644
--- a/website/content/en/administration.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/administration.adoc
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ The https://www.freebsd.org/portmgr/charter/[portmgr team charter] describes the
 * {pizzamig}
 * {rene}
 * {tcberner} (Secretary)
+* {dvl}
 
 '''
 
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ The Core Team Secretary is also responsible for writing and sending out monthly
 
 The FreeBSD Documentation Engineering Team Secretary is a non-voting member of the Documentation Engineering Team, responsible for documenting the work done by doceng, keeping track of voting procedures, and to be an interface to the other teams, especially the admin and Core teams.
 
-* {fernape}
+There is currently no Documentation Engineering Team Secretary appointed; emails are being forwarded to the Documentation Engineering Team.
 
 [[t-portmgr-secretary]]
 == Ports Management Team Secretary <portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org>
@@ -234,6 +235,8 @@ Email sent to the Backups Team is handled by the Cluster Administrators.
 The Bugmeister Team is responsible for ensuring that the problem report software is in working order, that the entries are correctly categorised and that there are no invalid entries.
 
 * {linimon}
+* Siva Mahadevan <mailto:me@svmhdvn.name[]>
+* {ziaee}
 
 [[t-clusteradm]]
 == Cluster Administrators <clusteradm@>
diff --git a/website/content/en/cgi/man.cgi b/website/content/en/cgi/man.cgi
index 7783a722a7..65205c3736 100755
--- a/website/content/en/cgi/man.cgi
+++ b/website/content/en/cgi/man.cgi
@@ -334,6 +334,7 @@ $sectionpath = {
     'openSUSE 15.4' => { 'path' => '0p:1:1p:2:3:3p:4:5:6:7:8:9:g:n' },
     'openSUSE 15.5' => { 'path' => '0p:1:1p:2:3:3p:4:5:6:7:8:9:g:n' },
     'openSUSE 15.6' => { 'path' => '0p:1:1p:2:3:3p:4:5:6:7:8:9:g:n' },
+    'openSUSE 16.0' => { 'path' => '0p:1:1p:2:3:3p:4:5:6:7:8:9:g:n' },
 };
 
 foreach my $os ( keys %$sectionpath ) {
@@ -436,9 +437,11 @@ $manPathDefault = 'FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE and Ports';
     'FreeBSD 6.4-RELEASE and Ports',
 "$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-6.4-RELEASE/man:$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-6.4-RELEASE/openssl/man:$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-ports-6.2-RELEASE",
 
-    'FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT',
-"$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-15.0-CURRENT/man:$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-15.0-CURRENT/openssl/man",
+    'FreeBSD 16.0-CURRENT',
+"$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-16.0-CURRENT/man:$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-16.0-CURRENT/openssl/man",
 
+    'FreeBSD 15.0-STABLE',
+"$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-15.0-STABLE/man:$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-15.0-STABLE/openssl/man",
     'FreeBSD 14.3-STABLE',
 "$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-14.3-STABLE/man:$manLocalDir/FreeBSD-14.3-STABLE/openssl/man",
     'FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE',
@@ -927,6 +930,7 @@ $manPathDefault = 'FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE and Ports';
     'openSUSE 15.4', "$manLocalDir/openSUSE-15.4",
     'openSUSE 15.5', "$manLocalDir/openSUSE-15.5",
     'openSUSE 15.6', "$manLocalDir/openSUSE-15.6",
+    'openSUSE 16.0', "$manLocalDir/openSUSE-16.0",
 
     'Debian 2.0.0', "$manLocalDir/Debian-2.0r0/man:$manLocalDir/Debian-2.0r0/misc",
     'Debian 2.2.7', "$manLocalDir/Debian-2.2r7/man:$manLocalDir/Debian-2.2r7/misc",
@@ -940,7 +944,8 @@ $manPathDefault = 'FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE and Ports';
     'Debian 10.13.0', "$manLocalDir/Debian-10.13.0/man:$manLocalDir/Debian-10.13.0/misc",
     'Debian 11.11.0', "$manLocalDir/Debian-11.11.0/man:$manLocalDir/Debian-11.11.0/misc",
     'Debian 12.11.0', "$manLocalDir/Debian-12.11.0/man:$manLocalDir/Debian-12.11.0/misc",
-    'Debian 13.0 unstable', "$manLocalDir/Debian-unstable/man:$manLocalDir/Debian-unstable/misc",
+    'Debian 13.1.0', "$manLocalDir/Debian-13.1.0/man:$manLocalDir/Debian-13.1.0/misc",
+    'Debian 14.0 unstable', "$manLocalDir/Debian-unstable/man:$manLocalDir/Debian-unstable/misc",
 
     'Ubuntu 23.10 mantic', "$manLocalDir/Ubuntu-mantic-23.10/man:$manLocalDir/Ubuntu-mantic-23.10/misc",
 
@@ -996,8 +1001,9 @@ $manPathDefault = 'FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE and Ports';
     # alias SunOS 0.4, apparently released in April 1983 based on 4.2BSD beta
     'Sun UNIX 0.4', "$manLocalDir/Sun-UNIX-0.4",
 
-    'macOS 15.5.0',   "$manLocalDir/macOS-15.5.0/man:$manLocalDir/macOS-15.5.0/developer-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-15.5.0/developer-platform-sdk-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-15.5.0/xctoolchain-man",  
-    'macOS 14.7.5', "$manLocalDir/macOS-14.7.5/man:$manLocalDir/macOS-14.7.5/developer-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-14.7.5/developer-platform-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-14.7.5/developer-platform-sdk-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-14.7.5/xctoolchain-man",  
+    'macOS 26.0',   "$manLocalDir/macOS-26.0/man:$manLocalDir/macOS-26.0/developer-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-26.0/developer-platform-sdk-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-26.0/xctoolchain-man",  
+    'macOS 15.7',   "$manLocalDir/macOS-15.7/man:$manLocalDir/macOS-15.7/developer-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-15.7/developer-platform-sdk-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-15.7/xctoolchain-man",  
+    'macOS 14.8',   "$manLocalDir/macOS-14.8/man:$manLocalDir/macOS-14.8/developer-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-14.8/developer-platform-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-14.8/developer-platform-sdk-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-14.8/xctoolchain-man",  
     'macOS 13.6.5', "$manLocalDir/macOS-13.6.5/man:$manLocalDir/macOS-13.6.5/developer-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-13.6.5/developer-platform-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-13.6.5/developer-platform-sdk-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-13.6.5/xctoolchain-man",  
     'macOS 12.7.3', "$manLocalDir/macOS-12.7.3/man:$manLocalDir/macOS-12.7.3/developer-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-12.7.3/developer-platform-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-12.7.3/developer-platform-sdk-man:$manLocalDir/macOS-12.7.3/xctoolchain-man",
     'macOS 11.1',    "$manLocalDir/macOS-11.1",
@@ -1206,23 +1212,24 @@ while ( ( $key, $val ) = each %manPath ) {
     'freebsd',         'FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE',
     'freebsd-release', 'FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE',
 
-    'freebsd-stable',   'FreeBSD 14.3-STABLE',
+    'freebsd-stable',   'FreeBSD 15.0-STABLE',
+    'freebsd-stable15', 'FreeBSD 15.0-STABLE',
     'freebsd-stable14', 'FreeBSD 14.3-STABLE',
     'freebsd-stable13', 'FreeBSD 13.5-STABLE',
 
-    'freebsd-current',       'FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT',
+    'freebsd-current',       'FreeBSD 16.0-CURRENT',
     'freebsd-release-ports', 'FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE and Ports',
     'freebsd-ports', 'FreeBSD Ports 14.3.quarterly',
 
     'slackware',  'Linux Slackware 3.1',
     'redhat',     'Red Hat 9',
     'suse',       'SuSE 11.3',
-    'debian',     'Debian 12.11.0',
+    'debian',     'Debian 13.1.0',
     'ubuntu',     'Ubuntu 24.04 noble',
     'dragonfly',  'DragonFly 6.4.0',
     'centos',     'CentOS 7.9',
     'rocky',      'Rocky 10.0',
-    'linux',      'Debian 12.11.0',
+    'linux',      'Debian 13.1.0',
     'darwin',     'Darwin 8.0.1/ppc',
     'opendarwin', 'OpenDarwin 7.2.1',
     'macosx',     'Darwin 8.0.1/ppc',
@@ -1242,7 +1249,7 @@ while ( ( $key, $val ) = each %manPath ) {
     'sunos5',        'SunOS 5.10',
     'sunos4',        'SunOS 4.1.3',
     'sunos',         'SunOS 4.1.3',
-    'macos',         'macOS 15.5.0',
+    'macos',         'macOS 26.0',
     'plan9',         'Plan 9',
     'osf1',          'OSF1 V5.1/alpha',
     'true64',        'OSF1 V5.1/alpha',
diff --git a/website/content/en/community/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/community/_index.adoc
index cef3ed430f..1089705480 100644
--- a/website/content/en/community/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/community/_index.adoc
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ Last year there were {{< get-event-last-year-info "events" >}} events around the
 Last year there were {{< get-event-last-year-info "events" >}} events in {{< get-event-last-year-info "countries" >}} different countries around the world.
 ////
 
-On twitter, you can follow https://twitter.com/freebsd[@freebsd], https://twitter.com/freebsdhelp[@freebsdhelp], or https://twitter.com/freebsdcore[@freebsdcore].
-
 On Reddit, you can find the FreeBSD community link:https://www.reddit.com/r/freebsd/[here].
 
 Beyond officially run community spaces, there are many https://www.freebsd.org/usergroups/[User Groups], along with highly active FreeBSD communities on https://twitter.com/search?q=freebsd[Twitter], https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/freebsd[StackOverflow], https://serverfault.com/questions/tagged/freebsd[ServerFault], and https://www.meetup.com/topics/freebsd/[MeetUp.com], among many other technology-related spaces.
diff --git a/website/content/en/docproj/translations.adoc b/website/content/en/docproj/translations.adoc
index cf3f6ec413..ab9baa8840 100644
--- a/website/content/en/docproj/translations.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/docproj/translations.adoc
@@ -232,13 +232,9 @@ Handbook
 
 Documents available:
 
-* link:https://docs.freebsd.org/ru/books/faq/[FAQ]
-* link:https://www.freebsd.org/ru/[WWW]
-* link:http://www.freebsd.org.ua/docs.html[Other documents list]
-
-Documents currently being worked on:
-
-* link:http://www.freebsd.org.ua/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/[Handbook]
+* link:https://docs.freebsd.org/ru/[FreeBSD documentation]
+* link:https://docs.freebsd.org/ru/books/[Books]
+* link:https://docs.freebsd.org/ru/books/handbook/[Handbook]
 
 [[spanish]]
 == The FreeBSD Spanish Documentation Project
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2003.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2003.adoc
index 8be785d4da..28fd480492 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2003.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2003.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2003
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2004.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2004.adoc
index 6b169ef8b3..f39fd313d5 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2004.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2004.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2004
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2005.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2005.adoc
index d14fa7909a..5b319696f7 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2005.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2005.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2005
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2006.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2006.adoc
index f6284e3391..9afd2e2f0a 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2006.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2006.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2006
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2007.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2007.adoc
index 60837d412b..e838343f48 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2007.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2007.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2007
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2008.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2008.adoc
index 4bd3c336ee..02e4de5c0c 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2008.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2008.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2008
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2009.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2009.adoc
index d3a2ef7c99..ac88d5aeb4 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2009.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2009.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2009
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2010.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2010.adoc
index b6ea650cd6..83b07176c2 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2010.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2010.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2010
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2011.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2011.adoc
index eae4fc9679..bd368f023d 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2011.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2011.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2011
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2012.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2012.adoc
index 10c3d5eb77..7fba506c0e 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2012.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2012.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2012
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2013.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2013.adoc
index 5fd0d45c64..ad0d1cb238 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2013.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2013.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2013
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2014.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2014.adoc
index e635ab1379..548b59d71f 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2014.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2014.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2014
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2015.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2015.adoc
index 684e7e6e86..e32c1c1411 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2015.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2015.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2015
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2016.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2016.adoc
index 83c4e0c5f1..cef6741818 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2016.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2016.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2016
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2017.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2017.adoc
index 4723378198..4b8038ffc2 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2017.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2017.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2017
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2018.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2018.adoc
index f8e8d1418c..4687c72371 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2018.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2018.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2018
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2019.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2019.adoc
index 6c7f31a224..51d439cc76 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2019.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2019.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2019
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2020.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2020.adoc
index 4a7766fd22..a078b71fe8 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2020.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2020.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2020
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2021.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2021.adoc
index 22af582d92..9d6ff930bf 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2021.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2021.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2021
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/2022.adoc b/website/content/en/events/2022.adoc
index 00ed6feee7..01572c2137 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/2022.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/2022.adoc
@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ year: 2022
 = FreeBSD Past Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/events/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/events/_index.adoc
index 41ac0fc4f8..b013917568 100644
--- a/website/content/en/events/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/events/_index.adoc
@@ -6,5 +6,3 @@ sidenav: community
 = FreeBSD Events
 
 Please send details of any FreeBSD related events or events that are of interest for FreeBSD users which are not listed here to freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
-
-Countries and regions displayed in dark red on the map below are hosting upcoming FreeBSD-related events. Countries that have hosted FreeBSD-related events in the past show up in yellow or orange, with darker colors representing a larger number of previous events.
diff --git a/website/content/en/internal/about.adoc b/website/content/en/internal/about.adoc
index 1d50c99c86..8e86eb6490 100644
--- a/website/content/en/internal/about.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/internal/about.adoc
@@ -14,10 +14,8 @@ image:../../gifs/powerlogo.gif[Powered by FreeBSD]
 
 Naturally, all systems in the FreeBSD.org cluster run FreeBSD. The hardware and network connection have been generously provided by:
 
-* https://www.bytemark.co.uk/[Bytemark Hosting]
 * Cloud and SDN Laboratory at https://www.bbtower.co.jp/en/corporate/[BroadBand Tower, Inc]
 * https://www.cs.nycu.edu.tw/[Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University]
-* https://deploy.equinix.com/[Equinix]
 * https://internet.asn.au/[Internet Association of Australia]
 * https://www.isc.org/[Internet Systems Consortium]
 * https://www.inx.net.za/[INX-ZA]
@@ -28,6 +26,7 @@ Naturally, all systems in the FreeBSD.org cluster run FreeBSD. The hardware and
 * https://nic.br/[NIC.br]
 * https://www.teleservice.net/[Teleservice SkĂ¥ne AB]
 * https://your.org/[Your.Org]
+* https://www.sonic.com/[Sonic.net, LLC]
 
 -- and other link:../../donations/donors[contributors] to the FreeBSD project.
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/internal/machines.adoc b/website/content/en/internal/machines.adoc
index 6827e5e568..19e7b64637 100644
--- a/website/content/en/internal/machines.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/internal/machines.adoc
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ These systems are available for FreeBSD developer / committer use. Reference sys
 [cols=",,,",options="header",]
 |===
 |Host |OS |Type |Purpose
-|freefall |15-CURRENT |amd64 |Shell Logins.
-|ref[15\|14\|13]-amd64 |X-STABLE |amd64 |Reference machine for general testing and Ports building.
-|ref[15\|14\|13]-i386 |X-STABLE |i386 |Reference machine for general testing and Ports building.
-|ref[15\|14\|13]-aarch64 |X-STABLE |arm64\|aarch64 |Reference machine for general testing and Ports building.
-|universe[15\|14\|13][a\|b] |X-STABLE |amd64 |Universe build machine for fast, large scale compiling.
+|freefall |16-CURRENT |amd64 |Shell Logins.
+|ref[16\|15\|14\|13]-amd64 |X-STABLE |amd64 |Reference machine for general testing and Ports building.
+|ref[14\|13]-i386 |X-STABLE |i386 |Reference machine for general testing and Ports building.
+|ref[16\|15\|14\|13]-aarch64 |X-STABLE |arm64\|aarch64 |Reference machine for general testing and Ports building.
+|universe[16\|15\|14\|13][a\|b] |X-STABLE |amd64 |Universe build machine for fast, large scale compiling.
 |===
 
 Machines are generally connected at 1Gbit/sec full-duplex to a dedicated switch with redundant gigabit uplinks. All systems have logged serial consoles and remote power management.
diff --git a/website/content/en/portmgr/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/portmgr/_index.adoc
index 2b4c6440ab..a7257c449a 100644
--- a/website/content/en/portmgr/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/portmgr/_index.adoc
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ The central reference book for FreeBSD ports submitters, maintainers, and commit
 * https://pkg-status.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Ports Build Cluster] +
 These machines continually build packages on all possible combinations of OS release and CPU architecture (in our terminology, `build environments`), and produce error logs of problems that are encountered along the way.
 
-* link:{releng}#release-build[FreeBSD Release Engineering for Third Party Packages] +
+* link:{freebsd-releng}[FreeBSD Release Engineering] +
 Describes the approach used by the FreeBSD release engineering team to produce a high quality package set suitable for official FreeBSD release media, with specific emphasis on how to split up the packages for the release media, and how to verify that a package set is consistent.
 
 * link:{committers-guide}[FreeBSD Committer's Guide] +
diff --git a/website/content/en/portmgr/policies_eol.adoc b/website/content/en/portmgr/policies_eol.adoc
index 3254d6d8e3..87d07d91d2 100644
--- a/website/content/en/portmgr/policies_eol.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/portmgr/policies_eol.adoc
@@ -26,43 +26,7 @@ The _Estimated EoL (end-of-life)_ column gives the earliest date on which that b
 [width="100%",cols="20%,20%,20%,20%,20%",options="header",]
 |===
 |Branch |Release |Package Branch |Package Set |Estimated EoL
-|stable/13 |n/a |releng/13.2 | |April 30, 2026
-|releng/13.2 |13.2-RELEASE |releng/13.2 a|
-* FreeBSD:13:aarch64
-* FreeBSD:13:amd64
-* FreeBSD:13:armv6
-* FreeBSD:13:armv7
-* FreeBSD:13:i386
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc64 (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc64le (only quarterly is updated)
-
-|June 5, 2024
-
-|releng/13.3 |13.3-RELEASE |releng/13.3 a|
-* FreeBSD:13:aarch64
-* FreeBSD:13:amd64
-* FreeBSD:13:armv6
-* FreeBSD:13:armv7
-* FreeBSD:13:i386
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc64 (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc64le (only quarterly is updated)
-
-|December 31, 2024
-
-|releng/13.4 |13.4-RELEASE |releng/13.4 a|
-* FreeBSD:13:aarch64
-* FreeBSD:13:amd64
-* FreeBSD:13:armv6
-* FreeBSD:13:armv7
-* FreeBSD:13:i386
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc64 (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:13:powerpc64le (only quarterly is updated)
-
-|June 30, 2025
-
+|stable/13 |n/a |releng/13.5 | |April 30, 2026
 |releng/13.5 |13.5-RELEASE |releng/13.5 a|
 * FreeBSD:13:aarch64
 * FreeBSD:13:amd64
@@ -75,41 +39,7 @@ The _Estimated EoL (end-of-life)_ column gives the earliest date on which that b
 
 |April 30, 2026
 
-|stable/14 |n/a |releng/14.0 | |November 30, 2028
-|releng/14.0 |14.0-RELEASE |releng/14.0 a|
-* FreeBSD:14:aarch64
-* FreeBSD:14:amd64
-* FreeBSD:14:armv6
-* FreeBSD:14:armv7
-* FreeBSD:14:i386
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc64 (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc64le (only quarterly is updated)
-
-|September 30, 2024
-
-|releng/14.1 |14.1-RELEASE |releng/14.1 a|
-* FreeBSD:14:aarch64
-* FreeBSD:14:amd64
-* FreeBSD:14:armv6
-* FreeBSD:14:armv7
-* FreeBSD:14:i386
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc64 (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc64le (only quarterly is updated)
-
-|March 31, 2025
-|releng/14.2 |14.2-RELEASE |releng/14.2 a|
-* FreeBSD:14:aarch64
-* FreeBSD:14:amd64
-* FreeBSD:14:armv6
-* FreeBSD:14:armv7
-* FreeBSD:14:i386
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc64 (only quarterly is updated)
-* FreeBSD:14:powerpc64le (only quarterly is updated)
-
-|September 30, 2025
+|stable/14 |n/a |releng/14.3 | |November 30, 2028
 |releng/14.3 |14.3-RELEASE |releng/14.3 a|
 * FreeBSD:14:aarch64
 * FreeBSD:14:amd64
@@ -122,12 +52,11 @@ The _Estimated EoL (end-of-life)_ column gives the earliest date on which that b
 
 |June 30, 2026
 |main |n/a |main a|
-* FreeBSD:15:aarch64
-* FreeBSD:15:amd64
-* FreeBSD:15:armv7
-* FreeBSD:15:powerpc
-* FreeBSD:15:powerpc64
-* FreeBSD:15:powerpc64le
+* FreeBSD:16:aarch64
+* FreeBSD:16:amd64
+* FreeBSD:16:armv7
+* FreeBSD:16:powerpc64
+* FreeBSD:16:powerpc64le
 |Best Effort
 |===
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/13.0R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/13.0R/hardware.adoc
index ed56549ee8..b391ed28fa 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/13.0R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/13.0R/hardware.adoc
@@ -2421,35 +2421,7 @@ The {{< manpage "snd_vibes" "4">}} driver supports audio devices based on the fo
 
 * S3 SonicVibes
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-The {{< manpage "bktr" "4">}} driver supports video capture cards based on the Brooktree Bt848/849/878/879 chips, as well as Pinnacle PCTV cards, including:
-
-* AOpen VA1000
-* AVerMedia AVerTV Studio
-* AVerMedia TF/FM-98
-* ATI TV Wonder VE
-* Hauppauge WinCast/TV
-* Hauppauge WinTV-Go-FM
-* Hauppauge WinTV-pci
-* Hauppauge WinTV-radio
-* Intel Smart Video Recorder III
-* KWORLD PCI TV Tuner
-* Miro PC TV
-* Pinnacle PCTV Pro
-* Pinnacle PCTV Rave
-* PixelView PlayTV PAK
-* PixelView PlayTV Pro (rev 4C, 9D)
-* SIGMA TV II
-* STB TV PCI Television Tuner
-* Super TV Tuner
-* TerraTec TValue
-* V-Stream XPERT TV-PVR 878
-* Video Highway XTreme
-* VideoLogic Captivator PCI
-    
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
+
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/13.1R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/13.1R/hardware.adoc
index 7c8069aabd..d531f702b5 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/13.1R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/13.1R/hardware.adoc
@@ -3444,11 +3444,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/13.2R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/13.2R/hardware.adoc
index 52803ab587..8c54825bfc 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/13.2R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/13.2R/hardware.adoc
@@ -3450,11 +3450,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/13.3R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/13.3R/hardware.adoc
index 0cb4d226c1..534bf846a8 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/13.3R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/13.3R/hardware.adoc
@@ -4027,11 +4027,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/13.4R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/13.4R/hardware.adoc
index a93f3d23f7..3deecae306 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/13.4R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/13.4R/hardware.adoc
@@ -4043,11 +4043,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/13.5R/errata.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/13.5R/errata.adoc
index 65a8414fb5..2afe7f2778 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/13.5R/errata.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/13.5R/errata.adoc
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see https://www.FreeBSD.org/
 |===
 |Advisory |Date |Topic
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:06.xz.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:06.xz] |2 July 2025 |Use-after-free in multi-threaded xz decoder
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive] |8 August 2025 |Integer overflow in libarchive leading to double free
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl] |30 September 2025 |Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL
 |===
 
 [[errata]]
@@ -56,6 +58,8 @@ For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see https://www.FreeBSD.org/
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:09.libc.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:09.libc] |2 July 2025 |Dynamically-loaded C++ libraries crashing at exit
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:10.zfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:10.zfs] |2 July 2025 |Corruption in ZFS replication streams from encrypted datasets
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:11.ena.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:11.ena] |2 July 2025 |ena resets and kernel panic on Nitro v4 or newer instances
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64] |16 September 2025 |arm64 syscall(2) allows unprivileged user to panic kernel
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update] |30 September 2025 |freebsd-update(8) installs libraries in incorrect order
 |===
 
 [[open-issues]]
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/13.5R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/13.5R/hardware.adoc
index e34b897147..129f8570a2 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/13.5R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/13.5R/hardware.adoc
@@ -4052,11 +4052,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.0R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.0R/hardware.adoc
index baf3e45d24..48d7ea657a 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/14.0R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.0R/hardware.adoc
@@ -3760,11 +3760,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
@@ -3782,7 +3777,6 @@ Owing to the generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions any device
 [amd64, i386] USB Bluetooth adapters can be found in <<bluetooth,Bluetooth>> section.
 ====
 
-Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
 
 
 The
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.0R/relnotes.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.0R/relnotes.adoc
index 7a79c85cae..14d6e83b7a 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/14.0R/relnotes.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.0R/relnotes.adoc
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ A new man:fwget[8] utility inspects the system for peripherals that need firmwar
 For now, only the PCI subsystem is supported, and only video firmware for Intel and AMD GPUs is known.
 gitref:d198b8774d2c[repository=src] gitref:d198b8774d2c[repository=src] (Sponsored by Beckhoff Automation GmbH & Co. KG)
 
-The usability of man:head[1] and man:tail[1] has been improved by consistently supporting the `-q` and `-h` options, allowing numbers with SI suffixes, and removing the 2^31 limit on lines for man:head[1].
+The usability of man:head[1] and man:tail[1] has been improved by consistently supporting the `-q` and `-v` options, allowing numbers with SI suffixes, and removing the 2^31 limit on lines for man:head[1].
 gitref:643ac419fafb[repository=src]
 
 man:makefs[8] now has experimental ZFS support.
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.1R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.1R/hardware.adoc
index 9a896f5639..303d669496 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/14.1R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.1R/hardware.adoc
@@ -3767,11 +3767,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
@@ -3789,7 +3784,6 @@ Owing to the generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions any device
 [amd64, i386] USB Bluetooth adapters can be found in <<bluetooth,Bluetooth>> section.
 ====
 
-Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
 
 
 The
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.2R/errata.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.2R/errata.adoc
index 7336a110f7..762959f484 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/14.2R/errata.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.2R/errata.adoc
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see https://www.FreeBSD.org/
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:04.ktrace.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:04.ktrace] |29 January 2025 |Uninitialized kernel memory disclosure via ktrace(2)
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:05.openssh.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:05.openssh] |21 February 2025 |Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSH
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:06.xz.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:06.xz] |2 July 2025 |Use-after-free in multi-threaded xz decoder
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive] |8 August 2025 |Integer overflow in libarchive leading to double free
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl] |30 September 2025 |Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL
 |===
 
 [[errata]]
@@ -67,6 +69,9 @@ For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see https://www.FreeBSD.org/
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:09.libc.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:09.libc] |2 July 2025 |Dynamically-loaded C++ libraries crashing at exit
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:10.zfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:10.zfs] |2 July 2025 |Corruption in ZFS replication streams from encrypted datasets
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:11.ena.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:11.ena] |2 July 2025 |ena resets and kernel panic on Nitro v4 or newer instances
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route] |8 August 2025 |route(8) monitor buffers too much when redirected to a file
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64] |16 September 2025 |arm64 syscall(2) allows unprivileged user to panic kernel
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update] |30 September 2025 |freebsd-update(8) installs libraries in incorrect order
 |===
 
 [[open-issues]]
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.2R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.2R/hardware.adoc
index 88624c2e94..68175ffd12 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/14.2R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.2R/hardware.adoc
@@ -3841,11 +3841,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
@@ -3868,7 +3863,6 @@ USB Bluetooth adapters can be found in <<bluetooth,Bluetooth>>.
 USB human interface devices can be found in <<misc,Miscellaneous>>.
 ====
 
-Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
 
 
 The
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.3R/errata.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.3R/errata.adoc
index 7d1d562d66..facd1e4f7f 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/14.3R/errata.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.3R/errata.adoc
@@ -44,9 +44,8 @@ For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see https://www.FreeBSD.org/
 [width="100%",cols="40%,30%,30%",options="header",]
 |===
 |Advisory |Date |Topic
-
-|No advisories.||
-
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive] |8 August 2025 |Integer overflow in libarchive leading to double free
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl] |30 September 2025 |Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL
 |===
 
 [[errata]]
@@ -56,6 +55,13 @@ For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see https://www.FreeBSD.org/
 |===
 |Errata |Date |Topic
 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:10.zfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:10.zfs] |2 July 2025 |Corruption in ZFS replication streams from encrypted datasets
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi] |8 August 2025 |bsdinstall(8) not copying the correct loader on systems with
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip] |8 August 2025 |net80211 TKIP crypto support fails for some drivers
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route] |8 August 2025 |route(8) monitor buffers too much when redirected to a file
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64] |16 September 2025 |arm64 syscall(2) allows unprivileged user to panic kernel
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:16.vfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:16.vfs] |16 September 2025 |copy_file_range(2) fails to set output parameters
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:17.bnxt.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:17.bnxt] |16 September 2025 |bnxt(4) fails to set media type in some cases
+|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update] |30 September 2025 |freebsd-update(8) installs libraries in incorrect order
 |===
 
 [[open-issues]]
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.3R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.3R/hardware.adoc
index 5d5b1a4dba..920346d797 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/14.3R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.3R/hardware.adoc
@@ -4188,11 +4188,6 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
 
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
@@ -4215,7 +4210,6 @@ USB Bluetooth adapters can be found in <<bluetooth,Bluetooth>>.
 USB human interface devices can be found in <<misc,Miscellaneous>>.
 ====
 
-Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
 
 
 The
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4648f694f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD 14.4 Release Information"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:localRel: 14.4
+:localBranchStable: stable/14
+:localBranchReleng: releng/14.4
+
+= FreeBSD {localRel} Release Information
+
+== Introduction
+
+This is the index page for FreeBSD {localRel}.
+For more information about the release engineering process, please see the link:../../releng/[Release Engineering] section of the web site.
+
+== Detailed Information
+
+More detailed information
+//, such as release notes
+// and hardware notes,
+can be found at these pages:
+
+//link:announce/[FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE announcement] +
+//link:signatures/[FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE signed checksum files] +
+//link:installation/[FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE installation information] +
+//link:hardware/[FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE hardware information] +
+//link:relnotes/[FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE release notes] +
+//link:errata/[FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE errata] +
+//link:readme/[FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE readme] +
+link:schedule/[FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE schedule]
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/errata.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/errata.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f457121331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/errata.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE Errata"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:release: 14.4-RELEASE
+:releaseNext: 14.5-RELEASE
+:releaseBranch: 14-STABLE
+
+= FreeBSD {release} Errata
+
+== Abstract
+
+This document lists errata items for FreeBSD {release}, containing significant information discovered after the release or too late in the release cycle to be otherwise included in the release documentation.
+This information includes security advisories, as well as news relating to the software or documentation that could affect its operation or usability.
+An up-to-date version of this document should always be consulted before installing this version of FreeBSD.
+
+This errata document for FreeBSD {release} will be maintained until the release of FreeBSD {releaseNext}.
+
+== Table of Contents
+
+* <<intro,Introduction>>
+* <<security,Security Advisories>>
+* <<errata,Errata Notices>>
+* <<open-issues,Open Issues>>
+* <<late-news,Late-Breaking News>>
+
+[[intro]]
+== Introduction
+
+This errata document contains "late-breaking news" about FreeBSD {release}.
+Before installing this version, it is important to consult this document to learn about any post-release discoveries or problems that may already have been found and fixed.
+
+Any version of this errata document actually distributed with the release (for example, on a CDROM distribution) will be out of date by definition, but other copies are kept updated on the Internet and should be consulted as the "current errata" for this release.
+These other copies of the errata are located at https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/, plus any sites which keep up-to-date mirrors of this location.
+
+Source and binary snapshots of FreeBSD {releaseBranch} also contain up-to-date copies of this document (as of the time of the snapshot).
+
+For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/.
+
+[[security]]
+== Security Advisories
+
+[width="100%",cols="40%,30%,30%",options="header",]
+|===
+|Advisory |Date |Topic
+
+|No advisories.||
+
+|===
+
+[[errata]]
+== Errata Notices
+
+[width="100%",cols="40%,30%,30%",options="header",]
+|===
+|Errata |Date |Topic
+
+|No errata notices.||
+
+|===
+
+[[open-issues]]
+== Open Issues
+
+No open issues.
+
+[[late-news]]
+== Late-Breaking News
+
+No late-breaking news.
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/hardware.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbc47845b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/hardware.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,5058 @@
+---
+title: FreeBSD 14.4 Hardware Notes
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:localRel: X.Y
+:doctype: article
+:toc: macro
+:toclevels: 2
+:icons: font
+:sectnums:
+:source-highlighter: rouge
+:experimental:
+
+= FreeBSD {localRel} Hardware Notes
+
+toc::[]
+
+[[intro]]
+== Introduction
+
+This hardware compatibility note describes all hardware known to work with FreeBSD {localRel}.
+Other configurations may also work, but simply have not been tested yet.
+Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list are encouraged!
+
+[[proc]]
+== Supported Platforms
+
+This section describes the CPU architectures currently supported by the FreeBSD Platform projects, their support tiers, and the systems that are supported by each Platform.
+
+[[proc-amd64]]
+=== x86-64
+
+crossref:platforms[amd64,FreeBSD/amd64] supports x86-64 as a fully-supported, crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-1] architecture.
+Release media is expected to work on all x86-64 machines with at least 256 MiB of RAM.
+This release incorporates optimizations and enhancements to leverage the full capabilities of FreeBSD/amd64-based systems, delivering improved performance across a wide range of workloads.
+
+[[proc-arm-64]]
+=== AArch64
+
+crossref:platforms[arm64,FreeBSD/aarch64] supports 64-bit ARM (ARMv9 and ARMv8) as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-1] architecture.
+
+The following devices are currently supported:
+
+Ampere Computing:
+
+* Altra Max
+* Altra
+* eMAG
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner]:
+
+* Allwinner A64 SoC
+* A64-Olinuxino
+* Orange Pi PC2
+* Pine A64
+* Pine A64+
+* Pine A64+ 2GB
+* Pine A64-LTS
+* SOPINE
+* NanoPi A64
+* OrangePi PC2
+* NanoPI K1 Plus
+* Pine H64
+* Orange Pi 3 LTS
+
+AWS / Annapurna Labs:
+
+* Graviton
+* Graviton 2
+* Graviton 3
+
+Cavium:
+
+* ThunderX
+
+NXP Semiconductors:
+
+* LS1028A SoC
+* LS1046A SoC
+* LS1088A SoC
+* LX2160A SoC
+* Conclusive Engineering WHLE-LS1
+* SolidRun HoneyComb LX2
+* Traverse Technologies Ten64
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi]:
+
+* Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W
+* Raspberry Pi 3
+* Raspberry Pi 4
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/RockChip[RockChip]:
+
+* RK3328 SoC
+* RK3399 SoC
+* RK3566 SoC
+* RK3568 SoC
+* NanoPC-T4
+* NanoPi R2S
+* NanoPi R2S-Plus
+* NanoPi R4S
+* Radxa
+* Pinebook Pro
+* Rock64
+* RockPro64
+
+Zedboard:
+
+* Zynq 7000 SoC
+
+[[proc-arm-32]]
+=== AArch32
+
+crossref:platforms[armv7,FreeBSD/armv7] supports 32-bit ARM (ARM-v7 and up) as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
+
+The following devices are currently supported:
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner]:
+
+* Allwinner A10 SoC
+* Allwinner A13/R8 SoC
+* Allwinner A20 SoC
+* Allwinner A31 & A31s SoC
+* Allwinner A83T SoC
+* Allwinner H3 & H2+ SoC
+* Allwinner H5 SoC
+* Allwinner H6 SoC
+* Cubieboard
+* A10-OlinuXino-Lime
+* A13-OLinuXino
+* Banana Pi
+* CubieBoard 2
+* Lamobo R1
+* Olimex A20 SOM
+* PCDuino3
+* BananaPi M3
+* Orange Pi +2E
+* OrangePi One
+* Orange Pi One Lite
+* Orange Pi PC
+* Orange Pi Zero
+* NanoPI NEO
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/imx6[NXP i.MX6]:
+
+* Wandboard
+* CuBox i
+* HummingBoard
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi]:
+
+* Raspberry Pi 2 (pre v1.2)
+
+[[proc-powerpc]]
+=== POWER
+
+FreeBSD supports 64-bit POWER as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
+
+crossref:platforms[powerpc,FreeBSD/powerpc64le] supports 64-bit, bi-endian POWER9 and POWER8, including:
+
+IBM:
+
+* Power System LC922 (POWER9)
+* Power System IC922 (POWER8)
+
+QEMU
+
+* PowerNV
+
+Raptor CS:
+
+* Talos II (POWER9)
+* Blackbird (POWER9)
+
+crossref:platforms[powerpc,FreeBSD/powerpc64] supports 64-bit, big-endian POWER7 through POWER4, including:
+
+A-EON:
+
+* AmigaONE X5000 (NXP QorIQ P5)
+
+Apple:
+
+* Power Mac G5 (PowerPC 970)
+* Xserve G5 (PowerPC 970)
+
+IBM:
+
+* pSeries VM
+
+[[proc-risc-v]]
+=== RISC-V
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv[FreeBSD/riscv64] supports 64-bit RISC-V as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
+
+RISC-V support represents a significant milestone in the evolution of this open-source operating system.
+FreeBSD was the first operating system to have bootable in-tree support for RISC-V, underscoring its commitment to embracing emerging hardware architectures.
+
+FreeBSD currently supports the following platforms:
+
+* HiFive Unleashed (SiFive FU540)
+* HiFive Unmatched (SiFive FU740)
+* StarFive VisionFive 2 (StarFive JH7110)
+* Spike
+* QEMU
+
+// The "Supported Devices" section of the release notes.
+// Generally processor-independent, with conditional text
+// inclusion handling any architecture-dependent text.
+
+// Within each subsection describing a class of hardware
+// (i.e. Ethernet interfaces), list broad groups of devices
+// alphabetically as paragraphs sorted alphabetically (frequently
+// these groups will be arranged by manufacturer, i.e. 3Com
+// Ethernet interfaces).
+
+// Where applicable, a "Miscellaneous" section may follow all
+// other named sections.
+
+// These guidelines are not hard-and-fast rules, and exceptions
+// will occur.  Following these guidelines (vague as they may be)
+// is highly recommended to try to keep the formatting of
+// this section consistent.
+
+// We give manpage references using the &man entities where
+// possible.  If a driver has no manpage (and consequently no
+// &man entity, we simply give the name of the driver).
+// Please avoid doing &man entity conversions unless you
+// know for sure that an entity and manpage exist; sweeps through
+// this file to fix "missed" conversions are likely to break the
+// build.
+
+[[support]]
+== Supported Devices
+
+This section describes the devices currently known to be supported by each device driver in FreeBSD.
+If the driver in question has a manual page in the FreeBSD base distribution (most should), it is referenced here.
+Information on usage, configuration, and specific models of supported devices, controllers, etc. can be found in the manual pages.
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+The device lists in this document are being generated automatically from FreeBSD manual pages.
+This means that some devices, which are supported by multiple drivers, may appear multiple times.
+====
+
+[[disk]]
+=== Disk Controllers
+
+
+Controllers supported by the
+**aac**
+driver include:
+
+*	Adaptec AAC-364
+*	Adaptec RAID 2045
+*	Adaptec RAID 2405
+*	Adaptec RAID 2445
+*	Adaptec RAID 2805
+*	Adaptec RAID 3085
+*	Adaptec RAID 31205
+*	Adaptec RAID 31605
+*	Adaptec RAID 5085
+*	Adaptec RAID 51205
+*	Adaptec RAID 51245
+*	Adaptec RAID 51605
+*	Adaptec RAID 51645
+*	Adaptec RAID 52445
+*	Adaptec RAID 5405
+*	Adaptec RAID 5445
+*	Adaptec RAID 5805
+*	Adaptec SAS RAID 3405
+*	Adaptec SAS RAID 3805
+*	Adaptec SAS RAID 4000SAS
+*	Adaptec SAS RAID 4005SAS
+*	Adaptec SAS RAID 4800SAS
+*	Adaptec SAS RAID 4805SAS
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2020SA ZCR
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2025SA ZCR
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2026ZCR
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2410SA
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2420SA
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2610SA
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2620SA
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2810SA
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 2820SA
+*	Adaptec SATA RAID 21610SA
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 2020ZCR
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 2025ZCR
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130SLP
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 2230SLP
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 2240S
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 3230S
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 3240S
+*	Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S
+*	Dell CERC SATA RAID 2
+*	Dell PERC 2/Si
+*	Dell PERC 2/QC
+*	Dell PERC 3/Si
+*	Dell PERC 3/Di
+*	Dell PERC 320/DC
+*	HP ML110 G2 (Adaptec SATA RAID 2610SA)
+*	HP NetRAID 4M
+*	IBM ServeRAID 8i
+*	IBM ServeRAID 8k
+*	IBM ServeRAID 8s
+*	ICP RAID ICP5045BL
+*	ICP RAID ICP5085BL
+*	ICP RAID ICP5085SL
+*	ICP RAID ICP5125BR
+*	ICP RAID ICP5125SL
+*	ICP RAID ICP5165BR
+*	ICP RAID ICP5165SL
+*	ICP RAID ICP5445SL
+*	ICP RAID ICP5805BL
+*	ICP RAID ICP5805SL
+*	ICP ICP5085BR SAS RAID
+*	ICP ICP9085LI SAS RAID
+*	ICP ICP9047MA SATA RAID
+*	ICP ICP9067MA SATA RAID
+*	ICP ICP9087MA SATA RAID
+*	ICP ICP9014RO SCSI RAID
+*	ICP ICP9024RO SCSI RAID
+*	Legend S220
+*	Legend S230
+*	Sun STK RAID REM
+*	Sun STK RAID EM
+*	SG-XPCIESAS-R-IN
+*	SG-XPCIESAS-R-EX
+*	AOC-USAS-S4i
+*	AOC-USAS-S8i
+*	AOC-USAS-S4iR
+*	AOC-USAS-S8iR
+*	AOC-USAS-S8i-LP
+*	AOC-USAS-S8iR-LP
+
+
+
+Controllers supported by the
+**aacraid**
+driver include:
+
+*	Adaptec ASR-6405(T|E)
+*	Adaptec ASR-6445
+*	Adaptec ASR-6805(T|E|Q|TQ)
+*	Adaptec ASR-7085
+*	Adaptec ASR-7805(Q)
+*	Adaptec ASR-70165
+*	Adaptec ASR-71605(E|Q)
+*	Adaptec ASR-71685
+*	Adaptec ASR-72405
+*	Adaptec Series 8 cards
+
+
+
+The
+**ahc**
+driver supports the following
+`SCSI`
+host adapter chips and
+`SCSI`
+controller cards:
+
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7770`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7850`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7860`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7870`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7880`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7890`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7891`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7892`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7895`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7896`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7897`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7899`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`274X(W)`
+*	Adaptec
+	`274X(T)`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2910`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2915`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2920C`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2930C`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2930U2`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940J`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940N`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940U`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940AU`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940UW`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940UW Dual`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940UW Pro`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940U2W`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2940U2B`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2950U2W`
+*	Adaptec
+	`2950U2B`
+*	Adaptec
+	`19160B`
+*	Adaptec
+	`29160B`
+*	Adaptec
+	`29160N`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3940`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3940U`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3940AU`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3940UW`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3940AUW`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3940U2W`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3950U2`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3960`
+*	Adaptec
+	`39160`
+*	Adaptec
+	`3985`
+*	Adaptec
+	`4944UW`
+*	Many motherboards with on-board
+	`SCSI`
+	support
+
+
+
+The
+**ahci**
+driver supports AHCI compatible controllers having PCI class 1 (mass storage),
+subclass 6 (SATA) and programming interface 1 (AHCI).
+
+Also, in cooperation with atamarvell and atajmicron drivers of ata(4),
+it supports AHCI part of legacy-PATA + AHCI-SATA combined controllers,
+such as JMicron JMB36x and Marvell 88SE61xx.
+
+The
+**ahci**
+driver also supports AHCI devices that act as PCI bridges for
+nvme(4)
+using Intel Rapid Storage Technology (RST).
+To use the
+nvme(4)
+device, either one must set the SATA mode in the BIOS to AHCI (from RST),
+or one must accept the performance with RST enabled due to interrupt sharing.
+FreeBSD
+will automatically detect AHCI devices with this extension that are in RST
+mode.
+When that happens,
+**ahci**
+will attach
+nvme(4)
+children to the
+**ahci**
+device.
+
+
+
+The
+**ahd**
+driver supports the following:
+
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7901`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7901A`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`AIC7902`
+	host adapter chip
+*	Adaptec
+	`29320`
+	host adapter
+*	Adaptec
+	`39320`
+	host adapter
+*	Many motherboards with on-board
+	`SCSI`
+	support
+
+
+
+The
+**arcmsr**
+driver supports the following cards:
+
+*	ARC-1110
+*	ARC-1120
+*	ARC-1130
+*	ARC-1160
+*	ARC-1170
+*	ARC-1110ML
+*	ARC-1120ML
+*	ARC-1130ML
+*	ARC-1160ML
+*	ARC-1200
+*	ARC-1201
+*	ARC-1203
+*	ARC-1210
+*	ARC-1212
+*	ARC-1213
+*	ARC-1214
+*	ARC-1216
+*	ARC-1220
+*	ARC-1222
+*	ARC-1223
+*	ARC-1224
+*	ARC-1226
+*	ARC-1230
+*	ARC-1231
+*	ARC-1260
+*	ARC-1261
+*	ARC-1270
+*	ARC-1280
+*	ARC-1210ML
+*	ARC-1220ML
+*	ARC-1231ML
+*	ARC-1261ML
+*	ARC-1280ML
+*	ARC-1380
+*	ARC-1381
+*	ARC-1680
+*	ARC-1681
+*	ARC-1880
+*	ARC-1882
+*	ARC-1883
+*	ARC-1884
+*	ARC-1886
+
+
+
+The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are:
+
+Acard:
+
+> ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R.
+
+ALI:
+
+> M5228, M5229, M5281, M5283, M5287, M5288, M5289.
+
+AMD:
+
+> AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111, CS5536.
+
+ATI:
+
+> IXP200, IXP300, IXP400, IXP600, IXP700, IXP800.
+
+CMD:
+
+> CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649.
+
+Cypress:
+
+> Cypress 82C693.
+
+Cyrix:
+
+> Cyrix 5530.
+
+HighPoint:
+
+> HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374.
+
+Intel:
+
+> 6300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5,
+> ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10, SCH, PCH.
+
+ITE:
+
+> IT8211F, IT8212F, IT8213F.
+
+JMicron:
+
+> JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368.
+
+Marvell
+
+> 88SE6101, 88SE6102, 88SE6111, 88SE6121, 88SE6141, 88SE6145.
+
+National:
+
+> SC1100.
+
+NetCell:
+
+> NC3000, NC5000.
+
+nVidia:
+
+> nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4,
+> MCP51, MCP55, MCP61, MCP65, MCP67, MCP73, MCP77, MCP79, MCP89.
+
+Promise:
+
+> PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270,
+> PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375,
+> PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580,
+> PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519,
+> PDC40718, PDC40719.
+
+ServerWorks:
+
+> HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8.
+
+Silicon Image:
+
+> SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512.
+
+SiS:
+
+> SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630,
+> SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962,
+> SIS963, SIS964, SIS965.
+
+VIA:
+
+> VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686,
+> VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237,
+> VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251, CX700, VX800, VX855, VX900.
+
+Some of above chips can be configured for AHCI mode.
+In such case they are supported by
+ahci(4)
+driver instead.
+
+Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard
+busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is
+also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is
+not known what the chipset can do and how to program it.
+
+
+
+Controllers supported by the
+**ciss**
+driver include:
+
+*	Compaq Smart Array 5300 (simple mode only)
+*	Compaq Smart Array 532
+*	Compaq Smart Array 5i
+*	HP Smart Array 5312
+*	HP Smart Array 6i
+*	HP Smart Array 641
+*	HP Smart Array 642
+*	HP Smart Array 6400
+*	HP Smart Array 6400 EM
+*	HP Smart Array E200
+*	HP Smart Array E200i
+*	HP Smart Array P212
+*	HP Smart Array P220i
+*	HP Smart Array P222
+*	HP Smart Array P230i
+*	HP Smart Array P400
+*	HP Smart Array P400i
+*	HP Smart Array P410
+*	HP Smart Array P410i
+*	HP Smart Array P411
+*	HP Smart Array P420
+*	HP Smart Array P420i
+*	HP Smart Array P421
+*	HP Smart Array P430
+*	HP Smart Array P430i
+*	HP Smart Array P431
+*	HP Smart Array P530
+*	HP Smart Array P531
+*	HP Smart Array P600
+*	HP Smart Array P721m
+*	HP Smart Array P731m
+*	HP Smart Array P800
+*	HP Smart Array P812
+*	HP Smart Array P830
+*	HP Smart Array P830i
+*	HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)
+*	HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)
+
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+[amd64, i386] Booting from these controllers is supported.
+EISA adapters are not supported.
+====
+
+
+The
+**hpt27xx**
+driver supports the following SAS
+controllers:
+
+*	HighPoint's RocketRAID 271x series
+*	HighPoint's RocketRAID 272x series
+*	HighPoint's RocketRAID 274x series
+*	HighPoint's RocketRAID 276x series
+*	HighPoint's RocketRAID 278x series
+
+
+
+The
+**hptiop**
+driver supports the following SAS and SATA RAID controllers:
+
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4522
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4521
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4520
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4322
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4321
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4320
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4311
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4310
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3640
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3622
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3620
+
+The
+**hptiop**
+driver also supports the following SAS and SATA RAID controllers that
+are already End-of-Life:
+
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4211
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 4210
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3560
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3540
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3530
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3522
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3521
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3520
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3511
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3510
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3410
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3320
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3220
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3122
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3120
+*	HighPoint RocketRAID 3020
+
+
+
+The
+**hptmv**
+driver supports the following ATA RAID
+controllers:
+
+*	HighPoint's RocketRAID 182x series
+
+
+
+The
+**hptnr**
+driver supports the following SATA
+controllers:
+
+*	HighPoint's DC7280 series
+*	HighPoint's Rocket R750 series
+
+
+
+The
+**hptrr**
+driver supports the following RAID
+controllers:
+
+*	RocketRAID 172x series
+*	RocketRAID 174x series
+*	RocketRAID 2210
+*	RocketRAID 222x series
+*	RocketRAID 2240
+*	RocketRAID 230x series
+*	RocketRAID 231x series
+*	RocketRAID 232x series
+*	RocketRAID 2340
+*	RocketRAID 2522
+
+
+
+The following controllers are supported by the
+**ida**
+driver:
+
+*	Compaq SMART Array 221
+*	Compaq Integrated SMART Array Controller
+*	Compaq SMART Array 4200
+*	Compaq SMART Array 4250ES
+*	Compaq SMART 3200 Controller
+*	Compaq SMART 3100ES Controller
+*	Compaq SMART-2/DH Controller
+*	Compaq SMART-2/SL Controller
+*	Compaq SMART-2/P Controller
+
+
+
+Controllers supported by the
+**ips**
+driver include:
+
+*	IBM ServeRAID 3H
+*	ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H
+*	ServeRAID Series 5
+*	ServeRAID 6i/6M
+*	ServeRAID 7t/7k/7M
+
+Newer ServeRAID controllers are supported by the
+aac(4)
+or
+mfi(4)
+driver.
+
+
+
+The
+**isci**
+driver provides support for Intel C600
+`SAS`
+controllers.
+
+
+
+The
+**isp**
+driver supports the following optical Fibre Chanel adapters:
+
+	Model:                               Speed:   Bus:  
+	Qlogic QLE2874 (2814)                64Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic QLE2870/QLE2872 (2812)        64Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic QLE2774 (2814)                32Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic QLE2770/QLE2772 (2812)        32Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic 2740/2742/2764 (2722/2714)    32Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic 2690/2692/2694 (2684/2692)    16Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic 267x/836x (2031/8031) FCoE    16Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic 256x (2532)                   8Gb      PCIe  
+	Qlogic 246x (2432)                   4Gb      PCIe  
+	Qlogic 2422                          4Gb      PCI-X
+
+
+
+The
+**mfi**
+driver supports the following hardware:
+
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 1078
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 8408E
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 8480E
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9240
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9260
+*	Dell PERC5
+*	Dell PERC6
+*	IBM ServeRAID M1015 SAS/SATA
+*	IBM ServeRAID M1115 SAS/SATA
+*	IBM ServeRAID M5015 SAS/SATA
+*	IBM ServeRAID M5110 SAS/SATA
+*	IBM ServeRAID-MR10i
+*	Intel RAID Controller SRCSAS18E
+*	Intel RAID Controller SROMBSAS18E
+
+
+
+The
+**mlx**
+driver supports the following Parallel SCSI RAID controllers:
+
+*	Mylex DAC960P (Wide Fast SCSI-2)
+*	Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Wide Fast SCSI-2)
+*	Mylex DAC960PDU (Ultra SCSI-3)
+*	Mylex DAC960PL (Wide Fast SCSI-2)
+*	Mylex DAC960PJ (Wide Ultra SCSI-3)
+*	Mylex DAC960PG (Wide Ultra SCSI-3)
+*	Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Wide Ultra SCSI-3)
+*	Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL) (Wide Ultra2 SCSI)
+*	Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1) (Wide Ultra2 SCSI)
+*	Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P) (Wide Ultra2 SCSI)
+*	RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB
+	cache), KZPAC-CA (3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)
+
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+[amd64, i386] Booting from these controllers is supported.
+EISA adapters are not supported.
+====
+
+
+
+These controllers are supported by the
+**mpi3mr**
+driver:
+
+*	Broadcom Ltd. SAS 4116 Tri-Mode RAID Adapter
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9670W-16i 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9670-24i 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9660-16i 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9620-16i 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9600-24i 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9600-16i 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9600W-16e 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9600-16e 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+*	Broadcom Ltd. 9600-8i8e 24G PCIe 4.0 Tri-Mode RAID Adapters
+
+
+
+These controllers are supported by the
+**mpr**
+driver:
+
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3004 (4 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3008 (8 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3108 (8 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3216 (16 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3224 (24 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3316 (16 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3324 (24 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3408 (8 Port SAS/PCIe)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3416 (16 Port SAS/PCIe)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3508 (8 Port SAS/PCIe)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3516 (16 Port SAS/PCIe)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3616 (16 Port SAS/PCIe)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3708 (8 Port SAS/PCIe)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3716 (16 Port SAS/PCIe)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3816 (16 Port SAS/PCIe)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3916 (16 Port SAS/PCIe)
+
+
+
+These controllers are supported by the
+**mps**
+driver:
+
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 2004 (4 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 2008 (8 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 2108 (8 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 2116 (16 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 2208 (8 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 2308 (8 Port SAS)
+*	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SSS6200 Solid State Storage
+*	Intel Integrated RAID Module RMS25JB040
+*	Intel Integrated RAID Module RMS25JB080
+*	Intel Integrated RAID Module RMS25KB040
+*	Intel Integrated RAID Module RMS25KB080
+
+
+
+The following controllers are supported by the
+**mpt**
+driver:
+
+*	LSI Logic 53c1030,
+	LSI Logic LSI2x320-X
+	(Single and Dual Ultra320
+	`SCSI`)
+*	LSI Logic AS1064,
+	LSI Logic AS1068
+	(`SAS/SATA`)
+*	LSI Logic FC909
+	(1Gb/s
+	`Fibre Channel`)
+*	LSI Logic FC909A
+	(Dual 1Gb/s
+	`Fibre Channel`)
+*	LSI Logic FC919,
+	LSI Logic 7102XP-LC
+	(Single 2Gb/s
+	`Fibre Channel`)
+*	LSI Logic FC929,
+	LSI Logic FC929X,
+	LSI Logic 7202XP-LC
+	(Dual 2Gb/s
+	`Fibre Channel`)
+*	LSI Logic FC949X
+	(Dual 4Gb/s
+	`Fibre Channel`)
+*	LSI Logic FC949E,
+	LSI Logic FC949ES
+	(Dual 4Gb/s
+	`Fibre Channel PCI-Express)`
+
+The
+`Ultra 320 SCSI`
+controller chips supported by the
+**mpt**
+driver can be found onboard on many systems including:
+
+*	Dell PowerEdge 1750 through 2850
+*	IBM eServer xSeries 335
+
+These systems also contain Integrated RAID Mirroring and Integrated
+RAID Mirroring Enhanced which this driver also supports.
+
+The
+`SAS`
+controller chips are also present on many new AMD/Opteron based systems,
+like the Sun 4100.
+Note that this controller can drive both SAS and SATA
+drives or a mix of them at the same time.
+The Integrated RAID Mirroring
+available for these controllers is poorly supported at best.
+
+The
+`Fibre Channel`
+controller chipset are supported by a broad variety of speeds and systems.
+The
+`Apple`
+Fibre Channel HBA is in fact the
+`FC949ES`
+card.
+
+This driver also supports target mode for Fibre Channel cards.
+This support may be enabled by setting the desired role of the core via
+the LSI Logic firmware utility that establishes what roles the card
+can take on - no separate compilation is required.
+
+
+
+The
+**mrsas**
+driver supports the following hardware:
+
+\[ Thunderbolt 6Gb/s MR controller ]
+
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9265
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9266
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9267
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9270
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9271
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9272
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9285
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9286
+*	DELL PERC H810
+*	DELL PERC H710/P
+
+\[ Invader/Fury 12Gb/s MR controller ]
+
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9380
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9361
+*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9341
+*	DELL PERC H830
+*	DELL PERC H730/P
+*	DELL PERC H330
+
+
+
+The
+**mvs**
+driver supports the following controllers:
+
+Gen-I (SATA 1.5Gbps):
+
+*	88SX5040
+*	88SX5041
+*	88SX5080
+*	88SX5081
+
+Gen-II (SATA 3Gbps, NCQ, PMP):
+
+*	88SX6040
+*	88SX6041 (including Adaptec 1420SA)
+*	88SX6080
+*	88SX6081
+
+Gen-IIe (SATA 3Gbps, NCQ, PMP with FBS):
+
+*	88SX6042
+*	88SX7042 (including Adaptec 1430SA)
+*	88F5182 SoC
+*	88F6281 SoC
+*	MV78100 SoC
+
+Note, that this hardware supports command queueing and FIS-based switching
+only for ATA DMA commands.
+ATAPI and non-DMA ATA commands executed one by one for each port.
+
+
+
+
+The
+**ocs\_fc**
+driver supports these Fibre Channel adapters:
+
+Emulex 16/8G FC GEN 5 HBAS
+
+> > LPe15004 FC Host Bus Adapters
+> > LPe160XX FC Host Bus Adapters
+
+Emulex 32/16G FC GEN 6 HBAS
+
+> > LPe3100X FC Host Bus Adapters
+> > LPe3200X FC Host Bus Adapters
+
+Emulex 64/32G FC GEN 7 HBAS
+
+> > LPe3500X FC Host Bus Adapters
+
+
+
+The
+**pms**
+driver supports the following hardware:
+
+*	Tachyon TS Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon TL Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon XL2 Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon DX2 Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon DX2+ Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon DX4+ Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon QX2 Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon QX4 Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon DE4 Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon QE4 Fibre Channel Card
+*	Tachyon XL10 Fibre Channel Card
+*	PMC Sierra SPC SAS-SATA Card
+*	PMC Sierra SPC-V SAS-SATA Card
+*	PMC Sierra SPC-VE SAS-SATA Card
+*	PMC Sierra SPC-V 16 Port SAS-SATA Card
+*	PMC Sierra SPC-VE 16 Port SAS-SATA Card
+*	PMC Sierra SPC-V SAS-SATA Card 12Gig
+*	PMC Sierra SPC-VE SAS-SATA Card 12Gig
+*	PMC Sierra SPC-V 16 Port SAS-SATA Card 12Gig
+*	PMC Sierra SPC-VE 16 Port SAS-SATA Card 12Gig
+*	Adaptec Hialeah 4/8 Port SAS-SATA HBA Card 6Gig
+*	Adaptec Hialeah 4/8 Port SAS-SATA RAID Card 6Gig
+*	Adaptec Hialeah 8/16 Port SAS-SATA HBA Card 6Gig
+*	Adaptec Hialeah 8/16 Port SAS-SATA RAID Card 6Gig
+*	Adaptec Hialeah 8/16 Port SAS-SATA HBA Encryption Card 6Gig
+*	Adaptec Hialeah 8/16 Port SAS-SATA RAID Encryption Card 6Gig
+*	Adaptec Delray 8 Port SAS-SATA HBA Card 12Gig
+*	Adaptec Delray 8 Port SAS-SATA HBA Encryption Card 12Gig
+*	Adaptec Delray 16 Port SAS-SATA HBA Card 12Gig
+*	Adaptec Delray 16 Port SAS-SATA HBA Encryption Card 12Gig
+
+
+
+The
+**pst**
+driver supports the Promise Supertrak SX6000 ATA hardware RAID
+controller.
+
+
+
+The
+**sdhci**
+driver supports different specification compatible chips.
+The following chips have been verified to work:
+
+*	ENE CB712
+*	ENE CB714
+*	RICOH R5C822
+*	RICOH R5CE823
+*	TI PCIXX21/XX11/XX12
+
+
+
+The
+**siis**
+driver supports the following controller chips:
+
+*	SiI3124 (PCI-X 133MHz/64bit, 4 ports)
+*	SiI3131 (PCIe 1.0 x1, 1 port)
+*	SiI3132 (PCIe 1.0 x1, 2 ports)
+*	SiI3531 (PCIe 1.0 x1, 1 port)
+
+
+
+Controllers supported by the
+**smartpqi**
+driver include, but not limited to:
+
+*	HPE Gen10 Smart Array Controller Family
+*	Adaptec SmartRaid and SmartHBA Controllers
+*	OEM Controllers based on the Microchip Technology Inc. SmartROC
+	and SmartIOC Chipsets
+
+
+
+The
+**sym**
+driver provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI
+controllers:
+
+*	`53C810`
+*	`53C810A`
+*	`53C815`
+*	`53C825`
+*	`53C825A`
+*	`53C860`
+*	`53C875`
+*	`53C876`
+*	`53C895`
+*	`53C895A`
+*	`53C896`
+*	`53C897`
+*	`53C1000`
+*	`53C1000R`
+*	`53C1010-33`
+*	`53C1010-66`
+*	`53C1510D`
+
+The SCSI controllers supported by
+**sym**
+can be either embedded on a motherboard, or on
+one of the following add-on boards:
+
+*	ASUS SC-200, SC-896
+*	Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)
+*	DawiControl DC2976UW
+*	Diamond FirePort (all)
+*	NCR cards (all)
+*	Symbios cards (all)
+*	Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W
+*	Tyan S1365
+
+
+
+The
+**tws**
+driver supports the following SATA/SAS RAID controller:
+
+*	LSI's 3ware SAS 9750 series
+
+
+
+With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is provided for SCSI-I, SCSI-II, and SCSI-III peripherals, including hard disks, optical disks, tape drives (including DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, and DLT), medium changers, processor target devices and CD-ROM drives.
+WORM devices that support CD-ROM commands are supported for read-only access by the CD-ROM drivers (such as man:cd[4]).
+WORM/CD-R/CD-RW writing support is provided by man:cdrecord[1], which is a part of the package:sysutils/cdrtools[] port in the Ports Collection.
+
+The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at this time:
+
+* SCSI interface (also includes ProAudio Spectrum and SoundBlaster SCSI) (man:cd[4])
+* ATAPI IDE interface (man:acd[4])
+
+[[ethernet]]
+=== Ethernet Interfaces
+
+
+The
+**ae**
+driver supports Attansic/Atheros L2 PCIe FastEthernet controllers, and
+is known to support the following hardware:
+
+*	ASUS EeePC 701
+*	ASUS EeePC 900
+
+Other hardware may or may not work with this driver.
+
+
+
+The
+**age**
+driver provides support for LOMs based on
+Attansic/Atheros L1 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including:
+
+*	ASUS M2N8-VMX
+*	ASUS M2V
+*	ASUS M3A
+*	ASUS P2-M2A590G
+*	ASUS P5B-E
+*	ASUS P5B-MX/WIFI-AP
+*	ASUS P5B-VMSE
+*	ASUS P5K
+*	ASUS P5KC
+*	ASUS P5KPL-C
+*	ASUS P5KPL-VM
+*	ASUS P5K-SE
+*	ASUS P5K-V
+*	ASUS P5L-MX
+*	ASUS P5DL2-VM
+*	ASUS P5L-VM 1394
+*	ASUS G2S
+
+
+
+The
+**alc**
+device driver provides support for the following Ethernet controllers:
+
+*	Atheros AR8131 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8132 PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8151 v1.0 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8151 v2.0 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8152 v1.1 PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8152 v2.0 PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8161 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8162 PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8171 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8172 PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
+*	Killer E2200 Gigabit Ethernet controller
+*	Killer E2400 Gigabit Ethernet controller
+*	Killer E2500 Gigabit Ethernet controller
+
+
+
+The
+**ale**
+device driver provides support for the following Ethernet controllers:
+
+*	Atheros AR8113 PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8114 PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
+*	Atheros AR8121 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
+
+
+
+The
+**aue**
+driver supports the following USB Fast Ethernet adapters based on the
+ADMtek AN986 Pegasus chipset:
+
+*	Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX\_NA
+*	Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream
+*	ADMtek AN986, AN8511
+*	Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100
+*	Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS
+*	D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA
+*	Elecom LD-USBL/TX
+*	Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet
+*	HP hn210e
+*	I-O Data USB ETTX
+*	Kingston KNU101TX
+*	LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset,
+	USB10TA, USB10TX, USB100TX, USB100H1
+*	MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX
+*	Netgear FA101
+*	Planex UE-200TX
+*	Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)
+*	Siemens Speedstream
+*	SmartBridges smartNIC
+*	SMC 2202USB
+*	SOHOware NUB100
+
+
+
+The
+**axe**
+driver supports ASIX Electronics AX88172/AX88178/AX88772/AX88772A/AX88772B/AX88760
+based USB Ethernet adapters including:
+
+AX88172:
+
+*	AboCom UF200
+*	Acer Communications EP1427X2
+*	ASIX AX88172
+*	ATen UC210T
+*	Billionton SnapPort
+*	Billionton USB2AR
+*	Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX
+*	Corega USB2\_TX
+*	D-Link DUBE100
+*	Goodway GWUSB2E
+*	JVC MP\_PRX1
+*	LinkSys USB200M
+*	Netgear FA120
+*	Sitecom LN-029
+*	System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL
+
+AX88178:
+
+*	ASIX AX88178
+*	Belkin F5D5055
+*	Logitec LAN-GTJ/U2A
+*	Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA3-U2-AGT
+*	Planex Communications GU1000T
+*	Sitecom Europe LN-028
+
+AX88772:
+
+*	ASIX AX88772
+*	Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA3-U2-ATX
+*	D-Link DUBE100B1
+*	Planex UE-200TX-G
+*	Planex UE-200TX-G2
+
+AX88772A:
+
+*	ASIX AX88772A
+*	Cisco-Linksys USB200Mv2
+
+AX88772B:
+
+*	ASIX AX88772B
+*	Lenovo USB 2.0 Ethernet
+
+AX88760:
+
+*	ASIX AX88760
+
+
+
+The
+**axge**
+driver supports the following USB Gigabit Ethernet controllers:
+
+*	ASIX Electronics AX88179A
+*	ASIX Electronics AX88179
+*	ASIX Electronics AX88178A
+
+
+
+The
+**bce**
+driver provides support for various NICs based on the QLogic NetXtreme II
+family of Gigabit Ethernet controllers, including the
+following:
+
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM5706 1000Base-SX
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM5706 1000Base-T
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM5708 1000Base-SX
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM5708 1000Base-T
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM5709 1000Base-SX
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM5709 1000Base-T
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM5716 1000Base-T
+*	Dell PowerEdge 1950 integrated BCM5708 NIC
+*	Dell PowerEdge 2950 integrated BCM5708 NIC
+*	Dell PowerEdge R710 integrated BCM5709 NIC
+*	HP NC370F Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter
+*	HP NC370T Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter
+*	HP NC370i Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter
+*	HP NC371i Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter
+*	HP NC373F PCIe Multifunc Giga Server Adapter
+*	HP NC373T PCIe Multifunction Gig Server Adapter
+*	HP NC373i Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter
+*	HP NC373m Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter
+*	HP NC374m PCIe Multifunction Adapter
+*	HP NC380T PCIe DP Multifunc Gig Server Adapter
+*	HP NC382T PCIe DP Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter
+*	HP NC382i DP Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter
+*	HP NC382m DP 1GbE Multifunction BL-c Adapter
+
+
+The man:bfe[4] driver supports Broadcom BCM4401-based Fast Ethernet devices.
+
+
+The
+**bge**
+driver provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x
+family of Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including the
+following:
+
+*	3Com 3c996-SX (1000baseSX)
+*	3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	Apple Thunderbolt Display (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	Apple Thunderbolt to Gigabit Ethernet Adapter (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	Dell PowerEdge R200 integrated BCM5750 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	Dell PowerEdge R300 integrated BCM5722 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	HP Compaq dc7600 integrated BCM5752 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	HP ProLiant NC7771 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)
+*	SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)
+
+
+
+The
+**bnxt**
+driver provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom NetXtreme-C and
+NetXtreme-E families of Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including the
+following:
+
+*	Broadcom BCM57301 NetXtreme-C 10Gb Ethernet Controller
+*	Broadcom BCM57302 NetXtreme-C 10Gb/25Gb Ethernet Controller
+*	Broadcom BCM57304 NetXtreme-C 10Gb/25Gb/40Gb/50Gb Ethernet Controller
+*	Broadcom BCM57304 NetXtreme-C Ethernet Virtual Function
+*	Broadcom BCM57314 NetXtreme-C Ethernet Virtual Function
+*	Broadcom BCM57402 NetXtreme-E 10Gb Ethernet Controller
+*	Broadcom BCM57402 NetXtreme-E Ethernet Partition
+*	Broadcom BCM57404 NetXtreme-E 10Gb/25Gb Ethernet Controller
+*	Broadcom BCM57404 NetXtreme-E Ethernet Virtual Function
+*	Broadcom BCM57404 NetXtreme-E Partition
+*	Broadcom BCM57406 NetXtreme-E 10GBASE-T Ethernet Controller
+*	Broadcom BCM57406 NetXtreme-E Partition
+*	Broadcom BCM57407 NetXtreme-E 10GBase-T Ethernet Controller
+*	Broadcom BCM57407 NetXtreme-E 25Gb Ethernet Controller
+*	Broadcom BCM57407 NetXtreme-E Partition
+*	Broadcom BCM57412 NetXtreme-E Partition
+*	Broadcom BCM57414 NetXtreme-E Ethernet Virtual Function
+*	Broadcom BCM57414 NetXtreme-E Partition
+*	Broadcom BCM57416 NetXtreme-E Partition
+*	Broadcom BCM57417 NetXtreme-E Ethernet Partition
+*	Broadcom BCM57454 NetXtreme-E 10Gb/25Gb/40Gb/50Gb/100Gb Ethernet
+
+
+
+The
+**bxe**
+driver provides support for various NICs based on the QLogic NetXtreme II
+family of 10Gb Ethernet controller chips, including the following:
+
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57710 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57711 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57711E 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57712 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57712-MF 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57800 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57800-MF 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57810 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57810-MF 10Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57840 10Gb / 20Gb
+*	QLogic NetXtreme II BCM57840-MF 10Gb
+
+
+
+The chips supported by the
+**cas**
+driver are:
+
+*	National Semiconductor DP83065 Saturn Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Sun Cassini Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Sun Cassini+ Gigabit Ethernet
+
+The
+following add-on cards are known to work with the
+**cas**
+driver at this time:
+
+*	Sun GigaSwift Ethernet 1.0 MMF (Cassini Kuheen)
+	(part no. 501-5524)
+*	Sun GigaSwift Ethernet 1.0 UTP (Cassini)
+	(part no. 501-5902)
+*	Sun GigaSwift Ethernet UTP (GCS)
+	(part no. 501-6719)
+*	Sun Quad GigaSwift Ethernet UTP (QGE)
+	(part no. 501-6522)
+*	Sun Quad GigaSwift Ethernet PCI-X (QGE-X)
+	(part no. 501-6738)
+
+
+
+The
+**cdce**
+driver supports USB Ethernet interfaces implementing the
+USB Communication Device Class Ethernet Control Model (CDC ECM) or
+Network Control Model (CDC NCM) protocol, such as:
+
+*	Android USB tethering
+*	iPhone USB tethering
+*	Prolific PL-2501 Host-to-Host Bridge Controller
+*	Sharp Zaurus PDA
+*	Terayon TJ-715 DOCSIS Cable Modem
+*	Huawei 3G/4G LTE (eg. E3372, E5573) and other mobile network devices
+
+
+
+The
+**cue**
+driver supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet
+adapters including:
+
+*	Belkin F5U011/F5U111
+*	CATC Netmate
+*	CATC Netmate II
+*	SmartBridges SmartLink
+
+
+
+The
+**cxgb**
+driver supports 10 Gigabit and 1 Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the T3 and T3B chipset:
+
+*	Chelsio 10GBase-CX4
+*	Chelsio 10GBase-LR
+*	Chelsio 10GBase-SR
+
+
+
+The
+**cxgbe**
+driver supports 100Gb and 25Gb Ethernet adapters based on the T6 ASIC:
+
+*	Chelsio T6225-CR
+*	Chelsio T6225-SO-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-LP-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-SO-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-CR
+
+The
+**cxgbe**
+driver supports 40Gb, 10Gb and 1Gb Ethernet adapters based on the T5 ASIC:
+
+*	Chelsio T580-CR
+*	Chelsio T580-LP-CR
+*	Chelsio T580-LP-SO-CR
+*	Chelsio T560-CR
+*	Chelsio T540-CR
+*	Chelsio T540-LP-CR
+*	Chelsio T522-CR
+*	Chelsio T520-LL-CR
+*	Chelsio T520-CR
+*	Chelsio T520-SO
+*	Chelsio T520-BT
+*	Chelsio T504-BT
+
+The
+**cxgbe**
+driver supports 10Gb and 1Gb Ethernet adapters based on the T4 ASIC:
+
+*	Chelsio T420-CR
+*	Chelsio T422-CR
+*	Chelsio T440-CR
+*	Chelsio T420-BCH
+*	Chelsio T440-BCH
+*	Chelsio T440-CH
+*	Chelsio T420-SO
+*	Chelsio T420-CX
+*	Chelsio T420-BT
+*	Chelsio T404-BT
+
+
+
+The
+**cxgbev**
+driver supports Virtual Functions on 100Gb and 25Gb Ethernet adapters
+based on the T6 ASIC:
+
+*	Chelsio T6225-CR
+*	Chelsio T6225-SO-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-LP-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-SO-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-CR
+
+The
+**cxgbev**
+driver supports Virtual Functions on 40Gb, 10Gb and 1Gb Ethernet adapters
+based on the T5 ASIC:
+
+*	Chelsio T580-CR
+*	Chelsio T580-LP-CR
+*	Chelsio T580-LP-SO-CR
+*	Chelsio T560-CR
+*	Chelsio T540-CR
+*	Chelsio T540-LP-CR
+*	Chelsio T522-CR
+*	Chelsio T520-LL-CR
+*	Chelsio T520-CR
+*	Chelsio T520-SO
+*	Chelsio T520-BT
+*	Chelsio T504-BT
+
+The
+**cxgbev**
+driver supports Virtual Functions on 10Gb and 1Gb Ethernet adapters based
+on the T4 ASIC:
+
+*	Chelsio T420-CR
+*	Chelsio T422-CR
+*	Chelsio T440-CR
+*	Chelsio T420-BCH
+*	Chelsio T440-BCH
+*	Chelsio T440-CH
+*	Chelsio T420-SO
+*	Chelsio T420-CX
+*	Chelsio T420-BT
+*	Chelsio T404-BT
+
+
+
+The
+**dc**
+driver provides support for the following chipsets:
+
+*	DEC/Intel 21143
+*	ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513
+	Centaur II
+*	ALi/ULi M5261 and M5263
+*	ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141
+*	Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)
+*	Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A
+*	Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC
+*	Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II
+*	Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732
+*	Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)
+
+The
+following NICs are known to work with the
+**dc**
+driver at this time:
+
+*	3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)
+*	Abocom FE2500
+*	Accton EN1217 (98715A)
+*	Accton EN2242 MiniPCI
+*	Adico AE310TX (98715A)
+*	Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)
+*	Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series
+	desktops (21143, non-MII)
+*	Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)
+*	CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)
+*	CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)
+*	Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)
+*	D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)
+*	Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)
+*	ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)
+*	Hawking CB102 CardBus
+*	IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter
+*	Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)
+*	Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)
+*	Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)
+*	Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)
+*	LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)
+*	LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)
+*	LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)
+*	Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)
+*	Melco LGY-PCI-TXL
+*	Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)
+*	Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)
+*	NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)
+*	NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)
+*	NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)
+*	Netgear FA511
+*	PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)
+*	SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)
+*	SVEC PN102-TX (98713)
+*	Xircom Cardbus Realport
+*	Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100
+*	Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100
+
+
+
+Gigabit Ethernet controllers built into the following Freescale
+system-on-chip devices are known to work with the
+**dtsec**
+driver:
+
+*	P2041, P3041
+*	P5010, P5020
+
+Additionally, the following devices are expected to work, but are untested:
+
+*	P4080, P4040
+*	P5040
+
+
+
+The
+**em**
+driver supports Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel
+82540, 82541ER, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546, 82546EB,
+82546GB, 82547, 82571, 82572, 82573, 82574, 82575, 82576, and 82580
+controller chips:
+
+*	Intel Gigabit ET Dual Port Server Adapter (82576)
+*	Intel Gigabit VT Quad Port Server Adapter (82575)
+*	Intel Single, Dual and Quad Gigabit Ethernet Controller (82580)
+*	Intel i210 and i211 Gigabit Ethernet Controller
+*	Intel i350 and i354 Gigabit Ethernet Controller
+*	Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 PF Dual Port Server Adapter (82571)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 PF Quad Port Server Adapter (82571)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 PF Server Adapter (82572)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 PT Desktop Adapter (82572)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Adapter (82571)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 PT Quad Port Server Adapter (82571)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 PT Server Adapter (82572)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)
+*	Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)
+
+
+The man:ena[4] driver supports the AWS EC2 Elastic Network Adapter.
+
+
+The
+**enic**
+driver should supports all known Cisco VIC cards.
+
+
+
+
+The
+**et**
+driver supports Agere ET1310 10/100/Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters.
+
+
+
+
+
+Adapters supported by the
+**fxp**
+driver include:
+
+*	Intel EtherExpress PRO/10
+*	Intel InBusiness 10/100
+*	Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter
+*	Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter
+*	Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter
+*	Intel PRO/100 VM Network Connection
+*	Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter
+*	Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters
+*	Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards
+
+
+
+Chips supported by the
+**gem**
+driver include:
+
+*	Apple GMAC
+*	Sun GEM Gigabit Ethernet
+
+The
+following add-on cards are known to work with the
+**gem**
+driver at this time:
+
+*	Sun Gigabit Ethernet PCI 2.0/3.0 (GBE/P)
+	(part no. 501-4373)
+
+
+
+The
+**genet**
+driver supports the Ethernet controller portion of the Broadcom BCM2711
+on the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B and related systems.
+It utilizes the BCM54213PE PHY.
+
+
+The man:gve[4] driver supports the Google Cloud Compute Engine (GCE) Virtual NIC (gVNIC).
+
+
+
+The
+**ice**
+driver supports the Intel Ethernet 800 series.
+Most adapters in this series with SFP28/QSFP28 cages
+have firmware that requires that Intel qualified modules are used; these
+qualified modules are listed below.
+This qualification check cannot be disabled by the driver.
+
+The
+**ice**
+driver supports 100Gb Ethernet adapters with these QSFP28 modules:
+
+
+
+The
+**igc**
+driver supports the following models:
+
+*	I220-V
+*	I221-V
+*	I225-LM
+*	I225-LMvP(2)
+*	I225-V
+*	I225-IT, I225-IT(2)
+*	I225-K, I225-K(2)
+*	I226-LM
+*	I226-LMvP
+*	I226-V
+*	I226-IT
+*	I226-K
+
+
+
+The following devices are supported by the
+**ipheth**
+driver:
+
+*	Apple iPhone tethering (all models)
+*	Apple iPad tethering (all models)
+
+
+
+The
+**ix**
+driver supports Intel 10Gb Ethernet PCIe adapters,
+including:
+
+*	Intel(R) Ethernet X553
+*	Intel(R) Ethernet X552
+*	Intel(R) Ethernet X550
+*	Intel(R) Ethernet X540 Bypass
+*	Intel(R) Ethernet X540
+*	Intel(R) Ethernet X520 Bypass (82599)
+*	Intel(R) Ethernet X520 (82599)
+*	Intel(R) 10 Gigabit Server Adapter (82598EB)
+
+
+
+The
+**ixl**
+driver supports the Intel Ethernet 700 series.
+Most adapters in this series with SFP+/SFP28/QSFP+ cages
+have firmware that requires that Intel qualified modules are used; these
+qualified modules are listed below.
+This qualification check cannot be disabled by the driver.
+
+The
+**ixl**
+driver supports 40Gb Ethernet adapters with these QSFP+ modules:
+
+*	Intel 4x10G/40G QSFP+ 40GBASE-SR4 E40GQSFPSR
+*	Intel 4x10G/40G QSFP+ 40GBASE-LR4 E40GQSFPLR
+
+The
+**ixl**
+driver supports 25Gb Ethernet adapters with these SFP28 modules:
+
+*	Intel 10G/25G SFP28 25GBASE-SR E25GSFP28SR
+*	Intel 10G/25G SFP28 25GBASE-SR E25GSFP28SRX (Extended Temp)
+
+The
+**ixl**
+driver supports 25Gb and 10Gb Ethernet adapters with these SFP+ modules:
+
+*	Intel 1G/10G SFP+ SR FTLX8571D3BCV-IT
+*	Intel 1G/10G SFP+ SR AFBR-703SDZ-IN2
+*	Intel 1G/10G SFP+ LR FTLX1471D3BCV-IT
+*	Intel 1G/10G SFP+ LR AFCT-701SDZ-IN2
+*	Intel 1G/10G SFP+ 10GBASE-SR E10GSFPSR
+*	Intel 10G SFP+ 10GBASE-SR E10GSFPSRX (Extended Temp)
+*	Intel 1G/10G SFP+ 10GBASE-LR E10GSFPLR
+
+Note that adapters also support all passive and active
+limiting direct attach cables that comply with SFF-8431 v4.1 and
+SFF-8472 v10.4 specifications.
+
+This is not an exhaustive list; please consult product documentation for an
+up-to-date list of supported media.
+
+
+
+The
+**jme**
+device driver provides support for the following Ethernet controllers:
+
+*	JMicron JMC250 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
+*	JMicron JMC251 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet with Card Read Host controller
+*	JMicron JMC260 PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
+*	JMicron JMC261 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet with Card Read Host controller
+
+
+
+The
+**kue**
+driver supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet
+adapters including:
+
+*	3Com 3c19250
+*	3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter
+*	ADS Technologies USB-10BT
+*	AOX USB101
+*	ATen UC10T
+*	Abocom URE 450
+*	Corega USB-T
+*	D-Link DSB-650C
+*	Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E
+*	I/O Data USB ETT
+*	Kawasaki DU-H3E
+*	LinkSys USB10T
+*	Netgear EA101
+*	Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter
+*	Psion Gold Port USB Ethernet adapter
+*	SMC 2102USB, 2104USB
+
+
+
+Adapters supported by the
+**lge**
+driver include:
+
+*	SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)
+*	D-Link DGE-500SX
+
+
+
+The
+**liquidio**
+driver supports the following cards:
+
+*	LiquidIO II CN2350 210SV/225SV
+*	LiquidIO II CN2360 210SV/225SV
+
+
+
+The
+**mgb**
+driver supports:
+
+*	Microchip LAN7430 PCIe Gigabit Ethernet controller with PHY
+*	Microchip LAN7431 PCIe Gigabit Ethernet controller with RGMII interface
+
+
+
+The
+**mlx4en**
+driver supports the following network adapters:
+
+*	Mellanox ConnectX-2 (ETH)
+*	Mellanox ConnectX-3 (ETH)
+
+
+
+The
+**mlx4ib**
+driver supports the following network adapters:
+
+*	Mellanox ConnectX-2 (IB)
+*	Mellanox ConnectX-3 (IB)
+
+
+
+The
+**mlx5en**
+driver supports 200Gb, 100Gb, 50Gb, 40Gb, 25Gb and 10Gb ethernet adapters.
+
+*	ConnectX-6 supports 10/20/25/40/50/56/100Gb/200Gb/s speeds.
+*	ConnectX-5 supports 10/20/25/40/50/56/100Gb/s speeds.
+*	ConnectX-4 supports 10/20/25/40/50/56/100Gb/s speeds.
+*	ConnectX-4 LX supports 10/25/40/50Gb/s speeds and reduced power consumption.
+
+
+
+The
+**mlx5ib**
+driver supports 100Gb, 50Gb, 40Gb, 25Gb and 10Gb network adapters.
+ConnectX-4 supports: 10/20/25/40/50/56/100Gb/s speeds.
+ConnectX-4 LX supports: 10/25/40/50Gb/s speeds (and reduced power consumption):
+
+*	Mellanox MCX455A-ECAT
+*	Mellanox MCX456A-ECAT
+*	Mellanox MCX415A-CCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX416A-CCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX455A-FCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX456A-FCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX415A-BCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX416A-BCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX4131A-GCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX4131A-BCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX4121A-ACAT
+*	Mellanox MCX4111A-ACAT
+*	Mellanox MCX4121A-XCAT
+*	Mellanox MCX4111A-XCAT
+
+
+
+Adapters supported by the
+**mos**
+driver include:
+
+*	Sitecom LN030
+
+
+
+The
+**msk**
+driver provides support for various NICs based on the Marvell/SysKonnect
+Yukon II based Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including:
+
+*	D-Link 550SX Gigabit Ethernet
+*	D-Link 560SX Gigabit Ethernet
+*	D-Link 560T Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8021CU Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8021 SX/LX Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8022CU Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8022 SX/LX Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8061CU Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8061 SX/LX Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8062CU Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8062 SX/LX Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8035 Fast Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8036 Fast Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8038 Fast Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8039 Fast Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8040 Fast Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8040T Fast Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8042 Fast Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8048 Fast Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8050 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8052 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8053 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8055 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8056 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8057 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8058 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8059 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8070 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8071 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8072 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Marvell Yukon 88E8075 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	SysKonnect SK-9Sxx Gigabit Ethernet
+*	SysKonnect SK-9Exx Gigabit Ethernet
+
+
+
+The
+**muge**
+driver supports:
+
+*	Microchip LAN7800 USB 3.1 Gigabit Ethernet controller with PHY
+*	Microchip LAN7850 USB 2.0 Gigabit Ethernet controller with PHY
+*	Microchip LAN7515 USB 2 hub and Gigabit Ethernet controller with PHY
+
+
+
+The
+**mxge**
+driver supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the
+Myricom LANai Z8E chips:
+
+*	Myricom 10GBase-CX4 (10G-PCIE-8A-C, 10G-PCIE-8AL-C)
+*	Myricom 10GBase-R (10G-PCIE-8A-R, 10G-PCIE-8AL-R)
+*	Myricom 10G XAUI over ribbon fiber (10G-PCIE-8A-Q, 10G-PCIE-8AL-Q)
+
+
+
+The
+**my**
+driver provides support for various NICs based on the Myson chipset.
+Supported models include:
+
+*	Myson MTD800 PCI Fast Ethernet chip
+*	Myson MTD803 PCI Fast Ethernet chip
+*	Myson MTD89X PCI Gigabit Ethernet chip
+
+
+
+The
+**nfe**
+driver supports the following NVIDIA MCP onboard adapters:
+
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP04 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce 430 MCP12 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce 430 MCP13 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP51 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP55 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP61 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP65 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP67 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP73 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP77 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce MCP79 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce2 MCP2 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce2 400 MCP4 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce2 400 MCP5 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce3 MCP3 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce3 250 MCP6 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce3 MCP7 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce4 CK804 MCP8 Networking Adapter
+*	NVIDIA nForce4 CK804 MCP9 Networking Adapter
+
+
+
+The
+**nge**
+driver supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:
+
+*	Addtron AEG320T
+*	Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)
+*	Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC
+*	D-Link DGE-500T
+*	Linksys EG1032, revision 1
+*	Netgear GA621
+*	Netgear GA622T
+*	SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)
+*	Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX
+*	Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)
+
+
+
+The
+**oce**
+driver supports the following network adapters:
+
+*	Emulex BladeEngine 2
+*	Emulex BladeEngine 3
+*	Emulex Lancer
+
+
+
+
+The
+**qlnxe**
+driver supports 25/40/100 Gigabit Ethernet & CNA Adapter based on the following
+chipsets:
+
+*	QLogic 45000 series
+*	QLogic 41000 series
+
+
+
+The
+**qlxgb**
+driver supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet & CNA Adapter based on the following
+chipsets:
+
+*	QLogic 3200 series
+*	QLogic 8200 series
+
+
+
+The
+**qlxgbe**
+driver supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet & CNA Adapter based on the following
+chipsets:
+
+*	QLogic 8300 series
+
+
+
+The
+**qlxge**
+driver supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet & CNA Adapter based on the following
+chipsets:
+
+*	QLogic 8100 series
+
+
+
+The
+**re**
+driver supports RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL816xS, RTL811xS, RTL8168,
+RTL810xE and RTL8111 based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:
+
+*	Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)
+*	Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)
+*	Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)
+*	D-Link DGE-528(T) Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)
+*	Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)
+*	LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)
+*	LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI)
+*	PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)
+*	TP-Link TG-3468 v2 Gigabit Ethernet (8168)
+*	USRobotics USR997902 Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)
+*	Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)
+
+
+
+Adapters supported by the
+**rl**
+driver include:
+
+*	Accton
+	"Cheetah"
+	EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)
+*	Allied Telesyn AT2550
+*	Allied Telesyn AT2500TX
+*	Belkin F5D5000
+*	BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)
+*	Compaq HNE-300
+*	CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC
+*	Corega FEther CB-TXD
+*	Corega FEtherII CB-TXD
+*	D-Link DFE-520TX (rev. C1)
+*	D-Link DFE-528TX
+*	D-Link DFE-530TX+
+*	D-Link DFE-538TX
+*	D-Link DFE-690TXD
+*	Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus
+*	Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI
+*	Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI
+*	Genius GF100TXR
+*	GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP
+*	KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet
+*	LevelOne FPC-0106TX
+*	Longshine LCS-8038TX-R
+*	NDC Communications NE100TX-E
+*	Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100
+*	Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX
+*	OvisLink LEF-8129TX
+*	OvisLink LEF-8139TX
+*	Peppercon AG ROL-F
+*	Planex FNW-3603-TX
+*	Planex FNW-3800-TX
+*	SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX
+*	SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C
+
+
+
+The
+**rue**
+driver supports RealTek RTL8150 based USB Ethernet
+adapters including:
+
+*	Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX
+*	Green House GH-USB100B
+*	LinkSys USB100M
+*	Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2
+
+
+
+
+The
+**sfxge**
+driver supports all 10Gb Ethernet adapters based on Solarflare SFC9000
+family controllers.
+
+
+
+The
+**sge**
+device driver provides support for the following Ethernet controllers:
+
+*	SiS190 Fast Ethernet controller
+*	SiS191 Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller
+
+
+
+The
+**sis**
+driver supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based
+Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet
+adapters based on the National Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) and DP83816
+chips.
+Supported adapters include:
+
+*	@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX
+*	MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC
+*	Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)
+*	Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)
+*	SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets
+*	Soekris Engineering net45xx, net48xx, lan1621, and lan1641
+
+
+
+Adapters supported by the
+**sk**
+driver include:
+
+*	3Com 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter
+*	3Com 3C2000-T single port, 1000baseT adapter
+*	Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter
+*	D-Link DGE-530T single port, 1000baseT adapter
+*	Linksys (revision 2) single port, 1000baseT adapter
+*	SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter
+*	SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter
+*	SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter
+*	SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter
+*	SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter
+*	SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter
+*	SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter
+*	SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter
+
+
+
+The following devices are supported by the
+**smsc**
+driver:
+
+*	LAN9500, LAN9500A, LAN9505 and LAN9505A based Ethernet adapters
+*	LAN89530, LAN9530 and LAN9730 based Ethernet adapters
+*	LAN951x Ethernet adapters with integrated USB hub
+
+
+
+
+The
+**ste**
+driver supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet
+adapters and embedded controllers including:
+
+*	D-Link DFE-530TXS
+*	D-Link DFE-550TX
+*	D-Link DFE-580TX
+
+
+
+The
+**stge**
+driver provides support for various NICs based on the Sundance/Tamarack
+TC9021 based Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including:
+
+*	Antares Microsystems Gigabit Ethernet
+*	ASUS NX1101 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	D-Link DL-4000 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	IC Plus IP1000A Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Sundance ST-2021 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Sundance ST-2023 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Sundance TC9021 Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Tamarack TC9021 Gigabit Ethernet
+
+
+
+The
+**ti**
+driver supports Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the
+Alteon Tigon I and II chips.
+The
+**ti**
+driver has been tested with the following adapters:
+
+*	3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)
+*	3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)
+*	Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)
+*	Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)
+*	Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter
+*	Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)
+*	Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)
+
+The following adapters should also be supported but have
+not yet been tested:
+
+*	Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter
+*	Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter
+*	Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter
+*	NEC Gigabit Ethernet
+*	Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter
+
+
+
+
+Gigabit Ethernet controllers built into the following Freescale
+system-on-chip devices are known to work with the
+**tsec**
+driver:
+
+*	MPC8349
+*	MPC8533, MPC8541, MPC8555
+
+The enhanced version of the controller (eTSEC), integrated in the following
+devices, is also supported by this driver:
+
+*	MPC8548, MPC8572
+
+
+
+
+The
+**udav**
+driver supports the following adapters:
+
+*	Corega FEther USB-TXC
+*	ShanTou ST268 USB NIC
+
+
+
+Devices supported by the
+**ufoma**
+driver include:
+
+*	SHARP FOMA SH902i
+*	KYOCERA PHS AH-K3001V (a.k.a Kyopon)
+*	SANYO Vodafone3G V801SA
+
+
+
+The
+**uhso**
+driver should work with most devices from Option.
+The following devices have been verified to work
+
+*	Option GlobeSurfer iCON 7.2 (new firmware)
+*	Option GlobeTrotter Max 7.2 (new firmware)
+*	Option iCON 225
+*	Option iCON 452
+*	Option iCON 505
+
+The device features a mass storage device referred to as
+"Zero-CD"
+which contains drivers for Microsoft Windows; this is the default
+mode for the device.
+The
+**uhso**
+driver automatically switches the device from
+"Zero-CD"
+mode to modem mode.
+This behavior can be disabled by setting
+*hw.usb.uhso.auto\_switch*
+to 0 using
+sysctl(8).
+
+
+
+The
+**ure**
+driver supports the following USB Ethernet controllers:
+
+	Model:                                          Speed (Mbps):  
+	Realtek RTL8156/RTL8156B/RTL8156BG              10, 100, 1000, and 2500  
+	Realtek RTL8153/RTL8153B                        10, 100, and 1000  
+	Realtek RTL8152                                 10 and 100  
+	Realtek RTL8168/8169/8110/8211 via rgephy(4)    10, 100, and 1000
+
+
+
+The
+**urndis**
+driver supports the
+"tethering"
+functionality of many Android devices.
+
+
+
+The
+**vge**
+driver supports VIA Networking VT6120, VT6122, VT6130 and VT6132 based
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:
+
+*	VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet
+*	ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)
+*	ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)
+
+
+
+The
+**vr**
+driver supports VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based
+Fast Ethernet adapters including:
+
+*	AOpen/Acer ALN-320
+*	D-Link DFE520-TX
+*	D-Link DFE530-TX
+*	Hawking Technologies PN102TX
+*	Soekris Engineering net5501
+
+
+
+The
+**vte**
+device driver provides support for the following Ethernet controllers:
+
+*	DM&P Vortex86 RDC R6040 Fast Ethernet controller
+
+
+
+
+
+
+The
+**xl**
+driver supports the following hardware:
+
+*	3Com 3c900-TPO
+*	3Com 3c900-COMBO
+*	3Com 3c905-TX
+*	3Com 3c905-T4
+*	3Com 3c900B-TPO
+*	3Com 3c900B-TPC
+*	3Com 3c900B-FL
+*	3Com 3c900B-COMBO
+*	3Com 3c905B-T4
+*	3Com 3c905B-TX
+*	3Com 3c905B-FX
+*	3Com 3c905B-COMBO
+*	3Com 3c905C-TX
+*	3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters
+*	3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters
+*	3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters
+*	3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters
+*	3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT,
+	3CCFEM656, 3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and
+	3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters
+*	3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded adapters
+
+Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI
+cards have a built-in proprietary modem.
+Neither the
+**xl**
+driver nor any other
+FreeBSD
+driver supports this modem.
+
+
+[[switch]]
+=== Ethernet Switches
+
+The man:adm6996fc[4] driver supports the Infineon ADM6996FC Fast Ethernet switch controller.
+
+
+The
+**ar40xx\_switch**
+driver supports the following Gigabit Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	Qualcomm IPQ 4019 Five-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch
+*	Qualcomm IPQ 4018 Five-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch
+
+
+
+The
+**arswitch**
+driver supports the following Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	Atheros AR8327 Seven-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch
+*	Atheros AR8316 Six-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch
+*	Atheros AR8236 Six-port Fast Ethernet Switch
+*	Atheros AR8226 Six-port Fast Ethernet Switch
+*	Atheros AR8216 Six-port Fast Ethernet Switch
+
+
+
+The
+**e6000sw**
+driver supports the following Gigabit Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	Marvell 88E6190
+*	Marvell 88E6176
+*	Marvell 88E6172
+*	Marvell 88E6341
+*	Marvell 88E6141
+
+
+
+The
+**e6060sw**
+driver supports the following Fast Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	Marvell 88E6060
+*	Marvell 88E6063
+*	Marvell 88E6065
+
+
+The man:felix[4] driver supports the Microsemi VSC9959 Felix Gigabit Ethernet switch controller found in the NXP Layerscape LS1028A SoC.
+
+
+The
+**ip17x**
+driver supports the following Fast Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	IC Plus IP178C
+*	IC Plus IP175D
+*	IC Plus IP175C
+*	IC Plus IP175A
+
+
+The man:ksz8995ma[4] driver supports the Micrel KSZ8995MA/KSZ8995FQ Fast Ethernet switch controller.
+
+
+The
+**mtkswitch**
+driver supports the following Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	MediaTek MT7628 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+*	MediaTek MT7621 (5 port Gigabit Ethernet)
+*	MediaTek MT7620 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+*	Ralink RT5350 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+*	Ralink RT3352 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+*	Ralink RT3050 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+
+
+The *rtl8366* driver supports the Realtek 8366 Gigabit Ethernet switch controller.
+
+The *ukswitch* driver is designed to support potentially unknown Ethernet Switches.
+
+[[wlan]]
+=== Wireless Network Interfaces
+
+
+The
+**ath**
+driver supports all Atheros Cardbus, ExpressCard, PCI and PCIe cards,
+except those that are based on the AR5005VL chipset.
+
+
+
+The following cards are among those supported by the
+**ath\_hal**
+module:
+
+	*Card*               Chip      Bus        Standard  
+	Aztech WL830PC       AR5212    CardBus    b/g  
+	D-Link DWL-A650      AR5210    CardBus    a  
+	D-Link DWL-AB650     AR5211    CardBus    a/b  
+	D-Link DWL-A520      AR5210    PCI        a  
+	D-Link DWL-AG520     AR5212    PCI        a/b/g  
+	D-Link DWL-AG650     AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	D-Link DWL-G520B     AR5212    PCI        b/g  
+	D-Link DWL-G650B     AR5212    CardBus    b/g  
+	Elecom LD-WL54AG     AR5212    Cardbus    a/b/g  
+	Elecom LD-WL54       AR5211    Cardbus    a  
+	Fujitsu E5454        AR5212    Cardbus    a/b/g  
+	Fujitsu FMV-JW481    AR5212    Cardbus    a/b/g  
+	Fujitsu E5454        AR5212    Cardbus    a/b/g  
+	HP NC4000            AR5212    PCI        a/b/g  
+	I/O Data WN-AB       AR5212    CardBus    a/b  
+	I/O Data WN-AG       AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	I/O Data WN-A54      AR5212    CardBus    a  
+	Linksys WMP55AG      AR5212    PCI        a/b/g  
+	Linksys WPC51AB      AR5211    CardBus    a/b  
+	Linksys WPC55AG      AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	NEC PA-WL/54AG       AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	Netgear WAG311       AR5212    PCI        a/b/g  
+	Netgear WAB501       AR5211    CardBus    a/b  
+	Netgear WAG511       AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	Netgear WG311 (aka WG311v1) AR5212    PCI        b/g  
+	Netgear WG311v2      AR5212    PCI        b/g  
+	Netgear WG311T       AR5212    PCI        b/g  
+	Netgear WG511T       AR5212    CardBus    b/g  
+	Orinoco 8480         AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	Orinoco 8470WD       AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	Proxim Skyline 4030  AR5210    CardBus    a  
+	Proxim Skyline 4032  AR5210    PCI        a  
+	Samsung SWL-5200N    AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	SMC SMC2735W         AR5210    CardBus    a  
+	Sony PCWA-C700       AR5212    Cardbus    a/b  
+	Sony PCWA-C300S      AR5212    Cardbus    b/g  
+	Sony PCWA-C500       AR5210    Cardbus    a  
+	3Com 3CRPAG175       AR5212    CardBus    a/b/g  
+	TP-LINK TL-WDN4800   AR9380    PCIe       a/b/g/n
+
+
+
+The
+**bwi**
+driver supports Broadcom BCM43xx based wireless devices, including:
+
+	*Card*                   *Chip*     *Bus*       *Standard*  
+	Apple Airport Extreme    BCM4306    PCI         b/g  
+	Apple Airport Extreme    BCM4318    PCI         b/g  
+	ASUS WL-100g             BCM4306    CardBus     b/g  
+	ASUS WL-138g             BCM4318    PCI         b/g  
+	Buffalo WLI-CB-G54S      BCM4318    CardBus     b/g  
+	Buffalo WLI-PCI-G54S     BCM4306    PCI         b/g  
+	Compaq R4035 onboard     BCM4306    PCI         b/g  
+	Dell Wireless 1390       BCM4311    Mini PCI    b/g  
+	Dell Wireless 1470       BCM4318    Mini PCI    b/g  
+	Dell Truemobile 1300 r2  BCM4306    Mini PCI    b/g  
+	Dell Truemobile 1400     BCM4309    Mini PCI    b/g  
+	HP nx6125                BCM4319    PCI         b/g  
+	Linksys WPC54G Ver 3     BCM4318    CardBus     b/g  
+	Linksys WPC54GS Ver 2    BCM4318    CardBus     b/g  
+	TRENDnet TEW-401PCplus   BCM4306    CardBus     b/g  
+	US Robotics 5411         BCM4318    CardBus     b/g
+
+The
+**bwi**
+driver uses the older v3 version of Broadcom's firmware.
+While this older firmware does support most BCM43xx parts, the
+bwn(4)
+driver works better for the newer chips it supports.
+You must use the
+**bwi**
+driver if you are using older Broadcom chipsets (BCM4301, BCM4303 and
+BCM4306 rev 2).
+The v4 version of the firmware that
+bwn(4)
+uses does not support these chips.
+
+
+
+The
+**bwn**
+driver supports Broadcom BCM43xx based wireless devices, including:
+
+	*Card*                   *Chip*     *Bus*       *Standard*  
+	Apple Airport Extreme    BCM4318    PCI         b/g  
+	ASUS WL-138g             BCM4318    PCI         b/g  
+	Buffalo WLI-CB-G54S      BCM4318    CardBus     b/g  
+	Dell Wireless 1390       BCM4311    Mini PCI    b/g  
+	Dell Wireless 1470       BCM4318    Mini PCI    b/g  
+	Dell Truemobile 1400     BCM4309    Mini PCI    b/g  
+	HP Compaq 6715b          BCM4312    PCI         b/g  
+	HP nx6125                BCM4319    PCI         b/g  
+	Linksys WPC54G Ver 3     BCM4318    CardBus     b/g  
+	Linksys WPC54GS Ver 2    BCM4318    CardBus     b/g  
+	US Robotics 5411         BCM4318    CardBus     b/g
+
+Users of older Broadcom chipsets (BCM4301, BCM4303 and BCM4306 rev 2)
+must use
+bwi(4)
+because the v4 version of the firmware does not support these chips.
+The newer firmware is too big to fit into these old chips.
+
+
+
+The
+**ipw**
+driver provides support for the
+Intel PRO/Wireless 2100a/b MiniPCI network adapter.
+
+
+
+The
+**iwi**
+driver supports the following wireless network devices:
+
+*	Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG MiniPCI Network Connection
+*	Intel PRO/Wireless 2225BG PCI Network Connection
+*	Intel PRO/Wireless 2915ABG MiniPCI Network Connection
+
+
+
+The
+**iwlwifi**
+driver supports PCIe devices from the
+**mvm**
+sub-driver with the following chipset generations:
+
+*	7000
+*	8000
+*	9000
+*	22000
+*	AX210
+
+The
+**iwlwifi**
+driver supports PCIe devices from the
+**mld**
+sub-driver with the following chipset generations:
+
+*	BZ
+*	SC
+
+These chipset generations match the following common device names:
+
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 7260
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless N 7260
+*	Intel(R) Wireless N 7260
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 3160
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless N 3160
+*	Intel(R) Wireless N 3160
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 3165
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 3168
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 7265
+*	Intel(R) Wireless N 7265
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless N 7265
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 8260
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless N 8260
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 4165
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 8265
+*	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 8275
+*	Killer (R) Wireless-AC 1550 Wireless Network Adapter (9260NGW) 160MHz
+*	Killer (R) Wireless-AC 1550s Wireless Network Adapter (9560NGW)
+*	Killer (R) Wireless-AC 1550i Wireless Network Adapter (9560NGW)
+*	Killer(R) Wireless-AC 1550s Wireless Network Adapter (9560D2W) 160MHz
+*	Killer(R) Wireless-AC 1550i Wireless Network Adapter (9560NGW) 160MHz
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX1690s 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (411D2W)
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX1690i 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (411NGW)
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9260-1
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX200 160MHz
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX1650w 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (200D2W)
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX1650x 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (200NGW)
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX201 160MHz
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX1650s 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (201D2W)
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX1650i 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (201NGW)
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX1650s 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (201NGW)
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX1650i 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (201D2W)
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX211 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX210 160MHz
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX1675w 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (210D2W)
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX1675x 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (210NGW)
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX411 160MHz
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX1675s 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (211NGW)
+*	Killer(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX1675i 160MHz Wireless Network Adapter (211NGW)
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9461 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9461
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9462 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9462
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9560 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9560
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9270 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9270
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9162 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9162
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9260 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9260
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX101
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX203
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX231 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 7 BE201 320MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 7 BE200 320MHz
+*	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 7 BE202 160MHz
+*	Intel(R) TBD Sc device
+*	Intel(R) TBD Sc2 device
+*	Intel(R) TBD Sc2f device
+
+
+
+The
+**iwm**
+driver supports the following PCIe Wi-Fi devices:
+
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 3160
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 3165
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 3168
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 7260
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 7265
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 8260
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 8265
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 9260
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 9270
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 946X
+*	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 9560
+
+
+
+The
+**iwn**
+driver provides support for:
+
+*	Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6200
+*	Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205
+*	Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6230
+*	Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6235
+*	Intel Centrino Advanced-N + WiMAX 6250
+*	Intel Centrino Ultimate-N 6300
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 100
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 105
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 130
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 135
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 1000
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 1030
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2200
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2230
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 4965
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 5100
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 6150
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 6200
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N 6250
+*	Intel Centrino Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150
+*	Intel Ultimate N WiFi Link 5300
+*	Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965
+*	Intel WiFi Link 5100
+*	Intel WiMAX/WiFi Link 5150
+*	Intel WiMAX/WiFi Link 5350
+
+
+
+
+The following cards are among those supported by the
+**malo**
+driver:
+
+	*Card*             *Chip*     *Bus*  *Standard*  
+	Netgear WG311v3    88W8335    PCI    b/g  
+	Tenda TWL542P      88W8335    PCI    b/g  
+	U-Khan UW-2054i    88W8335    PCI    b/g
+
+
+Marvell 88W8363 IEEE 802.11n wireless network adapters (man:mwl[4] driver)
+
+
+
+The
+**otus**
+driver provides support for Atheros AR9170 USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n
+wireless network adapters, including:
+
+*	3Com 3CRUSBN275
+*	Arcadyan WN7512
+*	CACE AirPcap Nx
+*	D-Link DWA-130 rev D1
+*	D-Link DWA-160 rev A1
+*	D-Link DWA-160 rev A2
+*	IO-Data WN-GDN/US2
+*	NEC Aterm WL300NU-G
+*	Netgear WNDA3100
+*	Netgear WN111 v2
+*	Planex GW-US300
+*	SMC Networks SMCWUSB-N2
+*	TP-Link TL-WN821N v1, v2
+*	Ubiquiti SR71 USB
+*	Unex DNUA-81
+*	Z-Com UB81
+*	Z-Com UB82
+*	ZyXEL NWD-271N
+
+
+
+The
+**ral**
+driver supports PCI/PCIe/CardBus wireless adapters based on Ralink Technology
+chipsets, including:
+
+	*Card*                       *MAC/BBP*  *Bus*  
+	A-Link WL54H                 RT2560     PCI  
+	A-Link WL54PC                RT2560     CardBus  
+	AirLink101 AWLC5025          RT2661     CardBus  
+	AirLink101 AWLH5025          RT2661     PCI  
+	Amigo AWI-914W               RT2560     CardBus  
+	Amigo AWI-922W               RT2560     mini-PCI  
+	Amigo AWI-926W               RT2560     PCI  
+	AMIT WL531C                  RT2560     CardBus  
+	AMIT WL531P                  RT2560     PCI  
+	AOpen AOI-831                RT2560     PCI  
+	ASUS WL-107G                 RT2560     CardBus  
+	ASUS WL-130g                 RT2560     PCI  
+	Atlantis Land A02-PCI-W54    RT2560     PCI  
+	Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54    RT2560     CardBus  
+	Belkin F5D7000 v3            RT2560     PCI  
+	Belkin F5D7010 v2            RT2560     CardBus  
+	Billionton MIWLGRL           RT2560     mini-PCI  
+	Canyon CN-WF511              RT2560     PCI  
+	Canyon CN-WF513              RT2560     CardBus  
+	CC&C WL-2102                 RT2560     CardBus  
+	CNet CWC-854                 RT2560     CardBus  
+	CNet CWP-854                 RT2560     PCI  
+	Compex WL54G                 RT2560     CardBus  
+	Compex WLP54G                RT2560     PCI  
+	Conceptronic C54RC           RT2560     CardBus  
+	Conceptronic C54Ri           RT2560     PCI  
+	D-Link DWA-525 rev A2        RT5392     PCI  
+	Digitus DN-7001G-RA          RT2560     CardBus  
+	Digitus DN-7006G-RA          RT2560     PCI  
+	E-Tech WGPC02                RT2560     CardBus  
+	E-Tech WGPI02                RT2560     PCI  
+	Edimax EW-7108PCg            RT2560     CardBus  
+	Edimax EW-7128g              RT2560     PCI  
+	Eminent EM3036               RT2560     CardBus  
+	Eminent EM3037               RT2560     PCI  
+	Encore ENLWI-G-RLAM          RT2560     PCI  
+	Encore ENPWI-G-RLAM          RT2560     CardBus  
+	Fiberline WL-400P            RT2560     PCI  
+	Fibreline WL-400X            RT2560     CardBus  
+	Gigabyte GN-WI01GS           RT2561S    mini-PCI  
+	Gigabyte GN-WIKG             RT2560     mini-PCI  
+	Gigabyte GN-WMKG             RT2560     CardBus  
+	Gigabyte GN-WP01GS           RT2561S    PCI  
+	Gigabyte GN-WPKG             RT2560     PCI  
+	Hawking HWC54GR              RT2560     CardBus  
+	Hawking HWP54GR              RT2560     PCI  
+	iNexQ CR054g-009 (R03)       RT2560     PCI  
+	JAHT WN-4054P                RT2560     CardBus  
+	JAHT WN-4054PCI              RT2560     PCI  
+	LevelOne WNC-0301 v2         RT2560     PCI  
+	LevelOne WPC-0301 v2         RT2560     CardBus  
+	Linksys WMP54G v4            RT2560     PCI  
+	Micronet SP906GK             RT2560     PCI  
+	Micronet SP908GK V3          RT2560     CardBus  
+	Minitar MN54GCB-R            RT2560     CardBus  
+	Minitar MN54GPC-R            RT2560     PCI  
+	MSI CB54G2                   RT2560     CardBus  
+	MSI MP54G2                   RT2560     mini-PCI  
+	MSI PC54G2                   RT2560     PCI  
+	OvisLink EVO-W54PCI          RT2560     PCI  
+	PheeNet HWL-PCIG/RA          RT2560     PCI  
+	Planex GW-NS300N             RT2860     CardBus  
+	Pro-Nets CB80211G            RT2560     CardBus  
+	Pro-Nets PC80211G            RT2560     PCI  
+	Repotec RP-WB7108            RT2560     CardBus  
+	Repotec RP-WP0854            RT2560     PCI  
+	SATech SN-54C                RT2560     CardBus  
+	SATech SN-54P                RT2560     PCI  
+	Sitecom WL-112               RT2560     CardBus  
+	Sitecom WL-115               RT2560     PCI  
+	SMC SMCWCB-GM                RT2661     CardBus  
+	SMC SMCWPCI-GM               RT2661     PCI  
+	SparkLAN WL-685R             RT2560     CardBus  
+	Surecom EP-9321-g            RT2560     PCI  
+	Surecom EP-9321-g1           RT2560     PCI  
+	Surecom EP-9428-g            RT2560     CardBus  
+	Sweex LC500050               RT2560     CardBus  
+	Sweex LC700030               RT2560     PCI  
+	TekComm NE-9321-g            RT2560     PCI  
+	TekComm NE-9428-g            RT2560     CardBus  
+	Unex CR054g-R02              RT2560     PCI  
+	Unex MR054g-R02              RT2560     CardBus  
+	Zinwell ZWX-G160             RT2560     CardBus  
+	Zinwell ZWX-G360             RT2560     mini-PCI  
+	Zinwell ZWX-G361             RT2560     PCI  
+	Zonet ZEW1500                RT2560     CardBus  
+	Zonet ZEW1600                RT2560     PCI
+
+
+
+The
+**rsu**
+driver provides support for Realtek RTL8188SU/RTL8192SU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n
+wireless network adapters, including:
+
+*	ASUS USB-N10
+*	ASUS WL-167G V3
+*	Belkin F7D1101 v1
+*	D-Link DWA-131 A1
+*	EDUP EP-MS150N(W)
+*	Edimax EW-7622UMN
+*	Hercules HWGUn-54
+*	Hercules HWNUm-300
+*	Planex GW-USNano
+*	Sitecom WL-349 v1
+*	Sitecom WL-353
+*	Sweex LW154
+*	TRENDnet TEW-646UBH
+*	TRENDnet TEW-648UB
+*	TRENDnet TEW-649UB
+
+
+
+The
+**rtw88**
+driver supports PCIe devices with the following chipsets:
+
+*	Realtek 802.11n  wireless 8723de (RTL8723DE)
+*	Realtek 802.11ac wireless 8821ce (RTL8821CE)
+*	Realtek 802.11ac wireless 8822be (RTL8822BE)
+*	Realtek 802.11ac wireless 8822ce (RTL8822CE)
+
+
+
+The
+**rtw89**
+driver supports PCIe devices with the following chipsets:
+
+*	Realtek 8851BE Wi-Fi 6  (RTL8851BE)
+*	Realtek 8852AE Wi-Fi 6  (RTL8852AE)
+*	Realtek 8852BE Wi-Fi 6  (RTL8852BE)
+*	Realtek 8852CE Wi-Fi 6E (RTL8852CE)
+*	Realtek 8922AE Wi-Fi 7  (RTL8922AE)
+
+
+
+The
+**rtwn\_pci**
+driver supports the following PCIe Wi-Fi devices:
+
+*	Realtek 802.11n wireless 8188  (RTL8188EE)
+*	Realtek 802.11n wireless 8192  (RTL8192CE)
+
+
+
+The
+**rtwn\_usb**
+driver supports USB wireless network adapters based on certain
+Realtek RTL 8188/8192/8812 and 8821 chipsets, including:
+
+	*Card*                                *Chip*        *Bus*  
+	Alfa AWUS036NHR v2                    RTL8188RU     USB 2.0  
+	ASUS USB-AC56                         RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	ASUS USB-N10 NANO                     RTL8188CUS    USB 2.0  
+	ASUS USB-N10 NANO rev B1              RTL8188EUS    USB 2.0  
+	Asus USB-N13, rev. B1                 RTL8192CU     USB 2.0  
+	Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro    RTL8188CUS    USB 2.0  
+	Buffalo WI-U2-433DHP                  RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	Buffalo WI-U2-433DM                   RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	Buffalo WI-U3-866D                    RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	D-Link DWA-121 rev C1A (N150 Nano)    RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	D-Link DWA-123 rev D1                 RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	D-Link DWA-125 rev D1                 RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	D-Link DWA-131                        RTL8192CU     USB 2.0  
+	D-Link DWA-131 rev E1                 RTL8192EU     USB 2.0  
+	D-Link DWA-171 rev A1                 RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	D-Link DWA-172 rev A1                 RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	D-Link DWA-180 rev A1                 RTL8812AU     USB 2.0  
+	D-Link DWA-182 rev C1                 RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	Edimax EW-7811Un                      RTL8188CUS    USB 2.0  
+	Edimax EW-7811UTC                     RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	Edimax EW-7822UAC                     RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	EDUP EP-AC1620                        RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	Elecom WDC-150SU2M                    RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	EnGenius EUB1200AC                    RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	Foxconn WFUR6                         RTL8812AU     USB 2.0  
+	Hawking HD65U                         RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	Hercules Wireless N USB Pico          RTL8188CUS    USB 2.0  
+	I-O Data WN-AC867U                    RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	Linksys WUSB6300                      RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	NEC AtermWL900U PA-WL900U             RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	Netgear A6100                         RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	Netgear WNA1000M                      RTL8188CUS    USB 2.0  
+	Mercusys MW150US                      RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	Planex GW-900D                        RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	Realtek RTL8192CU                     RTL8192CU     USB 2.0  
+	Realtek RTL8188CUS                    RTL8188CUS    USB 2.0  
+	Sitecom WLA-7100                      RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	TP-Link Archer T2U Nano               RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-Link Archer T2U Plus               RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-Link Archer T2U v3                 RTL8821AU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-Link Archer T4U                    RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	TP-Link Archer T4U v2                 RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	TP-Link Archer T4UH v1                RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	TP-Link Archer T4UH v2                RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	TP-Link TL-WN722N v2                  RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3                  RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2                  RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN727N v5                  RTL8188EU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN821N v4                  RTL8192CU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN821N v5                  RTL8192EU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN822N v4                  RTL8192EU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN823N v1                  RTL8192CU     USB 2.0  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN823N v2                  RTL8192EU     USB 2.0  
+	TRENDnet TEW-805UB                    RTL8812AU     USB 3.0  
+	ZyXEL NWD6605                         RTL8812AU     USB 3.0
+
+
+
+The
+**rum**
+driver supports USB 2.0 wireless
+adapters based on the Ralink RT2501USB and RT2601USB chipsets,
+including:
+
+	*Card*                       *Bus*  
+	3Com Aolynk WUB320g          USB  
+	Abocom WUG2700 Ta            USB  
+	Airlink101 AWLL5025          USB  
+	ASUS WL-167g ver 2           USB  
+	Belkin F5D7050 ver 3         USB  
+	Belkin F5D9050 ver 3         USB  
+	Buffalo WLI-U2-SG54HP        USB  
+	Buffalo WLI-U2-SG54HG        USB  
+	Buffalo WLI-U2-G54HP         USB  
+	Buffalo WLI-UC-G             USB  
+	CNet CWD-854 ver F           USB  
+	Conceptronic C54RU ver 2     USB  
+	Corega CG-WLUSB2GO           USB  
+	D-Link DWA-110               USB  
+	D-Link DWA-111               USB  
+	D-Link DWL-G122 rev C1       USB  
+	D-Link WUA-1340              USB  
+	Digitus DN-7003GR            USB  
+	Edimax EW-7318USG            USB  
+	Gigabyte GN-WB01GS           USB  
+	Gigabyte GN-WI05GS           USB  
+	Hawking HWUG1                USB  
+	Hawking HWU54DM              USB  
+	Hercules HWGUSB2-54-LB       USB  
+	Hercules HWGUSB2-54V2-AP     USB  
+	LevelOne WNC-0301USB v3      USB  
+	Linksys WUSB54G rev C        USB  
+	Linksys WUSB54GR             USB  
+	Planex GW-US54HP             USB  
+	Planex GW-US54Mini2          USB  
+	Planex GW-USMM               USB  
+	Senao NUB-3701               USB  
+	Sitecom WL-113 ver 2         USB  
+	Sitecom WL-172               USB  
+	Sweex LW053                  USB  
+	TP-LINK TL-WN321G v1/v2/v3   USB
+
+
+
+The
+**run**
+driver supports the following wireless adapters:
+
+*	Airlink101 AWLL6090
+*	ASUS USB-N11
+*	ASUS USB-N13 ver. A1
+*	ASUS USB-N14
+*	ASUS USB-N66
+*	ASUS WL-160N
+*	Belkin F5D8051 ver 3000
+*	Belkin F5D8053
+*	Belkin F5D8055
+*	Belkin F6D4050 ver 1
+*	Belkin F9L1103
+*	Buffalo WLI-UC-AG300N
+*	Buffalo WLI-UC-G300HP
+*	Buffalo WLI-UC-G300N
+*	Buffalo WLI-UC-G301N
+*	Buffalo WLI-UC-GN
+*	Buffalo WLI-UC-GNM
+*	Buffalo WLI-UC-GNM2
+*	Corega CG-WLUSB2GNL
+*	Corega CG-WLUSB2GNR
+*	Corega CG-WLUSB300AGN
+*	Corega CG-WLUSB300GNM
+*	D-Link DWA-130 rev B1
+*	D-Link DWA-130 rev F1
+*	D-Link DWA-140 rev B1, B2, B3, D1
+*	D-Link DWA-160 rev B2
+*	D-Link DWA-162
+*	DrayTek Vigor N61
+*	Edimax EW-7711UAn
+*	Edimax EW-7711UTn
+*	Edimax EW-7717Un
+*	Edimax EW-7718Un
+*	Edimax EW-7733UnD
+*	Gigabyte GN-WB30N
+*	Gigabyte GN-WB31N
+*	Gigabyte GN-WB32L
+*	Hawking HWDN1
+*	Hawking HWUN1
+*	Hawking HWUN2
+*	Hercules HWNU-300
+*	Linksys WUSB54GC v3
+*	Linksys WUSB600N
+*	Logitec LAN-W150N/U2
+*	Mvix Nubbin MS-811N
+*	Panda Wireless PAU06
+*	Planex GW-USMicroN
+*	Planex GW-US300MiniS
+*	Sitecom WL-182
+*	Sitecom WL-188
+*	Sitecom WL-301
+*	Sitecom WL-302
+*	Sitecom WL-315
+*	SMC SMCWUSBS-N2
+*	Sweex LW303
+*	Sweex LW313
+*	TP-LINK TL-WDN3200
+*	TP-LINK TL-WN321G v4
+*	TP-LINK TL-WN727N v3
+*	Unex DNUR-81
+*	Unex DNUR-82
+*	ZyXEL NWD2705
+*	ZyXEL NWD210N
+*	ZyXEL NWD270N
+
+
+
+The
+**uath**
+driver should work with the following adapters:
+
+	*Adapter*                            *Chipset*  
+	`Compex WLU108AG`                    AR5005UX  
+	`Compex WLU108G`                     AR5005UG  
+	`D-Link DWL-G132`                    AR5005UG  
+	`IODATA WN-G54/US`                   AR5005UG  
+	`MELCO WLI-U2-KAMG54`                AR5005UX  
+	`Netgear WG111T`                     AR5005UG  
+	`Netgear WG111U`                     AR5005UX  
+	`Netgear WPN111`                     AR5005UG  
+	`Olitec 000544`                      AR5005UG  
+	`PLANET WDL-U357`                    AR5005UX  
+	`Siemens Gigaset 108`                AR5005UG  
+	`SMC SMCWUSBT-G`                     AR5005UG  
+	`SMC SMCWUSBT-G2`                    AR5005UG  
+	`SparkLAN WL-785A`                   AR5005UX  
+	`TP-Link TL-WN620G`                  AR5005UG  
+	`TRENDware International TEW-444UB`  AR5005UG  
+	`TRENDware International TEW-504UB`  AR5005UX  
+	`Unex Technology UR054ag`            AR5005UX  
+	`ZyXEL XtremeMIMO M-202`             AR5005UX
+
+
+
+The
+**upgt**
+driver supports USB 2.0 Conexant/Intersil PrismGT series wireless
+adapters based on the GW3887 chipset, among them:
+
+*	Belkin F5D7050 (version 1000)
+*	Cohiba Proto Board
+*	D-Link DWL-G120 Cohiba
+*	FSC Connect2Air E-5400 USB D1700
+*	Gigaset USB Adapter 54
+*	Inventel UR045G
+*	Netgear WG111v1 (rev2)
+*	SMC EZ ConnectG SMC2862W-G
+*	Sagem XG703A
+*	Spinnaker DUT
+*	Spinnaker Proto Board
+
+
+
+The
+**ural**
+driver supports USB 2.0 wireless adapters based on the Ralink Technology
+RT2500USB chipset, including:
+
+	*Card*                       *Bus*  
+	AMIT WL532U                  USB  
+	ASUS WL-167g                 USB  
+	Belkin F5D7050 v2000         USB  
+	Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54-AI       USB  
+	CNet CWD-854                 USB  
+	Compex WLU54G 2A1100         USB  
+	Conceptronic C54RU           USB  
+	D-Link DWL-G122 b1           USB  
+	Dynalink WLG25USB            USB  
+	E-Tech WGUS02                USB  
+	Gigabyte GN-WBKG             USB  
+	Hercules HWGUSB2-54          USB  
+	KCORP LifeStyle KLS-685      USB  
+	Linksys WUSB54G v4           USB  
+	Linksys WUSB54GP v4          USB  
+	MSI MS-6861                  USB  
+	MSI MS-6865                  USB  
+	MSI MS-6869                  USB  
+	NovaTech NV-902              USB  
+	OvisLink Evo-W54USB          USB  
+	SerComm UB801R               USB  
+	SparkLAN WL-685R             USB  
+	Surecom EP-9001-g            USB  
+	Sweex LC100060               USB  
+	Tonze UW-6200C               USB  
+	Zinwell ZWX-G261             USB  
+	Zonet ZEW2500P               USB
+
+An up to date list can be found at
+*http://ralink.rapla.net/*.
+
+
+
+The
+**urtw**
+driver supports Realtek RTL8187B/L based wireless network devices, including:
+
+	*Card*                        *Radio*    *Bus*  
+	Belkin F5D7050E               RTL8225    USB  
+	Linksys WUSB54GCv2            RTL8225    USB  
+	Netgear WG111v2               RTL8225    USB  
+	Netgear WG111v3               RTL8225    USB  
+	Safehome WLG-1500SMA5         RTL8225    USB  
+	Shuttle XPC Accessory PN20    RTL8225    USB  
+	Sitecom WL168v1               RTL8225    USB  
+	Sitecom WL168v4               RTL8225    USB  
+	SureCom EP-9001-g(2A)         RTL8225    USB  
+	TRENDnet TEW-424UB V3.xR      RTL8225    USB
+
+
+
+The
+**wpi**
+driver provides support for the
+Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Mini PCIe network adapter.
+
+
+
+The following devices are known to be supported by the
+**zyd**
+driver:
+
+*	3COM 3CRUSB10075
+*	Acer WLAN-G-US1
+*	Airlink+ AWLL3025
+*	Airlink 101 AWLL3026
+*	AOpen 802.11g WL54
+*	Asus A9T integrated wireless
+*	Asus WL-159g
+*	Belkin F5D7050 v.4000
+*	Billion BiPAC 3011G
+*	Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54L
+*	CC&C WL-2203B
+*	DrayTek Vigor 550
+*	Edimax EW-7317UG
+*	Edimax EW-7317LDG
+*	Fiberline Networks WL-43OU
+*	iNexQ UR055g
+*	Linksys WUSBF54G
+*	Longshine LCS-8131G3
+*	MSI US54SE
+*	MyTek MWU-201 USB adapter
+*	Philips SNU5600
+*	Planet WL-U356
+*	Planex GW-US54GZ
+*	Planex GW-US54GZL
+*	Planex GW-US54Mini
+*	Safecom SWMULZ-5400
+*	Sagem XG 760A
+*	Sagem XG 76NA
+*	Sandberg Wireless G54 USB
+*	Sitecom WL-113
+*	SMC SMCWUSB-G
+*	Sweex wireless USB 54 Mbps
+*	Tekram/Siemens USB adapter
+*	Telegent TG54USB
+*	Trendnet TEW-424UB rev A
+*	Trendnet TEW-429UB
+*	TwinMOS G240
+*	Unicorn WL-54G
+*	US Robotics 5423
+*	X-Micro XWL-11GUZX
+*	Yakumo QuickWLAN USB
+*	Zonet ZEW2501
+*	ZyXEL ZyAIR G-202
+*	ZyXEL ZyAIR G-220
+
+
+[[misc-network]]
+=== Miscellaneous Networks
+
+
+
+
+
+
+The
+**u3g**
+driver supports the following cellular modems:
+
+*	Option GT 3G Fusion, GT Fusion Quad, etc.
+	(3G only, not WLAN)
+*	Option GT 3G, GT 3G Quad, etc.
+*	Vodafone Mobile Connect Card 3G
+*	Vodafone Mobile Broadband K3772-Z
+*	Qualcomm Inc. CDMA MSM
+*	Qualcomm Inc. GOBI 1000, 2000 and 3000 devices with MDM1000 or MDM2000 chipsets
+*	QUECTEL BGX, ECX, EGX, EMX, EPX, RGX series
+*	Quectel EM160R
+	(see *CAVEATS*)
+*	Huawei B190, E180v, E220, E3372, E3372v153, E5573Cs322, ('&lt;Huawei Mobile&gt;')
+*	Novatel U740, MC950D, X950D, etc.
+*	Sierra MC875U, MC8775U, etc.
+*	Panasonic CF-F9 GOBI
+
+Many more are supported, see
+*/sys/dev/usb/serial/u3g.c*
+for the complete list.
+
+
+
+[[serial]]
+=== Serial Interfaces
+
+
+The core component and the kernel interfaces talk to the hardware through the
+hardware interface.
+This interface serves as an abstraction of the hardware and allows varying
+UARTs to be used for serial communications.
+
+
+The
+**uart**
+driver supports the following classes of UARTs:
+
+*	NS8250: standard hardware based on the 8250, 16450, 16550, 16650, 16750 or
+	the 16950 UARTs.
+*	SCC: serial communications controllers supported by the
+	scc(4)
+	device driver.
+
+
+
+The
+**scc**
+driver supports the following classes of Serial Communications Controllers:
+
+*	QUICC: Freescale/NXP QUad Integrated Communications Controllers.
+*	Z8530: Zilog 8530 based serial communications controllers.
+
+
+
+The
+**puc**
+driver supports the following
+PCI multi-port serial and parallel adapters:
+
+*	Sunix SUN1889
+*	HP Diva Serial \[GSP] Multiport UART:
+
+	-	Tosca Console
+	-	Tosca Secondary
+	-	Maestro SP2
+	-	Superdome Console
+	-	Keystone SP2
+	-	Everest SP2
+
+*	VScom:
+
+	-	PCI-800
+	-	PCI-400
+	-	PCI-200
+
+*	Boca Research Turbo Serial:
+
+	-	658
+	-	654
+
+*	Dolphin Peripherals:
+
+	-	4035
+	-	4014
+
+*	Applied Micro Circuits 8 Port UART
+*	Digi Neo:
+
+	-	PCI 4 Port
+	-	PCI 8 Port
+	-	PCIe 8 Port
+	-	PCIe 4 Port
+	-	PCIe 4 Port RJ45
+	-	PCIe 8 Port RJ45
+
+*	Comtrol RocketPort:
+
+	-	550/8 RJ11 part A
+	-	550/8 RJ11 part B
+	-	550/8 Octa part A
+	-	550/8 Octa part B
+	-	550/4 RJ45
+	-	550/Quad
+	-	550/16 part A
+	-	550/16 part B
+	-	550/8 part A
+	-	550/8 part B
+
+*	IBM SurePOS 300 Series (481033H) serial ports
+*	SIIG Cyber I/O PCI (10x family and 20x family):
+
+	-	16C550
+	-	16C650
+	-	16C850
+
+*	SIIG Cyber Parallel Dual PCI (10x family and 20x family):
+*	SIIG Cyber Serial Dual PCI (10x family and 20x family):
+
+	-	16C550
+	-	16C650
+	-	16C850
+
+*	SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI (10x family and 20x family):
+
+	-	16C550
+	-	16C650
+	-	16C850
+
+*	SIIG Cyber 4S PCI (10x family and 20x family):
+
+	-	16C550
+	-	16C650
+	-	16C850
+
+*	SIIG PS8000 8S PCI 16C650 (20x family)
+*	Brainboxes:
+
+	-	PX-101
+	-	PX-246
+	-	PX-257
+	-	PX-260
+	-	PX-279
+	-	PX-310
+	-	PX-313
+	-	PX-320
+	-	PX-346
+	-	PX-368
+	-	PX-420
+	-	PX-431
+	-	PX-475
+	-	PX-803
+	-	PX-820
+	-	PX-831
+	-	PX-846
+	-	PX-857
+	-	UC-101
+	-	UC-203
+	-	UC-253
+	-	UC-257
+	-	UC-260
+	-	UC-268
+	-	UC-279
+	-	UC-302
+	-	UC-310
+	-	UC-313
+	-	UC-346
+	-	UC-357
+	-	UC-368
+	-	UC-414
+	-	UC-420
+	-	UC-431
+	-	UC-475
+	-	UC-607
+	-	UC-836
+	-	UP-189
+	-	UP-200
+	-	UP-869
+	-	UP-880
+
+*	Intashield:
+
+	-	IS-200
+	-	IS-400
+	-	IX-100
+	-	IX-200
+	-	IX-400
+
+*	Quatech:
+
+	-	QSC-100
+	-	DSC-100
+	-	DSC-200/300
+	-	QSC-200/300
+	-	ESC-100D
+	-	ESC-100M
+	-	QSCLP-100
+	-	DSCLP-100
+	-	DSCLP-200/300
+	-	ESCLP-100
+
+*	Moxa Technologies:
+
+	-	Smartio CP-102E/PCIe
+	-	Smartio CP-102EL/PCIe
+	-	Smartio C104H/PCI
+	-	Smartio CP-104UL/PCI
+	-	Smartio CP-104JU/PCI
+	-	Smartio CP-104EL/PCIe
+	-	Smartio CP-104EL-A/PCIe
+	-	CP-112UL
+	-	Industio CP-114
+	-	Smartio CP-114EL/PCIe
+	-	Smartio CP-118EL-A/PCIe
+	-	C168H/PCI
+	-	C168U/PCI
+	-	CP-168EL/PCIe
+	-	Smartio CP-168EL-A/PCIe
+
+*	Exar:
+
+	-	XR17C/D152
+	-	XR17C154
+	-	XR17C158
+	-	XR17V258IV
+	-	XR17V352
+	-	XR17V354
+	-	XR17V358
+
+*	Advantech
+
+	-	PCI-1602 Rev A
+	-	2-port PCI (PCI-1602 Rev B1/PCI-1603)
+
+*	Lava Computers:
+
+	-	Dual Serial
+	-	Quatro A
+	-	Quatro B
+	-	Quattro-PCI A
+	-	Quattro-PCI B
+	-	Octo A
+	-	Octo B
+
+*	Sunix SUN1888
+*	I-O DATA RSA-PCI2/R
+*	SIIG Cyber 4 PCI 16550
+*	SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C650 (20x family)
+*	SIIG Quartet Serial 850
+*	Kuroutoshikou SERIAL4P-LPPCI2
+*	Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 UARTs
+*	SIIG Cyber:
+
+	-	2S PCIe
+	-	Serial Dual PCI 16C850
+	-	2SP1 PCIe
+
+*	Oxford Semiconductor:
+
+	-	OX16PCI954 UARTs
+	-	OX9160/OX16PCI954 UARTs (function 1)
+	-	OX16PCI952 UARTs
+	-	OX16PCI958 UARTs
+
+*	Perle:
+
+	-	Ultraport4 Express
+	-	Speed2 LE
+	-	Speed4 LE
+	-	Speed8 LE
+
+*	Oxford Semiconductor OXPCIe952:
+
+	-	1S1P
+	-	UARTs
+	-	UARTs (function 1)
+
+*	Oxford Semiconductor OXPCIe954:
+
+	-	UARTs
+	-	UARTs (function 1)
+
+*	Oxford Semiconductor OXPCIe958:
+
+	-	UARTs
+	-	UARTs (function 1)
+
+*	VScom:
+
+	-	PCI-100L
+	-	PCI-200L
+	-	200Li
+
+*	Titan:
+
+	-	PCI-800H
+	-	PCI-800H
+	-	PCI-200H
+
+*	Titan VScom:
+
+	-	PCI-800L
+	-	PCI-200HV2
+	-	PCIex-800H
+	-	PCIex-800H
+
+*	Avlab Technology PCI IO 2S
+*	Avlab Low Profile PCI 4 Serial
+*	Syba Tech Ltd PCI-4S2P-550-ECP
+*	Sunix SER5xxxx
+
+	-	2-port serial
+	-	4-port serial
+	-	8-port serial
+
+*	Sunix MIO5xxxx (1284 Printer port):
+
+	-	1-port serial
+	-	2-port serial
+	-	4-port serial
+
+*	Feasso PCI FPP-02 2S1P
+*	Sun 1040 PCI Quad Serial
+*	Decision Computer Inc PCCOM:
+
+	-	4-port serial
+	-	8-port serial
+
+*	PCCOM dual port RS232/422/485
+*	NetMos NM9815 Dual 1284 Printer port
+*	NetMos NM9835:
+
+	-	based 1-port serial
+	-	based 2-port serial
+	-	Dual UART and 1284 Printer port
+
+*	NetMos NM9845:
+
+	-	6 Port UART
+	-	Quad UART and 1284 Printer port
+
+*	NetMos NM9865:
+
+	-	Dual UART
+	-	Triple UART
+	-	Quad UART
+	-	Single UART and 1284 Printer port
+	-	Dual UART and 1284 Printer port
+	-	Dual 1284 Printer port
+
+*	IC Book Labs:
+
+	-	Gunboat x4 Lite
+	-	Gunboat x4 Pro
+	-	Ironclad x8 Lite
+	-	Ironclad x8 Pro
+	-	Dreadnought x16 Pro
+	-	Dreadnought x16 Lite
+	-	Gunboat x2 Low Profile
+	-	Gunboat x4 Low Profile
+
+
+
+The
+**uark**
+driver supports the following adapters:
+
+*	HL USB-RS232
+*	HugePine USB-UART
+*	KQ-U8A Data Cable
+*	Skymaster USB to RS232
+
+
+
+The
+**ubsa**
+driver supports the following adapters:
+
+*	AnyData ADU-500A EV-DO modem
+*	AnyData ADU-E100A (no EV-DO mode support)
+*	Belkin F5U103
+*	Belkin F5U120
+*	e-Tek Labs Kwik232
+*	GoHubs GoCOM232
+*	Peracom single port serial adapter
+
+
+
+The
+**ubser**
+driver provides support for the BWCT console management serial adapters.
+
+
+
+
+The
+**ucycom**
+driver currently supports the following devices which incorporate
+Cypress USB to RS232 bridge chips:
+
+*	DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS receiver
+
+
+
+The
+**uftdi**
+driver supports the following USB to serial UART controllers:
+
+*	FTDI FT4232H
+*	FTDI FT232R
+*	FTDI FT230X
+*	FTDI FT2232H
+*	FTDI FT2232D
+*	FTDI FT2232C
+*	FTDI FT8U232BM
+*	FTDI FT8U232AM
+*	FTDI FT8U100AX
+
+
+
+The
+**umcs**
+driver was tested on the following adapters:
+
+*	ST Lab U-360 two-port serial USB adapter
+*	ST Lab U-400 four-port serial USB adapter
+
+
+
+The
+**umct**
+driver supports the following adapters:
+
+*	Belkin F5U109
+*	Belkin F5U409
+*	D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub
+*	Magic Control Technology USB-232
+*	Sitecom USB-232
+
+
+
+
+The
+**uplcom**
+driver supports the following devices and adapters:
+
+*	ADLINK ND-6530 USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Alcatel One Touch 535/735 Phone
+*	Alcor AU9720 USB-RS232 Serial Adapter
+*	AlDiga AL-11U Modem
+*	Alltronix ACM003U00 Modem
+*	Anchor Serial adapter
+*	ATEN UC-232A
+*	ATEN UC-232B
+*	BAFO BF-800 and BF-810
+*	Belkin F5U257
+*	BenQ S81 Phone
+*	Corega CG-USBRS232R Serial Adapter
+*	Cressi Edy (Seiko) Diving Computer
+*	ELECOM UC-SGT Serial Adapter
+*	HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander
+*	Hama USB RS-232 Serial Adapter
+*	Hamlet exaggerate XURS232
+*	HP LD220 Point-Of-Sale (POS) Display
+*	IOGEAR UC-232A
+*	I/O DATA USB-RSAQ, USB-RSAQ2, USB-RSAQ3 and USB-RSAQ5
+*	iTegno WM1080A GSM/GFPRS Modem
+*	iTegno WM2080A CDMA Modem
+*	Leadtek 9531 GPS
+*	Micromax 610U Modem
+*	Microsoft Palm 700WX
+*	Mobile Action MA-620 Infrared Adapter
+*	Motorola Cables
+*	Nokia CA-42 Cable
+*	OTI DKU-5 cable
+*	Panasonic TY-TP50P6-S flat screen
+*	PLX CA-42 Phone Cable
+*	PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03
+*	Prolific Generic USB-Serial Adapters
+*	Prolific Generic USB-Serial Adapters (HXN)
+*	Prolific Pharos USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Prolific USB-Serial Controller D
+*	RATOC REX-USB60
+*	Radio Shack USB Serial Cable
+*	Sagem USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Samsung I330 Phone Cradle
+*	Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)
+*	Sanwa KB-USB2 Multimeter cable
+*	Siemens/BenQ EF81, SX1, X65 and X75 Mobile Phones
+*	Sitecom USB-Serial Adapter
+*	SMART Technologies USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Sony QN3 Phone Cable
+*	Sony Ericsson Datapilot
+*	Sony Ericsson DCU-10 and DCU-11 (Susteen) USB Cables
+*	SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)
+*	Speed Dragon USB-Serial Cable
+*	Syntech CPT-8001C Barcode Scanner
+*	TDK UHA6400 and UPA9664 USB-PHS Adapters
+*	TRENDnet USB to Serial Converter (TU-S9)
+*	Tripp-Lite U209-000-R USB-Serial Adapter
+*	UIC HCR331 Magnetic Stripe Card Reader
+*	UIC MSR206 Magnetic Stripe Card Reader
+*	Willcom W-SIM DD PHS terminal.(WS002IN)
+*	YC-Cable USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Zeagle N2iTion3 Diving Computer
+
+
+
+The following devices should work with the
+**uslcom**
+driver:
+
+*	AC-Services CAN, CIS-IBUS, IBUS and OBD interfaces
+*	Aerocomm Radio
+*	AKTACOM ACE-1001 cable
+*	AMBER Wireless AMB2560
+*	Arkham DS-101 Adapter
+*	Argussoft ISP
+*	Arygon Technologies Mifare RFID Reader
+*	AVIT Research USB-TTL interface
+*	B&G H3000 Data Cable
+*	Balluff RFID reader
+*	Baltech card reader
+*	BEI USB VCP Sensor
+*	Burnside Telecom Desktop Mobile
+*	chip45.com Crumb128 module
+*	Clipsal 5000CT2, 5500PACA, 5500PCU, 560884, 5800PC, C5000CT2
+	and L51xx C-Bus Home Automation products
+*	Commander 2 EDGE(GSM) Modem
+*	Cygnal Fasttrax GPS and Debug adapter
+*	DataApex MultiCOM USB to RS232 converter
+*	Degree Controls USB adapter
+*	DekTec DTA Plus VHF/UHF Booster
+*	Dell DW700 GPS Receiver
+*	Digianswer ZigBee/802.15.4 MAC
+*	Dynastream ANT Development kits
+*	Elan USBcount50, USBscope50, USBpulse100 and USBwave12
+*	ELV USB-I2C interface
+*	EMS C1007 HF RFID controller
+*	Festo CPX-USB and CMSP interfaces
+*	Gemalto Prox-PU/CU contactless card reader
+*	Helicomm IP-Link 1220-DVM
+*	IMS USB-RS422 adapter
+*	Infinity GPS-MIC-1 Radio Monophone
+*	INSYS Modem
+*	IRZ SG-10 and MC35pu GSM/GPRS Modems
+*	Jablotron PC-60B
+*	Kamstrup M-Bus Master MultiPort 250D
+	and Optical Eye/3 wire utility meter interfaces
+*	Kyocera GPS
+*	Link Instruments MS-019 and MS-028
+	Oscilloscope/Logic Analyzer/Pattern Generators
+*	Lipowsky Baby-JTAG, Baby-LIN and HARP-1
+*	MEI CashFlow SC and Series 2000 cash acceptors
+*	MJS USB-TOSLINK Adapter
+*	MobiData GPRS USB Modems
+*	MSD DashHawk
+*	Multiplex RC adapter
+*	Optris MSpro LT Thermometer
+*	Owen AC4 USB-RS485 converter
+*	Pirelli DP-L10 SIP phone
+*	PLX CA-42 Phone cable
+*	Pololu USB to Serial
+*	Procyon AVS Mind Machine
+*	Renesas RX-Stick for RX610
+*	Siemens MC60 Cable
+*	Silicon Laboratories generic CP2101/CP2102/CP2103/CP2104/CP2105 chips
+*	Software Bisque Paramount ME
+*	SPORTident BSM7-D USB
+*	Suunto Sports Instrument
+*	Syntech CipherLab USB Barcode Scanner
+*	T-Com TC 300 SIP phone
+*	Tams Master Easy Control
+*	Telegesis ETRX2USB
+*	Timewave HamLinkUSB
+*	Tracient RFID Reader
+*	Track Systems Traqmate
+*	Vaisala USB Instrument cable
+*	VStabi Controller
+*	WAGO 750-923 USB Service Cable
+*	WaveSense Jazz Blood Glucose Meter
+*	WIENER Plein & Baus CML Data Logger, RCM Remote,
+	and PL512 and MPOD PSUs
+*	WMR RIGblaster Plug&Play and RIGtalk RT1
+*	Zephyr Bioharness
+
+
+
+The
+**uvscom**
+driver supports the following adapters:
+
+*	DDI Pocket Air H" C@rd
+*	DDI Pocket Air H" C@rd 64
+*	NTT P-in
+*	NTT P-in m@ster
+
+
+[[sound]]
+=== Sound Devices
+
+
+The
+**snd\_als4000**
+driver supports the following sound cards:
+
+*	Avance Logic ALS4000
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_atiixp**
+driver supports the following audio chipsets:
+
+*	ATI IXP 200
+*	ATI IXP 300
+*	ATI IXP 400
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_cmi**
+driver supports the following sound cards:
+
+*	CMedia CMI8338A
+*	CMedia CMI8338B
+*	CMedia CMI8738
+*	CMedia CMI8738B
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_cs4281**
+driver supports the following sound cards:
+
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4281
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_csa**
+driver supports the following sound cards:
+
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4280
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4610
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4611
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4614
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4615
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4622
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4624
+*	Crystal Semiconductor CS4630
+*	Genius Soundmaker 128 Value
+*	Hercules Game Theatre XP
+*	Turtle Beach Santa Cruz
+
+Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec
+instead of the CS4297 AC97 codec.
+Such configurations are not
+supported by the
+**snd\_csa**
+driver yet.
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_emu10k1**
+driver supports the following sound cards:
+
+*	Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)
+*	Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)
+*	Creative SoundBlaster Audigy 2 (EMU10K2 Chipset)
+*	Creative SoundBlaster Audigy 2 (EMU10K3 Chipset)
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_emu10kx**
+driver supports the following sound cards:
+
+*	Creative Sound Blaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset).
+	Both PCM and MIDI interfaces are available.
+*	Creative Sound Blaster Audigy (CA0100 and CA0101 Chipset).
+	PCM and two MIDI interfaces available.
+*	Creative Sound Blaster Audigy 2 and Creative Sound Blaster Audigy 4 (CA0102
+	Chipset).
+	PCM support is limited to 48kHz/16 bit stereo (192kHz/24 bit part
+	of this chipset is not supported).
+*	Creative Sound Blaster Audigy 2 Value (CA0108 Chipset).
+	PCM support is limited
+	to 48kHz/16 bit stereo (192kHz/24 bit part of this chipset is not supported).
+	There is no MIDI support for this card.
+
+The
+**snd\_emu10kx**
+driver does
+*not*
+support the following sound cards (although they have names
+similar to some supported ones):
+
+*	Creative Sound Blaster Live! 24-Bit, identified by
+	FreeBSD
+	as
+	"`emu10k1x Soundblaster Live! 5.1`".
+*	Creative Sound Blaster Audigy LS / ES, identified by
+	FreeBSD
+	as
+	"`CA0106-DAT Audigy LS`".
+*	All other Creative sound cards with -DAT chipsets.
+*	All Creative X-Fi series sound cards.
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_envy24**
+driver supports the following audio devices:
+
+*	M-Audio Audiophile 2496
+*	M-Audio Delta Dio 2496
+*	Terratec DMX 6fire
+
+Only analog playback is supported.
+Recording and other features of these cards are not supported.
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_envy24ht**
+driver supports the following audio devices:
+
+*	Audiotrak Prodigy 7.1
+*	Audiotrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
+*	Audiotrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
+*	Audiotrak Prodigy HD2
+*	ESI Juli@
+*	ESI Juli@ XTe
+*	M-Audio Audiophile 192
+*	M-Audio Revolution 5.1
+*	M-Audio Revolution 7.1
+*	Terratec Aureon 5.1 Sky
+*	Terratec Aureon 7.1 Space
+*	Terratec Aureon 7.1 Universe
+*	Terratec PHASE 22
+*	Terratec PHASE 28
+
+Only analog playback is supported.
+Recording and other features of these cards are not supported.
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_es137x**
+driver supports the following sound cards:
+
+*	Creative CT5880-A
+*	Creative CT5880-C
+*	Creative CT5880-D
+*	Creative CT5880-E
+*	Creative SB AudioPCI CT4730
+*	Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370
+*	Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371-A
+*	Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371-B
+*	Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1373-A
+*	Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1373-B
+*	Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1373-8
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_fm801**
+driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
+
+*	Forte Media FM801
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_hda**
+driver supports PCI class 04h
+(multimedia),
+subclass 03h
+(HDA)
+audio controllers and codecs compatible with the
+Intel High Definition Audio 1.0 specification.
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_hdspe**
+driver supports the following audio devices:
+
+*	RME HDSPe AIO
+*	RME HDSPe RayDAT
+
+By default, each
+pcm(4)
+device corresponds to a physical port on the sound card.
+For ADAT ports, 8 channel, 4 channel and 2 channel formats are supported.
+Depending on sample rate and channel format selected, not all pcm channels can
+be mapped to ADAT channels and vice versa.
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_ich**
+driver supports the following audio devices:
+
+*	AMD 768
+*	AMD 8111
+*	Intel 443MX
+*	Intel ICH
+*	Intel ICH revision 1
+*	Intel ICH2
+*	Intel ICH3
+*	Intel ICH4
+*	Intel ICH5
+*	Intel ICH6
+*	Intel ICH7
+*	NVIDIA nForce
+*	NVIDIA nForce2
+*	NVIDIA nForce2 400
+*	NVIDIA nForce3
+*	NVIDIA nForce3 250
+*	NVIDIA nForce4
+*	SiS 7012
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_maestro3**
+driver supports the following audio devices:
+
+*	ESS Technology Allegro-1
+*	ESS Technology Maestro3
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_neomagic**
+driver supports the following audio devices:
+
+*	NeoMagic 256AV
+*	NeoMagic 256ZX
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_solo**
+driver supports the following sound cards:
+
+*	ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)
+*	ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_spicds**
+driver supports the following codecs:
+
+*	AK4358
+*	AK4381
+*	AK4396
+*	AK4524
+*	AK4528
+*	WM8770
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_t4dwave**
+driver supports the following audio devices:
+
+*	Acer Labs M5451
+*	SIS 7018
+*	Trident 4DWave DX
+*	Trident 4DWave NX
+
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_via8233**
+driver supports the following audio chipsets:
+
+*	VIA VT8233
+*	VIA VT8233A
+*	VIA VT8233C
+*	VIA VT8235
+*	VIA VT8237
+*	VIA VT8251
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_via82c686**
+driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
+
+*	VIA 82C686A
+
+
+
+The
+**snd\_vibes**
+driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
+
+*	S3 SonicVibes
+
+
+[[usb]]
+=== USB Devices
+
+A range of USB peripherals are supported; devices known to work are listed in this section.
+Owing to the generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions any device of a given class will be supported, even if not explicitly listed here.
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+USB Bluetooth adapters can be found in <<bluetooth,Bluetooth>>.
+
+USB human interface devices can be found in <<misc,Miscellaneous>>.
+
+USB network interfaces can be found in <<ethernet,Ethernet Interfaces>> or <<wlan,Wireless Network Interfaces>>.
+
+USB serial interfaces can be found in <<serial,Serial Interfaces>>.
+====
+
+
+The
+**atp**
+driver provides support for the following Product IDs:
+
+*	PowerBooks, iBooks (IDs: 0x020e, 0x020f, 0x0210, 0x0214, 0x0215, 0x0216)
+*	Core Duo MacBook & MacBook Pro (IDs: 0x0217, 0x0218, 0x0219)
+*	Core2 Duo MacBook & MacBook Pro (IDs: 0x021a, 0x021b, 0x021c)
+*	Core2 Duo MacBook3,1 (IDs: 0x0229, 0x022a, 0x022b)
+*	12 inch PowerBook and iBook (IDs: 0x030a, 0x030b)
+*	15 inch PowerBook (IDs: 0x020e, 0x020f, 0x0215)
+*	17 inch PowerBook (ID: 0x020d)
+*	Almost all recent Macbook-Pros and Airs (IDs: 0x0223, 0x0223, 0x0224, 0x0224,
+	0x0225, 0x0225, 0x0230, 0x0230, 0x0231, 0x0231, 0x0232, 0x0232, 0x0236,
+	0x0236, 0x0237, 0x0237, 0x0238, 0x0238, 0x023f, 0x023f, 0x0240, 0x0241,
+	0x0242, 0x0243, 0x0244, 0x0245, 0x0246, 0x0247, 0x0249, 0x024a, 0x024b,
+	0x024c, 0x024d, 0x024e, 0x0252, 0x0252, 0x0253, 0x0253, 0x0254, 0x0254,
+	0x0259, 0x025a, 0x025b, 0x0262, 0x0262, 0x0263, 0x0264, 0x0290, 0x0291,
+	0x0292)
+
+
+
+The
+**atopcase**
+driver supports the following MacBooks produced in 2015-2018 years:
+
+*	Macbook8,1
+*	Macbook9,1
+*	Macbook10,1
+*	MacbookPro11,4
+*	MacbookPro12,1
+*	MacbookPro13,1
+*	MacbookPro13,2
+*	MacbookPro13,3
+*	MacbookPro14,1
+*	MacbookPro14,2
+*	MacbookPro14,3
+
+
+
+The
+**abtn**
+driver supports extended keyboard keys (special F-keys) on the following devices:
+
+*	Apple iBook Keyboard
+*	Apple PowerBook Keyboard
+
+
+
+Devices supported by the
+**akbd**
+driver include:
+
+*	Apple Extended Keyboard
+*	Apple Keyboard II
+*	Apple iBook Keyboard
+*	Apple PowerBook Keyboard
+
+
+
+Devices supported by the
+**ams**
+driver include:
+
+*	Apple Mouse
+*	ADB Extended Mouse
+*	MacAlly 2-Button Mouse
+*	Apple iBook Trackpad
+*	Apple PowerBook Trackpad
+
+
+The man:ehci[4] driver supports USB 2.0 controllers implementing the Enhanced Host Controller Interface standard.
+
+
+The
+**ohci**
+driver supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:
+
+*	AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)
+*	AMD-756
+*	OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)
+*	NEC uPD 9210
+*	CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)
+*	CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)
+*	NVIDIA nForce3
+
+
+
+The following devices are supported by the
+**ugold**
+driver:
+
+*	RDing TEMPer1V1.2
+
+
+
+The
+**uhci**
+driver supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:
+
+*	Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)
+*	Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)
+*	VIA 83C572
+
+
+
+The
+**uipaq**
+driver supports the following iPAQ devices:
+
+*	ASUS P535 PDA
+*	Casio BE300 PDA
+*	Compaq IPaq PocketPC
+*	HP Jornada 568
+*	HP iPAQ 22xx/Jornada 548
+*	HTC PPC6700 Modem
+*	HTC Smart Phone
+*	HTC Winmobile
+*	Sharp W-ZERO3 ES Spart Phone
+*	Most Windows CE based phones
+
+
+
+
+The following devices are supported by the
+**urio**
+driver:
+
+*	Diamond MultiMedia Rio 500
+*	Diamond MultiMedia Rio 600
+*	Diamond MultiMedia Rio 800
+
+
+
+Devices supported by the
+**umodem**
+driver include:
+
+*	3Com 5605
+*	Curitel PC5740 Wireless Modem
+*	Kyocera AH-K3001V Mobile Phone(WILLCOM)
+*	Kyocera WX320K Mobile Phone(WILLCOM)
+*	Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem
+*	Sierra MC5720 Wireless Modem
+*	Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b
+*	ELSA MicroLink 56k USB modem
+*	Sony Ericsson W810i phone
+*	Sonim XP5300 Force
+
+
+
+The
+**rtsx**
+driver supports the following Realtek SD card readers:
+
+*	RTS5209
+*	RTS5227
+*	RTS5229
+*	RTS522A
+*	RTS525A
+*	RTS5260
+*	RTL8411B
+*	RTS5249 (unverified)
+*	RTL8402 (unverified)
+*	RTL8411 (unverified)
+
+
+
+The
+**ulpt**
+driver provides support for USB printers and parallel printer
+conversion cables, including the following:
+
+*	ATen parallel printer adapter
+*	Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter
+*	Canon BJ F850, S600
+*	Canon LBP-1310, 350
+*	Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter
+
+
+The
+**umct**
+driver supports the following adapters:
+
+*	Belkin F5U109
+*	Belkin F5U409
+*	D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub
+*	Magic Control Technology USB-232
+*	Sitecom USB-232
+
+
+
+The
+**uvisor**
+driver supports the following devices:
+
+*	Aceeca Mez1000 RDA
+*	Handspring Treo
+*	Handspring Treo 600
+*	Handspring Visor
+*	Palm I705
+*	Palm M125
+*	Palm M130
+*	Palm M500
+*	Palm M505
+*	Palm M515
+*	Palm Tungsten T
+*	Palm Tungsten Z
+*	Palm Zire
+*	Palm Zire 31
+*	Sony Clie 4.0
+*	Sony Clie 4.1
+*	Sony Clie 5.0
+*	Sony Clie PEG-S500C
+*	Sony Clie NX60
+*	Sony Clie S360
+*	Sony Clie TJ37
+
+
+
+The
+**xhci**
+driver supports
+`XHCI`
+compatible controllers having PCI class 12 (serial bus),
+subclass 3 (USB) and programming interface 48 (XHCI).
+
+
+[[firewire]]
+=== IEEE 1394 (Firewire) Devices
+
+
+The
+**fwohci**
+driver provides support for PCI/CardBus FireWire interface cards.
+The driver supports the following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:
+
+*	Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800
+*	Apple Pangea
+*	Apple UniNorth
+*	Intel 82372FB
+*	IOGEAR GUF320
+*	Lucent / Agere FW322/323
+*	NEC uPD72861
+*	NEC uPD72870
+*	NEC uPD72871/2
+*	NEC uPD72873
+*	NEC uPD72874
+*	National Semiconductor CS4210
+*	Ricoh R5C551
+*	Ricoh R5C552
+*	Sony CX3022
+*	Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)
+*	Texas Instruments PCI4410A
+*	Texas Instruments PCI4450
+*	Texas Instruments PCI4451
+*	Texas Instruments TSB12LV22
+*	Texas Instruments TSB12LV23
+*	Texas Instruments TSB12LV26
+*	Texas Instruments TSB43AA22
+*	Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP
+*	Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A
+*	Texas Instruments TSB43AB23
+*	Texas Instruments TSB82AA2
+*	VIA Fire II (VT6306)
+
+
+[amd64, i386] Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) storage devices (man:sbp[4] driver)
+
+[[bluetooth]]
+=== Bluetooth Devices
+
+
+The
+**ng\_ubt**
+driver supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with
+the Bluetooth specification v1.1, including:
+
+*	3Com 3CREB96
+*	AIPTEK BR0R02
+*	EPoX BT-DG02
+*	Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter
+*	MSI MS-6967
+*	TDK Bluetooth USB adapter
+*	Broadcom Bluetooth USB adapter
+
+
+[[crypto-accel]]
+=== Cryptographic Accelerators
+
+The man:aesni[4] driver supports the AES and SHA functions of x86 processors.
+
+The man:armv8crypto[4] driver supports the AES, SHA-1, SHA-2, and finite field Arithmetic engines in processors implementing the ARMv8 Cryptograpic Extension.
+
+The **ccp** driver supports the AMD Platform Security Processor (PSP) Cryptographic Coprocessor found in AMD Ryzen devices.
+
+
+The
+**ccr**
+driver supports the crypto accelerator engine included on adapters
+based on the T6 ASIC:
+
+*	Chelsio T6225-CR
+*	Chelsio T6225-SO-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-LP-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-SO-CR
+*	Chelsio T62100-CR
+
+
+The man:glxsb[4] driver supports the security block found in AMD Geode LX devices.
+
+
+The
+**hifn**
+driver supports various cards containing the Hifn 7751, 7951,
+7811, 7955, and 7956
+chipsets, such as:
+
+Invertex AEON
+
+> No longer being made.
+> Came as 128KB SRAM model, or 2MB DRAM model.
+
+Hifn 7751
+
+> Reference board with 512KB SRAM.
+
+PowerCrypt
+
+> Comes with 512KB SRAM.
+
+XL-Crypt
+
+> Only board based on 7811 (which is faster than 7751 and has
+> a random number generator).
+
+NetSec 7751
+
+> Supports the most IPsec sessions, with 1MB SRAM.
+
+Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211
+
+> See
+> *http://www.soekris.com/*.
+> Contains a 7951 and supports symmetric and random number operations.
+
+Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411
+
+> See
+> *http://www.soekris.com/*.
+> Contains a 7955 and supports symmetric and random number operations.
+
+
+The man:padlock[4] driver supports the AES/RNG/RSA/SHA-1, and SHA-2 engine found on Via Technologies C7, C3, and Eden devices.
+
+
+The
+**qat**
+driver supports the following Intel QuickAssist Technology Engines:
+
+*	Intel (R) C62x Chipset
+*	Intel (R) Atom C3000 processor product family
+*	Intel (R) QuickAssist Adapter 8960/Intel (R) QuickAssist Adapter 8970
+	(formerly known as "Lewis Hill")
+*	Intel (R) Communications Chipset 8925 to 8955 Series
+*	Intel (R) Atom P5300 processor product family
+*	Intel (R) QAT 4xxx Series
+
+
+The man:qat_c2xxx[4] driver supports the Intel QuickAssist Technology engine found on Atom C2000 devices.
+
+
+The
+**safe**
+driver supports the following SafeXcel chips:
+
+	SafeNet 1141    The original chipset.
+	Supports DES, Triple-DES, AES, MD5, and SHA-1
+	symmetric crypto operations, RNG, public key operations, and full IPsec
+	packet processing.  
+	SafeNet 1741    A faster version of the 1141.
+
+
+
+The
+**safexcel**
+driver supports the cryptographic acceleration functions of the
+Inside Secure EIP-97 device found on some Marvell systems-on-chip.
+
+
+[[misc]]
+=== Miscellaneous
+
+Keyboards including:
+
+* HID keyboards (man:hkbd[4] driver) over USB, I2C, or Apple SPI
+* USB keyboards (man:ukbd[4] driver)
+* PS/2 keyboards (man:atkbd[4] driver)
+* ADB keyboards (man:akbd[4] driver)
+* AT-style keyboards (man:atkbd[4] driver)
+* Hyper-v keyboards (**hv_kbd** driver)
+
+Pointing devices including:
+
+* HID mice (man:hms[4] driver) and touch devices (man:hmt[4] driver)
+over USB, I2C, Hyper-V, or Apple SPI
+* USB mice (man:ums[4] driver) and touch devices (man:wmt[4] driver)
+* Apple laptop trackpads (man:wsp[4] or man:apt[4] drivers)
+* Elantech I2C touchpads (man:ietp[4] driver)
+* Chromebook Cypress APA I2C touchpads (man:cyapa[4] driver)
+* PS/2 mice and compatible devices,
+including many laptop pointing devices (man:psm[4] driver)
+* ADB mice and touch devices (man:ams[4] driver)
+* Serial mice and compatible devices
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+man:moused[8] has more information on using traditional pointing devices with the FreeBSD console.
+====
+
+[amd64, i386] Floppy drives (man:fdc[4] driver)
+
+[amd64, i386] VGA-compatible video cards (man:vga[4] driver)
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+Information regarding specific video cards and compatibility with Xorg can be found at link:http://www.x.org/[http://www.x.org/].
+====
+
+[amd64, i386] "PC standard" parallel ports (man:ppc[4] driver)
+
+[i386] PHS Data Communication Card/PCCARD
+
+* NTT DoCoMo P-in Comp@ct
+* Panasonic KX-PH405
+* SII MC-P200
+
+
+The
+**ads111x**
+driver provides support for the following devices:
+
+	ADS1013     ADS1113  
+	ADS1014     ADS1114  
+	ADS1015     ADS1115
+
+
+
+The
+**amdsbwd**
+driver supports the following chipsets:
+
+*	AMD SB600/7x0/8x0/9x0 southbridges
+*	AMD Axx/Hudson/Bolton FCHs
+*	AMD FCHs integrated into Family 15h Models 60h-6Fh, 70h-7Fh Processors
+*	AMD FCHs integrated into Family 16h Models 00h-0Fh, 30h-3Fh Processors
+
+
+
+The
+**at45d**
+driver provides support for the following devices:
+
+*	AT45DB011B
+*	AT45DB021B
+*	AT45DB041x
+*	AT45DB081B
+*	AT45DB161x
+*	AT45DB321x
+*	AT45DB321x
+*	AT45DB641E
+*	AT45DB642x
+
+
+
+The
+**gpioths**
+driver provides support for the following devices:
+
+	DHT11       DHT12  
+	DHT21       DHT22  
+	AM3201      AM3202
+
+The supported devices are all similar to each other, varying
+primarily in accuracy and resolution.
+The devices require a single wire for data communications, using a
+custom protocol which is not compatible with Maxim's 1-wire(tm).
+The AM320x devices also support connection to an i2c bus,
+but this driver supports only the single-wire connection option.
+
+
+
+**ig4**
+supports the I2C controllers based on Synopsys DesignWare IP that can be found
+in Intel(R) Core(TM) processors starting from the fourth generation, Intel(R)
+Bay Trail, Apollo Lake SoC families, and some AMD systems.
+
+
+
+The
+**intpm**
+driver supports the following chipsets:
+
+*	Intel 82371AB/82443MX
+*	ATI IXP400
+*	AMD SB600/7x0/8x0/9x0 southbridges
+*	AMD Axx/Hudson/Bolton FCHs
+*	AMD FCH integrated into Family 15h Models 60h-6Fh, 70h-7Fh Processors
+*	AMD FCH integrated into Family 16h Models 00h-0Fh, 30h-3Fh Processors
+
+
+
+The
+**mx25l**
+driver provides support for the following devices:
+
+*	AT25DF641
+*	EN25F32
+*	EN25P32
+*	EN25P64
+*	EN25Q32
+*	EN25Q64
+*	GD25Q64
+*	M25P32
+*	M25P64
+*	MX25L1606E
+*	MX25LL128
+*	MX25LL256
+*	MX25LL32
+*	MX25LL64
+*	S25FL032
+*	S25FL064
+*	S25FL128
+*	S25FL256S
+*	SST25VF010A
+*	SST25VF032B
+*	W25Q128
+*	W25Q256
+*	W25Q32
+*	W25Q64
+*	W25Q64BV
+*	W25X32
+*	W25X64
+
+
+
+The current version of the
+**netfpga10g\_nf10bmac**
+driver works with one PIO mode interface of the
+NetFPGA-10G Embedded CPU Ethernet Core version 1.00a.
+
+
+
+The following PLX/Avago/Broadcom chips are supported by the
+**ntb\_hw\_plx**
+driver:
+
+*	PEX 8713
+*	PEX 8717
+*	PEX 8725
+*	PEX 8733
+*	PEX 8749
+
+, but it may also work with other compatible ones.
+
+
+
+These temperature sensors are supported by the
+**ow\_temp**
+driver:
+
+DS1820
+
+> 1-Wire Digital Thermometer
+
+DS18S20
+
+> High-Precision 1-Wire Digital Thermometer
+
+DS18B20
+
+> Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer
+
+DS1822
+
+> Econo 1-Wire Digital Thermometer
+
+DS1825
+
+> Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer with 4-bit ID
+
+MAX31820
+
+> 1-Wire, Parasite-Power, Ambient Temperature Sensor
+
+The driver supports Family codes 0x10, 0x22, 0x28, and 0x3b.
+
+
+
+The
+**superio**
+driver supports a multitude of Super I/O controllers produced by Nuvoton,
+formerly known as Winbond, and ITE, namely:
+
+*	Fintek F81803
+*	Fintek F81865
+*	Nuvoton NCT5104D/NCT6102D/NCT6106D rev. A and B+
+*	Nuvoton NCT5585D
+*	Nuvoton NCT6116D
+*	Nuvoton NCT6775
+*	Nuvoton NCT6776
+*	Nuvoton NCT6779
+*	Nuvoton NCT6791
+*	Nuvoton NCT6792
+*	Nuvoton NCT6793
+*	Nuvoton NCT6795
+*	Nuvoton NCT6796D-E
+*	Winbond 83627HF/F/HG/G/S/THF/EHF/DHG/UHG/DHG-P
+*	Winbond 83637HF
+*	Winbond 83667HG/HG-B
+*	Winbond 83687THF
+*	Winbond 83697HF/UG
+
+
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/installation.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/installation.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a172db2992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/installation.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE Installation Instructions"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:releaseCurrent: 14.4-RELEASE
+:releasePrev: 14.3-RELEASE
+:releasePrevLegacy: 13.5-RELEASE
+:localRel: 14.4
+
+include::shared/en/urls.adoc[]
+
+= FreeBSD {localRel}-RELEASE Installation Instructions
+
+== Abstract
+
+This article gives some brief instructions on installing FreeBSD {releaseCurrent} and upgrading the systems running earlier releases.
+
+== Table of Contents
+
+* <<install,Installing FreeBSD>>
+* <<upgrade,Upgrading FreeBSD>>
+
+[[install]]
+== Installing FreeBSD
+
+The link:{handbook}bsdinstall/[Installing FreeBSD] chapter of the FreeBSD Handbook provides more in-depth information about the installation program itself, including a guided walk-through with screenshots.
+
+[[upgrade]]
+== Upgrading FreeBSD
+
+If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, please read the upgrading section in the link:../relnotes[Release Notes] for notable incompatibilities carefully.
+
+[[upgrade-source]]
+== Upgrading from Source
+
+The procedure for doing a source code based update is described in link:{handbook}cutting-edge/#makeworld[Updating FreeBSD from Source].
+
+For Git use the releng/{localRel} branch which will be where any upcoming Security Advisories or Errata Notices will be applied.
+
+[[upgrade-binary]]
+== Upgrading Using "FreeBSD Update"
+
+The man:freebsd-update[8] utility supports binary upgrades of amd64, arm64, and i386 systems running earlier FreeBSD releases.
+Systems running {releasePrevLegacy} or {releasePrev} can upgrade as follows:
+
+[.screen]
+----
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+----
+
+Now the man:freebsd-update[8] utility can fetch bits belonging to {releaseCurrent}.
+During this process man:freebsd-update[8] will ask for help in merging configuration files.
+
+[.screen,subs="verbatim,attributes"]
+----
+# freebsd-update upgrade -r {localRel}-RELEASE
+# freebsd-update install
+----
+
+The system must now be rebooted with the newly installed kernel before the non-kernel components are updated.
+
+[.screen]
+----
+# shutdown -r now
+----
+
+After rebooting, man:freebsd-update[8] needs to be run again to install the new userland components:
+
+[.screen]
+----
+# freebsd-update install
+----
+
+At this point, users of systems being upgraded from earlier FreeBSD releases will be prompted by man:freebsd-update[8] to rebuild or reinstall all third-party applications (e.g., ports installed from the ports tree or packages installed by man:pkg[8]) due to updates in system libraries.
+
+After updating installed third-party applications (and again, only if man:freebsd-update[8] printed a message indicating that this was necessary), run man:freebsd-update[8] again so that it can delete the old (no longer used) system libraries:
+
+[.screen]
+----
+# freebsd-update install
+----
+
+Finally, reboot into a fully {releaseCurrent} system:
+
+[.screen]
+----
+# shutdown -r now
+----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/readme.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/readme.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53a45a9391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/readme.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE README"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:releaseCurrent: 14.4-RELEASE
+:releaseType: release
+:releaseBranch: 14-STABLE
+:releasePrevStable: X.Y-RELEASE
+:releasePrev: X.Y-RELEASE
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/en/urls.adoc[]
+include::shared/en/mailing-lists.adoc[]
+
+= FreeBSD {releaseCurrent} README
+
+== Abstract
+
+This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD {releaseCurrent}.
+It includes some information on how to obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD Project, and pointers to some other sources of information.
+
+== Table of Contents
+
+* <<intro,Introduction>>
+* <<obtain,Obtaining FreeBSD>>
+* <<contacting,Contacting the FreeBSD Project>>
+* <<seealso,Further Reading>>
+* <<acknowledgements,Acknowledgments>>
+
+[[intro]]
+== Introduction
+
+This distribution is a {releaseType} of FreeBSD {releaseCurrent}, the latest point along the {releaseBranch} branch.
+
+[[about]]
+== About FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD is an open source operating system derived from 4.4 BSD Lite2 for 64-bit x86-based PC hardware (amd64), 32-bit x86-based PC hardware (i386), 64-bit Arm(R) ARMv8-A AArch64 systems (aarch64), 32-bit Arm(R) ARMv6/7 systems (armv6/7), PowerPC(R) systems (powerpc, powerpc64), and RISC-V (riscv64) systems.
+
+FreeBSD works with a wide variety of peripherals and configurations and can be used for everything from software development to games to Internet Service Provision.
+
+This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run such a system, including full source code for the kernel and all utilities in the base distribution.
+With the source distribution installed, you can literally recompile the entire system from scratch with one command, making it ideal for students, researchers, or users who simply want to see how it all works.
+
+A large collection of third-party ported software (the Ports Collection) is also provided to make it easy to obtain and install all your favorite traditional UNIX(R) utilities for FreeBSD.
+Each port consists of a set of scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install a piece of software, with a single command.
+Over {numports} ports, from editors to programming languages to graphical applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive operating environment that extends far beyond what's provided by many commercial versions of UNIX(R).
+Most ports are also available as pre-compiled packages, which can be quickly installed via the {{< manpage "pkg" "8">}} utility.
+
+[[audience]]
+== Target Audience
+
+This {releaseType} of FreeBSD is suitable for all users.
+It has undergone a period of testing and quality assurance to ensure the highest reliability and dependability.
+
+[[obtain]]
+== Obtaining FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways.
+The most convenient way is to download a release image.
+Links to images for recent releases can be found on the FreeBSD Web site
+link:../../../where/[download page].
+This page includes information about the different types of images available
+as well as other ways to obtain a copy of FreeBSD.
+
+[[contacting]]
+== Contacting the FreeBSD Project
+
+[[emailmailinglists]]
+=== Email and Mailing Lists
+
+For general questions or technical support, please address the {freebsd-questions}.
+
+If you track the `{releaseBranch}` branch: you must subscribe to the {freebsd-stable}, to keep abreast of developments and changes that may affect your use and maintainance of the system.
+
+Being a largely volunteer effort, the Project is always happy to have extra hands willing to help -- there are far more desired enhancements than there is time to implement them.
+To contact the developers on technical matters, or with offers of help, please address the {freebsd-hackers}.
+
+These lists above can experience significant amounts of traffic.
+If you have slow or expensive email access, or if you are only interested in major announcements, you may prefer subscription to the {freebsd-announce}.
+
+All public mailing lists can be joined by anyone wishing to do so.
+More than a hundred lists are public; https://lists.freebsd.org/[] shows them all, and provides information about browsing the archives, subscribing, and unsubscribing.
+
+[[pr]]
+=== Submitting Problem Reports
+
+Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are always valued.
+Please do not hesitate to report any problems you may find.
+Bug reports with attached fixes are of course even more welcome.
+
+The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine with Internet connectivity is to use the link:https://bugs.freebsd.org[Bugzilla bug tracker].
+Problem Reports (PRs) submitted in this way will be filed and their progress tracked; the FreeBSD developers will do their best to respond to all reported bugs as soon as possible.
+link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/search/[A list of all active PRs] is available on the FreeBSD Web site; this list is useful to see what potential problems other users have encountered.
+
+For more information, link:{problem-reports}["Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports"], available on the FreeBSD Web site, has a number of helpful hints on writing and submitting effective problem reports.
+
+[[seealso]]
+== Further Reading
+
+There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; some are included with this distribution, while others are available on-line or in print versions.
+
+[[release-docs]]
+=== Release Documentation
+
+A number of other files provide more specific information about this {releaseType} distribution.
+These files are provided in various formats.
+Most distributions will include both ASCII text ([.filename]`.TXT`) and HTML ([.filename]`.HTM`) renditions.
+Some distributions may also include other formats such as Portable Document Format ([.filename]`.PDF`).
+
+* [.filename]`README.TXT`: This file, which gives some general information about FreeBSD as well as some cursory notes about obtaining a distribution.
+* [.filename]`RELNOTES.TXT`: The release notes, showing what's new and different in FreeBSD {releaseCurrent} compared to the previous release (FreeBSD {releasePrev}).
+* [.filename]`HARDWARE.TXT`: The hardware compatibility list, showing devices with which FreeBSD has been tested and is known to work.
+* [.filename]`ERRATA.TXT`: Release errata. Late-breaking, post-release information can be found in this file, which is principally applicable to releases (as opposed to snapshots). It is important to consult this file before installing a release of FreeBSD, as it contains the latest information on problems which have been found and fixed since the release was created.
+
+During installation, these documents are available via the Documentation menu.
+Once the system is installed, you can revisit this menu by re-running the {{< manpage "bsdinstall" "8">}} utility.
+
+[.note]
+*Note*: +
+To learn about any late-breaking news or post-release problems, it is extremely important to read the errata for any given release before installing it.
+The errata file accompanying each release (most likely right next to this file) is already out of date by definition, but other copies are kept updated on the Internet and should be consulted as the current errata for this release.
+These other copies of the errata are located at link:../../releases/[https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases] (as well as any sites which keep up-to-date mirrors of this location).
+
+[[manpages]]
+=== Manual Pages
+
+As with almost all UNIX(R)-like operating systems, FreeBSD includes a set of manual pages, accessible link:{manual-site}[online] or with the {{< manpage "man" "1">}} command.
+
+In general, these pages provide information on the different commands and APIs available to the FreeBSD user.
+
+Some pages are written to give information on particular topics.
+Notable examples include {{< manpage "tuning" "7">}} (a guide to performance tuning), {{< manpage "security" "7">}} (an introduction to FreeBSD security), and {{< manpage "style" "9">}} (a style guide for kernel coding).
+
+[[booksarticles]]
+=== Books and Articles
+
+FreeBSD Project-maintained documentation includes the highly useful _FreeBSD Handbook_, which includes a detailed guide to installing and upgrading the operating system, and _FreeBSD FAQ_ (Frequently Asked Questions).
+The link:{handbook}[Handbook] and link:{faq}[FAQ] are online in the link:{main-site}[documentation portal] and at mirror sites.
+
+Other Project-maintained books and articles are more specialized -- covering a wide range of topics, from effective use of the mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other operating systems, to guidelines for new committers.
+Like the Handbook and FAQ, these documents are in the portal, mirrors and [.filename]`doc` repository.
+
+For offline documentation in HTML and PDF formats: you can install a language-specific package such as package:misc/freebsd-doc-en[] (_-en_ for English), or multi-language package:misc/freebsd-doc-all[].
+Alternatively, use a copy of the [.filename]`doc` repo to build and install from source code.
+
+A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD can be found in the link:{handbook}bibliography[bibliography] of the FreeBSD Handbook.
+Because of FreeBSD's strong UNIX(R) heritage, many other articles and books written for UNIX(R) systems are applicable as well, some of which are also listed in the bibliography.
+
+[[acknowledgements]]
+== Acknowledgments
+
+FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, if not thousands, of individuals from around the world who have worked countless hours to bring about this {releaseType}.
+For a complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors, please see link:{contributors}["Contributors to FreeBSD"] on the FreeBSD Web site or any of its mirrors.
+
+Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD users and testers all over the world, without whom this {releaseType} simply would not have been possible.
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/relnotes.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/relnotes.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed8d16c9ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/relnotes.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE Release Notes"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:localRel: 14.4
+:releaseCurrent: 14.4-RELEASE
+:releaseBranch: 14-STABLE
+:releasePrev: X.Y-RELEASE
+:releaseNext: X.Y-RELEASE
+:releaseType: "release"
+
+include::shared/en/urls.adoc[]
+
+= FreeBSD {releaseCurrent} Release Notes
+:doctype: article
+:toc: macro
+:toclevels: 1
+:icons: font
+
+== Abstract
+
+[.abstract-title]
+The release notes for FreeBSD {releaseCurrent} contain a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the {releaseBranch} development line.
+This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland.
+Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.
+
+[[intro]]
+== Introduction
+
+This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD {releaseCurrent}.
+It describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD.
+It also provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.
+
+The {releaseType} distribution to which these release notes apply represents the latest point along the {releaseBranch} development branch since {releaseBranch} was created.
+Information regarding pre-built, binary {releaseType} distributions along this branch can be found at https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/[].
+
+The {releaseType} distribution to which these release notes apply represents a point along the {releaseBranch} development branch between {releasePrev} and the future {releaseNext}.
+Information regarding pre-built, binary {releaseType} distributions along this branch can be found at https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/[].
+
+This distribution of FreeBSD {releaseCurrent} is a {releaseType} distribution.
+It can be found at https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/[] or any of its mirrors.
+More information on obtaining this (or other) {releaseType} distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the link:{handbook}/mirrors[Obtaining FreeBSD appendix] to the link:{handbook}/[FreeBSD Handbook].
+
+All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before installing FreeBSD.
+The errata document is updated with "late-breaking" information discovered late in the release cycle or after the release.
+Typically, it contains information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to documentation.
+An up-to-date copy of the errata for FreeBSD {releaseCurrent} can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.
+
+This document describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since {releasePrev}.
+In general, changes described here are unique to the {releaseBranch} branch unless specifically marked as MERGED features.
+
+Typical release note items document recent security advisories issued after {releasePrev}, new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades.
+They may also list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering practices.
+Clearly the release notes cannot list every single change made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural improvements.
+
+[[upgrade]]
+== Upgrading from Previous Releases of FreeBSD
+
+Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported using the man:freebsd-update[8] utility.
+See the release-specific upgrade procedure, link:../installation/#upgrade-binary[FreeBSD {releaseCurrent} upgrade information], with more details in the FreeBSD handbook link:{handbook}cutting-edge/#freebsdupdate-upgrade[binary upgrade procedure].
+This will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official FreeBSD release.
+The man:freebsd-update[8] utility requires that the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.
+
+Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the FreeBSD base system from source code) from previous versions are supported, according to the instructions in [.filename]#/usr/src/UPDATING#.
+
+[IMPORTANT]
+====
+Upgrading FreeBSD should only be attempted after backing up _all_ data and configuration files.
+====
+
+[[security-errata]]
+== Security and Errata
+
+This section lists the various Security Advisories and Errata Notices since {releasePrev}.
+
+[[security]]
+=== Security Advisories
+
+[.informaltable]
+[cols="1,1,1", frame="none", options="header"]
+|===
+| Advisory
+| Date
+| Topic
+
+|No advisories.
+|
+|
+
+|===
+
+[[errata]]
+=== Errata Notices
+
+[.informaltable]
+[cols="1,1,1", frame="none", options="header"]
+|===
+| Errata
+| Date
+| Topic
+
+|No notices.
+|
+|
+
+
+|===
+
+[[userland]]
+== Userland
+
+This section covers changes and additions to userland applications, contributed software, and system utilities.
+
+[[userland-config]]
+=== Userland Configuration Changes
+
+[[userland-programs]]
+=== Userland Application Changes
+
+[[userland-contrib]]
+=== Contributed Software
+
+[[userland-deprecated-programs]]
+=== Deprecated Applications
+
+[[userland-libraries]]
+=== Runtime Libraries and API
+
+[[kernel]]
+== Kernel
+
+This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise categorized.
+
+[[kernel-general]]
+=== General Kernel Changes
+
+[[drivers]]
+== Devices and Drivers
+
+This section covers changes and additions to devices and device drivers since {releasePrev}.
+
+[[drivers-device]]
+=== Device Drivers
+
+[[drivers-removals]]
+=== Deprecated and Removed Drivers
+
+[[storage]]
+== Storage
+
+This section covers changes and additions to file systems and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.
+
+[[storage-general]]
+=== General Storage
+
+[[boot]]
+== Boot Loader Changes
+
+This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other boot-related changes.
+
+[[boot-loader]]
+=== Boot Loader Changes
+
+[[network]]
+== Networking
+
+This section describes changes that affect networking in FreeBSD.
+
+[[network-general]]
+=== General Network
+
+[[hardware]]
+== Hardware Support
+
+This section covers general hardware support for physical machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in other sections of this document.
+
+Please see link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/{localRel}R/hardware[the list of hardware] supported by {releaseCurrent}, as well as link:https://www.freebsd.org/platforms/[the platforms page] for the complete list of supported CPU architectures.
+
+[[hardware-virtualization]]
+=== Virtualization Support
+
+[[documentation]]
+== Documentation
+
+This section covers changes to manual (man:man[1]) pages and other documentation shipped with the base system.
+
+[[man-pages]]
+=== Man Pages
+
+[[ports]]
+== Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure
+
+This section covers changes to the FreeBSD Ports Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and installation tools.
+
+[[ports-packages]]
+=== Packaging Changes
+
+[[future-releases]]
+== General Notes Regarding Future FreeBSD Releases
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/schedule.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/schedule.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15c90f731e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/14.4R/schedule.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD 14.4 Release Process"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+= FreeBSD {localRel} Release Process
+:localRelPrev: 14.3
+:localRel: 14.4
+:localBranchHead: head
+:localBranchStable: stable/14
+:localBranchReleng: releng/14.4
+:localMailingList: stable
+
+include::shared/en/urls.adoc[]
+
+== Introduction
+
+This is the release schedule for FreeBSD {localRel}.
+For more information about the release engineering process, please see the link:../../../releng/[Release Engineering] section of the web site.
+
+General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be sent to the public mailto:FreeBSD-{localMailingList}@FreeBSD.org[freebsd-{localMailingList}] mailing list.
+
+// link:{handbook}glossary/#mfc-glossary[MFC] requests should be sent to link:mailto:re@FreeBSD.org[re@FreeBSD.org] following the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Releng/ChangeRequestGuidelines[Change Request Guidelines].
+
+// link:{handbook}glossary/#mfc-glossary[MFC] requests are no longer being accepted for {localBranchReleng}.
+
+// link:{handbook}glossary/#mfc-glossary[MFC] requests should be sent to re@FreeBSD.org.
+
+== Schedule
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Action |Expected |Actual |Description
+|Initial release schedule announcement |- |15 October 2025 |Release Engineers send announcement email to developers with a rough schedule.
+|Release schedule reminder |9 January 2026 |- |Release Engineers send reminder announcement e-mail to developers with updated schedule.
+|Code slush begins |23 January 2026 |- |Release Engineers announce that all further commits to the {localBranchStable} branch will not require explicit approval, however new features should be avoided.
+|{localBranchReleng} branch |6 February 2026 |- |{localBranchReleng} branch created; future release engineering proceeds on this branch.
+|BETA1 builds begin |6 February 2026 |- |First beta test snapshot.
+|BETA2 builds begin |13 February 2026 |- |Second beta test snapshot.
+|BETA3 builds begin |20 February 2026 |- |Third beta test snapshot.
+|RC1 builds begin |27 February 2026 |- |First release candidate.
+|RELEASE builds begin |6 March 2026 |- |{localRel}-RELEASE builds begin.
+|RELEASE announcement |10 March 2026 |- |{localRel}-RELEASE press release.
+|{localRelPrev} EoL |30 June 2026 |- |{localRelPrev}-RELEASE no longer supported.
+|{localRel} EoL |31 December 2026 |- |{localRel}-RELEASE no longer supported.
+|{localBranchStable} EoL |30 November 2028|- |{localBranchStable} no longer supported.
+|===
+
+== Additional Information
+
+* link:../../../releng/[FreeBSD Release Engineering website]
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee2d6e26e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso) = eede36b8ab498ec9dda54c27e635f9d643ab0a7e7be147d943d600c4e99e92ae
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso.xz) = b4a5881d6a3f4e5f593dfe06b94e0ba119b47141544e1c07bd0b00e1c5d4fc3b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso) = 901d44d018eb1e6ec34551f57fbb59b803fc64bc4ac833f9a1ce379e2bfbf763
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso.xz) = 05f6113d4aafe381d572d252ef28f132fb810faf0857f60875407016468e99dc
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img) = b401c39adbc0a538c373d61ea0b1cafc85422039372afb167fb1248958edc165
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img.xz) = 19d3fd6f5f8cc0409bd15a4cb09a9cbb6f49c33af1420d09b5d29c2699290930
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img) = 3fa844104b7de7a811bc251b88640142a51a5f6f6fe2fb8379b4b24bf845b8a7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 8fec35c118468c6614c38825656add4843e1dda52872285aa32a8cc097a0ab33
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diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de7e5fd189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 1c22d056d1cd9cb2cf96fe185581e7dd99fb260b73367078b155eca0c65fc580
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-ufs.raw.xz) = 84fc95e9496de126065417e694e35011fa848db9d03661cc50bc0031c3a98a8d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 119c4cfa20cdbaf1aa7564cce387632f5ee2bde4218779307f1aa4817396fd04
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-zfs.raw.xz) = 217e82b2662c7724a15098b71733c5b1272b305e53ff3b1d63935719dc73dc6d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = 3565dc04184a8828d11c82971102ba66b9c13fac10ccd10d7fc365852485c9cf
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = 282af9607d2a3270211b79e0a8ba2d253526707e89ffe831cdb990ad828688a4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = d8b4f89d8e71198311c4efc82883b36e35ba38c970bbcb8976d09e77a3474b3f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = 0d9bf38fbac812211c2749cfdabb4a57af4c591d90a80c847b95be9356ec8dee
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = 772569dbd61791d32c47cf5cdd0dfa3ecc12d2a54da0ce8763d02587669fe585
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = d18c877aa627a253344b53d9aa9d91b8d0148beb4b20be296bd496c5f3bb8715
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = 78d59cce4668edb6efdf18203cdc9083fcbbf1f18a367f5ba4e59b1c20ec99c9
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = f4604307828d485a6c58402d4354e79b9559a408fdcd4aa187a409a6ce4e9094
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b92558438a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 45b2662a38397c9693c403f3f878d6a35cd876f91680733034efd30a92f17b92
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7041fa358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso) = 697e71fde95a88b93ec73a2a4a446264fbdf25ecff9ac23900a694489180c00f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso.xz) = 3159e2b48437d66db6de103b0960359f62da74f7de3983a7c8df94de0fe4de1a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso) = 04d3efda038ca2193c4666d612da74537c6c79fe84ab14acf317cf9679ec684a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso.xz) = 87919e73aadd572a1362e40a807782cd4ecd514b33bdca61322b0858def2aa9b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img) = 8438bcde20435c04b04cbb07ffd3529c91558ad6a90ffe56d03a8f4f110c4bf7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img.xz) = ae8339746adabd59be51881e04295b7afc42c0ec970f2a52d7f7a71117ac289a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img) = 0cb84815497ca713e0b004121c7d07d5865246a20752be3e409db172df6beac1
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img.xz) = bbeafef943db908b3a4692e476d0d51879779656559c0475308dd42a6290bf78
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71563968e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 3b37bc0bf50cbf033af596ea5b6f9ebc175d5b4cfef1169849c33c0d620d29f9
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f2184e8ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = aecb7ef74d9028e3ffc4ea7b2773153dafdd8c6588dd500b19a4735d69203258
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e5f816fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = c43058d29c92abbb1055bb0da275e7b6e2c8b1b729b42641317acf2f0454737e
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+=4E4g
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6d306af8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 680184a648fb14f916eb846be86c0599816028301dc44f1322b68c659cfe0ef8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e828441f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 936241b251dd3c6005512488b6f1adbfa677a7d233f329c9e99b3fd4693c4266
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bbae819cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 37df660f81aff183ca400ca6f3f787d4c0e642336d3c3d918d679e8c4afaf80b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKkACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+M4g//dJ17sVihGmQiFceJh1xRI29K0ZDPxNa5BPkqHJ2AmfUrsiYpJaonKs+u
+3imd5cuGRAPnTBafSlEPAscTU+Cgald8RCggRandgYt1LGC0PLgVoG5z45TM/6VV
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+=pWJF
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d131c2d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 0234fd03de230732fc21560f8a40e85b810853082a02e6fcbaa3a0fe1d1b62d2
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-ufs.raw.xz) = e93dd8b38ded273c243d0a2ef7807666340cc94dd4ed79efb810d2e722158150
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 3d8b96f570a20484af4227d5a1a7b8af3759f8005b50e4227aa7dbc3513fdbbd
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-zfs.raw.xz) = b8fd4e6eac9777ed92edd9c1978026e2bc1bdabe467801392055735a022eeb1e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = 68946b5789d3b47b22d5634b8f12cc0051ad1700ab774d51e0e3d32b28d721ac
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = 056ab66533f3d87542e3a61ea973a8a3a1576769d7c9fe9534bf5da3dc51bb30
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = 0ecbf57402770604a786e544536fd0cc923bae0319ffd262031e35b9077ea620
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = 6a44bf11800a4a6092cbfb9c7a2c948c6c470e706a96d1520ece01cd8f2f4128
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = fa71a4fe3101b93d81920e8210998e53632fc77d81d1abb67c84f233faa2cf52
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = 8f483942835c1ec658d9af47355120d9b9a2697f3f1a2e0d491893531455b0f4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = 0e36dd408e31f818a9470ccff25aa79262302272218b48f4d4676a24fd1e4f0a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = ae5d3c0a7f174807497c43717f13c76c0048d156abeacc80bc8f068c21e2222b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKkACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=EPRF
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40436a72df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso) = abbdff5a4a1d50d1d01685092c44f1ad64ac298f71d491e8d98df2975706640f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso.xz) = 1cf0ef499b1ac40cb2ee9349fc86ce7eb03cd076b1f73100ec69474edc1c3a3f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso) = 81b810cf5fe7cebceb1339746de8a87b919f4d267ff7206a2dd3631cc6c594e5
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso.xz) = 84de9758bed2e9d06fa8d2ab1904ab696fd8113f512c7853091d4eede8952e8d
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKkACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+uU8EsMMaCCR/KzQuKUO0Mzlw9wNsDK2PxK1YXZk/gvq8Y2iM/Ro=
+=0FTR
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c93030442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso) = d86b73a512d1d4321aac7572a7acc58f7f8e39a1e6c423a2ab589952c60bc7cd
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso.xz) = aaf1772e7009f544662c2e0674e08c7a3ef446ac0b0f30016ad3b02c163af2c9
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso) = 5beca874cde42f916dd1bf0f81ba50576e58a5fa47a6b1d7387ab56039605409
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso.xz) = 6aadbaf494686d9828354b681b61ae937e3770d37d94111c8beb7df239625f1e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img) = 5d50e640a4c1cdde452155dc7801fbc05908698144db606c99744b1fd336ac0f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img.xz) = 5ae561ed3899f67af0c1f0fdbb9fb9f9f955d4f25768722c2f61cde3ca5e6d05
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img) = 6d819bb7c178ac667a41ceaffd15ba538be1e888e2a8e1a71444d5ec8ba2adbd
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 12946f4c5121c1a82b90b951c41bd7de7a0eac5a24fe9aafae551c0e57a70b9d
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKkACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+t8g276gPm3xnig8MZUDLsFCjUMTkP3q/cPRQYPjvyz1qDtzlmCU=
+=SLbj
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29fbef8e4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 725f1c43149e201d6790922c6ca10284bb99464d82a0f511cc01d54ec1198575
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKoACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT92sQ//dfx7Qc4U63EkROHFe04FIJ3/Wx5d/MCxx7f2N7Y7UyFPwoMfP6Y5q5oR
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+=0b2R
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..274be988b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = 045558a85b3975201747f8268a77374882fb22071746cdff014069d36c60c2f4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = 685f5312aadf5194864a669621d3e5be8f601797941351cdaccca91846b8ab7b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = ad5b6a00b76473a8d47c21e88f8c5519d77c167032f0c3a54cbdca256cbf845c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = 481ebdda4b9d1c4252acc5657a073f1a66647e9fe5844e23c7b61722e2a49eea
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = b081c2a2affbfae5d0b9d7a03ad9baa9e7ccbfcdc26f01823ccaca9a72b1e9cb
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = c2eb1dd990be1d50f0a64320db36513ed7825c17963f933d522c2c9739bc2fe1
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = 0e82d1050b10b55d4abc0e30e6734bb3d38d52d8e91a14cbe37c7df91cc9f885
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = b21399ddc6372634a2a40eb42be231a17a9dd096f9f86af0aefda1976b390797
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKoACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+2XNkOnaS3hn6uNvZ3/l1PzFd6xCPH2Pcwrqx4fb5zWqOQYD/2UxfiyjPG+zpbAjS
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+RUtzuUInBAEjsbTTrVsiA/ckP9WyP0MUy4qI88S9z0htv6a7kSVfhExWm7FYu+o6
+WXNj4ZzEO1QggHMNjRpi2qMPTat35Z1475L2kPjG9M7IMDjLCg1O/tCuEeCQ+vdD
+tmwmo8/6Yq2/jMQIZXW3dZ7CdT1sADBgyMcLZkfolh1CLBe5+MU=
+=Ylwj
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86b0e652fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso) = 66e5ae16b314b19db531cbdd23e1c928b96a9e2c16cd26465d8a07979b81b14b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso.xz) = 4852db5a0b12b5915ba5b2c2f26761a283701eef0a585346e47c378a2da92192
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso) = 45aff191ac7ee52ba7e1dbe1ab4b5eafa2310824de386b170367de22ff4872c3
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso.xz) = c579fa731967e8e35864f652eb30ddcbfcc0090d1f3e7f2d17b1dbd268a655b2
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img) = 43a9fd41c18b41ea8b9cab94ffb018d434b24fd7f9770d23808e85344d25d025
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img.xz) = d36f43dff93b68257737a9f02176758b7c638545ee16cfdde17885132302c10d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img) = c175ed63e377dd2d1b898cd42a09c36ba5bab6ef5e86fce74d36ed72c9aa9a89
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 431583b1e8684c967da10cd9e0e80e8a573aeaf0e06c9919c98d397a2759a053
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/W0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT/Vag/+Lo2xuXkvR9KK6RC8bImfJ79ldE9v4s5jgGOB9D+h7oZ4Zg0cOL5z7leP
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+n4zXSrJOm8LjFSvDkUaEDWJ8K5MUS4rzLfTT2AOg3PSphSyAQOE=
+=B4p3
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bdff28112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 958cad0181387fe063ad5887f6018688021ff62cf4ed59629b271b91c82e7d6a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-ufs.raw.xz) = d29478cf41f6520c9580895660c54cd2073b2ed785fe31ab60820d42e0c174cd
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 53a8e6bf36649dc7c409183f22171df9b8d66a4d3539a4ffa30b59d344073e98
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-zfs.raw.xz) = 69c1eba138f2a8dda861891ac484101cc5075b974d1519873b5d7f3f611f229c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = 265243e7019776f4b9f182792ac252ac853fa5ec4eff448b11862ee4278c066d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = d6d089a3fc97f1aaaa3c250e270811753f67b615c88029361990fae946aff07e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = 43af69f6bd10077cdecb9f51034474a563c470406000cbe7c2fb45747e8f622d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = b272bc900efb42b2fd4055ff21f97d8481e575ab4479594895f011d7a3aab25a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = b2b6ee5d8bf3851662b7f559ba9ed4f49024f1647567aecf0c9cd11ea5ca7ae4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 0898413e39d332452c69ae2445b4f78d388fd87fa0bfd39c4c30ff284e04bb53
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = 9f82db8f59efe1de3f78000265e14fe478c7ed39de7c1acd18073e71361b8810
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = a87536df0ed2d3b923035aad6fef9f16467afd4dbbbdaed28207c1a385156044
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XEACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=UhD+
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac33c2e251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = 4cecd9973bce6606032556aa94513f70ecd4dd4838a19f2689feb7ef73363a9f
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XEACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=6KG8
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e037172476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso) = 4696a8479827089c3d54d0a93e6555625c53eecbc1fe73e671a3758768663f42
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso.xz) = 4539456af34bbf507b05c115eecaeea1fb134b7b7bf241ab326c2db29c072400
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso) = 8f1dfbf050f05bb6baf8ea91420d9337f026d3f8c5e70f22cb35ab11255eccfe
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso.xz) = 41f7c70347a9e13ca7d97a4c6cd17fbc723f4d8116a9bd0149a93759ed27c59f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img) = 112ea5a26aea17d1a5980680c3b33c2f3998d3c132111a9a650a6dbc8b29d74c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img.xz) = 68854c3cfc18d97e7b3c5777727077dc3343a62f66f2d22d968f1ec71093cfb3
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img) = ef0f71717a8a48f9810959f970f64911f02de372426cf1330d5ef5147faf6dbb
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img.xz) = ff9305182a039976b29572ebddb85a783adfa2f90127df63ac6677c16848d594
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=7QMZ
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dbb08f369f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = a4bddb4836097916f60c196391b2ed194062c69d4c5ee1a3620fa67a44ad5577
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XEACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=A+bW
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43ab92d9d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = 4c9030232bbf0b21a21da75d0dffbcb90d9ef3585cbdbb282808f43d4d3a1aec
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=fQhu
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c0ff6b725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = a9a7b516bcc0b292e7d2af6a6591112fb5e5223605d224ce376ed1355e653372
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XIACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=5CEj
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c11fa5259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = b9b4064d9f759d7e302dd498f0176c5e3f03b793879c4d3b4379cb94966a2f8c
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XIACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=e11e
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..263fbda059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = b4e454cbb73babf3ac823a52501383781993dc7bd38a396205f5c30061ff1bcc
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XIACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=QhH3
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57f40f10d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = fb4519d0eec81030ffa7d761b5977f027f57d9d8955fe9775e16bcdf39228aaf
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XIACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=q8mu
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e1a1afacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-ufs.qcow2.xz) = c74eb431039cf41b64775b8e0acf980da638ec96165498999e9c05ba51e2dec5
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-ufs.raw.xz) = 9c7cd7757c6788fea2c12ca70482845daa446726d07d3faca50adb6d4b8ee518
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 25010163a083e37408ca94f60ba88e6e87bf6bf7d486fd518cbeca79d09f4c26
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-zfs.raw.xz) = 4304f22aede2ba7b61fddc878bce00db2d5f00d52bf1143edcda8a7fe4e3b2ec
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = 426679446f8d3d0cec7dab013826ae17949149e562726495bcc7cd412c280832
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 4a904560493191d3ec3ae2b58865fcf1cde4b7d171370158af6eccde9d435c08
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = 1c62c1f7a83a6f7888f01b40a68a45557e1d1a2ae5aee4e1167eeb1818cb712f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = efbc90510309e1248fe4c36c04ac56276e67d8de379a70659d06e41b4d2a2c7e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = 541756aa3e7459f9d8519759ae8c4712932793e9348a57b73aa53b332b55ef14
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = e2dabc0501505d4595edf3e69936bb17eb22944467f9633ac712c4bb73bea410
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = 38f375f9c205bad6236146a3c0e789146b67ca92314d0564da4d90e2a0c44712
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = 6dbfbe2d2f2764b7bbdf2b4895dfe40e3e54768c07aaefdbf713e77b2a0282ca
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XIACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=x0f4
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6179a7d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso) = 541822a1ffda18c8ecd36b7b03b99d50fd00a4c3a6b679e16ac3db676c1a1a74
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso.xz) = 71efb004e92584b5650d79dcc1ebb6c53db02263d21f32d0bbd5bd5ab9ab06b7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso) = 036ad3cf98eddcd6560948b61895adc123330cfdd3afe1da3be8758b52469d7c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso.xz) = 60b50324c343683064d00901ca5d20c4e11db6e464c16e05a980a7ea56ad11df
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img) = 959d883595998abadf34797f72981b0d8720706d0f33c02e6935112f04f17cdd
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img.xz) = d3414dbc4a535bad2f4f19adcd62d0ad29d9e6673a82fe42bed839665321f27f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img) = 70d602ec3ea292f2968863c463ecb7c2fd26dc989996124bb490364f59d19600
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 2a19ab335276b6653483d8a34b835efe02c7650b6b3cb4ac979cbb1596db0fd9
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+JyMPy8eV3Q/Q457vmBmuu1/ivKLddmYc7BD35VGVNo5b86RAb1I=
+=KJdW
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a574261f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = a94685c01ba2fd9ad8fdd44ffa8f8f5f24cc34826446760486b72ca352bf269b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XIACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+coPfBriM9ZHsUdzFvFsQEaA2gPzX0U+gJ98J/mc315AZJ351s/FQjbRP9SlMAgrK
+ghuaNo09uRscN+kT8LB20V6ByO74axVuhgUpyrW/BsjrvmRpu+dyhUG7lnJtMxvc
+A3RJdRyS//4P0+IE2aiF3oRtn54nwVbU7EFRYrvBi1doeB0xh563V54L30TOPKyd
+7Pzyr3BqJdoGaRnKgVDKiK6sxetK9paWmvJ1P546uYm+XMa3Tyg=
+=VxHk
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa0e43116d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = 8b51f586fe7debaf58da0078351c922e450b7d0f8dc474a709b5faa164200488
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 82968b7df7d2eab86bcfaf205362001af75862480ad28774933fc304f79395f9
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = e75ba075ccdb23bbe883a32278d0850237588bcb0954614708205d2716fabeb8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = 7453a4ec304c28d9782f2dd1036359435cc2ecd342343d98574b4b9fb2f582bf
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = d94fdd8567c947a85824e6143d81232cba16c5be1407ad6d463d9af1b20ed5b2
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 6ffd18a39c0e1be469f1c6eb82f9e133d6b5e16ca59c5b7fb1764640a16038cc
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = e949c07eeb7d098c1beea7d2ae433a337a109d3402d0ded3859e42065373889b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = a9ef1679381d9d200a0686da4349df59376d7dd6988442d1d5983d75c237aa39
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XIACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+arg//bAj95aUJ+7+69vax7WRZ47MSItdpz3x2IL1QR8I75OYrixB9uL01O9e/
+8zsRws6VPrvj9b5jK4BFzyo4MUSNnHdFJmW1cn2nWGwekZ/knEwqWHaJD8JbxFZP
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+MSMhajd0DL/m4e0BPdfrhXcJpld6/WlypbAQTFNYM5PACQPo4IP/XrtRn71LjuFs
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+0f+hCx5G2WxtZDBg3CO+kvzlg+LH8L8Xm6ELubYfEzYhJ1OeYPc8ADAg7Gng5Hic
+HNzRoTN/GnklGF2KSpaHGHp6JsWqbRjJ8NNwIlV083eYvFQb1Uc=
+=iG/+
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8355fbe93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso) = 402c64f73c939065921c79a7dbb9c1edb4fbb6768578f49f3ee135314c6b45ad
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso.xz) = 1db769dfb6c47ea2869b2bf75795543b5cbc041bdcc892b324a830f431acfea8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso) = b8b11a91f96e5533bcf285839e40925b3bf453ed41b95dcba271f10b70ea4c71
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso.xz) = 1cb83ab0e7c733dff5fd5431853241f73e7908050d1a92e8a55876caf025bf44
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-dvd1.iso) = 377bcd1253d22867843ce0c337979234084d10af71035cb459f3cc8f041b7518
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-dvd1.iso.xz) = 4f0fdf36258b89a5348aeee9a11450b1de45fff339a107f9110d9196e476b178
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-memstick.img) = 83998d1d8ea8213999b8e512d8bf6314d43588d86ac6d12b0dd6fc59ab36904d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-memstick.img.xz) = de1092a4064376d1587f4980fd0dcc4f995061cfa116c35205a5122943ca28bb
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-mini-memstick.img) = 614400a3ec7651742e776077a54b485c70a030dcffa5a5f13d02cdc3e85ef003
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 0e3ceec7199818b547029849708e98837ce3ed826a8374fe1c8332d69e2388eb
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMaYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+mxw/+OKj565oLFypwxkoBxbSTPgiHeHaky/5o/fzCeMd0XB7HjIuCyGSZmdOH
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+x95lVSPIkfpeNk4gOtxSmpD0DdBp8eXNQDiNRzYOHJ0AHtJii6YLI95gQpiGvxzS
+7tVY2dwctb/b96Sdf5ySqs0NYmM4mzWK4l04PBIEIa1qNxmcovY=
+=R3wZ
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd381acb31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-ufs.qcow2.xz) = e1738db95f08e28e88f842667c876061fe7c4416f23852a8f316493b35dfe8d8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-ufs.raw.xz) = c3a631685d73a37cd313f7a9a660307479eb0741dbb6e9ddc5d313c430a2e3ca
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 4bc43644d41a3101a542b8d40697f37e761d957e46363895c130014d05807ce8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-zfs.raw.xz) = a2bb47e7482508b1882d7c6b52818f9bcf8921618b7665c4c88c8e564ead0150
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.qcow2.xz) = 2551ad2223d9796591100bdba3e00d2c9c156651ef0c05f37a42635b9ad62b9a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.raw.xz) = 53d46ae76609e428b9a9f923613eb2e7cd9a046ac406ce71f6430f2bd99b8847
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vhd.xz) = 7614561ff2380aac0cce67db1b19c4559a1e668f6e0b214a65b937e2a3bbaa5f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vmdk.xz) = b2c703bbf1051a68546f8f9f824ad0c267f04136ecdbc174c49768bfced8669c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.qcow2.xz) = 1cd70c8972d9fb34b3ba4ba355fe82390be336dba9e6ca92a1fbd19782e3e2b9
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.raw.xz) = 1abb73737fc410ac78332fb5e5dc1a8eb3bf47f8d3a1ae5730451ea7402187ed
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vhd.xz) = c7543d02f0383a5262acfd43a450aabea7c916d797b8ea1ef45c3ad8651613e4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vmdk.xz) = f66e7e045bff8326529476fec587c2a99bd6738efdc530f8a0267a3446c7cb24
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMaoACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT85Ww//YSWhmSfUqmlcjFQD2ZxI9+AXKWLALO8boJSE75/ee7uqwD9fprpnG6Na
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+1NxgYnTaMP7DdLIZ6a8ssv42kSSkblcOI6W/bPu3/1yi1eU7wYA=
+=Nvhe
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc26f96c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 1b304fe51b424eea7ad28257ec4541ccd72d385bc76a8bdcf496449651dd9890
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMaoACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=LRjx
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..140328378e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso) = 753fd5ee13cf1e4542b488d15e9c874621ce3a4edff578cb2837cd427591566f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso.xz) = 3f688dd718068f92a6e8e27a35f19b20966a31ddf32e6abadfd4e23b5b3f1edf
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso) = 6427ee88e5e8c8df7ecaef8a840238d0f43302fc108c1b8d444173a291d0143b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso.xz) = fe6ce102d083c44a28f225463bd5fe2e84ab6db0c77029050c8907abaab2c960
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-dvd1.iso) = 34156b17aad44c39191b6449765d501126dd423112e59c4067d4270464ba0964
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-dvd1.iso.xz) = b2c7cb74c1bf1e74d9e541aff6c1145aead6be2c033afad5ddf2198afce65fea
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-memstick.img) = 9fe7e24bd3712fd2025eb5ee2bf0ace812bf4f3fafe53d94462479c01caf0339
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-memstick.img.xz) = 106ed7d5598f0a6d0cea1dee8d09dd8fb5c5c7f64e2839c0452a662b1d4f61f5
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-mini-memstick.img) = 0622ad65abef4c284e83c4bc8e916e39ca0cb542b34a292dc16457826578731c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-mini-memstick.img.xz) = e8671286cd777e747c2eb5f392560b074e194d1850153c2e56ab32b96435a4ec
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMaoACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+218vMGjo0aM4tvaQSsRDB3bKuk8cOGPz4dhh0uzZfZuc8QN9PMU=
+=lGjL
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3567ab127f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 3fb4b6e0d9872354b006306d0c2fa61da706d14aff026219fd68b0351ff558ce
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=aFz/
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e670822e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = d0c855fbf7706501d8e6a1ea55267888b00d380f0a3b7915ba1aa36a3cf5a79b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=vZ/B
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e30015e396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = adcd6f7fdaf59a0ca94e346a0848e480348a60c942fbc611e719ffdc6e67b3f3
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMasACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=KMC+
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfd9e94d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 6f7b2fd7f73e661cad506acf84e6de790648b90b2e70c76e6dd1ee21aad879f7
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=tzyL
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60b2e0e3f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = ae269cfb9347f9072aafcae5066f67ddbdb93071af3949220a45a5a3e26fa0e9
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMasACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=OlUB
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d85bd4e171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = fdadbf8830ae84845a93c90e26c55820aa4087534d8897319fce9453122c7ad8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMasACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=ERsk
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a351bd921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 441b41f81400fd4a40ff8d124903e1811dbc62ee0cb3deffc2df1eb9a3c5948a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-ufs.raw.xz) = 0254eaf7686b3b3155eddf2f5ad28ba4a2258de95225cfaeb0dfa93d48c8faa7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-zfs.qcow2.xz) = fa34d1dd968aa1be8668216b3979d1846f0642bad93bcadf4faac366cb23b270
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-zfs.raw.xz) = 63f54ba4f13a193715612024a9b99b0aea7d2205e2905cb28c31798d545d7b95
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.qcow2.xz) = 66f48a01ff4e573f867dd50e8ad30d4f36f4cddeca66771fe7f2b571903651b3
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.raw.xz) = 7b2b805f21b4862512daa98e45c0b304b41016b0f161c65e170f26b75a2f7723
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vhd.xz) = cc5ba432a597f8dfc79743590fbfb57580fd4ea7ba19c779e5aff84347bc441e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vmdk.xz) = 86ea59df419c8e9f4c4e5c91e33c9b476d0c50a166d9c5f8a26ddcc7743454b7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.qcow2.xz) = 25cbc24c38560c2476620157c0753289defba7f2edb8c44a01e84860085277a1
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.raw.xz) = 2a4f3e12e92bd53cdcfef180e5e413eae45e43157ce27e36baf9bb83503f34ef
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vhd.xz) = 851d477888dac552d7a63ba42a6720cb792f65200bd012f9771616dcab3290e0
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vmdk.xz) = 243c5ff40b0117a738438121c0040d3c1591dc3b208a0ee0f210f27b09019010
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMasACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=RPyb
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86e901ded6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso) = 0dca8a1ab2d4c3f45c91027c5b45fe2daec22cc6671b408df206751ec67fe296
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso.xz) = c4bbc99ce56a3f756b67dc458db01a7dfbc1d21830cffc64e020f372dd4fbacc
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso) = 8036074b56133056609c0d7c2048d4fa4535760c3cae4a5ecd79da515d707f24
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso.xz) = 514729ab75fea4cf00bba59694e5d12adf2ed50310e4f1d76f827b618f79b1fc
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMasACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+X8Q//QotJVZGCBCIIirIBE2smn8fX3pGBtvaf8skDSoFL9+6PNPsaDRkIFdkB
+kFQssWJdYFTIvYUp7LC401Ik3AO+TVNAq6FSlyOWhdXkw6hy9fHXE0eTsOcWks3g
+e/BdAKqa0uOmmHuGLi2Hk0683fwF//xmxfcHLar1h1L57l7rJXNJXHZFYgAai7rG
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+4fL+WD1dZj6hbbuhxZfD6KYjOBsfRueJ+YctaJcig33QA19x6gjC6W7mnUSW4l1E
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+mBmaHzTNZqa3RJRPSvMf4RsxKu/yGy16D1/z2OQncE1eSneUjlUyLatchCFrRr5g
+l6n1CGwT+Qzdf2Gt4cBT9bAb07eseqAEXEH/hReZfgQLTvy9pXM=
+=2aOF
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..989e386cad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso) = c36ce98f726e83bcda58380698a21e1c0010a26228ec70639a16cc013b2ecaba
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso.xz) = 5b4d28b82af8adcf625a6f3b5f4850db94a0fa2039714e620de2a42f9632444f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso) = 9b79e680100231c17cf10c5319246b36e5331485149d47b3da1fc4fe72c37ce7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso.xz) = fbed830ab431cbe09ae0b6e26e2cfb7813a6bf6caefe255b4a6780605ab57b63
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMasACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8ChQ//UMMim+F5EgyQ4CYr1m7QgS6d0A+lDhlJy+CI58mlKYGm0gh1WbHJ3YjA
+dCx25NqrtFs4HM0aMyn15471ToLm5zAYb5TGHd3mQgHHvkmEcNvHeJyIT7K7EUCg
+82jzsfSkIAv+XbJ9qfidcnxBCuc4X90Ue3na2TWY7x7J46M5G1QYKPGlYZEH/w+2
+RwKr5tO7v/VgqahynrQW5scM+tU2MYf+T4X4GACM843gUOjb8L2V0fLqGEqvjgwP
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+P6kVwnX1aOkASz/Qe1o2YrhkWksAFcAeoYNq2RTJLljSKQAbAXL137ZPx6maJyrt
+km2g6FfcjPb1RgFraJVJ0jD+TzziPxQ32hT+cLKCzM5+ay58RfLJYn3tdK073A6r
+qso3CREpXeGxvMwOkfRlYz8bFpH3iYSWOKOOf5uafU2QI1buHxA=
+=bbmU
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad87850faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 3c088ae9b0fad3731016f3eedcd3b94de3ae74babc683b19cb85bb31ff4f4b3d
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMawACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8Scg//S+s25JkrdHwGw1RJFzF1Mc8z2/DnOyDVZXdRKGOjmzgrqKryYhhLie1w
+rTDP7hszB0ddhY9Gyr68xD9mH1ygEqWuIuezXRQ2q7jcpavsHsaph4g1fv9gv/Gf
+NeU5MSKRWvaLsPrL7HBz3SH7jBht8A1dgbsZS+qdHhLaADO6q3aGObO1gaIevYiw
+BVGGOxVoguJkfxtGQob4jgVwVFCgEf/QAv6InRpOd1n2ZghvTBsk0b+azFcrF4K6
+5gKfhuW37dNgn6A50i0XXJ4AiOnwVoV3nCAcmSo/Ab5Ud2YadkpvPp8Q3auu2Hdy
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+WEM2IgUE3KmD4ggemFAlX+3yZcETo/tqC/wNkfHsDL9yL9fDFgHK5U4oQiM2VGOc
+kRdHAP6R1GM5+f3dHuPci5uxYwIaOj4k/8aRlFp00V6/GGt6FFv2dt0+VPJHavM9
+roHpYTU59gEzKbo6y54CgA8Mwic7jEbbLkubESl12jL/zLOTp/A=
+=jBYP
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8723b8aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = 65da8549b52f4a2a9187cf71a9f9c0de59ac76ed04b54a49f76d4b16510a3f63
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = 96009744d3341f7af3c03a6ec01c5d6d505804f0bc463d0a4c46eaa79045ca89
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = edd4b17d2ffc951d012f8f8c50018ef7606fd704bc23fa15c261a124a8cba664
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = 51028eade92bfbc912ddd4d6a3be7feaf97f8e37cbd4caa752028578d85e5da8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-dvd1.iso) = ce4e46836dcad0823d17ea2ffe490df3e6114af82784ba3c032db3d40df67707
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-dvd1.iso.xz) = adede9318cb38339f4017db809c8687427b1f932045e61f9d82687c019c250c3
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img) = a0208c613e85e9a2c5c412e649ef563a826cfd3a07c0f244a9d366423f163922
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img.xz) = 998890d8d56c159b806e29e68878bb7947775ce8943877fe1fe2cceaf078be1f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img) = 34db7f27199267030fff4238c2b7ede45372ac18deaf0a56e7d441a95d29178c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 075e8b42e64310a8cad60442fc303f932b5c8e75e0fe21b339d74170f5ff6d76
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhAACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8H5w//QvZRpS/7YhuvLet9PRQ4yTCCJ5xC9T/L4BAHUYfvnm18GYhN8F3/Iicj
+tnze4SJVUxRKVKe0B+svYMRtN9KAdwH0wT+kMmfmXAqu9E8iY/JqJ8ra4nL84Ig7
+N58TL/PowYhx77Zm40VpNJPUaGtme2wIB7bgrDVHCKUtnbTPEuy1gXsqPQupDtCs
+cNBV23ctCul1poz77KTBj3mcSHMeBD3A18nOJ8WBtB8LQYKdL5my91LVs1q4bLGt
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+j6rvJ3CO2F8ol2G6VJxJYgWr0/b3DC7GHcyfuykMj3vQ5twLm8nIugv0WHeCFy5d
+T0a4qhr26a8Yw3TIBpvhDmtpqf7+U5vhz0KbSRegd7YglNpvfag=
+=uJcV
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90f753b6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 77cd39ff4390c33b0f492681ba9cb5f0c8fd9f368ab0ae55010dad1d4b7efc56
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-ufs.raw.xz) = 62a4def08bbe606a220e50eec9c423aedf840268cde37a717c24bfef518b36ee
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-zfs.qcow2.xz) = b20f9d784794f16cf97b30101488dc445a21da3738013b07452696cf507ced18
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-zfs.raw.xz) = 77f4c3b3eee685cb322242dc8fa0695b0edaed3daf0e099778e421a4b0e7c787
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = d50f6f47cad68d384e9ef8ed30d8315c8680576618b0710cf1fc202e78a737e3
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 2d70f9e20038e93e053254a214c08e8818173d328472ce66096a45c2c4a1eeef
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = 1bed10cd0bacc78ea69f4943c7209de19cec90b0beaf9e903639ccf9071b30c2
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 74a55adb2b2675a520ac87048b774c9c479a01e4b2e5ebc5d21f123ca3446db4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = e6bd863d45114f7e571a57b36f75456472aa15af0278ce0c7c4bf0f138b5d4be
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 186f549d3ed015699760623fa97b7a6aa39f12c9ef4fe29cf252479b67ed1828
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = 2eb6833225b5fc70976bdc53ea8f26debbee7435bc6ddf0a6e37e82019ab5053
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = c33ce5a24029b245cc796f0df406e403531c582f2a5f76ca5f97cd66e5ea29f8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhMACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9YcBAAimyr5VcUegpnI4SWHd7L2ANYFeQOAEXmMUaz7ZOruZ0fdz+0LrFJTyhT
+cip6GnRSOLOQkkI9W5+f8aP2AdP2/G8qIPjvSX102dz4eTlKZoVw6H+QMwiGOZqk
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+zIf2vEb03SPPT9T+8A4SbdaCGEAtBobnj50nIjon5yv1zWW36zWbhE+C4atMsOMf
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+VHKBEvahzYu6u3R4Y0LpUIjDpz0OCJ+L3eFjHf73sO/74c1eM700gZ+m61qJt9XH
+3dCXCBd7tYPcVK1CM50jt2WgrvPnhvAWOGvx1fLLPOkvQuvRXnU=
+=2dmf
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee9ff010b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = b2fb053978d1526d1d57fc8c2eace98033b3390278022407d6fdcc7e96170e2a
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhMACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9CchAAjjnoxosDIB/dZytqQAL8qYbSYSx0xcgsGXkEv6/rqaWGZO6qT9V+J5EO
+pEKmFk/SavkaC9cp8ut0+KoH8AP2KXQpkti7oTPFlqB3kIm5CfwvAgPG0XTGpDh9
+QF6O4/A/nu/1XC8thv+magHNraTrWBkH6DAJxvca8qMvp+xiySAjXlOlMP58UNFn
+PdHX2go8QcGQ1ecGabBNwVk7/uyCOktxiRhF0jrNSiX/bR8it1mi1LMSop1Eg82Z
+6n/L/0aFLH1Yav/ehNg7EioT5MN2g47NZTlHXLj/0W3Tl1yiWl3ehWFiwYW5M/bT
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+9lFBLQqwqTCEKumr1LXV5zmCr/8mX2Um/xZlVfWxeelJHYzb30IDrZnGZ8PZqiHP
+Bv2+LhdC31IqYrIe7QgZfeyl+karkrWGkAng5EuKNC1ePV2x7VTMpsKyldm5LnGF
+/yEr+63I0DI3E1RTz9FEOVSWbMWgVmTbmP+HjDiuwRMaxN9ENvEdjS0VwK2XqSXS
+wcJeUAMp9bI6M29fWWByBRKfRSdUdPEpB/BPwOx62Hh/6/dyXM8=
+=k6Xw
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f55bc5850c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = 6ea1b4ef42b59467bb4643925909d87713e3e91debee935822e7a6722263cb6b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = ba8961fd62c92eaf3fbdde4801b0d12b4d4487b51981af556513272eb46bdc60
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = 51e728d4a79e8d1416ddfdab8c7a505202eae6e8bb7711d1cafe8c7c89b30535
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = 2e8f87d8813e20ad74e95cb4e3ca2387012ec1f36b8dd48bc5b4c5d0bc1cf1e2
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-dvd1.iso) = 26045367b7f6b421c7a3a565a4d7f9fe44db94b5fb809dcbd78a3a21da74aed7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-dvd1.iso.xz) = 8f02fca7874e702ad8cc81f5b08ca4ad79a5d17069860610d14ede79b929b24c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img) = 4bc8e658c5c0d0e44c691fe9d9adfd7d4212bf23927efb844357f0e7b0181589
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img.xz) = 0a67a7427dfa4fefd06b2782e32f903bc35203da4c9c6ef32232d03925a763ac
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img) = 4d6845adf84950ed158e71e036755a221f51b39b695ef8794d2e273e24511288
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 2fa8187e20e7181cedcac4a68345229b06e1705a1d3ac43426dc1b1080dd8f77
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=eQSn
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6073466463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 98755280e11c1286a69a7554d9cf8ea2a9378bbd0a24c111e5f5108b1273c5b4
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhQACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=RaZH
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa3a7d55c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 9c9b44662d0dc3203fd1a2d38deeeeed9ecdba541889d89b37cb2c7513f483ce
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhQACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=EPXj
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cbddd541a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 7bf493f7656d43e7096593aa291c205b408053d627d938ff5b7e8a4f2b4369bc
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhQACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=uied
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d96e28316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 888d4d9d05d9bcdc0cf3178dab778337ca2fe0b83a9910afc109aa5294baa6c8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhQACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=WUEC
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98fc85820c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = f052a8f080217945acddc37c4c5103825736af5c5662296258b52a6fe4826a98
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhQACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=B5M8
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23037c7a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 7bedfe18404b0f2c9647541b961202b3bcf46dbfa0b2ea96a63251aeb73a807d
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhQACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=uVoQ
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b3e667799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 7d54444408081e5e41bd9ddc1689e1bf4a8c3da4fb422532301b044643415b54
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-ufs.raw.xz) = ec645799558f63557491072fafafb943a8def7b27315e3faab9360de4ae099b4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-zfs.qcow2.xz) = d716663a904ae85477dfebf9f968246e92a7f4cf96c71d39eda58d8a52028b7e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-zfs.raw.xz) = a189170de0adb778da23bd3940fd8a9f935a42488c1d26f221934f2bd4967dd2
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = b189349e3dc2df118988e8d10bc7c43802ffb4b0b9d8d32f2d57f8686c6dff9d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 1d60f77f38bfaafcfde91b46e6d364a3fe546a5c257119619ea6de7911695676
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = 81d110fb35a681eec31acabfd6d465449dd7d380bdcf165568c43ed861dd6359
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 16d2695699e303544f8679b9423a48d2017cd81c94f109ff3573b10fddc01216
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = 15526f95a5f09a384976593fcd65248356f006d59f82f31f66048a3642ac2c3e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 4ee014b5d716809c9357f70d93004e5894a43fc1e7379e3954b8d312c519f679
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = a4c6810282f4ad405876359d3c68f97406a4cea085207ae3448baa9427d1de66
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = c8474f0322606a970f54131ff297852ae36d532a011bfd115508d5b901481d8b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhQACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+NRk9peYyenyorxlTG12rcOtoW6cKan/4fKZmftJKLBcTHq4LuERkRoLXEQmT+ok/
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+uE87jNkwbY7GoqpX/B7c1C/TCeuZyP52zRW576qTDCaY5pejCCeW/BZSKMhUpstJ
+GjtHKXU+UQRsZNs+Q9/6SM0mdYQPV8slqM+w1nCPnJKrGc3YqD9iEnXG7MuqJSWE
+WfPO13whXfarrKnj7hXqHYh691YpkcAFmfRROMlY8H51WT12tpo=
+=H91x
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3947da5812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = f74e91cdf2c5582738857ff7a23ae392bd472f4ae725ae9b4c373eb3898d55a0
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = 51b40bc2cdd556ab0c084cf96704aad7b2acc729df3d7820a1c85f02bbd43150
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = c5b42facc2471bd0e398f19682f68c6f696803d6f0fb4477e4a9370d263be8f9
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = 4e1978d8aa356447d94087ff092ebf3677e277cd3d297b75f36d4b2fe97b7b79
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhQACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+6KChVmIzWevAnnQHIj9ueXGyvLnkinThvwdWklomTGwWWUQgx18JJyb3fPReJHch
+d9rni7egM1BYNnQ5jx/gj2dCKTXye7KOXDgYtCUboH1Vt7dwkktb7Cmk40Q3zoSh
+2sIcBfyyVH/miVe1oUKrHiZ1oFXjMbkCqgKqhIYghrTChGVNZqA=
+=hH/D
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14134d60ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = 0821a849329e9fdd03b2812f8026444e0ffa3e0321ef6eaf6c0b0ec02ba5ec9e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = 192ca0d7d3591db7758e14b8892cb79d606db057a035cd6101eb9a6d303d64b9
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = 24a6e1817b8f720c9c6a661c74f92a6ac06fa0ab72f669622380d074d3a22f03
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = 6147b10b769c66700c5cf788390e79af89ddea6761df6bfe267bcfa978f5054c
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhUACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=HfZx
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8fec87e381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = b3bd814d1cf04c6d5d10a34101434d77d5599316132a2259132aed6d22a7bc3f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = a9882a7602e9789334a6facd027f6a121d020b0528fe274a94da74a3283d8e08
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = 34140b8752691d2cafc1156a8dcb11b8d7cd85b9782b92ce2d09af4d9511dc40
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = a414c5413e40a161a2c637032c44ac70ca053d46df6e85580ed00800f1216e06
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img) = b58e478766e11e43de57078a7276b6bec9d46066d67a9611b579144c5b4fa838
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img.xz) = 58e384e0d3472081d245fd57c68d1c09413492e1a31462c9d928e2fec81bd731
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img) = b19706f171f4fe7277cc634a526828719c32ec30872ca9fb5a7e284140a83379
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img.xz) = e0aedf7621ef65d15a9e7f80cfc4bb1a800b30165dfdbe05ccd10d58a7ce628e
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhUACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=dyDJ
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b26e776d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 36a019d7f1c80f7b28725898efdf52036a368bf25b52fc83210f3dad7e9f3d09
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhUACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=xRDh
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d6f1e10e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = 18529845cc1c3e69f5a137615cd4446e2cdf195863e587df42d66165e8006d35
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 620eb511438310b47b2860c5f19b97f1239ff789c4fabd5cd0dd6ea85f5c2f14
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = 10137271a55020f68b01bd34830981b94621906e7e556e52cf60d8c948d8db98
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 378bfa5ceae67a57c092fa56684189234402e0f71dee7ed8913be8b4d7f774eb
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = 8bbf329b0dad7fdc0663b6c831b0d0b4497ab75aaffa6d5278f2a650833cfb1d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = af70bf4ce61a6e10c542792ee598a35b1779d547795473f6c879f2103e2b1b58
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = 93e574d9c965b42b7a28b1cacd0809a3db900d6b75c1ea860fbdc8d9a6397773
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = b362a9f0b8a068e42d02626f6d062ca4653442c3ab786a657a2030b0039c221e
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhUACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+ORySBZWyd++YT7Lz7qr+kmppFHQRsk4u2VCkd5cNm9yIrzdLk+U=
+=Jg52
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da38c0dcd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = bfaeec6c209c1c95586b667947c6e6c8baaba6c66330eff134b0c8957ceb93b8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = 57e172e7b44efefbd46d5c43039d00ef66c6f0faa853a11d302e0b14dea85f0c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = d362ca377704b008671c7f7462ee88a147039d1b16a155e405593abdc6f06ceb
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = 704d96c4cf8b34815ea6a9fe4764da03522b7dac69a3d656e9a94a73d7b45d89
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-dvd1.iso) = 9ba1279b1b8ea86f06457d028d70cfbd3992a0e2bd764481cd5b322d2dfc14f1
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-dvd1.iso.xz) = 77dc4fc5a98080ea892901b5f2cdba412b827b4c18c307f568f1938f71b2f452
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img) = d21dab67b1d0010230e45b8e52e844b42d573d4e84f6072e98fc77f9dd2deb93
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img.xz) = 8798d36f9dd7fa98fcacab4a8a0efe4815d655a9f21ff320e6f415d6a7719d0e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img) = 035a0a38422a63eec7ee21a39b0cbdfb8d0152ce13874a31fbf1cb94a4150cef
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 318dd5c87f68159d3e06b9ac50990d195be193c616798031f7f98383acee7d81
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpO0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8x9A/8CZeQt1wO63zOZlngyrLlIhw6njHUz6jv6yMGiLV0v6M0X0vnc6w1qHbr
++LRe0rEJpA8q/AiTLjIyNol6R80r8+f5N0haiPD1ce7bBfNUUBQkVESWQHZbf0o3
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+EQ3SYvc2C/15kUR50SrXvUbtF+I6usdp7o9VjF9CNGYISl+iSsA=
+=j0oT
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4858d8b8ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 127c20cddf8b899806c284c5563339c37cb4e9a76104f98ccd4ed81222ddd19a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-ufs.raw.xz) = fcd7e19b2948f804338e31319e412ccdec123926f7fac51de0e02317ee31bcd0
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 5a482bb130b45493c2c024cddd831deb5c0d1523d777d2aca51875c540aaa285
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-zfs.raw.xz) = 83f6a712f8a185bd33fbbf9dea69ed7e76482cbe5bd654f8751c1595dc9fb998
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = 7469bf692e943c18679038de4599b71d01ca22ddecf7b907d4024018ec5b1999
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = d03a9ea80bd97656f1b6f7c8b55c804701cfabc51b9e357c1373c10a9a86cd31
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = e8ef915772b035861a041c6a7be1cafecb68b5efc7c20a31c58b9537aad61666
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = aaecd56a644d2808e667df27deb99ed6fda0663ec87f3abbb3c35762923615e6
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = bddad382c1a3d2da24348206fe2d2850ba5894274538abee937fc78b26cb4aeb
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = 59497cf21c8617d168330a79ac05d418343d53e6be9feb51dcf5fc2f7febd92a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = 462b1e7246d2a9d699e21d402d0f1c31ddc2bfb821f01dadf8254a615284bc9c
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = cbc9c24e3859b63f3666ab07088d3453eb8921b7f250ef66acf67d74a2712dc1
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=ocby
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22b1d4845f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = ecd5eeff81a5e2fe57da1a8f2d20119a72d1712e0e502826e8de81ba0bc7e3b1
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=XQD+
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec74c7d534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = 92e7679c88f9907666c31125ec278763fad8a6bdad1750dbf12c4abe63f667af
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = 6086ef9f8b8f7ac56059bbe64b0847c10ac8a673cce5208b03f66ccba546d0dd
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = 3229091256f21841e9b0f97bc0d62648d496409209465a6ae25c96b7ac4ee885
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = 4d4eae4bd36b06ea93cde2241509b93bfba337ea064bb3731ff40602140a235e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-dvd1.iso) = 2f1f4899eff699e0399bace20e2f6ccffee7041bc1698b08194e83f671debb5d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-dvd1.iso.xz) = cfeb6dc5ce2ea2fd94f4faa841141f2a1be4d3dc8c84f2fd174d1a72f65004e1
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img) = 25ab191a160ca6d4c961f066ed9e74e7ab3c2b2bff28de6f4cdca0d44de642d1
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img.xz) = 5b7a6b33cd0b9cbb8fbcf91ae8ba7db1fdf2608d4775d6ccb63d09bd6f1498db
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img) = 20f12d7be576b212074af25b453bc900f503380951380777bf35689b27e50eb8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 203d653558e7b2d413356f6c30666d7e9ea909b50586cc70f2f88e7c5ffa4bca
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=Gbr3
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..822d2e98b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = 57eefd4c70756d27deb05ef86cf6e6d759ba0a78667963759370497f753c56dd
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=1WwP
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02f820b6fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = ab79e0c7eba07d19f49ab4b3a3655a2cbb5cae375840662250480a87816525be
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=EAu1
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64a641add5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = 0cddb5ba16b1779e806c27817b862238155556f151123384fa273aafacdadcbf
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPIACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=9Irq
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0938697981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = c72c4c87d5cda56eb17e7bacec031eccdecee473edefc66e283dca1fdc37da89
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=eXBh
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9778744fb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = 77ba651505c0392e30d3b7c4ae930c7adae65d238b2fc21877c18c65566e84f4
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=FkEJ
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1c99e07ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = bbf6ac09c951c53f1bdd41d50ccbacb016f80abc330ebfed1e824e4fd89cd311
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=Og9D
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f60f66fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 4d2946ffaa6efcfa54ce43e24007c2be750a2c778d4fb362b8ab99cc6371bf8f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-ufs.raw.xz) = a7dc5220fc72f45f62a5868104c38b3ef33d7f44bdaa17c51d48f3920ba54c3d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 90b9f5c95527b680160f9c7ff06a2ca3cc1b43fc26892a92741867dc286ef119
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-zfs.raw.xz) = 5606239ae07fd7bd0d872bfaa1b440a53751234e3c14d5089113455105ae861d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = bc921c2b61a24225a5a9250c046a832c33068b91a6d0deab90e9f31d5a610240
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = d2b7950ed02c9d58201ac40d5819a40a9d72a5db0783d14a3945967db0f87bb7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = cea81827b8443da20e6ea10b3c1a990b06d0a9b48ee51fc0aab984492d806521
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = 21e36985f5fedaa0de4e9f084e7f0af8a9cf2169ebfa25b6687f4d23a28ec6ad
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = a76c14fac8675bd1918ed570042ab1593d44d7474a9858d09dee4256e6ec0f60
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = 2bf41da26370a9db3e7185e79a6d0e3ef982d7c88c35fb9038f4cef46af16eb7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = fd12f56f047b71f33fbd2081c32787b870de09504b03e7df846c1bef64588db3
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = 061062a487551c93158b2a9b75b99c279744709515bf2603183b41b56769af86
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=ssvf
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47a7c6b6e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = 39dd33ebbe82fded72f24f3f5dad521da98f319ce548bd1771d63191b9d3a9a4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = fa0070d27130ee8caa109b913c417f1cbe908cc95b9b0d56960d507278e6b937
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = 165c1562d260628c83360fa35bccb41ce127776001dfcb60b1c6280ed3fc85b4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = da760c56075ecf891b922cce188a8a615e7eb6dfee63e6fc38ebeac29c580dc8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=eKuT
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..196575d3f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = 16cf659244e263595349037387305fd38d781eeb1388bc9d5b822c0718fa77ed
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = 2f8901d3e912c742d519160a91fb905be811fabcafe274c09192ef586494c256
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = b4b4ecca575ed3d0e424d2ae9da609c2bf3b63625404357a7a09b7af8c054454
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = d924b27c38e4e7604b19b7164c96d65f7a0482cd136c6a0b321e91fe2435c293
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+gCIkXbumjycE7yOhGwF40YWJTpYjsbrGOesxVLwdi6vQn4c5BaboIp0PLJ7R7iF3
+Hc04oGrC4aM7Io2Q9rCPmwoIDYzns3kl7oaxRr4y4W6J5N6t0WM+N1RDSQBSbyVc
+EsKGHbj9YdOeuyw8Cpr8ITTrgPuticSzOwvLGFdIf6GhL+8a74w=
+=rgET
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8a56f978c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = 2ba6678056fd9d53c366e5212b36d23556e49248d1715a1774fc7b5763bdc5dc
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = a7e87fa2cfc8c3aec83ae26e2080cf63aa614b1ea2fb53b5c3c5458ed23fe8bb
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = 99ac4393a6c2d9bc947a4ed034f366e5fc1487cffc8bf0f0f6afd0bc49e59f91
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = bae61356775f64f5bce52c36e6b9f7fb079a570eca6c426312052370a46a967b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img) = 4cdb5de045c32c435da415b9c7a9c00eb617b9e3d4e421948d71d44694fd6f57
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img.xz) = 198138d93f3b286c190a295943bc3c38f6fa953f16c98473f191de1a72192164
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img) = e0e8ac950e2e09cbb4dbff3158cf2cd1970eded56c8339c2d5c06593c862451b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img.xz) = f576057345c673c607aa2919aae71b459a36a1f7beaa6f417185b8b76c6392c8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPMACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9sdA/+NglNvtRPSJ/34+U0ndzmXjq2BQZl/hOQi7tfRH3BshKkIQyspHVa6oB6
+cbDuRtN8DbWXCbHDFKpI14CZA64dp7QG6sN/N4v5dzeuxy3iwrpFH7feUOFqdPqj
+JNFQsz+2roBdtgZW6T+iYjFaghHamxepqCgwC0LQDEKYWJ3f25O8Ymd1tsW0KT3b
+sMagofc58pUXQHEZqVSZB7GXc1kE9YAtfh1//RvTxpSwE3n9tfVA5nKnwNTP/oBk
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+WsPk3n5KjBnl7cvrvnAXQUFOVYzafIFCtMBZz+tB/4sWEPAIMqG3RFXt8GfFG77F
+LL5WjgSggQ/bDzvMCjrHLC351ak0ELJvQ6h1NH+nyU0pfAkPlFbDlWVLwpMOeA/L
+tUMKSfSncZcvWPY4NBOHFWEVFc1IIKoxbFg02+B/Er/7OhOHm4I=
+=Rlzj
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97fa83394d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = f80fa3f79fda63e83f4b23be981bc20383cea658d993d89a726d96ee55da55a3
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8Mog/6A5Bi61fcv0yZwM/j5BWxHJKUw9dzTzKaLFZQTtCiLHJIMfn3pGp94Zkl
+wfXlwkaBczOysnvZMMmwMOtL1c1WQrE+wBvW6pbbisARH3YLXi2fc1k/DcAMx8em
+WW0kYkYdZy/SD4ggaUzqcnw6ds9kHFtuWkuT8DN3cPXi7XovMxyyIikISYyuSQP2
+RWUCM7qdaLGIe2ys3GFHhowUrAo5vqSSER0YuThGJTU57ms2WlrYEsOAIgKEyek5
+sexq+iDjQ5WOTQM9bAbx91uixQ9yFk9h2Lr35AGFMxY9it/BGUn6SIjXhM8bypQK
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+HHE+JvUi/CA5siGtHONk2cbbq97Yua/8GX6i8iGO8QSMrq4ZG0Ex8Ep/srH7d8Li
+itSWvAYO1ZchHoTzZp0p+V00Zl/ND8L32KiUXXwF3zSPi00RByC341qz7rAcMAih
+EWlmxAcbueYiLtCpDtZTNEP0La7AAYgXYWBUWRkd7RHc7ScXJjbA31TQwBXif5qY
+GT6A/JVHWiPzXkYPoa/5WDMwkZpre08v7EE0AZbsazg8GMZ1eQw=
+=EfSB
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96abb6a36b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = afe8fdf01e7bfe1d844a179667ea5fb3239e66acd5ec25efb00df8d2f38e8972
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = 834cbc550bfad3892973073dbe694445493b5dcd2559a904f2ce8c2e474464b8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = a35f609c7c0d3c05810d714f2426a33ed6531af8324d19d9af0f3aca4714bf8a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = 39db6b52641402ec3d18ecb23c54272b26ceff3dc08f0f47e5353b0fcba5fe29
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = 65bd10cbdb6717628ced86acd179eafa732f304d373f3280123906406e9e0eb1
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = c7af134192824314306bad485801e1515b5d9f682311cc48ab4009734e9f948e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = fe486a31cccfe673284da249eb6a6628c88102e9f7507931cb468394fdd9a439
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = 79fd132f172fdc0955522d6a3aa78c9058ff1b42d8fda995d1bbf0efeea33121
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT/l/w//ditidq6RepwYqfJPbId1o2tIRs4d0pLFtxgfhalc/6T7+Ubir2YSb45T
+/XVj/Jgpc3kJB6BalN+bTiguINPZyi7havFWoaQb5XW4L0HFkkDee6kFJmQsoVvp
+LaXkJz2gSTwnvV2yXUiqZa7KAaRcYQVbhqa4OAqY8qlCjgNRm2p/jk05MMR71+k2
+xOuZSQSSF1PzQzAP6HHqfkuugMHdfS3kKE2aP3G/PXmG7i1mW7kUaF3YPoPsPUke
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+hmvNLHEkrWjvt/g43f4QIuPzEuHc2XJv1tOP66VPubPsnyiYW0I61chDFwsaH2x3
+I20LIswKs7+yqReLMo4gbKn01BQ4p5A02lNO4pyp+M5e/qa4cyRPqLAgkYAdyy3K
+pjCapOtRB3BkgLSChTlls2RNCUFnVdPRtWPaFRffcq6KZCMC+YDoJmkLBHSTC3dd
+y71iM/7DdWz/27f8megpJ6rYD+hqdFcKmA49NKQHk5QTvJmwM91HKU9rHSkfE5Rz
+LEcKhzGNy+HDLbi1up7srFwoZssikfMZNUeSNXv/ba0MSx/FKzM=
+=A17q
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7fbf50ab3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 19234865f0ca9710ca0fd5e90b1d6f64aff49f6758488de502025942980e4ef7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-ufs.raw.xz) = ff35a766c32340c19cb38391d3d07c8b32be14d24f601cfc9c396f02a4f38629
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 898172d11abd8ff77104f780af33f595a2c5ec8be832e62fa26473f4d8cc0576
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.raw.xz) = 8d21469a4280620ce81da6d1371d8c6ecb9b9577797a0bff4e58c7eff3ca947f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 88d6864e12be218b1b46671ba0bafbb70ae83be997f59814548183acc58d9e17
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-ufs.raw.xz) = 3a5cf73b1d7107f7adfed86edb423e9864f1efe6e8c6cb435097db22721413d3
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-ufs.vhd.xz) = ae41f8f3317e049c07a6cc7fb1571e67aa9e8152b66cd27c6320cc40ad65b0e6
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-ufs.vmdk.xz) = 2e4211477c9a0b53e64e2e752fa97074c7b5df922c2be8409c8306f03569f0df
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-zfs.qcow2.xz) = b3561194a02f513d29558b42de8a88c19e9c727a4ba5b052d535e44a65c8e72a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-zfs.raw.xz) = 33ae13d9105da9847a6d598d24761ede702dfec1f7ad34e3d6de0c339941ebb8
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-zfs.vhd.xz) = 90d8af921a39f49277205bb011ff95bbb3204e46abeadfa0cc7d598908459584
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-zfs.vmdk.xz) = 2f3ed769c653e0e1edfe2fe6877d8ae61fb2f78de244753493819ddfc8520bd8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoqwACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9uBg/5ASzF2DXmdKrUzSbk4z32mPqCdVtCm3OsmLx+gG/eMRZvC48XYVZd/woQ
+JI4jNFgN/rxbo81v8tFIcmmHbzt3H58E9B2+a+t17x9HjbW7Yk2CZ/RYOZ5cTlZW
+Gv9WnDPB3cS5+w+VxrLCn28DxnsSeQeAoVB1N5CkUTRyDubbZr73PF1sMpd5GGtH
+JNQ50ulxvQBswiaNxdu9jOxOjFhHjaVK1W1CUahWS9OrKdpjxBbT7tHQnuMH9jXO
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+1kbkmZ+E3fp9ksc+sPmFEyZYCnHU3dsgZZf1duPK9xgzX6hwT4i5tlnMMr5YlY1n
+ykDAmic0qUFUrBJ/Dfr/7Jn1V6NMHY5Ee//bHWOEH/c6UBZtH6Chu7QqYhw6Skey
+a+NEasmFPMMFi0c58IsGNF2pu1yq/s4S7LKFD9rt2SCIZtNLSoQdDNmaR80DMqbK
+2d668sTy685BdX8epUs/0gMv5PvzWaMYgxJatbMRLjFzzeCieCo=
+=6/ZD
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dda30caf46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-bootonly.iso) = ac46853bcfcc29ab936e8d3ba9816d757093fcdffe2b48f6097a9375a71dbda7
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-bootonly.iso.xz) = d0cc334fae316b539c74d7c36f663e3ff9b19e1ef2f12bbf96cb9a8e56c0f396
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-disc1.iso) = 3655bac2364e619b75826389580dda8eaf62a687f2ad204e4b4b290688a89cf5
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-disc1.iso.xz) = d22a642af32d4ef4721c81f4518627c82b17fa9c1b8dc669d11b777d5a91386d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-dvd1.iso) = bad03de084551208ea5e1bfce81749a7fc628ed1750573218fe6357ddc0ad771
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-dvd1.iso.xz) = 2420033b0b142d82b071190ebab37b660b5190dcde3faa870a5e5b23b85e1125
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-memstick.img) = 61e614eea6c8e54777b0214c1bac9612d477a4010a606687c4fc3e9dc3e0f2fb
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-memstick.img.xz) = 20af31772c8ccf766ef5cf00939a77e12fb2da15826236627b4ded4727e46684
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-mini-memstick.img) = fbff3baf766bf6b078e7394425e8551a5f3a1327e75d282edc17d828921f786e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 951ef92b28b02c803ca5ca46ffa1998a8a384b9a81128716ef2425eac2e7c457
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIyBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoqYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+YYw/3eYfCWQIGbblGAy5yYJS7HqO58Ar8N5+BzAfWDaZkfkTvaVKsl1Bun5GI
+523iiBKM8nizXJyxMc4L5y4FlHt1iufVWB7t/IYLii/3Gl2kAuTfRlpHeDq52y/k
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+EgTsn7+bjVOZGTfnAYXmoatWctpYAnZu+VJmwXjxHBZ3oZdMShds2vaNl9qRUaj0
+iDE58skIEiIv8s45J8BIskohZBlYXQrbGOiqZ9b7mYRG0L9XRhi/RImd3sbw41uY
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+vw+/OT7LetEo2LhO85oWLIFOKkHGxPt3JvKxvWvm+5AyhZSW0hMtv/+BGRcd7lDd
+VxDvlwYWfEq2tdeuajL5YZsWZsCilkL6EsSX4gMD2eUbnjvnJM2Zx7w7oR3KzrSq
+8tChWkDaeOnz2aQ5ocRRfY/V79gDsxruzpo+7rrL6b8tJMeXrTnMCHmw+GTNtJ0j
+Wtazo+Nd/pErsjK8cmKkNI0x1X7ThH1L6Yfz7tDjnfeL1EbSx+UkXEkWu9jKf62J
+DQjjfAvIcDBnoVlxJyMjWmCq6SeBJREGlxkQ3cvI1cLGni7u2A==
+=N2iF
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f87864b39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.img.xz) = 9c27a1f5b5bdc5c9a14bbb96a5e124ce7efcd0e5c34ba58f98d09b716f03494a
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoqwACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+oTA//QLPvpIQ5q7GGVmiEJaSgMbUnfP5NAiilUBuk2ECLIhv87OELPhz1FC5D
+f+2fJ8XfcGSPVqUkTgxjS/jP0H81luk57X5K+Ad5YYzS/sGC5LKBtMFgvG/Ce2Ui
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8fb53bbf75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.img.xz) = f869421a18cc78d88760c623d7a82281cc6284606d4e6477d6c29ae808f355ce
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22ec48b22f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.img.xz) = 746ebe2560343986a949911e49c319ede776f7a8e9efe59b23cfbd5810cc500b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..877bc64b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.img.xz) = a4aaa13dec3a41cd7d056f37a41e2d0f1037d6190a1b5f8f99e6ccd40650d815
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64e1e0d500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.img.xz) = 67e521bbe53d440cb8d6eadbc34e19d27df4d3f7be63dd344f0eba4f294419eb
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=mu70
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..959aa0d4c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.img.xz) = 3a10741e923ef908312ea137f5310088244cc417c70a48982898fa12846775df
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=KivT
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21a2e5cff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI.img.xz) = 9a2a5216dd9edf35f0e0ffb1ad1dfc2341b4fe767f33ee74d1db16de50a557e0
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=ds2R
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e73fd86a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64-bootonly.iso) = 4c9db65ae339f0a0015e6b9eaae8db19650a49c32c373f566f9550966c45d81e
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64-bootonly.iso.xz) = f07ec358ce80402125af45794e05d8c43db7d8ebe88d8dee36ef327a23f6d039
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64-disc1.iso) = 3719ab308190dcdc894afba5300f198dd4b9056b9958339792448ff9a0687163
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64-disc1.iso.xz) = cbafb5286ec090adef04cc4555008c7d17187503b58d542c04055cc7168338ed
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=5Mts
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7967873c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-bootonly.iso) = 96ef0d09dd7914528645872bf9f08eb9eb1b6330d295d4b504e9e035e2e7c20f
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-bootonly.iso.xz) = 74da843e8604ab5cc1135725a65a47ac029fc8b6b0bf12c0e6908ab6d897db81
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-disc1.iso) = 1b60a3d4f0f1d3e7a4a2e301674316130a34cbd5c7746adfc41d6da22696aadd
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-disc1.iso.xz) = 15c4bb268cc10800af6d171732b81daa3d7e1e228ad9d322dc0c19c17df4835e
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+A+1PSdCNeblupOdTtLQ9SnESJ5jd2t9jTD866FBc4YV+Rkvue2bLSyMrlZGpzJKM
+A3p2B8jk22MrcrDcG5pnT4aVJJ2aCcRSoISld1nlAB1Wd2Nd3d7ua0UOcT0FdcWy
+pKjom9NAxcHnnsU1lkCgo4ae7w7nvCQgeypCBr6RNVP+z3ON8BQ=
+=Fa1f
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e527ce30b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.img.xz) = 4f7a2af1a602b02f84909041a791a51365854d597a14541a110c6307c5af69de
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT90Vw/7Bixu/DMFSeExwY5XBNkdDqTpfiO6mLcelCfStKhYIshchmLC//fmwv21
+pdH+EavWwdKM/Mln8ooW7/idExEnrOQ08yHCR+INid2mKgfrpAyYX1EVEZ04bwh1
+NFwG1uPOjMfd25rHhLZk4mNVpZK8zQyMPXCE90h9oCc9/G5scepRiXH3L7ti7dxP
+Endw8m381I2DpyouZh04PLc1xnU6CMHFnxBLj1BVLHtXYHk0gQ/c2SL8wS8QpAps
+iQFr/E6GziTKKBI6J4siHjmK535yuFwJXho/vCLFXvMJqUz7b2ddqWOsErkKBzUq
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+RoMDSVMhlQyj0NZ4jopKvtQdnate+p6kEAGXSYq4eKaXHcXa5bFqBSf5J7BndjU9
+GiphymgD1V8NGvEO4UAcQn2Ok9qJX6C02hQV+94kqoOfFWNEHRUAx06A/DQZPbYT
+fFWuJvwE5YDW9PRy/H60M+fjlZaE6W/G4Cb0to77XUgg0UepzOU=
+=vwPu
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cc5b72b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 7da2cf701197f24c3769393e76a6125dd34434ff0769f58b681e7c35d505fccc
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs.raw.xz) = 2d4bd68236059a32eb640a18766a7f855ca9c9d465a6b99cb50cb73f5c9ce5d4
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs.vhd.xz) = 780b5d9268c32a258774d6f57334c69332cd31297014dfefbefa476d3a30ba11
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs.vmdk.xz) = 47d92d8f43356d680a4af57acec6243e1a284b9aa2495bf171f6ac2cb9405af0
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 6fd1b911d281bb3bdd41b244505f0493c1741dbdaafbcf617ff4a0998c9e3845
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs.raw.xz) = e43dc80b2c10c29e215c0bf2f47be21cc9067ffaebd3475e2c3b03d0556e5103
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs.vhd.xz) = 290b435e09d2d7cbda61b3541bff5b975b3dd6fb1b4c83dbde38bf0d51a56084
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs.vmdk.xz) = c1dda71a2eebccfe5ef373e083cb9bc7b51d870be9ec988c329be2afe27a2981
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8+JhAAjfxLp5QfEYy4nOvcns48Q7jOXns9jNjdBgBidd5vVfQ6y/WivRcjKB8V
+eYByPXVuGtnqEyJEu1KSTw1jTpRUgJQn20T9/NQK/6yzBoPS9tjoBbrYAtNA4FvR
+P7b+ibVP9U115VKX2VgTOSkyZ8W4xl1rp4Dnkdo4sQ8nptOx70Tj2PVhCtVIoc9J
+QoQxap3YjSr9tCTQovL6AppbrtRruVk/56ctK+NO1+VBkZA0GSvV0sUJMlYITf66
+aCE2YWo9PO/+xtPqmhUwVBmf6cvbUOylb0SZQAI437gOYYk1fbjisd4z1bvPoFIJ
+FfNwXv0jhUjPOoPq0CY0EKszupGnefGKY5FM3OFJlaO/LfZ4CX69/HzqEUTj9tcG
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+j0R2PpdnBYqBHbMo/DCiqshSH/yzEY8F73C3YDN+XWKgZGK8esaZ5D03+9uXx5PD
+r5zFEm/n2645XOkxoLMg31HldVifB8Mv0Kf0zCi4cOwiMmG5Aiik4vdVKy/Ac64v
+DPbNjWyzz5gzLb0ngso9U1KTDKfjLRuTWGIvUfE8aZ0nuohIgwbtVwvgn65xBmO2
+ci1sgaeYFvcmZknk1Tn+FA5rKCxdt8sZn59yWybdPuSYiGUdXs4=
+=8Mit
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbed4f94b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-bootonly.iso) = 558e948f7a9c5cb03ff4e9ebb5bb4f7e2376f051e758b1ca793d6c350029d23a
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-bootonly.iso.xz) = 5d9fe8e33b369767ce552760670d3ba55eb382d4a0ad8d2a6e6faead4a4117ea
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-disc1.iso) = 97d368eef5fa4a73b39c72941097f961d3892cd3e0c670dd7765ca298170e16b
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-disc1.iso.xz) = 422c4e0692751e0d586644511a2f99d474d81c2f9d5ecd3f8d2237539c417b50
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-memstick.img) = e01cba1abd48be0d4dc379c8b9a3d2ea5bbd5cd0669f84d7940538a858b43bb3
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-memstick.img.xz) = 922ba87707ed263720ad74d1b4c34872edec5e29ce1c87cb6f8c1e5db6feb31d
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-mini-memstick.img) = 5f3b6522f21b22427069657ba6ea8987fcc17ba0b7e0a9adec9a071ee47fde96
+SHA256 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 9426e73210e0d4942c46130dd7c4d48fbb1ab28199f6b872031407e85171924e
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+jwQ//e8msC19SFEw1StRFqdpv46p0WQSOWbODDl86TVvcBkg/W3mwyTXnbxKB
+ZZPxOCTGOD2A8YkEQgdodFDiBciy2XDsKovDQzkSUSCCAfll9KylYvfu8TTutKYW
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+SfUvQO+9nzxMdKtdByEC8SN5MGv77qMhMayRr3x5excq8fCStbo151frncxc0zOz
+Hz8zJSkgNKjQbibjST9dqReaVSQtKn0FTPm2ZTWiUMo6p3BSWFBw737xwQxWTAfh
+qEVFzD7/gjo8QIKmqYPDqqc0fBvVBbJc3ax8P86aHHwroJhb5MK15Q37qZo0/ft0
+RzxMNwCgPKTV3k7td0gMPqRH8fJaiFkkiLzP4g2y0z5Ja/EnRHA=
+=UtWS
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44d214adff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso) = 64b02afa0b8ea70817e02a6abd0243529904369519ff68a5735a682d1af8d9f3dd91ac15bb05847a2a036a4b157ac33ecd2b45f74b0d7fee9444522af0b6d333
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso.xz) = ad45eadac3e796db650e20a8c64dcdad861122ea5d18c483c0b2e36eb6adb8de1f268f13eebce6b3fc3bf2ef37bdcbb9e0205ed275e89180cf92843edfaf08a7
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso) = 964428f020ee9b32218fa1b8f1f364557cd050072059cd987d944a80e93d79e581951e0e28fa7c977a861ed2ab8b210054cf3b3cf9fa2dcca11e5b1501b7f4c3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso.xz) = a3c8dc30e45bb02105c5706fe030039d020acde84e830f014f6921f9e323ef8ca9b8fc2a04645d82c796f291a03c41360a5eab30bb2ae447c9320e24b490cac0
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img) = ec749d094a4ff10792e5e9b848396d54c171359536f21062a144f3c696dec4dfd069b87018e32134b1c9638e89deb3bc8f01bcfcc3ec5ca861cbf2778920905e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img.xz) = 532063fd580601579aeb775901e1f0499587ece546ed10649388da67c399711d2107fd1cbe90e45de89d73d7f6ca29fc4596e5268ba3cd55bf4452aec65316ec
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img) = 967bb91eae53122d2f0aec8234e7968e45c7945e18a23febfd7d8b5b40c080621967ec9726a8411a342fcd2635ab8df95610f2c18a1d4c309a776b96904d1fa1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 96eb373b205eb3516ce1ec8dc62921770e9a6c2028a7f47855e503a41554b53aa2b6a207720d1fab6faa994f7befe9615cf47b8688f0736d0580127ff9b80ac9
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKoACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8ogg//arSrIFM02lUs3cMPe2R9IOB/xFzlrpxyJj21OtYFlw4hi9DZlT2FT4Zq
+HRVdMVgLzB3T0faBOAUzAWS0a6mbkdiwrldpmBWZuW59vONwBRkxUQiV0+3FXHn0
+76Tvu2sPAq74lisK7t14RkP4p2CWVZZRU7QzHWIHfjPkr3jYFkxJEddmyOfQKTFi
+9dQ3GKnTUT4FQD+LoXLlieAAAKK4i3xn1GpuzDN0Xcblmyclplw0iftEGEKT1FPj
+bQkTj4jfPxUCx+7HPRFGHNy0xtD6Ga0WrGeBWFTSrgbxZ41Rbu5s8BqH2gDnRaHf
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+cRsiPeS6Coxt5+HZIV5rRKsTdvoc5h4qgEh0G60kidZZLLPWNdEAPPH5Z7uhE8Dn
+8RH1vuWAm5rR1r6JDrent17mUTSNAl4dRIjfJsFWcVrx/qAkTfQRJiVTT01/+pem
+lI4NpvLBymmx1s7pYnoDR2+Q4LMkv9+q+1UB5stML+AKS6ctZmO9uj31iKGZsURw
+dRCgbC6y+HrWKGpkxp7BkQwq+MAni0NO2f9KSciozjvMVpkYPRo=
+=sGrA
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d34012a015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 32861b8dc6d3ee569ee3e99f2700eb6f80f7ca0d6e604e1b621eaa0bcc836c2798462c00c8a935331581be36c25fc27dbd6a2c8933839b89f37dc78b8ba7f31b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-ufs.raw.xz) = c7b88cd04c45df9b5b71e36cc8f39537048bb747a2a6ce84e833ecff6be710c2d99870ba832e27b896f5b04f05190617b550a459689d783b6f46c8ebf680a317
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-zfs.qcow2.xz) = c0209ae6fd4fa54bd4cf6be7a4ac69e3f302facf95dbd3f02a3e3e3bfef9cd6858db0150f6e66d1ada8d7a2d9f574ad873913e013760f12c0712b5b5b2d8b717
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-zfs.raw.xz) = 4d0d2de09be9e3a5c4604fbd0e47c43f8590d92d7195bc1196099f4b55116ea65cfc620d748d6f810f22f14877fbdf92a2225bf6597bf51dd07458fd93ff9464
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = bd29383ea365284f8b37f31fa17d12a4f247684c1ffac03b6570def24df59d89176ca19d62557f73edeb959faa94cffe23a6be1bad59f810ef2cc81dcbeeeccf
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = f594012244866d79324b4eb7bc31aa7dfa5068f38317285c48e90a044f892a8d248538b0306a0f351a3880fded07135e0bb588354b127dd9dc497b69218e21c2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = fd63b0f57a4cc8bcee02d6233bbe6458f93e671994e947eaf36076db248895c48dff32d3a32782007e037ba15479a08f6522f054373606478cb439da5d9845ce
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = aa34f5b1a630001fba5619817bd1fcd0d0349e2906993e8447711adaab293d5f54f0023d1c5ed9a2ae0e18dccd8ee788dd1814369d0fa754a1d883f2b033514b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = fc78842a3bd9ae247205988a98f7cce375294f4aa130790d3daef18587f40ea719de1732a30b28bcde194c721db542ebaadc07e085efa4ba13a3783f839787cb
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = 99a2373d40431ea30accb7e6ae593db673066858d80504c86e1e18bcfa9e634c50a6c39e0d19ba10bbda16a92f95a1a972f6aa1562160f8ad972c18dd7a52974
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = 4886652941903a74a0564aab10e9b5e67d183313e2115005d977a31b57701895e06d1b6e35f1ed5f143424eec54d8350ce1cac790705c6809e3c1506caf96817
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-amd64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = 756049ce26e3910a221a3f167b8cc155b3ac5e217eeae4e7ca9cc69c8aba244043843fe70a3059a1cda6dd779fa3e0567ac94a09c9f836ba51aabd879a452e7c
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKoACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8ukg//bQFZvaonwJAv1MMWskrGYYEoSEzXxA+HJEp5a6yHiw2CvRyeIKwkw9Cq
+aKq74N/wGUYkrWWKfhu24446E1jPJyPsqJq75oElmfAOYHvnYs04H7nKkGdDZs/q
+UpUaGM8ng9eIsIWt2MMl2EfakOGDAcZd2h+5t3vheRXYkNg3vb/EaqMJt+iPkciy
+Fd/UWh2qP0gPooUVtSs0lX0OmIc8BurRQJNUPdQWLC3LiJD+vQZ3fNXHMqPdLFxj
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+ancbjIEhaVTLuh3kRoyjCeWgjZV6QpXFuggMmATY12kHJ1KtYlk0O7Fu3B5xr04A
+IgAMuqjIr6OAx2xFan1wZ1ac0WexWAWA+9nd56QHIhRU4m/FybxR1Wl0maUpTV9d
+CVY5Sv1Ktzlx5xuxbrEgApFANmqQnFk+iFi4wth7nGPb+k/XD0If2thz2IXmUwhf
+QAChJU6lN3kgFK/dq3Kz9zRGQRGjMj/SMabCQBnyZpIrPeojJH4=
+=9/9u
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b555280138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 56ab56fefea5291593caa7e05dadc67f49cc698991058e06b8e05274ee8d7c98b1153f49f66ece89575c08677a3035731c7c88794463622d830e57ad69af37a8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKoACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=D8+N
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b76a07a759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso) = 3b8beaeb2a259db6eb9dec1c79f6a7ff9ee55464302db06b2ea268b70abb4caf5b2006a501b06a8f481a035a0eebbd859b60fb078eb52ff1fb0586c00fbb8e6e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso.xz) = 205bdeb877c2b79366b0160039d6489f8bd1f461fc1253eabd1ac3ad2ca793e6eb44da11cba35c00e1bdfa6fea1940024f7031b59d60f0b1532bb086b47a194d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso) = 2322aa808c62eb348549fce7e43bf91113f6a6f2d602ca32ef3fa73d73cbcf10f68c06e132492cb91305ef44be38b1bdb372a33d908853dc8a9ea28a84b1251c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso.xz) = 198bbfedf8403b00fdd3faad4c3bfcdcc8bb72034c456f0d5e804146be6be6540b3bd022e3443c90942ad151eb4666624a9566a31f223689e5ed43ffaad68b55
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img) = 379767212b1936ad1bbb916bf5355415719b2c0faca4e80936c6332684d85ea453c2b3d4235f64aa40d41a456ed6a9fbd1a5222db589af5756b3f93eb0f17c7c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img.xz) = 7c1ac113179c9fe6020b5891e0501b9ee44aa6e6861b57ffeb8bb6a8fb1d515bf78760f6e41a26e7292808c00b1d8aa540b0e9087b87d7a9059ae3d18d78b294
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img) = a223339f3eed3222d05faf9eaca5fe51939aaab1998447090c715156db4f487ed57b240c32e38c6e6def4dc6157bf2ed7a8707a706b260b521ba6ba85c23bb6d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 1ae58c9c96cb78a5318331d19dcc4a9c02e3c076e22de59cdca4ca6c2df5061ac62cb7bf9053c9fecab78e34f573a800bbb612734cf5860c2fac54fe201a0259
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=T4xP
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d41b23ea87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 32825aed641b095de84a8b454352d7d0ff165fa5e1403800ccf5fa44fbd4e9cf72efe9a74f0aaa5477465dcb72b0794225d05732633553bbf99bbb1f3174f285
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=QWlo
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..136a4b36c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = bc23fb5116ed61aaf7c146cc45c4fa542192979b8311ebf19cb270bd63b76c0e30d3e5b15a4dc00585c6a4df4916a81cb763582620f8b6a823512c0ac84ab4f4
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=WKzc
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b3aed950d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 46101b0fd95b57c8793e4bfcd3d7b51e0e09b59b46fdd1085ab162d77cb3466e03a58940bc5130e5d1f9bf9814b47556851119ac18f12c7ee89677d0b8647695
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=gFSE
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e992275a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = c6d738e6a6b1b89869595c6f510c348377b6f798636c46d007f1315b7ebf65361291433caa406cc950b5f5119c8a8f06d8a54566b89df32f9c6c04b44e6db5dc
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=Hdml
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e55fbe7cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 33c9464f12f74feb9eeb4119422297bd05e217f90c63be39a240743679bb91098b54ba0afc7b59e00303e5426ce56007f0bed7653daf612cffbb1f1973a9edc3
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=8qhD
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4afa36e424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 808a9ae86d765e5af4a6c94eb2101fc7f7b5b49426d6ba6025d41debb054f851c4265e9eb8e4e6ddb4291f502508551cfd8359dc4149795f55946e803500ec64
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKsACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+oVw//eXnxv1zjtFTXbXQA57sL0hnanunrlocsvXx9HWm4eChAvftD2+DgNvTH
+TH2WU5hF1nHRgO1HozmWQ1bu4FDHGd6BMECPQ3LtgXFmTwpbAKiiFLnZUwcTkwt9
+YJSbFY0wV6Yr3t5hSZPSaNZ6nnsvcIKxAW2qQgQHfwL3APFK2HGBlZfBRAbuFV42
+pCRwOV96s4/IBJVLy7n3hmJhmbE1f4tWDHQHT5/9faenQzBpldhg3f2eWjEkz9en
+6ARjIAQvvrlup/wLTS2XjkQNg0NBkInI5c13QHtiqiyxRCGZRFvzLzjPWmoJB9HI
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+aE46hnwQ/ptISi3+NBM1eFPxeSbXx7rDAShod+V/eBtSDOOKSD49cmG6tYSAW75g
+SGDjKbpJhm+a99/+OMTpJl8q/FRIBnYVA5+dOUGpCeB0+EoH2OVUoSePkGzAz4DD
+1NJdV45D/EK7myiT+txGGSIRHAchnNgkMWoBMl4a3ViEaEKcRogGmpmI1tCQ5rKZ
+MMdHQdsth47kYq0y5JyCKP+geJhR7azSy4yMV8BJIDeVDwslrhxheykawSmYKwtP
+mzQGp5SqiX42rTFOg+5bSV039bhnoyWG58p8qx4C/DqMErX/eJI=
+=BgqU
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d2fafa9dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 17a62bc40c8927f49e431a6793d508628f1fd0ba00adc26e8fcd0626cd4941a9a046f1723ce83bb83b6f8eeac38f11e93ddd1d4c3a258fe8cbabdf210be02474
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-ufs.raw.xz) = b2ad460542d6d59565c1abec190dccc9401d9156cc18601ead89ac35f9d04a8881b59957ed9af333bedb9c94d0b8928bcab2b1c9827838f72e0e9b4195f329a2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-zfs.qcow2.xz) = dfd4e5ca4cfb107affe44b238dfc9521180dee509e1133d68ad0f680ae22636cb73504e076ea12f1f141a3b16ae2fb8ca31305825bba0221debb33ebe78a6247
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-zfs.raw.xz) = 48f5114501b04eaf013025ab4b40ac525aba2424d99ec96ca735ceaa8536a3e32ad015f7b5092e91222445a3ca4cbcdc2062f63ad023e5175e497372be1c68dc
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = 2a33d3a0b84ff874b6486140d66742a99e25985cbc71c61d86849babcb84ace84a5a148740fe318afe204b59baea916f7cedc9b4eb4dd54a193bfbdd4bde444c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = 5b828d5718f45821ecd135d46697d8bf1b197317909e8c65edd57ee2ea161d4ffd93117e3838bd0b96a43fdbebfbc19c606e676eb6e5fc8712dcb1157c81e4f4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = 4128bb4a751292c312c76a1088632dc5583f616f3bec5d1d1c94f8d43e17e3cbe38b97f2eaebc701083c55d8378b1da71a4bc17c3391ffe1edfc118caae93890
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = 0f8701f62a0bf3d56579cc97ef5b3d5be79b3f17de404e3bdd5e92a07ca18a80860a30066585d052ba81464faa546575b320c441277ffdd179617864f1db74af
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = a048003fec1a6ac50192b3ca38d2f21ceda0c7ce31cc7a1c8afc09b07dfa0757d968b518e64f006f37f069bc857367c187e1673d5daefa0e906ffd83fa50e826
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = 56d395d6bb041c74e803c6be9b4759a61a593b6668085b3227ceb022e9d7362cc01b0078a57721b894fc013808f3a54472bfba1bf96e09f60dd8d25508c285b2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = 5bfd35c536ff73a6eeac76d8bfa40b026cbcd73d01a9a0c7b6782efbca2be244845e323df2a3d84a2585e18b7397200ecf500e54b1a6d4b749baba9891e35180
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = 45465c64d9945411db65535762cfeada99a603b6eeccdb0010b04536ceb340be5783c8dc963d5eb7645e65030320e9d864e1ed2501e122d06a708322e9da7cd6
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=mg3Z
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de5c38751a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso) = a2847504adaee0b23e3ce1306cc99796b8b0c3bcfeaced23ab7900d446b839d4373670bae9df1378f475b5f61ef66582b5dd34dbc68f06db1ec1f2d91fba6bca
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso.xz) = 8b023c6eef9884289b0ec40bd28e3ef359c0aad2b764ad31635ad8dd154f8ff37c688150e259408558a1f37b5930124f1a5639dbf403b6cdd6518245fa006b2b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso) = dbd674227d25ef7bcc06bb1d227a00f4493696f3d92d179bae3152fd8fcef5e9c9049fb8d87327e7f5c318dc6f21ad42c63d91747e52c4e1941c180182368a29
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso.xz) = 8ed4c40e04a05ca65b95f4370451d2bd61ba59d27a7c3c2ce777510639466cd9e56f3f93d1b00be931c700c7cb23619b8b634ae7d2cfe8043bb100294aeee6f1
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=Pxhc
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08e25772ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso) = f5acd4ea97df199595e47f0177c8914faed14df9265e11b3f1ba18cacfe5f36e0eaa1de340eb90b2dfc47802c5e2f1a9a79559559a0525c1fe10f537a5e4ce4f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-bootonly.iso.xz) = 5bc54db9d4c2c437e4686c18c04e7c7f0c322dedb1868559feca91ef4d59ad16dde9d90850686ac9efc86c72228780b40092c728fe852f70e9b86cddfca870cd
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso) = cab182eb168f4065bc400014293a6e2d225a069458368e7dd1362bf4577d69e4641b6083d26397fd776adb2c4461ce1900a4b9b06aadabe11bc0ce2d950bd941
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-disc1.iso.xz) = fce8edd651df4f24ad3da10bc4ec3a42fe913de14f652bb2b9be95af76da72cb94f0b3fa607e5d9ef7c6ecb590b5f4d8ab3613432670092ca50c0881323e7aa7
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img) = ce6b51deadfca5a739ef5215c336e8a02c6eee12428e6126460767f1b46f2a6e9d1aa4128f847c4eb92d4087a8b10de23f21d70b0e270c27ca1d8f69ed8191ac
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-memstick.img.xz) = d5c5d7c0865463e8876119a0e9b65b829874cf632c5c03385e4e48b674feb8cb6f05498e82e0278548aa9692c3c3b8894b622eb7596447ad3bde1128c0ed6172
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img) = c157325125c5bac9878cea05969637e8bce5443e159f7305684658a62700d7ce018e92f849d3c2bfc7954c4cfe0321c52755cdedfba1db55e1560e6743f4746b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 7d5f7fa80155ead0438d27783fd5c3cdb8f52850a77db2df629f3d98ee4a7536eccbf6f7f624b7ce986b627184862a524226481f36a9153249dc38b61fe08316
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=STNN
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e4fbddf16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.img.xz) = 12f53a01096b0bba0bd91356ade0972a5812b22b6992e95fdbb0ee1696099124ed5c56e3e732f64798676933884e2bfba1ad078ce12cf960f96ca9f158bbc480
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmi9PKsACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9C5g/+LJSxWeiwvnj32KRiwT7RvCIunjB6f+DJ26+bAJk/GYF7+dZka1+2TuOM
+AX+Yfm6LOMckZm3OFkGe5TjZnrphUvvFt8ByZKz+N7Nu+RAQMtZ4O/+TfbMmV2Pd
+SNX+frp33wIBTWkcnGfhJssLmHxx5GvjOIi3yzfok9H/mE1rAP+bkc9DcTZOh7Z8
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+y7eAh2gfoXgOWet2BZVBPx0XjYlsCZzSSxdM4SvhHfs2Y9nM0Hopl9VIJtffGwAT
+LJsirBYl1id5aTEVoS5dV5FNJDVGSilIQhKymM8x9+QKLlTPQfiPHNFZxb46hjBI
+nLDyUrpNttx+NQWGZhwcA6GG9fZb3Scf1dwlCCuJkIuAlJu74OmCfN+GTj8lNJwl
+/vaad5A88JDbNj8QhMvW2rcuh8njwT6cwPPLzdum9xxCVaXbhlM=
+=sbfr
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0824534183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = 37d3858e10ff089b1b7eb3d2822cad1e3477a67a5252ae445f644fc1eef8b3a7a5062dca1e2ccb954c763689fad5fc215f67c2bfab472787c5e86fd50d583cdc
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = edadc7ae8a305761b7d1a11d2414db47bc449f9d0c23f49d2ee8f0e0e6dae65c92363c2b58159d80ab098cd955efe80a8d87520602035fc05912d849d10618d3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = 6cf9bd81104a34fc8a2cb06a0c5ac9844f4cbc3bfc842bdcf46dc28ec5c258c036b6c357a226e09ef5992be95c8d515f9416b3ab8b4bad1d2a2995285160f132
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = f8ee0a432900997ca7858b429bef96a2f3f9655b16457474dc020d49f7ed40bd545d5cb9d00009d5ba057d4f8d149657fe3233c293f14c8b0be70a090b76711f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.qcow2.xz) = 1cbc828fdc04ca2b1158b6d6fca29c16c289958391f878225a07c74295f1f046ec67e7844f1196be6ab24d7b96c8f99cc938d71e8c771c299fc647f0287a48f0
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.raw.xz) = ea3094b1f7b11da10d0bd3dc189fb38360bbcc5efe724148554fb9c030c98d2e2421bb3e2b85e97281349febc131ab08ba874faa3942564f3920849cf44c1f35
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vhd.xz) = eead55d0957567c1a0739c1876dca4e2788b8c3540a1c79a1e55551ce0a5af77c171c22476b83307dcf4d7944a42aa40005dcd8c9d8fc3c7034a4681ca8a62fa
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250906-0b3d82579a01-280099.vmdk.xz) = 1ee233b4a526eebd3d46af8c40ff8ffd7616df9feb54b9092a6f200fc07bc8fcba4b4e15112e2b59f8aa3244dbb08bee03aea6edbdff3570e1f80dc82f59f25a
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=3A47
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8882bcfbcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso) = 5eee5db55e36b88dee6f6edf388dc9564ccceb91edf7ffae2a737888940036b3189e0629d43988d802a82eb8582352f4c81cf4aad675ffd6e9031cf4b97a73cc
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso.xz) = 0f08e30fdfdddd82ad8bd60c7c3a15a25f230c3e46e5c599daea70667c4247b44484a4f9a962c83bf8e18bb0edc0161a6f878f4a63cbb4888ab2e68e6f591a6c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso) = f1f4fdf8e1be381a956e521482bed51b8a98974585333b508cdad11f99ee7d1d5ac8e692d4ea80d5731669286a9b99fb812fc4513c53b98090764ac10f0470ad
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso.xz) = d94a4399a4678e111135a5d728132833e21c3b8ca0cc95cd3c2606e9e0f061216504fd41ecd075ad480eafa6b6d3526695576da80989b1538a299fd15caf688f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img) = f29c5511b9683b150b0e0569afc49511d026fbf6c7f8abbe11a994b23b9119bd575be4548ec17b26bb9b569637cff62a57ce26a62114dbf22ce33cf2a8d483fb
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img.xz) = 0a7ee785ff664a66cc21becdf24256355fa519086e400e6ab959d57c3ab807a22e13ec5bb6ead9bf996b1696d2688a47f594b742305c65d7feebeb5935129a20
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img) = da2f87996494a4604ffeff28a9dd22062a112ba1d9efa819bd899115b548651318039bbe8a3ae8886404664b22e61c9898c772800dc4fa7bf619b9aa3cc76ce9
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img.xz) = b9605c4c3511af2165125bacd2f0c160b625afbba0c26443c8a5d70df8b485dd5e8550eaea65ff588375f8c8e1d88f502fc36590a2639f64c75e7c1ff01e740f
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=cNPm
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..625a1ac3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 89fe30e4fafbf976d106724a5680b40417c940a2c8335b3c5890f37f7ffa81b76a9f55c82de061a234f7d87438e03c49b0ce25fef7b1451d649b6828e37cdd04
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-ufs.raw.xz) = 846c18785e8eccf16a255ca145826b187c7aa1614611f43dd4da2e4f650029f463aef6f3493857dfaa588e4779a85aa4f83c5c98c128cf5578fb39811aaa386e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-zfs.qcow2.xz) = fcd312877c10d37138eb73419b8dcaa320a493837096a3d598bc80d2f88f07d3093b8fae71c093507778703cb0c0374cefbdc84b59fd2aa9712725e1926eb08d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-zfs.raw.xz) = 44fb241c3fc30bd1619c6b9376fb6f65ed898ba02c7bcaddea40c0e8c9297cbf0d739be0e20b81922b41dbc4f74a9989beee6b9edd88736d01dff47aad0463c4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = dde8064dd3e981babc1a899c5dd0084a2c68765d497f63343b1ddd8d486f405add14ca525baef5cc159b0267f7a789134153a5f7ba16ebca4627e4da8cdb4bfa
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 0c08d47863e8bb7c17f09ad919eb037578c0128c521f3a44a90d67f433c1d44ba12f649a5fef9853215cab1360cb5766081d442b9a806abe66dca35a8505c947
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = abe842b5cf65e30455b7a687d6aadc77f563db601efe9924a4bac16c191ae0d0d2c959841e3c54185ee0b6b95f95b3c0e4ea254df4be75ae6996093a1ec0b28b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = f939cdb780412a660c98a0850cde8966f0fe5f311637c30ce1b9f957471f16fbb589fa41ed1d56c3e0ca2a2b91a9b54ca72e4d610775a8a1e33e80385369937d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = 2805c53fef72937fd7f300c86ca87ac97a3f359eda373257ec0d448d0bbc2e8947f1712430b472ecbc28ff3457db59ff5449ba417fc6be2bc5984c4e42cd7935
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = aaa4872844abfa76390ae16427634a3f5b7a9d0d8a7792526da1f9d8edfb19f1e6cfa02f5f440cb626be737407a099bf2b759c9f7744e4c1ece152609f1a3f18
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = 02053e98662273a50cd07c6af4a53cb4694844865808b5763405ca46cdd8581eae4fcb99f98c077f6d59db72d769518f5da2fb18e5c8c0133740077b6436f86c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-amd64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = b0e57c69e10e37b2a359d57ea6cdb4b47dc9d968be598cae08feb95f906d4975b2671b9a77dee059f878bacb06c9e054ad0125ae7c27688437df487ad7d6892c
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=j+4i
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7a5bd63c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = 01b5dc37f5708741fc33e0eea6c413a7c072a5355d3d42daa22d32c643308823f2a17a664b06fd1dc7ec9d7d6e31614a3e3ea3f977402f5e9a11d067438cdc15
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XMACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8uNw/+I+eTsZ8+qeGzFr2GWLaOStFSOJ+zap9ek/mtroj/rGcHrAyzIEdDKD4t
+SAD0ppF6nvzkDt8Q+VamDi+bkz/yBbiWsxIhM/mrrW90w1juT9//zkVTjXZjpLPn
+pbv4BBbL3ETA/13uoFWfi11zhSNwjQOvpCVttYeK1A0YeL5nS75XwbV2JoIZV4pu
+biavSsoaJDRCV2+2Z8UGp9z5ZEpjMdigIicfBxcyToSylQgDepKnrhIxoHxWLiTY
+1wxfZRXH4HcHdAXPKd7bITSeBF35MgDJ2MooQnAEBklIkAriaAubzJuqp1hkJE6W
+una93/fmlBnB81LlxuGgtkCA94a45i4+5akAzljN34KOtx5r46k+ViTlLVsce6Mi
+utea+1/ogdhm6sNoKr6hMRPjZbVRF40WWdpXlmjm0lKNqPfQfSDH2OZmUXDJAtOr
+wlBDoPH0bBoNj3cYN1I8H2m8OrvAmFjMHOOJ9eKBzFyWzX1894R/WyYqN7nGNYrD
+78FYxgjHrund8ZIF4/4JBvpTcC/r6MUOW9GpZX+B2Wd7DoZl+hKHN5oabfYdey4F
+YL6KVsQy5oGeQl7Kpmu67Nsyaiy2UXmfsTWhoEN8//fJuS7GU4zJCAYpgMEm5wmk
+2NxEZZFgIGBMD6UM7qhAsDu+Adq2E3pPJIw+Et35AYNa2hCC9Lo=
+=jJ3B
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c10d314b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso) = 071636610260832e6535d24fe9ba63b0827d2cfd1f4db65e6dd7e761d65ccd60bc1538390b6339578fc865d448ec7c2d3ce74c8899814b57852bc66b95fab6f0
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso.xz) = 3d134868386586990e6c6363eb2e3fb30d7fb49a218a27316b0867b2244d5f567caa1a573b5150b9de54c42c750a1470c1b175ac09b5e056fb3cd4e7a2a5909e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso) = d2dde80c45a2ba5edc2e6d2fecdea67bc1acba4b01ed76f2cb0ba893520a8d190ec739bfd924da8e9c66fcc99d1c4c3cd133c31af81a1ad64285235930a7c9b5
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso.xz) = efc66183bc4f04005d93fdb76542c9949fedaed11ff51e08d3f85980dcada23315e621c13fa7f73c6a9d7dabba92be4e216c5812948eafdb2b7248773575ab24
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img) = 26814ee4a7f047cae98fb242184a5cefd9223991f24245dd01f94e208049abea783c3c8cfde61e6d67894946204ab1cf625951d3ebc8040396971b3586b7ef4d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img.xz) = a0c93e3869999d93a9f70fdd8525f51fc56aa42f53170e870d880adf8210a53a64caf8a2be91297dcd75587095b32db47e053ce5dcf0f0aa3eb2ffb459773b44
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img) = ce2152ca477769ecba4f3a33c869e4733851e707280edfef4ef7b1af5c8e96d663df0ccd6d35ba3f1d047f678a9b7fc8eb97464d9da0f299302166c3bc84daba
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 1e843415d42fa466ba770fea8df9ff4cf38a084e642b6bd6d99740d11309936ef1cd8266477feebabafc634ef966d716a8fed28738c1d3b53432498a91df135b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XMACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+rVg//aBLXa+gbSQ5JcruLewXjx9pLu1OEo2ba1pKi4WZY3LhlvaPe1IyOM6Ip
+5q00Af7Yp++Gv+ido1lKHB7vHgZNnsztym8fdkVdmICXP9V1Gxqlv9kBXxIyMAnw
+ZCl9L8m4s0I2k019yszJU/YJ7cdOBSIUWKpiOx45znbshtVZlY91JV+mXY6gq/GN
+BuXRLVDmfDZSsDRULkCGm4AXB1J4b2qMXmR0yejemSl5inqWKgKEYmyI/Cb3Vsw+
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+=eELF
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5126e99784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = 9bcd067df426c0112761da2d43384d1881b73b22b001cafcf47446436d90d5b3a2e8052f80d048e03264b38a1e69bbc12cfff1940e6f0a17ee29e91b3f4e72ea
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=C2HA
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..438a34098f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = e2feff26bbe8ec0f3b0f5d322d2fd9ba1c52b2941c4125700692350a2d86616a618cbf1d9e4076a01b5dec4333ace0d14101d8623f5198c97cb73648a9154039
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+JZ8DMpdDgsEHY7k1X6q2fEY7lA+GlnkrB0EohIJDElAqIdNJChE=
+=WLZ5
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7fee3c26a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = ce1d4b555710f835a49fdc6ba30c25bcc5e8df7497fad0c51fde72025db214bfc95fcf2dc4339da6c4acaa74e326a503401e8bb6af14641aa6fef78b832ccf53
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=HJ1X
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae363ebf8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = 0be4727dcb5aadfc57ed905d98f1410af6cf307727e7a0c5dbe0c9c0e288b963cda31f5d465b30b688dce7fccccf8c2983d8569e91b3488d6574eab97c22afec
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XMACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=K8B/
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96dc924035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = 1f561240e854e14700e9ed5784390cc688a1b66ec18a2ec6d84f046a8676a0ba1766897fbc4a9f270ff1037575219f1e54035b6317bea013b150951e9f6ed983
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XMACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT/RyQ//Z2IKj+e/5XtSozaMG+E0wx4XQauFH3U60YUNWoPtWUx/pPATsVrNYeaB
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+4LPMuFfPCbZWg/ara5UdHlshZISuZXIUYE5IYGe88LTbj/rZmMES4jfDSglc+Hgj
+k+CI0snvIO3jLuA2GLmJrgfl/t/UVolR1npeefIs6QgCH0gPt8Y=
+=tbTc
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d00234bdf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = 9aa272edab5ba189fc78ee44c00ff60a6a0bad908fc36145f856318f246a8b89825e296b47317f14277dae873a9c1e557f37dcfd5aa97e9f8561767364b30c70
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT94lxAAhQNfsLBb4+q3/t0/jT/TLE/+fqrnmXXvqj0xIsuyZ/5xSmMeIN/U5qzw
+t8VtUAgKuWahCix9omg49j0/ky9vYxuOJyb1g7sYFFEnXfKw0gNou6CWcuM0kowg
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+URGDwhQXX/kv1Kp+K9bhn851Uj+jtxNr/AlP7EQw9JOVJoEs8Vl7LNnP4i/TfIZB
+JB4W011zyZpEwA7tVVHgAsDsSUmY3/p1zrHhN8jiG+b31hTAlK8=
+=6c6d
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6c35d43e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 19d4965e8cf1cc375716ef50ec3137953a2e90f9c228781554433b4116dad952321902839429505617bb44977c9d43932534dee0988bf2d23ac4246f5f8e57d5
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-ufs.raw.xz) = fe1e70447036e18d672fa7edf1fbca404b4455388184347fc4b4d2bb72f86b45d08530a5af1df2e0ce1dbadf16732d99885628b22ab8ff8ed29d57cf59f3c83b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 554dd580562d1ce1678a219b19821f11a2934fcb220cc9b24ce585aab26e325fbeb623602a9ed46fa07d748a9e1cd7348e6cbe071a86a76958e6220ed1704f8e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-zfs.raw.xz) = edd37e214f5200f8eaef46ac8618dc500af526b3c882569ef27f9f920124bc2dd5fcc0f3a93dd7808ec25cd28ccccb65f2ff711ac2e94e4d3c37631bdf710b17
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = 13bb272d9c91bd32fe57a9601fcc0805f80cb8ffe5adc9116ca00d319372766b5b3a730394ccee71793ab5044cc09ab19d4414967328d3b75dedc8ef597badc3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 5c350b3bd9f6aaf93b344e92243d98afff62df803736c80c70e37d3c6afc0f0dba2b6c81ef347fbd2aec5cabfac9d45a9f6f6b46b681bd1b3700d2b6e57a5c83
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = 5cae9d7ad506c35810f21442e03e8a984811a167b6a3231f2201c29529c46501324639901ab573f0ce7fb62e108aa1c191c40dcbe124b554427a33527b286df0
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = c7e5ee795f275df0b9cc3b083cf9bd27dd64a60940d5d3398521629cd63a0afb7f73bbbf9efd36494779743ed5a0b8bf546710ffaed86a5afeb88c2278310b36
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = 7dc671b750c12ad4a3a9ca327d31b1e1b2b162bcecc2afbfc6aa49aad37965a6727de7ca2ae4cc86a0942ae7fa99767cff3ef1a2e2b533aef205c8aa757bdd5a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 418cf1f24cc092415a32ebd7d26aa8648a32307354185cd45580687b06fdf21526eeea760128a8ce993d69d121e61be6bb1495f685c414b77ca322876f515d6f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = f25cb7cfc10a052f420e3bc28b7925ecc93b73d1cdd2a29e5bfe5b9d6f206b4c9e15f8f46bbfdf28f3776055e7fffc6d8c8da0b02215ec0c7e9ee61e88c4c3f2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = 2580d69cea389c3c2b0b6ee921f72205fd1a0d8b70c50c59aedc95f268e045b29ef4218593cac539acf0ee54e0e6a47cecd2c2753b45399d46a1edea02fd7a88
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8INQ/+LG+DaBGiBV7DqKDLRmio8BLPv17dURKJiOttxN4W9ELJKTd40WJxmdlT
+U5u/wPm3tWtiCYZqRM+nAAVUUBOHHlDRyzuBS4sH0arx1R6v8cmx0qlctaPyN3C6
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+uGxpnn5058YwGyJ3lxMf4178XSMrq6CV6qSsgCbLMdi2b9iL1lBiblKaQ2pSSaiF
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+5Nb017rc0Vr5x6KdC9sGUiY1r3VydORJvwSxXD0K1yWJsKFT+bvVXlEow/mDZEzd
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+791YlMkI3OHdG1pLk0NMx26zzbOo2NsJb0C5ZbsxDpn2IB230woY+L0oa7CS5C2w
+oLLYyW8pW0flM2bM5K+F7VOraVrKzc6Hyo1lYT/1STsSmfWg0I8=
+=fxem
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..937fb1b3ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso) = 96409acced72d462507e94ceb4757f44b8ef6ddbd10aa089f031b3df154333fcbd8df4977d48df1d594a9a6209b9c3de6f3919df12941f659488a5f29d6b40b4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-bootonly.iso.xz) = eea89ab5b19a6876eb1f38bfad9ed35b1532550d5bc637573be2ee787dc37e09be39602c9c4ee92cc42f5535c59dc289f5517da3b30870a46b1895d375403de4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso) = fbfa03a333fbc8eed8384ca3924cfb8030e23e429776e0f46be205a00e9617c5406097d84bd58beeb08b0bd92519c05aae614de0b68d04f6dc8d5c8b75b858af
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-disc1.iso.xz) = 13008f0b0192a2b413adf2256cb9560cc3bff971e073baa322005f250d7ce36376559a5fb5b96708cde9df664482e000e4e5fb1dc558fbe638bf61ff7069403f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img) = 9488e93af096e75080dee865615e9aaec686f4f68e743bbcff2bef94050551a4ae4c269d926702146a0bd7b904db8b34a61fca14293aaa46ff657e5d1944ab5c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-memstick.img.xz) = 1215ec7e331c26ca7b5ba437c9a9a0549f3592648ed0bf826a7508f6ed7c44f1077965c3609b85fcbebdd6626ffd6cf9242afbef078637bb2a57d39c348e65db
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img) = a8b18bc5a594177b83e8473211e29d847dcef23406de68267f13ea94fd08a15bc6a5db7bdd7e1114186788482b6dc37a856a4f1d6ebdcd7fc2f6c84b31a8b207
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-20250914-da62a299de31-280122-mini-memstick.img.xz) = afcd02b8f30f4774753dddd676d5d45f954582fcbc2973260f1b389f24ac0b02057723148bf478d6fbd71f82a75cec20dcba31ab95bab940c4cf6748deb48516
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8ZRw//a7qa6swvFUdwxUIpG9XMDoS6zzAFLQVN4QKR58lF5e2qGl9Lpcarn9KG
+LqNVqLdywhFH5eTiECxBW+zp/uVZSp9cqxCBME6c4zr6bgz32hrfdQ7L0RkMlPfZ
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+Ax107rWIbaBGQTNgIYhNtbJ2Ie07LsfRz9wgMrKqzGjEROUeDmQ=
+=XHBt
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d28b96c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.img.xz) = 75c9c60e879d071a94e858e0aeeaee29dbeafddc692ed3af1f6636ffed83f4d731dc52026736740fab7f3107c948147f19c4cf03726000b8b87d28ece1af51a3
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+G5w/8DdAlDMB4TKnpSiz6TL9W8RRrZ48BZpA9slVW1kQnKnV3VWWW+HQ7MPfM
++H3B52ieQAsVXJcj84fQmaXYTCDdPw2KpCMkawhN1kT5x4VhseWabeL8eH/GjCFX
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+ZwRRBVlNLb/FNEGA8P52L2qHi55m6P84+oM9VjZNyIoqQ+cZMRCt/+UPCs8KYFM/
+rk1qSwlj+zR+tgZrWcre1iWWxLpm5zRPB53ACJxadfqxxJHfGTwwUv2nuUBMloSe
+Nj2yszAscxJhU7EKunusWbCRo/gbtE7DxS16L95EbA7v4LIbZmg=
+=w09/
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cf132cb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = 182efbc072e739fc831f6a4f138b88978bf151e64d63329299f8a6191d0870666b7fc65a63bad3a3ad3dfd68f1d32369f66aad7cb7363c4200b83c016a28ddab
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 6e361726289672f9359dc6763bc73d3ffc49905547f16eb003f793a524d5be60bcfd720b02cc947b8e0c8ac9fd4f7dd99f61c5ebd9ac9540dd032fc5251a0265
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = 1ec434730ce8942a90b0f465a312779279eb5f32eeb965daa7911d311309170eee27d8bb2f33dff7e7784126f7e89418e633445197642d5525c63dbf40bdb787
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = eba50dfeef49fb54d6956ba9d6f79c7b1757283834cc257e18ba46b807c9a14e97c62939781471a9fb8d6f8f55de64f9e39b6075052f98e5fa4033fb1e2f9996
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.qcow2.xz) = eaa66d5eee62123acc203b491e567e1b4bd8312ffca3379edc50d29284f8c4344c40d15bf3047b4221959f743a8c4f595a3930ecb4449d8e6cd93dfc5e07ef65
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.raw.xz) = 75dfe5693d37a0b2ee389a0f6fa79bf72410872c151a75a7e9622955f6056d93fcbd8511ce908721aececb2c6ab5adda1bcdfea39cd29aebc8523b8c63be6c2e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vhd.xz) = 6811386ad8461efc7b8b63a9e5154fca8f4da225c2f2ccbde519d8330543b49dd892da2efb8241164e3644688dcb1135db599dec9a85c391e641dcb65f08084b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA2-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250914-da62a299de31-280122.vmdk.xz) = fa0a98a235df2957e649726d5f040a83c52d8bb07917a5fa761da84c5e25e33d7b869b6f6b20e5c8e46a873bec64a6128db66576f181546cbc14d8d6b762ca61
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjG/XQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9sZw/9Fa5+brR7LP9o1oxzv3yi3J04rCsUroQc6d9L4Ym1QuUJH6usnPI4up/O
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+W+8pXJGXxoeDHIg/L9m+VuH96BUBSwiwcvQWAc06P0j0eS+K5LLCAwcY8ARLtYP1
+/pZaw1tocvXksBlzddHErP2yEcRMxek08a8vGUVjiX9FZDE1USFgO7tkSQKeQn4C
+XONlACECvh0u6snDYNLPZ3y9IAB1c50/hb6biyR5A8ddLWpYVLQRi7k11TydYdgs
+Wp0ZW6roA7BvxtTFzX2gOhTWPDHaWl987x7KIBzRvhII5a32e5Q=
+=q3wR
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..701ad4dc4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso) = 5ee88a04cb198b845e09dd181b75d8b4aa7d5e08c66f5eb1d6f55ebfecb5166bd3b4cf8187617fbe845dba7633cf19fb482de48d8e3a9db86d588521ce0c2ecc
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso.xz) = 9397f64f717162703a401ad419726fa61e1bdc58475220ad62010bcce13e4d8f2af75c6737c8ef054f85ee64d9844c7eca9d0c514c37f06097d4bd85fb885311
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso) = 66b8cc2eecca54f8d0e781888409f6ba917ec435b7ef8755a19cd60e8612759cdf6f9c2f8b5b5f846e22606054117ce2c7d3f9b3fa5cfed65ff239fc2886b18d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso.xz) = b3d87d0ee72cad913b4975109e295525e9534c6bca7e0be66c3e3a479d2359683dfc44efc10d48d4fb6daf681e88ef977d04023b56e5866acf3ec84e2fe845bf
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-dvd1.iso) = fed80f9ffdadc7a85c8d49afc885e481a730d80ead48e1a40f2d27b5be3ab051eab4ab8b78b5deeb351a114c4ff2bee99c3790053e803d30dc89e5c273ead64e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-dvd1.iso.xz) = ec1c2a2888cb7b5c78083582d719c6dfc5719aa1669b97e4292b3018eec706cf4c025b4a4bdc0cfc1b182c6c182f5ecb8ccb656efdb6baf0bc0c125974431e7a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-memstick.img) = 270995090195fbd7aadcabef82f6d243cf5257e572540bacc971fb811c11b7ef6543157c4e163716303b050f3d53113c926a96dc934b6093ddb78efbc68c9e77
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-memstick.img.xz) = 3af55f96341b373b76f70713d4c4deadfa5b747c0f6cbd490c26cfa5ea92aeb99829ed4aab49a9f34ef6eb330862ac3bdaca5d0f1e8624b11e42ae96c5def301
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-mini-memstick.img) = baec255b7f9319e6f807e4467de9ff59a5033713bca448f189c339decafb86b969549f3e97502f7716ea85f4e8dd4fe147e89d294c7afcf63ba5672b425698ce
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-mini-memstick.img.xz) = f71df6a11feb3ca0df66e89f91040cd44152dbab7daa1da594a9797f2ea808e975c396fc0184927886a67bed0357d5becaf36dc31a898dabfdf183f68d025523
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMawACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT/W6w//Z7lGHaZfXPpoIdD/+40568Wwdla7XOc8aa4vm8sCvYwQZ41v3TsD4jMt
+f4nqR3SvN3+Y2qUK2D2qN/DT1SUHnGnutWXLBPuB1wXmutuwPpiqSDjrNKGnUt87
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+Vn2oJ7wdPhxJjU8o3fmvNPPSu02ZM9uK2U8LpCvHcCTE5AaTX1hR2oKFHwjCLhk/
+HJZPexPiYjwuzMLWtZdO/3niBLaMBVKmBhEz+S92FytyIIucqgccjN3RlJn9T4g3
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+bJIdMTQQJtMPziJp8BR14lrj7HlMpAJ+bzQYLlmGSZI3bpXn59YXQDjH+YZGdy6u
+Ks7tnMaQEKeI9K8aT/jMP40bGoZLy5WOzs3ALGfm2GzY3vbe/5OvUt8Ef9al2exO
+rBFqmP5m4ho8WluAyPciUmkhV5W9bmRDxZZLWKsOghftFm09J3wgdSHFntwYHpTt
+nNFcs9gafqRu6AoVOF0frwWXmW1PmJklXF8UcVp+LRhiS/TV2lU=
+=N2A2
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..daf4f36586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 293cf98f03270f2c7795f81e212cbda6bf09651b8f76b2724b5893778cc4b80dbc99bde3c7838632caa03beb9a52e5e7e7179b5ec6ae4dc6e5396ca053ae59b9
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-ufs.raw.xz) = a0c6278b18115d2b51430298487113f7aa7da824c31087183002567c246dd64cb6904b198cb53d2a88dfb635ee6be8028261dcd4337cac3612acee690244d6e4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-zfs.qcow2.xz) = b3eac2e6f0a509a1e81f8556cf6576d229f886d1ece39b886355bc44c7a58620a0121f51b4fbac3bd6c6fa207e0c06efeb0c828fab9911a667a29a78037b7b39
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-zfs.raw.xz) = 8cdd80153248073934a6b23a8aecc23465b6486d702fe0247cc5363db0fd87a1e4af2dbf8434231694bee4741674447666d96902448fe2b184e5fe129dc008c3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.qcow2.xz) = 8cab5d048cf6e8849460b72fb1d4df981c7a83adcbb2f7bae95fd7275a8050296cfbdd3c353728e455c252956de35a02f07ab72d7b3683ef90e5531014a82cd9
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.raw.xz) = 78cceb4457afaa892f1c54436cc00566b9445fda09b2f6096cced06799064fc58b583de52643f0ee487a5ab5251a3172c6020ed777750afd24fd3dc3a971adbf
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vhd.xz) = d878e52ac52ddb13dda23e7097951cdc159d5a84b11decc3b44d14f56f3ce5ca84684b61581e9f534382d7bdc9447fe57ca644a7a1ab5106cababe0fd99b60b6
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vmdk.xz) = c57eb86fadb7dc6a2a84c0ad39f8baec47448e82e8dcece03425ae9507f0fd32e4b8d73d2b8af435a205eff101657fcaf31957f121996a751f13a94afe363b48
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.qcow2.xz) = cc7fb3cda41b415f3716cd3ea7d54db030e362e999f066dbd3ee90315661d94612df049056a77866cc2fa1ca177318af10d7360a57ed06434e807e67913c1d49
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.raw.xz) = 631deab92a5c8c2548279d94588ed95c1a82fc8ba19b449ea45231b52b0f2e2567f776a15d42d2e5fa5f91a7f1df76b7be233f2919422b67bdb11bf16b980851
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vhd.xz) = e37a0ae6167be472636267aefa666b57e2aeebf03a1253b1189a320678bec4b81e8c8eabe9f6d67943a8587d0be0fda9d56fdd74fe08ea266808a8c929a063d4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-amd64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vmdk.xz) = 7fe817968256a5469b4413ad5ea6e95eb1eac7c9723d9358f0cbee3866ade2ffb7388ac429faed67f0fa3e16772f3a7aff71e8ee999f9fd0cb5d4d508a817a76
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMawACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT++ag//UAvaj6R7EwrKDEjq5x7plY+C4r5OyEfyWHxv535Sun2F9RN+YTCwNUpD
+eRtcVJeYQvxM+PHmqg9zfZ22MzhbIO+pz9XRoM9CTxGtDKlqxbCljkYm8kwX/2SA
+81EaSR9YyH5SuaMaZKTFoWZgEBmFktgkFh3PdVWF3qRdejwHuj1PhixNZWg4EYx3
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+6cVvwMh5vH8XgcZkFv3jVRLakbE0Ri54O3ondmaOvLfqgZjhtkBiWEWJc7Apngm6
+rTkFmWre/o3KmjTohFzLZ3ZknOE9lyv+IjA9wpqYjL+QAUH5Rqp/c+jG27XLlRJN
+4nf+qXTx4pjH1mq3iaGKvX3WkCiiPeZ4ZF9J2cJrwEju1WLhKgdWzS6YovRexVuK
+XoLo64PX7k9X5uv2GgOPo+ZculJT9cvLq21vVkd9V+xi1BSGUSQ=
+=29Zy
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..551d34ba5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 7e1be05b1f7defc303809fe8ab28e1923722345fba9faf727c9b3b7f8f54ce8937208ad03e3861d741bd08c8552410facebbf1e787f579a3e9521429ae26817c
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMawACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8tkQ/8DUdJUlebt3I96Y8giO3yrhtMQaFHhdPDSqJliJnL4qA46Kk/aLy+iGWA
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+pCtY6w/Qi0nfTsEObx6hbevMGW7oCthph7EDyEMM9yxswkgWnCA=
+=VSjw
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d6f684684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso) = f4579e9b93d7b49ed7713ee59988cf7543e59868011161bbe4cdc2b9a6187754fe46cc4cf4d904f818dabbd33cd8b6768e7cb488281010c3ade00b6bdc234127
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso.xz) = d846395cd4a0d22448ddd85fa1140e132731d00f4e026fe369bf1c4f86357ebf1573cd1a8f92fde1cc2fc8720284376a03b3d0e19af4c7b96c82d783ae2f8caf
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso) = c11e0de1d5b6ed7eacbbaceaa89d3917651378cd8d5d134daa8a7190e8e8547b6c932999e56ced98cb107385ad1e6c164a576eee24ba3795f72e235663d51cb2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso.xz) = 069f8a9e0a4e1db0be633ccf925e2b2c82a3dfdb9da06e82a8c374a296f8fb4de983183785819f4afaf7c8ac80b1f3981f981a331a68c042bf33b4a11de7055d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-dvd1.iso) = 2cf9b12adfd44585e0d28776e442d42c966c1be9810f57b25ab4061d9ae6c2b37e48733a9b0f9e8ecec8f7b7cd85a780c2ce23220b5f6132b63ab8dc8fff54f3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-dvd1.iso.xz) = c62a40e00a15215aa95d23feecee97fbbde8bd76eeafa237b750d072937741863ddd69280fe8d7df4854425bd34d5a8a9edafd4c23814e53bc37e6f87cd2a272
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-memstick.img) = d5a9a11e1e9087054c57efd92377b9c24f9f9ea49314465ce3f752335326d6afe113f1c60797c358a751ce000235836fdcbdb67ad7db23c0a3a1f00510846efc
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-memstick.img.xz) = c79f9fc6b6d141c9cdbe948431f2e78977d42dbc3371f8df5dae90d4186a5dc21d3ca09d2a109b27be7f66ef305c21e9ef35be748a0b76ecf26b0c86bda61be9
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-mini-memstick.img) = c2b28e7b23358907274b40a4c4d3f21de1aeaa2f36c849a12bec45dd646ff2e2e3c7d3dbbdad0ebd15e3d5d8df13918401ecf790579b2e6801d3c353bcbd2eb4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-mini-memstick.img.xz) = ae20319672b52998ecddad0292a67325634a50406ccdd34dddb9cc82ccba0f1830fca1f6114bf7be2448d8d7fb6f78680f1f72a889e8219954f4ce4b0ea784c5
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMawACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9UDg//R+qRv618AenmuBcxv9w7WqNEKwqrxtsV3b223kyUJ4Wc7RGeUOhpfg0C
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++TYkQb/mCa8ou3CLkn9fw1t+AyzjFDs8d9JAFtM6RtXjFy5Cv7FjxoRWrujSmIRl
+TffbgdW2P8jBwJ3ok6gOX+eBto5S0aAAFemirX0ciUaqTLqsGNQ=
+=7j33
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e18a0fa4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 626f2a30143e7715ac5d2d970ad07b32906fb20f3d099dfea7906c84050d6d6a42389ee82a655382f0716d9824ddd9db3309c6356a3fd4f2de41bf811df67df3
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=U6fh
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94d02bb3e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = bd21a79c3b4dbcc7560b5a2a468248991c31d36eebe84064aaa2687c68b789e98f9d51c6380b508ee4a0e14f9c427031dc875c93b8012561655792b16861cab2
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMawACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=80Qf
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41064edbb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 76859a529b92013bfc45e5c5e6d5f0e57eb8baed94f231cc235541ffabe2602227294c8ff2ffc630e8219c7f063f20935a4b465308087544b99be03a9ea4565e
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+0w+vFocl7RdOR/RYjfFGnTmkzhVA4blvZBBr0bFh11+3AQQj+9A=
+=KQNY
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..caf42b8b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = e974afb98079fa6c14cf692e149986473837ab362b475393c688cea370a53644d3e765d04b57b4d6500dcd358f25603cbb981a030df78db032296d656291076e
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMa0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=x9iK
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e7501dddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = a88db64bd599e2b495c223b78dad3f82788c2e24582e62291cc954accbe98c18cfe67a538afe5d1c84c5c89b135cb5c03ead867e8aa521c54b16183ca0eabd65
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMa0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+6rxAAnCxPpp5nJQSArK1lzLPQ1f9xLpigSevLksTB+aHb7dnzWzm1gLQVUuZy
+6yma/TeGQLrcHv6QI2uzhFeBpTBaj9Acj3sEu8YmjCIvvN7hRvfr4akasywYjL2g
+0laAhzJcm1CJz9WNKHXe7tCIkg/HVovP+GjDBM8xBbWpswo6PNx/pL3/uvC5Gu3V
+YjD/sTvrSXBhozsLSf7sgcaAnvwFZB27zgXiChIHpVGrSZDhO3ZV3jB79WSMxDnN
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+vTLOIScb7rJjYPSBc7/TtSx/GJZcUS7WNbh98WkjTFJ9eDIT+3VLq/zmDWL05NHK
+PhNx6rotMAYlkZNHe19Isa+LX9S1slp2q7/uKiZglkq1cIas8IM=
+=ClNR
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfffc4d612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 7518d95d57d947536b175dd6d30abc46ef9f7f83cae2db81549b8c8a9c458edef36cb1799b10e5adc034908ecd6982e9799b0c61799640558fa4159db3ed202f
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMa0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+mvg/8DlwSi+bwzUCReiKRQMIk8cMUWmJlL7Z9Z79wAGTzWbDoxkbt7JQqC326
+JohmFFHqGJqiPsnljuS+tEryQOkvocaepfNPAvtN+AT2j2iQ8eJ4He7K+anZghE1
+o031EWtfiJUMAipSP7p//W33zFz1SWdKUzCGrf40Ig3APx4bBYBmhpPEAg3515u6
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+62znMZzE3DCUDHKdtBTS+SrGfVtyDBKrOVV5pb9qP1hvFXStkqdMo4TjrJy6vux6
+5Xtd8+YLN2t6zFd2isB1DXbH7e1h+9I6pzerlxlV7j1vF5ma90k=
+=qPFN
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c8b495903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-ufs.qcow2.xz) = c87f6771f9847b55ce4564138129fed237261434baa61e6f3f5ef9c66bd6f0acc75888fb0fd48031c95994266ba54e31ea6ed2442caefe2944e7f970057904a1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-ufs.raw.xz) = af348f3b16347959cb237379af51cc57c211be528cf296f0a2e86a48434b421c4b5adec3618f8dfceb984fdd6d634e3a4807cac3aaaea8633c093da9e424e68d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-zfs.qcow2.xz) = e04b49f3778fbff3b796eb21d4b13dc4e815e654b28abf84df4231fa34bb36cfa42927cdc8c018a66189dce42eadfc15ec69dcb76b61705b3ccf09907c6e761d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-zfs.raw.xz) = fda5e3b5be39ef719b9702f2a402360e409dbaf3ef1061e6ebf5ba14423a742ac252553531306b0fd225f9121708b84affba14ada90af68d2c7db7d3d35eceaa
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.qcow2.xz) = ea9512750fe620fd1523f41b4c9f226344694b4d83cadcc1dea96c3383260b9fffdafde5a9f8cccf4e795d378c7dbb980a78219feabf9eb0e94e62ad957ea8e3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.raw.xz) = 83485fe03510d4891ff5b3110eec10d7f6cda425ffde7c9026707ffc1d7e66d21c46a41f11fbca5e4cc5c2770c7889718a0bd0f0df32d50e4fbc78a8ec6548c9
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vhd.xz) = 5fc67dca7330a356b54b72fc59ad3dc01e6b56ed77d46ef76bd03c952ab37f4da3c97a5ba540dcfbc4e51d57f254ce38b88d7a39f538ef97a3ecbba93df1aec4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vmdk.xz) = bcce1b5ab587e7b81e39df785015e25c834434c8cf038696c5ea6f8ceeaf7c43d4636ecccefb25dad305bfc7810b66a73107dc666e2e05afc10905524102d276
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.qcow2.xz) = 8df294a807026a9d5e35f4230262b721d42b72c637340288ecd95966ad0447bb05f569fcb89457accb9a102ce31edca13a9326532efe7f8cf41713dbc636568f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.raw.xz) = 5af782d3eaacdca420419e62ce83a9a3c320b37d99e7738b1ca00522aab50611b418a055628133211c1de012c39d00073a25cc67902b4025fafc8feb992b7dd9
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vhd.xz) = 7831f90b2849db965ee2fc5e2190a0038dd31e8a955a451f113b0e6fcbbad800063c7ef4d87524c687e4bbad003e3128bba2c4d497221a9a041d4cae590625c1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.vmdk.xz) = f44e8200d5aba358c54d92faa00bb9ddd7e77cef0f9166a33203d99654b0b64a55474e9da468c11d40073d20cf536871acf985f02124813cc902de6426d2fde8
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMa0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9CKRAAgKFckiUVmLklEHYCCTAgFUUBWQE+tLW55FgBBWc/plTVm3wz+nonBDyR
+ARLYB95PoYOENTolID0u/WxgS07dqP2p258z/pA88DIQ7jENA++9/EU+lDoL4y36
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+TmZ+CkRb3CJkUEAmQP34M678NOPmanvitwKjEvTL+xcn1dFHFtRGSCDAS/ZEn3qZ
+Cs3tyrwD1yjxq/Il84qmZS0+KdnrxPpuduBZ30MOS4JWpaXWVfE=
+=6oSf
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1356a72a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso) = 8b95e5933e6cdd5ea7b7efb95d614d9137742e1dd9a559231016872d111a14556aa304fc072be5b0497c18d444e70a6aa9ee15bc2eba1f378ab99bdd278e1d71
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso.xz) = 06114609c36a289d8d3563ada78a801945e11494998ea59edb3f256964f1935d9720ffa8a06aba2104eb76307d99db7ccf2ba25f2353179a8650e0ca6a52704d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso) = 4786959bea20046dcd21833a1e98f8889189b5e5431d25f405ed9060f3ccb75e254137a5da7e0d5b541ece8b647fd74147dfea1b510e74fbc95f0fa80e782353
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso.xz) = 9cb5e001fa10af93fcbe66f9c0c6e8f0c327bf29af1f4297153e04a98a220ab7c0e603ceefcfd628425444752a1fa8549f8144ff49ed1a029aea2ede8b383ec9
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMa0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+aTQ/7BWo9yaaGifW2cnOH3sFaAz3jQT0+HPQGJxr/jUicM3MVBq4qhmmqoFhO
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+D5ODb9dyvecMHv0PtHKZIXaJqMjyZmYGmjjEmEAhaTzKJCGC5kI=
+=s3k0
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a628b2c557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso) = 17c2b9ba22ec21bf2bfc28d52d58a8857817d3ee96580bb609041dbc56cf6350ec5c0c19cd897ef442f70a7d23b025352e51811090cd598a042c878a57ce8836
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-bootonly.iso.xz) = 9353ceb3c1effbfb56b7f9772f65015ceb9bda00f65a01f2b9fe7119d7ee80527834aa03affc5bf0750e319f79d2a2f800a3cbf42023bde0fcf0b0a9fb95dbb6
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso) = 6b235f5c7d08c47800bd2447f4a3ff1aba3799afcd1d7a2a957543ae5db3d6c78854268294dd358dccc6305299def88690bdd1ae475f1459fda85bd1cc8aa726
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250921-26988773d1da-280233-disc1.iso.xz) = 4e1a85149bb9bbc3bb18e5fec8281a08c486a77e985008e00b8790ea390f52e436fcd604d84afabf2a166dff9e83bc9c129e136a61be9fbed9f77ebd099794c2
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjQMa0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+2p4EFUE2cm9eRSrTa7BGlfaTPfbfGxXbLLajaw9A7woilto03mXApdr+VSvDSPm4
+N+jcInX0LIuzEQIlZhK7KO1FQWMBEpJ++HDQ3KzvDIXarefQ/nvdfBdC+DNx6TJ6
+X6shJdQRWh1kNjEMkLpPqBtnnZKAo/0uZHMyIwy9UtmvpqL4Rc6oHYOqKF5ew+Cu
+m/7vGuv7IEsXmv0yT+HxtFrFSIdeQwOQGdJjhmZApGhCC/LwgK4=
+=rkOh
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff54d61bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA3-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250921-26988773d1da-280233.img.xz) = 19bf7cfb21323bdd3d383dfb87c572b0d0f4b214c79eb952aca484a830d984648ea9b0856a984aeb7df12a51a6c2466bff0acbfffd88c8a2e273b612ca1941ca
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=nQ7E
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..467456a3cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = 8af7995ee2722a389a4f49c118e02cf53790313b542db25d7c74cbfef0f7a95090832bca0d864bc24e55bec1b1681532def4929c21010f4af76430119a2c667f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = 3a26e3241cf01b5d3bdcb0f22e4c52f817e81e985c68caa69184839a322f6d4cfe7a6b2b1f96cffe5e4dd6c5a7e617b0f46c44353dd200caca05a79d6f167dc2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = 30348e3308b5ff4917122f2d17df8537c59d412ea90c7a83b9eed35081f677b8b4e3acebd0091f90a3f8cea40747783d3436dd58da6285f82a6678be161dc342
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = 2df1b8939a5b7ab7c01f3d099983fa83dff9a64b097bbed44c21b4a97b93577d1e3a048d058e67bf95d54db096fcd500e8542f85420c97c53a4d3fc8e1cfbe11
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-dvd1.iso) = 0a699b5a9f48005f076cf12ba07f71c31679dcf7a95eea4883dc3fd8d109f356d7d6d7999a041aa0938d92577432346e27b968d8410274b99c57e8c0845a4cee
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-dvd1.iso.xz) = 71b47fa251198dfb156c07e550ecb60f4cd026d1b3d224dcf6ca43c6def5df26c236fc036474fb4dcd160d890fb48208357b690f1bf58c861805992a4a842698
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img) = fa520e78e181132b56eb69d9f4642dffcd5cdf990293312a2d8e85f557b095b7310a28a4be01ad35593c2ce4a98abee3bff2c8c002c4b4b72d02d93a371f2c10
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img.xz) = 779e8ca7b1db75c45408162ed08f280d81862f211e2d7d5798e3a7865c1336c1a0d640bf22505cee62fb1a0be4c8d31fb56d0e8e9b01a53b4d75d6813b500374
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img) = 7a999be9792c5b1db64add17de528415aadc4762f09535b13a2b3e90dd98ac2619d2d18c2a537678f72694cd61c9d64f37f9cd3341daf5671312ac45e4f6b022
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img.xz) = ab813c9cccf0beefec27d028a01915af49dd7f8ee1dc9728992b0c1435b4f118d20f7effa0dac80a9265595828904007c5674236fc0cfb4d33fe323d948ec073
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=mxtO
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33f3df5097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 248dcb9a79a9a680444b377aba18b6849717629bad5c14f4f7f8a92cb564e94a1ab84010b0ce1cfea9ea9617712a088505e1d1d258baeaab2633c800585aa337
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-ufs.raw.xz) = 4da67cc9264bcac177413fd6cc8592aadf68e65810a6f5676d10f45af0b104b74957089b5aa78e9024e06ff3cdd540ff19c92839faaf6dc17df9846edbbb2d15
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-zfs.qcow2.xz) = c15b41cadb9adf48cd52b1cd8fb6e237e1a56b58b344a500422698ae2d0dedb8948baed45c191f1c8dc79010d3e3d9aa49686be80fbb6a24e31a7b95c226e300
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-zfs.raw.xz) = 630cc6d15d3fb9d1ab0531b33bb983a34de9b2bce03f44f4c69853e9a80e864ec434f3dc67f3eaf031124af1f548394619509a46398ac4d406bb24837603a3b5
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = 456ed15ec81e1a09f7ef252646f00047c198e90c7b1ca691c052013e6b6c5252ebaf95ac557f343579130be72ad00e32b263e7568f9c9f928bd61e397d29c280
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 46d712fb7551b2a6f8650156a3f0493e2f9fd5d5c0eecd892ae0b3a4bf94c00849629984e25ef887f192e875cd8aeec6939960cb8e70fcbf11413a1c4b3d5db1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = 447317be652fe1d50cf2bd6364048520b9c681a5a05de6a38056767328336fa3e586bcdfde780ad61e1db202abdc7b9592e89f66ad1d887958366d03ccfa5832
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 0ad83cb89dc8fd8042c95009c62c1384ab3ddbc1d3a9a7807990440cb5fa7a55f6b6abe537bd4dc65887e97ed67a0846b7937babdb2c62f6b02254b84adc0d14
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = 348c3005dca3361410cb7e841920b6762dd380ae657d8dd72d2543cb3dec91f1173d6d30b4c99fe86169d3efafc898f28cf0e720280820a57679b214974192da
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 131dbc0e5116dff30015aac9c8501b9d116f0ab38af48baff86f49c6a2b2976e216d5e34a3853264ed35e3f5b121f7fca0fe5c6d6d0f2cf45bbb8c0307625649
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = a24e7065357f65ce7b3b546dd0bb2797db163401f8a3f86d3bfb4cfcf3255346217c1702c0432bd8109d661c669f98aa877db2c1e774dd232070308fd9f33b5b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-amd64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 6c211c48ff92b53fdfb98011390079adf56703fe12f845445f4daf57cc7b1a7eabec9816f0fb78c1690ad55cea2bd103117586b88416b0341c63fd45e8a153f3
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=9Uy1
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ecbb92d577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 40d069d80009f819b28fc8e42d4f66d5c65fa3aaa12581475fbc4b3e8c7b4152d2ebac56f9497a6f61f65f32a55ad103740ff8b4dec9782ddf6aa8b29ff125be
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=vS+J
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f80867a12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = 42f9ffd58cef0c7776a3728de1147c5e9fa321555382e94034430b2b5cfcb88b0f0b17a9979147736deab83a99680b444221563861711e7db2fe7db7905fff4b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = 31036c43b20e7a28a347bd0039552ad304974b970f6a63d83e8f9db52870c52d986122214139f7abab45f55fb7dd7be85b3f2a212f7f20dfcbe60c1dc3aef07a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = 799d17c620bb61cf443805e9c04af7ba6cc410a54a472533b72410823bfa607eb5c0b64ec6179fe0cc2183cc84449c339b8a15070be810084522ea1b86eb18a4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = a1900b9a7a15b637b5628eb5bb64a0bcfe5c73675d0d0906bea58dbea0251000d2417e996f484b67ed34babb8a477836f3f6712848c9d16d77d188cb9b44017f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-dvd1.iso) = 12071eb75854a4f9e266907aed669f56ef46312849bb4bd46d6dbbc12361de352d066eaf9e03484cc56f578bed76c4d5f6d2499d142c6eae1d667cf2ad4a90ce
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-dvd1.iso.xz) = e6c7cc54e8792392a809c5449cf72bb64686c9c5b869b24721e39c11db318aca5e23360dea750e686329d464c3293ac0c761aeef90a3c05b17146f78f03a1d2a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img) = ac347203c57782fc89b1e79a1be285f8df025c6be1729df4149026614585cac71148db58b828417b88949d14c3336781e1bdcf4534b15d0427b428ced05cbf03
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img.xz) = 617793c22d28affcb33ed43c70dbc7045df954a76eafbf7175b5a3d9211babce32f3ff2f1127d81a50b4ce85e7cc9319700aeca7c17ecb6d27c4541fde6d98a1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img) = 9c906196f2ae37ec9954705290d6e8a7544a0105a68bee61be1278f6dd3118dff7a3c05d4c146ce1182605c40a5be4186047a7f321239451ca0b58e69e40fa2d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img.xz) = d39c30ffe224e014aa49e1f603f5e6e353cea66c96c24c49cfc88fa304a55c4ec60bc5ff52ff6a352030eeb7a8898481b1fcc69ddeff9280de0a5100810ed4e2
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=XPxV
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bfd9289e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 4ea974e14771e4166ef01f011028a7d1b586c0af1f7a30fe5fd4f4144b356a69897ba58e8791fdd0ea0f735e712fd153e370f9b0a944f35a6f5ff72359bc31de
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhYACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+T2UBIxf48D+ee6Okj7C9a/1exDA6xE7hMtfN9t59ze4o4ThPwag=
+=tid2
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29e9cb34f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 3ebc3b07f10b339a9f414dc3660014cb7e124caeb38f85008ed690f0be2da42d60296c144742d3705933c397f9f8058cbae57334ecac2f45a5ca046af7b713c2
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=0267
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01728ec8f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 11c6d0327e4482ec9fd204e1ee4106197d40678a7e535d56da221c66bc9103331d00aa20fac5bd6dfd5977377295362467d655ce19b542edc9432f0d8cf5d6a1
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=RLtw
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d6d89c6b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = ab0b2633b577f94e824712e4430b46ea15f32338a496f389ac8b48a796a705b0a97c9927765b8715f142b78eee292c540b4bd487bb9445937c7dd28930c41872
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=n1CW
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3909f178a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = d7819fdc680c96b836492d83a7b43350e8598931d9c12ac8187500afc2f6395de07efe15e9bf6ea519584bfed0443f61371c31f0665dcadda97f2f5bdd382cb3
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhYACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+q3h4wiRcGbr8AQkfJBj5JfIKKunKGmLw2TOZgP8EuWjLMbZz+TA=
+=kAlo
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09cd953532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 1e5f42c4260da6365447abf826390a861d98e351dea5039ce8526bf70596cdbd4a4a8e62462a2624223bcf090b279972f2e7cf20d68ff07ca5f221a2a28831f2
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9kbg/+K0TS/7So9vQIk5ckCxQ5rRtxGN5PDljpzad2KJvM7vs6XEZEU0PMo/6p
+EAHdQjRH1V/qpHH0xqjLpMjCBuKnKoQnCelL6QhAyJRHIoj19aOYJWuzCHSTT9J8
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+y8fS9vviP6cZqM6MxRZ4p/n8Q/IWCvA20vA4mDGhxsXqQOWBvTg=
+=m/IH
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3586d4f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 8fc4fcee23275a9bcb3ce83053a5b4a395ffaa54f992f6353b92c86fa1d97dcaaed3ec8cedd1eb79d0369f274c8cadcd573b10ead05e10b7689c91f36a96113e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-ufs.raw.xz) = 9c56e4cd7d5e38e920d72a943de946f960821d464ed9b519986c78cbbe6ca217fbfc5f35fed1014f8f1f5446363b16a3fdd383e3595e9c90cd4126f0086cf591
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-zfs.qcow2.xz) = ea62ca97bc4d538820d84a6729b7d9866502fd7e65abe394c16b1be152bd285a98b18607f44e7c4e539cea2d109b807fb76ead9212eaa4812762fe78171cf394
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-zfs.raw.xz) = be3684327908438aa7cdc94538c9a58f46a18eae8a9942865ddedbd71ab65feb7d6ca8e4cfef478974abb2c0662fa1098d3f38fa8f4ffdcc663005cd524a1170
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = 4e19a7241486340b8906e2b401f304bf0fcad33c753848871b75b5d2ef3261cb61bbf66f685c89c164dd25a2845e2d2707da57926afc8ecff5f179084bfdd686
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 0fc837532028ccc57983b2e11072322990cb1c79a4a5d0e3f9494a18ebfed730667af7dea1b3ee6b06f7771e934a4ecfff4c7e14a5be79150d3070443c7eb905
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = fb2163dd408fd15def09a114d399bfa95a677a4553411259e464faaf4885b39fa20172f5581b245cc5055d494cfa760ef01380a8e21a770cd2e02b3c951a9738
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 7ab21b4b92ba6ac2bf0d98db8a9508ecb407291ecc5d3380427a436f9626b98b5d1bb13008e98e5d044cc3293df7ac971ffde95a3eba871fbb3ad0e0d0562df4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = c3e0299064292d7b0da1d025dbd1c3a5f06ff9113f625da2ba844a2bb9731eb1474f759402d8a46220d128137f1540abac61793385110594acf37eb2c4c8b114
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = 380856a5a92060ea51ca76bda48440503dff0c7a20b56429aaefe064cc080d0e7e33657839a3ff89e4d0449d8eb16419452fdb4d3056a068a1121239397376dc
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = 88fb9a1519ab3ccfe2e0c2113dc85a9bbd9889f357d1601fb8e39cf81bdeff7f5640b6edaf034d76af1ca646e683c336a7671ce28801188c1119321663bd64cd
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 4c9a0e8e7c31ba39f96cf101dc203e9a43d55e04b42f761d0e4f9036194d27e8f8270c731623eb34a16a0c2ba0fc1f3536f43f16930f00f81dcaefe58b94a5a4
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8tNg//VneW+3xL/McSedNwjAdB6yHcEm74WDF1uf8D91464+uxIiZsvpw7vYF+
+vNMzyI7gboS+12fuWkw+VTVMdvJ7xt0hjAd0ADesw5vMLlQ08PAa3vqlB6ga0xyN
+CWRWQ60hLfiG8okp/vWLzk9Kie6WHl7WDh3NuQNsNm3hB8Niop96t15Sr2II2WUJ
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+nD4qNpRRj05jcXG5pU5bWFi2YJbH296VWb0CHzSSyrilh78f8tLmuhhEHhS/s2lJ
+VUbrpQWxE1C2YpftX44W/T+TwwN3U73CO7DP1WMYzTvgjGgaNmVkP1ub78vk8p9u
+67ZTqMzSsfyw4Z2cbfhQNrN9zDT7TbZikhPDNubxg79g/WQhuoLpSUysnXLgXEbO
+NkuV1rsziZNIpi1+xmhc80aieR6kOpZwksxr9sYZr7pWg03dUFA=
+=J0PD
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7c8779373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = 0ca91b811ed90f69a8393674579f08e01d63ca8b7b781590a1dc5f45e59f936f7e5611e0c802d7046a2099b0565774811606963254e52ec8e2dd67c3c381ff32
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = 683ac9800f8f259022bcb233f41a86929b6238184f1a267c02a779756d33fb46230e16fcc6d6315474743cbf67bc3149f5297960a6a5e249db3768b8646d7eae
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = 8b71909180371dcad3e7c970f4311da486162def878bbf953cebb1a97062e504f03d85cd2e4c17c03efbaf2c2a8930a92c0499c5cd5a2f7c75037ff80c0a4802
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = 9c5d316a21ef745ff31a926054678334171df954db097870351b3ae7527c5fe2d9095ce4c7867f5a7099b1cacdd555126e38f1232e7811484324ae1b362a313b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT/uSBAAkUGPMOhuDOYx9XBcgnagkoYEr6nQ3OSK7+i9RZ9jAYCSVAcOObpqetQM
+vFuK7I2lAbKzWT7N8YvBGLC6U6XvJfCi6aphbcCwWDpkPWVQFTNgNgjLgtBsWv7P
+nAmlQIGX4u0K2oicaMsGLoHwe7i8tywgvwORc81HpRZjjAYMd3457ZgzKMUglZ4m
+8LY5ljCRG6Td64kbLizXNOeu5dHYH2yfSAGZefDDY+w31kC7z8Gev3g29T86+s1l
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+NbalV968SWmnKxRse98vbAoQp3BdeAVQlybDIanoGctLXHun3myDilQGyRtyWEXG
+br182zl9KBE3nvHy4Jpyy/3P7Iw2ezXZqEYJxd9epsazYnK5uccxUUaaF5J2GwAE
+YAaJAkJddRujb/YbV3KFNuTLOf1CwfWo4mAFvB1adfH3mL2a5pc=
+=9Yhn
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..591ed53fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = 41ec4c2c41d3a1b4b913be43f42ab40267a9069656c1901d0f74844b93294943eb500e50afb1b032f1ad366d6cdcc02f94acf259cd35379d7558f6a7c7dfb56c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = 2404e1a2edc29569433d4237b4bf1f6cd4dc72258345c6324b50fad01921544e06113530e692cf5b6a0f0bbf3b9c7fe74e93c3aedf130ab93c91c1acc00f7e49
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = 90747f137312deca4244edf928f9fe854b2842943caf3f0a310bdb36cfe10805252156f9c02d30900fa6d24626f75abf543493bc6592e89e6315e676ac0f7b20
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-powerpc-powerpc64le-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = d6ee5853c2bece1f416d7e03e364de1305cf711d2b243438845da9bea25a08f97a4ac1d5ecb632cc2037553fc11b0100ab6333e268d82b8b06fcb976a173a2bc
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhcACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9NvxAAiDzBk9IGQtcd+oJOgwZA9D+U24evEajtxAqrqSVGJvSWfs8Anjfbcgox
+ifu2RgGlSTVEdszS7XMdmhukpLe6YoYLrdY/2XUbqExX3C9L3OANFQ47ngBl803B
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+rldREXBXN1r6oFknv/LwFsEDF3d2BpyE2ktaLYaGa2rHpLTOwroLZcJr3UcWTmAJ
+NZ7u0mvA8PwPJozLPMVmvAUe0/GxeOVeorRXnr+jrLPrQ9OLNLs=
+=LlMq
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d680c8693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso) = 1e972f2f25c35801cf05afadfa74509d3eb66f4683ef59d19f89d8dc5b45b68a2650f7edd70c89e7560d46834845b1fb9955e91dc8270324d446169550d59495
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-bootonly.iso.xz) = 9b6d8e9b54a2bf2a5eca71a81eb6b228e7afc944d9b5b3984e1e73d81ecab4bb0da25a64ef8bfcd8240e1855f598b4c3f9884efd104c0a234b05bca6222479cc
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso) = f5cc9fe22426eb38741a67f826cff6c527a79923f67d42039737fe60da64b2ea8bdba541b4c16f196884360310ee74be744597ab2fa0080628a59d7657b940b4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-disc1.iso.xz) = 5c562bb071063828dde80df3795c92c0ebd98879dab4c1d209707ead594864eceb1346a90ea57d575b302270204c570c35efe7162e133c152afcf2b669ca69ac
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img) = 191d3c0962ac0ecbe1341803874149ed83d391d9c4bbd87c0c386fb14252ef114ff96a0e13d82d6e05d38a854ccdfa2acfb147f18e3e013ef4029edf3eaf8ad4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-memstick.img.xz) = 923d0f57bc64487888520e85fedab3eb0bc439df4b181c58eb177fdb54ef4050f82d27e76e05000e6089af7a95f9caa8cae956d20115049593abd959f8886d54
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img) = 375edbb32a26a51422e8e618846b86553209f7da29b164f02c768311aab8d1309f4a9c2a462ad9066a645f3f0d423ae268535b940a4ca5163721f23e2085c577
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 9e69af7f54aa96a50e68baefe257ac7271d3475d576e16db8a8bdaac31220c36e3c689b5d2cdad432fd4cfb44ba7b6a736c17de7e2bb7b4908a156b59a435ea4
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhcACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8n7Q/+NlGzS+ZWGZycfRB/Z7bag74HXB7aMC9DrS10S9XxbwD4nNzPOoIApXj3
+BfAeOmrO0P+0o8oYzyYwBGbGPh8SS2V4V3wVakSnazmB3p3aSEj1JtRApPrdpjy3
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+F1jfLg64eyb41fSb5x+61LT+Puk3LLB3+LhMo21OC7fr8JKhuKKFeqzsa+M3ZLN/
+lBsEH4+tRuN6A+F3xEi5MwSzK9+/hWt5kA+F4LWbLSWsd09gHv/GTdAZenjsbsCm
+JslVw8aUk4Fi1XvNcPlqM4bYewT5Z33S9YambJqZzBvADdKZXuog4UBIZTjK7SFD
+EklCbP7JL2Fqx8b0/62Bk30oRZtn5AItqE1v3wCMye4qpaVHzTc=
+=gOP9
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d46c6a0959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.img.xz) = 6c1d2732999ac36ef6e4f56be9b1ea88e7c7be136e169dc2110cdcd42e64887a9bbb5a058e01d9e6cb25e63304c9688d92cbb83a2fbbf9edbeedf9c0d09b84bb
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhcACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9Hog/+IrdL3F+8TLVlZWoRoZ4pWCkuhLDs1Y74vZG/YHhpYXACM+53u1NitH/F
+Cyg5I4yN1aW9fCJgC8wdfeuoP9uPpzi/8hwCOHYjDx1pOYgCO9AaOLiwIFGc+9MH
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+/WUZr/yEv4hen68dLcTxi7DKj/QLKTjlEW/NJ6F1DmYceNqWwxg49gKRP3/cqhcy
+m1Bsu9mySh78m9LHOkXn5+mX4cVErLChgsA3/82riejHkcgC3Biuz9HCI0jYQqv0
+UWRNKEK9YapG/ojxf05iaIIgZDCIInnF1NPQEhjf5eKo/dFxnfwm7KXeKoe+lMQs
+CCIebOPzrRFqtXyos0GB1DGgG3VRXsN//0HwOSr3H4qhPO5InaFXl0OEdWJu63f/
+mcy/i84GLH4kGBEHkN/QeStSZE507nZImI1beuaJn3ckwgahSJU=
+=ZzCd
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f20b0acf05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = f886f023727b341a62202c9891e76084103891f5f74621c9d64633b214137388ce48f09b0abe90d4ed44a6f50cf82bdc15702bfc95bb22d4a7f296c2bcfbc132
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = f7041fd13a23bdabf6f85c4aaa4c43dfaf81562b05de8b320545fbf3491ce0220fe3cf727606beec385b0dc52a9c827ac2c10a576f640b3237e08c6b07b1aedd
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = 99605c1f8d5784af20ae819a3d61c544531188ea86c00f0451cc5cccfdf54a7b0ff077f4e282e2a1c2281fdaafd600cd5bed636dfe58e800e0eaf148651eacde
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 7b8575f4b29f211695d255c89d19a92827eae2b352e758b3e2c09e8241b9923eb51b90540ea50f79feca47ff63a1c52c4546018342263c2196c8b79ff3009d8a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.qcow2.xz) = d6481e5ec9b2afc4f230b9fd0fe27b660ee06a6604dec6b2819bd38fb4d7419a3a41265b8af5c731b08d65b0e2d705cf1279891eef030ef3ff8d146094fe7132
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.raw.xz) = fc5e158fc51509f4cb783652f70381713c188d0405e43f364737dfd1416dac2f4f0804a1f8b7a3fc7cab465c23415eef2e3ad30772931366cf8f96ff42e6ebf0
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vhd.xz) = fa836f4f7971cedcfb9bf56aaf45e741737ba71d214acd9e6bc811bdc1219eb1bee66d29a2adc76d5170ddbc6e492997202c7a92d7c1447b195189ef0a116c67
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA4-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20250927-d2b670b27f37-280334.vmdk.xz) = 054caf39986c97414b097e47f1b772715624d9f7e092798529d8424edc268d432631c8b4695176b9c39df653320a7993f85a9812f0af7446ea6ef58815af907a
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjYIhcACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT++Wg/9FOQImQlDJ2GPLMN/ULfaMgGfQTNYrT0MNriExm0Uo8z0nAkt4ZcRa6AL
+LZpnJhgxrkloySqbK8+0sJ0vUVYyfnSJXF27cRLe8rnRtMHT+iiypKEymeHkFvkw
+dBdL0ZkgLaJnxmQ4YnVVmZCtubSsNtbVK20F6pkuHElGOTrA/ku+Mtqmh1HPmtXY
+QY6rux1ypi6LDKWTCAaAhVJ7FEQuQMk3581kFONHNX8Iyxr8mZ8VmjO+6XtrgepZ
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+DkmyH4y9UEhgZpLq9u25pNHzC7f2y+BD4oCspz/8Rgjx9oMM1RzzAiUAtqnJquHo
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+jSuoUsJbIZAMxB9cmIvVqRPkmoDneWvHHJCL3EgnogZI0lBkovVGwmS86dFVyoYl
+9Z99TXvE2vZAaZ1AV4ZxzSSItc2D7L208/ZzTMHUb2cVrGpPni4WzTxPmbcDnnsK
+yYzLOqTLAGZbgrBGopjX/37ECjltByI9eJ2e/bLJCCFfGd3SWA4TnKpig6dPfvuS
+TLpbYVaBx/LSaVoUsOwgglcN/vf853MdGhGrefLs/PBq/pPtq8w=
+=G2Kc
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34387368b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = cfcf92863857716b112141451e89b80e03eaa363c9ef951fb61b50a27611983b31f8a9bf2d093c82ea670e84e0cffeb920fb452d8a32f2e42eda0772f8388fa2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = b31683903b3936d3f227bd2c9df2cf5099c30a0f72bec49b38a11e014f36a11457f9a8716c56585275f4aa046417759cc7c03d3f85b09767bd978986f4958ced
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = b4d2ba1974eea322cc60f4ae0a7ff1f827a47fcdc93732dd28b5d52857a2508286a76ba417af5fc33eb7c68d620c2a15978452a055997c8f07ed6018e23cabda
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = 2a09195ed80d594bdf0b993019b2fc2c41087cf63a8839a6d27f04ff0981ce6505cda1efebd34b561eb9a39d714caa44196ac72b1b97a7c2d21cc6a849641ec2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-dvd1.iso) = c4808d21a29be1952f45d31b1adfdce6d59791ea3fb671d07ca22efe8a3e37f1ee92b82fa3ccea86feb5b1a55a1207a76d6c4e032765ab9a5b17f3bb911d32eb
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-dvd1.iso.xz) = 4ba347e222a19d6bf71f03a161fecfd8f3702d76a43bc28616055233bce888b3dadee901c6b5f1a3db64b2212ba72494658e5bc3a0ec24594aa007638fa840fc
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img) = 7513b20c9cf581cc6d775dd56d9b4859290ef6298372e84eeea908005c062bcf430598835503116e3a856cb19f65161e682605d7f3512357cf30b0d492ec31d0
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img.xz) = 32684fab7356243de58abd12f28503d236598ab7a3d37d4f809f79c63ac1810ab79520c77edd7847796de9d6b34eda45055beffa0ea1378720a08955f53d2bdb
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img) = f03274b4e9c93aeb7996c2ea62f22c4a258ceffb919cb21a6bb7eb08e20fa2642bccf9c64fccd0735560742ee378fd2005be66ef495edf1f2cf926d3e4e9827d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 5b3f7da902a159fb84294d01f0f4b1baed905f90e09819bdd58d2bec84937dd404320ed7f2617fd498d127bcd930d5c22ac812313f85b632a1b17fbb1487fb03
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8jUQ//RaMU0oBS6yKF/dLfDya9ao7eJIYRd37AUf+YA+bJ/Ns4/vbRju3r2fdT
+/qEULD8m4jugC2vIc6T3kzVWJ438p8Q27pNmg7O88OZceFu/YFAx0B5+uzn3tMm8
+F2adIjNNKqczqRag/ty9Qn4N3nYDpH4HwJ/uRP51JiCnSFv8fNrcWpbJEh/9UJ3Z
+13e18eEMbW8SUx5PxbAwxi738flzF2mHh5JrmEjhoyNbNTTKMMfb2+h9AsfMQWiW
+N5fVn636Sp1t6E+7HZ42E74L2exay5B1d68cHZ5j5bCNWMaEzIbcH76bUVjSWXKQ
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+AU/d5AV+m8J3eQsmYu1WDkE72+cbBOjeOfocjfWuX+qoQQb8W+2Mx1MTlRZE85CI
+GRO7PVVpzrwZOhP7V81BOTPhd+49/pnuwtJ0/SkCL7SH+YcPDEZi7fAwtxaaSx3c
+8AaLsnfL4XPWMx0nRTvC55uwbO6BZxfcc7iH0jYrVfQZkXPBQFnlc/EXLfbxYe0B
+v7c4y0ZE6DHEH4CUcVBUsGFctSqGLXruh1uVrrFrzo3QaanOH5RcoqcasH2dzZ5I
+fuZoPDA4rm+VOrY76wH7iB9IfPO98q6EL7vmnKTMNuurLynU3DY=
+=G3vT
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eba9b6750e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 52c08e0d4c8bffe79daf48062207fce296ffed0433cdc1300004bae5a133341331bd2773430215ab36db746b39ff9837afc2822158008ca23e3bc03e11397ee7
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-ufs.raw.xz) = 81e7ab5a399c06084bbbbab8aeb1baf788a097edb7eb9661ec8e71bb9cf74e869a690c34a919c2e9791d2b2902ca7f95b8ed73b9292feddf3cd1cdb86895a024
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-zfs.qcow2.xz) = ad75c23a4d365500af86861d2a1908430e53223e68bc9560109d9563de130e82859b628c0c21b5f1a11ce6f254ad94ea6ee0dada5c9ac726b20474efbeeb64da
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-zfs.raw.xz) = 66e05d933c9b095601d74e9523e4152db53bfc534559b34cad327f9926ea53b1945efa7e40ad61de60e81e7f5c25c2b2e6a311d95ca30161f2a58fd2124d8212
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = ed564742a95798a36e124d16a47ee34c51414b2234febc21f90f02ee92f5ed9d09bdeeb04825fadf13fc58709b5588086614d9ae5cf678f6b326a633ba9fa429
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = 7c006fb7c724fc87790df79bfd03c882664f34f732321ca34af14d604aefc267616aceefbdb8ed50b4c4b5c93fb513c3ad8ffce0490e94500914152667bfba8a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = 0dfcf2fc5541cf353ee26a071f8364df585e82e5ed5e718a780b4f82c369aa496cebd76b75d8c519e4213eed17ce6498e3b34ad2c0d86b96612557e30e23778f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = b762d754ebe22e75eb30a640744bf2fbc4068c656c95d2baef4d13399b3b6e03ce53669fed84faf8e7b46ca26b96afc5f486f55cf350a29a877a189d8c656d63
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = 85b54df7f210045fc1dd97c44c91ec66a94bb7cd3b5539f2bb06b20f2f1e587afc4aecd2a91f84daa6859ec3b8d785d38ed70a6befbed2e96da65f2da050fd87
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = 690f61b6a2348582964663506d9bfb59a38ae5d281c206a02268d839dffa46cec9a13caee1ab128c046fb96558d9a1c921befef339473cd98731cafe15ffed23
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = bd8d000f05953969cee10a70d803484572550713b54d7adbbeb88a0e0a297008fb5ab8ebffe72c830ad03dd235ac6bb896cdac1e1c43cf71538746379afe5a71
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-amd64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = 7f7169dce105bc1eeee0a57eb13499ec367d5a44663d21f6b3bd9da45e3ed78d4d060bfafff296029aec1a09ef34c0f18b45c3ce01ae37fa326512f1e55a070b
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPQACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+WIg/9ERK7OGgTUkHq0rRtsrBxNbfQ0C6biEJ+5fjVs+5PGTnYp1zLStN4N1Ro
+1cyZYXDiG+ecbHAEw9Sno6YLXq9tXVwa+be3r//axZCNs0h9CwK7yNgi993NI8zA
++IfnlROuUoAmOEBXFqp5YvhiRhqHn/69QJgP2Tk4JYSYFk+JVDpOzYmrEpFQtWGd
+mch871M4HwqF12zo7diYTxmjh4uBQuJ9DbvkNlgZTrwCdbfJ1F3CmBiVF9Up76fu
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+VNOCGyW4SddW5dqR2EG1p3/LrhNf00I4LGjGsG3qj8CNOkxWfkhqh/I4oTyEzBok
+CMpS21JS++yDZI4tpKfHdegpMkLgSd2wotIqnDGzLgM+93ZUWytunS7NQrWA41AH
++0a12piox7KCkaLRjNyVemWAfNHK75s7QiEXygAy09Xfx945LiDC6pDFnvxYnLFO
+oImwlQNbuOxzmpNffErBQckTcd5o8xdZD1TXgWU570JfrjPmicRU7uwdylPUPpah
+rfDlSVEGDfn53pMWlz2lIcDYxF+KoRuunnQz2IodTU+6SbaYNDjwC2vvVRnzBEhG
+06rR5SF/XJJZ2WT08RfwTnJjJMHqnOQk69Pni1SZaNJ3FwKJzBA=
+=2qKo
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36b8172a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm-armv7-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = c280d57ad9c5dbf364a511616eb20fce02f2a4f9ccb224c33d8d63dfc55035ae0fe53d48752c6114e45ddbea5639994ce9528537bfdd571c82f58f1fbbfc61ef
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=CWMV
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74134c490e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = da27eab0921a975e896cec2e24b5d83e0ba9cc3775cf446f9a21fc550308f0057e716daffa5b5d619c8ab27c4b668cd4a06a7c0400d7341cda3ef21a107d2f42
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = 0cf00b6f3277901dc9a0edfc7fafa8e1c7965254960b4ff516313a497e6e43875364c1249ff541f894621d20b4d5e4bcbfc3c3d842cf610989a7f568afe56643
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = 35b540b8bb9c02a83e82968a48650e56602b2afc8a471338b6c79cdb6ce77b392224e47153bf7539008b45596796c8e92b2e93d88f64a4f4f3efeea04878f051
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = 389f08d8656f9557c76cab6ac23cfc9215b36a3a2d06fc65a037fba2768f046d31174e08aa36696ecc1fb494b0ea8d7f67a935001af25c971c09c3d04687d1bf
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-dvd1.iso) = 932115bde7d9d1fd3c937719a9398f36e440144300d13428763899ed9c64b9951879503d4204f1528c310e954c95fd0329a9d8b2a9d5521ecfd078067c28581e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-dvd1.iso.xz) = e4149311ce531315463c04c4550da287414476f291ddd4c2c7d016b8d1faf91630e4d18a0d5f7232367d3860870280bb4c96f3d021b643a43112cbe819508f47
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img) = 20e6cf2a733952ccfa9fc85fb7ea98a67ff876d6a1a514241f4a70a414f88458e8fdd376dc06c9962d43c18aeb72976faf418333bcf0065bd2dcd504e2f01599
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img.xz) = 8f46b219c1a8229457e69b2e2cb3cdaa2a3ac70d544bf6dda4d5c1b7817019b2cae9b027173ce87f0dc3181308656722340f76b56354721e49fe3b8c66759eed
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img) = ed96cd7dbb18375710c2ba76b8e19449c4f02a6b734e248c0b47733218ea7b35c44751f526a1832ef928f3056b0dc2d097448ccf94d384692f602e538b687a27
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 9d79331785941a68d32e17032d020de7f4790f56ba62811cbb95c772e7ecdcf22130c49501d7e264efac71e4982c0ead7a457f381660febbb4305bd75741f19d
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=k2lB
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68ace202d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = d6ec7eb5b3d0b192b08ac631adaeb55ad6cdd4fedf62dd8074c9615207b32d7528e27da415b04d1bd778997f5fd3d0b977264f81996c7df323c4ae70c994f1b7
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=Ge4Q
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ccf32a519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = 56383e54065155e8fbc8383cd6e1fd3f2f4032a4bc2e10605ed1f30440411fd9fe18a52613d5cd3b8d7d7ba7eab9f4aeb5db6c7eec313bc81c8fa01a7a37ee7d
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPUACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=Ngsi
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eed983ae81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = 19108fbfd60c220a7132a914c3cf50f079fc79e1a2d2cbb0aed4be761928a064be489fb359cf51654d2eac7c1993841799da484ce9a6ad091d058f53ede3a607
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=9c6j
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68a4f416cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = b45c79cdfbf916df05941187d802dcdac8d68f38df2897d07e8a73d4a68e0de6a9e96dfe55a1cdc8fbfff44cdb9ec5afebc62ec8c3970037dff6289c5ae8025e
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=BRHb
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d418c99a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = 1475566da38cfe67743edb379048d5b4fa5105dd3a2d09f718aa82a9561f55d9b400406366e70fb162895fb0c5f738d76274e0715ad5a90b5d3c1d059db1d7cf
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPUACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=d1Ea
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee932def8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-RPI-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = 5a6a78b9b97c1304a861213aa108175596d686b50f3fb797d8d5e6779fd726ac7c14aea7d8ec0512f5439c2b7b3ab8f8dd55d0013d99be106b69025f147fb790
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPUACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8vWg/9HyQ9RH+2qVcp4NrZ5l8bIt4NAk+YcCU7tdzo4HcG9rV9OF83Pir89dk+
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+1ct5Z6okLu1PfGjgaqabYvkQVIPgbV+5XPg92ubDFju4lhyGSs4=
+=10mj
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a66f0b3e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 9d99e35c6385e2637b86149771cf1f36009de28277db5ce16f66a8d03b35745f3f5c2dfaf64e56d48cb840fca3fc40a8f64a7790f3e35aac585048ff87cfd961
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-ufs.raw.xz) = e4eaf641a14e562fee6c7ea45b8150a1b2a373bb3cec6fbae9d5c5918ac053f71fa527a3fbbe27244590334ba249f205c00245ddcf0876f76ab5ff6a21d8b695
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 8ed2f6c14f6e234cb91bc07da17c2a3b47db8028c8566686dff51c0930b5818b9233932b5ada3dc6fa8ab2edbd75ecf232f3230f849547696382e017f43ce4b1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-zfs.raw.xz) = 0b8485fe84a27e3d31c13911dcecce90f989aad08096808d8d02e19fa76c6b1eeafb9856c29980769e44a2e1a1cf6a9975da81d6e76040a415ec805fe0a36b17
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = 1c1561063a8a188a679adbb457878d824d4df6671e48b7002ed6a664c11fb24ff3b7eff543c77214f2d4fb6e47f9cf38b99c3859fd14fe23c184129ba935fbc1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = 2377669ce6370d294553b0a6979ab3c51a540d8178d05a20779fb2629faa3d5eebd6a4b90621ce502b498a57456222a715ede390965cea9f4ab7d6674baefeaa
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = d3f0599c483923dd0caadbc1124ba2005d3e4f8163d2c4e8ac07d63bd9b0f5f9e9fd895c944cf0f6246dabc374e9b0c58f33bba51cf6d7b90acffb1944ae27a0
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = 68b3615e257826b9756ce1e8d113a7b3055c5633909bf3c56095e5427622c13bd325cd54dd0307591772c659614baea2babe2a62c93429e14bfd9fc5eadea54c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = 8e5a3267857d41368e620fcb7ff560ae21ea5447632414acc4692691a3ae72ac78163073d75fb22e2bb1f678aff8798be1ed1524ed65a6be609ca5cbf9ca67e7
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = 0c8970e5e76eb91e8044cdb48d602ff58f305ccd800b3ea8b682ff63846889f15d737d70d13fb212f4fa0db0710dc197e0e3a912d6bb4e7e565f0bf5724e999d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = 1b8be3c8bd1e8cd97c426674468275a46259798772acd208f10c1bd47348ee29675bf3458b4115823e30ec2f1a96b7d94130c4731222252e0f392cedeb82e170
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-arm64-aarch64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = 73d5c6f3cda651ea2e694ac7fe982bc1a81fdd34e15405379f435fc5e8ba9f141cfb336c8697362f49738a951b3f9caf68994d04261e1f7da0b620ae68845bbe
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPUACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT++jQ/9Egz7YxL60+9iibJzb1WTrqD3IesN9v+4Oe9VPp+oiCFFpw+zJATf7B2/
+imAKsSr1YSLeMAwl1R0Ir239oca4PJ16n+xqbdcWJYX59CRLaLMsI/gQfgApXmu9
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+C+gcJ/4PPjUaDN7USOunfMF+TreMk3c9psOSFtdZ5D+IUK3TPoU=
+=GzOC
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b636d916c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = 7cc19626e8ca8e907f4d4b56b75965a74f5269d74d158013f7984a03f0523bd29330556982b0bd6919d79a0175a01a09b672cb6a8b75ac5b0861a8d3ebb1fe1c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = aae010d96a37a14b6486d61a55bbbac95b3a16bac4e8049d1827d57cca13fda5accc1726b26e969e6c23e295fc2cebf8f2a47d3aa84552fba32a97c0fc742b74
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = 5e8bd51c27ab213db4ea2ad7ce2c8de2ccc6f5f08d65d5b566dc65b1fa9d165b6225907a3cf5dcb25990347f2f8d69e5a01bb3d1e4eef8b316d6d3ccd44c219d
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = 6cd18018c566c62731d818a94d53861593388d9eeead34dcf437d923d66313becb2d226f75b546ee7949b7bd321239df6286b0f90d70d38002ecec5c2cb5f0a3
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9fYg//VgsWzOhfHJoTTyn40KIy1MvKcCy6ZywSCE0D9LlRiOTGvQsk/4GsAayC
+anYqH+8u2NfhJxBQiUG+oJNN/j7WXRInvPEz0CvnfBQoWRzEjgPMEDe+78dpxGJZ
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+APF9l5iwexPELLcqjgLhMB4jmrU/yWvmHOWiVlqO09+gBuH/6no=
+=jkhV
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..663f882951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = 518af18749fb557088c90cb739822132ff8ed048ec943689b20066fadd50e11de0e0e8b46451c1a13507b829b14e4aef57eae85dda5c82bade27bdda9f34fb3b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = e3d09ad09d49c8e904369becbdbe3fe7db221538903ff2faa8c392665190b87a928aa28f018e53334cd4846887577e5cb1f1fd19c7a99c12d8bd573d6f384253
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = dc983ca55de7a731db8b705be62cd05670a53b17fc1eb25886d12e92cb55774028d0e56f9a92a7fc68247302bd98901f247e2e607ecc7dfb69bef2f475d832f3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-powerpc-powerpc64le-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = de846908159bbd08bd939399f163da37f4dcc72511060b9ea3965f01845ff219213f7c68aa891a9b770349a8bd8ff31d0f282b2576d2d94409e6751f18e7915c
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+n3A//XHpYGpTjb0rbnaLwaqUXTf8k3LBgsgEjAd0/asqPuQ0QPlKIYixsT+Cw
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+=nQgq
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..782d8d7864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso) = 2d4240d5d172b5965eafe89220bbd2f3f1c41b861e7766c254ae3a325d58abaa83bf105dab33666e0042869e6711b3c8b5c8a3457ec39e65d7dc334d2404662e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-bootonly.iso.xz) = edac94c4e31488877e2dc7d7f308dc9f3c605ebab75df56034ef9d61c158e30e21a05b599ca468b53addbda56f0b0bac627b4a083bbf43c69b62c099f65c1e60
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso) = bb4abd46a341046371ffeb6e34d9a4029f87e6a2baee298e4db39831992693c92ba42ce6597db755afff497755ea2cd79da31807fec73337f961d257a2bd7775
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-disc1.iso.xz) = 4a98afe44121838d566b518042e7889400b8cac65ed2eb60f0a93602da328022c5135446b6cb8ac8c2b26ad6fd99b52c8b1e72f9be151b281c57f486005ed9b4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img) = 4ad6876e3b33781de951c94d81bc85d2cd68aa1708eb5f5a4bdda0bcac6935576f900637dc9435c011ac6a59d659e5eb068512b4ebaeeb7debaeae30057f1fc6
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-memstick.img.xz) = 6c802367b1ad9d9c931148854f7960c350deb2e491ca2d1c9c24d75efb3fcd64abbc65247d5461268be12fd9683c44189ed5e35a728c34e7edd0dd5e863d295a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img) = bbf93b3ced8d211286d7ee85a5e6b4f6a51111c575440c769f2529a1af3c3e24d4e1c9ebf41d2fb958e37d0c5503c1674f69f0130a4ff092a360bb11c0f26314
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 9dbec20fd136f5dc1c71927e6a5557b9879bb80f79ddbc7c31fb45ef7fd0972da10e38938c7dbb682485594ab0329a8793ece229702c687795192ba4e5f8951d
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT9baw/+Iswn1bONAh1NRgB5XazEjhpOKhrNvLzKs9gHxms4JI4u6OEBFEcCiVXx
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+aGkpbI9ja0+h2gwjuD9X/VzeYpJUdYln4N2ctiPCph6v2xBjAAY=
+=K7Il
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db7c587358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.img.xz) = 3de637b47340efabd00295d490311d8c9206a51c51128fdd0bee808ebc16f736b9e6d103c8dd96bb2b9ae304ed2b1251b1026eacb7e10675af139934342e47c2
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8hZg//friHwm/OZn+tBPv99dPna6UZ8m3RyWoe4ytLYozEd0B2x/e7/Q+f1Pu2
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+iUtg2lmENEjALWD+x4jrEWtga4EoAf23akmlossebiyDkxbnOMb4mYwD3yJXxmI4
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+BldUA5E2Niw9jFpUywGf3tGdMZcFRJHmv1NCBjeuRWWs3JGWgMI=
+=AO8K
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5e08b52c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = 827940c48f2623950e7b210aa990f9eba586acb309bcb3ce01082f5a2a2a7f33273b1efb8f7b066b70d078438761bd71c735b7a18be2f86890f158fb389b06f3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = a9bed4eb3949ada6414b82f506789892e51b6bc7641ee18168de514358e08af6b5ffafce479fa89e4f98ce5ca3872777c1cd138b70afcf45619caf25ed340a5b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = cbf927abdc1c12810201e158e82ba5182f0aa70e86298d0f697040860d897e4948d3153af7a923579de42e9857daadc1d3612585d4b3b3d6b266fa9ea8309ac3
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-ufs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = ed293c9b74b14211a6d45e166a6b2c076d70bee67783d01d860e5294933c26f4b63e7941d6b9789785fffadea930d2077e103faf9b5fc58432a3a6ce47433add
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.qcow2.xz) = 8390b4f6d355baa1d97148318adbc929323fadbd4d47f5be723cba31583d2885d8762001635bf171174610ffcbc27a3ef91915c0f8640da8421312b40355e972
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.raw.xz) = 31fb37cf13ae815d864ea866007565acf48fd058fc69b536badf71b730d92e9ba9b99caa494cebadc3b12f67231aa9b8a38d7eb1d3db9ca8da0815a3c6cb51a9
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vhd.xz) = b41fc775e66ede03659bc1cb0cc20512a4281c02a97431afddf40940d2c3c189da1f6ef23af1c637f79d3061cbfc5bc8bb94217b86646acd6e7aa27d2b9f6d41
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-ALPHA5-riscv-riscv64-zfs-20251004-1c0898edf28f-280541.vmdk.xz) = c4b482b9435ec5ba4c8d7056b5ea3172239c0aae2747b744ec2faf8253113b031db28717c1c8ce63117677355914dfe96780e15e903f09abf508eb42856a310a
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjhpPYACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT/xxQ/8D17K5gTUhwXwIBJ2TtcLIrwPIz6yTj7lh8p2T3cRdONpreqP/vYwyb4W
+O3tEiupePXXvGIkRLZ6NbN7UCEisxMTohzRVXGaRSU9BQDrmfVMY2AerzgTXJ1sy
+kKp6Vd1202bjdUUKY8M37DtB4joaK48FajrqYQEOANxggRLW/hkyl6Th+HETlE/I
+bYiY+g+su7NXZOf8c+Ift5SJfTAoNsLXpup86VoMgSEUBVpOzVAIFQq1CnNR9hLK
+8N7ao9iD42WBR53tsqsnaMRkSBqmPP4njo3bdGWx7M/o+RY3FHb+xKjhyWNtsYXb
+tKrHgWpXGjNM5H82dhplPGz/rAdhWs/2ynMWITjMHSzOE7qdTUFU3OIAEzRqaKYP
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+TBdv02evLBWiKJY1wpZ/JrShAsS4hknZ/rr4ICdU+N7J6OULBgCbqY5KJHzUvNW+
+tCRZW+xPNFGN9BuoDMRS7DYeZM99YEoCIdzKIf98HtvJdlgO0xgF4vpwRQ0nChkA
+06zLE6V92bM9aDMt9iUqkwJYKDq6uMOnskTvxaZXxKrcjsLWVvFBDMn5uXNX6g1K
+seWZRiHBqniKGXgcz65CjYpPzsk4EyY0OsNctYOdEEPc85tKogc=
+=EoYL
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fc16eba89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 567325284df01df4a648a1433df61566117112f14b8883ce95132bc435c1e7250ca8d5b4a39809ba0016de8d8f105d083f9aebd83f37b37cfdd3993d0953912e
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-ufs.raw.xz) = f415cab5b8882300a60c5b5418c0acb451f50b9b1c21e96c52a231d90f369fbc90b72dab8e97ba2d502d306325842ab336a1bd572eafd445c6f280b99f8946b4
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 635a8dbe02119232dfcb4f5200aa98534a5cbb70cb24aa983ddff1e80d024f04163041caa6905839683bd5d5215dd42e14c7f12c432a44f5160970c887e3339f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.raw.xz) = e27ca9182bce43d46995552d127d8985371614b0d99711d425c5f91b4a1b44a7b992487150f7873feb3e1de0cdd46b5965d646919f338919ae3f1e58f68b4ca5
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 19bcea9883692adf10a4889a42c30de28e0ea5667bfd0d1d8e3776a2a4682fd9f35644230f9928a1297ddf7ffb7794ccb5652775cec673ca8e58b79f7476c97f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-ufs.raw.xz) = 310d17433439f802f09aa339f3bd457b5548a838e37a0b5b039bb7da6f518d85b5557de28414e2d632a89bba34c26f82b584f6a594b79a084e197d42cfb4670f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-ufs.vhd.xz) = 42448e399e1654d3601c73f7b3902404070507c0ad9b983dd1284da117743131ae14c87624b913cb96b5c070fabcdc72f4ec87615a7571e09f6488d98027fc98
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-ufs.vmdk.xz) = 47be74e4e13a110dc34533ed7a61f85d55c14a7188899b4bbc6b1341a0fe56cd9c8c6fe87402bceb38d43450d14d1d7320afc24438ac15d2c43e17d9ab1a624c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-zfs.qcow2.xz) = 7cdc9c9250316ba77af79b2aa103c4cd0560e3ed371186f78566f5ceb16c302f4e2a4d7cc60d21d39f7d96e43f9220aa0a58a42a0af41cefb98ff83f88a8ebbe
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-zfs.raw.xz) = ab20ac1a26266eff65f1b01c01392462b28140fa15622caff2afa8713fd02b52423e447a4e1b00f0a366d97e557221e92e44628876176edbd5ac964b67cfb648
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-zfs.vhd.xz) = 0a4cf1446d0d9c239339432cf0a9544b82092fd2aa46029616fc7a6fe357bd72a95fd09d3ed45fd62a2962a44433c4b2da1b7852abe3bd1e6a416890c4c1a2ca
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-zfs.vmdk.xz) = c1590c29710e89798bdcdca018b7af668cecc52a95156599cfdb6fa4f96f9f137f4736b75955f12541c87936d59c4533ecafec870d382b474cfbdc2884a897a7
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq4ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8iHQ/8CeCFiemM5rsBLvHCeh00IT+fbjWP4u0JgoXQa3wICfJPi2pONSPChPEY
+8Uv77SuvpbfOP/ztTJ1Q5FUuu0m5dTxityP84YsTTeZXyhrHfSo8jGztkAlYg7CW
+NpYXJS8qlpUC+IrLm9dJhDPPbnmp6vrqrBTwpdEfVUw2WH8aM9BqfUWwbo7EtJnJ
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+PLRdU93a4x6LNiscEICG/Tu5vJYFyXqud6UC+hUAa9rCGHiErue6nHw/X/4H0jvX
+Lo/VcKUwkDXnORuX5clf2wcYuv+24MFsnA3mcLszL1T1AQtb3l9VgikSccMZHw6M
+R/Xap2qzGk6Fi8cxhEh+tucFn0KLrdqpEixwoRqeOLl8vyIHi9c=
+=pVX0
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0012e528fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-bootonly.iso) = 50659ef105c836015be9a09c5bafbcf81e6d13c4fd0484fbf8bba7b56a78d1339c1e612e41555c4e122337000903e66eb47f2b75e3fc012286ba192edfeca806
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-bootonly.iso.xz) = 0dde9daccf336a6e5f3dfe465175d288e03767a6fe7711fa1d03c340c83583d2aa3ba8d644c70e779dc712bd013eda4074ed337cb4d34acc5aac6316823e004f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-disc1.iso) = df9142b24c50535e27ecd463e1ccd120ab5a8ccd54f7cecb067f24b7cea4ab222eee45c91e735c1b8f1a0484c239734d5ce377671ff50924dd76e9fc83245c82
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-disc1.iso.xz) = a3a3e3086b72b410a37aeda283c13aad972e7bbd8be3e39d5880f1e3199ab867534c8a28eef04aa0695823c0e68885af329d56cbe14ff019097d4bde80ba8741
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-dvd1.iso) = eef10dcc8a7b3e6a373c446547e9714f41110cbd0a998b15230ad9b3e494255a1b2cfb6088129292b002e0ebdc35cc1ac347f958beec95da23a6487f6c4e69f5
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-dvd1.iso.xz) = 53d35007addf5ab5bcc19f9f153d0b83af515b6a81073f280853f93b6f5ed3ed3faaee6b282d5329052640f006676da8d96c3f1dde209918c8caeacb6e866a11
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-memstick.img) = c360b1c53e889efc8baf245e93b92ed5e404b82f62279551093fd317d8c087b1f4cf809889e9a9e9c55283c5920e2be23cad189caedbda0419fc4a5232763290
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-memstick.img.xz) = 23fced3862d56d159d63a1530f35dfcc615bbd85395742687856774cdc69c3028b4fccf14eb0d890090c56aeea783df8474ad6e162d86a43bbcaf8503ab9c60a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-mini-memstick.img) = c963a6dca31f8fe431df27067e7482cbf61e686b32beadcf0f3d5fa327afcd809a8a717b3ce89b3b8a17dd1c0047a04f99089af66ecab90d5e0e201addd19dc1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-amd64-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 494f7ee862ab35486f62538c35b78452903cd2db9af075acd0dd852008737d35c612493c278bf141cd66323db81b6c90edf6591a88c5753ef3f648743c6854dc
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq0ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8A3A//RSHwDnkQM5eMDWyYnX3S9m0VDUTHatstFsUYNI0eU0r5VYz6teEKT5hG
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+TxNN4/wcP1qBq6+uA7gm3e7WfpAd21C91CJdDCpEUUXN2Abo0MKlvvtsrZFnAoQt
+JojR8T743nq/NAsIcA85tDgGmtJR7c5Owe6Q0QkzA28dl/Wruqfo2VGce4JNTnKf
+KtkB3aTLDGIljPKxzWhPK5XgXQtJnSsFFz9haNVPoL5g9h28o8Q=
+=VYe5
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d303c3a62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.img.xz) = 2026446718d64b60013bc6cdbabe1b51384804ce26f08eb5536e36abc5950a503e657ea7bd55bb629b53c884612a6a07e26d5ff538c2b64cb930a33cca152a83
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq4ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT8GMg/6AwA37ZtBoRRKMnbGUlEzZ9EXBZ2fKe3ZbWExFbP9zwFyKc5QMWkXTf/j
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+7oT100V5yE+vumJ/xTKs+Giiih26JwAAtoqYpmsBalShUjAMLdo=
+=8hL0
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82a0b09df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.img.xz) = 53d90fe7966597dd3faafdfafae71236fe16d7cd5734f81f5c10855d10ff037ec5426f89ef7e1739a3dcf06779434d91625c3feb20e15672464efad9d8906a6f
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq4ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT91Vg//QQy4kndMT/t0CLS3IPp2fmsWNayWFgqxH53k4juWTSu74ZYUzCXxfCiL
+oomiSvItibb/gyO07oNRtCe6k/+40C8EsYCi54eKTUai/UfnDrnosCjHoXg5+70W
+mJIsUS3wYTnioPGLWJKea6LKMDB9jbqsKL00m9pc2XAFezWjx1OfmnAhvZczaOYH
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+W09gEXk5N1rFSH2aRvf0TLkZzoyN0RxhKbzpdOw+QFs/82Ca0Do=
+=YrHa
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d387645b4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.img.xz) = 853267c3e3853a98645d994e9773f42ce7cb78c4e01214d23a429d20038e5492c2164cea5e4656546ed51d0fb38b5293734b381275e28cafcf6724a7e3a05476
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq4ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT82pw/9F47JzQiP0H811dwsM1pl5ckwGc5BIXl1clCf0H/izaXREXsB7ju9lPpL
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+SRcr5zCo8zyQnDJEAit1a5xtacZvzF0WP6zwtLEhgT5JL3XfMQrI3z6H30yidE5u
+RPFEOaFBMVDOJZ5zLqViu0Iy1mlJc8aaRJq4o8Qz0ZT8+/cnTx9mGElevq7fUQ0i
+zlJoZdzM3LQj+ydhdywIOX3/aKoyqFxv2/CBHr6CVxxd1wiViWGUqvpAB9gE/7Tu
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+6KS/djUoFHz4wwQDczd8AiNvL3rWdYy5oDtMsstWLTI8W2AjO/SuXfVKUxOFyY48
+L9NT+B+Aqjs/JMmBPrR4c6iudL5wLKftwN56kAF/gggZ2F0eP0aiQkeOBBbs92rX
+PF8SjaSLd1VOC5WM1NhqUbSz7gmCrPHzrVGf00CnaWvkePaloFLY718Ph/RlN+ik
+Y+Y5bwD2x1e4bX61rLN5w+hGl38m8X2fguFaq4RLWzqLI24AFx8=
+=Dvod
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5bce3eb40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.img.xz) = 3a67e673100e5418f870f317f7dc6c40866b4d720ff3ba6b4e03bf2ec8004b313f17b04afe3b470e98039207b3635c1ae3e7f1421cfed7db09f14a9d87b36da7
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=EoLT
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..806b0582c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.img.xz) = bdf04174790a1d22b29be8248086c2c34ae39f089f78b938d9f3d07f3e6c971a1697a9b0904d65e5c61310e56fa019642cb88a99eca86df6d6493e39fe22d26f
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=M8xq
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb3425f7ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.img.xz) = 1420872ec57b024839b409327555a9cc33715f5c80250c41f2f922cd026a15f2d4a2e5fe452ce693c3f02af3f11dfd96db2d99910942c5f1fca4e33113bcc1c4
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq4ACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=lRrr
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..896300eafc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-arm64-aarch64-RPI.img.xz) = 49d285add1a118bc5a2b151ceb60557d9c101304d2845f9b2c4acb1a56976e39226561f71eba5e86182b9c61bca2ca8b94afe9870dbbccb518deca4026ec27ad
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq4ACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+=JgD9
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68e34457ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64-bootonly.iso) = c895211965f91691e6135ea3120e9091cc00a70ef338e2925bb6dd9e2564105302252da68f534d89440eb1090136f5509329c0147d0593768679bcdbfcff47ba
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64-bootonly.iso.xz) = 1ce278e1b1afc6f88a0aa92510fa201f45950eba28be3772ff21c55367be85170b9cae9daeeabf26e8b19d06eb1ffa33a63016ef491c626c6f318092c0aaa09c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64-disc1.iso) = b3678f2c0378bcaa18ee4f2aad87a55fd724d804eef7565cc0210cbe345cb97737c1c623f62efaaf71515e07f358a7d4ce004a8338acb6cccd3a473604bc08ce
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64-disc1.iso.xz) = c47bed4c8edfb5ec05da0dd5d9f9b3c21fdd405cb95c24fc05122ef367429afda04a1f859bb9c7b03ccb48f86e89b4c7c44e7ffc8bd7a6e860ebd96669f0e352
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=aqhM
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b59a121a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-bootonly.iso) = 00d3344c194c989db17d8ab9495d75cda5bdfc6a691587a67837e2479558937c1a925e480973cf0b1a512850bd2a7daa4b9e04110f40943111a2725211eaab24
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-bootonly.iso.xz) = b56861eb7129e6f7d5c8ca3799ae0afe6fce2458440962f42ea69031db0672ff9265d4da112d7d71f35326ef5e63e0669f9787f24e7ca7dad305fec24601cdec
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-disc1.iso) = 399f5e93585b02a2ba071eb28ced27e474d836579fcfaf4922b03071e2810734deebacd3271c06ee21a7b9f17e301acd670268fcdca596cbe6017639128d2a9f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-powerpc-powerpc64le-disc1.iso.xz) = c8f3959547ca90c49f9912ee2f3d47e8cce604b81e07b2828f34c9dd66a3e3518b8e59c0289b527a2eb62342b63f05cbb29103171e512ac956219dba5a2f33ad
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq8ACgkQOJfy4i5l
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+x/pWuqMuJZsLobdNxb3LYmEnJPaiyhMASes0ZNzWwnc3ytYVr7PXwDiRS4hIJin/
+1gTYdxD3a0JgNFPneWhu8RroE0LTWVL50VElcb883p+rG1HuSEA=
+=1ocp
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfbe32ace3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.img.xz) = 6be2c43b46c0187b5feabbd84170d73ea7824d2e0c54492c599390eb93dc3906a91e48665e36bb1970b318d4bdf88e52986021917f0cf9d73dcb144fd204fdc4
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIyBAEBCgAdFiEEglY7hNBiDtwN+4ZBOJfy4i5lrT8FAmjqoq8ACgkQOJfy4i5l
+rT+5Lg/4/f2cV4bSnToFSIc0vmY8TIffFOPzvtDwyJc3unOgpwiywtF12FiRUU37
+8nSXdpSgMbTIIi7qCcE3cakT5/GWTGlc0Qe/RMZqwwEiT76v9k0qm42CiIX1+S2x
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+7/uCMusEtya7b7zgcIdghYevwWWNjP4CIxOugIoxM8skSH6IpQ/0XSTaurmGHe2b
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+6Dq+qb9sa3cuUjhn7hGxrhe7CEfD41M2l4m2B3l91oKD71Mbh92toynqCMf+av4O
+3klVv3HHKFRLr0AadiHo44j6+Hhg4ilCzfL6b4WqNnsJMU3ob/CTOmupJfUcGDcC
+Myv33zSUN43syuPAYKdF0QszdlIWbp11g/jqxACPPwfxww8q/VSG0dGoGV+qvjMc
+vIJpqTub2zyNjtmDV+7lpy8DoQW3eu27i4p5qYsljo9NQbjrPQ==
+=6JkN
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..956d29737c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs.qcow2.xz) = 624ef8b56a5eaf5dde9d5d5945e26fd725a134f15641bbc8d7c5c1ba5077b7ed483fe2e53c1f11be77b0d4f63099a63749e9aa45ac2211e1601251d1d94399de
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs.raw.xz) = e3718de807aed522c0f13e58dc8adb30f5d521d6e258856670ec612385e2b6e10afde7d9851e9f3273d533e253d1940f41931dcd7f723bd417d8b399808df1b1
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs.vhd.xz) = 1eb728b9d2143bb648c4c55cefe22be1ef547fe388dd81145c5c6b79dffef87940eb2f6a28b98638ececb3af64cd8fbb3a61129b9b96d3f1c0e518bef1d6e800
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-ufs.vmdk.xz) = 442072c92d5cde3b79bb08d2ab89a96288e350e94bf05ce9141a3d496a61e4835302493c0899b0756865a299029353e0d9ddf4e115ea98607ad77f728e3c24a5
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs.qcow2.xz) = e12fba48713578688802654dd177a3356c1e9bd57d964051d549c181c7e09a4eaaee79b09c7a10393e89665745173c6806eff97e7e79cce31715bf0d8fd2533c
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs.raw.xz) = 83702bb366c72cf8eae09043577351d6da9da95ee3ae8358b76bce31ec6292b6525526a3ff3aecb2ee9c9c576abf1cc2b6678fcf6c1c8e9ce942ed7ff4f7ee86
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs.vhd.xz) = 29a226e2412fc68b159b2325de0ffb16994a002bb20f3f4704cbd448277a2bfb6beb0ba557f77d152e0d43d7d4503581ca026a1f6ebb0aaa6b3bbb682906c6e2
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-zfs.vmdk.xz) = 3800c04362f8216fb92fcd68df6c09a2f9ac8127134bc4a7ff498a897fcb8e0f9b7448ec62d5ee8ab6f4f967697c9411944e1981406847141a70eeb6c85af903
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=tVBa
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64.asc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e5c059eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-bootonly.iso) = d91f9ff2a76db1daf93ebb8e250d320f991aa8f8f4d0149aee9086b3d8699d15f2d2709f8418a9442440e3fee5101ae00cb772331040bdfde7b743ebcd7f447b
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-bootonly.iso.xz) = cfa7113a9f243b84bbd55b7529a270a7e70aa9efd205df1414e42845ece6b8cfbd824c26dc6b85064c8b16fe1df34ac324abf43e49ae822eb66d88b5fd22fa5f
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-disc1.iso) = 0e281c81f83201bc54b1ffaec8dee6d8b893cec280c746bb7f9bc8710dd25bf828f227cbf6701a299e5c49390bb156d723ad78458d0dc2a6b4c3867a97a8dea7
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-disc1.iso.xz) = b6d8ec99475337b96c0cbdab37a61c7e34c88de7157f43511c8e6eb642d7351c05c06a748176db0b6b4ab3697916acecf7dde699cde6dd6d67afde253c2d785a
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-memstick.img) = 84b446481b11404cef926c896604691e3f30d14a5152717f83683e565e0706a2cc24c443403e83bd0f38f1ff7b4920aca02a912ba793c8a20acd6569994bb472
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-memstick.img.xz) = 9c45a1a5c072a975727f6b23913b283875d0e6f99c9b8eebd796f2add4d9b2b6977e8d08233fd0563224d84b24e7e71b7e4760ee03a8b60fe50377a87a194845
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-mini-memstick.img) = 51ef9426252ffc2ad231ea8de480ec55587dd93dcd714af6076b0fa0128edc491a03b7af4a7be87cfee7c60f6680da56461daffa16de43dea8dd0531e9d3f064
+SHA512 (FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1-riscv-riscv64-mini-memstick.img.xz) = 8267bc5ef26947ec7dfea77406589ca0d176094caa355fab3369064a0907d7db6afd0acb5bc0428ef1aef09e67a3002fd86b68a529a59606cc02314f656a6f82
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=vCim
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/hardware.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/hardware.adoc
index 318767e2f0..2d48956ae7 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/hardware.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/hardware.adoc
@@ -19,41 +19,36 @@ toc::[]
 [[intro]]
 == Introduction
 
-This document contains the hardware compatibility notes for FreeBSD {localRel}.
-It lists the hardware platforms supported by FreeBSD, as well as the various types of hardware devices (storage controllers, network interfaces, and so on), along with known working instances of these devices.
+This hardware compatibility note describes all hardware known to work with FreeBSD {localRel}.
+Other configurations may also work, but simply have not been tested yet.
+Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list are encouraged!
 
 [[proc]]
-== Supported Processors and System Boards
+== Supported Platforms
 
-This section provides some architecture-specific information about the specific processors and systems that are supported by each architecture.
+This section describes the CPU architectures currently supported by the FreeBSD Platform projects, their support tiers, and the systems that are supported by each Platform.
 
 [[proc-amd64]]
-=== 64-bit x86 (amd64) Architecture Support
+=== x86-64
 
-FreeBSD supports the AMD64 ("Hammer") and Intel(R) EM64T architectures.
-AMD64 (also known as x86-64) is a fully-supported Tier 1 architecture.
-AMD64 supports all modern x86 processors.
+crossref:platforms[amd64,FreeBSD/amd64] supports x86-64 as a fully-supported, crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-1] architecture.
+Release media is expected to work on all x86-64 machines with at least 256 MiB of RAM.
 This release incorporates optimizations and enhancements to leverage the full capabilities of FreeBSD/amd64-based systems, delivering improved performance across a wide range of workloads.
 
-[[proc-i386]]
-=== 32-bit x86 (i386) Architecture Support
-
-While FreeBSD continues to evolve and optimize for modern architectures, we are committed to maintaining support for the venerable i386 (x86) architecture in this release.
-Although i386 hardware is becoming less common, FreeBSD remains a reliable and versatile choice for those who still rely on it, whether for legacy systems or specific use cases.
-
 [[proc-arm-64]]
-=== 64-bit ARM (aarch64) Architecture Support
+=== AArch64
 
-FreeBSD supports 64-bit ARM (known as arm64 or AArch64) as a Tier-1 architecture.
+crossref:platforms[arm64,FreeBSD/aarch64] supports 64-bit ARM (ARMv9 and ARMv8) as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-1] architecture.
 
-FreeBSD currently supports the following devices:
+The following devices are currently supported:
 
 Ampere Computing:
 
+* Altra Max
 * Altra
 * eMAG
 
-Allwinner (64-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner]:
 
 * Allwinner A64 SoC
 * A64-Olinuxino
@@ -75,6 +70,10 @@ AWS / Annapurna Labs:
 * Graviton 2
 * Graviton 3
 
+Cavium:
+
+* ThunderX
+
 NXP Semiconductors:
 
 * LS1028A SoC
@@ -85,15 +84,18 @@ NXP Semiconductors:
 * SolidRun HoneyComb LX2
 * Traverse Technologies Ten64
 
-Raspberry Pi, more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi]:
 
+* Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W
 * Raspberry Pi 3
 * Raspberry Pi 4
 
-RockChip (64-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/RockChip[RockChip Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/RockChip[RockChip]:
 
 * RK3328 SoC
 * RK3399 SoC
+* RK3566 SoC
+* RK3568 SoC
 * NanoPC-T4
 * NanoPi R2S
 * NanoPi R2S-Plus
@@ -103,14 +105,18 @@ RockChip (64-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.
 * Rock64
 * RockPro64
 
-Zedboard Zynq 7000 SoC
+Zedboard:
+
+* Zynq 7000 SoC
 
 [[proc-arm-32]]
-=== 32-bit ARM (armv6, armv7) Architecture Support
+=== AArch32
 
-FreeBSD currently supports the following devices:
+crossref:platforms[armv7,FreeBSD/armv7] supports 32-bit ARM (ARM-v7 and up) as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
 
-Allwinner (32-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner Wiki page]:
+The following devices are currently supported:
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Allwinner[Allwinner]:
 
 * Allwinner A10 SoC
 * Allwinner A13/R8 SoC
@@ -136,46 +142,68 @@ Allwinner (32-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd
 * Orange Pi Zero
 * NanoPI NEO
 
-NXP i.MX6 (32-bit), more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/imx6[NXP i.MX6 Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/imx6[NXP i.MX6]:
 
 * Wandboard
 * CuBox i
 * HummingBoard
 
-Raspberry Pi, more info about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi Wiki page]:
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi[Raspberry Pi]:
+
+* Raspberry Pi 2 (pre v1.2)
+
+[[proc-powerpc]]
+=== POWER
+
+FreeBSD supports 64-bit POWER as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
+
+crossref:platforms[powerpc,FreeBSD/powerpc64le] supports 64-bit, bi-endian POWER9 and POWER8, including:
+
+IBM:
+
+* Power System LC922 (POWER9)
+* Power System IC922 (POWER8)
+
+QEMU
+
+* PowerNV
+
+Raptor CS:
+
+* Talos II (POWER9)
+* Blackbird (POWER9)
+
+crossref:platforms[powerpc,FreeBSD/powerpc64] supports 64-bit, big-endian POWER7 through POWER4, including:
+
+A-EON:
+
+* AmigaONE X5000 (NXP QorIQ P5)
 
-* Raspberry Pi 1
-* Raspberry Pi 2
-* Raspberry Pi Zero
-* RPi Zero W
+Apple:
+
+* Power Mac G5 (PowerPC 970)
+* Xserve G5 (PowerPC 970)
+
+IBM:
+
+* pSeries VM
 
 [[proc-risc-v]]
-=== RISC-V Architecture Support
+=== RISC-V
 
-RISC-V support in FreeBSD represents a significant milestone in the evolution of this open-source operating system.
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv[FreeBSD/riscv64] supports 64-bit RISC-V as a crossref:committers-guide[archs,Tier-2] architecture.
+
+RISC-V support represents a significant milestone in the evolution of this open-source operating system.
 FreeBSD was the first operating system to have bootable in-tree support for RISC-V, underscoring its commitment to embracing emerging hardware architectures.
 
 FreeBSD currently supports the following platforms:
 
 * HiFive Unleashed (SiFive FU540)
 * HiFive Unmatched (SiFive FU740)
+* StarFive VisionFive 2 (StarFive JH7110)
 * Spike
 * QEMU
 
-More information about the support at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv[RISC-V Wiki page].
-
-[[proc-powerpc]]
-=== PowerPC Architecture Support
-
-Many PowerPC platforms are supported, including but not limited to:
-
-* Apple PowerMac G4 and later.
-* IBM POWER4 and later using pseries VM platform.
-* IBM POWER8 and later bare metal powernv
-** Most development done using Raptor TALOS-II
-* Embedded NXP QorIQ and PowerQUICC III (MPC85XX, Pxxx)
-** Tested on AmigaOne X5000 and AmigaOne A1222
-
 // The "Supported Devices" section of the release notes.
 // Generally processor-independent, with conditional text
 // inclusion handling any architecture-dependent text.
@@ -205,13 +233,9 @@ Many PowerPC platforms are supported, including but not limited to:
 [[support]]
 == Supported Devices
 
-This section describes the devices currently known to be supported by FreeBSD.
-Other configurations may also work, but simply have not been tested yet.
-Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list are encouraged.
-
-Where possible, the drivers applicable to each device or class of devices is listed.
+This section describes the devices currently known to be supported by each device driver in FreeBSD.
 If the driver in question has a manual page in the FreeBSD base distribution (most should), it is referenced here.
-Information on specific models of supported devices, controllers, etc. can be found in the manual pages.
+Information on usage, configuration, and specific models of supported devices, controllers, etc. can be found in the manual pages.
 
 [NOTE]
 ====
@@ -222,12 +246,11 @@ This means that some devices, which are supported by multiple drivers, may appea
 [[disk]]
 === Disk Controllers
 
-[amd64, i386] IDE/ATA controllers (man:ata[4] driver)
-
 
-Controllers supported by the
+The
 **aac**
-driver include:
+driver supports the following Parallel SCSI, SATA, and 3G SAS
+RAID controllers from the Adaptec AAC family:
 
 *	Adaptec AAC-364
 *	Adaptec RAID 2045
@@ -333,16 +356,9 @@ driver include:
 
 
 
-
-
-
 The
 **ahc**
-driver supports the following
-`SCSI`
-host adapter chips and
-`SCSI`
-controller cards:
+driver supports the following VL/ISA/PCI parallel SCSI controllers and cards:
 
 *	Adaptec
 	`AIC7770`
@@ -485,7 +501,7 @@ device.
 
 The
 **ahd**
-driver supports the following:
+driver supports the following PCI/PCI-X parallel SCSI controllers:
 
 *	Adaptec
 	`AIC7901`
@@ -508,8 +524,6 @@ driver supports the following:
 
 
 
-
-
 The
 **arcmsr**
 driver supports the following cards:
@@ -559,7 +573,9 @@ driver supports the following cards:
 
 
 
-The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are:
+The
+**ata**
+driver supports the IDE interface on the following ATA/SATA controllers:
 
 Acard:
 
@@ -663,7 +679,6 @@ not known what the chipset can do and how to program it.
 
 
 
-
 Controllers supported by the
 **ciss**
 driver include:
@@ -707,7 +722,6 @@ driver include:
 *	HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)
 
 
-
 [NOTE]
 ====
 [amd64, i386] Booting from these controllers is supported.
@@ -715,7 +729,6 @@ EISA adapters are not supported.
 ====
 
 
-
 The
 **hpt27xx**
 driver supports the following SAS
@@ -822,7 +835,6 @@ driver:
 
 
 
-
 Controllers supported by the
 **ips**
 driver include:
@@ -849,49 +861,21 @@ controllers.
 
 
 
-Cards supported by the
+The
 **isp**
-driver include:
-
-Qlogic 2422
-
-> Optical 4Gb Fibre Channel PCI-X cards.
-
-Qlogic 246x (aka 2432)
-
-> Optical 4Gb Fibre Channel PCIe cards.
-
-Qlogic 256x (aka 2532)
-
-> Optical 8Gb Fibre Channel PCIe cards.
-
-Qlogic 267x/836x (aka 2031/8031)
-
-> Optical 16Gb FC/FCoE PCIe cards.
-
-Qlogic 2690/2692/2694 (aka 2684/2692)
-
-> Optical 16Gb Fibre Channel PCIe cards.
-
-Qlogic 2740/2742/2764 (aka 2722/2714)
-
-> Optical 32Gb Fibre Channel PCIe cards.
-
-Qlogic QLE2770/QLE2772 (aka 2812)
+driver supports the following optical Fibre Chanel adapters:
 
-> Optical 32Gb Fibre Channel PCIe cards.
-
-Qlogic QLE2774 (aka 2814)
-
-> Optical 32Gb Fibre Channel PCIe cards.
-
-Qlogic QLE2870/QLE2872 (aka 2812)
-
-> Optical 64Gb Fibre Channel PCIe cards.
-
-Qlogic QLE2874 (aka 2814)
-
-> Optical 64Gb Fibre Channel PCIe cards.
+	Model:                               Speed:   Bus:  
+	Qlogic QLE2874 (2814)                64Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic QLE2870/QLE2872 (2812)        64Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic QLE2774 (2814)                32Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic QLE2770/QLE2772 (2812)        32Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic 2740/2742/2764 (2722/2714)    32Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic 2690/2692/2694 (2684/2692)    16Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic 267x/836x (2031/8031) FCoE    16Gb     PCIe  
+	Qlogic 256x (2532)                   8Gb      PCIe  
+	Qlogic 246x (2432)                   4Gb      PCIe  
+	Qlogic 2422                          4Gb      PCI-X
 
 
 
@@ -916,30 +900,23 @@ driver supports the following hardware:
 
 
 
-Controllers supported by the
+The
 **mlx**
-driver include:
-
-*	Mylex DAC960P
-*	Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)
-*	Mylex DAC960PDU
-*	Mylex DAC960PL
-*	Mylex DAC960PJ
-*	Mylex DAC960PG
-*	Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)
-*	Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)
-*	Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)
-*	Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)
+driver supports the following Parallel SCSI RAID controllers:
+
+*	Mylex DAC960P (Wide Fast SCSI-2)
+*	Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Wide Fast SCSI-2)
+*	Mylex DAC960PDU (Ultra SCSI-3)
+*	Mylex DAC960PL (Wide Fast SCSI-2)
+*	Mylex DAC960PJ (Wide Ultra SCSI-3)
+*	Mylex DAC960PG (Wide Ultra SCSI-3)
+*	Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Wide Ultra SCSI-3)
+*	Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL) (Wide Ultra2 SCSI)
+*	Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1) (Wide Ultra2 SCSI)
+*	Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P) (Wide Ultra2 SCSI)
 *	RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB
 	cache), KZPAC-CA (3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)
 
-All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however
-it is always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware
-available for the controller.
-
-Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been
-verified.
-
 
 [NOTE]
 ====
@@ -948,6 +925,11 @@ EISA adapters are not supported.
 ====
 
 
+The
+**mmcsd**
+driver implements direct access block device for MMC and SD memory cards.
+
+
 
 These controllers are supported by the
 **mpi3mr**
@@ -966,9 +948,9 @@ driver:
 
 
 
-These controllers are supported by the
+The
 **mpr**
-driver:
+driver supports the following SATA/SAS/NVMe RAID controllers:
 
 *	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3004 (4 Port SAS)
 *	Broadcom Ltd./Avago Tech (LSI) SAS 3008 (8 Port SAS)
@@ -1080,29 +1062,31 @@ can take on - no separate compilation is required.
 
 The
 **mrsas**
-driver supports the following hardware:
-
-\[ Thunderbolt 6Gb/s MR controller ]
-
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9265
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9266
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9267
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9270
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9271
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9272
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9285
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9286
-*	DELL PERC H810
-*	DELL PERC H710/P
-
-\[ Invader/Fury 12Gb/s MR controller ]
-
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9380
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9361
-*	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9341
-*	DELL PERC H830
-*	DELL PERC H730/P
-*	DELL PERC H330
+driver supports the following LSI/Broadcom SATA/SAS RAID controllers:
+
+	Controller               Chip            Speed  
+	Broadcom SAS3916         Aero            12Gb/s  
+	Broadcom SAS3908         Aero            12Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9380    Invader/Fury    12Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9361    Invader/Fury    12Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9341    Invader/Fury    12Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9286    Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9285    Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9272    Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9271    Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9270    Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9267    Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9266    Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	LSI MegaRAID SAS 9265    Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	LSI SAS 3108                             12Gb/s  
+	LSI SAS 3008                             12Gb/s  
+	LSI SAS 2308                             6Gb/s  
+	LSI SAS 2208                             6Gb/s  
+	DELL PERC H830           Invader/Fury    12Gb/s  
+	DELL PERC H810           Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	DELL PERC H730/P         Invader/Fury    12Gb/s  
+	DELL PERC H710/P         Thunderbolt     6Gb/s  
+	DELL PERC H330           Invader/Fury    12Gb/s
 
 
 
@@ -1138,11 +1122,18 @@ ATAPI and non-DMA ATA commands executed one by one for each port.
 
 
 
+The
+**nda**
+driver supports NVMe
+(Non-Volatile Memory Express)
+storage devices connected via PCIe or over NVMF
+(NVMe over Fabric)
+via the CAM subsystem.
 
 
 
 The
-**ocs\_fc**
+**ocs_fc**
 driver supports these Fibre Channel adapters:
 
 Emulex 16/8G FC GEN 5 HBAS
@@ -1206,6 +1197,33 @@ controller.
 
 
 The
+**sdhci**
+driver supports the SD Host Controller Specification.
+When attaching via the PCI bus,
+the controller is automatically configured.
+Many SoC chips provide a SDHCI controller directly mapped to I/O memory.
+For those, the controller may be configured using
+fdt(4)
+or
+acpi(4)
+methods, supplied by your board's vendor.
+
+Unlike most other drivers that support a generic standard,
+**sdhci**
+requires a large number of quirks to cope with hardware bugs,
+proprietary registers and poorly specified power management.
+While many chipsets from
+Intel, Xilinx, Rockchip, Frescale, Ricoh, and TI have these entries,
+suboptimal performance may result when using some controllers.
+Quirks and custom configuration are most often required
+when the device is configured via
+fdt(4)
+or
+acpi(4).
+
+
+
+The
 **siis**
 driver supports the following controller chips:
 
@@ -1227,7 +1245,6 @@ driver include, but not limited to:
 
 
 
-
 The
 **sym**
 driver provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI
@@ -1267,8 +1284,6 @@ one of the following add-on boards:
 
 
 
-
-
 The
 **tws**
 driver supports the following SATA/SAS RAID controller:
@@ -1277,6 +1292,12 @@ driver supports the following SATA/SAS RAID controller:
 
 
 
+The
+**ufshci**
+driver supports both host controllers and devices implementing the
+Universal Flash Storage Host Controller Interface 4.1 and earlier.
+
+
 With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is provided for SCSI-I, SCSI-II, and SCSI-III peripherals, including hard disks, optical disks, tape drives (including DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, and DLT), medium changers, processor target devices and CD-ROM drives.
 WORM devices that support CD-ROM commands are supported for read-only access by the CD-ROM drivers (such as man:cd[4]).
 WORM/CD-R/CD-RW writing support is provided by man:cdrecord[1], which is a part of the package:sysutils/cdrtools[] port in the Ports Collection.
@@ -1357,12 +1378,12 @@ device driver provides support for the following Ethernet controllers:
 
 
 
-
-Adapters supported by the
+The
 **aue**
-driver include:
+driver supports the following USB Fast Ethernet adapters based on the
+ADMtek AN986 Pegasus chipset:
 
-*	Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX\_NA
+*	Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA
 *	Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream
 *	ADMtek AN986, AN8511
 *	Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100
@@ -1400,10 +1421,10 @@ AX88172:
 *	Billionton SnapPort
 *	Billionton USB2AR
 *	Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX
-*	Corega USB2\_TX
+*	Corega USB2_TX
 *	D-Link DUBE100
 *	Goodway GWUSB2E
-*	JVC MP\_PRX1
+*	JVC MP_PRX1
 *	LinkSys USB200M
 *	Netgear FA120
 *	Sitecom LN-029
@@ -1441,7 +1462,15 @@ AX88760:
 *	ASIX AX88760
 
 
-ASIX Electronics AX88178A/AX88179 USB Gigabit Ethernet adapters (man:axge[4] driver)
+
+The
+**axge**
+driver supports the following USB Gigabit Ethernet controllers:
+
+*	ASIX Electronics AX88179A
+*	ASIX Electronics AX88179
+*	ASIX Electronics AX88178A
+
 
 
 The
@@ -1475,7 +1504,7 @@ following:
 *	HP NC382m DP 1GbE Multifunction BL-c Adapter
 
 
-[amd64, i386] Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet adapters (man:bfe[4] driver)
+The man:bfe[4] driver supports Broadcom BCM4401-based Fast Ethernet devices.
 
 
 The
@@ -1583,10 +1612,14 @@ driver at this time:
 
 
 
-The following devices are supported by the
+The
 **cdce**
-driver:
+driver supports USB Ethernet interfaces implementing the
+USB Communication Device Class Ethernet Control Model (CDC ECM) or
+Network Control Model (CDC NCM) protocol, such as:
 
+*	Android USB tethering
+*	iPhone USB tethering
 *	Prolific PL-2501 Host-to-Host Bridge Controller
 *	Sharp Zaurus PDA
 *	Terayon TJ-715 DOCSIS Cable Modem
@@ -1769,7 +1802,6 @@ driver at this time:
 
 
 
-
 Gigabit Ethernet controllers built into the following Freescale
 system-on-chip devices are known to work with the
 **dtsec**
@@ -1785,7 +1817,6 @@ Additionally, the following devices are expected to work, but are untested:
 
 
 
-
 The
 **em**
 driver supports Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel
@@ -1823,7 +1854,7 @@ controller chips:
 *	Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)
 
 
-FreeBSD kernel driver for Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) family (man:ena[4] driver)
+The man:ena[4] driver supports the AWS EC2 Elastic Network Adapter.
 
 
 The
@@ -1832,7 +1863,12 @@ driver should supports all known Cisco VIC cards.
 
 
 
-Agere ET1310 Gigabit Ethernet adapters (man:et[4] driver)
+
+The
+**et**
+driver supports Agere ET1310 10/100/Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters.
+
 
 
 
@@ -1877,14 +1913,14 @@ on the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B and related systems.
 It utilizes the BCM54213PE PHY.
 
 
-Ethernet driver for Google Virtual NIC (gVNIC) (man:gve[4] driver)
+The man:gve[4] driver supports the Google Cloud Compute Engine (GCE) Virtual NIC (gVNIC).
 
 
 
 The
 **ice**
 driver supports the Intel Ethernet 800 series.
-Most adapters in this series with SFP28/QSFP28 cages
+Some adapters in this series with SFP28/QSFP28 cages
 have firmware that requires that Intel qualified modules are used; these
 qualified modules are listed below.
 This qualification check cannot be disabled by the driver.
@@ -2519,13 +2555,25 @@ driver automatically switches the device from
 "Zero-CD"
 mode to modem mode.
 This behavior can be disabled by setting
-*hw.usb.uhso.auto\_switch*
+*hw.usb.uhso.auto_switch*
 to 0 using
 sysctl(8).
 
 
 
 The
+**ure**
+driver supports the following USB Ethernet controllers:
+
+	Model:                                          Speed (Mbps):  
+	Realtek RTL8156/RTL8156B/RTL8156BG              10, 100, 1000, and 2500  
+	Realtek RTL8153/RTL8153B                        10, 100, and 1000  
+	Realtek RTL8152                                 10 and 100  
+	Realtek RTL8168/8169/8110/8211 via rgephy(4)    10, 100, and 1000
+
+
+
+The
 **urndis**
 driver supports the
 "tethering"
@@ -2603,6 +2651,87 @@ FreeBSD
 driver supports this modem.
 
 
+[[switch]]
+=== Ethernet Switches
+
+The man:adm6996fc[4] driver supports the Infineon ADM6996FC Fast Ethernet switch controller.
+
+
+The
+**ar40xx_switch**
+driver supports the following Gigabit Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	Qualcomm IPQ 4019 Five-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch
+*	Qualcomm IPQ 4018 Five-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch
+
+
+
+The
+**arswitch**
+driver supports the following Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	Atheros AR8327 Seven-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch
+*	Atheros AR8316 Six-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch
+*	Atheros AR8236 Six-port Fast Ethernet Switch
+*	Atheros AR8226 Six-port Fast Ethernet Switch
+*	Atheros AR8216 Six-port Fast Ethernet Switch
+
+
+
+The
+**e6000sw**
+driver supports the following Gigabit Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	Marvell 88E6190X
+*	Marvell 88E6190
+*	Marvell 88E6176
+*	Marvell 88E6172
+*	Marvell 88E6341
+*	Marvell 88E6141
+
+
+
+The
+**e6060sw**
+driver supports the following Fast Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	Marvell 88E6060
+*	Marvell 88E6063
+*	Marvell 88E6065
+
+
+The man:felix[4] driver supports the Microsemi VSC9959 Felix Gigabit Ethernet switch controller found in the NXP Layerscape LS1028A SoC.
+
+
+The
+**ip17x**
+driver supports the following Fast Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	IC Plus IP178C
+*	IC Plus IP175D
+*	IC Plus IP175C
+*	IC Plus IP175A
+
+
+The man:ksz8995ma[4] driver supports the Micrel KSZ8995MA/KSZ8995FQ Fast Ethernet switch controller.
+
+
+The
+**mtkswitch**
+driver supports the following Ethernet switch controllers:
+
+*	MediaTek MT7628 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+*	MediaTek MT7621 (5 port Gigabit Ethernet)
+*	MediaTek MT7620 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+*	Ralink RT5350 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+*	Ralink RT3352 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+*	Ralink RT3050 (5 port Fast Ethernet)
+
+
+The *rtl8366* driver supports the Realtek 8366 Gigabit Ethernet switch controller.
+
+The *ukswitch* driver is designed to support potentially unknown Ethernet Switches.
+
 [[wlan]]
 === Wireless Network Interfaces
 
@@ -2615,7 +2744,7 @@ except those that are based on the AR5005VL chipset.
 
 
 The following cards are among those supported by the
-**ath\_hal**
+**ath_hal**
 module:
 
 	*Card*               Chip      Bus        Standard  
@@ -2752,6 +2881,13 @@ sub-driver with the following chipset generations:
 *	9000
 *	22000
 *	AX210
+
+The
+**iwlwifi**
+driver supports PCIe devices from the
+**mld**
+sub-driver with the following chipset generations:
+
 *	BZ
 *	SC
 
@@ -2870,6 +3006,17 @@ driver provides support for:
 
 
 
+The
+**iwx**
+driver supports the following M.2 wireless network adapters:
+
+*	Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX200
+*	Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX201 CNVi
+*	Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX210
+*	Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX211 CNVi
+
+
+
 The following cards are among those supported by the
 **malo**
 driver:
@@ -2884,6 +3031,22 @@ Marvell 88W8363 IEEE 802.11n wireless network adapters (man:mwl[4] driver)
 
 
 The
+**mtw**
+driver supports MediaTek MT7601U based USB wireless network adapters
+including (but not all of them tested):
+
+*	ASUS USB-N10 v2
+*	D-Link DWA-127 rev B1
+*	Edimax EW-7711UAn v2
+*	Foxconn WFU03
+*	Tenda U2
+*	Tenda W311MI v2
+*	TP-LINK TL-WN727N v4 (tested working)
+*	Yealink WF40
+
+
+
+The
 **otus**
 driver provides support for Atheros AR9170 USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n
 wireless network adapters, including:
@@ -3053,7 +3216,7 @@ driver supports PCIe devices with the following chipsets:
 
 
 The
-**rtwn\_pci**
+**rtwn_pci**
 driver supports the following PCIe Wi-Fi devices:
 
 *	Realtek 802.11n wireless 8188  (RTL8188EE)
@@ -3062,7 +3225,7 @@ driver supports the following PCIe Wi-Fi devices:
 
 
 The
-**rtwn\_usb**
+**rtwn_usb**
 driver supports USB wireless network adapters based on certain
 Realtek RTL 8188/8192/8812 and 8821 chipsets, including:
 
@@ -3473,54 +3636,137 @@ driver supports the following classes of UARTs:
 
 The
 **scc**
-driver supports the following classes of SCCs:
+driver supports the following classes of Serial Communications Controllers:
 
 *	QUICC: Freescale/NXP QUad Integrated Communications Controllers.
 *	Z8530: Zilog 8530 based serial communications controllers.
 
 
-[amd64, i386] AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ
 
-* ARNET 8 port serial card using shared IRQ
-* ARNET (now Digiboard) Sync 570/i high-speed serial
-
-[i386] Boca multi-port serial cards
-
-* Boca BB1004 4-Port serial card (Modems _not_ supported)
-* Boca IOAT66 6-Port serial card (Modems supported)
-* Boca BB1008 8-Port serial card (Modems _not_ supported)
-* Boca BB2016 16-Port serial card (Modems supported)
-
-[i386] Comtrol Rocketport card (man:rp[4] driver)
-
-[i386] Cyclades Cyclom-Y serial board (man:cy[4] driver)
-
-[i386] STB 4 port card using shared IRQ
-
-[amd64, i386] PCI-Based multi-port serial boards (man:puc[4] driver)
-
-* [amd64, i386] Actiontech 56K PCI
-* [amd64, i386] Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S and PCI IO 4S
-* [amd64, i386] Comtrol RocketPort 550
-* [amd64, i386] Decision Computers PCCOM 4-port serial and dual port RS232/422/485
-* [amd64, i386] Dolphin Peripherals 4025/4035/4036
-* [amd64, i386] IC Book Labs Dreadnought 16x Lite and Pro
-* [amd64, i386] Lava Computers 2SP-PCI/DSerial-PCI/Quattro-PCI/Octopus-550
-* [amd64, i386] Middle Digital, Weasle serial port
-* [amd64, i386] Moxa Industio CP-114, Smartio C104H-PCI and C168H/PCI
-* [amd64, i386] NEC PK-UG-X001 and PK-UG-X008
-* [amd64, i386] Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550
-* [amd64, i386] Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 PCI UART
-* [amd64, i386] Syba Tech SD-LAB PCI-4S2P-550-ECP
-* [amd64, i386] SIIG Cyber I/O PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850
-* [amd64, i386] SIIG Cyber 2P1S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850
-* [amd64, i386] SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850
-* [amd64, i386] SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850
-* [amd64, i386] SIIG Cyber Serial (Single and Dual) PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850
-* [amd64, i386] Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP
-* [amd64, i386] Titan PCI-200H and PCI-800H
-* [amd64, i386] US Robotics (3Com) 3CP5609 modem
-* [amd64, i386] VScom PCI-400 and PCI-800
+The
+**puc**
+driver supports the following
+PCI/PCIe multi-port serial and parallel adapters:
+
+*	Advantech 2-port PCI PCI-1602/1603 Rev A/B1
+*	Applied Micro Circuits PCI 8 Port UART
+*	Avlab Technology PCI IO 2S
+*	Avlab Low Profile PCI 4 Serial
+*	Boca Research PCI Turbo Serial 658/654
+*	Brainboxes:
+
+	-	Instashield PCIe IX-400, IX-200, IX-100
+	-	Instashield PCI IS-400, IS-200
+	-	PX Series PCIe RS232/RS422/RS485/LPT
+	-	UC Series Universal PCI RS232/RS422/RS485/LPT
+	-	UP Series PCI Dual RS232
+
+*	Comtrol RocketPort 550 PCI 16/8/4 port
+*	Decision Computer PCCOM PCI 8/4/2 port
+*	Digi Neo PCIe 4 and 8 Port (with and without RJ45)
+*	Digi Neo PCI 4 and 8 Port
+*	Dolphin Peripherals PCI 4035/4014
+*	Exar:
+
+	-	XR17C/D152
+	-	XR17C154
+	-	XR17C158
+	-	XR17V258IV
+	-	XR17V352
+	-	XR17V354
+	-	XR17V358
+
+*	Feasso PCI FPP-02 2S1P
+*	HP Diva Serial \[GSP] Multiport UART:
+
+	-	Tosca Console
+	-	Tosca Secondary
+	-	Maestro SP2
+	-	Superdome Console
+	-	Keystone SP2
+	-	Everest SP2
+
+*	I-O DATA RSA-PCI2/R
+*	IBM SurePOS 300 Series (481033H) serial ports
+*	IC Book Labs:
+
+	-	Dreadnought x16 Pro/Lite
+	-	Ironclad x8 Pro
+	-	Gunboat x4 Pro/Lite/Low Profile
+	-	Gunboat x2 Low Profile
+
+*	Kuroutoshikou SERIAL4P-LPPCI2
+*	Lava Computers:
+
+	-	Dual Serial PCI
+	-	Quattro-PCIe
+	-	Quattro-PCI
+	-	Octopus-550 PCI
+
+*	Moxa Technologies:
+
+	-	Smartio CP-102E/PCIe
+	-	Smartio CP-102EL/PCIe
+	-	Smartio C104H/PCI
+	-	Smartio CP-104UL/PCI
+	-	Smartio CP-104JU/PCI
+	-	Smartio CP-104EL/PCIe
+	-	Smartio CP-104EL-A/PCIe
+	-	CP-112UL PCI
+	-	Industio CP-114
+	-	Smartio CP-114EL/PCIe
+	-	Smartio CP-118EL-A/PCIe
+	-	C168H/PCI
+	-	C168U/PCI
+	-	CP-168EL/PCIe
+	-	Smartio CP-168EL-A/PCIe
+
+*	NetMos NM9815 Dual 1284 Printer port PCI
+*	NetMos NM9835 2/1 port UART + 1284 Printer PCI
+*	NetMos NM9845 4/6 port UART + 1284 Printer PCI
+*	NetMos NM9865 4/3/2 port UART + 1/2 port 1284 Printer PCI
+*	Oxford Semiconductor based boards:
+
+	-	OX16PCI952 UART (with and without Parallel port)
+	-	OX16PCI954 UART
+	-	OX9160/OX16PCI954 UARTs
+	-	OX16PCI958 UART
+
+*	Perle Ultraport4 Express PCIe Serial
+*	Perle Speed8/Speed4/Speed2 LE PCI Serial
+*	Quatech:
+
+	-	DSC-300/200/100 PCI
+	-	DSCLP-300/200/100 PCI
+	-	ESC-100/100D/100M PCI
+	-	QSC-300/200/100 PCI
+	-	QSCLP-100 PCI
+
+*	SIIG Cyber Series of UART and parallel port boards:
+
+	-	Cyber 2S and 2SP1 PCI 16550
+	-	Cyber 4 and 4S PCI 16C650 (10x family and 20x family)
+	-	Cyber I/O PCI (10x family and 20x family)
+	-	Cyber Parallel Dual PCI (10x family and 20x family)
+	-	Cyber Serial Dual PCI (10x family and 20x family)
+	-	Cyber 2S1P PCI (10x family and 20x family)
+	-	PS8000 8S PCI 16C650 (20x family)
+	-	Quartet Serial 850 PCI
+
+*	Sun 1040 PCI Quad Serial
+*	Sunix MIO5xxxx 4/2/1 port UART and 1284 Printer
+*	Sunix SUN1889/1888 PCI dual port serial
+*	Sunix SER5xxxx 8/4/2 port serial
+*	Syba Tech Ltd PCI-4S2P-550-ECP
+*	Systembase SB16C1054/8 4/8 port serial
+*	Titan PCI-800H/PCI-200H
+*	VScom:
+
+	-	PCIex-800H
+	-	PCI-200HV2
+	-	200Li uPCI
+	-	PCI-800L, PCI-200L, and PCI-100L
+	-	PCI-800, PCI-400, and PCI-200
 
 
 
@@ -3536,10 +3782,33 @@ driver supports the following adapters:
 
 
 The
-**uchcom**
+**ubsa**
 driver supports the following adapters:
 
-*	HL USB-RS232
+*	AnyData ADU-500A EV-DO modem
+*	AnyData ADU-E100A (no EV-DO mode support)
+*	Belkin F5U103
+*	Belkin F5U120
+*	e-Tek Labs Kwik232
+*	GoHubs GoCOM232
+*	Peracom single port serial adapter
+
+
+
+The
+**ubser**
+driver provides support for the BWCT console management serial adapters.
+
+
+
+The
+**uchcom**
+driver supports the following USB to serial UART controllers:
+
+*	WinChipHead CH9102 (max 6Mbps)
+*	WinChipHead CH343 (max 6Mbps)
+*	WinChipHead CH341 (max 2Mbps)
+*	WinChipHead CH340 (max 2Mbps)
 
 
 
@@ -3551,13 +3820,207 @@ Cypress USB to RS232 bridge chips:
 *	DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS receiver
 
 
+
+The
+**uftdi**
+driver supports the following USB to serial UART controllers:
+
+*	FTDI FT4232H
+*	FTDI FT232R
+*	FTDI FT230X
+*	FTDI FT2232H
+*	FTDI FT2232D
+*	FTDI FT2232C
+*	FTDI FT8U232BM
+*	FTDI FT8U232AM
+*	FTDI FT8U100AX
+
+
+
+The
+**umcs**
+driver was tested on the following adapters:
+
+*	ST Lab U-360 two-port serial USB adapter
+*	ST Lab U-400 four-port serial USB adapter
+
+
+
+The
+**umct**
+driver supports the following adapters:
+
+*	Belkin F5U109
+*	Belkin F5U409
+*	D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub
+*	Magic Control Technology USB-232
+*	Sitecom USB-232
+
+
+
+
+The
+**uplcom**
+driver supports the following devices and adapters:
+
+*	ADLINK ND-6530 USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Alcatel One Touch 535/735 Phone
+*	Alcor AU9720 USB-RS232 Serial Adapter
+*	AlDiga AL-11U Modem
+*	Alltronix ACM003U00 Modem
+*	Anchor Serial adapter
+*	ATEN UC-232A
+*	ATEN UC-232B
+*	BAFO BF-800 and BF-810
+*	Belkin F5U257
+*	BenQ S81 Phone
+*	Corega CG-USBRS232R Serial Adapter
+*	Cressi Edy (Seiko) Diving Computer
+*	ELECOM UC-SGT Serial Adapter
+*	HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander
+*	Hama USB RS-232 Serial Adapter
+*	Hamlet exaggerate XURS232
+*	HP LD220 Point-Of-Sale (POS) Display
+*	IOGEAR UC-232A
+*	I/O DATA USB-RSAQ, USB-RSAQ2, USB-RSAQ3 and USB-RSAQ5
+*	iTegno WM1080A GSM/GFPRS Modem
+*	iTegno WM2080A CDMA Modem
+*	Leadtek 9531 GPS
+*	Micromax 610U Modem
+*	Microsoft Palm 700WX
+*	Mobile Action MA-620 Infrared Adapter
+*	Motorola Cables
+*	Nokia CA-42 Cable
+*	OTI DKU-5 cable
+*	Panasonic TY-TP50P6-S flat screen
+*	PLX CA-42 Phone Cable
+*	PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03
+*	Prolific Generic USB-Serial Adapters
+*	Prolific Generic USB-Serial Adapters (HXN)
+*	Prolific Pharos USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Prolific USB-Serial Controller D
+*	RATOC REX-USB60
+*	Radio Shack USB Serial Cable
+*	Sagem USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Samsung I330 Phone Cradle
+*	Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)
+*	Sanwa KB-USB2 Multimeter cable
+*	Siemens/BenQ EF81, SX1, X65 and X75 Mobile Phones
+*	Sitecom USB-Serial Adapter
+*	SMART Technologies USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Sony QN3 Phone Cable
+*	Sony Ericsson Datapilot
+*	Sony Ericsson DCU-10 and DCU-11 (Susteen) USB Cables
+*	SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)
+*	Speed Dragon USB-Serial Cable
+*	Syntech CPT-8001C Barcode Scanner
+*	TDK UHA6400 and UPA9664 USB-PHS Adapters
+*	TRENDnet USB to Serial Converter (TU-S9)
+*	Tripp-Lite U209-000-R USB-Serial Adapter
+*	UIC HCR331 Magnetic Stripe Card Reader
+*	UIC MSR206 Magnetic Stripe Card Reader
+*	Willcom W-SIM DD PHS terminal.(WS002IN)
+*	YC-Cable USB-Serial Adapter
+*	Zeagle N2iTion3 Diving Computer
+
+
+
+The following devices should work with the
+**uslcom**
+driver:
+
+*	AC-Services CAN, CIS-IBUS, IBUS and OBD interfaces
+*	Aerocomm Radio
+*	AKTACOM ACE-1001 cable
+*	AMBER Wireless AMB2560
+*	Arkham DS-101 Adapter
+*	Argussoft ISP
+*	Arygon Technologies Mifare RFID Reader
+*	AVIT Research USB-TTL interface
+*	B&G H3000 Data Cable
+*	Balluff RFID reader
+*	Baltech card reader
+*	BEI USB VCP Sensor
+*	Burnside Telecom Desktop Mobile
+*	chip45.com Crumb128 module
+*	Clipsal 5000CT2, 5500PACA, 5500PCU, 560884, 5800PC, C5000CT2
+	and L51xx C-Bus Home Automation products
+*	Commander 2 EDGE(GSM) Modem
+*	Cygnal Fasttrax GPS and Debug adapter
+*	DataApex MultiCOM USB to RS232 converter
+*	Degree Controls USB adapter
+*	DekTec DTA Plus VHF/UHF Booster
+*	Dell DW700 GPS Receiver
+*	Digianswer ZigBee/802.15.4 MAC
+*	Dynastream ANT Development kits
+*	Elan USBcount50, USBscope50, USBpulse100 and USBwave12
+*	ELV USB-I2C interface
+*	EMS C1007 HF RFID controller
+*	Festo CPX-USB and CMSP interfaces
+*	Gemalto Prox-PU/CU contactless card reader
+*	Helicomm IP-Link 1220-DVM
+*	IMS USB-RS422 adapter
+*	Infinity GPS-MIC-1 Radio Monophone
+*	INSYS Modem
+*	IRZ SG-10 and MC35pu GSM/GPRS Modems
+*	Jablotron PC-60B
+*	Kamstrup M-Bus Master MultiPort 250D
+	and Optical Eye/3 wire utility meter interfaces
+*	Kyocera GPS
+*	Link Instruments MS-019 and MS-028
+	Oscilloscope/Logic Analyzer/Pattern Generators
+*	Lipowsky Baby-JTAG, Baby-LIN and HARP-1
+*	MEI CashFlow SC and Series 2000 cash acceptors
+*	MJS USB-TOSLINK Adapter
+*	MobiData GPRS USB Modems
+*	MSD DashHawk
+*	Multiplex RC adapter
+*	Optris MSpro LT Thermometer
+*	Owen AC4 USB-RS485 converter
+*	Pirelli DP-L10 SIP phone
+*	PLX CA-42 Phone cable
+*	Pololu USB to Serial
+*	Procyon AVS Mind Machine
+*	Renesas RX-Stick for RX610
+*	Siemens MC60 Cable
+*	Silicon Laboratories generic CP2101/CP2102/CP2103/CP2104/CP2105 chips
+*	Software Bisque Paramount ME
+*	SPORTident BSM7-D USB
+*	Suunto Sports Instrument
+*	Syntech CipherLab USB Barcode Scanner
+*	T-Com TC 300 SIP phone
+*	Tams Master Easy Control
+*	Telegesis ETRX2USB
+*	Timewave HamLinkUSB
+*	Tracient RFID Reader
+*	Track Systems Traqmate
+*	Vaisala USB Instrument cable
+*	VStabi Controller
+*	WAGO 750-923 USB Service Cable
+*	WaveSense Jazz Blood Glucose Meter
+*	WIENER Plein & Baus CML Data Logger, RCM Remote,
+	and PL512 and MPOD PSUs
+*	WMR RIGblaster Plug&Play and RIGtalk RT1
+*	Zephyr Bioharness
+
+
+
+The
+**uvscom**
+driver supports the following adapters:
+
+*	DDI Pocket Air H" C@rd
+*	DDI Pocket Air H" C@rd 64
+*	NTT P-in
+*	NTT P-in m@ster
+
+
 [[sound]]
 === Sound Devices
 
 
-
 The
-**snd\_als4000**
+**snd_als4000**
 driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 *	Avance Logic ALS4000
@@ -3565,7 +4028,7 @@ driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_atiixp**
+**snd_atiixp**
 driver supports the following audio chipsets:
 
 *	ATI IXP 200
@@ -3575,7 +4038,7 @@ driver supports the following audio chipsets:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_cmi**
+**snd_cmi**
 driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 *	CMedia CMI8338A
@@ -3586,7 +4049,7 @@ driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_cs4281**
+**snd_cs4281**
 driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 *	Crystal Semiconductor CS4281
@@ -3594,7 +4057,7 @@ driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_csa**
+**snd_csa**
 driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 *	Crystal Semiconductor CS4280
@@ -3613,14 +4076,13 @@ Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec
 instead of the CS4297 AC97 codec.
 Such configurations are not
 supported by the
-**snd\_csa**
+**snd_csa**
 driver yet.
 
 
 
-
 The
-**snd\_emu10k1**
+**snd_emu10k1**
 driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 *	Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)
@@ -3631,7 +4093,7 @@ driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_emu10kx**
+**snd_emu10kx**
 driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 *	Creative Sound Blaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset).
@@ -3648,7 +4110,7 @@ driver supports the following sound cards:
 	There is no MIDI support for this card.
 
 The
-**snd\_emu10kx**
+**snd_emu10kx**
 driver does
 *not*
 support the following sound cards (although they have names
@@ -3668,7 +4130,7 @@ similar to some supported ones):
 
 
 The
-**snd\_envy24**
+**snd_envy24**
 driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 *	M-Audio Audiophile 2496
@@ -3681,7 +4143,7 @@ Recording and other features of these cards are not supported.
 
 
 The
-**snd\_envy24ht**
+**snd_envy24ht**
 driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 *	Audiotrak Prodigy 7.1
@@ -3705,7 +4167,7 @@ Recording and other features of these cards are not supported.
 
 
 The
-**snd\_es137x**
+**snd_es137x**
 driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 *	Creative CT5880-A
@@ -3722,31 +4184,27 @@ driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 
 
-
 The
-**snd\_fm801**
+**snd_fm801**
 driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 
 *	Forte Media FM801
 
 
 
-
-The
-**snd\_hda**
-driver supports controllers having PCI class 4 (multimedia) and
-subclass 3 (HDA), compatible with Intel HDA specification.
-
 The
-**snd\_hda**
-driver supports more than two hundred different controllers and CODECs.
-There is no sense to list all of them here, as in most cases specific CODEC
-configuration and wiring are more important then type of the CODEC itself.
+**snd_hda**
+driver supports PCI class 04h
+(multimedia),
+subclass 03h
+(HDA)
+audio controllers and codecs compatible with the
+Intel High Definition Audio 1.0 specification.
 
 
 
 The
-**snd\_hdspe**
+**snd_hdspe**
 driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 *	RME HDSPe AIO (optional AO4S-192 and AI4S-192 extension boards)
@@ -3765,7 +4223,7 @@ be mapped to ADAT channels and vice versa.
 
 
 The
-**snd\_ich**
+**snd_ich**
 driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 *	AMD 768
@@ -3789,9 +4247,8 @@ driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 
 
-
 The
-**snd\_maestro3**
+**snd_maestro3**
 driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 *	ESS Technology Allegro-1
@@ -3799,9 +4256,8 @@ driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 
 
-
 The
-**snd\_neomagic**
+**snd_neomagic**
 driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 *	NeoMagic 256AV
@@ -3809,9 +4265,8 @@ driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 
 
-
 The
-**snd\_solo**
+**snd_solo**
 driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 *	ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)
@@ -3820,7 +4275,7 @@ driver supports the following sound cards:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_spicds**
+**snd_spicds**
 driver supports the following codecs:
 
 *	AK4358
@@ -3833,7 +4288,7 @@ driver supports the following codecs:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_t4dwave**
+**snd_t4dwave**
 driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 *	Acer Labs M5451
@@ -3844,7 +4299,14 @@ driver supports the following audio devices:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_via8233**
+**snd_uaudio**
+driver provides support for USB audio class devices and
+USB MIDI class devices.
+
+
+
+The
+**snd_via8233**
 driver supports the following audio chipsets:
 
 *	VIA VT8233
@@ -3857,7 +4319,7 @@ driver supports the following audio chipsets:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_via82c686**
+**snd_via82c686**
 driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 
 *	VIA 82C686A
@@ -3865,18 +4327,12 @@ driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 
 
 The
-**snd\_vibes**
+**snd_vibes**
 driver supports audio devices based on the following chipset:
 
 *	S3 SonicVibes
 
 
-[[camera]]
-=== Camera and Video Capture Devices
-
-
-[i386] Connectix QuickCam
-
 [[usb]]
 === USB Devices
 
@@ -3885,20 +4341,14 @@ Owing to the generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions any device
 
 [NOTE]
 ====
-USB network interfaces can be found in <<ethernet,Ethernet Interfaces>> or <<wlan,Wireless Network Interfaces>>.
-====
-
-[NOTE]
-====
 USB Bluetooth adapters can be found in <<bluetooth,Bluetooth>>.
-====
 
-[NOTE]
-====
 USB human interface devices can be found in <<misc,Miscellaneous>>.
-====
 
-Altera University Program Secure Data Card IP Core (man:altera_sdcard[4] driver)
+USB network interfaces can be found in <<ethernet,Ethernet Interfaces>> or <<wlan,Wireless Network Interfaces>>.
+
+USB serial interfaces can be found in <<serial,Serial Interfaces>>.
+====
 
 
 The
@@ -3971,6 +4421,8 @@ driver include:
 *	Apple PowerBook Trackpad
 
 
+The man:ehci[4] driver supports USB 2.0 controllers implementing the Enhanced Host Controller Interface standard.
+
 
 The
 **ohci**
@@ -4006,30 +4458,29 @@ driver supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:
 
 The
 **uipaq**
-driver supports the following adapters:
-
-ASUS P535 PDA
-
-Casio BE300 PDA
+driver supports the following iPAQ devices:
 
-Compaq IPaq PocketPC
+*	ASUS P535 PDA
+*	Casio BE300 PDA
+*	Compaq IPaq PocketPC
+*	HP Jornada 568
+*	HP iPAQ 22xx/Jornada 548
+*	HTC PPC6700 Modem
+*	HTC Smart Phone
+*	HTC Winmobile
+*	Sharp W-ZERO3 ES Spart Phone
+*	Most Windows CE based phones
 
-HP Jornada 568
 
-HP iPAQ 22xx/Jornada 548
 
-HTC PPC6700 Modem
-
-HTC Smart Phone
-
-HTC Winmobile
-
-Sharp W-ZERO3 ES Spart Phone
-
-Most Windows CE based phones
+The
+**umass**
+driver supports USB Mass Storage devices such as:
 
+*	USB thumb drives
+*	USB hard disk drives
+*	USB floppy drives
 
-[amd64, i386] USB 2.0 controllers using the EHCI interface (man:ehci[4] driver)
 
 [amd64, i386] Hubs
 
@@ -4071,8 +4522,7 @@ driver include:
 
 The
 **rtsx**
-driver supports different specification compatible chips.
-The following chips have been verified to work:
+driver supports the following Realtek SD card readers:
 
 *	RTS5209
 *	RTS5227
@@ -4081,12 +4531,9 @@ The following chips have been verified to work:
 *	RTS525A
 *	RTS5260
 *	RTL8411B
-
-It should also work for:
-
-*	RTS5249
-*	RTL8402
-*	RTL8411
+*	RTS5249 (unverified)
+*	RTL8402 (unverified)
+*	RTL8411 (unverified)
 
 
 
@@ -4103,115 +4550,6 @@ conversion cables, including the following:
 
 
 The
-**ubsa**
-driver supports the following adapters:
-
-*	AnyData ADU-500A EV-DO modem
-*	AnyData ADU-E100A (no EV-DO mode support)
-*	Belkin F5U103
-*	Belkin F5U120
-*	e-Tek Labs Kwik232
-*	GoHubs GoCOM232
-*	Peracom single port serial adapter
-
-
-
-The
-**ubser**
-driver provides support for the BWCT console management serial adapters.
-
-
-
-The
-**uftdi**
-driver supports the following adapters:
-
-*	B&B Electronics USB-&gt;RS422/485 adapter
-*	Elexol USB MOD1 and USB MOD3
-*	HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops
-*	Inland UAS111
-*	QVS USC-1000
-*	Buffalo PC-OP-RS / Kurouto-shikou KURO-RS universal remote
-*	Prologix GPIB-USB Controller
-
-
-
-The
-**uplcom**
-driver supports the following devices and adapters:
-
-*	ADLINK ND-6530 USB-Serial Adapter
-*	Alcatel One Touch 535/735 Phone
-*	Alcor AU9720 USB-RS232 Serial Adapter
-*	AlDiga AL-11U Modem
-*	Alltronix ACM003U00 Modem
-*	Anchor Serial adapter
-*	ATEN UC-232A
-*	ATEN UC-232B
-*	BAFO BF-800 and BF-810
-*	Belkin F5U257
-*	BenQ S81 Phone
-*	Corega CG-USBRS232R Serial Adapter
-*	Cressi Edy (Seiko) Diving Computer
-*	ELECOM UC-SGT Serial Adapter
-*	HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander
-*	Hama USB RS-232 Serial Adapter
-*	Hamlet exaggerate XURS232
-*	HP LD220 Point-Of-Sale (POS) Display
-*	IOGEAR UC-232A
-*	I/O DATA USB-RSAQ, USB-RSAQ2, USB-RSAQ3 and USB-RSAQ5
-*	iTegno WM1080A GSM/GFPRS Modem
-*	iTegno WM2080A CDMA Modem
-*	Leadtek 9531 GPS
-*	Micromax 610U Modem
-*	Microsoft Palm 700WX
-*	Mobile Action MA-620 Infrared Adapter
-*	Motorola Cables
-*	Nokia CA-42 Cable
-*	OTI DKU-5 cable
-*	Panasonic TY-TP50P6-S flat screen
-*	PLX CA-42 Phone Cable
-*	PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03
-*	Prolific Generic USB-Serial Adapters
-*	Prolific Generic USB-Serial Adapters (HXN)
-*	Prolific Pharos USB-Serial Adapter
-*	Prolific USB-Serial Controller D
-*	RATOC REX-USB60
-*	Radio Shack USB Serial Cable
-*	Sagem USB-Serial Adapter
-*	Samsung I330 Phone Cradle
-*	Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)
-*	Sanwa KB-USB2 Multimeter cable
-*	Siemens/BenQ EF81, SX1, X65 and X75 Mobile Phones
-*	Sitecom USB-Serial Adapter
-*	SMART Technologies USB-Serial Adapter
-*	Sony QN3 Phone Cable
-*	Sony Ericsson Datapilot
-*	Sony Ericsson DCU-10 and DCU-11 (Susteen) USB Cables
-*	SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)
-*	Speed Dragon USB-Serial Cable
-*	Syntech CPT-8001C Barcode Scanner
-*	TDK UHA6400 and UPA9664 USB-PHS Adapters
-*	TRENDnet USB to Serial Converter (TU-S9)
-*	Tripp-Lite U209-000-R USB-Serial Adapter
-*	UIC HCR331 Magnetic Stripe Card Reader
-*	UIC MSR206 Magnetic Stripe Card Reader
-*	Willcom W-SIM DD PHS terminal.(WS002IN)
-*	YC-Cable USB-Serial Adapter
-*	Zeagle N2iTion3 Diving Computer
-
-
-
-The
-**umcs**
-driver was tested on the following adapters:
-
-*	ST Lab U-360 two-port serial USB adapter
-*	ST Lab U-400 four-port serial USB adapter
-
-
-
-The
 **umct**
 driver supports the following adapters:
 
@@ -4222,88 +4560,6 @@ driver supports the following adapters:
 *	Sitecom USB-232
 
 
-[amd64, i386] Audio Devices (man:uaudio[4] driver)
-
-
-The following devices should work with the
-**uslcom**
-driver:
-
-*	AC-Services CAN, CIS-IBUS, IBUS and OBD interfaces
-*	Aerocomm Radio
-*	AKTACOM ACE-1001 cable
-*	AMBER Wireless AMB2560
-*	Arkham DS-101 Adapter
-*	Argussoft ISP
-*	Arygon Technologies Mifare RFID Reader
-*	AVIT Research USB-TTL interface
-*	B&G H3000 Data Cable
-*	Balluff RFID reader
-*	Baltech card reader
-*	BEI USB VCP Sensor
-*	Burnside Telecom Desktop Mobile
-*	chip45.com Crumb128 module
-*	Clipsal 5000CT2, 5500PACA, 5500PCU, 560884, 5800PC, C5000CT2
-	and L51xx C-Bus Home Automation products
-*	Commander 2 EDGE(GSM) Modem
-*	Cygnal Fasttrax GPS and Debug adapter
-*	DataApex MultiCOM USB to RS232 converter
-*	Degree Controls USB adapter
-*	DekTec DTA Plus VHF/UHF Booster
-*	Dell DW700 GPS Receiver
-*	Digianswer ZigBee/802.15.4 MAC
-*	Dynastream ANT Development kits
-*	Elan USBcount50, USBscope50, USBpulse100 and USBwave12
-*	ELV USB-I2C interface
-*	EMS C1007 HF RFID controller
-*	Festo CPX-USB and CMSP interfaces
-*	Gemalto Prox-PU/CU contactless card reader
-*	Helicomm IP-Link 1220-DVM
-*	IMS USB-RS422 adapter
-*	Infinity GPS-MIC-1 Radio Monophone
-*	INSYS Modem
-*	IRZ SG-10 and MC35pu GSM/GPRS Modems
-*	Jablotron PC-60B
-*	Kamstrup M-Bus Master MultiPort 250D
-	and Optical Eye/3 wire utility meter interfaces
-*	Kyocera GPS
-*	Link Instruments MS-019 and MS-028
-	Oscilloscope/Logic Analyzer/Pattern Generators
-*	Lipowsky Baby-JTAG, Baby-LIN and HARP-1
-*	MEI CashFlow SC and Series 2000 cash acceptors
-*	MJS USB-TOSLINK Adapter
-*	MobiData GPRS USB Modems
-*	MSD DashHawk
-*	Multiplex RC adapter
-*	Optris MSpro LT Thermometer
-*	Owen AC4 USB-RS485 converter
-*	Pirelli DP-L10 SIP phone
-*	PLX CA-42 Phone cable
-*	Pololu USB to Serial
-*	Procyon AVS Mind Machine
-*	Renesas RX-Stick for RX610
-*	Siemens MC60 Cable
-*	Silicon Laboratories generic CP2101/CP2102/CP2103/CP2104/CP2105 chips
-*	Software Bisque Paramount ME
-*	SPORTident BSM7-D USB
-*	Suunto Sports Instrument
-*	Syntech CipherLab USB Barcode Scanner
-*	T-Com TC 300 SIP phone
-*	Tams Master Easy Control
-*	Telegesis ETRX2USB
-*	Timewave HamLinkUSB
-*	Tracient RFID Reader
-*	Track Systems Traqmate
-*	Vaisala USB Instrument cable
-*	VStabi Controller
-*	WAGO 750-923 USB Service Cable
-*	WaveSense Jazz Blood Glucose Meter
-*	WIENER Plein & Baus CML Data Logger, RCM Remote,
-	and PL512 and MPOD PSUs
-*	WMR RIGblaster Plug&Play and RIGtalk RT1
-*	Zephyr Bioharness
-
-
 
 The
 **uvisor**
@@ -4334,17 +4590,6 @@ driver supports the following devices:
 
 
 The
-**uvscom**
-driver supports the following adapters:
-
-*	DDI Pocket Air H" C@rd
-*	DDI Pocket Air H" C@rd 64
-*	NTT P-in
-*	NTT P-in m@ster
-
-
-
-The
 **xhci**
 driver supports
 `XHCI`
@@ -4397,9 +4642,8 @@ The driver supports the following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:
 === Bluetooth Devices
 
 
-
 The
-**ng\_ubt**
+**ng_ubt**
 driver supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with
 the Bluetooth specification v1.1, including:
 
@@ -4415,6 +4659,12 @@ the Bluetooth specification v1.1, including:
 [[crypto-accel]]
 === Cryptographic Accelerators
 
+The man:aesni[4] driver supports the AES and SHA functions of x86 processors.
+
+The man:armv8crypto[4] driver supports the AES, SHA-1, SHA-2, and finite field Arithmetic engines in processors implementing the ARMv8 Cryptograpic Extension.
+
+The **ccp** driver supports the AMD Platform Security Processor (PSP) Cryptographic Coprocessor found in AMD Ryzen devices.
+
 
 The
 **ccr**
@@ -4428,6 +4678,8 @@ based on the T6 ASIC:
 *	Chelsio T62100-CR
 
 
+The man:glxsb[4] driver supports the security block found in AMD Geode LX devices.
+
 
 The
 **hifn**
@@ -4470,6 +4722,24 @@ Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411
 > Contains a 7955 and supports symmetric and random number operations.
 
 
+The man:padlock[4] driver supports the AES/RNG/RSA/SHA-1, and SHA-2 engine found on Via Technologies C7, C3, and Eden devices.
+
+
+The
+**qat**
+driver supports the following Intel QuickAssist Technology Engines:
+
+*	Intel (R) C62x Chipset
+*	Intel (R) Atom C3000 processor product family
+*	Intel (R) QuickAssist Adapter 8960/Intel (R) QuickAssist Adapter 8970
+	(formerly known as "Lewis Hill")
+*	Intel (R) Communications Chipset 8925 to 8955 Series
+*	Intel (R) Atom P5300 processor product family
+*	Intel (R) QAT 4xxx Series
+
+
+The man:qat_c2xxx[4] driver supports the Intel QuickAssist Technology engine found on Atom C2000 devices.
+
 
 The
 **safe**
@@ -4482,6 +4752,13 @@ driver supports the following SafeXcel chips:
 	SafeNet 1741    A faster version of the 1141.
 
 
+
+The
+**safexcel**
+driver supports the cryptographic acceleration functions of the
+Inside Secure EIP-97 device found on some Marvell systems-on-chip.
+
+
 [[misc]]
 === Miscellaneous
 
@@ -4639,14 +4916,14 @@ driver provides support for the following devices:
 
 
 The current version of the
-**netfpga10g\_nf10bmac**
+**netfpga10g_nf10bmac**
 driver works with one PIO mode interface of the
 NetFPGA-10G Embedded CPU Ethernet Core version 1.00a.
 
 
 
 The following PLX/Avago/Broadcom chips are supported by the
-**ntb\_hw\_plx**
+**ntb_hw_plx**
 driver:
 
 *	PEX 8713
@@ -4660,7 +4937,7 @@ driver:
 
 
 The
-**ow\_temp**
+**ow_temp**
 driver supports the following temperature sensors:
 
 	DS1820     1-Wire Digital Thermometer  
@@ -4675,19 +4952,6 @@ The driver supports Family codes 0x10, 0x22, 0x28, and 0x3b.
 
 
 The
-**sdhci**
-driver supports different specification compatible chips.
-The following chips have been verified to work:
-
-*	ENE CB712
-*	ENE CB714
-*	RICOH R5C822
-*	RICOH R5CE823
-*	TI PCIXX21/XX11/XX12
-
-
-
-The
 **superio**
 driver supports a multitude of Super I/O controllers produced by Nuvoton,
 formerly known as Winbond, and ITE, namely:
@@ -4711,3 +4975,9 @@ formerly known as Winbond, and ITE, namely:
 *	Winbond 83687THF
 *	Winbond 83697HF/UG
 
+
+
+The
+**u2f**
+driver supports FIDO/U2F-compatible USB security keys.
+
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/relnotes.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/relnotes.adoc
index d4c6675e05..5763769b9a 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/relnotes.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/relnotes.adoc
@@ -175,25 +175,33 @@ This section lists the various Security Advisories and Errata Notices since {rel
 |29 October 2024
 |Certificate revocation list man:fetch[1] option fails
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:01.openssh.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:01.openssh]
-| 2025-01-29
-| OpenSSH Keystroke Obfuscation Bypass
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:01.openssh.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:01.openssh]
+|29 January 2025
+|OpenSSH Keystroke Obfuscation Bypass
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:02.fs.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:02.fs]
-| 2025-01-29
-| Buffer overflow in some filesystems via NFS
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:02.fs.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:02.fs]
+|29 January 2025
+|Buffer overflow in some filesystems via NFS
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:03.etcupdate.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:03.etcupdate]
-| 2025-01-29
-| Unprivileged access to system files
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:03.etcupdate.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:03.etcupdate]
+|29 January 2025
+|Unprivileged access to system files
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:04.ktrace.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:04.ktrace]
-| 2025-01-29
-| Uninitialized kernel memory disclosure via man:ktrace[2]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:04.ktrace.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:04.ktrace]
+|29 January 2025
+|Uninitialized kernel memory disclosure via man:ktrace[2]
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:05.openssh.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:05.openssh]
-| 2025-02-21
-| Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSH
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:05.openssh.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:05.openssh]
+|21 February 2025
+|Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSH
+
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:06.xz.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:06.xz]
+|02 July 2025
+|Use-after-free in multi-threaded xz decoder
+
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive.asc[FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive]
+|08 August 2025
+|Integer overflow in libarchive leading to double free
 |===
 
 [[errata]]
@@ -206,137 +214,161 @@ This section lists the various Security Advisories and Errata Notices since {rel
 | Date
 | Topic
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:15.sanitizer.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-23:15:sanitizer]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:15.sanitizer.asc[FreeBSD-EN-23:15:sanitizer]
 |01 December 2023
 |Clang sanitizer failure with ASLR enabled
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:16.openzfs.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-23:16:openzfs]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:16.openzfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-23:16:openzfs]
 |01 December 2023
 |OpenZFS data corruption
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:17.ossl.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-23:17:ossl]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:17.ossl.asc[FreeBSD-EN-23:17:ossl]
 |05 December 2023
 |man:ossl[4]'s AES-GCM implementation may give incorrect results
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:18.openzfs.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-23:18:openzfs]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:18.openzfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-23:18:openzfs]
 |05 December 2023
 |High CPU usage by ZFS kernel threads
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:19.pkgbase.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-23:19:pkgbase]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:19.pkgbase.asc[FreeBSD-EN-23:19:pkgbase]
 |05 December 2023
 |Incorrect pkgbase version number for FreeBSD {releasePrev}.
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:20.vm.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-23:20:vm]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:20.vm.asc[FreeBSD-EN-23:20:vm]
 |05 December 2023
 |Incorrect results from the kernel physical memory allocator
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:21.tty.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-23:21:tty]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:21.tty.asc[FreeBSD-EN-23:21:tty]
 |24 November 2023
 |man:tty[4] IUTF8 causes a kernel panic
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:22.vfs.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-23:22:vfs]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-23:22.vfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-23:22:vfs]
 |05 December 2023
 |ZFS snapshot directories not accessible over NFS
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:01.tzdata.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:01:tzdata]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:01.tzdata.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:01:tzdata]
 |14 February 2024
 |Timezone database information update
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:02.libutil.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:02:libutil]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:02.libutil.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:02:libutil]
 |14 February 2024
 |Login class resource limits and CPU mask bypass
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:03.kqueue.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:03:kqueue]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:03.kqueue.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:03:kqueue]
 |14 February 2024
 |man:kqueue_close[2] page fault on exit using man:rfork[2]
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:04.ip.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:04:ip]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:04.ip.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:04:ip]
 |14 February 2024
 |Kernel panic triggered by man:bind[2]
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:05.tty.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:05:tty]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:05.tty.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:05:tty]
 |28 March 2024
 |TTY Kernel Panic
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:06.wireguard.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:06:wireguard]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:06.wireguard.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:06:wireguard]
 |28 March 2024
 |Insufficient barriers in WireGuard man:if_wg[4]
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:07.clang.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:07:clang]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:07.clang.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:07:clang]
 |28 March 2024
 |Clang crash when certain optimization is enabled
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:08.kerberos.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:08:kerberos]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:08.kerberos.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:08:kerberos]
 |28 March 2024
 |Kerberos segfaults when using weak crypto
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:09.zfs.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:09:zfs]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:09.zfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:09:zfs]
 |24 April 2024
 |High CPU usage by kernel threads related to ZFS
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:10.zfs.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:10:zfs]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:10.zfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:10:zfs]
 |19 June 2024
 |Kernel memory leak in ZFS
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:11.ldns.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:11:ldns]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:11.ldns.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:11:ldns]
 |19 June 2024
 |LDNS uses nameserver commented out in resolv.conf
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:12.killpg.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:12:killpg]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:12.killpg.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:12:killpg]
 |19 June 2024
 |Lock order reversal in killpg causing livelock
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:13.libc++.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:13:libc++]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:13.libc%2B%2B.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:13:libc++]
 |19 June 2024
 |Incorrect size passed to heap allocated std::string delete
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:14.ifconfig.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:14:ifconfig]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:14.ifconfig.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:14:ifconfig]
 |07 August 2024
 |Incorrect ifconfig netmask assignment
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:15.calendar.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:15:calendar]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:15.calendar.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:15:calendar]
 |04 September 2024
 |man:cron[8] / man:periodic[8] session login
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:16.pf.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:16:pf]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:16.pf.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:16:pf]
 |19 September 2024
 |Incorrect ICMPv6 state handling in pf
 
-|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:17.pam_xdg.asc[FreeBSDS-EN-24:17:pam_xdg]
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-24:17.pam_xdg.asc[FreeBSD-EN-24:17:pam_xdg]
 |20 October 2024
 |XDG runtime directory's file descriptor leak at login
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:01.rpc.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:01.rpc]
-| 2025-01-29
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:01.rpc.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:01.rpc]
+|29 January 2025
 | NULL pointer dereference in the NFSv4 client
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:02.audit.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:02.audit]
-| 2025-01-29
-| System call auditing disabled by DTrace
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:02.audit.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:02.audit]
+|29 January 2025
+|System call auditing disabled by DTrace
+
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:03.tzdata.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:03.tzdata]
+|29 January 2025
+|Timezone database information update
+
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:04.tzdata.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:04.tzdata]
+|10 April 2025
+|Timezone database information update
+
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:05.expat.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:05.expat]
+|10 April 2025
+|Update expat to 2.7.1
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:03.tzdata.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:03.tzdata]
-| 2025-01-29
-| Timezone database information update
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:06.daemon.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:06.daemon]
+|10 April 2025
+|man:daemon[8] missing signals
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:04.tzdata.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:04.tzdata]
-| 2025-04-10
-| Timezone database information update
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:07.openssl.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:07.openssl]
+|10 April 2025
+|Update OpenSSL to 3.0.16
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:05.expat.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:05.expat]
-| 2025-04-10
-| Update expat to 2.7.1
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:08.caroot.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:08.caroot]
+|10 April 2025
+|Root certificate bundle update
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:06.daemon.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:06.daemon]
-| 2025-04-10
-| man:daemon[8] missing signals
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:09.libc.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:09:libc]
+|02 July 2025
+|Dynamically-loaded C++ libraries crashing at exit
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:07.openssl.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:07.openssl]
-| 2025-04-10
-| Update OpenSSL to 3.0.16
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:10.zfs.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:10:zfs]
+|02 July 2025
+|Corruption in ZFS replication streams from encrypted datasets
 
-| https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:08.caroot.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:08.caroot]
-| 2025-04-10
-| Root certificate bundle update
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:11.ena.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:11:ena]
+|02 July 2025
+|ena resets and kernel panic on Nitro v4 or newer instances
+
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:12:efi]
+|08 August 2025
+|man:bsdinstall[8] not copying the correct loader on systems with IA32 UEFI firmware.
+
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:13:wlan_tkip]
+|08 August 2025
+|net80211 TKIP crypto support fails for some drivers
+
+|https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route.asc[FreeBSD-EN-25:14:route]
+|08 August 2025
+|man:route[8] monitor buffers too much when redirected to a file
 |===
 
 [[userland]]
@@ -414,7 +446,8 @@ gitref:3a2ec5957ea9[repository=src]
 === Contributed Software
 
 One True Awk (man:awk[1]) has been updated to 2nd Edition, with new -csv support and UTF-8 support.
-gitref:daf917daba9c[repository=src]
+The snapshot used is 20250804.
+gitref:b45a181a74c8[repository=src]
 
 The man:sendmail[8] suite has been upgraded to version 8.18.1, addressing CVE-2023-51765.
 gitref:58ae50f31e95[repository=src]
@@ -838,6 +871,11 @@ gitref:ae3d7e27abc9[repository=src]
 [[network-general]]
 === General Network
 
+The man:ifconfig[8] utility will no longer accept assigning IP addresses to the underlying member interfaces of a man:bridge[4].
+To temporarily bypass this safeguard, use the net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs man:sysctl[8].
+This sysctl is expected to be removed in FreeBSD 16.
+gitref:b61850c4e6f6[repository=src]
+
 ARP (man:arp[4]) support for 802-standard networks has been restored; it had been accidentally removed with FDDI support.
 (This is different than the Ethernet standard encapsulation.)
 gitref:d776dd5fbd48[repository=src]
@@ -870,7 +908,7 @@ The LinuxKPI 802.11 comapt layer man:linuxkpi_wlan[4] gained support for the Gal
 
 The man:rtw88[4] driver was made to work (associate) again and a memory leak got resolved. (Sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation)
 
-Following other drivers man:iwlwififw[4] firmware was removed from the base system in favor of the ports based solution and man:fwget[8] support. (Sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation)
+Following other drivers man:iwlwififw[4] firmware was removed from the base system in favor of the ports based solution and man:fwget[8] support.  In case of updating from earlier releases, users must install the firmware packages upfront. (Sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation)
 
 [[hardware]]
 == Hardware Support
@@ -970,11 +1008,13 @@ The man:intro[5] to the File Formats manual has been revised, incorporating impr
 
 This section covers changes to the FreeBSD Ports Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and installation tools.
 
-
 A new `FreeBSD-kmods` repository is included in the default `/etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf` man:pkg[8] configuration file.
 This repository contains kernel modules compiled specifically for {releaseCurrent} rather than for the {releaseBranch} branch.
 Installing kernel modules from this repository allows drivers with unstable kernel interfaces, in particular graphics drivers, to work even when the main {releaseBranch} repository has packages build on a previous release. (gitref:a47542f71511[repository=src]).
 
+The `FreeBSD` and `FreeBSD-kmods` repositories defined in `/etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf` have been renamed to `FreeBSD-ports` and `FreeBSD-ports-kmods` respectively.
+Users who override these in `/usr/local/etc/pkg/repos` will need to adjust their configuration to match the new names.
+
 [[Installer]]
 === Installer
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/schedule.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/schedule.adoc
index 20e92835f5..fb72ef5f84 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/schedule.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/schedule.adoc
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ sidenav: download
 :localBranchHead: head
 :localBranchStable: stable/15
 :localBranchReleng: releng/15.0
-:localMailingList: current
+:localMailingList: stable
 
 include::shared/en/urls.adoc[]
 
@@ -32,22 +32,31 @@ General discussions about the pending release and known issues should be sent to
 |===
 |Action |Expected |Actual |Description
 |Initial release schedule announcement |- |7 April 2025 |Release Engineers send announcement email to developers with a rough schedule.
-|Release schedule reminder |11 July 2025 |- |Release Engineers send reminder announcement e-mail to developers with updated schedule.
-|HEAD slush begins |8 August 2025 |- |Release Engineers announce that further commits to the {localBranchHead} branch will not require explicit approval, however new features should be avoided.
-|{localBranchStable} branch |5 September 2025 |- |{localBranchStable} branch created; future release engineering proceeds on this branch.
-|ALPHA1 builds begin |5 September 2025 |- |First alpha test snapshot.
-|ALPHA2 builds begin |12 September 2025 |- |Second alpha test snapshot.
-|ALPHA3 builds begin |19 September 2025 |- |Third alpha test snapshot.
-|ALPHA4 builds begin |26 September 2025 |- |Fourth alpha test snapshot.
-|{localBranchReleng} branch |3 October 2025 |- |{localBranchReleng} branch created; future release engineering proceeds on this branch.
-|BETA1 builds begin |3 October 2025 |- |First beta test snapshot.
-|BETA2 builds begin |10 October 2025 |- |Second beta test snapshot.
-|BETA3 builds begin |17 October 2025 |- |Third beta test snapshot.
-|BETA4 builds begin |24 October 2025 |- |Fourth beta test snapshot.
-|RC1 builds begin |31 October 2025 |- |First release candidate.
-|RC2 builds begin* |7 November 2025 |- |Second release candidate.
-|RC3 builds begin* |14 November 2025 |- |Third release candidate.
-|RC4 builds begin* |21 November 2025 |- |Fourth release candidate.
+|Release schedule reminder |11 July 2025 |11 July 2025 |Release Engineers send reminder announcement e-mail to developers with updated schedule.
+|HEAD slush begins |8 August 2025 |8 August 2025 |Release Engineers announce that further commits to the {localBranchHead} branch will not require explicit approval, however new features should be avoided.
+|{localBranchStable} branch |5 September 2025 |5 September 2025 |{localBranchStable} branch created; future release engineering proceeds on this branch.
+|ALPHA1 builds begin |5 September 2025 |6 September 2025 |First alpha test snapshot.
+|ALPHA2 builds begin |12 September 2025 |14 September 2025 |Second alpha test snapshot.
+|ALPHA3 builds begin |19 September 2025 |20 September 2025 |Third alpha test snapshot.
+|ALPHA4 builds begin |26 September 2025 |26 September 2025 |Fourth alpha test snapshot.
+|ALPHA5 builds begin |3 October 2025 |4 October 2025 |Fifth alpha test snapshot.
+|{localBranchReleng} branch |[.line-through]#3 October 2025# +
+10 October 2025 |10 October 2025 |{localBranchReleng} branch created; future release engineering proceeds on this branch.
+|BETA1 builds begin |[.line-through]#3 October 2025# +
+10 October 2025 |11 October 2025 |First beta test snapshot.
+|BETA2 builds begin |[.line-through]#10 October 2025# +
+17 October 2025 |- |Second beta test snapshot.
+|BETA3 builds begin |[.line-through]#17 October 2025# +
+24 October 2025 |- |Third beta test snapshot.
+|BETA4 builds begin |[.line-through]#24 October 2025# +
+31 October 2025 |- |Fourth beta test snapshot.
+|RC1 builds begin |[.line-through]#31 October 2025# +
+7 November 2025 |- |First release candidate.
+|RC2 builds begin* |[.line-through]#7 November 2025# +
+14 November 2025 |- |Second release candidate.
+|RC3 builds begin* |[.line-through]#14 November 2025# +
+21 November 2025 |- |Third release candidate.
+|[.line-through]#RC4 builds begin# |[.line-through]#21 November 2025# |- |[.line-through]#Fourth release candidate.#
 |RELEASE builds begin |28 November 2025 |- |{localRel}-RELEASE builds begin.
 |RELEASE announcement |2 December 2025 |- |{localRel}-RELEASE press release.
 |{localRel} EoL |30 September 2026 |- |{localRel}-RELEASE no longer supported.
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/signatures.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/signatures.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cddf2b2f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/15.0R/signatures.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD 15.0 Release Checksum Signatures"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:localRel: 15.0
+:localBranchName: BETA1
+:localBranchStable: stable/15
+:localBranchReleng: releng/15.0
+:localRelSha256: ../checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA256-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1
+:localRelSha512: ../checksums/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-15.0-BETA1
+
+= FreeBSD {localRel}-{localBranchName} Release Checksum Signatures
+
+== Signed Checksum Signatures
+
+This page contains links to the PGP-signed checksum files for FreeBSD {localRel}-{localBranchName}.
+
+== Installation Image Checksums
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[.tblwide]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Architecture |`SHA512` |`SHA256`
+|amd64 (x86_64) |link:{localRelSha512}-amd64.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-amd64.asc[SHA256]
+|powerpc64 |link:{localRelSha512}-powerpc-powerpc64.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-powerpc-powerpc64.asc[SHA256]
+|powerpc64le |link:{localRelSha512}-powerpc-powerpc64le.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-powerpc-powerpc64le.asc[SHA256]
+|aarch64 |link:{localRelSha512}-arm64-aarch64.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm64-aarch64.asc[SHA256]
+|riscv64 |link:{localRelSha512}-riscv-riscv64.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-riscv-riscv64.asc[SHA256]
+|===
+
+== Virtual Machine Image Checksums
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[.tblwide]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Architecture |`SHA512` |`SHA256`
+|amd64 (x86_64) |link:{localRelSha512}-amd64-vm.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-amd64-vm.asc[SHA256]
+|aarch64 |link:{localRelSha512}-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm64-aarch64-vm.asc[SHA256]
+|riscv64 |link:{localRelSha512}-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-riscv-riscv64-vm.asc[SHA256]
+|===
+
+== SD Card Image Checksums
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[.tblwide]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Board Name |`SHA512` |`SHA256`
+|GENERICSD |link:{localRelSha512}-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.asc[SHA256]
+|PINE64 |link:{localRelSha512}-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.asc[SHA256]
+|PINE64-LTS |link:{localRelSha512}-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.asc[SHA256]
+|PINEBOOK |link:{localRelSha512}-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm64-aarch64-PINEBOOK.asc[SHA256]
+|RISCV64 |link:{localRelSha512}-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-riscv-riscv64-GENERICSD.asc[SHA256]
+|ROCK64 |link:{localRelSha512}-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm64-aarch64-ROCK64.asc[SHA256]
+|ROCKPRO64 |link:{localRelSha512}-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm64-aarch64-ROCKPRO64.asc[SHA256]
+|RPI (3/4)|link:{localRelSha512}-arm64-aarch64-RPI.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm64-aarch64-RPI.asc[SHA256]
+|RPI-B |link:{localRelSha512}-arm-armv6-RPI-B.asc[SHA512] |link:{localRelSha256}-arm-armv6-RPI-B.asc[SHA256]
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/en/releases/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/releases/_index.adoc
index 0b4662bca5..3391b5167c 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releases/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releases/_index.adoc
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ For information about branches, release dates, and estimated end-of-life (EOL) d
 === Legacy
 
 * *Release {rel135-current}* ({rel135-current-date}) _link:{u-rel135-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel135-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel135-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel135-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] : link:{u-rel135-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel135-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel135-signatures}[Signed Checksums]_
-* *Release {rel142-current}* ({rel142-current-date}) _link:{u-rel142-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel142-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel142-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel142-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] : link:{u-rel142-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel142-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel142-signatures}[Signed Checksums]_
 
 [[future]]
 == Future
@@ -44,6 +43,7 @@ The latest snapshots from our link:{handbook}cutting-edge/#stable[FreeBSD-STABLE
 
 For historical information about branches, release dates, types, and EOL dates, see link:../security/unsupported/[Unsupported Releases].
 
+* *14.2* ({rel142-current-date}) _link:{u-rel142-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel142-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel142-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel142-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] : link:{u-rel142-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel142-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel142-signatures}[Signed Checksums]_
 * *14.1* ({rel141-current-date}) _link:{u-rel141-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel141-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel141-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel141-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] : link:{u-rel141-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel141-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel141-signatures}[Signed Checksums]_
 * *14.0* ({rel140-current-date}) _link:{u-rel140-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel140-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel140-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel140-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] : link:{u-rel140-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel140-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel140-signatures}[Signed Checksums]_
 * *13.4* ({rel134-current-date}) _link:{u-rel134-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel134-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel134-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel134-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] : link:{u-rel134-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel134-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel134-signatures}[Signed Checksums]_
diff --git a/website/content/en/releng/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/releng/_index.adoc
index 7e2f3fe88e..2e0e42f6c4 100644
--- a/website/content/en/releng/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/releng/_index.adoc
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ General information about committing to -STABLE.
 |===
 |Date |Event |Information
 |December 2025 |FreeBSD 15.0 |link:../releases/15.0R/schedule/[Target Schedule]
-|March 2026 |FreeBSD 14.4 |
+|March 2026 |FreeBSD 14.4 |link:../releases/14.4R/schedule/[Target Schedule]
 |June 2026 |FreeBSD 15.1 |
 |September 2026 |FreeBSD 14.5 |
 |December 2026 |FreeBSD 15.2 |
@@ -51,10 +51,12 @@ This table lists the code freeze status for major branches of the `src/` reposit
 [cols="1,1,2,4",options="header",]
 |===
 |Branch |Status |Contact |Notes
-|`main` |Open |committers |Active development branch for 15.0-CURRENT.
+|`main` |Open |committers |Active development branch for 16.0-CURRENT.
+|`stable/15` |Open |committers |Development branch for FreeBSD 15-STABLE.
+|`releng/15.0` |Frozen |re@FreeBSD.org |FreeBSD 15.0 supported errata fix branch.
 |`stable/14` |Open |committers |Development branch for FreeBSD 14-STABLE.
 |`releng/14.3` |Frozen |security-officer@FreeBSD.org |FreeBSD 14.3 supported errata fix branch.
-|`releng/14.2` |Frozen |security-officer@FreeBSD.org |FreeBSD 14.2 supported errata fix branch.
+|`releng/14.2` |Frozen |security-officer@FreeBSD.org |FreeBSD 14.2 errata fix branch (not officially supported).
 |`releng/14.1` |Frozen |security-officer@FreeBSD.org |FreeBSD 14.1 errata fix branch (not officially supported).
 |`releng/14.0` |Frozen |security-officer@FreeBSD.org |FreeBSD 14.0 errata fix branch (not officially supported).
 |`stable/13` |Open |committers |Development branch for FreeBSD 13-STABLE.
diff --git a/website/content/en/security/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/security/_index.adoc
index 410fe97f22..5ceb6e5053 100644
--- a/website/content/en/security/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/security/_index.adoc
@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ link:unsupported[Older releases] are not supported and users are strongly encour
 |Branch |Release |Release Date |Expected EoL
 |stable/14 |n/a |n/a |November 30, 2028
 |releng/14.3 |14.3-RELEASE |June 10, 2025 |June 30, 2026
-|releng/14.2 |14.2-RELEASE |December 3, 2024 |September 30, 2025
 |stable/13 |n/a |n/a |April 30, 2026
 |releng/13.5 |13.5-RELEASE |March 11, 2025 |April 30, 2026
 |===
diff --git a/website/content/en/security/unsupported.adoc b/website/content/en/security/unsupported.adoc
index aa3ffd56e6..e8a56fbbfa 100644
--- a/website/content/en/security/unsupported.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/security/unsupported.adoc
@@ -65,4 +65,5 @@ The following releases are no longer supported but are listed here for reference
 |releng/13.4 |13.4-RELEASE |n/a |September 17, 2024 | June 30, 2025
 |releng/14.0 |14.0-RELEASE |n/a |November 20, 2023|September 30, 2024
 |releng/14.1 |14.1-RELEASE |n/a |June 4, 2024|March 31, 2025
+|releng/14.2 |14.2-RELEASE |n/a |December 3, 2024 |September 30, 2025
 |===
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/status/_index.adoc
index 604e0fd9a3..a41e5b64f9 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/_index.adoc
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ include::shared/en/urls.adoc[]
 
 = FreeBSD Status Reports
 
-== Next Quarterly Status Report submissions (April -- June) due: June 30th, 2025
+== Next Quarterly Status Report submissions (July -- September) due: September 30th, 2025
 
 If you are interested in submitting status reports or you are curious about how the publication process works, please see our link:{freebsd-status-report-process}[status report process description].
 
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ These status reports may be reproduced in whole or in part, as long as the sourc
 
 == 2025
 
+* link:report-2025-04-2025-06/[April, 2025 - June, 2025]
 * link:report-2025-01-2025-03/[January, 2025 - March, 2025]
 
 == 2024
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/doceng.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/doceng.adoc
index b60906f4a4..ebd7faba84 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/doceng.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/doceng.adoc
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ mailto:trhodes@FreeBSD.org[Tom Rhodes]'s doc commit bit was taken for safekeepin
 
 ==== FreeBSD Translations on Weblate
 
-Link: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblateurl[] +
-Link: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/url[]
+Link: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[] +
+Link: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[]
 
 ===== Q1 2024 Status
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/doceng.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/doceng.adoc
index de6a91d4f9..463f7b7ecc 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/doceng.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/doceng.adoc
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Version:	$Id:$
 
 === Documentation Engineering Team
 
-Link: link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/url[] +
-Link: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/[FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors] URL: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/url[] +
-Link: link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-doceng[Documentation Engineering Team] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-docengurl[]
+Link: link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/[] +
+Link: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/[FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors] URL: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/[] +
+Link: link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-doceng[Documentation Engineering Team] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-doceng[]
 
 Contact: FreeBSD Doceng Team <doceng@FreeBSD.org>
 
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ These are three highlighted contributions in this quarter:
 
 ==== FreeBSD Translations on Weblate
 
-Link: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblateurl[] +
-Link: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/url[]
+Link: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[] +
+Link: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[]
 
 ===== Q2 2024 Status
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/doceng.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/doceng.adoc
index 502eb77d92..5dc61a859e 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/doceng.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/doceng.adoc
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ The doceng@ team is a body to handle some of the meta-project issues associated
 
 ==== FreeBSD Translations on Weblate
 
-Link: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblateurl[] +
-Link: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/url[]
+Link: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[] +
+Link: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[]
 
 ===== Q4 2024 Status
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/doceng.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/doceng.adoc
index cceef962af..666d3c3000 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/doceng.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/doceng.adoc
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ Version:	$Id:$
 === Documentation Engineering Team
 
 Links: +
-link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/url[] +
-link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/[FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors] URL: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/url[] +
-link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-doceng[Documentation Engineering Team] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-docengurl[]
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/[] +
+link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/[FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors] URL: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-doceng[Documentation Engineering Team] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-doceng[]
 
 Contact: FreeBSD Doceng Team <doceng@FreeBSD.org>
 
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ New variables were documented for `USES=samba`:
 ==== FreeBSD Translations on Weblate
 
 Links: +
-link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblateurl[] +
-link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/url[]
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[] +
+link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[]
 
 ===== Q1 2025 Status
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/releng.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/releng.adoc
index bee620cf0c..91b07a1e1e 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/releng.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/releng.adoc
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 === FreeBSD Release Engineering Team
 
 Links: +
-link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/13.5R/announce/[FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE announcement] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/13.5/announce/[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/13.5R/announce/[FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE announcement] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/13.5R/announce/[] +
 link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/14.3R/schedule/[FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE schedule] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/14.3R/schedule/[] +
 link:https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/[FreeBSD releases] URL: link:https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/[] +
 link:https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots/ISO-IMAGES/[FreeBSD development snapshots] URL: link:https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots/ISO-IMAGES/[]
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..957bdbca16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Status Report Second Quarter 2025"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= Introduction
+:doctype: article
+:toc: macro
+:toclevels: 2
+:icons: font
+:!sectnums:
+:source-highlighter: rouge
+:experimental:
+:reports-path: content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06
+
+include::content/en/status/categories-desc.adoc[]
+
+include::{reports-path}/intro.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+toc::[]
+
+
+'''
+
+[[FreeBSD-Team-Reports]]
+== FreeBSD Team Reports
+
+{FreeBSD-Team-Reports-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/core.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/freebsd-foundation.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/releng.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/portmgr.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/bugmeister.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/srcmgr.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+[[projects]]
+== Projects
+
+{projects-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/foundation-sta.adoc[]
+
+'''
+include::{reports-path}/pkgbase-bsdinstall.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/qemu_l4b.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/sylve.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/kw-hackathon.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+[[userland]]
+== Userland
+
+{userland-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/group-changes.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/mit_krb5.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/sysctltui.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/geomman.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+[[kernel]]
+== Kernel
+
+{kernel-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/audio.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/drm-drivers.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/suspend.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/named-attributes.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/packrat.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/lkpi-wireless.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/usb-debugging.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/hfs.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+[[architectures]]
+== Architectures
+
+{architectures-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/pinephone.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+[[cloud]]
+== Cloud
+
+{cloud-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/ec2.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+[[documentation]]
+== Documentation
+
+{documentation-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/doceng.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/wiki.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/vision-accessibility.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+[[ports]]
+== Ports
+
+{ports-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/ports-security.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/openjdk.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/gcc.adoc[]
+
+'''
+
+[[third-Party-Projects]]
+== Third Party Projects
+
+{third-Party-Projects-desc}
+
+'''
+
+include::{reports-path}/cfc.adoc[]
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/audio.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/audio.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4f198e700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/audio.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+=== Audio Stack Improvements
+
+Contact: Christos Margiolis <christos@FreeBSD.org>
+
+I have been working on the audio stack since 2024Q1. Below is a list of the previous status reports:
+
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[2024Q1] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/#_audio_stack_improvements[2024Q2] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-07-2024-09/#_audio_stack_improvements[2024Q3] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-07-2024-09/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/#_audio_stack_improvements[2024Q4] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[2025Q1] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[]
+
+Important work since link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[last report]:
+
+* More man:sound[4] cleanups, fixes and improvements.
+* Committed man:sndctl[8] (previously mentioned as audio(8)).
+* Committed link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=e1bbaa71d62c8681a576f9f5bedf475c7541bd35[AFMT_FLOAT support].
+* More out-of-the-box laptop support.
+* Gave up on the `/dev/dsp` as a router device link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D49216[patch] in favor of https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50070[D50070] (includes relevant discussions).
+* Submitting series of patches to clean up the MIDI subsystem, and working on refactoring it into a generic layer, similar to PCM.
+* Gave BSDCan 2025 talk (link:https://www.bsdcan.org/2025/talks/vox-freebsd.pdf[slides]).
+
+Future work includes:
+
+* Port virtual_oss to base.
+* More bug fixes, support, optimizations and general improvements, in all areas of the sound stack.
+
+You can also follow the development process in link:https://lists.freebsd.org/subscription/freebsd-multimedia[freebsd-multimedia@], where I post regular reports.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/bugmeister.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/bugmeister.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..867bba40bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/bugmeister.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+=== Bugmeister Team
+
+Links: +
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Bugzilla[FreeBSD Bugzilla] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Bugzilla[]
+
+Contact: Bugmeister <bugmeister@FreeBSD.org>
+
+In this quarter we stayed steady-state on the PR count.
+
+Mark Linimon has held some voice chats on the FreeBSD Discord for "Bugmeister Office Hours".
+The plan is to hold them more regularly and announce them in advance.
+At the moment the schedule is Mondays at 3pm CDT (1800 UTC).
+
+We still are doing better at triaging PRs than we are generating committer attention to the ones we have triaged.
+Suggestions welcome.
+
+We have added new search queries about Maintainer Approval (applies to Attachments) and Maintainer Feedback (applies to an entire individual Problem Report).
+These queries were not easily composable from the various web forms.
+This work was funded by the FreeBSD Foundation.
+
+Please see the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Bugzilla/SearchQueries#Searches_For_Maintainer_Actions[new documentation].
+
+We used these queries to close various PRs, and also to investigate inactive maintainers.
+As of yet, we have not taken action on the latter.
+
+A problem with the setup of the upgrade to Bugzilla 5.2 has been fixed.
+Light testing shows no regressions.
+Switching to this codebase is scheduled for next quarter.
+
+link:https://github.com/linimon/patchQA[patchQA.py] still remains in beta.
+The patch application code is not up to its task and must be replaced.
+
+The other problem known with patchQA.py is that it does not know the origins of files that are installed into [.filename]#/etc# by installworld.
+
+We have created dozens of new Bugzilla accounts by user request.
+
+See also: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Bugzilla/SearchQueries[]
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/cfc.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/cfc.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5155025d6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/cfc.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+=== Chinese FreeBSD Community (CFC)
+
+link:https://bsdcn.org/[Chinese FreeBSD Community (CFC)] URL: link:https://bsdcn.org/[]
+
+The community currently comprises 316 members in the QQ group and 175 members in the WeChat group.
+
+==== Documentation Project
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/[FreeBSD-Ask Documentation Project on GitHub] URL: link:https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/[] +
+link:https://book.bsdcn.org/[FreeBSD-Ask Documentation Project] URL: link:https://book.bsdcn.org/[]
+
+It is noteworthy that all prior FreeBSD documentation has been fully translated into Chinese, including but not limited to the following materials:
+
+* _FreeBSD Release Notes (i386 or amd64)_
+* _FreeBSD Status Reports_
+* _FreeBSD Handbook_
+* _FreeBSD Porters Handbook_
+* _FreeBSD Articles_
+* _FreeBSD Architecture Handbook_
+* _Developers' Handbook_
+
+In addition, two classic works have been translated.
+
+* _A Quarter Century of Unix_
+* _The UNIX-HATERS Handbook_, an humoristic book written in 1994 about issues that some users found in the UNIX operating system.
+  It includes an anti-foreword from Dennis Ritchie, one of the authors of UNIX, which he wrote in a style similar to the one used in the handbook itself.
+
+
+==== FreeBSD-Ask
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/FreeBSD-Ask[FreeBSD-Ask on GitHub] URL: link:https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/FreeBSD-Ask[] +
+link:https://book.bsdcn.org/[FreeBSD-Ask on Website] URL: link:https://book.bsdcn.org/[]
+
+Contact: ykla <yklaxds@gmail.com> +
+Contact: Voosk <roisfrank@icloud.com>
+
+The _FreeBSD-Ask_ was initiated on 14 March 2021 by ykla from the Chinese FreeBSD Community (CFC).
+It is an open-source publication written in Simplified Chinese that aims to provide introductory knowledge about the FreeBSD operating system.
+
+Quarterly Updates
+
+* Documentation Additions:
+  ** Overview of FreeBSD Desktop Distributions
+  ** Installing package:databases/postgresql17-server[] with pgAdmin4
+  ** Migration Guide for Windows Users
+  ** FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox
+
+* Rewritten Documentation:
+  ** Games on FreeBSD (Renpy and Minecraft)
+  ** Installing package:sysutils/podman-suite[]
+  ** Installing package:x11/gnome[](to 47)
+  ** Installing package:net/rsync[]
+  ** Installing package:net/samba420[]
+  ** Graphic card drivers
+  ** Printing
+  ** Wubi Input Method(Based on package:textproc/fcitx5[] or package:textproc/ibus[])
+  ** Installing package:x11-wm/xfce4[]
+
+* Miscellaneous:
+  ** The tutorials pertaining to DragonFly BSD, OpenBSD and NetBSD have undergone comprehensive translation, updating and rewriting.
+  ** Several GitHub Actions have been added to verify that images are referenced correctly.
+  ** We now support exporting _FreeBSD-Ask_ to the ePub format.
+  ** A tutorial about the package:security/py-fail2ban[] port (utilizing man:ipfw[4], man:pf[4], and man:ipf[4]) has been submitted to the FreeBSD Journal for review.
+
+It is hoped that an increasing number of contributors will join the documentation efforts.
+The primary objective of this project is to undertake a comprehensive modernisation and rewrite of the FreeBSD Handbook with a view to promoting the development and adoption of FreeBSD.
+
+==== Ports
+
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/QQ-Port/[QQ Port on GitHub] URL: link:https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/QQ-Port/[] +
+link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=287292[Bug 287292 - [NEW PORT\] net-im/qq: consider restoring QQ port due to resumed upstream development]
+URL: https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=287292[]
+
+In the current quarter, a port was created for QQ, one of the most popular instant messaging applications currently in use in mainland China.
+The bug report remains open and has not yet been assigned any reviewers.
+
+Sponsors: Chinese FreeBSD Community (CFC)
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/core.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/core.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db7df5119e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/core.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+=== FreeBSD Core Team
+
+Contact: FreeBSD Core Team <core@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The FreeBSD Core Team is the governing body of FreeBSD.
+
+==== Project roadmap
+
+Core is collecting ideas and comments to draft Project's roadmap.
+It is an item core.13 thinks is worth to continue from core.12.
+The roadmap is not about restricting or limiting what developers and contributors can do, but about the compiled goals and expectations of the Project and things the community can collaborate on.
+It will also let the FreeBSD Foundation help the Project more effectively, so, this is an important discussion item for the meetings between core and the FreeBSD Foundation.
+
+==== Policy on generative AI created code and documentation
+
+Core is investigating setting up a policy for LLM/AI usage (including but not limited to generating code).
+The result will be added to the Contributors Guide in the doc repository.
+AI can be useful for translations (which seems faster than doing the work manually), explaining long/obscure documents, tracking down bugs, or helping to understand large code bases.
+We currently tend to not use it to generate code because of license concerns.
+The discussion continues at the core session at BSDCan 2025 developer summit, and core is still collecting feedback and working on the policy.
+
+==== Work in Progress
+
+Core is currently working on the following items:
+
+* Core and the FreeBSD Foundation are working on the 2025 edition of the Community survey
+* Privacy-friendly web analytics, proposed by the Foundation.
+  An idea is to compare traffic flows between freebsd.org and freebsdfoundation.org
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/doceng.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/doceng.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c779528f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/doceng.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+////
+Quarter:	
+Prepared by:	fernape@
+Reviewed by:	
+Last edit:	$Date$
+Version:	$Id:$
+////
+
+=== Documentation Engineering Team
+
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/[] +
+link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/[FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors] URL: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/fdp-primer/[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-doceng[Documentation Engineering Team] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/administration/#t-doceng[]
+
+Contact: FreeBSD Doceng Team <doceng@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The doceng@ team is a body to handle some of the meta-project issues associated with the FreeBSD Documentation Project; for more information, see link:https://www.freebsd.org/internal/doceng/[FreeBSD Doceng Team Charter].
+
+During the last quarter the following commit bits were taken for safekeeping:
+
+ * ale
+ * brueffer
+ * danger
+ * glewis
+ * hrs
+ * ygy
+
+Team changes:
+
+ * doceng@ welcomes ebrandi@ as a new member (lurker).
+ * carlavilla@ stepped down from doceng@.
+   doceng@ thanks him for his service.
+ * dbaio@ stepped down from doceng@.
+   doceng@ thanks him for his service.
+ * fernape@ stepped down from doceng@.
+   doceng@ thanks him for his service.
+
+==== Document changes
+
+
+ * Handbook
+  - The jails chapter has been updated
+  - The Wi-Fi information have been updated
+
+ * Website
+  - Plausible Analytics have been added to the website
+
+ * Porter's Handbook:
+  - Document Uses=gnome:gnomedesktop4
+
+Many typos have been fixed in all related documents.
+
+ * Documentation repository:
+   - Added manpages for macOS 10.12.0, 10.15.0, and 11.1
+   - Updated manpages for macOS to 15.5.0
+   - Added OpenIndiana manpages for 2013.08, 2015.10, 2020.10, 2022.10, and 2024.10
+   - Added manpages for NetBSD 9.4
+   - Added manpages for OpenBSD 7.7
+   - Updated Debian manpages to 12.11.0
+
+
+==== FreeBSD Translations on Weblate
+
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[Translate FreeBSD on Weblate] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Doc/Translation/Weblate[] +
+link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD Weblate Instance] URL: link:https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/[]
+
+===== Q2 2025 Status
+
+* 20 team languages
+* 252 registered users
+
+6 new translators joined Weblate:
+
+
+* @mohamad (fa)
+* @v.popolitov (ru)
+* @SochiByte
+* @carlosdaniel26
+* @tj (nl_NL)
+* @Natthachai043 (en)
+
+===== Languages
+
+ * Chinese (Simplified) (zh_CN)  	(progress: 7%)
+ * Chinese (Traditional) (zh_TW)  	(progress: 3%)
+ * Dutch (nl_NL)		  	(progress: 1%)
+ * French (fr_FR)		  	(progress: 1%)
+ * German (de_DE)  			(progress: 1%)
+ * Greek  				(progress: 1%)
+ * Indonesian  				(progress: 1%)
+ * Italian (it_IT)  			(progress: 4%)
+ * Korean  				(progress: 30%)
+ * Norwegian BokmĂ¥l  			(progress: 1%)
+ * Persian  				(progress: 3%)
+ * Polish  				(progress: 1%)
+ * Portuguese  				(progress: 0%)
+ * Portuguese (Brazil)  		(progress: 23%)
+ * Russian  				(progress: 37%)
+ * Spanish  				(progress: 35%)
+ * Turkish (tr_TR)  			(progress: 1%)
+
+We want to thank everyone that contributed, translating or reviewing documents.
+
+And please, help promote this effort on your local user group, we always need more volunteers.
+
+==== Packages maintained by DocEng
+
+During this quarter the following work was done in packages maintained by
+doceng@:
+
+* package:www/gohugo[]: update to 0.147.8
+
+==== Open issues
+
+There is 1 Open PRs in Bugzilla assigned to doceng@:
+
+ * 267274 Please remove the zh-CN Handbook of the current FreeBSD website
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/drm-drivers.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/drm-drivers.adoc
index 7ba18092d6..80b5451cbf 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/drm-drivers.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/drm-drivers.adoc
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ These updates target the FreeBSD 15-CURRENT development branch for now.
 Once kernel patches are accepted and the DRM drivers updates merged, we will evaluate if/how we can backport the kernel patches to earlier release branches (namely 14-STABLE).
 
 While waiting for review, we also started to work on two features which were unsupported on FreeBSD:
+
 * https://github.com/freebsd/drm-kmod/pull/357[`DMA_BUF_IOCTL_EXPORT_SYNC_FILE` and `DMA_BUF_IOCTL_IMPORT_SYNC_FILE` ioctls]
 * https://github.com/freebsd/drm-kmod/pull/358[`DRM_IOCTL_SYNCOBJ_EVENTFD` ioctl]
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/ec2.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/ec2.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80c102f219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/ec2.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+=== FreeBSD on EC2
+
+Contact: Colin Percival <cperciva@FreeBSD.org>
+
+FreeBSD is available on both amd64 (Intel and AMD) and arm64 (Graviton) EC2 instances.
+
+In the past quarter, the final bits needed for "hot plug" (and unplug) landed, allowing this to be fully functional in FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE.
+FreeBSD "AMI Builder AMIs" are now being produced as part of the FreeBSD release building process (including for 14.3-RELEASE).
+
+Sponsor: Amazon +
+Sponsor: https://www.patreon.com/cperciva
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/foundation-sta.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/foundation-sta.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..925df9e910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/foundation-sta.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+=== Infrastructure Modernization
+
+Contact: Ed Maste <emaste@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: Alice Sowerby <alice@freebsdfoundation.org>
+
+The project started in Q3 of 2024 and was commissioned by the Sovereign Tech Agency with a budget of $745,000, to be spent over about one year.
+The main goals are to improve security tools for the base system, ports, and packages, update the project's infrastructure to speed up development, enhance build security, and make it easier for new developers to get started.
+
+==== Q2 update
+
+All five work packages are now in progress and will run until the end of December 2025, at which time the project will close.
+
+==== Work Package A: Technical Debt reduction
+
+The majority of the work in this work package is complete, with a small number of hours allocated each month to help support FreeBSD Project's Source Management team to embed their new processes to make bug management easier and more sustainable.
+The bug backlog dashboard link:https://grimoire.freebsd.org[] remains available to help make the backlog easier to understand.
+
+We have also been upgrading Bugzilla by applying patches from 2023 onward and improving the upgrade process to ensure smoother future updates.
+
+A panel discussion at link:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/open-source-summit-europe/[Open Source Summit Europe] in August will share this work with a wider audience.
+Two members of the Foundation project staff will be present, along with two representatives from Bitergia who delivered the GrimoireLab implementation for this project.
+(Members of the FreeBSD Project Source Management team were not available to attend.)
+
+Progress is being made to reduce technical debt by creating an link:https://github.com/linimon/patchQA[automated method] for evaluating patches (code improvements) attached to existing pull requests for source and ports trees to see whether they are still relevant, and applying them if they are.
+This tool is in beta.
+
+==== Work Package B: Zero Trust Builds
+
+This work package intends to improve tooling and processes to support Zero Trust Builds of FreeBSD by extending the current components to enable the project to build release artifacts (package sets, ISO images, etc.) without requiring any special privilege.
+
+The detailed scope was co-created with core@, srcmgr@, secteam@. Work items are as follows:
+
+* Must
+** No-root for all source release build cases/artifacts (in progress)
+** Src artifacts to build reproducibly (in progress)
+** Formalize and document make world and release.sh (in progress)
+* Should
+** Remove privilege from orchestration tooling (not started)
+** Move build scripts into the public repository (not started)
+* Could
+** Environment Standardization (not started)
+** Ports to build reproducibly (not started)
+** CI to verify reproducibility (in progress)
+** Documentation to allow 3rd parties to confirm reproducibility (not started)
+
+===== Work Package C: CI/CD Automation
+
+This work package intends to improve CI/CD automation to streamline software delivery and operations for new and existing software by modernizing and securitizing the existing CI/CD system and extending it to cover the third party packages in the FreeBSD Ports Collection.
+
+The detailed scope was co-created with core@, srcmgr@, portmgr@, doceng@.
+
+* Must
+** Improve quality of incoming commits (completed)
+** Pre-merge CI (completed)
+** Environment Metadata (not started)
+** Extend CI to the Ports tree (in progress)
+** CI Threat Model (not started)
+** CI Management Process (in progress)
+** Documentation (not started)
+* Should
+** 3rd-party Interoperability (in progress)
+** Automated analysis in tests (in progress)
+** Test Case Management (not started)
+* Could
+** Granular Debugging (not started)
+
+===== Work Package D: Ports and Packages security improvements
+
+This work package intends to modernize and extend security controls in the FreeBSD Ports and Package Collection by:
+
+* migrating from our VuXML Vulnerability Database to OSV or similar contemporary format
+* developing a package audit backend and server to reliably fetch vulnerability data from global agency databases in any format (JSON - NIST) and produce insight
+* improving CI tooling for FreeBSD Ports.
+
+The detailed scope was co-created with core@, portmgr@, pkgmgr@, secteam@.
+
+* Must
+** New Database Format (in progress)
+** Set up 2+ Database Instances (not started)
+** Migrate Data from old to new database  (in progress)
+** Add support for new format in man:pkg[8] (in progress)
+** Upstream engagement (not started)
+** SBOM on demand (not started)
+** Document how to set up build and test targets (not started)
+** Integrate 3rd party test targets  (not started)
+** Continuous Testing (not started)
+* Could
+** Make CI artifacts available (not started)
+
+===== Work Package E: SBOM improvements
+
+This work package intends to improve existing, and implement new, tooling and processes for FreeBSD Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) by implementing: tooling to roll up the individual provenance data/markers from across the tree into a higher-level view; developing tooling to parse/review/inspect the FreeBSD source tree and produce a comprehensive/holistic report to act as a SBOM for the full software stack and; extending pkg to enable this capability for software installed from ports/packages.
+
+The detailed scope was co-created with core@, portmgr@, pkgmgr@, secteam@, releng@
+
+* Must
+** Evaluate projects/solutions available in the wider ecosystem (in progress)
+** Propose the target solution for SBOM (not started)
+** Produce an SBOM in CI (e.g. weekly builds) (in progress)
+** Produce an SBOM as an artifact as part of the release process (in progress)
+** SBOM artifact on demand (in progress)
+** Roll up existing data (not started)
+** Record and explain decisions made (not started)
+* Could
+** Engage with other similar projects (not started)
+
+Commissioning body: Sovereign Tech Agency
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/freebsd-foundation.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/freebsd-foundation.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..720712d543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/freebsd-foundation.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+=== FreeBSD Foundation
+
+Links: +
+link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/[FreeBSD Foundation] URL: link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/[] +
+link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/technology-roadmap/[Technology Roadmap] URL: link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/technology-roadmap/[] +
+link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/donate/[Donate] URL: link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/donate/[] +
+link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/our-donors/freebsd-foundation-partnership-program/[Foundation Partnership Program] URL: link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/our-donors/freebsd-foundation-partnership-program/[] +
+link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/journal/[FreeBSD Journal] URL: link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/journal/[] +
+link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/our-work/events/[Foundation Events] URL: link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/our-work/events/[]
+
+Contact: Deb Goodkin <deb@FreeBSDFoundation.org>
+
+The FreeBSD Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit dedicated to advancing FreeBSD through both technical and non-technical support.
+Funded entirely by donations, the Foundation supports software development, infrastructure, security, and collaboration efforts; organizes events and developer summits; provides educational resources; and represents the FreeBSD Project in legal matters.
+
+Here are some of the ways we supported FreeBSD in the second quarter of 2025.
+
+==== Advocacy
+
+Advocacy work in the 2nd quarter of 2025 included hosting events, launching a new series of video guides and bringing on a new Marketing Coordinator.
+Florine Kamdem brings social media, branding, and IT skills.
+She uses storytelling to craft digital campaigns that spark interest and build connection within the community.
+Read more about link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/about-us/our-team/[Florine], and check out just a few of the ways the Foundation helped advocate for FreeBSD in Q2 of 2025:
+
+* Held the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/DevSummit/202506[June 2025 FreeBSD Developer Summit] June 11-12, 2025, co-located with link:https://www.bsdcan.org/2025[BSDCan 2025].
+  Videos of the all day stream are available on the Project's https://www.youtube.com/c/FreeBSDProject[YouTube Channel], and videos of the individual talks will be available in the coming weeks.
+* Finalized our Silver Sponsorship of https://2025.eurobsdcon.org/[EuroBSDcon 2025], held in Zagreb, Croatia; September 25-28, 2025.
+  link:https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfj82hLQ8-uKrr1B6MmgnhzZj7pzMaTjA708hszSLHwDn7msA/viewform[Travel Grants] are now available.
+  The application deadline is Aug 5, 2025.
+* Provided updates and announcements about our Software Development work including:
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/the-road-to-better-wi-fi-on-freebsd/[The Road to Better Wi-Fi on FreeBSD]
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/april-2025-laptop-support-and-usability-project-update/[April 2025 Laptop Support and Usability Project Update]
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/freebsd-ports-and-packages-security-project/[FreeBSD Ports and Packages Security Project]
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/software-bill-of-materials-sbom-for-freebsd-project/[Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) for FreeBSD Project]
+* Published the following blogs and videos to help inform and educate the community:
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/the-hidden-costs-of-stagnation-why-running-eol-software-is-a-ticking-time-bomb/[The Hidden Costs of Stagnation: Why Running EOL Software is a Ticking Time Bomb]
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/how-to-unlock-high-speed-wi-fi-on-freebsd-14/[How to Unlock High Speed Wi-Fi on FreeBSD 14]
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/the-report-of-my-death-was-an-exaggeration/[The Report of My Death Was an Exaggeration]
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/zfs-automatic-snapshots-with-sanoid-on-freebsd/[ZFS automatic snapshots with Sanoid on FreeBSD]
+** link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/three-ways-to-try-freebsd-in-under-five-minutes/[Three Ways to Try FreeBSD in Under Five Minutes]
+* Published the link:https://mailchi.mp/freebsdfoundation.org/update_march25-17599148[March/April 2025] and link:https://mailchi.mp/freebsdfoundation.org/update_may25-17600084[May 2025] FreeBSD Foundation Newsletters.
+* Released the link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/our-work/journal/browser-based-edition/downstreams/[January/February/March 2025] issue of the FreeBSD Journal with HTML versions of the articles.
+
+==== OS Improvements
+
+The Foundation continued to support two major initiatives: the Laptop Support and Usability project (in collaboration with link:https://www.ql-research.com/[Quantum Leap Research]) and an <<_infrastructure_modernization,infrastructure modernization project>> commissioned by the link:https://www.sovereign.tech/[Sovereign Tech Agency].
+For background on both efforts, see the link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/#_freebsd_foundation[2025Q1 quarterly status report].
+
+Throughout the quarter, there were 536 `src`, 64 `ports`, and 41 `doc` commits that identified the FreeBSD Foundation as a sponsor.
+
+Here is a sampling of that work and other sponsored efforts:
+
+* Various improvements to libvirt's support for bhyve, including:
+** An initial port of the libvirt integration testing project, libvirt-tck, enabling test execution against libvirt's bhyve driver on FreeBSD.
+** Enhancements to the bhyve driver to improve compatibility and testability.
+** Support for virtio-rnd devices, NVRAM configuration, and extended domain usage statistics (under review).
+** Initial support for man:pf[4]-based NAT networking (under review).
+* Improved handling of tlsbase (thread-local storage) on amd64, making it more reliable across context switches and benefiting applications that manually manage TLS, such as Wine.
+* Runtime linker improvements, including support for the -z initfirst flag.
+  This addresses longstanding issues with RTLD_DEEPBIND and provides better control over symbol resolution and initialization order in dynamically linked applications.
+* Enhanced ptrace usability by enabling transient PT_ATTACH behavior.
+  This reduces friction for debugging tools and eliminates spurious EINTR errors that could interrupt or break tracing workflows.
+* kqueue introspection support by extending man:procstat[1] to report kqueue state, improving observability into how processes use kernel event notification mechanisms
+* Design and implementation of EXTERROR, a mechanism that reports extended error information to userspace, augmenting the usual errno value.
+  This enables applications to retrieve more detailed diagnostics beyond standard error codes.
+
+Other sponsored efforts are covered in separate report entries:
+
+* <<_vision_accessibility,Vision Accessibility>>
+* <<_suspendresume_improvement,Suspend/Resume Improvements>>
+* <<_linuxkpi_802_11_and_native_wireless_update,LinuxKPI 802.11 and Native Wireless Update>>
+* <<_audio_stack_improvements,Audio Stack Improvements>>
+* <<_improve_openjdk_on_freebsd,Improve OpenJDK on FreeBSD>>
+* <<_sylve_a_unified_system_management_platform_for_freebsd,Sylve -- A Unified System Management Platform for FreeBSD>>
+* <<_support_for_pkgbase_in_the_FreeBSD_installer,Support for pkgbase in the FreeBSD Installer>>
+* <<_drm_drivers,DRM drivers>>
+* <<_mit_kerberos_import_into_FreeBSD,MIT Kerberos Import into FreeBSD>>
+* <<_usb_kernel_debugging, USB Kernel Debugging>>
+* <<_bugmeister_team,Bugmeister Team>>
+
+The Foundation is managing FreeBSD's participation in the link:https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/[Google Summer of Code (GSoC)] program.
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/SummerOfCode2025Projects[Twelve projects] were accepted this year.
+
+==== Continuous Integration and Workflow Improvement
+
+As part of our continued support of the FreeBSD Project, the Foundation supports a full-time staff member dedicated to improving the Project's continuous integration system and test infrastructure.
+
+==== Legal/FreeBSD IP
+
+The Foundation owns the FreeBSD trademarks, and it is our responsibility to protect them.
+We also provide legal support for the core team to investigate questions that arise.
+
+Go to link:https://freebsdfoundation.org[] to find more about how we support FreeBSD and how we can help you!
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/gcc.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/gcc.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63383daa3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/gcc.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+=== GCC on FreeBSD
+
+Links: +
+link:https://gcc.gnu.org/[GCC Project] URL: link:https://gcc.gnu.org/[] +
+link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-12/[GCC 12 release series] URL: link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-12/[] +
+link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-13/[GCC 13 release series] URL: link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-13/[] +
+link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-14/[GCC 14 release series] URL: link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-14/[] +
+link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-11/[GCC 15 release series] URL: link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-15/[] +
+link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-11/[GCC 16 release series] URL: link:https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-16/[] +
+
+Contact: Lorenzo Salvadore <salvadore@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=281091[exp-run to update GCC default version from 13 to 14] is still suspended.
+As a reminder, it has been noticed that FreeBSD 13.4 lacks symbols that are used by GCC 14 for linking; please see https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=284499#c0 for a more detailed explanation.
+The symbols are however already present in higher FreeBSD versions.
+At the time this report is written, FreeBSD 13.4 is expected to go out of support soon (on June 30th), so it has been decided that it is preferable to suspend the exp-run until then.
+Thus it will get back on track on July 1st.
+
+Meanwhile, GCC 15 has been released.
+As usual, the new port package package:lang/gcc15[] has been created, as well as package:lang/gcc16-devel[] that tracks the latest GCC development.
+
+More bugs have been addressed.
+Bug https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=285711[285711] about issues with some CPUTYPE values has been fixed with a temporary workaround.
+The workaround will be needed until commit gitref:22e564c74eb20e14bd93fd9fdde20e38a29cfcf1[repository=src] is included in all supported FreeBSD releases.
+
+A build failure has been found on aarch64 machines, see bug link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=282797[282797].
+A fix has been found and is about to be submitted upstream.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/group-changes.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/group-changes.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01dc8f2a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/group-changes.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+=== ucred / group changes in FreeBSD 15.0
+
+Links: +
+link:https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-hackers/2025-August/004825.html[freebsd-arch@ discussion] URL: https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-hackers/2025-August/004825.html[] +
+link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/sys/sys/ucred.h?id=be1f7435ef218b1df35aebf3b90dd65ffd8bbe51[Primary kernel change] URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/sys/sys/ucred.h?id=be1f7435ef218b1df35aebf3b90dd65ffd8bbe51[] +
+link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/sys/kern/kern_prot.c?id=9da2fe96ff2ea227e4d5f03ef92b55aabeabb7fc[Primary userspace change] URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/sys/kern/kern_prot.c?id=9da2fe96ff2ea227e4d5f03ef92b55aabeabb7fc
+
+Contact: Kyle Evans <kevans@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: Olivier Certner <olce@FreeBSD.org>
+
+FreeBSD 15.0 will change how supplementary groups are handled in both userspace and the kernel in FreeBSD 15.0 in a way that warrants additional attention and feedback.
+
+For some background: FreeBSD has historically tracked the effective group-ID of a process in the man:ucred[9] cr_groups array as the first element, with the rest of the array describing its supplementary groups.
+The natural consequence of this decision is that the arrays used in man:setgroups[2] and man:getgroups[2] follow the same format, and man:setgroups[2] has the documented side effect of setting the effective group-ID.
+The vast majority of other platforms do not exhibit this behavior anymore, including NetBSD and OpenBSD.
+macOS appears to be the only exception found in testing.
+
+The problem is that the vast majority of software in the FreeBSD Ports Collection comes from other platforms, where man:setgroups[2] and man:setgroups[2] operate purely on the supplementary groups.
+This kind of a behavior difference is very subtle and would need to be audited more carefully to be sure that we have not introduced a potential security issue in ported software.
+
+In FreeBSD 15.0, the primary user-facing change is that man:setgroups[2], man:getgroups[2], and man:initgroups[3] behavior will change to match other platforms, and users are requested to be extra vigilant in areas that may be affected as we proceed through the release cycle.
+In general, the expectation is that this change may:
+
+* Fix some small number of bugs where we would have lost either our expected effective group membership or one of the supplementary groups we should have been in
+* (Less likely) Introduce some even smaller number of bugs where something expected man:setgroups[2] to change our effective group membership but now it is just a supplementary group and our effective group-ID is unchanged
+
+Software included in the base system is largely unaffected or improved by this change, with OpenSSH being a notable example of a link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=239e8c98636a7578cc67a6f9d54d14c71b095e36[strange bug] caused by the historical implementation.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/hfs.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/hfs.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94eeb173d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/hfs.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+=== Porting HFS+ to FreeBSD
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/stupendoussuperpowers/freebsd_hfs[Project Home] URL: link:https://github.com/stupendoussuperpowers/freebsd_hfs[] +
+
+Contact: Sanchit Sahay <ss19723@nyu.edu>
+
+HFS+ (Hierarchical File System) is a legacy filesystem introduced by Apple for its BSD-based XNU operating systems.
+Although HFS+ has been deprecated in favor of APFS, it is still in use on many older Apple devices, such as iPods, which rely on HFS+ volumes for storage.
+
+While many modern operating systems include native support for HFS+, FreeBSD currently offers only limited functionality via FUSE.
+This project aims to address that limitation by porting the original, now open-sourced HFS+ implementation to the FreeBSD kernel as a native filesystem driver.
+
+The primary focus of this effort is to modernize the VFS layer to align with current FreeBSD interfaces and to adapt XNU-specific logic to their FreeBSD equivalents.
+
+Features implemented:
+
+* Mount support for HFS, HFS+ Volumes
+* Read, stat support for directories and files
+* Create support for directories and files
+* mount_hfs binary
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/intro.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/intro.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76a4956e75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/intro.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Here is the second 2025 status report, with 32 entries.
+
+As for the preceding quarters, this report is published just a few days before calls for 2025Q3 report submissions are sent.
+Indeed, although according to our link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/freebsd-status-report-process/#_timeline[timeline] we should have published this report in July (general rule is publication should happen within the month just after the calls for reports are sent), we kept receiving important reports until the end of August.
+This is both a positive and a negative thing.
+On one hand, it means that our FreeBSD community is busy fixing existing issues and implementing new features, making the OS we love better and better every day; it means that the community works so intensely that very little time remains for reporting.
+On the other hand, it means that news in these reports is always two months old when published.
+Two months is not bad, especially if we consider that FreeBSD communication happens on many other channels too, but it would be nice if we could improve it.
+
+If you are a late submitter, please take some time to evaluate if there is anything you can do to improve your report submission punctuality.
+The Status Team is always glad to ease the submission process: if there is something we can do for you, just ask.
+If you are a contributor or just a FreeBSD user, please consider contributing more, if you can.
+Even working on a single small simple task is useful, it can help to lower the pressure on other developers, for whom it might thus become easier to find the time to document their work.
+
+Have a nice reading!
+
+Lorenzo Salvadore, on behalf of the Status Team.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/kw-hackathon.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/kw-hackathon.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b8aba58ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/kw-hackathon.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+=== Hackathon 202506 Kitchener-Waterloo, Canada
+
+Links: +
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Hackathon/202506[Hackathon/202506 Wiki Page] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Hackathon/202506[]
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Hackathon[FreeBSD Hackathon Wiki Page] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Hackathon[]
+
+In the week following link:https://www.bsdcan.org/2025/[BSDCan 2025], a hackathon took place in the Kitchener-Waterloo area.
+
+Thanks to Ed Maste for hosting this event at the Communitech Hub in Kitchener.
+
+==== Pictures of the hackathon
+
+Pictures of the hackathon are collected link:https://people.freebsd.org/~emaste/hackathon202506/[here].
+
+National FreeBSD day landed sometime during the hackathon, so Charlie Li treated us to a great DJ set to celebrate, mixing entirely on FreeBSD at an arcade bar in Waterloo :)
+
+==== The work done during the hackathon
+
+===== WiFi Testbed (Li-Wen Hsu)
+
+- The hardware of a proof-of-concept wireless has been set up in Foundation's Kitchener office.
+- The current setup is simple:
+    - One baremetal machine has multiple wireless interface and,
+    - One access point is also connected to the machine via a serial console and a private testing network
+- Currently we have following hardware to be passthru to bhyve VM provisioned with the image from link:https//artifact.ci.freebsd.org[Artifact server of FreeBSD CI]
+    - Intel AX210
+    - Realtek RTL8812AU
+- The work continues on connecting it to link:https//ci.freebsd.org[FreeBSD CI cluster] as a downstream job after standard tests finishes.
+
+===== Installer (Joseph Mingrone, Ed Maste, Aymeric Wibo)
+
+- Go through installer step-by-step and create the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/ImproveInstaller[Improving the Installer] wiki page with the notes we collected.
+- lualoader: Add distinct brand for installer (Make it obvious to users that the system is booting into the installer.)
+  Patch: link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D51001[]
+
+===== pkgbase (Ed Maste)
+
+- man:bsdinstall[8]: Default to pkgbase if media contains base packages
+  Patch: link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50467[]
+- man:release[7]: Add set -e to abort upon failure
+  Patch: link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50383[]
+
+===== Landing scheduler run queue patches (Olivier Certner)
+
+- Land all scheduler runqueue patches.
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D45387[D45387]
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D45388[D45388]
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D45389[D45389]
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D45390[D45390]
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D45391[D45391]
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D45392[D45392]
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D46566[D46566]
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D46567[D46567]
+* link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50880[D50880]
+
+
+===== Capsicum (Ed Maste)
+
+- Improvements to the man:capsicum[4] manpage.
+  Patches: link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50855[], gitref:ce65ff203a4f7ce59c8782f87d90a657f7ccbc46[repository=src]
+- Capsicumize man:beep[1] to serve as an easy example of Capsicum.
+  Patches: link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50709[]
+
+===== s2idle/S0ix/USB4 (Aymeric Wibo, Sheng-Yi Hung)
+
+- Fix some more USB4 driver panics.
+- Discuss how s2idle should work w.r.t. the scheduler with Olivier & Mark, and temporarily implement "idle" state for the scheduler (where it just always chooses the idle thread).
+- Extend amdgpio driver to service all GPIO interrupts (requirement for S0i3 on AMD).
+  We were also looking into how we can consume GPIO interrupts in device drivers on x86 for stuff like reducing the latency of the Framework trackpad with Sheng-Yi.
+- Implement some more S0i3 debugging features for AMD to help us debug why we would not be entering S0i3.
+
+===== Ports (Joseph Mingrone)
+
+- [.filename]#Mk/Scripts/qa.sh#: Fix false positives in LIB_DEPENDS warnings
+  Patch: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50860[]
+- package:editors/emacs-devel[]: Update to 2025-06-17 snapshot
+  Patch: gitref:4170f65753805c08842bd6b200efd8d5ae20d464[repository=ports]
+
+===== Miscellaneous (Ed Maste, Olivier Certner, Sheng-Yi Hung, Li-Wen Hsu)
+
+- Enable sccache support as an alternative to ccache when building (through `WITH_CCACHE_BUILD` environment variable).
+  Commit: gitref:10cb3979a9bde6c8e441e3ba4aa5fd09963c484f[repository=src]
+- Discussion on the CPPC implementation (Sheng-Yi, Olivier), see in particular https://reviews.freebsd.org/D49587[D49587].
+- Other various fixes.
+  Patches: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50876[D50876], gitref:956100d60fa86daebc1bd46ea62f207f6b54d93d[repository=src], gitref:fc77abfd1e62751b0c76cd5d8ef3299b8ca398c6[repository=src], https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50938[D50938], gitref:6d8cfd29d477c64376b3e286946cddb93c7373c5[repository=src], gitref:4f33d073003ccd91390709e14e5c1bf1f0c1c85c[repository=src]
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/lkpi-wireless.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/lkpi-wireless.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c36d29c290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/lkpi-wireless.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+=== LinuxKPI 802.11 and Native Wireless Update
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/33[802.11ac support] URL:link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/33[] +
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/64[LinuxKPI TKIP and GCMP support] URL:link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/64[] +
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/58[LinuxKPI wireless suspend and resume] URL:link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/58[] +
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/66[MediaTek mt76 PCI driver support] URL:link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/66[] +
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/34[802.11ax support] URL:link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/34[] +
+link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/79[net80211 updates] URL:link:https://github.com/FreeBSDFoundation/proj-laptop/issues/79[] +
+link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/showdependencytree.cgi?id=277512&hide_resolved=1[Tracked wireless PRs] URL:link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/showdependencytree.cgi?id=277512&hide_resolved=1[]
+
+Contact: Bjoern A. Zeeb <bz@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: The FreeBSD wireless mailing list <wireless@FreeBSD.org>
+
+This report focuses on the efforts using permissively licensed Linux wireless drivers, mostly unmodified, on FreeBSD, as well as preparing the native net80211 stack for support of newer standards.
+
+As announced man:iwlwififw[4] was removed from the source tree in favor of a ports/package based solution.
+Users are asked to use man:fwget[8] to automatically install the firmware along with any possible configuration.
+
+Support for man:wlan_tkip[4] was added to man:linuxkpi[4] but has to be manually enabled.
+man:wlan_gcmp[4] support for man:linuxkpi[4] followed later and is available from FreeBSD 15 onward.
+
+FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE is the first release with VHT (802.11ac) support available.
+Modern man:iwlwifi[4] chipsets are supported.
+There was some fallout after the release and a few open problems, but also a lot of positive feedback.
+
+man:rtw88[4] saw a fix for a NULL pointer in the driver and is now starting to be usable.
+Thanks to everyone who helped track this down and test patches along the way.
+
+Work on suspend and resume for LinuxKPI-based wireless drivers was picked up again, and we are getting closer to a working solution (at least for suspend it now exists).
+
+Work is also ongoing for Mediatek mt76-based PCIe card support.
+
+HE (802.11ax) definitions were migrated from man:linuxkpi[4] to native net80211 code and corrected.
+man:ifconfig[8] was enhanced parsing more information elements to aid debugging.
+Work is in progress to fix a problem with reporting signal strength and dealing with RSSI.
+
+Further fixes to LinuxKPI and resolving the problems we worked around by improving native net80211 code are in the works.
+
+Lastly, various man pages were improved or written.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/mit_krb5.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/mit_krb5.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce35806c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/mit_krb5.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== MIT Kerberos Import into FreeBSD
+
+Contact: Cy Schubert <cy@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The FreeBSD Foundation was approached to import MIT KRB5 into FreeBSD with the intent to replace our aging Heimdal.
+
+The Enterprise Working Group made a request to the Foundation to replace Heimdal with MIT KRB5.
+
+This is the first report for this project.
+
+Tasks completed:
+
+* MIT KRB5 has been imported into FreeBSD 15-CURRENT.
+* The WITH_MITKRB5 option is disabled until a successful ports exp-run is complete.
+
+Additional remaining tasks:
+
+* Fix port build errors identified by a ports exp-run.
+* Produce a writeup of the new Kerberos.
+* Determine if migration of the Heimdal database to an MIT database is possible.
+  (At the moment this appears unlikely due to the age of our ancient Heimdal and the lack of support for old crypto in newer Heimdal MIT).
+* Produce Heimdal Kerberos database to MIT database migration documentation (if possible).
+* (Optional) Develop and discuss the import and migration options at the next BSDCan.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/openjdk.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/openjdk.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edb7444b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/openjdk.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== Improve OpenJDK on FreeBSD
+
+Links: +
+link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/project/improving-openjdk-on-freebsd/[Project description] URL: https://freebsdfoundation.org/project/improving-openjdk-on-freebsd/[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/openjdk[Project repository] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/openjdk[]
+
+Contact: +
+Harald Eilertsen <haraldei@freebsdfoundation.org> +
+FreeBSD Java mailing list <freebsd-java@lists.freebsd.org>
+
+The goal of this project is to improve OpenJDK support for FreeBSD/amd64 and FreeBSD/arm64.
+
+Java is an important runtime environment for many high performance, critical enterprise systems.
+Making sure Java based applications run correctly and efficiently on FreeBSD is important to ensure that FreeBSD will continue to be a viable and attractive platform for enterprises, as well as businesses and organizations of all sizes.
+
+In this quarter the following issues/milestones were reached:
+
+* The OpenJDK 24 port https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=5fc04e4b900f974d5d334b1165668bddc90a86f6[was updated to OpenJDK 24.0.1] at the beginning of the quarter, soon after it was released by upstream.
+* A https://github.com/freebsd/openjdk/commit/de1b86fcc3dd2469240bbe0774d865fa6cd0d185[recurring issue with the PPC ports] was fixed (thanks to mailto:pkubaj@FreeBSD.org[Piotr Kubaj]).
+* A new way of bootstrapping OpenJDK ports https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50349[was suggested and discussed] – this is a prerequisite to get the FreeBSD port integrated into the OpenJDK CI environment.
+* A https://github.com/openjdk/jtreg/pull/262[CI job for building and testing] the jtreg test harness for FreeBSD was integrated using GitHub Actions - in part to get familiar with the CI framework used by OpenJDK projects, but also to make sure the test harness builds and works on FreeBSD.
+
+In addition, a lot of time was spent cleaning up and refactoring the BSD port for Aarch64, fixing various issues and working towards making the BSD port up to date with the OpenJDK mainline.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/packrat.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/packrat.adoc
index f496bccc9c..fdace6f6e9 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/packrat.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/packrat.adoc
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-=== Packrat - NFS client caching on non-volatile storage
+=== Packrat -- NFS client caching on non-volatile storage
 
 Contact: Rick Macklem <rmacklem@freebsd.org>
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/pkgbase-bsdinstall.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/pkgbase-bsdinstall.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..764f99721a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/pkgbase-bsdinstall.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=== Support for pkgbase in the FreeBSD installer
+
+Contact: Isaac Freund <ifreund@freebsdfoundation.org>
+
+The FreeBSD installer now supports installing a link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/PkgBase[pkgbase] system.
+
+Recent FreeBSD 15.0 snapshots have a new dialog in the installer that allows the user to fetch and install packages from pkg.freebsd.org instead of using the legacy distribution sets.
+
+There is also support in the build system to build FreeBSD installation media with offline pkgbase packages included, enabling fully offline installation of a pkgbase system.
+These offline pkgbase packages are not yet included in 15.0 snapshot release installation however, as including both the offline legacy distribution sets and pkgbase packages would significantly increase the size of the installation media.
+There is however a `-DPKGBASE` build-time switch ready to be flipped by the FreeBSD Release Engineering team, hopefully in the near future.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/portmgr.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/portmgr.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..553bf8a9a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/portmgr.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+=== Ports Collection
+
+Links: +
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/[About FreeBSD Ports] URL:link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/[] +
+link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/contributing/#ports-contributing[Contributing to Ports] URL: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/contributing/#ports-contributing[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/portmgr/[Ports Management Team] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/portmgr/[] +
+link:http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/ports/[Ports Tarball] URL: link:http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/ports/[]
+
+Contact: Tobias C. Berner <portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: FreeBSD Ports Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The Ports Management Team is responsible for overseeing the overall direction of the Ports Tree, building packages, and personnel matters.
+Below is what happened in the last quarter.
+
+During the last quarter, we welcomed Ă„lven (alven@) and JesĂºs Daniel Colmenares Oviedo (dtxdf@) as new ports committers, and said goodbye to one committer.
+
+According to INDEX, there are currently 36,605 (up from 36,450) ports in the Ports Collection.
+There are currently about 3,330 (down from 3,333) open ports PRs, of which 832 are unassigned.
+The last quarter saw 10,294 (down from 10,733) commits by 157 (down from 158) committers on the main branch and 770 (up from 707) commits by 56 (up from 54) committers on the 2025Q2 branch.
+
+The most active committers to main were:
+
+- 3541 sunpoet@FreeBSD.org
+- 503 yuri@FreeBSD.org
+- 439 vvd@FreeBSD.org
+- 345 bofh@FreeBSD.org
+- 315 rene@FreeBSD.org
+- 301 arrowd@FreeBSD.org
+- 240 tagattie@FreeBSD.org
+- 240 jbeich@FreeBSD.org
+- 183 diizzy@FreeBSD.org
+- 178 bapt@FreeBSD.org
+
+A lot has happened in the ports tree in the last three months, an excerpt of the major software upgrades are:
+
+- pkg 2.2.1
+- Default version of Go switched to 1.24
+- Default version of Lazarus (non-aarch64) switched to 4.0
+- Default version of Linux (non-i386) switched to Rocky Linux 9 (rl9)
+- Default version of Perl switched to 5.40
+- Default version of PostgreSQL switched to 17
+- Default version of Ruby switched to 3.3
+- Chromium 137.0.7151.119
+- Electron 35.* and 36.*
+- Firefox 140.0.2
+- Firefox-esr 128.12.0
+- Gnome 47
+- KDE Plasma 6.4.1
+- KDE Framework 6.15.0
+- Qt6 6.9.1
+- Ruby 3.2.8, 3.3.8, 3.4.4 (new), and 3.5.0-preview1 (new)
+- Rust 1.87.0
+- SDL 2.32.8 and 3.2.16
+- Sway 1.11
+- wlroots 0.19.0 (new)
+- Xorg server 21.1.18
+
+During the last quarter, pkgmgr@ ran 22 exp-runs to test infrastructure changes and various ports upgrades.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/ports-security.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/ports-security.adoc
index 8fb04f26d6..eba18d298d 100644
--- a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/ports-security.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/ports-security.adoc
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ As not all ports are compatible with them, this is not enabled by default.
 
 The 3 new features which can be enabled for the Ports Collection in [.filename]#make.conf# are:
 
-- WITH_FORTIFY=yes::
+- WITH_FORTIFY=yes:
 This enables mitigations of common memory safety issues, such as buffer overflows, by adding checks to functions like memcpy, strcpy, sprintf, and others when the compiler can determine the size of the destination buffer at compile time.
 This requires support from the FreeBSD base system and may only be available in FreeBSD 15 onwards.
-WITH_STACK_AUTOINIT=yes::
+- WITH_STACK_AUTOINIT=yes:
 This enables a compiler specific option to automatically initialize local (automatic) variables to prevent the use of uninitialized memory.
-WITH_ZEROREGS=yes::
+- WITH_ZEROREGS=yes:
 Zero call-used registers at function return to increase program security by either mitigating Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) attacks or preventing information leakage through registers.
 This depends upon support from the compiler for a given architecture.
 This is disabled for python ports; currently there are issues.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/releng.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/releng.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2ae77fc12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/releng.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+=== FreeBSD Release Engineering Team
+
+Links: +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/14.3R/announce/[FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE announcement] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/14.3R/announce/[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/15.0R/schedule/[FreeBSD 15.0-RELEASE schedule] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/15.0R/schedule/[] +
+link:https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/[FreeBSD releases] URL: link:https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/[] +
+link:https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots/ISO-IMAGES/[FreeBSD development snapshots] URL: link:https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots/ISO-IMAGES/[]
+
+Contact: FreeBSD Release Engineering Team, <re@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team is responsible for setting and publishing release schedules for official project releases of FreeBSD, announcing code freezes and maintaining the respective branches, among other things.
+
+The Team managed 14.3-RELEASE, leading to the official RELEASE build and announcement in June.
+Planning has started for the upcoming 15.0-RELEASE, which is due to arrive in December.
+
+The OCI Container Images built by the Release Engineering Team are now being uploaded to Docker and GitHub repositories in addition to being available on the FreeBSD download site.
+
+The Team gained a new member, mailto:jfree@FreeBSD.org[Jake Freeland], and three members have departed: mailto:kib@FreeBSD.org[Konstantin Belousov], mailto:jhixson@FreeBSD.org[John Hixson], mailto:dfr@FreeBSD.org[Doug Rabson].
+We thank them for their contributions.
+
+The Release Engineering Team continued providing weekly development snapshot builds for the *main*, *stable/14*, and *stable/13* branches.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/srcmgr.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/srcmgr.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc52d85021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/srcmgr.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+=== Source Management Team
+
+Contact: srcmgr <srcmgr@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The srcmgr@ team aims to make src developers more productive, and works to manage the large number of bug reports, pull requests and code reviews that we receive.
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/meetings/tree/master/srcmgr[Meeting minutes] are available on GitHub.
+
+We held a bug-busting session on 2025-05-23 with about 10 attendees.
+
+Members of srcmgr@ gave a link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/DevSummit/202506?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=srcmgr+happenings.pdf[presentation] at the 2025 FreeBSD developer summit in Ottawa.
+
+Per the discussion at the developer summit, the i386 and 32-bit powerpc targets have been disconnected from the build.
+
+To help ensure continuity of the team, we introduced a "lurkers" program which lets src committers participate in bi-weekly srcmgr meetings, giving developers an opportunity to decide whether they are interested in officially joining srcmgr@ without taking on any specific obligations.
+After soliciting interested developers, we have five lurkers who have been joining calls over the past couple of months:
+
+- Jake Freeland <jfree@FreeBSD.org>
+- Olivier Certner <olce@FreeBSD.org>
+- Dag-Erling Smørgrav <des@FreeBSD.org>
+- Bojan Novković <bnovkov@FreeBSD.org>
+- Kyle Evans <kevans@FreeBSD.org>
+
+Aside from participating in discussions, they have been working on src development tasks -- especially in preparation for FreeBSD 15.0 -- and topics such as monitoring stale Phabricator reviews, performance regression tracking, and using git notes to track certain types of commit metadata.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/suspend.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/suspend.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fef7c63a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/suspend.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+=== Suspend/Resume Improvement
+
+Links: +
+link:https://obiw.ac/s0ix/[Blog] URL: link:https://obiw.ac/s0ix/[] +
+link:https://youtu.be/mBxj_EkAzV0[FOSDEM talk on s2idle/S0ix] URL: https://youtu.be/mBxj_EkAzV0[] +
+link:https://github.com/obiwac/freebsd-s0ix/tree/everything[Working Repo] URL: link:https://github.com/obiwac/freebsd-s0ix/tree/everything[] +
+link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D48721[Tip of the s2idle/S0ix + AMD SMU stack] URL: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D48721[] +
+link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D49453[USB4 suspend stack] URL: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D49453[]
+
+Contact: obiwac <obiwac@FreeBSD.org>
+
+Suspend-to-idle and support for S0ix sleep is in the process of being added to FreeBSD.
+
+This will allow modern Intel and AMD laptops (e.g. AMD and newer Intel Framework laptops), some of which do not support ACPI S3 sleep, to enter low power states to increase battery life.
+
+The USB4 driver (which was a dependency to S0i3 entry) has been updated to allow for the sleep routines, and all CPUs are now entering C3 during s2idle.
+Scheduler work is needed to ensure CPUs stay in C3 and do not get work scheduled to them, but a prototype solution exists and is working.
+This means that S0i3 can now be entered on the Framework 13 AMD Ryzen 7040 series laptops, albeit only on my working 14.1 branch.
+This does not work on -CURRENT yet.
+
+The amdgpio driver (for the AMD GPIO controller) has been extended to service all GPIO interrupts and suspend the controller, as that was potentially a blocker for the CPU to enter S0i3.
+Nothing is being done with these GPIO interrupts at the moment as FreeBSD does not have the infrastructure for device drivers to register these interrupts on x86 yet.
+
+The SMU idlemask is also now being exported as a sysctl now (dev.amdsmu.0.idlemask), the value of which is not documented and is mostly to help AMD debug issues with S0i3 entry on FreeBSD on their side.
+
+A pre-built image is being built to aid in easily testing S0i3 entry on machines.
+
+With respect to the links, the blog post entry is outdated.
+A talk was given about this at BSDCan 2025 too, but it has yet to be uploaded as a standalone video; it will be included in the next status report.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/sylve.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/sylve.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51553bc833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/sylve.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+=== Sylve -- A Unified System Management Platform for FreeBSD
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/AlchemillaHQ/Sylve[GitHub] URL: link:https://github.com/AlchemillaHQ/Sylve[] +
+link:https://sylve-ci.alchemilla.io[CI] URL: link:https://sylve-ci.alchemilla.io[] +
+link:https://discord.gg/bJB826JvXK[Discord] URL: link:https://discord.gg/bJB826JvXK[]
+
+Contact: Hayzam Sherif <hayzam@alchemilla.io>
+
+Sylve is a modern, unified system management platform for FreeBSD, inspired by Proxmox.
+We aim to provide an integrated web interface for managing virtual machines (via Bhyve), Jails, ZFS storage, networking, and firewalling.
+The backend is implemented in Go, while the frontend uses SvelteKit with Tailwind CSS and ShadCN UI components.
+
+The project emphasizes a minimal system footprint, currently requiring only package:sysutils/smartmontools[], package:sysutils/tmux[], and package:libvirt[] as runtime dependencies.
+
+Sylve continues to address a key gap in the FreeBSD ecosystem by delivering a cohesive, user-friendly interface for system administration tasks.
+
+==== Q2 Progress Highlights
+
+===== Dashboard
+
+Added dynamic charts to the main summary page, including real-time visualization of CPU usage, RAM usage, and network throughput.
+
+===== Networking
+
+Interfaces can now be viewed in detail through the UI, with all relevant metadata presented in a structured format.
+
+Users can also create "switches" -- simple layer 2 switches built on top of FreeBSD bridge interfaces.
+
+===== Storage
+
+ZFS integration is nearing completion.
+Users can now:
+
+* Create and destroy pools, filesystems, volumes, and snapshots.
+* Delete multiple datasets at once.
+* Schedule automatic (timed) snapshots.
+
+Initial dashboard work for ZFS monitoring has started, with further enhancements planned in Q3.
+
+===== Utilities
+
+A built-in downloader was introduced that supports both HTTP and magnet links.
+This is especially useful for fetching ISO images or VM templates directly through the interface.
+
+===== Virtual Machines
+
+VM creation and deletion with Bhyve is now supported.
+
+Key features include:
+
+* CPU pinning.
+* Web-based VNC console access.
+* PCI passthrough for devices.
+* Basic CPU and RAM usage charts for each VM.
+
+A new runtime dependency on `libvirtd` has been added to support VM lifecycle operations.
+
+==== Planned for Q3
+
+* Polish and stabilize current functionality.
+* Ability to edit VMs.
+* Expand charting and add a basic notification system to detect hardware or service failures.
+* Implement UI and API support for managing Jails.
+* Extend networking features:
+** More switch/bridge types.
+** Firewall rule configuration.
+** DHCP support via package:dns/dnsmasq[] or similar (for VMs).
+** WireGuard VPN integration.
+
+Contributions, testing, and feedback are very welcome.
+If you are interested in contributing, consider helping with:
+
+* UI testing and accessibility feedback.
+* Bug reports and feature requests via GitHub.
+
+Sponsor: FreeBSD Foundation and Alchemilla (development and infrastructure support)
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/sysctltui.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/sysctltui.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb0ed9ef05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/sysctltui.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+=== SysctlTui
+
+Link: +
+link:https://gitlab.com/alfix/sysctltui[Project Repository] URL: link:https://gitlab.com/alfix/sysctltui[]
+
+Contact: Alfonso Sabato Siciliano <asiciliano@FreeBSD.org>
+
+SysctlTUI is an interactive text user interface (TUI) utility for exploring and managing man:sysctl[3] parameters.
+It presents the sysctl Management Information Base (MIB) as a hierarchical and navigable tree, enabling users to:
+
+- Browse metadata for each kernel parameter.
+- Retrieve and display current values.
+- Modify parameters interactively from within the interface.
+
+The UI consists of three panels: a tree view of the MIB hierarchy, a detail panel showing metadata, and a value editor.
+Pressing the F1 key opens a help dialog explaining:
+
+- When the MIB is built.
+- When values are retrieved or updated.
+- A link to an online guide for getting started with sysctl, including guidance on interpreting and using the displayed data.
+
+Although still in early development (currently at version 0.0.2), SysctlTUI already offers functionality comparable to tools like package:sysutils/nsysctl[] and package:deskutils/sysctlview[].
+A manual page is included, with suggestions to make the output similar to man:sysctl[8] or man:nsysctl[8].
+The ToDo list outlining plans for enhancements like configuration file integration and subtree sorting by names.
+
+SysctlTUI is open source and available via the FreeBSD Ports Collection: package:sysutils/sysctltui[].
+Note: TUIs are a known accessibility issue, as they are not usable with most screen readers.
+Users who access FreeBSD using a screen reader can use the package:sysutils/nsysctl[] package instead.
+It is a command line utility that provides the same information as SysctlTUI, since both tools use the same underlying kernel interface.
+
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/usb-debugging.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/usb-debugging.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a047cdbcce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/usb-debugging.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+=== USB Kernel Debugging
+
+Contact: Tom Jones <thj@FreeBSD.org>
+
+XHCI USB controllers offer a mode which allows them to be used as a system debugging interface.
+XHCI debug uses a special USB 3 cable with VBUS, D+ and D- disconnected.
+The feature can be used to live debug the FreeBSD kernel, enabling investigation of issues which cause the system video console to lock up and there is not an alternative such as a serial console.
+This can happen when debugging issues with graphics drivers.
+
+mailto:hrs@FreeBSD.org[Hiroki Sato] developed support for the XHCI debug interface and made it available as some in progress git branches.
+This implementation enables FreeBSD to operate as both a Debug Host and a Debug Target, with support for debugging from the loader through to the kernel.
+
+I have been updating and testing this support along with mailto:mhorne@FreeBSD.org[Mitchell Horne] and together we have a WIP branch which applies to FreeBSD main.
+We are currently tidying up interfaces and testing for stability with the goal of introducing XHCI debug once 16 is branched.
+
+In doing the XHCI debug work I rediscovered a second form of kernel debugging implemented by Hans Petter Selasky (hselasky@) in 2009.
+The FreeBSD USB stack supports using a USB serial device as a system console and includes support to continue polling the interface once the system has entered the debugger (such as during a panic).
+USB Serial debugging allows a developer with two commodity USB serial interfaces to connect to a FreeBSD target and debug the kernel.
+USB Serial debugging is available in all FreeBSD releases in FreeBSD 9, but changes in the kernel build process mean that it is not detected in modern kernels.
+
+In this quarter I have been working on documentation required to use this interface and changes to make it available in GENERIC kernels for newer FreeBSD releases.
+
+A core part of this work has been trying to document kernel debugging interfaces.
+If you use live debug interfaces other than serial or network debugging please get in touch so I can add these to the FreeBSD Developers Handbook.
+
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/vision-accessibility.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/vision-accessibility.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61b5e52ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/vision-accessibility.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=== Vision Accessibility
+
+Link: +
+link:https://gitlab.com/alfix/freebsd-accessibility[Project Repository] URL: link:https://gitlab.com/alfix/freebsd-accessibility[]
+
+Contact: FreeBSD Accessibility mailing list <freebsd-accessibility@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: Alfonso Sabato Siciliano <asiciliano@FreeBSD.org>
+
+This quarter, the review for the FreeBSD Accessibility Handbook was submitted and is available at: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50894.
+The review includes a link to an HTML preview.
+
+The handbook aims to document assistive technologies for vision accessibility available in FreeBSD, covering both the BASE system and the Ports Collection.
+It is divided into two parts and contains six chapters:
+
+. Help -- Covers how to request assistance effectively through appropriate FreeBSD communication channels.
+. Virtual Terminal -- Documents vision-related accessibility features of the FreeBSD console (man:vt[4]).
+. Colors -- Explains how to configure color schemes, including high-contrast themes and adjusting screen colors for ambient lighting.
+. Low Vision -- Outlines accessibility tools in graphical desktop environments for users with low vision, such as screen magnifiers, readable fonts, and scaling.
+. Blindness -- Describes assistive technologies for blind users, focusing primarily on screen readers and compatible tools.
+. Development -- Provides resources for developers to make their software accessible, test accessibility, and improve support for users with visual impairments.
+
+The handbook deliberately avoids images and minimizes non-plain-text elements to enhance compatibility with assistive technologies.
+Tips and new ideas are welcome.
+If possible, send reports to the FreeBSD Accessibility mailing list, to share and to track discussions in a public place.
+
+Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/wiki.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/wiki.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5012c0778a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/wiki.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+=== FreeBSD Wiki
+
+Links: +
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/FrontPage[FreeBSD wiki front page] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/FrontPage[]
+
+Contact: Mark Linimon <linimon@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: Wiki admin <wiki-admin@FreeBSD.org>
+
+Since the last status report, several people have expressed an interest in bringing the wiki up to the level it ought to be.
+
+The ongoing discussions (mostly taking place on the FreeBSD Discord) are concerned with the topics of:
+
+- Defining what content we consider useful.
+- Ensuring that the useful content is kept current.
+- Figuring out a way to keep obsolete content away from search engines.
+- Add basic analytics to existing site to see what pages, if any,are actually being accessed.
+- Decide on whether MoinMoin can still be useful for purpose in the short-term while we consider the longer-term needs listed above.
+
+We do not yet have consensus on these issues.
+
+Please join us on the FreeBSD Discord #documentation under the #wiki subthread.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/ACPI.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/ACPI.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14a2f67524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/ACPI.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+=== ACPI Lua Bindings
+
+Links: +
+link:https://www.github.com/kpowkitty/freebsd-src[Github] URL: link:https://www.github.com/kpowkitty/freebsd-src[] +
+link:https://www.github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1740[PR: libsa: Add isprint()] URL: link:https://www.github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1740[] +
+link:https://www.github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1843[PR: loader: Move ACPI RSDP detection] URL: link:https://www.github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1843[] +
+link:https://www.github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1818[PR: efi: Create libacpi] URL: link:https://www.github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1818[] +
+link:https://www.github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1819[PR: liblua: ACPICA Lua bindings] URL: link:https://www.github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1819[]
+
+Contact: Kayla Powell (AKA Kat) <kpowkitty@FreeBSD.org> +
+Mentor: Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
+
+==== Introduction
+
+For Google Summer of Code 2025, I have been working on a project under mailto:imp@FreeBSD.org[Warner Losh] for ACPI Lua Bindings.
+ACPI (Advanced Power and Configuration Interface) is an interface for managing power in the OS, rather than in the BIOS.
+The goal is to expose ACPI to Lua in the loader for amd64 platforms, with future arm64 support.
+
+==== Outcomes
+
+* Lua is a much simpler, higher level scripting language that enables faster development.
+* It reduces ACPI-related guesswork in the bootloader.
+* It allows users to query and manipulate ACPI data before the kernel is entered, giving them control over loader-time configuration.
+
+==== Remarks
+
+If there are any specialized use cases for ACPI in the loader that my interface does not aid in, please reach out to me, and I will see what I can do.
+For now, this is the interface that I will be committing to the tree for GSoC, so while any extra work will have to come afterwards, I am interested in it (and encourage it).
+
+==== Current status
+
+* Completed:
+** ACPICA initialized in loader for amd64
+*** [.filename]#OsdMemory.c#
+*** [.filename]#osunixxf.c#
+*** AcpiInitializeSubsystem
+*** AcpiInitializeTables
+*** AcpiEnableSubsystem (in reduced hardware mode, with events enabled)
+*** AcpiLoadTables
+*** AcpiWalkNamespace
+*** AcpiEvaluateObject
+*** AcpiAttachData
+*** AcpiGetData
+*** AcpiDetachData
+** Lua bindings
+*** [.filename]#lacpi_walk.c#
+**** Users can walk and read nodes on the namespace
+*** [.filename]#lacpi_object.c#
+**** Users can evaluate objects
+*** [.filename]#lacpi_data.c#
+**** Users can attach, get, and detach data from nodes
+*** Man Page
+* Future plans:
+** [.filename]#lacpi_walk.c# (V2)
+*** Namespace printout format
+** [.filename]#lacpi_walk.c# (V3)
+*** Strategies for walking the namespace
+** arm64 compat
+
+==== Design constraints
+
+The loader is meant to be lightweight and prepare the kernel.
+In order to adhere to that, its initialization of ACPI has been reduced by 130 functions.
+These functions were picked such that they were not necessary for the above interface, or lacked possibility in the loader.
+They are:
+
+* AcpiInitializeObjects
+* AcpiInstallNotifyHandler
+* AcpiRemoveNotifyHandler
+
+Some functions needed to be stubbed in respect to the loader's limited library (specifically in [.filename]#osunixxf.c#).
+Some functions needed to handle physical addresses, rather than virtual memory mappings (specifically in [.filename]#OsdMemory.c#).
+
+==== Testing
+
+* Confirmation tests were performed, demonstrating that the ACPI namespace is initialized correctly by dumping it in the loader (in C and in Lua) and in the kernel (in C) and comparing the results.
+* Regression tests were performed, ensuring FreeBSD builds across all architectures with this change.
+* Unit tests were performed on the Lua bindings, verifying their functionality.
+
+Sponsor: Google Summer of Code 2025
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/appjail.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/appjail.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a0193be69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/appjail.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+=== Container orchestration: Overlord, Director, AppJail and cloud-init
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/DtxdF/AppJail[AppJail on Github] URL: link:https://github.com/DtxdF/AppJail[] +
+link:https://github.com/DtxdF/Director[Director on Github] URL: link:https://github.com/DtxdF/Director[] +
+link:https://github.com/DtxdF/Overlord[Overlord on Github] URL: link:https://github.com/DtxdF/Overlord[] +
+link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails[Makejails] URL: link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails[]
+
+Contact: JesĂºs Daniel Colmenares Oviedo <dtxdf@FreeBSD.org>
+
+**AppJail** is an open-source BSD-3 licensed framework entirely written in POSIX shell and C to create isolated, portable and easy to deploy environments using FreeBSD jails that behaves like an application.
+
+**Director** is a tool for running multi-jail environments on link:https://github.com/DtxdF/AppJail[AppJail] using a simple YAML specification.
+A Director file is used to define how one or more jails that make up your application are configured.
+Once you have a Director file, you can create and start your application with a single command: `appjail-director up`.
+
+**Overlord** is a fast, distributed orchestrator for FreeBSD jails oriented to GitOps.
+You define a file with the service intended to run on your cluster and deployment takes seconds to minutes.
+This orchestration tool uses link:https://github.com/DtxdF/AppJail[AppJail], link:https://github.com/DtxdF/director[Director] and can even create VMs with link:https://github.com/FreeBSD/vm-bhyve[vm-bhyve], but as its philosophy is "deploy using code" you can create a single file once and deploy many times.
+Through a tree chaining system Overlord deploys jails on connected systems sharing their resources almost infinitely.
+See the link:https://github.com/DtxdF/Overlord/wiki[wiki] for articles that use Overlord.
+
+**Recently written articles about Overlord**:
+
+* link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/our-work/journal/browser-based-edition/networking-3/overlord-deploy-jails-as-fast-as-you-code/[Overlord: Deploy Jails as Fast as You Code]
+* link:https://github.com/DtxdF/overlord/wiki/cloud-init[Deploying virtual machines using cloud-init]
+* link:https://github.com/DtxdF/overlord/wiki/ephemeral[Deploying virtual machines with ephemeral jails]
+* link:https://github.com/DtxdF/overlord/wiki/gitops[Using GitOps with Overlord]
+* link:https://dtxdf.github.io/jellyseerr.html[How to install Jellyfin and Jellyseerr using Overlord]
+
+**Makejails** are simple text files that automate the steps to create a jail, a widely used feature of link:https://github.com/DtxdF/AppJail[AppJail].
+Currently, there are many Makejails created and hosted in the link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails[Centralized Repository], but here are some of the recently written ones:
+
+* link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails/odoo[Odoo]
+* link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails/writefreely[WriteFreely]
+* link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails/adminer[Adminer]
+* link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails/shiori[Shiori]
+* link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails/healthchecks[Healthchecks]
+* link:https://github.com/AppJail-makejails/ntfy[ntfy]
+
+Sponsor: https://www.patreon.com/appjail
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/audio.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/audio.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9b57c0c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/audio.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== Audio Stack Improvements
+
+Contact: Christos Margiolis <christos@FreeBSD.org>
+
+I have been working on the audio stack since 2024Q1. Below is a list of the previous status reports:
+
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[2024Q1] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/#_audio_stack_improvements[2024Q2] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-07-2024-09/#_audio_stack_improvements[2024Q3] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-07-2024-09/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/#_audio_stack_improvements[2024Q4] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[2025Q1] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/#_audio_stack_improvements[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/#_audio_stack_improvements[2025Q2] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/#_audio_stack_improvements[]
+
+Important work since link:https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/#_audio_stack_improvements[last report]:
+
+* virtual_oss to base port in review: link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D52308[D52308], link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D52365[D52365], link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D52366[D52366], link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D52426[D52426], and more.
+* man:snd_hda[4] sound redirection patch (link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D50070[D50070]) almost done.
+* More man:sound[4] cleanups, fixes and improvements.
+* More out-of-the-box laptop support.
+* Wrote BSDCan 2025 trip report for the FreeBSD Journal.
+* Working on FreeBSD Journal audio article.
+
+You can also follow the development process in link:https://lists.freebsd.org/subscription/freebsd-multimedia[freebsd-multimedia@], where I post regular reports.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/bananapi-r64-drivers.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/bananapi-r64-drivers.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5eaa5f9918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/bananapi-r64-drivers.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+=== FreeBSD Driver Development for BananaPi-R64
+
+Contact: Martin Filla <freebsd@sysctl.cz>
+Wiki:	 https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Bananapi
+
+==== Introduction
+The Banana Pi R64 is a MediaTek MT7622-based development board (ARM Cortex-A53, dual-core ~1.35 GHz) featuring 4Ă— Gigabit LAN, 1Ă— Gigabit WAN, Wi-Fi (4Ă—4n), Bluetooth 5.0, and multiple peripheral interfaces (UART, SPI, I²C, GPIO, SATA, mini-PCIe, eMMC, etc.).
+
+==== Current State of FreeBSD Support
+- Implemented so far:
+  * **UART driver**
+  * **Clock management (clocks)**
+  * **Pinctrl/gpio driver** – in active development gpio part
+  * **Storage controllers (eMMC/SD/MMC) driver
+  * **Ethernet Switch mt7531 driver
+  * **Ethernet mt7622 driver
+
+Other essential components—Ethernet, USB, SATA, Wi-Fi, etc.—are not yet implemented.
+
+==== Technical Context and Significance
+Support for Banana Pi R64 in FreeBSD is in the early stages—UART and clocks drivers exist but ppl clock is under development, gpio is under development -- while most critical subsystems remain unimplemented.
+
+==== Development roadmap
+* Implement missing drivers
+  - USB (XHCI/OTG)
+  - SATA / AHCI
+  - Wi-Fi (likely MediaTek MT7615)
+  - GPIO subsystems
+
+==== Conclusion
+Support for Banana Pi R64 in FreeBSD is in the early stages—UART and clocks drivers exist but ppl clock is under development, gpio is under development—while most critical subsystems remain unimplemented. Publishing working code and artifacts, plus active collaboration with the FreeBSD community, will be essential to bring this board toward usable status under FreeBSD.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/bhyvemgr.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/bhyvemgr.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4aec57f06c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/bhyvemgr.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+=== A bhyve management GUI written in Freepascal/Lazarus
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/alonsobsd/bhyvemgr[Bhyvemgr] URL: link:https://github.com/alonsobsd/bhyvemgr/[] +
+
+Contact: JosĂ© Alonso CĂ¡rdenas MĂ¡rquez <acm@FreeBSD.org>
+
+Bhyvemgr is a bhyve management GUI written in Freepascal/Lazarus on FreeBSD.
+It needs a bunch of tools, mostly installed on base system, and some installed from ports/packages.
+The main goal is to be a desktop application with focus on desktop users to easily and quickly setup and run virtual machines on FreeBSD hosts.
+
+During this quarter, there were many bugfixes and improvements to Bhyvemgr.
+
+These are some highlights that were added:
+
+- Add swtpm support to FreeBSD >=1403000.
+- Add x86.verbosemsr setting on FreeBSD >=1500023.
+- Add IPv6 support.
+  It enhances a better IPv6 support using package:dns/dnsmasq[].
+  A host-record will be added to dnsmasq when Use_IPv6 is enabled.
+- Add a bridge IPv6 calculator at Bhyve Manager Settings.
+  It helps us to calculate what IPv6 must be assigned to bridge interface.
+  Take a look at README for more information about that.
+- Add support to create virtual machines from Cloud or VM images.
+  A new page will appear when "Create a virtual disk from image" option is selected.
+  It includes an image downloader (only support img.xz, raw.xz, qcow2.xz, qcow2, img, and raw files).
+- Add Cloud init/Nuageinit configuration files support.
+- Add user-data, network-config, and meta-data templates used from image minimal configuration.
+- Add user-data, network-config, and meta-data samples files.
+- Add support to define static ipv4 address when files configuration is selected from "Create Virtual Machine/Image" form.
+- Add new option to select images path directory from "Settings".
+  This directory is used to storage extracted images files.
+  By default, it is located at [.filename]#~/.bhyvemgr#.
+- Add new option to define qemu-img path file.
+- Add i18n support with initial English, Simplified Chinese (thanks to link:https://github.com/ykla[ykla]) and Spanish translations.
+- Enhanced logging support.
+- Enhanced clipboard support.
+
+Bhyvemgr supports aarch64 from 15-PRERELEASE to 16-CURRENT and amd64 from FreeBSD 13.x to 16-CURRENT.
+Also, package:sysutils/bhyvemgr[] can be compiled or installed from link:https://ports.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?query=bhyvemgr&stype=name&sektion=sysutils[ports] or pkg binaries with gtk2, qt5 or qt6 interface support.
+
+People interested in helping or supporting the project are welcome.
+
+Sponsor: https://paypal.me/alonsocbsd
+
+Current version: 1.12.0
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/drm-drivers.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/drm-drivers.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb143bccba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/drm-drivers.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+=== DRM drivers
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/drm-kmod/pull/371[Update to Linux 6.10 DRM drivers] URL: link:https://github.com/freebsd/drm-kmod/pull/371[]
+
+Contact: Jean-SĂ©bastien PĂ©dron <dumbbell@FreeBSD.org>
+
+DRM drivers are **kernel drivers for integrated and discrete GPUs**.
+They are maintained in the Linux kernel and we port them to FreeBSD.
+As of this report, we take the AMD and Intel DRM drivers only (NVIDIA FreeBSD drivers are proprietary and provided by NVIDIA themselves).
+
+We port them one Linux version at a time.
+This allows us to ship updates more often and it eases porting and debugging because we have a smaller delta compared to a bigger jump skipping several versions.
+
+This quarter, the work was slower with the holidays.
+**DRM drivers from Linux 6.10 were ported**.
+However, there are still issues that need to be worked on:
+* There is a regression in the integration of the `amdgpu` driver with man:vt[4], causing the console to go blank once the driver is loaded.
+  A graphical session still works though.
+* There are significant changes to the `radix-tree` support in `linuxkpi` that needs more testing.
+* The `siphash` code committed to `linuxkpi` is not working yet.
+
+The pull request on GitHub and the associated freebsd-src branch may not have the latest versions, until the compilation and load failures are fixed.
+
+These updates target the FreeBSD 16-CURRENT development branch for now, but `linuxkpi` changes should be backported to FreeBSD 15-STABLE.
+
+The following pull request did not receive enough reviews and tests for now.
+That is why they are still in flight.
+
+* https://github.com/freebsd/drm-kmod/pull/357[`DMA_BUF_IOCTL_EXPORT_SYNC_FILE` and `DMA_BUF_IOCTL_IMPORT_SYNC_FILE` ioctls]
+* https://github.com/freebsd/drm-kmod/pull/358[`DRM_IOCTL_SYNCOBJ_EVENTFD` ioctl]
+
+They are apparently required to allow the use of wlroots-based Wayland compositors with the Vulkan API (see link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=286311[]).
+wlroots will need a patch as well because it only expects these features on Linux for now.
+
+Both pull requests rely on patches to `linuxkpi`.
+The `linuxkpi` patches are linked in the pull requests.
+
+This work is kindly sponsored by the FreeBSD Foundation as part of the Laptop and Desktop Project.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/frdp.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/frdp.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d75733ea5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/frdp.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+=== The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
+
+Links: +
+link:https://docs.freebsd.org/ru/books/faq/[FAQ] URL: link:https://docs.freebsd.org/ru/books/faq/[] +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/ru/[Web] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/ru/[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd-doc-ru/freebsd-doc/discussions[The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project site] URL: link:https://github.com/freebsd-doc-ru/freebsd-doc/discussions[]
+
+Contact: Andrey Zakhvatov <andy@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: Vladlen Popolitov <vladlen@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project's current goal is to provide up-to-date Russian translations of the most important parts of the FreeBSD documentation (FAQ, Handbook, website content).
+It is essential to support Russian-speaking users with high-quality official technical materials and to increase the adoption of the operating system worldwide.
+We hope this initiative will gain support within the Russian-speaking FreeBSD community and lead to an increase in translated materials.
+
+In September 2025, two committers were granted commit bits to write Russian-translated documentation into the FreeBSD documentation tree:
+
+* mailto:andy@FreeBSD.org[Andrey Zakhvatov], co-mentors Sergio Carlavilla and Maxim Konovalov
+* mailto:vladlen@FreeBSD.org[Vladlen Popolitov], mentor Maxim Konovalov
+
+During the last quarter:
+
+* 100% of the text has been translated in Weblate.
+* 31 out of 47 documents have been updated to the latest version from link:https://docs.freebsd.org/ru/[docs.FreeBSD.org/ru], with the remaining documents currently under review and awaiting commit.
+
+This report acknowledges with appreciation the contributions of the following colleagues who performed reviews of our commits during the quarter (in Phabricator or by email):
+
+* mailto:arrowd@FreeBSD.org[Gleb Popov]
+* mailto:bcr@FreeBSD.org[Benedict Reuschling]
+* mailto:eugen@FreeBSD.org[Eugene Grosbein]
+* mailto:maxim@FreeBSD.org[Maxim Konovalov]
+* mailto:mizhka@FreeBSD.org[Michael Zhilin]
+
+Plan for next quarter:
+
+* Finalize the review and commit process for documentation (books and articles)
+* Restore the Russian pages on www.FreeBSD.org
+* Review the feasibility and the mechanics of the man pages translation
+
+Check the https://docs.freebsd.org/ru/books/fdp-primer/translations/[official translation guide] if you would like to help.
+
+We would appreciate your assistance with translating the following materials:
+
+* Web pages
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/freebsd-git-weekly.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/freebsd-git-weekly.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9872e59e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/freebsd-git-weekly.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+=== FreeBSD Git Weekly
+
+links: +
+link:https://freebsd-git-weekly.tarsnap.net/[FreeBSD Git Weekly] URL: link:https://freebsd-git-weekly.tarsnap.net/[]
+
+Contact: Graham Percival <gperciva@tarsnap.com>
+
+These are weekly lists of commits to the link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/[FreeBSD source tree], split into categories such as "documentation", "hardware support", "testing", and "kernel".
+
+Our goal is to make it easier for developers and users to keep track of changes in FreeBSD that are relevant to them, without needing to subscribe to the dev-commits-src-main mailing list and look at every single commit which lands in their mailbox.
+
+In the future, these reports might include summaries or additional information, but for now our focus is figuring out what type of classification will be most useful to the FreeBSD community.
+
+These weekly reports began on 2025-09-01.
+
+Sponsor: Tarsnap Backup Inc.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/geomman.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/geomman.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81a97ee5ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/geomman.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+=== Geomman Release
+
+Links: +
+link:https://gitlab.com/brauliorivas/geomman[geomman gitlab repo] URL: link:https://gitlab.com/brauliorivas/geomman[] +
+link:https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/geomman[geomman port] URL: link:https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/geomman[]
+
+Contact: Braulio Rivas <brauliorivas@FreeBSD.org>
+
+Geomman is a partitioning tool (TUI) based on man:sade[8] that brings more functionality such as copying, pasting partitions, creating ext filesystems or encrypting partitions using man:geli[8].
+
+Geomman is relevant for both newcomers and experienced users because it is a complete and unified management of partitions and disks.
+
+Features added to geomman since last report are:
+
+* Grow UFS, NTFS, ext2, ext3 and ext4 filesystems.
+* Shrink NTFS, ext2, ext3 and ext4 filesystems.
+* New partition dialog, where users can visually select a free space to place the partition to be pasted or moved, added to link:https://gitlab.com/alfix/bsddialog[bsddialog].
+* Create exFAT, NTFS, ext2, ext3 and ext4 filesystems.
+* Check all the mentioned filesystems.
+
+Then, two GEOM-related features were added too:
+
+* Label man:glabel[8] new partitions.
+* Encrypt man:geli[8] new partitions by adding an optional "keyfile", plus a "passphrase" (or passfile).
+
+Finally, with the help of mailto:fuz@FreeBSD.org[Robert Clausecker], we published the link:https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/geomman[geomman port] to let people try it out. 
+
+Future work includes:
+
+* Add geomman to FreeBSD natively (userland)
+* Add ZFS management
+
+Sponsor: Google Summer of Code 2025
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/kde.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/kde.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d3e78181c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/kde.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+=== KDE on FreeBSD
+
+Links: +
+link:https://freebsd.kde.org/[KDE/FreeBSD initiative] URL: link:https://freebsd.kde.org/[] +
+link:https://community.kde.org/FreeBSD[FreeBSD -- KDE Community Wiki] URL: link:https://community.kde.org/FreeBSD[]
+
+Contact: KDE on FreeBSD Mailing List <kde@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The KDE on FreeBSD project packages CMake, Qt, and software from the KDE Community, for the FreeBSD ports tree.
+The software includes a full desktop environment called KDE Plasma (for both X11 and Wayland) and hundreds of applications that can be used on any FreeBSD machine.
+The mailto:kde@FreeBSD.org[KDE team] is part of mailto:desktop@FreeBSD.org[desktop@], building the software stack to make FreeBSD beautiful and usable as a daily driver graphical desktop workstation.
+
+We missed last quarterly status report. The changes from the second quarter are included in this report.
+
+==== Infrastructure
+
+CMake was updated to 3.31.9, the latest release in 3.x series.
+Ninja was updated to 1.13.1.
+
+Qt6 was updated to 6.9.2.
+Both of the Python bindings for the Qt6 toolkit have been updated to their latest releases:
+
+* PyQt6: updated to 6.9.1
+* PySide6: updated to 6.9.2
+
+The package:graphics/qt6-wayland[] port was patched to fix crashes of Plasma on Wayland when right-clicking the desktop.
+
+Qt5 was updated to 5.15.17 KDE patch collection.
+Upstream standard support for Qt5 is officially over.
+This might be the last update for Qt5 on FreeBSD.
+
+The package:www/qt5-webengine[] port has been updated to 5.15.19 with security patches up to Chromium 135.0.7049.95.
+The Qt5 WebEngine component, however, is and forever will be based on Chromium 87.0.4280.144, which is over 4 years old.
+Security updates for the underlying Chromium base have now ceased. Use at your own risk.
+
+==== KDE Stack
+
+KDE Frameworks, Plasma, and Gear release happen very regularly. mailto:kde@FreeBSD.org[KDE team] lands these updates shortly after their upstream release.
+
+* KDE Frameworks reached version 6.18.0.
+* KDE Plasma Desktop was updated to 6.4.5.
+* KDE Gear was updated to 25.08.1.
+
+Plasma 6.5 Beta (6.4.90) was ported but not committed to the main ports-tree.
+
+The package:net-mgmt/kf6-networkmanager-qt[] port with stub implementation for Linux NetworkManager was added to aid porting third-party software.
+
+==== Related Ports
+
+The mailto:kde@FreeBSD.org[KDE team] maintains a wide range of ports and updates them all as needed.
+According to link:https://portscout.freebsd.org/kde@freebsd.org.html[Portscout] less than 0.7% ports are outdated.
+
+The KDE team would like to thank mailto:fluffy@FreeBSD.org[Dima Panov], mailto:arrowd@FreeBSD.org[Gleb Popov], mailto:jhale@FreebSD.org[Jason E. Hale],  mailto:kenrap@kennethraplee.com[Kenneth Raplee], mailto:lbartoletti@FreeBSD.org[LoĂ¯c Bartoletti], and mailto:makc@FreeBSD.org[Max Brazhnikov] for keeping things up-to-date.
+The KDE team is grateful to Harley (SponiX on IRC) for sharing his building box.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/libvirt.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/libvirt.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68d46f9a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/libvirt.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== Improve libvirt support for bhyve hypervisor
+
+Links: +
+link:https://empt1e.blogspot.com/2025/09/ci-for-libvirtbhyve-on-freebsd.html[CI for libvirt/bhyve on FreeBSD] URL: link:https://empt1e.blogspot.com/2025/09/ci-for-libvirtbhyve-on-freebsd.html[] +
+
+Contact: Roman Bogorodskiy <novel@FreeBSD.org>
+
+==== Completed work
+
+* Support for man:pf[4]-based NAT https://libvirt.org/drvnetwork.html#freebsd[networking] was merged and has been available since libvirt 11.7.0 release.
+* Domain usage statistics reporting is also available starting with libvirt 11.7.0 release.
+* TCP console support has been available since libvirt 11.6.0 release.
+* The libvirt testing project, libvirt-tck, can now successfully run domain, network, and storage tests against the bhyve driver.
+
+==== Plans for the next quarter
+
+* Extend libvirt-tck testing with https://libvirt.org/hooks.html[hooks] tests.
+* Add support for:
+** Boot order configuration.
+** TPM devices.
+** Snapshot/resume to the bhyve driver (targeted, but might roll over to next quarter).
+* Improve virt-manager support on FreeBSD.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/lkpi-wireless.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/lkpi-wireless.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c6580dd7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/lkpi-wireless.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+=== LinuxKPI 802.11 and Native Wireless Update
+
+Contact: Bjoern A. Zeeb <bz@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: The FreeBSD wireless mailing list <wireless@FreeBSD.org>
+
+This report focuses on the efforts using permissively licensed Linux wireless drivers, mostly unmodified, on FreeBSD, as well as preparing the native net80211 stack for support of newer standards.
+
+Work is ongoing for Mediatek mt76-based PCIe card support.
+
+LinuxKPI 802.11 (man:linuxkpi_wlan[4]) updates were committed for scanning and beacon handling improvements and more robustness.
+
+LinuxKPI updates were done in order to import newer versions of man:iwlwifi[4], man:rtw88[4], and man:rtw89[4] drivers.
+Work on suspend and resume for LinuxKPI-based wireless drivers has a possible solution which will need community testing and feedback.
+Both updates were blocked by out-of-tree drm LinuxKPI PCI conflicts and problems were just resolved before EuroBSDCon 2025 thus the work will likely appear beginning of 25Q4.
+
+I gave a talk on wireless at EuroBSDCon 2025 and had a good chat with wireless people from NetBSD and OpenBSD.
+
+There is increasing interest again in getting brcmfmac support sorted, as well as more requests for ath11k.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/mac_do.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/mac_do.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c29e839b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/mac_do.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== mac_do(4) and mdo(1) Improvements
+
+Links: +
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/SummerOfCode2025Projects/MacDoAndMDoImprovements[Wiki page] URL: link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/SummerOfCode2025Projects/MacDoAndMDoImprovements[]
+
+Contact: Kushagra Srivastava <thesynthax@FreeBSD.org>
+
+As part of Google Summer of Code 2025, I worked on two related sub-projects in the FreeBSD Project: kernel improvements to man:mac_do[4] and userland enhancements to man:mdo[1].
+
+mac_do is a kernel MAC security module that allows controlled credential transitions without requiring setuid binaries. The project extended it in two key ways:
+
+* **Per-jail configuration of authorized executables** – administrators can now specify a list of executables per-jail, permitted to request credential transitions, instead of being limited to the hardcoded [.filename]#/usr/bin/mdo#.
+* **Support for traditional credential-changing syscalls** – transitions requested via man:setuid[2], man:setgid[2], man:setgroups[2], and related functions are now intercepted and authorized through mac_do, in addition to the original man:setcred[2] mechanism.
+
+On the userland side, the companion tool man:mdo[1] was extended to:
+
+* Allow explicit UID/GID overrides, fine-grained group management (`-g`, `-G`, `-s` options), and improved credential parsing.
+* Provide a `--print-rule` option to display the corresponding mac_do rule for a requested transition.
+
+Together, these improvements make mac_do and mdo far more flexible and practical, enabling safer privilege transitions without relying on setuid executables and with strong jail integration.
+
+Sponsor: Google LLC (Google Summer of Code 2025)
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/nuageinit.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/nuageinit.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77cbbaca23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/nuageinit.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+=== Cloud: Improvements for nuageinit
+
+Contact: Baptiste Daroussin <bapt@FreeBSD.org> +
+Contact: JesĂºs Daniel Colmenares Oviedo <dtxdf@FreeBSD.org>
+
+Inspired by link:https://cloud-init.io/[cloud-init], nuageinit is a script written entirely in Lua to add cloud-init compatibility to FreeBSD.
+Thanks to the `firstboot` feature of the man:rc[8] framework, it runs early and only once.
+
+Fixes and improvements have been made in recent months:
+
+* Missing documentation for already implemented parameters have been added.
+* More test cases have been added.
+* The device configuration ID is used as an interface when no `match` rule is specified.
+* Implementation of the `network.ethernets.{id}.match.name` parameter.
+* Implementation of the `network.ethernets.{id}.wakeonlan` parameter.
+* Implementation of the `network.ethernets.{id}.set-name` parameter.
+* Implementation of the `network.ethernets.{id}.match.driver` parameter.
+* Implementation of the `network.ethernets.{id}.mtu` parameter.
+* Implementation of the `nameservers` parameter.
+* Support for package:security/doas[].
+* Allow the use of network parameters from `network-config` file.
+
+Committed in the following branches: stable/14, stable/15, and main.
+
+If you plan to use nuageinit, remember that each image is generated periodically and distributed on the following sites:
+
+* link:https://download.freebsd.org/releases/VM-IMAGES[]
+* link:https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots/VM-IMAGES[]
+
+Commits: link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=ba5df7a2d03cd5624b1825ca8d4c39dcaace7796[ba5df7a], link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=95b0be1118b1a24ceb1b59ecd936aaa155d828bd[95b0be1], link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=a7f19968ae5d5e7e5feba85d04698050fcaf784f[a7f1996], link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=9f3330f5224ea2384a1c7d79a5b1f2784f7c14b6[9f3330f], link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=a5cc9b7b96dcba4d3ee98f2eb58c3f389590ddf0[9f3330f], link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=95230b248f6412c2d1c416c1e9795c3192cdf750[95230b2], link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=9a829e865697e623a046800545be7781a117125e[9a829e8]
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/openjdk.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/openjdk.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5bbc6af86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/openjdk.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=== Improve OpenJDK on FreeBSD
+
+Links: +
+link:https://freebsdfoundation.org/project/improving-openjdk-on-freebsd/[Project description] URL: https://freebsdfoundation.org/project/improving-openjdk-on-freebsd/[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/openjdk[Project repository] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/openjdk[]
+
+Contact: +
+Harald Eilertsen <haraldei@freebsdfoundation.org> +
+FreeBSD Java mailing list <freebsd-java@lists.freebsd.org>
+
+The goal of this project is to improve OpenJDK support for FreeBSD/amd64 and FreeBSD/arm64.
+
+Java is an important runtime environment for many high performance, critical enterprise systems.
+Making sure Java based applications run correctly and efficiently on FreeBSD is important to ensure that FreeBSD will continue to be a viable and attractive platform for enterprises, as well as businesses and organizations of all sizes.
+
+In this quarter the following issues/milestones were reached:
+
+* The OpenJDK 24 port https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=7aed795e864ced2f6dfee773d2371d01b23d5d4f[was updated to OpenJDK 24.0.2], and https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=8e3dc60231183008cea882574020f74163db9b58[once more] to include several fixes for the serviceability agent and performance improvements for large Elastic- and OpenSearch workloads.
+  The serviceability improvements fixes symbol and thread lookups when attaching to another JVM, and fixes loading core files in the Java debugger on FreeBSD.
+* The OpenJDK 23 port https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=a936fb9b16bac7cc5945213c7edf8c6a57709591[was updated] to include IPv6 dual protocol socket support (like OpenJDK 24), as well as the performance improvements for Elastic- and OpenSearch.
+* OpenJDK https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=aaf3de01b3a035acaf6bf238772c149000158d21[8], https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=d1896072c1d6089df2fa62cc56d41e3970534d7f[17] and https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=b962e334545b2b095cca680a0958370af4e91144[21] were updated to the latest releases from upstream, and https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=e626e069e7d41ae373471a9b9596f34f54729acc[a new port] for installing just the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) of OpenJDK 21 was added.
+* Build issues causing the official pkg builds of some older java versions on certain FreeBSD revisions to fail, was debugged and fixed by Ronald Klop.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/pkgbase-install.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/pkgbase-install.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b710d5bdcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/pkgbase-install.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+=== Support for installing pkgbase systems
+
+Contact: Isaac Freund <ifreund@freebsdfoundation.org>
+
+The FreeBSD 15.0 snapshot installation images (disc1.iso, dvd1.iso) now include offline pkgbase packages rather than traditional distribution tarballs.
+This makes it possible to install a pkgbase system without an internet connection.
+
+Patches to build FreeBSD 15.0 VM and cloud images as pkgbase systems are in review and should land soon.
+Switching the VM and cloud images over to pkgbase is the last major step needed to make pkgbase the default installation path for FreeBSD 15.0.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/releng.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/releng.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8686ac801e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/releng.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+=== FreeBSD Release Engineering Team
+
+Links: +
+link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/15.0R/schedule/[FreeBSD 15.0-RELEASE schedule] URL: link:https://www.freebsd.org/releases/15.0R/schedule/[] +
+link:https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/[FreeBSD releases] URL: link:https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/[] +
+link:https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots/ISO-IMAGES/[FreeBSD development snapshots] URL: link:https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots/ISO-IMAGES/[]
+
+Contact: FreeBSD Release Engineering Team, <re@FreeBSD.org>
+
+The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team is responsible for setting and publishing release schedules for official project releases of FreeBSD, announcing code freezes and maintaining the respective branches, among other things.
+
+The Team managed the first half of the 15.0-RELEASE cycle, aiming for the official RELEASE build and announcement in December.
+Of note, this has involved a significant amount of pkgbase-related work landing.
+
+The Release Engineering Team continued providing weekly development snapshot builds for the *main*, *stable/14*, and *stable/13* branches.
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sockstat.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sockstat.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88c583e14f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sockstat.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+=== Sockstat UI Improvements
+
+Links: +
+link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/SummerOfCode2025Projects/SockstatUIImprovements[Sockstat UI Improvements  wiki] URL: https://wiki.freebsd.org/SummerOfCode2025Projects/SockstatUIImprovements[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1720[Automatic column sizing PR] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1720[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1746[Reintroduced -w flag PR] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1746[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1753[Microoptimize cap-getnameinfo PR] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1753[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1770[Libxo support PR] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1770[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1799[Revert incorrect use of path-state for SCTP connections PR] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1799[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1806[Complete libxo integration PR] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1806[] +
+link:https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1807[Fix port parsing after libxo integration PR] URL: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/1807[] +
+
+Contact: Damin Rido <rido@FreeBSD.org>
+
+Sockstat is a command-line tool in FreeBSD that displays detailed information about open network sockets.
+However, its traditional fixed-width formatting made the output hard to read, especially when handling long addresses.
+This project improves sockstat by introducing dynamically sized columns and structured output support via libxo.
+With these enhancements, users can more easily read output on the terminal or export the data in formats such as JSON, XML, or HTML for scripting and integration with external tools.
+
+The sockstat utility underwent improvements in two phases.
+First, the fixed-width layout was replaced with dynamic column sizing using a two-pass algorithm to ensure proper alignment and readability, including cases with long socket addresses.
+The `-w` option was redefined to enable wide, auto-sized output while maintaining compatibility with default terminal displays.
+In the second phase, libxo support was integrated by replacing `printf()` calls with `xo_emit()`, applying appropriate field tagging, and validating the output using libxo's tools.
+The manual pages were updated to document the libxo integration.
+These changes provide machine-readable structured output while preserving traditional human-readable formatting.
+
+Following the sockstat conversion, the `parse_ports` function was identified as broken.
+Due to its complexity, the function warranted the addition of unit tests to ensure correct behavior.
+The issue was addressed by fixing the function and introducing a set of unit tests.
+The codebase was refactored by renaming `sockstat.c` to `main.c` .
+
+This project was part of Google Summer of Code 2025.
+It has modernized sockstat and made it both more user-friendly and better suited for integration into automated workflows.
+
+Sponsor: Google Summer of Code 2025
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sta-wpc-ci-automation.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sta-wpc-ci-automation.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f0088b2b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sta-wpc-ci-automation.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+=== STA Work Package C: CI/CD Automation
+
+Contact: Siva Mahadevan <smahadevan@freebsdfoundation.org>
+
+In this quarter, as part of the infrastructure modernization work commissioned by the Sovereign Tech Agency (STA), I have been working on the in-tree CI Makefile targets.
+I also worked on bringing our CI test reports to a clean state on our tier-1 architectures (amd64 and aarch64).
+This report is a supplement to the overall STA status report and will describe the work done in more detail.
+
+==== tests/ci improvements
+
+The [.filename]#tests/ci# subdirectory in the src tree was introduced in link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=cb9d4bb1fbb9ac0eb9f211656e91f9d5254c166c[commit: Add preliminary in-tree CI infrastructure for developers] by mailto:bofh@FreeBSD.org[Moin Rahman] and aims to provide an easy way for developers to replicate the CI testing run by link:https://ci.freebsd.org[our Jenkins cluster].
+In this quarter, the following improvements were made by the team:
+
+New functionality:
+
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=f6e5bcd4716c2974c7ceb1fbbfc0ef8db8e13d8b[tests/ci: run ci-full kyua tests in parallel]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=92a7f2d577630d670643f855a1d123a2260102af[tests/ci: Add KYUA_TEST_FILTERS to allow user to select specific tests]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=932cf5fa44b7ff3b7ea21ccb32bbbefff11c160c[tests/ci: Add CIENV variable]
+
+Bug fixes:
+
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=ed4c64bc792fd2509d8fd6805f8e174c2db62338[tests/ci: Use suitable variable for qemu-user-static existence check]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=2f50ea54c6e3b15f655e800eb680ddcb80e30b4f[tests/ci: fix race condition in bhyveload boot]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=57f725a6a6c19b12015854589764babe58252155[tests/ci: fix missing /usr/local/{sbin,bin} in freebsdci rc PATH]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=9f3e4b28f9dec27b73eeebd161d119d1e9864081[tests/ci: Fix missing qemu devices]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=10fb5e7117e522540167fa02692e1e7b8e38eec0[tests/ci: Fix race condition with ci-extractmeta]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=66fe805070d121d4b93f63b7b02a70d76069edfc[tests/ci: Fix wrong chflags target path in 'beforeclean' target]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=9ec37e8ff49c6b555e8d4f522adc9378157df170[tests/ci: Use QEMU blockdev declaration for all platforms]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=e990e460d50c628dfa681c5693bd8ece87b001ad[tests/ci: Fix unescaped kld_list var in rc.conf]
+
+With these changes, a developer can run CI with these example commands as root:
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+# Fully parallel CI:
+make ci
+
+# Single-threaded CI
+make PARALLEL_JOBS=1 ci
+
+# Single-threaded CI, running a subset of the tests as described in kyua-test(1)
+make PARALLEL_JOBS=1 KYUA_TEST_FILTERS='/path/to/testcase /path/to/another:testname1' ci
+
+# Run smoke (boot) tests
+make CITYPE=smoke ci
+----
+
+==== Test case management
+
+link:https://ci.freebsd.org/tinderbox[Tinderbox] has been reporting that our supported platforms are failing in CI since a link:https://ci.freebsd.org/job/FreeBSD-main-amd64-test/26756/[run from the last quarter].
+As the backlog grows larger, it becomes harder for users and developers to notice a new failure and pin it to a particular commit.
+
+To complement the [.filename]#tests/ci# CI/CD automation improvements, along with link:https://github.com/markjdb/bricoler[Bricoler] to help with more granular investigations, I worked on cleaning up the failing test backlog on tier-1 architectures.
+The following patches and bug reports were submitted as a result of this (still ongoing) work:
+
+New bug reports filed to track failing or flaky tests:
+
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=288991[PR 288991: sys/netinet/output:output_raw_flowid_mpath_success]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289096[PR 289096: lib/libexecinfo/sigtramp_test:test_backtrace_sigtramp]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289165[PR 289165: usr.bin/limits/limits_test:cputime_soft_flag]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289240[PR 289240: sys/netlink/netlink_socket:overflow]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289239[PR 289239: sys/netpfil/pf/sctp:pfsync]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289236[PR 289236: sys/kern/exterr_test:gettext_extended]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289382[PR 289382: sys/netinet6/lpm6:lpm6_test1_success]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289628[PR 289628: sys/netpfil/pf/nat:endpoint_independent_pass]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289630[PR 289630: libexec/rc/rc_subr_test:wait_for_pids_progress]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289237[PR 289237: sys/fs/fusefs/last_local_modify:main]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289084[PR 289084: lib/libc/string/memcmp_test:{diff,neq}]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289477[PR 289477: sys/netpfil/pf/route_to:prefer_ipv6_nexthop_mixed_af_random_table_ipv4]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289299[PR 289299: sys/netpfil/pf/rules_counter:keepcounters]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289684[PR 289684: sys/netlink/test_snl:snl_parse_errmsg_capped]
+* link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289146[PR 289146: sbin/ipfw/test_add_rule.py:TestAddRule::test_add_action]
+
+Unskip tests that are wrongly skipped in CI:
+
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=6ff78a63d8cd0dd64ae79cbda5cb03572c1e17f5[tests/sys/netpfil: unskip tests that no longer need to be skipped]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=178b9c2364740ead21f584dc30c3aa45bd0bb8bf[tests/ci: Add missing kmods and pkgs to unskip tests]
+
+Test case metadata fixes:
+
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=83b08f40264177ecf03fce808474815816f9846f[fix parallel execution of swapon tests]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=1e570722dced7a3afc0a35b10af047b835e51567[cap_dns/tests/dns_test: mark tests as needing network access]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=68fe0d9cc03bd80f63a5317a633d2426ae286316[pfctl tests: use require.kmods instead of manual check for pf]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=df88c711a26c04192761e96dc08a6f3f9e42afed[cap_net/net_test: require 'allow_network_access']
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=5dadfac51c3876b0ba6fde831cb4417594167fed[tests/mac_portacl: enable is_exclusive for now]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=cacfd42b0c57b3455ca4a23e21de071fa0cc9ed0[tests/sys/mqueue: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=215a0654186926b2e4497d83f3eb45b5eefcb23f[tests/sys/netlink: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=308c9c995794f1ae89bba1d43aab9c51f7e90a09[tests/sys/opencrypto: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=26d3dfa8733892adf107b045a8c98d480b4bb21d[tests/sys/aio: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=c444bfca0063d0820f3fc72cb429809f5f52a970[tests/pf/ioctl: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=559b0f6b82867b60a2d5cb1b2744114603cb17a7[tests/sys/netmap: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=74898ce961e1f4818eba500dfa3a06bc30c1d9b3[tests/sndstat: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=7a1a6d1e2a836d189447ba725b0e256014613ab8[tests/socket_accf: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=4079513328d5656e31cb853a799176ff2500f79b[tests/sys/net: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=427be10491e37160a82eef31622676c655a29f1e[tests/sys/netinet: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=f53228c4e398468c71d3ed8a372cc29ccae6a0c1[tests/vmm_cred_jail: use require.kmods property instead of ad-hoc checks]
+
+mark tests as "expected fail" (xfail), currently WIP:
+
+* link:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=df997faca8411bdf8008c25de5db3ed719019d21[atf_pytest: fix xfail detection from pytest report]
+
+==== Tooling (WIP)
+
+To catch errors more quickly, instead of relying on link:https://ci.freebsd.org[Jenkins] to update the test report, I ran local CI multiple times daily.
+To help with this, I worked on some tooling to speed up the testing/debugging cycles.
+I am maintaining the following (currently uncommitted) tools:
+
+* link:https://codeberg.org/svmhdvn/mypoudriere/src/branch/main/myfreebsd[parallel CI runner built on top of tests/ci]
+* link:https://codeberg.org/svmhdvn/depistage[(VERY WIP) automated CI bug report/triage system]
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/suspend.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/suspend.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e4f48a9bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/suspend.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+=== Suspend/Resume Improvement
+
+Links: +
+link:https://obiw.ac/s0ix/[Blog] URL: link:https://obiw.ac/s0ix/[] +
+link:https://youtu.be/RCjPc4X2Edc[BSDCan talk on s2idle/S0ix] URL: https://youtu.be/RCjPc4X2Edc[] +
+link:https://people.freebsd.org/~obiwac/s0ix/[Sleep testing image] URL: https://people.freebsd.org/~obiwac/s0ix/[] +
+link:https://github.com/obiwac/freebsd-s0ix/tree/everything[Working Repo] URL: link:https://github.com/obiwac/freebsd-s0ix/tree/everything[] +
+link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D48721[Tip of the s2idle/S0ix + AMD SMU stack] URL: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D48721[] +
+
+Contact: obiwac <obiwac@FreeBSD.org>
+
+Suspend-to-idle and support for S0ix sleep is in the process of being added to FreeBSD.
+
+This will allow modern Intel and AMD laptops, some of which do not support ACPI S3 sleep, to enter low power states to increase battery life.
+
+Entry to S0i3 is now working reliably on the Framework 13 AMD Ryzen 7040 series laptops on FreeBSD 15.
+This required changes to LinuxKPI for DRM to know whether the system intends to enter S3 or S0ix: link:https://reviews.freebsd.org/D51591[D51591].
+
+These changes in turn required the creation of generic sleep types, separate from ACPI.
+Not all of these changes have yet been committed, but new hw.power.* sysctls will be created to choose the sleep type for various sleep state transition requests.
+
+The amdsmu driver, some ACPI changes and fixes, and GPIO interrupt servicing in amdgpio have been committed.
+
+A pre-built sleep testing image is now available to easily testing S0i3 entry on machines.
+Detailed instructions are on the webpage.
+
+With respect to the links, the blog post entry is still outdated.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sylve.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sylve.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..923b181cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/sylve.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+=== Sylve -- A Unified System Management Platform for FreeBSD
+
+Links: +
+link:https://github.com/AlchemillaHQ/Sylve[GitHub] URL: link:https://github.com/AlchemillaHQ/Sylve[] +
+link:https://sylve-ci.alchemilla.io[CI] URL: link:https://sylve-ci.alchemilla.io[] +
+link:https://discord.gg/bJB826JvXK[Discord] URL: link:https://discord.gg/bJB826JvXK[]
+
+Contact: Hayzam Sherif <hayzam@alchemilla.io>
+
+Sylve is a modern, unified system management platform for FreeBSD, inspired by Proxmox.
+We aim to provide an integrated web interface for managing virtual machines (via Bhyve), Jails, ZFS storage, networking, and firewalling. The backend is implemented in Go, while the frontend uses SvelteKit with Tailwind CSS and ShadCN UI components.
+
+The project emphasizes a minimal system footprint, currently requiring only package:sysutils/smartmontools[], package:sysutils/tmux[], package:libvirt[], package:samba419[], package:swtpm[] as runtime dependencies.
+
+==== Q3 Progress Highlights
+
+===== Clustering
+
+Sylve now supports simple clustering with a single-pane-of-glass (SPOG) experience.
+This multi-master design, built on top of `hashicorp/raft` and SQLite, allows users to manage multiple nodes from a single interface.
+
+===== Networking
+
+* Network Objects: Subnets, hosts, and MACs are now treated as first-class objects.
+  Users can create and reuse them across VMs, Jails, and switches.
+* Manual Switches: Existing FreeBSD bridges can now be imported into Sylve and managed as switches.
+
+===== Storage
+
+* A new file explorer has been introduced for managing each node's local filesystem (copy, cut, delete, etc.).
+* ZFS pools now feature extensive health monitoring, including support for special vdevs (cache, log, etc.).
+* Major performance improvements to ZFS dataset viewing and editing.
+* Ability to flash images to ZFS zvols directly from the UI.
+* Samba integration: Users can now create Samba shares.
+  A comprehensive audit log has been added to track file share activity.
+
+===== Authentication
+
+* Ability to create and manage users directly in the UI, including Samba users.
+* Groups can now also be created and managed from the UI.
+
+===== Virtual Machines
+
+* Full VM editing is now supported (storage, network, PCI devices, etc.).
+* TPM support (via package:swtpm[]) is available in both UI and API, this feature is currently experimental.
+* Support for reusing existing raw disks.
+* Added Wake-on-LAN functionality for VMs.
+
+===== Jails
+
+* Full support for thick jails (creation, editing, viewing).
+* Resource limiting for CPU and RAM has been implemented.
+* Networking for Jails supports both inherited configurations and switch-based (manual/standard) setups.
+
+==== Roadmap Update
+
+Due to community demand, Q3 focused on clustering instead of firewalling and network services.
+The following items have been pushed to Q4:
+
+* Firewall rules configuration.
+* DHCP support.
+* WireGuard VPN integration.
+
+The current roadmap is to complete clustering with external storage backup support (e.g., S3) before returning to networking services.
+
+Contributions, testing, and feedback are very welcome.
+If you are interested in contributing, consider helping with:
+
+* UI testing and accessibility feedback.
+* Bug reports and feature requests via GitHub.
+
+Sponsor: FreeBSD Foundation and Alchemilla (development and infrastructure support)
diff --git a/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/usb-debugging.adoc b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/usb-debugging.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92e26bd073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/en/status/report-2025-07-2025-09/usb-debugging.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=== USB Kernel Debugging Improvements
+
+Contact: Tom Jones <thj@FreeBSD.org>
+
+XHCI USB controllers offer a mode which allows them to be used as a system debugging interface.
+XHCI debug uses a special USB 3 cable with VBUS, D+ and D- disconnected.
+The feature can be used to live debug the FreeBSD kernel, enabling investigation of issues which cause the system video console to lock up and there is not an alternative such as a serial console.
+This can happen when debugging issues with graphics drivers.
+
+mailto:hrs@FreeBSD.org[Hiroki Sato] developed support for the XHCI debug interface and made it available as some in progress git branches.
+This implementation enables FreeBSD to operate as both a Debug Host and a Debug Target, with support for debugging from the loader through to the kernel.
+
+In this quarter the Debug Host side of the XHCI debug has been committed to FreeBSD main and will be available in FreeBSD 15.
+The Debug Host driver enables a FreeBSD machine to debug Linux and Windows systems acting as Debug Targets.
+The Debug Host driver has been split from the patch series to enable debugging of FreeBSD 16 and onwards from FreeBSD 15.
+
+The Debug Target side of XHCI debug has progressed in this quarter, with an improved interface between the loader and the kernel and a lock up sending data from a Target resolved.
+The remaining work for the host implementation is to enable XHCI debug as a console very early in boot and to convert some methods to use bus space allocations.
+
+In the coming quarter I plan to update the developers handbook section on kernel debugging.
+
+Sponsor: The FreeBSD Foundation
diff --git a/website/content/en/usergroups/_index.adoc b/website/content/en/usergroups/_index.adoc
index b07c659e54..ed848cc257 100644
--- a/website/content/en/usergroups/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/usergroups/_index.adoc
@@ -184,6 +184,9 @@ We are a community of FreeBSD enthusiasts and professionals dedicated to support
 Our group actively engages in writing documentation, contributing code, and conducting research to enhance the FreeBSD ecosystem.
 Whether you're an experienced developer or just starting with FreeBSD, join us in fostering collaboration and innovation within the Turkey FreeBSD community.
 
+link:https://ossmalta.eu/[Open Source Society Malta]::
+The Open Source Society Malta is a local community for the Open-Source Initiative in Malta supporting open-source enthusiasts and professionals.
+
 [[north-america]]
 === North America
 
@@ -351,6 +354,9 @@ For more information please visit our link:https://bsdtw.org[website].
 link:https://ambug.org[Armenia BSD User Group]::
 We're a community of BSD Hackers, Unix Sysadmins and Unix-like system users who gather once a month (online and offline) to discuss BSD Unix related topics.
 
+link:https://arbian.org[Saudi Arabia BSD User Group]::
+Arbian open source community in Saudi Arabia, *BSD one of part of the community, represents and supports Arabic language.
+
 [[oceania]]
 === Oceania
 
diff --git a/website/content/en/where.adoc b/website/content/en/where.adoc
index 1e9e3f59a3..4d0a11d938 100644
--- a/website/content/en/where.adoc
+++ b/website/content/en/where.adoc
@@ -98,61 +98,6 @@ a|
 
 Some FreeBSD `RELEASEs` are supported but are older or built from older `STABLE` branches; these are considered "legacy" and are probably only of interest to people maintaining existing systems on FreeBSD.
 
-[[download-rel142]]
-=== FreeBSD {rel142-current}-RELEASE
-
-[.tblbasic]
-[.tblDownload]
-[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
-|===
-|Installer |VM |SD Card |Documentation
-a|
-* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[amd64]
-* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[i386]
-* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[aarch64]
-* link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[armv7]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[powerpc]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[powerpc64]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[powerpc64le]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[powerpcspe]
-* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[riscv64]
-
-a|
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
-* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-CI)
-* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] (BASIC-CI)
-
-a|
-* aarch64
-* {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[PINE64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[ROCK64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
-* armv7
-* {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[GENERICSD]
-* riscv64
-* {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[GENERICSD]
-
-a|
-* {blank}
-* link:../releases/#current[Released]: {rel142-current-date}
-* link:{u-rel142-notes}[Release Notes]
-* link:{u-rel142-readme}[Readme]
-* link:{u-rel142-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List]
-* link:{u-rel142-installation}[Installation Instructions]
-* link:{u-rel142-errata}[Errata]
-* link:{u-rel142-signatures}[Signed Checksums]
-
-|===
-
 [[download-rel135]]
 === FreeBSD {rel135-current}-RELEASE
 [.tblbasic]
@@ -224,15 +169,15 @@ The word `CURRENT` is sometimes a source of confusion:
 * if you are looking for the _current version_ of FreeBSD, you most likely want a `RELEASE` version (see above) – **not** `CURRENT` – `CURRENT` has special meaning in the development process.
 
 [[download-snapshots]]
-=== Development Snapshots
+== Development Snapshots
 
 See link:../snapshots/[FreeBSD Snapshot Releases].
 
-=== FreeBSD {rel-head}-CURRENT
+=== FreeBSD {rel-head}-ALPHA
 
-Installer and SD card images are available for link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpcspe], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[riscv64].
+Installer and SD card images are available for link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[riscv64].
 
-VM images are available for link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/amd64/Latest/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/i386/Latest/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64].
+VM images are available for link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/amd64/Latest/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64].
 
 === FreeBSD {rel143-current}-STABLE
 
@@ -293,3 +238,12 @@ The projects below are of particular interest.
 == Archives
 
 http://ftp-archive.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/[Past releases] of FreeBSD.
+
+[[fastly]]
+== Fastly CDN
+
+The FreeBSD project gratefully acknowledges the support of https://www.fastly.com[Fastly], providing CDN acceleration, caching, and bandwidth to bring FreeBSD images and packages to our globally distributed community.
+
+image::../gifs/fastlyLogo-red-SVG.svg[Fastly Logo,120]
+
+See also the link:{handbook}mirrors[FreeBSD project mirrors].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/about.adoc b/website/content/ru/about.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b7b775925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/about.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "� FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= � FreeBSD
+
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ FreeBSD?
+
+FreeBSD - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ x86 (Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�ле Pentium(R) и Athlon(TM)), amd64 (Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Opteron(TM), Athlon(TM)64 и EM64T), ARM, IA-64, PowerPC, PC-98 и UltraSPARC(R). Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ° BSD, Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии UNIX(R), Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ² Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ² Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸. Đ�Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� link:{contributors}#staff-committers[Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° link:../platforms/[Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼] Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸.
+
+== Đ¡Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸
+
+Đ˜Ñ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹, Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ�Đ¡ - Đ²Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ link:../features/[Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸] FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�туÑ� Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ…, даже Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ…, Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ….
+
+== ĐœĐ¾Ñ‰Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Internet
+
+FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� link:../internet/[Internet или Intranet] Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ даже Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹, и Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ¼Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�ч Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡.
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹
+
+FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² и Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼, Đ¾Ñ‚ hi-end уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Intel Đ´Đ¾ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼ Arm, PowerPC и, Đ²Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đµ, MIPS. Đ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ²ĐµĐ±-уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ´Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ и беÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐº Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ и ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ� Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ из Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾.
+
+== Đ�Đ³Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹
+
+Đ¡ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ 20 000 Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐº и link:../applications/[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹], FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� деÑ�ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ², Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² и Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸
+
+FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� CD-ROM, DVD, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� FTP или NFS. Đ’Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ - link:{handbook}#install[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�].
+
+== FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� _Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾_
+
+[.right ]
+link:../copyright/daemon/[image:../../gifs/dae_up3.gif[Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ BSD,width=72,height=81]]
+
+Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đµ, FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� link:../copyright/[беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾] и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ или Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‘ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº link:{handbook}#mirrors[Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸].
+
+== Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾. Đ’Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ�, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ уÑ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ (Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ и Đ°ĐºĐºÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾) Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ send-pr, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ link:{contributing}[здеÑ�ÑŒ.]
+
+Даже еÑ�ли Đ’Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚, еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ FreeBSD Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¸. The http://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org[FreeBSD Foundation] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� board@FreeBSDFoundation.org или: The FreeBSD Foundation, P.O. Box 20247, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/applications.adoc b/website/content/ru/applications.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44a8bbca87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/applications.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ UNIX(R), Đ²Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼, Đ¾Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ, Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ и Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ:
+
+== FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+Đ�еÑ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� _Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼_ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ°, Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ и Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ и ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Ñ�Đ±ÑƒÑ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD, еÑ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ°Đ¼, Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ или Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đµ.
+
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ link:../copyright/freebsd-license/[Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐµ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�] FreeBSD, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‘ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… или _ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ…_ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+== Đ¡ FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+Đ¢Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº FreeBSD Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° 4.4BSD, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии UNIX, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾. FreeBSD Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆÑƒÑ� link:../where/[ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹] и link:../ports/[ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²], Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ»Ñ‘Đ³ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ или Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ link:../commercial/software/[ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹], Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD.
+
+Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ деÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� FreeBSD:
+
+* *ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³ Internet.* ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Internet (ISP) Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼, и Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ĐµÑ‘ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Usenet, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹ FTP, Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹, и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ¸. Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° http://www.apache.org/[Apache] или FTP Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ProFTPD ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ISP Đ² ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đµ или Đ³ĐµĐ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ link:../internet/[Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸] FreeBSD, Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� и Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³.
+* *Đ“Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� X Window.* FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Đ´ĐµÑˆÑ‘Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ X Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ² Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ X диÑ�Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ�. Đ¡Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� X (http://x.org/[X.Org](TM)) Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� http://www.nvidia.com/[nVidia] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²; Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸, Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Motif(R) и OpenGL(R). Đ“Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ http://www.kde.org[KDE] и http://www.gnome.org[GNOME] Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒÑ� Đ² Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ… http://www.openoffice.org/[OpenOffice.Org] и http://www.softmaker.de/tml_en.htm[TextMaker].
+* *Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.* Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD, Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ° Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‘Đ½, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ ĐŸĐ� Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½ Internet, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ PC/NFS и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đµ.
+* *Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.* Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ GNU C/C++ и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‡Đ¸Đº и Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Perl. Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ°Ñ… Java(R) и Tcl/Tk. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° XEmacs и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ·Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Icon. Đ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* *Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ² Internet.* Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� UNIX Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Internet. Đ¡ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Web-Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ FreeBSD-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/[Firefox] и http://www.opera.com/[Opera]. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Internet, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Usenet, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ.
+* *Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� деÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.* FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑƒÑ‡Đ½Đ¾-иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ деÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ¡Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ и Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+* *Đ˜ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘.* Đ‘ÑƒÑ…Đ³Đ°Đ»Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ учёт, Đ¸Đ³Ñ€Ñ‹, Đ±Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… MIS, Đ²Đ¸Đ·ÑƒĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑƒÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ BBS, Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ�.
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+== FreeBSD - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°, Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹.
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+Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� FreeBSD Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ�у Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼, _Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸_. Đ›Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Ñ�Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD и ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org.
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+Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸, Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² или Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, Đ½Đ¾ и Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
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+== Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ . . .
+
+_``FreeBSD Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� [Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹] Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾. Đ¡Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD.''_
+
+---ĐœĐ°Ñ€Đº Đ¥Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³ĐµÑ€ (Mark Hittinger), Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ WinNet Communications, Inc.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/art.adoc b/website/content/ru/art.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f745e21b2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/art.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: "Đ˜Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+
+= Đ˜Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+* <<bsd-daemon,Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ BSD>>
+* <<powered-by,Đ›Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ "`Powered by FreeBSD`">>
+* <<adv,Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Đ°Đ½Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹>>
+* <<use,ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ¸>>
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ "`Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�`" FreeBSD. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° www@FreeBSD.org. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� <<use,Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>> Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+[[bsd-daemon]]
+== link:../copyright/daemon/[Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ BSD]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/daemon-phk.png[BSD Daemon,width=191,height=208]
+
+[.center]
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ» {phk-name} +
+Đ˜Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº: http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/[/usr/share/examples/BSD_daemon/] Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD.
+
+[.center]
+link:../../gifs/daemon_hammer.jpg[image:../../gifs/daemon_hammer-tn25.jpg[BSD Daemon wielding a hammer,width=150,height=178]]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/power.jpg[BSD Daemon waiting tables,width=160,height=246]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/news.jpg[BSD Daemon editing the news,width=193,height=144]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/doc.jpg[BSD Daemon reading documentation,width=274,height=163]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/releases.jpg[BSD Daemon delivering the latest release,width=259,height=178]
+
+[[powered-by]]
+== Đ›Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ "`Powered by FreeBSD`"
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/powerlogo.gif[Powered by FreeBSD Logo]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/power-button.gif[Powered by FreeBSD Logo]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/pbfbsd2.gif[Powered by FreeBSD Logo,width=171,height=64]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/powerani.gif[Powered by FreeBSD Logo,width=171,height=64]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/fhp_mini.jpg[FreeBSD Hardware Partner Logo,width=145,height=50]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/banner1.gif[FreeBSD The Power To Serve Logo,width=446,height=63]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/banner2.gif[FreeBSD The Power To Serve Logo,width=310,height=63]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/banner3.gif[FreeBSD The Power To Serve Logo,width=250,height=35]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/banner4.gif[FreeBSD The Power To Serve Logo,width=225,height=46]
+
+== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Đ°Đ½Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/freebsd-advert.gif[Adv Banner1,width=455,height=60]
+
+[.center]
+image:../../gifs/freebsd_3.gif[Adv Banner2,width=306,height=94]
+
+[[use]]
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ›Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ "`Powered by FreeBSD`" Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ link:../../gifs/powerlogo.gif[Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹] и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ или ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD. Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° или Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ link:../copyright/daemon/[BSD Daemons] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� mailto:taob@risc.org[Brian Tao] (Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° "`Powered by FreeBSD`") и mailto:mckusick@mckusick.com[Marshall Kirk McKusick] (Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ° BSD).
+
+Đ˜Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ° BSD, Đ¸Đ·Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ {phk-name}, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ "`THE BEER-WARE LICENSE`". Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/\~checkout~/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/README?content-type=text/plain[README] Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/availability.adoc b/website/content/ru/availability.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11ba29f940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/availability.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+title: "Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD
+
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ² link:../[Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD]. Đ’Đ°Ñˆ Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚ Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�ĐµĐºÑƒĐ½Đ´. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ½Đ°Đ¶Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºÑƒ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ¸.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/commercial/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/commercial/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ccc1bfd6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/commercial/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+title: "Commercial Vendors"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+= Commercial Vendors
+
+ĐœĐ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ, Đ³Đ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ и ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ³ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ². Đ’ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../gallery/[Đ³Đ°Đ»ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¸], Đ³Đ´Đµ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸, Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹, и/или ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/consult_bycat/[Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ°Đ»Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ¸] Đ’Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD или Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚, Đ½Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/consulting/[Đ² Đ°Đ»Ñ„Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ] или Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/consult_bycat/[ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼].
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/hardware/[Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ] Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€, или Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ĐºÑƒ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ FreeBSD? Đ£ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾!
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/misc/[Đ Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¸] Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ и Đ°ĐºÑ�еÑ�Ñ�ÑƒĐ°Ñ€Ñ‹, без ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ!
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/software_bycat/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ] Đ’ FreeBSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€ ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ°ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Đ¹ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² и Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… баз Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/software/[Đ² Đ°Đ»Ñ„Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ] или Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/software_bycat/[ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼].
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ’Đ°ÑˆĐ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�, Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, или Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ, Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�ту Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° www@FreeBSD.org, Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼! Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² HTML, Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñˆ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² или Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..593232a3e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼.
+
+Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ link:mailinglists[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸], деÑ�Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ web http://forums.FreeBSD.org/[Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ²] и Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ link:newsgroups[Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹]. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ {{< get-usergroups-info "usergroups" >}} link:../usergroups[Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹] Đ² {{< get-usergroups-info "countries" >}} Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ link:irc[IRC] Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾. ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ http://planet.freebsdish.org[Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸] Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ´ FreeBSD. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ и ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/[wiki], Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ FreeBSD и Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Ñ�де Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… link:social[Ñ�Đ¾Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ¹].
+
+Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¾ {{< get-event-last-year-info "events" >}} Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… FreeBSD, Đ² {{< get-event-last-year-info "countries" >}} Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ. link:../events/events.ics[Đ�Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ] и link:../events/feed.xml[Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° RSS] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº FreeBSD, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ link:../events/[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹]. Đ’ YouTube Đ²Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ деÑ�Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đµ http://www.youtube.com/bsdconferences[BSD Conferences].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/irc.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/irc.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf732ea698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/irc.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+title: "IRC"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= IRC
+
+Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñ‹ #freebsd Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ… IRC, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ IRC Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ из ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ² IRC, Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ³Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¾Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и даже Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ·Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ… #freebsdhelp Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ² IRC, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº FreeBSD, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Đ² FreeBSD http://wiki.freebsd.org/IrcChannels[wiki]. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° IRC, Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ… и Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đº, Đ¶Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đº link:{faq}#IRC[FAQ].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/mailinglists.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/mailinglists.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c18d36387e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/mailinglists.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD и Đ¾Ñ…Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼.
+
+== Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ link:../../search/#mailinglists[Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº] или http://www.FreeBSD.org/mail/[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ] Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ http://www.FreeBSD.org/[www.FreeBSD.org]. Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€] Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Web-Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Mailman.
+
+== Đ�Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ�Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ link:{handbook}#ERESOURCES-MAIL[Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� FreeBSD].
+
+== Đ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸:
+
+* *Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- freebsd-subscribe@fug.com.br или http://www.fug.com.br/[WWW].
+* *ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- http://lists.cn.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo[WWW], ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° GB2312.
+* *Ñ‡ĐµÑˆÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- users-l-request@FreeBSD.cz или http://www.cz.FreeBSD.org/listserv/listinfo/users-l/[WWW].
+* *Đ½ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ†ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- http://www.freebsd.de/mailinglists.html[Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ] или http://www.freebsd.de[ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº].
+* *Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†ÑƒĐ·Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- listserver@FreeBSD-fr.org или http://www.FreeBSD-fr.org/[WWW].
+* *Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ³ĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- bsd@lista.bsd.hu, http://lista.bsd.hu/[Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ] или http://datacast.hu/pipermail/bsd/[ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº].
+* *Đ¸Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- id-freebsd-subscribe@egroups.com
+* *Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- mailman-owner@gufi.org или http://liste.gufi.org/[WWW].
+* *Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- freebsd-users-jp@FreeBSD.org или http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-users-jp[WWW].
+* *ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- majordomo@kr.FreeBSD.org или http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/support.shtml#mailing-list[WWW].
+* *Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- bsd-owner@lists.bsd.lv или http://lists.bsd.lv/[WWW].
+* *Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- majordomo@nl.FreeBSD.org.
+* *Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ²ĐµĐ¶Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- bsd@nobug.no или http://www.nobug.no/[WWW].
+* *Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- majordomo@bsdguru.org или http://www.bsdguru.org/indeX.php?f=1080001[WWW].
+* *Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- freebsd@npf.pt.freebsd.org или http://npf.pt.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd[WWW].
+* *руÑ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- majordomo@uafug.org.ua или http://uafug.org.ua/[WWW].
+* *Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ†ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- majordomo@sk.FreeBSD.org
+* *иÑ�Đ¿Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- https://listas.es.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo[WWW].
+* *ÑˆĐ²ĐµĐ´Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- bus@stacken.kth.se или https://lists.stacken.kth.se/mailman/listinfo/bus[WWW].
+* *Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€ĐµÑ†ĐºĐ¸Đ¹* -- freebsd@lists.enderunix.org или http://lists.enderunix.org[WWW].
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ FreeBSD, link:../../mailto/[Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/newsgroups.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/newsgroups.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bff1ba12d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/newsgroups.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¢ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ¢ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ link:{handbook}#eresources-news[Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹], Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… FreeBSD Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD, Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚ Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD. Đ�бÑ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� link:news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc]. Đ’Đ°Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² link:news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce].
+
+Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ BSD Ñ� иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1992 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ http://minnie.tuhs.org/BSD-info/bsdnews_search.html[The BSD Usenet News Searcher].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/social.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/social.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2d969d5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/social.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Đ¾Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ¡Đ¾Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ….
+
+* Đ¢Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾ 30,000 ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµĐ± Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ 'link:http://del.icio.us/tag/freebsd[freebsd]' Đ½Đ° http://del.icio.us[del.icio.us].
+* Đ¢Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ и Ñ…Đ°ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ 'link:http://flickr.com/search/?z=t&ss=2&w=all&q=freebsd&m=text[freebsd]' Đ½Đ° http://www.flickr.com[flickr].
+* Đ¡Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ½ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=freebsd&search_type=&aq=f[FreeBSD], Đ½Đ° http://www.youtube.com[YouTube]. Đ’ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ же Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ» http://www.youtube.com/bsdconferences[BSD Conferences], Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾ 1 Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… FreeBSD.
+* http://www.facebook.com/home.php#/group.php?gid=2204657214[Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD] Đ½Đ° http://www.facebook.com[Facebook] и http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=47628[Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° FreeBSD] Đ½Đ° http://www.linkedin.com[LinkedIn].
+* Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ° http://twitter.com/freebsdannounce[@freebsdannounce], http://twitter.com/freebsdblogs[@freebsdblogs], http://twitter.com/freebsd[@freebsd] или http://twitter.com/bsdevents[@bsdevents] Đ½Đ° http://twitter.com[Twitter].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/community/webresources.adoc b/website/content/ru/community/webresources.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b22124f1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/community/webresources.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "Web Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹"
+sidenav: community
+---
+
+= Web Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+Đ�Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ web-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ из Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ же Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ www.*Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°*.FreeBSD.org (Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/[www.de.FreeBSD.org] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ“ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ или http://www.au.FreeBSD.org/[www.au.FreeBSD.org] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ¸), или Đ²Ñ‹Đ±ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¾ из Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° link:../[Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ].
+
+Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹:
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/pt_BR/books/faq/[FAQ Đ½Đ° Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/faq/[FAQ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼]
+* http://www.FreeBSD-fr.org/[Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†ÑƒĐ·Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹]
+* http://www.hu.FreeBSD.org/hu/[Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ³ĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.or.id[Đ¸Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹]
+* http://www.gufi.org/[Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹]
+* http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹]
+* http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/[ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹]
+* http://npf.pt.FreeBSD.org/[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org.ru/[руÑ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru/books/faq/[FAQ]
+
+Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD и Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../news/newsflash/[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb59ef7340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đ° FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đ° FreeBSD
+
+== link:freebsd-license/[Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
+
+== link:freebsd-doc-license/[Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�]
+
+== link:trademarks/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ°Ñ…]
+
+== link:license/[Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� BSD]
+
+== link:daemon/[Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ BSD]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/LEGAL[Đ�Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING[Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ�Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� GNU]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB[Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ�Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� GNU Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐº]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/privacy/[ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/daemon.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/daemon.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64d86c9b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/daemon.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ BSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ BSD
+
+ĐœĐ°Đ»ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ° ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ†Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ°, Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ BSD. Đ’ UNIX(R)-Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ без ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹. Đ’Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�, Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ²ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ° Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½. Đ’ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đµ _Unix System Administration Handbook_ Đ­Đ²Đ¸ Đ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
+
+____
+"ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ ''Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½'' и ''Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½'', Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ UNIX и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹. ''Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½'' - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° ''Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ°''; Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ или Đ´ÑŒÑ�Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹. Đ”Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ½ĐµĐ³Ñ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� идеÑ� ''Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ°'' Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†ĐµĐ¿Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� ''Đ°Đ½Đ³ĐµĐ»Đ°-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�'' --- ''eudaemonia'', Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ или Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´ÑƒÑ…Đ°. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¾, Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ UNIX Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¸ÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸." (Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€. 403)
+____
+
+Đ¡Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ (и Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ) Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ° BSD Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ›Ñ�Ñ�Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ (John Lasseter). Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ° FreeBSD Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ» http://FromTo.Cc/hosokawa/gallery/[Đ¢Đ°Ñ†ÑƒĐ¼Đ¸ Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ²Đ°] (Tatsumi Hosokawa), Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� идеÑ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Đ½Ñƒ. Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ° и Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� mailto:mckusick@mckusick.com[Marshall Kirk McKusick]. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ� http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html[иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�]. Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ� Đ³Đ°Đ»ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ� link:../publish.html[Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹], Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ°.
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ http://www.freebsdmall.com[FreeBSD Mall] Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ»Ñ�ÑˆĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° image:../../../gifs/plueschtier-tiny.jpg[beanie daemon].
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� http://www.scotgold.com/acatalog/ScotGold_Catalogue_BSD_Daemon_Stuff_3.html[ScotGold] Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² 1 Đ´Ñ�Đ¹Đ¼ Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ° BSD.
+
+BSD Daemon Copyright 1988 by Marshall Kirk McKusick. All Rights Reserved.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ½Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у:
+
+____
+Marshall Kirk McKusick +
+1614 Oxford St +
+Berkeley, CA 94709-1608 +
+USA
+____
+
+или Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ mckusick@mckusick.com.
+
+link:..[Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ…]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32826df555
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Copyright 1992-2012 FreeBSD Project. Đ’Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹.
+
+Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и 'Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…' Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼, Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ или без Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹:
+
+. Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¸ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� copyright, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ· Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ².
+. Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� copyright, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ· Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и/или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑŒÑ�Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹.
+
+Đ­Đ¢Đ� ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ�Đ�Đ• Đ�Đ‘Đ•Đ¡ĐŸĐ•Đ§Đ•Đ�Đ˜Đ• ĐŸĐ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ’Đ›Đ¯Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¯ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ•Đ�Đ¢Đ�Đœ FREEBSD "Đ�Đ�Đ� Đ•Đ¡Đ¢Đ¬" Đ‘Đ•Đ— Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ“Đ�-Đ›Đ˜Đ‘Đ� Đ’Đ˜Đ”Đ� Đ“Đ�Đ Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ˜Đ™, Đ’Đ«Đ Đ�Đ–Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ«Đ¥ Đ¯Đ’Đ�Đ� Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ ĐŸĐ�ДРĐ�Đ—Đ£ĐœĐ•Đ’Đ�Đ•ĐœĐ«Đ¥, Đ’Đ�ЛЮЧĐ�Đ¯, Đ�Đ� Đ�Đ• Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ§Đ˜Đ’Đ�Đ¯Đ¡Đ¬ Đ˜ĐœĐ˜, ĐŸĐ�ДРĐ�Đ—Đ£ĐœĐ•Đ’Đ�Đ•ĐœĐ«Đ• Đ“Đ�Đ Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ˜Đ˜ Đ�Đ�ĐœĐœĐ•Đ Đ§Đ•Đ¡Đ�Đ�Đ™ ЦЕĐ�Đ�Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ˜ Đ˜ ĐŸĐ Đ˜Đ“Đ�Đ”Đ�Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ˜ Đ”Đ›Đ¯ Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ Đ•Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ™ Đ¦Đ•Đ›Đ˜. Đ�Đ˜ Đ’ Đ�Đ�Đ•Đœ Đ¡Đ›Đ£Đ§Đ�Đ•, Đ•Đ¡Đ›Đ˜ Đ�Đ• Đ¢Đ Đ•Đ‘Đ£Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¯ Đ¡Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ’Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¢Đ’Đ£Đ®Đ©Đ˜Đœ Đ—Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ�Đœ, Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ�Đ• Đ£Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ�ВЛЕĐ�Đ� Đ’ Đ£Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ™ ФĐ�Đ ĐœĐ•, Đ�Đ˜ Đ�Đ”Đ˜Đ� ДЕРЖĐ�Đ¢Đ•Đ›Đ¬ Đ�Đ’Đ¢Đ�Đ Đ¡Đ�Đ˜Đ¥ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ’ Đ˜ Đ�Đ˜ Đ�Đ”Đ�Đ� Đ”Đ Đ£Đ“Đ�Đ• Đ›Đ˜Đ¦Đ�, Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ�Đ Đ�Đ• ĐœĐ�Đ–Đ•Đ¢ Đ˜Đ—ĐœĐ•Đ�Đ¯Đ¢Đ¬ Đ˜/Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ ĐŸĐ�Đ’Đ¢Đ�Đ Đ�Đ� Đ Đ�Đ¡ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ Đ�Đ�Đ¯Đ¢Đ¬ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ£, Đ�Đ�Đ� Đ‘Đ«Đ›Đ� Đ Đ�ЗРЕШЕĐ�Đ� ВЫШЕ, Đ�Đ• Đ�Đ¢Đ’Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¢Đ’Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ« ĐŸĐ•Đ Đ•Đ” Đ’Đ�ĐœĐ˜ Đ—Đ� Đ£Đ‘Đ«Đ¢Đ�Đ˜, Đ’Đ�ЛЮЧĐ�Đ¯ ЛЮБЫЕ Đ�Đ‘Đ©Đ˜Đ•, Đ¡Đ›Đ£Đ§Đ�Đ™Đ�Đ«Đ•, Đ¡ĐŸĐ•Đ¦Đ˜Đ�ЛЬĐ�Đ«Đ• Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ ĐŸĐ�Đ¡Đ›Đ•Đ”Đ�Đ’Đ�Đ’Đ¨Đ˜Đ• Đ£Đ‘Đ«Đ¢Đ�Đ˜, ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ˜Đ¡Đ¢Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ®Đ©Đ˜Đ• Đ˜Đ— Đ˜Đ¡ĐŸĐ�ЛЬЗĐ�Đ’Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ¯ Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ�Đ•Đ’Đ�Đ—ĐœĐ�Đ–Đ�Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ˜ Đ˜Đ¡ĐŸĐ�ЛЬЗĐ�Đ’Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ¯ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ« (Đ’Đ�ЛЮЧĐ�Đ¯, Đ�Đ� Đ�Đ• Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ§Đ˜Đ’Đ�Đ¯Đ¡Đ¬ ĐŸĐ�Đ¢Đ•Đ Đ•Đ™ Đ”Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ«Đ¥, Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ”Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ«ĐœĐ˜, Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ’Đ¨Đ˜ĐœĐ˜ Đ�Đ•ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ’Đ˜Đ›Đ¬Đ�Đ«ĐœĐ˜, Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ ĐŸĐ�Đ¢Đ•Đ Đ¯ĐœĐ˜ ĐŸĐ Đ˜Đ�Đ•Đ¡Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ«ĐœĐ˜ Đ˜Đ—-Đ—Đ� Đ’Đ�Đ¡ Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ¢Đ Đ•Đ¢Đ¬Đ˜Đ¥ Đ›Đ˜Đ¦, Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ�Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ—Đ�Đœ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ« Đ Đ�Đ‘Đ�Đ¢Đ�Đ¢Đ¬ Đ¡Đ�Đ’ĐœĐ•Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ� Đ¡ Đ”Đ Đ£Đ“Đ˜ĐœĐ˜ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ�ĐœĐ˜), Đ”Đ�Đ–Đ• Đ•Đ¡Đ›Đ˜ Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ™ ДЕРЖĐ�Đ¢Đ•Đ›Đ¬ Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ”Đ Đ£Đ“Đ�Đ• Đ›Đ˜Đ¦Đ� Đ‘Đ«Đ›Đ˜ Đ˜Đ—Đ’Đ•Đ©Đ•Đ�Đ« Đ� Đ’Đ�Đ—ĐœĐ�Đ–Đ�Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ˜ Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ¥ Đ£Đ‘Đ«Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ’.
+
+ĐœĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ», Ñ�Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… или Ñ�ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ…, ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+_Đ’Đ�Đ–Đ�Đ�: Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹. Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ�; Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ½Đµ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼._
+
+link:..[Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ…]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-license.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-license.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be6780b786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/freebsd-license.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+Copyright 1992-2012 FreeBSD Project. Đ’Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹.
+
+Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и 'Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…' Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼, Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ или без Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹:
+
+. Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¸ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� copyright, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ· Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ².
+. Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� copyright, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ· Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и/или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑŒÑ�Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹.
+
+Đ­Đ¢Đ� ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ�Đ�Đ• Đ�Đ‘Đ•Đ¡ĐŸĐ•Đ§Đ•Đ�Đ˜Đ• ĐŸĐ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ’Đ›Đ¯Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¯ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ•Đ�Đ¢Đ�Đœ FREEBSD "Đ�Đ�Đ� Đ•Đ¡Đ¢Đ¬" Đ‘Đ•Đ— Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ“Đ�-Đ›Đ˜Đ‘Đ� Đ’Đ˜Đ”Đ� Đ“Đ�Đ Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ˜Đ™, Đ’Đ«Đ Đ�Đ–Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ«Đ¥ Đ¯Đ’Đ�Đ� Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ ĐŸĐ�ДРĐ�Đ—Đ£ĐœĐ•Đ’Đ�Đ•ĐœĐ«Đ¥, Đ’Đ�ЛЮЧĐ�Đ¯, Đ�Đ� Đ�Đ• Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ§Đ˜Đ’Đ�Đ¯Đ¡Đ¬ Đ˜ĐœĐ˜, ĐŸĐ�ДРĐ�Đ—Đ£ĐœĐ•Đ’Đ�Đ•ĐœĐ«Đ• Đ“Đ�Đ Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ˜Đ˜ Đ�Đ�ĐœĐœĐ•Đ Đ§Đ•Đ¡Đ�Đ�Đ™ ЦЕĐ�Đ�Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ˜ Đ˜ ĐŸĐ Đ˜Đ“Đ�Đ”Đ�Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ˜ Đ”Đ›Đ¯ Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ Đ•Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ™ Đ¦Đ•Đ›Đ˜. Đ�Đ˜ Đ’ Đ�Đ�Đ•Đœ Đ¡Đ›Đ£Đ§Đ�Đ•, Đ•Đ¡Đ›Đ˜ Đ�Đ• Đ¢Đ Đ•Đ‘Đ£Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¯ Đ¡Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ’Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¢Đ’Đ£Đ®Đ©Đ˜Đœ Đ—Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ�Đœ, Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ�Đ• Đ£Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ�ВЛЕĐ�Đ� Đ’ Đ£Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ™ ФĐ�Đ ĐœĐ•, Đ�Đ˜ Đ�Đ”Đ˜Đ� ДЕРЖĐ�Đ¢Đ•Đ›Đ¬ Đ�Đ’Đ¢Đ�Đ Đ¡Đ�Đ˜Đ¥ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ’ Đ˜ Đ�Đ˜ Đ�Đ”Đ�Đ� Đ”Đ Đ£Đ“Đ�Đ• Đ›Đ˜Đ¦Đ�, Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ�Đ Đ�Đ• ĐœĐ�Đ–Đ•Đ¢ Đ˜Đ—ĐœĐ•Đ�Đ¯Đ¢Đ¬ Đ˜/Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ ĐŸĐ�Đ’Đ¢Đ�Đ Đ�Đ� Đ Đ�Đ¡ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ Đ�Đ�Đ¯Đ¢Đ¬ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ£, Đ�Đ�Đ� Đ‘Đ«Đ›Đ� Đ Đ�ЗРЕШЕĐ�Đ� ВЫШЕ, Đ�Đ• Đ�Đ¢Đ’Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¢Đ’Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ« ĐŸĐ•Đ Đ•Đ” Đ’Đ�ĐœĐ˜ Đ—Đ� Đ£Đ‘Đ«Đ¢Đ�Đ˜, Đ’Đ�ЛЮЧĐ�Đ¯ ЛЮБЫЕ Đ�Đ‘Đ©Đ˜Đ•, Đ¡Đ›Đ£Đ§Đ�Đ™Đ�Đ«Đ•, Đ¡ĐŸĐ•Đ¦Đ˜Đ�ЛЬĐ�Đ«Đ• Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ ĐŸĐ�Đ¡Đ›Đ•Đ”Đ�Đ’Đ�Đ’Đ¨Đ˜Đ• Đ£Đ‘Đ«Đ¢Đ�Đ˜, ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ˜Đ¡Đ¢Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ®Đ©Đ˜Đ• Đ˜Đ— Đ˜Đ¡ĐŸĐ�ЛЬЗĐ�Đ’Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ¯ Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ�Đ•Đ’Đ�Đ—ĐœĐ�Đ–Đ�Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ˜ Đ˜Đ¡ĐŸĐ�ЛЬЗĐ�Đ’Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ¯ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ« (Đ’Đ�ЛЮЧĐ�Đ¯, Đ�Đ� Đ�Đ• Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ§Đ˜Đ’Đ�Đ¯Đ¡Đ¬ ĐŸĐ�Đ¢Đ•Đ Đ•Đ™ Đ”Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ«Đ¥, Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ”Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ«ĐœĐ˜, Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ’Đ¨Đ˜ĐœĐ˜ Đ�Đ•ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ’Đ˜Đ›Đ¬Đ�Đ«ĐœĐ˜, Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ ĐŸĐ�Đ¢Đ•Đ Đ¯ĐœĐ˜ ĐŸĐ Đ˜Đ�Đ•Đ¡Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ«ĐœĐ˜ Đ˜Đ—-Đ—Đ� Đ’Đ�Đ¡ Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ¢Đ Đ•Đ¢Đ¬Đ˜Đ¥ Đ›Đ˜Đ¦, Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ�Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ—Đ�Đœ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ« Đ Đ�Đ‘Đ�Đ¢Đ�Đ¢Đ¬ Đ¡Đ�Đ’ĐœĐ•Đ¡Đ¢Đ�Đ� Đ¡ Đ”Đ Đ£Đ“Đ˜ĐœĐ˜ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ�ĐœĐ˜), Đ”Đ�Đ–Đ• Đ•Đ¡Đ›Đ˜ Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ™ ДЕРЖĐ�Đ¢Đ•Đ›Đ¬ Đ˜Đ›Đ˜ Đ”Đ Đ£Đ“Đ�Đ• Đ›Đ˜Đ¦Đ� Đ‘Đ«Đ›Đ˜ Đ˜Đ—Đ’Đ•Đ©Đ•Đ�Đ« Đ� Đ’Đ�Đ—ĐœĐ�Đ–Đ�Đ�Đ¡Đ¢Đ˜ Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ¥ Đ£Đ‘Đ«Đ¢Đ�Đ�Đ’.
+
+ĐœĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ», Ñ�Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… или Ñ�ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ…, ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+_Đ’Đ�Đ–Đ�Đ�: Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹. Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ�; Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ½Đµ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼._
+
+link:..[Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ…]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/license.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/license.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ec6e03863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/license.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+title: "The 4.4BSD Copyright"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= The 4.4BSD Copyright
+
+All of the documentation and software included in the 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite Releases is copyrighted by The Regents of the University of California.
+
+Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement:
++
+____
+This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+____
+. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.
+
+In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions of the system documentation.
+
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the second BSD Networking Software Release, from IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments (POSIX), copyright C 1988 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE Standard, the original IEEE Standard is the referee document.
+
+In the following statement, the phrase ``This material'' refers to portions of the system documentation.
+
+This material is reproduced with permission from American National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems. Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), 311 First St., NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001-2178. The developmental work of Programming Language C was completed by the X3J11 Technical Committee.
+
+The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Regents of the University of California.
+
+_Đ—Đ�ĐœĐ•Đ§Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ•:_ Đ¢ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¸ Berkeley Software Distribution ("BSD") Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ² Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½. Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change и Đ¾Đ½ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ.
+
+____
+22 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999
+
+Đ’Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ и диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ BSD:
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Berkeley Software Distribution ("BSD") Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¼, ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸ и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+Đ’ уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐºĐ²Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
+
+....
+"     * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+      *           must display the following acknowledgement:
+      *           This product includes software developed by the University of
+      *           California, Berkeley and its contributors."
+....
+
+Đ¡ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ и диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Ñ‹. Đ’ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Ñ… BSD Unix, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚, ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�.
+
+Đ’Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ¼ Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ½Ñ� +
+Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¸Đº Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ +
+Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚, Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸
+____
+
+link:..[Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ…]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/copyright/trademarks.adoc b/website/content/ru/copyright/trademarks.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd2849d70b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/copyright/trademarks.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ°Ñ…"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ°Ñ…
+
+Đ—Đ½Đ°Đº FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+Đ›Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+Đ¡Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/documents/Guidelines.shtml[уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ¹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ°] http://www.freebsdfoundation.org[Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, и PostScript Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ или Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ или Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Adobe Systems Incorporated Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… и/или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ….
+
+AMD, Am486, Am5X86, AMD Athlon, AMD Duron, AMD Opteron, AMD-K6, Élan, Operton и PCnet Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+
+Apple, FireWire, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Quicktime, и TrueType Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Apple Computer, Inc., Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ….
+
+CVSup Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đº John D. Polstra.
+
+IBM и PowerPC Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ International Business Machines Corporation Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ…, или Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾.
+
+IEEE, POSIX, и 802 Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+
+Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, и Xeon Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ или Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Intel Corporation или ее Đ´Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ….
+
+Linux Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đº Linus Torvalds Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ….
+
+Motif, OSF/1, и UNIX Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸, IT DialTone и Open Group Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Open Group Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ….
+
+MySQL Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đº MySQL AB Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Đ•Đ²Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ĐµĐ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�зе и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ….
+
+Silicon Graphics, SGI, и OpenGL Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Silicon Graphics, Inc., Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… и/или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ.
+
+Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, и UltraSPARC Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ SPARC International, Inc Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ…. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đº SPARC, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+
+Sun, Sun Microsystems, SunOS, Solaris, и Java Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ или Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Sun Microsystems, Inc. Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ….
+
+XFree86 Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đº XFree86 Project, Inc.
+
+ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ²Ñ†Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹, Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ, и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐµ, Đº Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ²Đ¾Đ» '(TM)' или '(R)'.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/developers/cvs.adoc b/website/content/ru/developers/cvs.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59cacecc71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/developers/cvs.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: "CVS Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= CVS Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹
+
+http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cvs[CVS] (Concurrent Version System) Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ�Đ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ (Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒÑ� Đ² Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đµ, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»), Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� FreeBSD 2.0 Đ²Đ¿Đ»Đ¾Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� здеÑ�ÑŒ. Đ˜Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Web-Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ÑƒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ� CVS Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD или Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ из Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ²:
+
+* link:{handbook}#CVSUP[cvsup] Đ² Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ, еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ (Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ, Đ½Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ, Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ Modula-3).
+* link:{handbook}#ANONCVS[anoncvs], еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆÑƒÑ�, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ cvsup, Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ» (Đ² Ñ�Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ�ле Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ и Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°), Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºÑƒÑ�Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° и Đ¾Đ½ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾, ĐºÑ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ cvs ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚, ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºÑƒ FreeBSD.
+* link:{handbook}#CTM[CTM] еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ» Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đ² Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ (Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ).
+* Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org[web-Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼], еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ или Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°.
+* Đ˜ Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ» или же Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ или Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ FTP, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¾ CVS Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/FreeBSD-CVS[ftp.freebsd.org].
+
+Đ—ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ° web Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ° Đº CVS Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² http://cvs.freebsd.uwaterloo.ca/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/[Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ´Đµ], http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/[Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¸], http://cvsup.pt.FreeBSD.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/cvsweb.cgi/[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ¸], Đ² http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/[Đ¡Đ¨Đ�/Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ�] и Đ² http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua/cgi/cvsweb.cgi?cvsroot=freebsd[Đ£ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¸Đ½Đµ].
+
+ĐŸÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Subversion Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¾ src/ CVS Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° svn://svn.clkao.org/freebsd/. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ http://svn.clkao.org/svnweb/freebsd/[web Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�]. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ» Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ svk Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bba67074d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+== Đ�Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€
+
+Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ и Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹, Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñˆ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼.
+
+Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³ Đ¿Đ¾ BSD Unix (и Đ¾Đ± UNIX(R) Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ), FreeBSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Unix-Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… ее Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹, Đ°ĐºĐºÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ The FreeBSD Documentation Project Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ†ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ». Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ¼Đ¸:
+
+. Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆÑƒÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ ее Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ _FreeBSD Documentation Set_.
+. Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ и ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ и Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� _FreeBSD Documentation Set_.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="100%",]
+|===
+a|
+[.center]
+=== link:current[Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹]
+
+Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ _Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¿Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸_ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ²Ñ‹Đ±ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº и Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ли Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾, Đ² Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ *Đ²Ñ‹* Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ.
+
+|===
+
+== link:who[Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ и ĐºĐ°Đº Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, и ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�.
+
+== link:doc-set[The FreeBSD Documentation Set]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD, и Ñ‚Đ¾, ĐºĐ°ĐºÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+== link:sgml[SGML и Documentation Project]
+
+ДлÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ SGML. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đº Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ°Đ¼ SGML.
+
+== link:submitting[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸]
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ FreeBSD Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ± Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾.
+
+== link:translations[ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´]
+
+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD, Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ²ĐµĐ±, Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° и FAQ.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/current.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/current.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2e6d1e1bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/current.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹
+
+ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Đ½ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ (или Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-doc).
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼. ĐŸĐ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ·Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚, и Đ¾Đ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ идеи Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org.
+
+* <<todo,TODO Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸>>
+* <<pr,Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸>>
+* <<handbook-index,Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ>>
+* <<slides,Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ´Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ²>>
+* <<freebsd4linux,FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Linux>>
+* <<handbooksection,Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ и/или FAQ>>
+* <<newpapers,Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²>>
+* <<cgiscripts,Đ¡ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ CGI>>
+* <<multilingualwebscripts,ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°>>
+* <<translations,ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD>>
+* <<search-enhancements,Đ£Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°>>
+
+[[todo]]
+== TODO Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+link:&enbase;/docproj/todo.html[TODO] Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ‹. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°.
+
+[[pr]]
+== Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ±Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… GNATS. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?category=docs&responsible=[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ] Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+[[handbook-index]]
+== Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* FreeBSD-doc < FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* Đ’ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ FreeBSD Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ² без Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ или Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ² Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�лиÑ�ÑŒ Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ¸Ñ… иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² `???` Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° и Đ²Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹, Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ (Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ) Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¾Đ¹ Chicago Manual of Style или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºÑƒ и, ĐºÑ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ» CVS Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² chapter.xml, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ PostScript, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ° или ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼ÑƒÑ� здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Ñƒ Đ² Đ´Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ `???`.
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚ `doc/share/misc/indexreport.pl`, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ SGML-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ <indexterm> Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐºĐ¾.
+
+[[slides]]
+== Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ´Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ²
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* FreeBSD-doc <FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org>, ĐœÑ�Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐ¹ Đ¡Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐµĐ»Đ¸ <murray@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* Đ� Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñƒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ `doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/slides` Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ DocBook-slides DTD. Đ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Ñ‹, Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ† Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° из Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… XML-иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ´Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đµ 'make'. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�! Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ PDF (иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ XSLT-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Java, Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ PassiveTeX Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ´Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹) Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ‹, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ¹ DocBook Slides XSL-FO Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ´Đ¾Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+[[[freebsd4linux]]
+== FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Linux
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* FreeBSD-doc <FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ Linux Đº FreeBSD, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ĐºĐ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ (Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐµ и Ñ‚.Đ´.).
+
+[[handbooksection]]
+== Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ и/или FAQ
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* Đ�Đ¸ĐºÑ‚Đ¾
+
+*Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FAQ и Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹. Đ˜Ñ… Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Đ¸Ñ… Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‹.
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�делали Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ² FAQ или Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ». Đ—Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đº, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ.
+
+[[newpapers]]
+== Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
+
+=== Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½ÑŒ SCSI Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD (CAM)
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* <doc@FreeBSD.org>, <scsi@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚ http://www.FreeBSD.org/~gibbs/[Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ SCSI Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD].
+
+[[cgiscripts]]
+== Đ¡ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ CGI
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* <doc@FreeBSD.org>, Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* Đ˜Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ CGI Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² url.cgi, ports.cgi, pds.cgi и Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ° portindex Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Perl Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ĐµĐ¹ http://people.FreeBSD.org/~tom/portpm/[FreeBSD::Ports] modules. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+[[multilingualwebscripts]]
+== ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* <doc@FreeBSD.org>
+
+*Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:*
+
+Đ�Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° (Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼) Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ link:../translations[FreeBSD Translations Projects] Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°, Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° и FAQ Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¸.
+
+ĐœÑ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ cgi, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ и Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Web-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†. Đ¡ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ° Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ perl.
+
+* Đ�бÑ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ°Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ² perl ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/www/en/ports/portindex[www/en/ports/portindex] и ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/www/ja/ports/portindex[www/ja/ports/portindex] Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚. Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ или Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ°Ñ….
+
+[[translations]]
+== ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* <doc@FreeBSD.org>
+
+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD (Web-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹, FAQ, Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°) Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¸. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº link:../translations[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° FreeBSD]
+
+[[search-enhancements]]
+== Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°
+
+*Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹:* Eric Anderson <anderson@centtech.com>
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Đ¿Đ¾ Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñƒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, `FAQ34.html`.
+
+Đ‘ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾, еÑ�ли Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ и Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ, Đ½Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�у.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/doc-set.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/doc-set.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7ccc8900e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/doc-set.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= FreeBSD Documentation Project: Documentation Set
+
+Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ±Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸:
+
+. http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi[*Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°*]
++
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ˜Ñ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼. Đ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½, Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ†Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¸.
++
+Đ�ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ·Ñ� Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ½Đµ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹, Đ²Đ¾Đ²Ñ�е Đ½ĐµÑ‚. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD, и Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ² Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ту Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ».
+. link:../../docs/books[*Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸*]
++
+Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³ÑˆĐµĐ¹ "ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹", или Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¹. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ FreeBSD FAQ и Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+. link:../../docs/books#articles[*Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸*]
++
+Đ’ FreeBSD еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸, Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ или HOWTO Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+link:..[FreeBSD Documentation Project Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4bd7bca7c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/handbook.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹
+
+== Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, 2-е Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆÑ‘Đ½. Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ 2-е Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ http://www.freebsdmall.com[The FreeBSD Mall]. Đ’ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đµ 653 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹, ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ ISBN - 1571763031. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼ Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ. ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ http://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=0+0+archive/2001/freebsd-announce/20011028.freebsd-announce[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· send-pr(1) или Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ -doc. Đ¡Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ±Đ¾!
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ—Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° |Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+|Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Wind River |Murray |17 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ без Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° |Val |11 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ XDM |Seth |23 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» 4.3 Đ¾Đ± "Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹". |Chern |15 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ¾Đ² Đ² doc.docbook.mk |Nik |19 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ XFree86 4.x |Chris Shumway |11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ KDE, Gnome и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее. |Val |Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾Đ± amd |Wylie, Val |11 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ FreeBSD |Chern, Murray |10 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ASCII-ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�ÑƒĐ½ĐºĐ¸ (17.2.2, 17.6.3 и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее) |Chern |11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ 1-2 |Murray |24 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ 3-4 |Val |11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ 5-6 |Val |11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ 7-8 |Val |19 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ 9-10 |Murray |24 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ 11-12 |Murray |30 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ 13 |Val |11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ 14-15 |Murray |30 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹ Đ² Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ 21-22 |Val |20 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐºÑ€Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�дели Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸. |Murray |20 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ PGP из Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸ |Murray |11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ |Nik, Murray, Foundation |18 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|ĐŸĐ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ… Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ |Murray, Chern |18 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ² |Murray, Chern |20 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ£Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‘Đ½ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‘Đ½ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее |Murray, Chern |20 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚ collateattributions.pl Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ…. |Chern |8 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹, Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº ??? |Chern |6 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ X11 и Đ¸Đ·Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ° ЛиÑ�Ñ�. |Murray, Nik, Chris Shumway, Others |20 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾ PPP/SLIP |Brian Somers |18 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… |Murray |18 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ˜Đ·Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� F |Murray |13 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹, Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đº Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñƒ, Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² |Murray |19 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ² Đ² Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ¹. |Murray |19 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Perforce Đ² WRS Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Murray |11 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ иллÑ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đµ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. |Michelle / WRS Art |18 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¸ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¡Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚. |Michelle / WRS Art |23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ”Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ½ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ¸. |Michelle / WRS Art |23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� sysinstall и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее из Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Đ Ñ�Đ½Đ´Đ¸ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‚Đ° (Randy Pratt). |Randy Pratt, Murray, Nik |18 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Đ² Đ²Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ. |rope jkh into it |20 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ "ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€" Đ² 'Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚' (Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾ Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐºĐµ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ°). |Murray, Nik, Chern, Val |18 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ | |20 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ� |Val |7 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ’Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ Đº Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸ | |7 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ |Murray |23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ |Murray |2 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|*ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Ñƒ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº.* |Jim, Chern, John Murphy, Everyone! |5 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ—Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� DocBook Speller и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ‡ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾. |Chern |6 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾Đ± inetd Đ² Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸. |Chern |8 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ±ÑƒĐºĐ² Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ² |Chern |13 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ£Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ²ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Ñƒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°. | |7 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ. |Murray |23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đµ. |Jordan |23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ "ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ´ FreeBSD". |Murray, Nik |23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼. | |23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đµ. Đ ĐµĐ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸. | |23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đº Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đµ Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ. |Probably Nik | |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ’Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. |Murray |10 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2001 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|===
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+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: 3-е Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: 3-е Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°
+
+== Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, 3-е Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+3-е Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ… Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ из ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ 400 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†. Đ¢Đ¾Đ¼ I (Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�) Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¼, Đ° Đ¢Đ¾Đ¼ II (Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°) Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ -doc. Đ¡Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ±Đ¾!
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ—Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° |Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ |Status
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ² URL, ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. |&a.murray; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ <colspecs> Đ² Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. |&a.murray; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ£Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Đ°Đ»Ñ„Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾-Ñ†Đ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½ĐºĐ¸ |&a.murray; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME |&a.marcus; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐºÑ€Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. |&a.murray; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ² |&a.trhodes; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ�беÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‘Đ½ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‘Đ½ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее |&a.blackend; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ²Đ½Ñ‘Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´. |&a.chern; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾ PPP/SLIP |&a.trhodes; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¾Đ± IPSec |&a.hmp;, &a.chern; |26 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ иллÑ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đº Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Ñƒ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. | |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¸ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¡Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚. |&a.hrs; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ”Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ½ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ¸. | |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ²Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле 5.0. | |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² |&a.murray; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|*ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ² ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đµ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº.* |Đ’Ñ�е! |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ€Ñ„Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°. Đ§ĐµÑ€Đ½ (Chern) Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ» Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Tcl и Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ¸Ñ… Đ² doc@ Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹. | |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ£Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´Ñ‘Đ½ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ |&a.ceri; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ£Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Ñƒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°. (Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…/Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ°Ñ…) |&a.trhodes; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ± ACPI. |&a.trhodes; и &a.njl; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Kerberos5 и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Kerberos4. |&a.trhodes; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ. |&a.murray; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đµ. | |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼. | |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đµ. Đ ĐµĐ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‹. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ "make indexcheck" Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸, Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾. | |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… (Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� "XXX - Write me!"). ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‘Đ½ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€. | |19 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ¢Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ° Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸-ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ¶Đ°Ñ… Đ² Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đµ Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ…. | |22 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đ² Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ. |&a.trhodes; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ cron(8). |&a.trhodes; |18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2003 |Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|Đ’Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. |&a.murray; | |Đ�е Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾
+|===
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+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: SGML"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: SGML
+
+The Documentation Project иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ SGML Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+Đ¡Đ¾ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ SGML Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ **S**tandard **G**eneralized **M**arkup **L**anguage (Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¤Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¯Đ·Ñ‹Đº Đ Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸).
+
+ĐŸĐ¾ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸ (и Đ´Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ� SGML-Đ¿ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Đ°ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸, Đº ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ�) SGML Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¾Đ².
+
+Đ¡ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ²Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Ñ� SGML, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼. HTML, Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº, Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ web, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° SGML. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ² HTML, Đ²Ñ‹ *Đ½Đµ* Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° SGML (per se), Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº, Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ SGML.
+
+Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� SGML. HTML - Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ из Đ½Đ¸Ñ…. Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� "DocBook". Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ² (Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ `<Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ²>`) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» ĐµĐ³Đ¾ и Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ» Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼.
+
+Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ²Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„ Đ² HTML (Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đµ, Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¸):
+
+....
+    <p>ĐŸĐ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² <tt>/etc/passwd</tt>.  Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚
+      Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ», Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ <b><tt>vipw</tt></b>.  Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾, еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼
+      Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ
+      Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ <b><tt>adduser</tt></b>.</p>
+....
+
+Đ¢Đ¾Ñ‚ же Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„, Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đµ DocBook, Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº
+
+....
+    <para>ĐŸĐ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>.  Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹
+      Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ», Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ
+      <command>vipw</command>.  Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾, еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²
+      Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹
+      <command>adduser</command>.</para>
+....
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ, DocBook Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 'Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½', Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ HTML. Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Ñ� HTML Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ 'Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ĐºĐ¸'. Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Ñ� DocBook Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đº 'Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°', ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�.
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸:
+
+* Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ или Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ¹.
++
+Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�, Đ¾Đ±Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ� "Đ¥Đ¼, Đ¼Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ ли Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ 'tt', 'b', или, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚, 'em'?"
++
+Đ’Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐ³ Đ² Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ.
++
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� из DocBook Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ (HTML, Postscript(R), и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее) Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ <filename> Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�дели Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾.
+* Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Đµ Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, и Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼.
+* Đ¢Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸ Đº ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñƒ, Ñ‚Đ° же Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚, HTML, PostScript, RTF, PDF и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее.
+* Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 'ÑƒĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¹', Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�е ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹, ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đµ.
+
+Đ�Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ¹ Microsoft(R) Word, Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Đµ.
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾ же, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ¹;
+
+* Đ¢Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ, Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾.
++
+Đ¥Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ± Đ¾Đ±ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� SGML и DocBook Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº ÑƒĐ¶ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚.
+
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ DocBook? ĐœĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�?
+
+Да, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾. Đ›Ñ�баÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ ее Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, и Đ¾Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ DocBook, Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ÑˆĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾.
+
+link:../submitting/[ĐŸĐ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ] Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼. Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ из ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�лали, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ ее Đ·Đ° Đ²Đ°Ñ� и Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. Đ¡ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� "Đ´Đ¾ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле", Ñ‚.е. Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹, и, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ, ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸.
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¾, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ°.
+
+== Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¾ SGML и DocBook?
+
+ДлÑ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ link:{fdp-primer}[*Documentation Project Primer*]. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ². Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ link:{fdp-primer}#book[*Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹*].
+
+http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/sgml-xml.html[*http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/sgml-xml.html*]::
+Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° SGML/XML. Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ беÑ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ SGML.
+http://www-sul.stanford.edu/tools/tutorials/html2.0/gentle.html[*http://www-sul.stanford.edu/tools/tutorials/html2.0/gentle.html*]::
+"Gentle Introduction to SGML". Đ ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ SGML Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾.
+http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/[*http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/*]::
+DocBook DTD Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� OASIS. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‡ÑƒĐ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�ебÑ� ÑƒĐ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� SGML и Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ DocBook.
+
+link:..[FreeBSD Documentation Project Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/submitting.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/submitting.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abf3ad0b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/submitting.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+== Đ¯ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ» Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ²Đ°Đ¼ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ?
+
+Đ’Đ¾-Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…, Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ±Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� и Ñ�делали Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾.
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°ÑˆÑƒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐµÑ‘ Đ½Đ° FTP или Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ -doc Ñ� ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° ĐµÑ‘ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒĐ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ FTP или Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐµÑ‘ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ -doc. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°.
+
+Đ¡ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ²Ñ‹ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ cc: Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµÑ�Ñ� Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� CVSup Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ `FreeBSD-current` и `FreeBSD-stable`.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ»Ñ�ди Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆÑƒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, и Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ ÑˆĐ°Đ½Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ из Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ²Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ту Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ·Đ°Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ ĐµÑ‘ Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ tar-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ». Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ², `one`, `two` и `three`, Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ `doc.tar`, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
+
+....
+% tar cf doc.tar one two three
+....
+
+Đ—Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ tar-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°:
+
+....
+% gzip -9 doc.tar
+....
+
+Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� `doc.tar.gz`.
+
+Đ˜, Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ»Ñ�Đ±ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹.
+
+....
+% uuencode doc.tar.gz doc.tar.gz > doc.uue
+....
+
+Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ½Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ *send-pr*, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ.
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¾. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đµ PR (Problem Report - Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ), ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€. Đ�Đ´Đ¸Đ½ из ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ PR Ñ�ебе, и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ.
+
+*send-pr* Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ебе Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°. Đ’Ñ�е, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚ - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼, Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ *send-pr*, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đµ (Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, *vi* или *emacs*) Ñ� Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ½ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+Đ£Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚ "Category" уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ² "docs", Đ° Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐµ "Class" Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ "change-request". Đ’Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ PR Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `.uue`.
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼, PR Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´Đ°, ĐºÑƒĐ´Đ° Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾. Đ’Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ²ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Ñ†Đµ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ PR, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�ÑƒĐ´ÑŒĐ±Ñ‹.
+
+== Đ¯ Ñ�делал Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ?
+
+ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�.
+
+ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ», Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ _diff_. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ diff-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ли. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ³Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đµ, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾ (Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹).
+
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ 'diff', Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹:
+
+. Đ¡Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đµ `foo.xml`, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ
++
+....
+% cp foo.xml foo.xml.old
+....
+. Đ—Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² foo.xml
++
+....
+% vi foo.xml
+... ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ† ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ† ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ† ...
+
+... Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ ...
+....
+. Đ”ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµĐ¼ diff. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ делаÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�:
++
+....
+% diff -ru foo.xml.old foo.xml > foo.diff
+....
++
+ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `foo.diff`.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ `foo.diff` Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°. ĐŸĐ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ PR Ñ‚Đ°Đº, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Đ² Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `foo.diff`.
+
+link:..[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/translations.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/translations.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25289d2e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/translations.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD: ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD: ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹
+
+* <<brazilian_portuguese,ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼>>
+* <<bulgarian,Đ‘Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ°Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<chinese-cn,ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼>>
+* <<chinese-tw,ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼>>
+* <<dutch,Đ”Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸>>
+* <<estonian,Đ­Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<french,Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†ÑƒĐ·Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<german,Đ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ†ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<italian,Đ˜Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<japanese,Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<korean,Đ�Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<polish,ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<romanian,Đ ÑƒĐ¼Ñ‹Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<russian,Đ ÑƒÑ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<spanish,Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<turkish,Đ¢ÑƒÑ€ĐµÑ†ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸>>
+
+[[brazilian_portuguese]]
+== Đ‘Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://doc.fugspbr.org/ +
+*E-Mail*: lioux@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ http://lists.fugspbr.org/listinfo.cgi/doc-fugspbr.org/ Đ·Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ°. +
+Đ˜Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° mailto:doc-request@fugspbr.org?subject=subscribe[doc-request@fugspbr.org] Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ "subscribe" Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ°. +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ doc@fugspbr.org
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/pt_BR/books/faq/[FAQ]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/pt_BR/articles/contributing/[Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ FreeBSD]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+http://doc.fugspbr.org/fdp/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²]
++
+http://doc.fugspbr.org/handbook/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD]
+
+[[bulgarian]]
+== Đ‘Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ°Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚*: http://fdp.bg-freebsd.org/ +
+*Đ­Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°*: freebsd-fdp@bg-freebsd.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ http://lists.bg-freebsd.org/, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ°Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ°. +
+Đ›Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-fdp-subscribe@bg-freebsd.org. +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-fdp@bg-freebsd.org
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+http://www.cybershade.us/freebsd/bg/fdp/split/[Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¿Đ¾ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD
++
+Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ FreeBSD
++
+Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� 4.4BSD (Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ°)
++
+ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD
+
+[[chinese-tw]]
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼
+
+*Web*: - +
+*E-Mail*: foxfair@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+ĐŸĐ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ "subscribe freebsd-chinese-doc" Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� majordomo@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw. +
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ° ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у freebsd-chinese-doc@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh-tw/books/faq/[FAQ]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+http://www.tw.FreeBSD.org/handbook-big5.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾]
+
+[[chinese-cn]]
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼
+
+*Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚*: http://www.FreeBSD.org.cn[www.FreeBSD.org.cn] +
+*Đ­Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°*: delphij@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ http://lists.cn.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo
+_ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/zh_CN/[Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/arch-handbook[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/developers-handbook[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/handbook[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/porters-handbook[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]
++
+http://cnsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org/doc/zh_CN/books/faq[FAQ]
+
+[[dutch]]
+== Đ”Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+*Đ­Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°*: remko@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD-doc-nl, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� majordomo@majordomo.elvandar.org Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ "subscribe freebsd-doc-nl" Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ°. +
++
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ CVS FreeBSD-doc-nl-cvs, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� majordomo@majordomo.elvandar.org Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ "subscribe freebsd-doc-nl-cvs" Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ°. +
+_Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+http://www.freebsd.org/doc/nl/books/handbook[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ (Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾ 80%)]
+_Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�_::
+http://www.freebsd-nl.org/doc/nl[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾]
++
+http://www.freebsd-nl.org/www/nl[Web-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°]
+
+[[estonian]]
+== Đ­Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.bsd.ee/tolge.php +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+http://www.bsd.ee/handbook/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD]
+
+[[french]]
+== Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†ÑƒĐ·Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.freebsd-fr.org/[http://www.freebsd-fr.org] +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+ĐŸĐ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ "SUB freebsd-questions" Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� listserver@freebsd-fr.org, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹. +
++
+ĐŸĐ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ "SUB annonces" Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� listserver@freebsd-fr.org, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. +
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/fr/books/faq[FAQ]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/fr/articles/[Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ�]
++
+http://www.freebsd-fr.org/local-fr/www/spec/bulletins_index.html[Really Quick Newsletters]
++
+http://www.freebsd-fr.org/doc/fr/books/picobsd/[PicoBSD]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/fr/books/handbook/book[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/fr/[Web]
+_Đ”ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ CVS_::
+http://www.freebsd-fr.org/cgi-fr/cvsweb.cgi/[CVS web]
++
+ĐŸĐ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ "SUB cvs" Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� listserver@freebsd-fr.org Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ French CVS update. +
+
+[[german]]
+== Đ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ†ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚*: http://people.FreeBSD.org/~mheinen/de-bsd-translators/de-bsd-translators.html +
+*Đ­Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°*: de-bsd-translators@de.FreeBSD.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/de/books/faq/[FAQ], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/de/articles/[Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/de/books/handbook/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/de/books/fdp-primer/[Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº FDP], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/de/[Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚]
+
+[[italian]]
+== Đ˜Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚*: http://www.gufi.org/~alex/ +
+*Đ­Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°*: ale@freebsd.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ http://liste.gufi.org/mailman/listinfo/traduzioni. +
+Đ›Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� mailto:traduzioni-request@gufi.org?subject=subscribe[traduzioni-request@gufi.org], ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ² "subscribe" Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. +
+ĐŸÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ° ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у traduzioni@gufi.org
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/it/books/unix-introduction/[Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Unix]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/it/docs/#articles[Đ�еÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Đ´ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/it/books/handbook/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/it/[Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚]
+_CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ_::
+http://cvs.gufi.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/doc/[Web-Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đº CVS]
++
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ mailto:cvs-all-request@gufi.org?subject=subscribe[cvs-all-request@gufi.org] Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ "subscribe" Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ°. +
+
+[[japanese]]
+== Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/doc-jp/ +
+*E-Mail*: doc-jp@jp.FreeBSD.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru/books/handbook/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ja/books/faq/[FAQ], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/ja/[Web], http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/NewsLetter/Issue2/[FreeBSD NewsLetter Issue #2]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+FreeBSD Tutorials
+
+[[korean]]
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/projects/doc-kr/ +
+*E-Mail*: doc@kr.FreeBSD.org +
+
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾
+
+[[polish]]
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://tlumaczenie.freebsd.pl +
+*E-Mail*: ni@merkury.pol.lublin.pl +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD
++
+Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾
++
+FDP-Primer
+
+[[romanian]]
+== Đ ÑƒĐ¼Ñ‹Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.rofug.ro/projects/ro-l10n/ +
+*E-Mail*: ady@rofug.ro +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ ro-l10n Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° или Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° listar@rofug.ro Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ "subscribe ro-l10n". +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ ro-l10n.
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾
+
+[[russian]]
+== Đ ÑƒÑ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web*: http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua/[http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua] +
+*E-Mail*: frdp@FreeBSD.org.ua +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru/books/faq/[FAQ]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/[WWW]
++
+http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua/docs.html[Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹]
++
+http://surw.chel.su/~andy/ncvs/doc/ru/QA/QA.html[QA]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ_::
+http://www.FreeBSD.org.ua/doc/ru/books/handbook/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾]
+
+[[spanish]]
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚*: http://www.es.FreeBSD.org/es/ +
+*Đ­Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°*: jesusr@FreeBSD.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+https://listas.es.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/doc[Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ]
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/es/books/faq/[FAQ]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/es/books/handbook/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾]
++
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/es/articles/[Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸]
+
+[[turkish]]
+== Đ¢ÑƒÑ€ĐµÑ†ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+*Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚*: http://www.enderunix.org/ftdp/ +
+*Đ­Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°*: ofsen@enderunix.org +
+
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸_::
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ ftdp Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Web-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� link:ftdp-subscribe@lists.enderunix.org[ftpd-subscribe@lists.enderunix.org].
+_Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹_::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/tr/[WWW]
++
+http://www.enderunix.org/ftdp/[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]
+_Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Đ´ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°_::
+Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº FDP
+
+link:..[Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docproj/who.adoc b/website/content/ru/docproj/who.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4941da37e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docproj/who.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹?"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD: Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹?
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ±Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹; ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ у Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org.
+
+Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ из Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº link:{contributors}#staff-committers[Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸], ĐºĐ°Đº и Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº link:{contributors}#staff-doc[Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD].
+
+Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ², Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆÑƒÑ‚ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾. Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ¹ link:../submitting[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸], Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ из ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ ее и Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� (и Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾), Đ²Ñ�е, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…. Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ебÑ� ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°.
+
+link:..[FreeBSD Documentation Project Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docs/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/docs/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21053cd3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docs/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+[.right]
+image:../../gifs/doc.jpg[BSD Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½, Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�,width=274,height=163]
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� здеÑ�ÑŒ.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docs/books.adoc b/website/content/ru/docs/books.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e52d3be9dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docs/books.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+---
+title: "Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸
+
+== Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ
+
+Đ’Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… (HTML, Postscript, PDF, Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ), ÑƒĐ¿Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ (BZip2, Zip) Ñ� ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/[FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD].
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ° и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° link:../../docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project], и Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�щуÑ�.
+
+=== Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸
+
+link:{dev-model}[ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD] (dev-model) +
+Đ¤Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+link:{faq}[FAQ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD] (faq) +
+ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ�е Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD] (handbook) +
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{developers-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²] (developers-handbook) +
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD (Đ° Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ FreeBSD).
+
+link:{arch-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ FreeBSD] (arch-handbook) +
+ДлÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD. Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ…Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+link:{porters-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²] (porters-handbook) +
+Đ ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ².
+
+link:{design-44bsd}[Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ° 2 ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ "Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ 4.4BSD ("The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System")] (design-44bsd) +
+ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Addison-Wesley и Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ 4.4BSD, Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ� иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD.
+
+link:{fdp-primer[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ²] (fdp-primer) +
+Đ’Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD.
+
+[[articles]]
+=== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸
+
+link:{bsdl-gpl}[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� BSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼] (bsdl-gpl) +
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ BSD.
+
+link:{building-products}[Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ� FreeBSD] (building-products) +
+Đ�Đ°Đº FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ°.
+
+link:{committers-guide}[Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°] (committers-guide) +
+Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+link:{contributing}[ĐŸĐ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD] (contributing) +
+Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{contributors}[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD] (contributors) +
+Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ»Đ¸Ñ†, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{explaining-bsd}[Đ�бÑ�Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ BSD] (explaining-bsd) +
+Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� ``Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ BSD?''
+
+link:{filtering-bridges}[Đ¤Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹] (filtering-bridges) +
+Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ° Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ² и Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD, Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ².
+
+link:{fonts}[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD] (fonts) +
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾ ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, и Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Ñ….
+
+link:{freebsd-questions}[Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD-questions c Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹] (freebsd-questions) +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ и Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑˆĐ°Đ½Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ из Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ -questions.
+
+link:{hubs}[Đ—ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD] (hubs) +
+(Đ’Ñ�е Đ¾ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² CVSup, FTP и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ.
+
+link:{ipsec-must}[Đ�ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ IPsec Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD] (ipsec-must) +
+ĐœĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ IPsec.
+
+link:{mailing-list-faq}[FAQ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD] (mailing-list-faq) +
+Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¸Đ·Đ±ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… и Ñ‚ĐµÑ… же Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+link:{nanobsd}[NanoBSD] +
+Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… NanoBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… Compact Flash (или Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Ñ…).
+
+link:{new-users}[ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¸ Ñ� FreeBSD] (new-users) +
+ДлÑ� Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD и UNIX(R)
+
+link:{pam}[ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ Đ°ÑƒÑ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (Pluggable Authentication Modules)] (Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ PAM и Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{pr-guidelines}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD] (pr-guidelines) +
+Đ ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD.
+
+link:{problem-reports}[Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD] (problem-reports) +
+Đ�Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼ÑƒĐ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{releng}[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD] (releng) +
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đµ или Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+link:{releng-packages}[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²] (releng-packages) +
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ° диÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ° FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ´Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° FreeBSD.org "Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²", Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºÑƒ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ°Đ¼ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ°, и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºÑƒ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+link:{serial-uart}[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° и уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° UART] (serial-uart) +
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ².
+
+link:{solid-state}[FreeBSD и Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ´Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°] (solid-state) +
+Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ´Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+
+link:{vm-design}[Đ­Đ»ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD] (vm-design) +
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� FreeBSD.
+
+== Đ�Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…
+
+Đ’ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ¹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… FreeBSD.
+
+[[other-books]]
+=== Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸
+
+* http://www.vmunix.com/fbsd-book/[ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD] - Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ±ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, "ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾" ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ FreeBSD. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ² UNIX. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ.
+
+=== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸
+
+* Niels Jorgensen Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ» Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�у Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD: http://www.ruc.dk/~nielsj/research/papers/freebsd.pdf[``Putting it All in the Trunk, Incremental Software Development in the FreeBSD Open Source Project''] [Information Systems Journal (2001) 11, 321-336].
+* mailto:mckusick@mckusick.com[Kirk McKusick], Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ из Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² BSD Đ² U.C. Berkeley, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ²Đ° ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�Đ° http://www.mckusick.com/courses/[4.4BSD Kernel Internals] Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD. ДлÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ�ĐµÑ‚.
+* http://flag.blackened.net/freebsd/[FreeBSD How-To's for the Lazy and Hopeless] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ´ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ±ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ "Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² how-to" Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+FreeBSD.html[The Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO] Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Linux и FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ же Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ²Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸.
+* http://www.nber.org/amd.html[Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ� AMD Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD] (AMD -- Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¿Đ¾Đ²)
+* _ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…_. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² link:{handbook/install.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD].
+* http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200010/blueprints.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° (KLD)].
+* http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200007/newbus-intro.html[Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° Đ² Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸Đ³Đ¼Đµ Newbus].
+* _Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ISA-уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°_. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² link:{arch-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ FreeBSD].
+* _Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ±Đ»ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD_. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² link:{developers-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²].
+* http://www.cfcl.com/rdm/split_DNS.html[Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ° Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ·Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ DNS (Split DNS) Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ SMP] Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐµ SMP Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD 4.X и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ A ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° _Operating Systems Concepts_, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Silberschatz, Galvin и Gagne Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ² http://www.wiley.com/college/silberschatz6e/0471417432/pdf/bsd.pdf[Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ PDF]. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº FreeBSD и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ из Ñ�ебÑ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐµ Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docs/man.adoc b/website/content/ru/docs/man.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80f556dd6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docs/man.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸
+
+*FreeBSD*::
+ДлÑ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²: link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+1.0-RELEASE[1.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+1.1-RELEASE[1.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+1.1.5.1-RELEASE[1.1.5.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.0-RELEASE[2.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.0.5-RELEASE[2.0.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.1.0-RELEASE[2.1.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.1.5-RELEASE[2.1.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.1.6.1-RELEASE[2.1.6.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.1.7.1-RELEASE[2.1.7.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.1-RELEASE[2.2.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.2-RELEASE[2.2.2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.5-RELEASE[2.2.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.6-RELEASE[2.2.6], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.7-RELEASE[2.2.7], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+2.2.8-RELEASE[2.2.8], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.0-RELEASE[3.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.1-RELEASE[3.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.2-RELEASE[3.2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.3-RELEASE[3.3], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.4-RELEASE[3.4], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+3.5.1-RELEASE[3.5.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.0-RELEASE[4.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.1-RELEASE[4.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.2-RELEASE[4.2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.3-RELEASE[4.3], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.4-RELEASE[4.4], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.5-RELEASE[4.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.6-RELEASE[4.6], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-RELEASE[4.7], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE[4.8], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE[4.9], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.10-RELEASE[4.10], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+4.11-RELEASE[4.11], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=freebsd-stable4[4.X-STABLE], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.0-RELEASE[5.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.1-RELEASE[5.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.2-RELEASE[5.2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.2.1-RELEASE[5.2.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE[5.3], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE[5.4], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE[5.5], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=freebsd-stable5[5.X-STABLE], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+6.0-RELEASE[6.0], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+6.1-RELEASE[6.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=freebsd-stable[6.X-STABLE], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+7.0-current[7.0-CURRENT], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=FreeBSD+Ports[Ports].
+*Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹*::
+link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=v7[Unix Seventh Edition (V7)], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=2.8BSD[2.8BSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=2.9BSD[2.9.1BSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=2.10BSD[2.10BSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=2.11BSD[2.11BSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=4.3BSD+Reno[4.3BSD Reno], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=NET%2F2[NET/2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=386BSD+0.1[386BSD 0.1], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=4.4BSD+Lite2[4.4BSD Lite2], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=hpux[HP-UX], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=linux[Linux], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=NetBSD[NetBSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=OpenBSD[OpenBSD], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=darwin[Darwin], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=plan9[Plan 9], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=sunos4[SunOS 4.X], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=sunos5[SunOS 5.X], link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=ultrix[ULTRIX 4.2], и link:http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=XFree86[XFree86].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/docs/webresources.adoc b/website/content/ru/docs/webresources.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64641329d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/docs/webresources.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+title: "Web Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= Web Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+== Đ¡Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/BSD/FreeBSD/[Open Directory Project] Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/BSD/FreeBSD/Prominent_Users/[Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹], ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ….
+
+== Đ’ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ...
+
+=== link:../../press[FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‹]
+
+Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�е, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ FreeBSD.
+
+== Đ¢ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD:
+
+* link:news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce] (Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ�)
+* link:news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc]
+* link:news:comp.unix.bsd.misc[comp.unix.bsd.misc]
+
+== Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+=== http://fxr.watson.org/[Đ˜Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´]
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ³Đ»ÑƒĐ±Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đµ, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ¸Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² _Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°_ FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ’Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ (Robert Watson).
+
+=== http://www.daemonnews.org/[Daemon News]
+
+Đ›Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Đ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ BSD.
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº и Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ° FreeBSD, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ². Цели Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ.
+
+=== http://www.freebsddiary.org/[The FreeBSD Diary]
+
+The FreeBSD Diary Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° "how-to", Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² UNIX. Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+=== http://www.OnLamp.com/bsd/[The O'Reilly Network BSD Dev Center]
+
+Đ’ BSD Dev Center Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ и Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°.
+
+=== http://www.BSDForums.org[BSDForums.org]
+
+BSDForums.org Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼Ñ‹ и Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ FreeBSD и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ BSD.
+
+=== http://www.bsdguides.org[BSD Guides]
+
+Đ�Đ° BSDGuides.org Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đº BSD Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ².
+
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+http://docs.FreeBSD.org/44doc/[Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� 4.4BSD]: Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ¸Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đº 4.4BSD из ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° file://localhost/usr/share/doc[/usr/share/doc], Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ FreeBSD (еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ² doc).
+
+http://docs.FreeBSD.org/info/[Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Info]: Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ¸Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Info из ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° file://localhost/usr/share/info[/usr/share/info], Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ FreeBSD (еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ² info).
diff --git a/website/content/ru/donations/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/donations/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfe60b674a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/donations/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€ ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€ ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* <<goal,Цели Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹>>
+* <<charter,Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹>>
+* <<donating,Đ¡Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD>>
+
+== Đ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* link:wantlist[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD]
+* link:donors[ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD]
+
+[[goal]]
+== Цели Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°
+
+Đ’Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¾ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ или Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹. Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€ ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ и ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾.
+
+[[charter]]
+== Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹
+
+Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ�Đ° Đ½Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+* Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+* Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ FreeBSD.
+* Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+* Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�у Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ из 3-4 Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ и ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹.
+* Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ·Đ° Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡ĐµĐ½.
+* Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ¼Đ¾Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ.
+* Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+[[donating]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD
+
+Đ˜Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD? Đ’ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ»ĐµĐ¿Đ½Đ¾! ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚ Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ²Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ°Ñˆ link:wantlist[Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾]. ĐœÑ‹ Đ²Đ¾Đ·ÑŒĐ¼Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ.
+
+[[taxcredit]]
+=== Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ’ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Foundation Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Ñ‘Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Đ¡Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¨Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¾ из Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ². Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ´ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº ÑƒĐ¶ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñƒ, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ¤Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD. Đ—Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ĐµÑ† из Đ¤Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�. Đ¤Đ¾Đ½Đ´ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… _Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Ñ‹_. Đ’Ñ�Ñ‘ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� у Đ½Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ĐºĐ¸ ISA-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² из Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‡ÑƒĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ°, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ·Đ° Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚; Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐµÑ‘ ÑƒĐ¿Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ ĐµÑ‘ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+Đ¤Đ¾Đ½Đ´ FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºÑƒ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Ñ‹Đ½Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� -- Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµĐ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Đ´Đµ-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ. Đ¢Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đµ из Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¾, Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Ñ‹Đ½Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ebay или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ±Ñ‹Đ²ÑˆĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ² ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+=== Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ из Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¸Ñ… иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. ĐœÑ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�; Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñƒ из трёх ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹:
+
+* <<money,Đ¤Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‹>>
+* <<systems,Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ>>
+* <<components,Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹>>
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñƒ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹, Đ½Đµ беÑ�Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ! ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� donations@FreeBSD.org. Đ¢Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ²Đ¾Đ²Ñ�е Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ�.
+
+[[money]]
+=== Đ¤Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ°
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒÑ� Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚. ДлÑ� Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�-Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€, http://www.freebsdfoundation.org[Đ¤Đ¾Đ½Đ´ FreeBSD]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº ĐµÑ‘ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸.
+
+[[systems]]
+=== Đ’Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹:
+
+* Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸: Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°, Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. (Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Alpha, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´ SHOW CONFIG, SHOW MEM и SHOW DEV.)
+* Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ли Đ½Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ FreeBSD, или Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�? Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Ñƒ dmesg Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+* ĐœĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ту Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ?
+* Đ’Đ°ÑˆĐµ Ñ„Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºÑƒ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ и Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¹.
+* Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ <<taxcredit,Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹>> Đ·Đ° Ñ�ту Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. (Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.)
+
+[[components]]
+=== Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹:
+
+* Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�: Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ, Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ли Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� FreeBSD Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ?
+* Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ? ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°; Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�. (Đ�е Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, еÑ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº ĐµÑ‘ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ³Đ´Đµ-Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘.)
+* ĐœĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ту Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ?
+* Đ’Đ°ÑˆĐµ Ñ„Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ и Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾.
+* Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ <<taxcredit,Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹>> Đ·Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ. (Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.)
+
+=== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€ ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ½Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸Đº, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒÑ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ¸. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ из Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ� Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ½Đ¸ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ из Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ (или Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ) Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 7 Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/donations/donors.adoc b/website/content/ru/donations/donors.adoc
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/donations/donors.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆÑ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ или Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆÑ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¾, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ здеÑ�ÑŒ. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� trhodes@FreeBSD.org, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ Đ¸Ñ… иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ. ĐœĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� donations@FreeBSD.org.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ�Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ |Đ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ |Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+|`nsayer` |4-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Zynx 'dc' |jlemon |Đ�ĐµĐ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾
+|`Sebastian Trahm <inthisdefiance@gmx.net>` |Packet Engines G-NICII 1000SX/PCI |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`donxc <donald.creel@verizon.net>` |ATI Rage Pro 128 |anholt |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾
+|`Stephen Hoover <shoover@442spot.com>` |Pentium III 1GHz 133FSB, 512MB PC133 RAM, Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Asus TUSL2-C (Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ 815EP), Intel 82559 (PILA8460B) 10/100 NIC, 52X CD-ROM, Đ�Đ“ĐœĐ”, Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đº Ñ� иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� 250Đ’Ñ‚ и Đ²ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ |kris |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Salvatore Denaro <sdenaro@speakeasy.net>` |512MB DDR ECC DIMM |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Frank Nikolajsen <frank@warpspace.com>` |Đ¢Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ 533MHz 21164A CPU PC164SX (AlphaPC) |Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² (obrien/peter) |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ PCMCIA CD-ROM (Addonics), ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚ USB 1.1 HD Ñ� 850MB HD |imp, bsd |CD-ROM Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½ imp, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚ HD Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½ bsd
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |Seagate Cheetah 10K RPM 9GB UW-SCSI HD Model: ST19101W / 68-ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»ÑŒ, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� HD |dannyboy |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@goliath.rri-usa.org>` |Đ›Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿ Dell Inspiron 3000 (Pentium 266MHz, 64MB RAM, Đ�Đ“ĐœĐ” и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ CD-ROM, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ PCMCIA Ethernet/Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¼, Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ |imp |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@goliath.rri-usa.org>` |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ PCMCIA: "New Media" 28.8 modem (Đ½ĐµĐ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸), Linksys 33.6 LANmodem (Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ PCMLM36), Linksys combo ethernet card (Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ EC2T), Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3COM 3C905B Ethernet 10/100B-T (PCI) |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ PCMCIA Đ´Đ»Ñ� imp, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3COM Đ´Đ»Ñ� silby |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ PCMCIA Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Ñ‹. Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3COM Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½.
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@goliath.rri-usa.org>` |Đ’Đ¸Đ½Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ 2.5" Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²: Toshiba HDD2714 - 1443MB Toshiba HDD2731 - 1083MB |darrenr |Đ’ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@goliath.rri-usa.org>` |Đ�Đ°Đ±ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 68-pin M-M SCSI 1 Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€ (Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹) |mwlucas |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Simon Chang <schang@quantumslipstream.net>` |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Pentium Pro 200MHz (Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� CPU и VRM), 128 MB RAM 10-GB IDE hard disk drive, IDE CD-ROM drive, Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3Com 3C509B-TPO |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`gj` |pc164 (Alpha) |sos |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Michael Hembo <hembo@micron.dk>` |4 * 512 MB PC133 SIMM (Đ´Đ»Ñ� ftp.FreeBSD.org) |jesper |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`trhodes` |40GB IDE HDD |rwatson |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`jesper Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ TDC Tele Danmark` |AlphaStation 255/233 |sos |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`<Aaron.Schroeder@qg.com>` |384MB RAM Đ´Đ»Ñ� AlphaStation 500 |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`DEC/Compaq` |AS2100 SMP |trevor |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Compaq` |DS10 |murray, obrien, ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ HP` |AlphaServer 1000A |markm |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Rolf Huisman` |ĐœĐ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Abit BP6 Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ… CPU |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Stefan Molnar <stefan@csudsu.com>` |Sun X6540A Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ…ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Symbios 53C876 SCSI (w/FCode) |jake |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Hitachi ATAPI CDR-7730 |sos |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |ĐœĐ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ÑŒ DEC Alpha PWS 2MB B-cache |gallatin |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ fxp(4), xl(4), pcn(4), dc(4); Adaptec AHA-2940UW; ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Sun HD/68-pin UW-SCSI |jake |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ KVM |kris |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ�еÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² AMD Athlon Slot-A 8[05]0 MHz |gshapiro,gj,fjoe,wilko,mdodd |Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |AMD Athlon Slot-A 800 MHz CPU + Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Gigabyte GA-7IXE + 256 MB RAM |kris |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° 2x550 MHz Pentium-III Ñ� 256MB RAM, CDROM, Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ |scottl |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ“Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ AGP nVidia GeForce2 Pro, GeForce 256, Riva TNT2, Riva TNT. Đ“Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ PCI nVidia GeForce2 MX400, MX200, TNT2. |mdodd |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ”Đ²Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Sun SPARCengine AXi "Panther" 300MHz UltraSparc-IIi Ñ� 256MB RAM, диÑ�Đº 9GB SCSI UW |ДлÑ� ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD.org и scottl |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹
+|`obrien` |Sun Ultra-1 Ñ� 128MB RAM, CDROM, диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ 2GB SCA |scottl |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ”Đ²Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ethernet-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° fxp(4), Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ pcn(4) |rwatson |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |AMD Slot-A 900 MHz CPU + Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Gigabyte GA-7IXE + 128MB RAM + диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ 10 GB и 8 GB IDE + 3Com 905c-TX + Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ nVidia GeForce2 GTS 64MB AGP |jake |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Matrox G400 AGP Ñ� Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, 2x Celeron 366 ĐœĐ“Ñ† socket-370, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ Athlon 900 Slot-A, Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ PC100 DIMM |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Adaptec 3940UW |njl |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½
+|`obrien` |Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Aureal Vortex 2 |des и petef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹
+|`obrien` |Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² AMD Opteron 246 |kan |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² AMD Opteron 244 |phk |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |AMD Opteron 244 CPU |sos |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ AMD Athlon64: 3400+ CPU, 512MB RAM, Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ диÑ�Đº IDE, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3Com 3c905c, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ DVD-ROM, Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ nVidia AGP, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ³Đ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿ÑƒÑ�, Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |kris |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ AMD Athlon64: 3200+ CPU, 512MB DDR333 RAM, Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ° 60GB IDE, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3Com 3c996b gigE, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3Com 3c905c NIC, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ DVD-ROM, Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ nVidia GeForce2 GTS AGP, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ³Đ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿ÑƒÑ�, Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |bde (Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· peter) |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |AMD Athlon XP 2800+ Barton CPU |bde (Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· peter) |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |ÑˆĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² 9GB SCSI LVD (2 SCA, 4 68-pin) |scottl |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |ĐœĐ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° DEC Alpha 164SX, PC164SX 533 MHz CPU, 128MB ECC PC100 RAM, ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Adaptec AHA-2940UW SCSI, Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Matrox PCI |ru |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾ (marks Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ» из Ñ€ÑƒĐº Đ² Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¸ Đ² .nl, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾ ru Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· wilko)
+|`obrien` |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ AMD Opteron 850 |ru |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² AMD Athlon-MP 2400+ CPUs, Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Tyan K7 Thunder, Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, 1MB DDR266 DIMM |imp |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |AMD Athlon64 3000+ CPU |murray |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |AMD Athlon64 3200+ CPU |davidxu |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° MSI AMD Athlon Slot-A, Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼-Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ ATX |trhodes |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ AMD Opteron 150, Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° ASUS SK8N, 2GB RAM, DVD-ROM |krion |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`gordont` |Sun Ultra-2 SMP 400 MHz Ñ� 1GB RAM, диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ 2x 4GB SCA |jake |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`gordont` |Sun Ultra-2 200 MHz Ñ� 512MB RAM, диÑ�Đº 2GB SCA |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Nick Jeffrey <nick@jeffrey.com>` |ДиÑ�ĐºĐ¸ 2x 9GB SCA SCSI |jake |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`kan` |Đ“Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Matrox Millenium II PCI |nsouch |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |Winbond ISDN-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ |hm |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |21264/550 EV6 Alpha CPU |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |Athlon 850 Slot-A, 64MB DIMM |fjoe |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`NcFTP Software / Mike         Gleason <mgleason@ncftp.com>` |Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° NcFTPd Server Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD.org |jesper |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Michael Dexter` |ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ Yamaha SCSI CDRW |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |Cologne Chip Design PCI ISDN-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ и Compaq ISA ISDN-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ |hm |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |Đ’Đ¸Đ½Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ IBM Travelstar DJSA-210 Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ°, 10.06GB |jesper |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`mbr` |Đ’Đ¸Đ½Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ² 10 Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ |sos |Đ�Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+|`The Open Group` |Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ и CD-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� Single UNIX(R) Specification (Version 3). |mike (и -standards) |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |SoundBlaster 128 PCI |mike |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Matt Douhan <mdouhan@fruitsalad.org>` |Đ”Đ²Đ° Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° Sony AIT-1 |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`William Gnadt <wgnadt@rri-usa.org>` |Toshiba MK6411MAT, 6495MB |des |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ HP` |AlphaServer 1000A |phk |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`brueffer` |Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ SMC Etherpower II (tx) |mux |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Mike Tancsa, Sentex` |2 ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹: +
+*releng4.sentex.ca:* Intel Celeron CPU 2.00GHz (2000.35-MHz 686-class CPU) real memory = 528416768 (516032K bytes), 19595MB QUANTUM FIREBALLP LM20.5 UDMA66 +
+*releng5.sentex.ca:* Intel Pentium III/Pentium III Xeon/Celeron (866.38-MHz 686-class CPU) real memory = 796852224 (759 MB), 19595MB QUANTUM FIREBALLP LM20.5 UDMA66 |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ‘ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD (nectar) |Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|`Mike Tancsa <mike@sentex.net>` |Đ¡Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚-ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ IBM (PCMCIA и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚) |des |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`fenner` |ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ISA-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ AST FourPort/XN |jwd |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Ryan Petersen <rpetersen@4imprint.com>` |Sun Microsystems Sparc Ultra 5 |Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ FreeBSD.org |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Chris Knight <chris@e-easy.com.au>` |ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¼ 56K PCMCIA Data/Fax |trhodes |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wes` |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Intel Celeron |des |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Craig Rodrigues <rodrigc@attbi.com>` |ATI Graphics Xpression PCI 2 MB |nsouch |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Gregory P. Smith <greg@electricrain.com>` |DEC Alpha PC164SX mobo+CPU, 2x 64MB ECC DIMM's, ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ UW SCSI, 10/100 NIC |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`gallatin` |Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Alpha 433au |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Brian Cunnie <brian@cunnie.com>` |Đ›ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ scsi-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ DDS-3 (12GB raw/24GB compr), SCSI-Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€, ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»ÑŒ SCSI (50-pin hi-density single-ended) и Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ DDS-3. |kris |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`unfurl` |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Pentium 550MHz |rwatson |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`James Pace <jepace@pobox.com>` |HP Omnibook 4000 ct 4/100 и HP Omnibook 5000 cts 5/90 model 1200 |imp |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`murray` |Đ‘ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ� Docbook: The Definite Guide |ceri |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Christoph Franke <Franke.Christoph@gmx.de>` |1.5GB SyJet |gj |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Christoph Franke <Franke.Christoph@gmx.de>` |Đ’Đ¸Đ½Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ IBM DDRS-39130 SCSI LVD/SE |des |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Christoph Franke <Franke.Christoph@gmx.de>` |Đ’Đ¸Đ½Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ IBM DDRS-34560 SCSI SE, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ Plextor PX-20TSi SCSI CDROM |ru |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Christoph Franke <Franke.Christoph@gmx.de>` |IOMEGA Zip Drive SCSI 100 MB (Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�) |phk |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾
+|`ETEK, Chalmers` |Compaq XP1000: DECchip 21264A-9 667MHz, 640MB RAM |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`ceri` |Đ¥Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ 4-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ PCI |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Mike Ray` |Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñƒ MIPS R4000 |jmallett |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |3 диÑ�ĐºĐ° FC |phk |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ HP` |AlphaServer 4100 |ticso |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ HP` |AlphaStation 200 |ceri |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Brian Cunnie <brian@cunnie.com>` |ДиÑ�Đº 40+gb IDE |eric |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Jared_Valentine@3com.com` |Đ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° (pci, pcmcia, Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ cardbus, CPU Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, 3Com 3CR990, 3CRFW102/103 PC Cards w/ 3DES |sam |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾?
+|`Jared_Valentine@3com.com` |3Com XJack Wireless PC Card |imp |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾?
+|`Jared_Valentine@3com.com` |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3Com 3XP 3CR990-TX Typhoon txp(4) |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Jared_Valentine@3com.com` |Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3com 3CXFE575CT Cardbus |arved |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ HP` |AlphaServer 4100 |Fruitsalad.org; Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ KDE |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`David Leimbach <leimy2k@mac.com>` |Đ�Đ´Đ¸Đ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ SATA |sos |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾?
+|`David Leimbach <leimy2k@mac.com>` |G3 (Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ±ĐµĐ»Ñ‹Đ¹) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° PPC |obrien |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾?
+|`Gavin Atkinson <gavin.atkinson@ury.york.ac.uk>` |ДиÑ�ĐºĐ¸ 2 x 8gb IDE |brueffer |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Jonathan Drews <j.e.drews@att.net>` |Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ°, 1GB DDR2100 RAM, SCSI-ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ LSI Logic Ultra160 и Đ´Đ²Đ° диÑ�ĐºĐ° 18GB Maxtor 10K III Đ´Đ»Ñ� cvsup12.FreeBSD.org Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ° 2003 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Jim Dutton <jimd@siu.edu>` |512MB DDR2100 RAM |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`www.servercommunity.de` |2 IDE 3.5" 40GB Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ FreeBSD/alpha |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Mike Miller` |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ HP Kayak XU (Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ D8430T) Pentium III 450MHz, 512MB RAM, 36GB, 15krpm IBM OEM SCSI-диÑ�Đº, Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Matrox G200, Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel и Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 10/100, Intel Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼ 440BX |deischen |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Linuxtag FreeBSD Team` |Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Adaptec ANA 62022 |mux |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Robin Brocks <robin.brocks@gmx.de>` |Đ”Đ²Đ° 256MB registered ECC PC133 DIMMs |tmm |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Michael Dexter` |Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Towitoko и Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. |des |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Michael Dexter` |Đ¡ÑƒĐ±Đ½Đ¾ÑƒÑ‚Đ±ÑƒĐº Sony VAIO |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Michael Dexter` |Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ HPT1540 SATA RAID, Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ»ÑƒÑˆĐºĐ¸ PATA-SATA, Đ´Đ²Đ° ATA ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ° Sil0680 + Promise |sos |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`www.servercommunity.de` |ĐŸĐ¾ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�ĐºĐ·ĐµĐ¼Đ¿Đ»Ñ�ру Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²: SIS 900, Dec 21143, NatSem 83820 |mbr |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹
+|`Intel Corporation` |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Intel C/C++ |Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ FreeBSD.org (netchild) |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ°
+|`wilko` |ATM-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Fore |des |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½
+|`www.servercommunity.de` |20-Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ диÑ�Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ° IBM |trhodes |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½
+|`www.servercommunity.de` |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Pentium 4, 2,4 GHz, FSB800, 1 GB RAM Samsung PC3200, Altec DVD 16x/48x, 80 GB Maxtor IDE ATA133 (б/у), 2 * 80 GB Maxtor SATA as RAID0, Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ - ĐºĐ»Đ¾Đ½ ATI Radeon 9200SE, 3,5" TEAC floppy, Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ…Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ…Đ¸Đ¹ Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� 420 Watt ATX be quit!, ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿ÑƒÑ� Athena CM03. |netchild |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½
+|`Joe Altman` |Đ—Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ PCI |kris |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann GbR` |Đ”Đ²Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° UltraSparc-II 300MHz (X1191A) |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |128MB PC133 Registered ECC DIMM Đ´Đ»Ñ� Sun Blade 100 |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |4x 128MB PC100 Registered ECC DIMM Đ´Đ»Ñ� Alpha UP2000 |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ G4Port Đ´Đ»Ñ� Apple G4 |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¾Đ½Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Sun 13W3 (male) Đ² VGA 15pin (female) |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann GbR` |1 Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress 100, bulk, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ +
+1 Seagate ST380011A, 80 GB IDE, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ +
+1 ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 50 PIN SCSI, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ +
+1 Adaptec 2940 UW, б/у, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ +
+1 Seagate Streamer Travan 20 GB, б/у, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ +
+1 compu-shack SSW-503 5 port switch, 100 Mbit, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ + |lioux |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann GbR` |8 Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ĐµĐ¹ GBic copper, FDDI-ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ и Đ´Đ²Đ° ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»Ñ� |phk |ĐœĐ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ 8GBic Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ SGI 1100 |rwatson |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Artem Koltsov <email@NOSPAM.onepost.net>` |1 PC100 128MB dimm |njl |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½
+|`Artem Koltsov <email@NOSPAM.onepost.net>` |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ ATA100 PCI Card2 Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ IDE и ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ IDE 100, Ultra100, PROMISE TECHNOLOGY, ULTRA100 |petef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Artem Koltsov <email@NOSPAM.onepost.net>` |SDRAM DIMM 128MB PC133 CL2, Micron Technology, CT16M64S4D7E.16T SDRAM DIMM 128MB PC133, SDRAM DIMM 128MB PC100, Motherboard S1598 Socket 7 with AMD K6 450MHz + IDE Cables, Trinity ATX, Tyan and AMD, S1598, and an IBM HDD IDE 9.1GB, DJNA-370910 |fjoe |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Artem Koltsov <email@NOSPAM.onepost.net>` |A PS2 Mouse 2 Buttons, M-S34,Compaq, 166861-001 and a PS2 Mouse 3 Buttons, M-CAC64, Labtec, 851680-0000 |mikeh |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹
+|`Dynacom Tankers Mgmt LTD` |Sun Ultra 10 |mux |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Jon <juostaus@yahoo.com>` |Samsung 8x8x32 CDRW |rwatson |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½
+|`wilko` |ĐœĐ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Abit BP6 Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ |nsouch |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ°
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |SUN SPARC Clone 4x400MHz 1GB RAM 36GB RAID System |krion |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Sten Spans` |AlphaStation 500 |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`mjacob` |AlphaServer 4100 SMP |Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ FreeBSD Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Yahoo! (Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· obrien) |ĐŸĐ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€
+|`trevor` |Sun Ultra 1 и GDM-17E20 |jmg |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 13W3 Female To DB15HD Male (Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Sun Đ² VGA) |ceri |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |"XML in a Nutshell" (O'Reilly) и Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ PCMCIA WLan |josef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |ĐœĐ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Digital NoName Alpha |ru |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ’Đ½ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ÑŒ SCSI, 4 диÑ�ĐºĐ° 1.2GB SCSI |le |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Jon Noack <noackjr@alumni.rice.edu>` |Đ”Đ²Đ° Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° 32-bit if_em Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop |rwatson |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Remi <MrL0L@charter.net>` |Sony VAIO PCG818 |njl (Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ½Đ¾ imp Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�) |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ» njl
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |TV-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ BT878 PAL Ñ� MSP340x/MSP341x |alex |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Christoph Franke <christoph@thefranke.net>` |Pentium IV 2.0 GHz, Asus P4B266, 1 GB Ram (Infineon CL2), Adaptec 29160 SCSI Controller, Tekram DC390-U2W SCSI Controller, Seagate 36 GB 10.000rpm HDD, Plextor Ultra-Plex 40 Max SCSI CDROM, Fujitsu GÑ�gaMO Drive (1,3 GB capacity incl. 4 media), Adaptec Duo Connect Firewire/USB 2.0 Controller, 3Com 905C Ethernet Card, Turtlebeach Santa Cruz Soundcard PCI, Floppy Drive, Chieftec Big Tower Case (Noise-Controlled) |mlaier |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`"scottgannon@mail.ellijay.com" <scottgannon@ellijay.com>` |slot1 600MHz P3 CPU |imp |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Oliver Fuckner <Fuckner@strato-rz.de>` |3Com 3CR990 Typhoon/Sidewinde (txp(4)) NIC. |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Sun Enterprise 450, 2x250MHz Ultra Sparc CPUs, 512MB RAM, 2x36GB (Seagate ST336705LC 5063) SCSI disk drives, 1x4GB (Seagate ST34371W SUN4.2G 7462) SCSI disk drive and a Streamer DDS3-DAT (HP C1537A), Intel PRO/1000 (em(4)) NIC |arved |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |256MB Ram (Sun Original #501-5691) |krion |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |1U Rackmount Intel Celeron 2.6GHz, 533MHz compat. motherboard, 256MB PC2100 DDR 266MHz RAM, Savage8 3D Video Accelerator, 80GB 7200rpm ATA100 IDE Harddrive, Integrated 10/100 LAN VT8233 |trhodes |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Athena CM-03 case silver with be quiet! 350 Watt ATX 1.3, Asus motherboard A7V600, Athlon XP 2800+ processor with Artic copper cooling, 512 MB Ram Infineon PC3200, AOpen DVD 1648 silver, Floppy silver, Seagate ST380011A 80 GB IDE, xelo GeForce2 MX400 |josef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`"Darrell" <skykitty@earthlink.net>` |Abit VP6 Motherboard w/raid, 2 Intel 1ghz CPUs, 1 gig PC 133 ram, Nvidia video card, Sound Blaster PCI sound card, DVD Player, CD-RW, Floppy Drive, Case, Power Supply |mikeh |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Aled Morris <aledm@qix.co.uk>` |Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Netgear GA302T Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� bge(4) |yar |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Fore ATM |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition |ceri |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Quantum Atlas 10KIII 3,5" 73,4 GB |brueffer |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Chris Knight <chris@easy-e.com.au>` |Đ�еÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³, Assembly Step-by-step, TCP Illustrated Vol.2 и HTTP: The Definitive Guide. |hmp |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Hitachi 5K80 (2,5", 80 GB), USB-to-serial adapter, 5.25" enclosure with USB2 and IEEE1394 ports, IEEE1394 PCI card |netchild |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ’Đ½ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ диÑ�Đº 60 GB USB2 |le |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� EuroBSDCon |josef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ° |ceri |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`ceri` |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Dual Pentium 3 и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ |vs |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|http://www.netapp.com/[Network Appliance] |NetApp F825 filer with 2 terabytes of storage |Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ FreeBSD.org |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |2 Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ 256MB DIMM Đ´Đ»Ñ� AlphaStation DS10 |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |4 Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ 256MB DIMM Đ´Đ»Ñ� AlphaPC164sx |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Ñ�ĐºĐ·ĐµĐ¼Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ€ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° ANSI T1.617-1991 |rik |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |3,5" Floppy Samsung with cable, CD-Rom Toshiba , 2 Intel XEON 1,8 GHz, socket 603 with cooler, 2 SCSI-3 68 pin-68 pin cable extern, 7 SCSI-disks 9,1 GB Seagate Barracuda ST319171 WC, 2 SCSI-disks 18,2 GB Seagate Barracuda ST318275FC fibre channel, 3 SCSI-disks 9,1 GB IBM DNES-309170 , 1 external SCSI-enclosure hot plug Chieftec CT-1034, 8 SCA-adaptors LVD, 1 QLogic fibre channel adapter, 1 Intel 1000 Pro MT NIC, 1 ICP Vortex SCSI raid controller GDT7519RN fibre channel, 1 Adaptec 39160 dual channel SCSI controller 64bit LVD, 1 SCSI-LVD 7+1 cable internal with terminator, 1 INTEL SHG2 DUAL XEON mainboard new, 2x 512MB DDR SDRAM's PC1600-CL2 Samsung M383L6420BT1-CA0 |pjd |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |1 8 port Gigabit switch Netgear GS108, 1 new system: Athlon XP 2800+, 1 GB Ram (2 * 512 GB Infineon PC 3200), AOpen DVD 1648, Athena CM03 case silver, Floppy, Asrock motherboard, GForce 4, 80 GB Seagate IDE 3,5", 353 Watt Enermaxx power supply. |mux |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |1 NetGear GA302 |jesper |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾
+|`David <dave@hauan.org>` |1 Alpha Motherboard |kensmith |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |Đ“Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Sun Creator3D UPA |trhodes |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|http://www.tunix.nl/[Tunix B.V.] |ATX tabletop case for my AlphaPC 164sx |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |ĐœĐ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ÑŒ Ñ„Đ»Ñ�ш-Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ 16Mb Đ´Đ»Ñ� Cisco |rik |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Cisco 2600 (64M memory/8M flash) + X.21 cable |rik |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� EuroBSDCon 2004 |brueffer |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Gavin Atkinson <gavin.atkinson at ury.york.ac.uk>` |ĐŸĐ°Ñ€Đ° Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² fxp(4) |ceri |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |NetGear GA302T bge(4) |jesper |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`philip` |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� 2x Sun Ultra10 |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` a|
+Hardware for laptop: Pentium III Mobile 600MHz CPU, 2 128MB PC100 SODIMM RAM, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµÑ�, CardBus-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Netgear WG511T
+
+AMD64 desktop: ASUS SK8N motherboard, AMD Opteron 240 CPU, Arctic Cooling Silencer 64 Ultra TC, 2 512MB ECC RAM (Kingston), AOpen Combo drive (COM4824), 4 80GB IDE PATA, NVIDIA GeForce4 MX 440 AGP 8X video, 3.5" floppy, Athena CM03 case, 350 Watt Be Quiet! power supply, S/PDIF out module, 17" LCD monitor Acer AL1715
+
+Hardware for Alpha: 4 128MB ECC RAM (Samsung), 18GB SCSI (Fujitsu MAA3182SC) with cable
+
+Sun Ultra 30 workstation: UltraSparc-II 300MHz CPU, 512MB RAM, 4G + 18GB SCSI, keyboard, mouse, Sun monitor to VGA adapter
+
+RTL8139 Ethernet CardBus adapter, 2 Intel PRO/1000 MT desktop adapters, 5-port 100Mbps Ethernet switch
+
+Flight to Germany and entrance fee for the EuroBSDCon 2004
+
+|ru |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |2 512MB ECC RAM (Kingston), 2 80GB SATA (Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 9) for RAID1, 2 80GB PATA, NVIDIA GeForce4 MX 440 AGP 8X video, ASUS SK8N motherboard, 350 Watt Enermax SLN power supply, 3.5" floppy, Toshiba DVD-ROM, Athena CM03 case, AMD Opteron CPU, Arctic Cooling Silencer 64 TC, set of reserve coolers |phantom |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |SPEC JBB2000 benchmarking software |phantom |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ US |josef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |Adaptec 39160 dual channel SCSI controller 64bit LVD, 36GB SCSI HDD (HITACHI DK32EJ36NSUN36G) |markus |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`philip` |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Sun Ultra10 |thierry |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |4 memory DIMMs for AlphaServer DS10 |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� AlphaStation 500 5/266 |dinoex |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`philip` |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Sun Ultra10 |brueffer |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |ДиÑ�Đº 2x Seagate Baracuda 9.1GB SCA SCSI |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|http://www.absolight.fr/[Absolight] |Đ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ² EuroBSDCon 2004 |mat |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |2x Seagate ST 380011A, 3.5" disk |clement |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |ĐŸĐ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 8x 64M Sun |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Netgear GS608 Gigabit Ethernet |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Sebastian Trahm <inthisdefiance@gmx.net>` |Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Specialix SX RS232 |des |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Netgear GA302T Gigabit Ethernet |brueffer |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`JĂ¼rgen Dankoweit` |Madge Smart MK4 PCI Token Ring adapter |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Cisco 2600, NM-16A, 2x octopus |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Warren Block <wblock@wonkity.com>` |Tecra 8000 |imp |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Michael Dexter` |ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Apple Power Macintosh G4 |gallatin |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Michael Dexter` |NCD Explora 451 PPC Thin Client |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Juergen Dankoweit <juergen.dankoweit@t-online.de>` |Đ�ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ CF-Card reader |josef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`pav` |Đ”Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ O'Reilly Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ |josef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`ds` |em(4) compatible gigE card, 1000baseTX (copper) interface |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`keramida` |Đ­ĐºĐ·ĐµĐ¼Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ€ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ "Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide" (O'Reilly), ISBN 0-596-00525-3. |ceri |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |PCMCIA FireWire controller |brueffer |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |IBM Laptop AC Adapter |mlaier |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |75 EUR (Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ ISP) |josef |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |Power Battery for IBM Thinkpad T20 |glebius |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |40 Gb notebook HDD |glebius |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`maxim` |http://www.awprofessional.com/title/0201702452[The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System] |glebius |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ° |markus |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`ds` |Funds for a D-Link DWL-AG530 PCI card for ath(4) and wpa_supplicant testing. |brooks |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |UltraSPARC IIi 300MHz CPU, 4.3G SCA disk, 18.2G SCA disk. |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° SATA HDD. |ceri |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |2 Intel 100 MBit NICs, 1 be quiet! 350 Watt power supply, 1 DVD Toshiba SD-1912, 1 floppy TEAC FD-235HF, 2 Kingston KVR266X72RC25/512 (1 GB), 1 NVidia MX 4000 graphic card, 1 Ultra Silencer TC cooler, 1 AMD Opteron 144 1.8 GHz, 1 Asus SK8N mobo, 1 Seagate ST380011A HDD (80GB ATA). |clement |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,       Seuffert & Waidmann` |1x Sun Ultra60, 768M memory, 2x SCA disk |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |AMD64 server : ASUS SK8N motherboard, AMD Opteron 144 1.8Ghz CPU, Arctic Cooling Silencer 64 Ultra TC, 2 512MB RAM (Kingston), 80GB IDE, ATI Rage 128 PRO ULTRA Video Controller |simon |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |4x Athlon MP 2400+ CPUs with HSFs |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |4 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Opteron 844 |alc |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |4 Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ…Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Opteron 875 |alc |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Tyan K8W Đ½Đ° базе Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ…Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Opteron 275 |alc |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |2 Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ…Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Opteron 270, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ Athlon64 3200+ |kan |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |2 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Opteron 252 |kensmith |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Athlon64 4600+ X2 и Athlon64 3800+, Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Gigabyte и Asus PCI-express |scottl |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ§ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ€Ñ‘Ñ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ½Đ° базе Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ…Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Opteron 870 |jeffr |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`will` |2x Athlon XP 2200+ CPUs with HSFs, 1 Sun Seagate 20GB HDD |obrien |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`marcus` |1 Maxtor Atlas 15K U320 8C018L0 SCSI disk for cvsup12 |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Jonathan Drews <jon.drews@gmail.com>` |1 copy of the "Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System" via gift certificate |will |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,          Seuffert & Waidmann` |4x Seagate ST173404LCV disks |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |1 Ñ�ĐºĐ·ĐµĐ¼Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ€ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ "The AWK Programming Language" Aho, Alfred и 1 Ñ�ĐºĐ·ĐµĐ¼Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ€ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ "Compilers" Aho, Alfred |krion |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|http://www.LF.net[LF.net] |Flight to Canada and accomodation fee for BSDCan 2005 |krion |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |i386 machine : Athlon XP2800+, Asus A7V600, Seagate ST 380011A IDE, 80 GB, Maxtor Diamondmax 10 120 GB, NVidia Gforce 2 MX 400, 1 GB Ram (2 x Infineon 512 MB DDR, PC 2700), Compushack 100 MBit NIC, RTL 8139 clone. |krion |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |17" monitor LCD Acer 1715-sn |krion |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |Pentium Pro processor and heatsink |des |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Denis Kozjak and Daniel Seuffert` |ASUS A7M266-D, 2x AMD Athlon MP 2000+, 2x CPU Fan, 512 MB RAM, 400W PSU. |marks |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾ÑƒÑ‚Đ±ÑƒĐºĐ° |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |Tyan Thunder SE7500WV2 dual Xeon board and 2 x 512 MB DDR PC 1600 registered DDR-ram. |Peter Holm, Denmark |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ¤Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ·Đ´Đ° Đ½Đ° BSDCan. |mlaier |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Hartmut Obst <hartmut.obst@gmx.net>` |Q-Tec 5 Port Switch |mlaier |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,      Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Netgear WG511T ath(4). |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Brennan Stehling <offwhite@gmail.com>` |Đ§ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ€Đµ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ Đ¾ Java: The Java Virtual Machine Specification, Java Virtual Machine, Programming for the Java Virtual Machine и The Java Native Interface. |glewis |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Frank Seuberth - Rentable Hardware Systeme & Consulting         <http://www.rentable-hardware.de/>` |2 Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Sun Ultra 2 |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Gary Jennejohn <gary@jennejohn.org>` |Đ›Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿ Fujitsu-Siemens Lifebook Ñ� Đ°ĐºÑ�еÑ�Ñ�ÑƒĐ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. |markm |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Andreas Kohn <andreas.kohn@gmx.net>` |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ DEC PBXGA "TGA". |marcel |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`ds` |ĐœĐ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ SMP Ñ� Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Xeon 1.8GHz и RAM |Peter Holm |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |AlphaStation 600 |ticso |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |Adaptec AH-2940UW |mwlucas |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |2 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° AMD Opteron 250 |scottl |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Arima HDAMA + 2 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° AMD Opteron 250 |imp |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Markus Deubel <marcus.deubel@unix-resource.de>` |Sun Ultra 10 440 |marius |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Chris Elsworth <chris@shagged.org>` |Sun Fire v210 |philip |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`ceri` |Đ�Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Apple USB (Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ° US) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Mac Mini |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`David Boyd` |SCSI-уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ², Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹, ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»Đ¸ и Đ°ĐºÑ�еÑ�Ñ�ÑƒĐ°Ñ€Ñ‹ |mwlucas |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Mark <markh60@verizon.net>` |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Cisco Catalyst 1900 |trhodes |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Alexis LĂª-QuĂ´c         <alq666@gmail.com>` |Đ�Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ�ĐºĐ·ĐµĐ¼Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ€ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ "The Elements of Typographic Style" by Robert Bringhurst, Hartley & Marks Publishers; 3rd edition (2004). ISBN: 0-88179-206-3. |blackend |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Sun W. Kim from tekgems.com` |Đ“Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ |jcamou |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Mark <markh60@verizon.net>` |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ CISCO 1900 Series |trhodes |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |2 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° AMD Opteron 275 |mlaier |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`obrien` |ĐœĐ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° AMD64 и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ Athlon64 3400 |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Joe Altman <fj at panix dot com>` |ĐœĐ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° ASUS и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ P-III Ñ� 512M; 2 Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°; Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đµ диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ |linimon |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |ĐœĐ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ AlphaStation 500 DIMM |ticso |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾
+|`imp` |Đ§ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ€Ñ‘Ñ…Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Znyx dc(4) |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Serge Vakulenko <vak at cronyx dot ru>` |Cronyx Tau-PCI/32 |rik |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ° и USB-Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ° |cperciva |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |Logitech Cordless Desktop MX5000 Laser |markus |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Daniel <DS@praxisvermittlung24.de>,         Seuffert & Waidmann` |Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€: ШаÑ�Ñ�и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° 1U, Intel Entry Server Board S845WD1-E, ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ Pentium 4 2.53 GHz, 2 512MB RAM, 2 150GB PATA |FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Tamouh H. <tamouh@mediumcube.com>` |Đ‘Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� PC |kris |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Sten Spans <sten@blinkenlights.nl>` |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ em(4) GbE |wilko |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`Chidananda Jayakeerti <ajchida@gmail.com>` |Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ AMD Athlon64: Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° ECS Nforce 4, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ AMD Athlon64 3500+, 512MB DDR 400, 200GB SATA, 16x DVD-ROM, Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 8MB AGP |glewis |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾
+|`wilko` |AlphaPC164sx, Đ�Đ—Đ£ 512MB, диÑ�Đº 4.5GB SCSI, Qlogic SCSI HBA |dunstan |Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/donations/wantlist.adoc b/website/content/ru/donations/wantlist.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..831c276ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/donations/wantlist.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ FreeBSD Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ FreeBSD Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ². Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐµ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°.
+
+ĐœÑ‹ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�, Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñƒ, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ½ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� (Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸), Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ± ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ и Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../#donating[Đ¦ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD].
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ из-Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� donations@FreeBSD.org.
+
+Đ’Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�, Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Sparc 64 Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и уÑ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ° Sparc. Даже Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Đµ, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ (или Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ!) Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Sparc 64 иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�. Đ�е Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Đ² ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đµ, у Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ³Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºÑ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�. Đ’ Đ¡Đ¨Đ� Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Sparc Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¶Đ° Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ĐºÑƒ 1U (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº E220R, E420R, Fire V100, Fire V120 или Netra T1 AC200) Đ² Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
+|===
+|ID Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ° |Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ° |Đ¢Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|anholt |Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Intel i8xx |Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ X и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� DRI
+|arved |Đ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� |2 Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ VLAN, Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, Cisco 2940-8TT |Đ£Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¼Đ¾ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đµ. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�ла Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½
+|blackend |Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� |Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° "The Elements of Typographic Style" by Robert Bringhurst. Hartley & Marks Publishers; 2nd edition (2002). ISBN: 0-88179-1326. |Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ° Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼.
+|des |Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ²ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ� |Mac Mini Ñ� 1 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и без Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ„ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Tinderbox
+|des |Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ²ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ� |Đ”Đ²Đ° диÑ�ĐºĐ° 36GB 10K RPM 68-pin SCSI |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ из Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� диÑ�ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ½Đ° базе Alpha
+|des |Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ²ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ� |Opteron CPU |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ без Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°
+|des |Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ²ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ� |Đ›Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đµ USB-уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Cypress CY7C637xx / CY7C640/1xx USB to RS232. |Đ”Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ucycom
+|des |Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ²ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ� |Đ›Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°ÑƒÑ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (USB-ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸, уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚-ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚, Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚-ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ² и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее) + Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� |Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°ÑƒÑ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+|dfr |Đ’ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ�Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ firewire, Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ 1394b, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ 1394a Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¹Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚. |Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ° и ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ firewire, Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ IP Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ… firewire
+|glebius |ĐœĐ¾Ñ�ĐºĐ²Đ°, Đ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�иÑ� |Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ� SMP-Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°: PPro, PII или Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ PIII. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ° из Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐºĐ°Ñ…. Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ без Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾. Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ даже без ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đ°. |ĐœĐ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ SMP-Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ netgraph(4) и Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… и Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… ÑƒĐ·Đ»Đ¾Đ².
+|grehan |Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Apple G4 XServe |ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ PowerPC Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ².
+|hmp |Đ’ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |БеÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ (802.11b/g), Đ² идеале ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ´Đ²Đ° беÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… USB-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°. |Đ­ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� беÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°.
+|hmp |Đ’ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸: Extreme Programming Explained (2nd Edition) и Planning Extreme Programming. |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�ĐºÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸.
+|imp |Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ pccard Đ½Đ° базе EISA |Đ�беÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° pccard Ñ� EISA
+|imp |Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |БеÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 3Com Xjack |Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°
+|jake |Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ° |Đ”Đ²Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° 450MHz UltraSPARC II |Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ sparc64
+|jake |Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ° |Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ или Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Sun Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ UltraSPARCIII CPU, Blade 1000, Blade 2000, V280R, V480 или V880, Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ� 2 CPU |ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Sparc64 UltraSPARCIII
+|jesper |Đ’ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ¥Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Gigabit Ethernet, Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ 1000baseSX, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¹Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ и 1000baseT |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² / Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ°
+|[#jkoshy-1]#jkoshy# |Đ‘Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ€, Đ˜Đ½Đ´Đ¸Ñ� |AlphaServer DS10 |(1) ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ (Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Standard ML of New Jersey). +
+(2) ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Ñ�Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ². +
+(3) Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD/alpha.
+|[#jkoshy-3]#jkoshy# |Đ‘Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ€, Đ˜Đ½Đ´Đ¸Ñ� |ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Intel P-II/P-III |Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+|jmallett |Đ“Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ»ÑƒĐ»Ñƒ, Đ“Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ¸, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Sun Ultra5 или Đ½ĐµÑ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ |Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ½Đ° sparc64.
+|jmallett |Đ“Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ»ÑƒĐ»Ñƒ, Đ“Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ¸, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ и Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Alpha |Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ½Đ° Alpha, Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Alpha.
+|johan |Đ¨Đ²ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ� |TFT-Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ 17++ Đ´Ñ�Đ¹Đ¼Đ¾Đ² Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ D-Sub и DVI-D. |Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� у Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ из Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�.
+|jwd |Đ¡Đ¨Đ�, Đ¡ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ�Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ° |Cyclades TS800/1000 (или ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³) |ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ rtp.FreeBSD.org
+|kris |Đ¢Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ° |Đ‘Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ATX12V (Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� 20+4 pin) |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ из Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ½Đ° базе Athlon64.
+|lioux |Đ‘Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ� |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ AMD K6 450ĐœĐ“Ñ† или Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ. Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ 10/100 ĐœĐ±Đ¸Ñ‚. Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress PCI 10/100 ĐœĐ±Đ¸Ñ‚ |Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ K6 Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° Đ² Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½ и Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐµÑ‘ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ›Đ’Đ¡ FreeBSD
+|lioux |Đ‘Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ� |Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ из Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼: Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸Đº Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ° (Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸/Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸), Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸ (ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼Ñ‹, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°; Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²ÑŒÑ� Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¾Đ² tiger и sha1), Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ (Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñ‹ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее), Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ·Ñ€Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¼Đ¸Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¸Đ·Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ±Đ¸ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее), Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ¹, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² и Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ |Đ£Ñ�Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… и Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…/Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°ÑƒĐºĐ¸. Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ/иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾ĐµĐ², Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� FTP/HTTP/Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đµ/Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ», Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸. Đ�е Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñƒ, Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Ñƒ FreeBSD, еÑ�ли у Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�
+|lioux |Đ‘Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ� |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ·Đ°Ñ…Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼ BrookTree: BT848 или BT878 (Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� FreeBSD. |Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ BrookTree Đ² graphics/ffmpeg и Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾
+|marcel |Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Supermicro SuperServer 6113M-i. ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� 2-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Itanium 2 (Madison) Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿ÑƒÑ�е Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ 1U. |ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ BigSur, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ у Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ�. ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đ° базе Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ° Intel E8870, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‘Đ½, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ у Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ².
+|marcel |Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |IBM xSeries 450. ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� 4-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Itanium 2 (Madison), Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° базе Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ° IBM XA-64. |ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Đ² ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ FreeBSD (Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Đº bento). Đ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° из-Đ·Đ° ĐµÑ‘ ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ° и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ°, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� 4 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ»ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ².
+|marcus |RTP, Đ¡ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ�Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ°, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |ДлÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD GNOME, Đ¼Đ½Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹ 1 или 2 Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ amd64 и 1 Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñƒ UltraSparc II. Đ’Ñ�е Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD -CURRENT. |Đ”Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ GNOME Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ…
+|markm |Đ�ĐµĐ¼Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ¶, Đ’ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Flexelint v8. (www.gimpel.com) |(ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Ñƒ-)Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° и ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�-Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€, Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸.
+|markm |Đ�ĐµĐ¼Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ¶, Đ’ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ¡Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD CURRENT |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Toshiba Libretto, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ из Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�. Đ�Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đµ Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� CURRENT, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ± Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹.
+|marks |Đ�Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ |Đ›Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ� ACPI (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ‚) |(1) Đ›Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ� ACPI, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°. +
+(2) Đ›Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ� ACPI, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ (Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�) иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾.
+|mat |Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, ĐŸĐ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¶ |Đ£Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Đ°-Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿ Toshiba, Sony, IBM или Dell (Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Dell's Latitude X300 или D400, или IBM Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ X, Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐºĐ¸Đ¹ и Đ»Ñ‘Đ³ĐºĐ¸Đ¹) Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Intel Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ 1 Đ“Đ“Ñ† и Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ, Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ� 256/512 ĐœĐ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ |Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° и Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
+|matusita |Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |2-3 Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�:Pentium4 2GHz+,20GB+ ATA66+ HDD,256MB+RAM, 100base-TX NIC,serial, etc. |Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ° ÑƒĐ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org
+|matusita |Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ FTP:Pentium3/Celeron 1GHz+,10GB+ ATA66+ HDD,100GB+ storage (RAID0+1 Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾),256MB+RAM, 100base-TX NIC,serial, etc. |Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ° ÑƒĐ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org
+|mbr |Đ¨Đ²ĐµĐ¹Ñ†Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� |Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� RealTek 8129/8139 и ĐºĐ»Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹, DEC/Intel 21143 и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ, SiS 900/7016 и ĐºĐ»Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹, NatSemi DP83815/DP83820 и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ. Đ¯ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, еÑ�ли Đ¼Đ½Đµ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€. Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¹Đ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ busdma. |Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… или Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ².
+|mikeh |Đ’Đ¸Ñ€Đ´Đ¶Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |БеÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°/Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆÑŒ PS/2 (Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ http://www.gyration.com/products.htm[Gyration] и http://www.microsoft.com/hardware/keyboard/default.asp[Microsoft wireless desktop]) или Đ»Ñ�баÑ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆÑŒ PS/2, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ KVM, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ FreeBSD. |Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ¸/ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ PS/2 Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD
+|mux |Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� |Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ http://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/busdma/[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° busdma]. |ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ² busdma
+|mux |Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� |ĐœĐ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ LCD или CRT (Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ 17"), KVM-Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ£ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ 15" CRT и Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²...
+|mux |Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� |Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ |Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° Đ²Đ¶Đ¸Đ²ÑƒÑ�
+|obrien |Đ¡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ”Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ°, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ”Đ¾ 2 PC133 ECC DIMM [Đ´Đ»Ñ� Sun Blade 100]. |Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° и Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD/sparc64
+|obrien |Đ¡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ”Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ°, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Pegasos II/G4 (http://www.ultraspec.com/hardware.htm) |Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° и Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD/PowerPC
+|obrien |Đ¡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ”Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ°, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ¡Ñ‚Đ¾ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ 1U или 2U Ñ� Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. |ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ AMD64 Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD.org.
+|peter |Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° AMD64 Opteron Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¶Đ° Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ĐºÑƒ. |ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‘ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ² ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ².
+|phantom |Đ“ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�/Đ£ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¸Đ½Đ° |Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ� SMP-Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° |Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ JDK
+|phk |Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ�Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ° IEEE-488, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ PCIIA, Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ PCI. |Đ¯ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ» Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐµ IEEE-488/GP-IB/HP-IB, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ ISAN PCIIA.
+|rwatson |ĐœÑ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ´, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ SGI 1100. |Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đ² SMP; Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° и ĐµĐ¹ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ°Ñ�-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Intel ServerWorks.
+|rwatson |ĐœÑ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ´, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Gig-E Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ° |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Gigabit ethernet Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ SMP, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ°, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ², и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее, из Đ½ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+|rwatson |ĐœÑ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ´, Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿ÑƒÑ�е Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ 1U Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ 1 Đ“Đ“Ñ† и Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ Ñ� 64-Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ PCI |Đ�ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� SMP Ñ� 64-Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ PCI Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ². Đ¢Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ 1U (или 2U). Đ”Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ gigabit ethernet Đ½Đ° 64-Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ PCI, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ 64-Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Ñ‚ PCI.
+|sam |Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� (pci, pcmcia, ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ cardbus, CPU Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�) |ДлÑ� ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸
+|scottl |Đ¡Đ¨Đ� |Đ›Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿ |ĐœĐ¾Đ¹ Dell 8200 Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ FreeBSD и ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ. Без Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¾. Đ¯ Đ¸Ñ‰Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ° Dell 8600 или IBM T42.
+|sos |Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Serial ATA: диÑ�ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ (Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�), ĐºĐ°Đ±ĐµĐ»Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Serial ATA-ATA. |Đ�беÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ ATA.
+|tanimura |Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ›Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿ (Đ–ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ IBM Thinkpad A30 или A31). |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐºÑ€Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ IBM.
+|thomas |Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� |Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ UDMA, уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Đ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² ATAPI, Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ ATAPI |Đ�беÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… ATAPI-уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Ñ� ATAPI/CAM Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ же ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² afd/ast.
+|wilko, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¥Đ¾Đ»Đ¼Đ° |Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� |Đ¡Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° x386, Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ SMP |Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ и ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°.
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/events/2003/bsdcon-devsummit.adoc b/website/content/ru/events/2003/bsdcon-devsummit.adoc
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+---
+title: "Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ° Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ½Đ° BSDCon 2003"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ° Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ½Đ° BSDCon 2003
+
+ĐŸÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² (FreeBSD Developer Summit) Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�лаÑ�ÑŒ 13 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2003 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ² Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ�е ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Vicor Đ² ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đµ Đ Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ´, Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ BSDCon 2003 Đ² Đ¡Đ°Đ½-ĐœĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¾. Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° DARPA, NAI Labs и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Vicor. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ делалиÑ�ÑŒ Đ‘Ñ€Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ ĐœĐ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ¼ (Bruce Mah) и Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ ĐœÑ�Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐµĐ¼ Đ¡Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐµĐ»Đ¸ (Murray Stokely).
+
+Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ° Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² 10:00am, Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² 5:00pm.
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ°
+
+* <<intro,Đ’Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ / Đ�Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ FreeBSD BoF / Đ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°>>
+* <<re4,ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², RELENG_4>>
+* <<re5,ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², HEAD>>
+
+== Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸:
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ:
+
+* Doug Barton
+* David O'Brien
+* Matthew Dillon
+* Julian Elischer
+* Poul-Henning Kamp
+* Greg Lehey
+* Scott Long
+* Warner Losh
+* Bruce Mah
+* Jun Kuriyama
+* Jonathon Mini
+* Masafumi Nakane
+* Jeff Roberson
+* Hiroki Sato
+* Gregory Shapiro
+* Murray Stokely
+* Jacques Vidrine
+* Robert Watson
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ„Đ¾Đ½Đµ:
+
+Đ�Đ° Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ¾Đº, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ� Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ»Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+'''''
+
+=== Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ - Robert Watson
+
+Đ”Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ�туÑ� Đ’Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Ñƒ Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ½Đ° BSDCon 2003. Đ¡Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸:
+
+* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
+* NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network Associates
+* Vicor
+
+Đ¡Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ„Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ.
+
+==== Đ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° (Đ¾Ñ‚ BoF)
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ†Đ¸Ñ„Ñ€Ñ‹ Netcraft
+
+Đ�ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ HEAD даже Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đµ `RELENG_3`.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° `RELENG_4` Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ `RELENG_3` Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ.
+
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ²Ñ�Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ�Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ `RELENG_5_0_0_RELEASE`.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ RELENG_4 Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� HEAD. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² RELENG_4 Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· HEAD.
+
+Đ§ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº `sys/`
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Perforce Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ CVS-Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đµ `src/`.
+
+"RaidFrame Đ¿Đ°Đ» Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° диÑ�ĐºĐµ." --scottl
+
+_(Đ Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ)_
+
+'''''
+
+[[re4]]
+===== ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², RELENG_4 - Murray Stokely
+
+Đ–Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ PAE. Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° 4.9. Đ�ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¾Đ¹. Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¸Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� PAE.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� 2-Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ°. sam Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· MFC, Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. dg Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¾ PAE. phk Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾ 6 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�у.
+
+====== Đ�бÑ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+*PHK* : ĐœÑ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ P4?
+
+*IMP* : ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ у Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ½Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ PAE (Ñ‚Đµ, у ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹) Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾, еÑ�ли ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ² CVS.
+
+*rwatson* : Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°? Đ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ ли Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ PAE Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼? Đ•Ñ�ли Đ½ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�ту Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºÑƒ у Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²... Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐµ.
+
+*peter* : ĐŸĐ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ и ps Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¹Đ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ² ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. (Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ silby Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ».)
+
+"Đ¯ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ» ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ¼, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºÑƒ, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�щуÑ� Đº Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, и Đ¾Đ½ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�ил Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµÑ‘ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ." --peter.
+
+'''''
+
+[[re5]]
+===== ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², HEAD - Scott Long
+
+"Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ, Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐº, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ°ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ без Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿." --peter.
+
+*scottl* : ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° amd64 ia64 sparc64.
+
+====== Đ�бÑ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+*marcel* : Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ uart(4) Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ… HP Đ² ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ HP без Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ ISA Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² CVS. Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… ia64-Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ из CVS.
+
+*imp* : Đ’ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ uart(4) Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… UART-Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼. Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ puc(4) Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Đ³Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+Đ”Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ ли Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ sio(4) Đ½Đ° uart(4)? sio(4) Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, uart(4) Ñ�е Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ³Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº. Đ’ Đ½Đ¸Đ·ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� 6.0.
+
+phk Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ². grog Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ»Ñ�ди Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸. ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼. rwatson: Đ�Ñ‚Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� 6.0.
+
+Đ£Ñ�илиÑ� Đ²Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ³ 5.X Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° ĐµÑ‘ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+*imp* : Đ�ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ·Đ°ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
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+title: "Đ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= Đ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD
+
+== FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹.
+
+Đ’Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾. Đ¡Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐºÑƒĐ¿Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾.
+
+=== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ° 4.4BSD.
+
+Đ˜Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ±ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ¾ из диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ² *BSD*, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ˜Ñ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ’Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ (Computer Systems Research Group) Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ° (Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸). Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 10 Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ²Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ² ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ BSD, Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ¸Đ½Đ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ SMP, Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ² Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ’ Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đµ FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚Ñƒ, Đ² Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ½ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ… Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½, Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ° ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… деÑ�ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ� ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² и Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Ñƒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+=== FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ее Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ„ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�: Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ Đ¼ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ° hi-end.
+
+Đ¡ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đµ 2008 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии *FreeBSD 7.0* Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ и ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ¡ Ñ„Đ¾ĐºÑƒÑ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ¼ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD 7.0 Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ *Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ ZFS* Đ¾Ñ‚ Sun и *Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�*. Đ‘ĐµĐ½Ñ‡Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ MySQL и PostgreSQL Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Linux Đ½Đ° 8-Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ….
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+* *SMPng*: ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ SMP FreeBSD 7.0 Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ»ĐºĐ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½ÑƒĐ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ° Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ»Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ¹Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ 8, Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°Ñ… CPU Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¾Đº. Đ’ FreeBSD 7.0 Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° (Giant lock) и Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ ÑƒĐ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ° из ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� CAM и ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° NFS, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� (fine-grained) Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ. Đ—Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¾Đ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸Đº ULE Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Ñ�Đ·ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đº CPU и Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ CPU Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ ĐºĐµÑˆĐ°. Đ‘Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ² libthr, Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� 1:1 Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ‘ĐµĐ½Ñ‡Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ UNIX(R) Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ� SMP Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° FreeBSD.
+* *Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° ZFS*: Sun ZFS - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ·Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºÑƒ и Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…. Đ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�ии, raid, Ñ�Đ½Đ°Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ ZFS Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ± ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ….
+* *Đ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� 10gbps Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ¹*: Đ¡ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ 10gbps Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD 7.0 Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ¾Đ±ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¾Đº, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ±ÑƒÑ„ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², TCP Segment Offload (TSO), Large Receive Offload (LRO), Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒÑ� диÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‚Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° и Đ±Đ°Đ»Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ TCP/IP Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ CPU Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 10gbps или Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ². ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° у Chelsio, Intel, Myricom и Neterion.
+* *SCTP*: FreeBSD 7.0 Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Ñ� ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ IETF - Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ VoIP, Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đº Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° и Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ� (multi-path) Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ°, Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ¾ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ (fail-over) и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ (multi-streaming).
+* *Wireless*: FreeBSD 7.0 Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ беÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�зи, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Atheros, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ Ralink, Intel и ZyDAS, WPA, Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đµ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ€Đ¾ÑƒĐ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ³ и 802.11n.
+* *Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹*: FreeBSD 7.0 Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ ARM, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun Ultrasparc T1.
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+FreeBSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³ÑƒÑ� иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹; Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… из Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ:
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+* *Đ�бÑ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºÑ�ш Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ±ÑƒÑ„ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼* Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºÑ�ÑˆĐ°, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ’ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº диÑ�ĐºĐ°Đ¼, Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¸Đ·Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² ĐºÑ�ÑˆĐ°.
+* *ĐœĐ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸* Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Đ¼, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Linux, SCO UNIX и System V Release 4, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+* *ĐœÑ�Đ³ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�* ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ½Đµ Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�. Đ�Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ· Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾. Đ’Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºÑ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ и Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ же Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, и Ñ€ĐµĐ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾. ĐœĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Ñ�Đ½Đ°Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Ñ�Đ³ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+* *Đ¡Đ½Đ°Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼* Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ½Đ°Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� *background fsck*, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ° без Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ из-Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° *IP Security (IPsec)* Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ и Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� IPv6. Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD IPsec Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ° *ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�*.
+* *Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° IPv6* Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐº KAME IPv6 Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ беÑ�ÑˆĐ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. FreeBSD Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ IPv6!
+* *ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� SMP Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°* Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ»ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ…, Đ° *Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°* Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‹, Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Ñ� Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° же Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ *Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐº* и *Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸*. Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� FreeBSD 6.x Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ»ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ VFS Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ UFS Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾, Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºÑƒ Đ²Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ°/Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ°, Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đº CPU.
+* *ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ M:N Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· pthreads* Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ CPU, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ *Kernel Schedulable Entities*. Đ¡ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸ *Scheduler Activation* Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ Đº Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đº Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+* *ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐº Netgraph* Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ и Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐº Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ абÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ£Đ·Đ»Ñ‹ Netgraph Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½ĐºĐ°Đ¿Ñ�ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚ÑƒĐ½ĐµĐ»Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ’ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ, Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Đµ и Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº.
+* *Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° TrustedBSD MAC Framework* Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ÑƒĐ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đº Đ´Đ¾ Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ´Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đº Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ…. Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ *ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ (MLS)* и *Đ—Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Biba*. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ *SEBSD*, Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° FLASK Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†ĐµĐ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ *Type Enforcement*.
+* *TrustedBSD Audit* - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и Đ² Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ» Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ�, Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ�, Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ» Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ°ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°. Đ�Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº и Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Đ¼, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ… Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ и Ñ€Ñ�де Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñ‹ Đ°ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ IDS Đº Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�у Đ°ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ° Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼. FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² и API Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° BSM audit trail, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ BSM Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ или Đ²Đ¾Đ²Ñ�е без Đ½Đ¸Ñ…. Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Solaris и Mac OS X, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ³Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� и ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°.
+* *ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½ÑŒ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đ° GEOM* Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�труÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD. GEOM Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� и ĐºĐ¾Đ³ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, делаÑ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�туÑ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� RAID и ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+* *Đ¨Đ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° базе GEOM (GBDE)* Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ� ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ„Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Đ¼Đ²Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° GEOM и Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° swap и Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* *Đ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°* Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ³Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ и Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Đ²Đ¾Đ´/Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´, Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+* *Đ’Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Ñ‹* Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼, Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Ñƒ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
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+=== Đ’Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ¹ и Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ².
+
+Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�. Đ’ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° *Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ (stateful)*, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đº *Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑ�Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ IP-ÑˆĐ»Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹*, *Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°*, *Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°*, *Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ jail* и *Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ Ñ� ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹*. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ° Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² или Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, жеÑ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ².
+
+Đ’Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐº, Đ°ÑƒÑ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Kerberos, "Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²" Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ jail, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… chroot Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đº Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ, Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Secure RPC и Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… TCP-Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28acb7efb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME
+
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ GNOME?
+
+[.right]
+image:../../gifs/gnome/gnome.png[]
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ GNOME Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ Ñ� Ñ†ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼. Đ¡ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ GNOME Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ GNOME Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼ GNU, Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ° GNOME Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Unix-Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…. Đ‘Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ� уÑ�илиÑ�Đ¼ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD GNOME и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ², Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ GNOME Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¸Đ» Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñƒ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ .
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ GNOME Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ·Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đº. Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ GNOME Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�:
+
+* http://www.gnome.org[Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ» GNOME]: ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹.
+* http://developer.gnome.org[ĐŸĐ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ GNOME]: Đ‘Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐº и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Unix.
+* http://www.gnome.org/gnome-office[GNOME Office]: Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°
+
+GNOME Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Ñ… 4.8, 4.9, 5.2, -STABLE и -CURRENT. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ из GNOME Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD; Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ link:docs/volunteer[еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ]!
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/contact.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/contact.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3eb91d0a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/contact.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ GNOME Đ½Đ° FreeBSD Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[freebsd-gnome]. Đ’Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ FreeBSD GNOME, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ‚Đµ, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ² уÑ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐµ GNOME Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¼ link:{handbook}#ERESOURCES-SUBSCRIBE[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�]. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ или Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ - Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org.
+
+Đ’Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, еÑ�ли Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ из Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒÑ�. Далее Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ»Đ¸Ñ†, ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD GNOME (Đ² Đ°Đ»Ñ„Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ):
+
+* mailto:adamw@FreeBSD.org[Adam Weinberger]
+* mailto:bland@FreeBSD.org[Alexander Nedotsukov]
+* mailto:marcus@FreeBSD.org[Joe Marcus Clarke] (AIM: FreeBSDMarcus)
+* mailto:sobomax@FreeBSD.org[Maxim Sobolev]
+
+Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD GNOME Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² IRC. Đ¢Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñƒ #freebsd-gnome Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ FreeNode, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GNOME Đ½Đ° FreeBSD.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/bugging.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/bugging.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..117598cf7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/bugging.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ
+
+== 1. Đ� Ñ‡Ñ‘Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ?
+
+Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼: Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Даже еÑ�ли Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ°Ñ�-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚. Đ¡ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹, Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Ñ…ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� или Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ°Đ»Đ¾ - Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и/или Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ у Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ» Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ.
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+Đ•Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² абÑ�Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ беÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Đ½ĐµÑ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đµ _"Đ­Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ gnomefoo Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚. Đ¯ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� FreeBSD-X.Y. Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°."_ Đ�е Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸, Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ° и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�:
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+* Đ¢Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ (Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ `uname -a`).
+* ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹, уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ.
+* Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ `/usr/bin/env`).
+* Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ· Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+* Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ¸Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸: Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ» Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° Đ² Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, еÑ�ли Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ�, и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ебÑ� Đ½Đ° Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² и Đ² ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ�е Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ, и Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµÑ‘ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ.
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+Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ или Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ± Đ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, даже еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ ÑƒĐ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ‹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼. Даже еÑ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ же Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ± Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ĐºĐ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ�ли Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ³Đ´Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ; и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�.
+
+== 2. Đ�ÑƒĐ´Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ?
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+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ или даже Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, http://www.freebsd.org/search/[Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº] Đ² Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD GNOME Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ ли ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼, Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐµ.
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+Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ±ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°, Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ Đ² GNOME Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD: Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-gnome], Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ² http://www.freebsd.org/support#gnats[Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD], Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ‘ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºÑƒ GNOME Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ¸Ñ… http://bugzilla.gnome.org/[Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº] или Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ².
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+Đ�ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºÑƒĐ´Đ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ - Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ²Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ:
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+* Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD и Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€ (Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¿Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼, Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ°, Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ Makefile Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее), Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ² mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-gnome].
+* Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD и у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² GNOME Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Bugzilla).
+* Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¹, и у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº, ĐºĐ°Đº FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ FreeBSD Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, без Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°.
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+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ GNOME"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ GNOME
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+. <<q1,ДлÑ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME?>>
+. <<q2,Đ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ ли Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME?>>
+. <<q3,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME?>>
+. <<q4,Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸?>>
+. <<q5,Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, еÑ�ли Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚?>>
+. <<q6,Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Đ¼Đ¸?>>
+. <<q7,Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ дел Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ GNOME Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD?>>
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚
+
+[q1]]
+. *ДлÑ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME?*
++
+Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ из Ñ�ебÑ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ GNOME, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ (Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ) Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии. Đ’ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ GNOME Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸:
++
+.. *STABLE* - ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ, Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� "Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ", и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}.
++
+.. *DEVELOPMENT* - Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ¶ÑƒÑ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹. Đ¢Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ GNOME Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° (Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, 2.3, {gnomedevelver}, 2.(n*2)-1). Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, и Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ°- Đº Đ±ĐµÑ‚Đ°- ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ. Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ�Ñ€Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² CVS-Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ°. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� GNOME {gnomedevelver}.
++
+.. *CVS* - Đ—Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�туÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐº GNOME Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ HEAD из CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ°-ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ и Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ°-ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°.
++
+[[q2]]
+. *Đ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ ли Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME?*
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ, абÑ�Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ GNOME {gnomedevelver}, еÑ�ли Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº и ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD GNOME. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, еÑ�ли Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° GNOME Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�.
++
+[[q3]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME?*
++
+mailto:marcus@FreeBSD.org[Marcus] Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ, Đ³Đ´Đµ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ�е Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² GNOME Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ÑŒ Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ� Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đ°. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.marcuscom.com:8080/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi.
++
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `/etc/make.conf`, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ² gdb Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�:
++
+....
+CFLAGS=  -O -g -pipe
+STRIP=
+....
++
+. [[q4]] *Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸?*
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ `marcusmerge` Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD. Đ¡ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚ `marcusmerge` Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ http://www.marcuscom.com/downloads/marcusmerge[здеÑ�ÑŒ], Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° http://www.marcuscom.com/marcusmerge.8.html[тут]. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚ link:../faq2/#q6[portupgrade] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
++
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ GNOME Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹. Đ˜Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ `portupgrade` Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ или Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-gnome[freebsd-gnome], Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đº ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñƒ IRC _#freebsd-gnome_ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ FreeNode (`irc.freenode.net`).
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ²ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ÑˆĐ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ° Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ "Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ÑƒÑ�" Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ, Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ GNOME.
++
+[[q5]]
+. *Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, еÑ�ли Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚?*
++
+Đ’ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° GNOME, Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ *bug-buddy* или Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ° http://bugzilla.gnome.org[BugZilla] GNOME (*Đ—Đ�ĐœĐ•Đ§Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ•:* Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đº BugZilla Đ´Đ»Ñ� Evolution Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ http://bugzilla.ximian.com[здеÑ�ÑŒ]). Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD или Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org или Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ½Đ° IRC-ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đµ _#freebsd-gnome_ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ FreeNode.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ ID Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº из GNOME/Ximian Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ¡Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ±Đ¾!
++
+[[q6]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Đ¼Đ¸?*
++
+Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ»Ñ�ди Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº. Đ�Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ»Ñ�ди Ñ� Ñ…ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… link:../screenshots.html[Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ½ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²].
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Perl, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ _Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾_ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½ ĐºÑ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ http://www.gnome.org/projects/gst/index.html[gnome-system-tools]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у marcus@FreeBSD.org, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ.
++
+Даже еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ½Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‚ GNOME {gnomever} Đº GNOME {gnomedevelver}; Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ�ебÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾; Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ… Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ и Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼.
++
+[[q7]]
+. *Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ дел Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ GNOME Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD?*
++
+Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ GNOME {gnomedevelver}, Đ²Ñ�е Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� без Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² из `x11/gnome2-fifth-toe` Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии. ĐŸĐ¾ĐºĐ° Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·ĐºÑƒ Ñ� {cpp}; Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·ĐºĐ° Ñ� {cpp} Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ из Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Fifth Toe Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ libgnomeui-2.5.2 Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ из Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ² GNOME 2.5.1. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Actions->Log Out. Đ ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚Đ° "Prompt on logout" Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ Applications->Desktop Preferences->Advanced->Sessions.
++
+Đ˜ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ£Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ из Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ wheel.
++
+*Đ˜Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸:*
+* http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=129349[#129349]: [gnome-terminal] keybindings don't work if menu bar isn't visible
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/example-makefile.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/example-makefile.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6baa98e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/example-makefile.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Makefile Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Makefile Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME
+
+Далее Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Makefile Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� GNOME.
+
+....
+# New ports collection makefile for:    gnomeapp
+# Date created:                     27 December 2003
+# Whom:                             Some GNOME User <freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org>
+#
+# $FreeBSD: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/htdocs/gnome/docs/example-Makefile.xml 43181 2013-11-13 06:10:37Z hrs $
+#
+
+# For this example, assume there was already a gnomeapp in the tree, and that this
+# is the GTK+-2 version (i.e. gnomeapp2 versus gnomeapp).
+PORTname=       gnomeapp2
+PORTVERSION=    {gnomever}.2
+MASTER_SITES=   ${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}
+MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR= sources/${PORTNAME:S/2//}/{gnomever}
+DISTname=       ${PORTNAME:S/2//}-${PORTVERSION}
+DIST_SUBDIR=    gnome2
+
+MAINTAINER=     gnome@FreeBSD.org
+COMMENT=        A GNOME app that does some stuff
+
+USE_BZIP2=      yes
+USE_X_PREFIX=   yes
+USE_LIBTOOL=    yes # many GNOME apps need libtool, and most need GNU configure
+USE_GMAKE=      yes # same with GNU make
+# This is for i18n:
+CONFIGURE_ENV+= CPPFLAGS="-I${LOCALBASE}/include" \
+                LDFLAGS="-L${LOCALBASE}/lib"
+USE_GNOME=      gnomehack gnometarget lthack gtk20
+
+# This application can dock in the GNOME panel, or it can not.
+# But there's no need to build support for it if the GNOME panel
+# libraries are not installed, so only build GNOME panel support
+# if the gnomepanel port is already installed.
+WANT_GNOME=     yes
+
+.include <bsd.port.pre.mk>
+
+.if ${HAVE_GNOME:Mgnomepanel}!=""
+USE_GNOME+=         gnomepanel
+CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --with-gnome
+PKGNAMESUFFIX=      -gnome
+.else
+CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --without-gnome
+.endif
+
+# Given all the above code, the package name is either "gnomeapp2-{gnomever}.2-gnome" or
+# "gnomeapp2-{gnomever}.2", depending upon whether you want gnomepanel support. The downloaded
+# distfile will be "gnomeapp-{gnomever}.2.tar.bz2."
+
+.include <bsd.port.post.mk>
+  
+....
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/faq.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/faq.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d254d28874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/faq.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ Đ¿Đ¾ GNOME"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: FAQ Đ¿Đ¾ GNOME
+
+== Đ�Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+. <<q1,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GNOME {gnomever} Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD?>>
+. <<q2,ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GNOME {gnomever} из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ?>>
+. <<q3,Đ¯ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ» GNOME {gnomever}, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� foo. Где Đ²Đ·Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ?>>
+. <<q4,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� GNOME 1.4 Đ½Đ° GNOME 2?>>
+. <<q5,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� GNOME {gnomeoldver} Đ½Đ° GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q6,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q7,ĐœĐ¾Đ³Ñƒ ли Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME 1.4 Đ² GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q8,Где Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q9,Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q10,ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ли GNOME {gnomever} ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ¼?>>
+. <<q11,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ� ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ³?>>
+. <<q12,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� GNOME 2?>>
+. <<q13,Đ�Đ°Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ² GTK+ 2 Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ GTK+ 2 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ GNOME?>>
+. <<q14,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME 1.4 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ² GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+. <<q15Nautilus-cd-burner Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ CD, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Totem/Goobox/Sound-juicer Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ CD/DVD. Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ?>>
+. <<q16,[Đ�Đ°Đº Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‹ GDM?>>
+. <<q17,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼ Nautilus?>>
+. <<q18,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸ "Computer", "Home" и "Trash" Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»Đµ?>>
+. <<q19,[Đ�Đ°Đº Đ² Nautilus Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸?>>
+. <<q20,ĐŸĐ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ GNOME Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�?>>
+. <<q21,Đ�Đ°Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ GNOME из GNOME Tinderbox?>>
+. <<q22,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ² GNOME Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹?>>
+. <<q23,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GDM Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ?>>
+. <<q24,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹ Ñ� gnome2-lite Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME {gnomever}?>>
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚
+
+[[q1]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GNOME {gnomever} Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD?*
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ²Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ GNOME {gnomever} Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ link:{handbook}#packages-using[Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹], Đ° Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ link:{handbook}#ports-using[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]. ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� http://www.gnome.org/start/{gnomever}/notes/[Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] GNOME {gnomever}.
++
+Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° GNOME {gnomever} из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹.
++
+ДлÑ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ GNOME {gnomever} из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹:
++
+`# pkg_add -r gnome2`
++
+Đ�Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ GNOME {gnomever} Ñ� FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD и Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºÑƒ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆÑƒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ.
++
+Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ GNOME Đ´Đ»Ñ� i386 Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ� <<q21,GNOME Tinderbox>>.
++
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ GNOME {gnomever} из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ link:{handbook}#cvsup[cvsup] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ—Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼:
++
+....
+# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
+# make clean
+# make install clean
+....
++
+Đ’ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ File Alteration Monitor (FAM) Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đµ {gnomever}.
++
+Đ’ GNOME Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° File Alteration Monitor (`devel/fam`), Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹ GNOME Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸, ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ или Đ¼Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° FAM Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² inetd.conf(5). Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ `ports/devel/fam/pkg-message`.
++
+Đ—Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº GNOME {gnomever} Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� X.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ GNOME {gnomever}, Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GNOME {gnomever} Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ² Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ из Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² `~/.xsession` или `~/.xinitrc`, Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´Đ°, Đ³Đ´Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½ĐµĐµ:
++
+....
+exec gnome-session
+....
++
+[[q2]]
+. *ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GNOME {gnomever} из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ?*
++
+Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ GNOME {gnomever} Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‘Đ¼ <<q6,Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�>> Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² GNOME {gnomever} Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹.
++
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² <<q6,FAQ #6>>, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ² <<q6,FAQ #6>>. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ�, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ из FAQ #6.
++
+Đ’ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ, еÑ�ли ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ GNOME {gnomever} уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ», Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ:
++
+....
+checking for libgnomeui-2.0 libbonoboui-2.0 libbonobo-2.0 >= 2.2.1
+gnome-vfs-2.0 libgnomeprint-2.2 >= 2.3.0 libgnomeprintui-2.2 libglade-2.0...
+configure: error: Library requirements (libgnomeui-2.0 libbonoboui-2.0
+libbonobo-2.0 >= 2.2.1 gnome-vfs-2.0 libgnomeprint-2.2 >= 2.3.0 libgnomeprintui-2.2
+libglade-2.0) not met; consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
+if your libraries are in a nonstandard prefix so pkg-config can find them.
+....
++
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² <<q6,Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸>>, и Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚.
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ° `pkg-config`, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼:
++
+....
+configure: error: *** pkg-config too old; version 0.14 or better required.
+....
++
+Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾: Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ pkg-config. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ pkg-config Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ `devel/pkgconfig`. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° иÑ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ·Đ½ĐµÑ‚.
++
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� pthreads (POSIX(R) threads), Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…:
++
+....
+undefined reference to 'strerror_r'
+....
++
+ДлÑ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
++
+....
+options     _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
+....
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ -stable или -current, *Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ* `NOLIBC_R` Đ² `/etc/make.conf`. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�делали, Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° config.log из Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°.
++
+Đ˜Ñ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ же Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸.
++
+Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ же Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ²Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ же Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°, или даже Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ `portupgrade`. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¸ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐº Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ `/usr/local/lib/compat/pkg` и ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ…, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ `portupgrade -u -rf         pkgconfig`. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ½ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� GNOME (и Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼), Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐº Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ `/usr/local/lib/compat/pkg`.
++
+. [[q3]]
+*Đ¯ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ» GNOME {gnomever}, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� foo. Где Đ²Đ·Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ?*
++
+Đ’ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ `gnome2` Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸. Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME 2.
+* *GNOME 2 Fifth Toe* (`x11/gnome2-fifth-toe`) Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME 2, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»Đ°. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ° и Đ¼Đ³Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼ÑƒĐ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ и Đ¼ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ¹Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ³Ñ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸
+* *GNOME 2 Hacker Tools* (`devel/gnome2-hacker-tools`) Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… GNOME-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ IDE, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ², "Ñ…Đ°ĐºĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ" Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°.
+* *GNOME 2 Office* (`editors/gnome2-office`) Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ и Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…, Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¸Đ°Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼.
+* ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ *GNOME 2 Power Tools* (`x11/gnome2-power-tools`) Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ и Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸-Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� GNOME. Đ’ Đ½Ñ‘Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Desktop и Fifth Toe.
++
+ДлÑ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹:
+....
+# pkg_add -r meta-port
+....
++
+Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ GNOME 2 Fifth Toe из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹:
++
+....
+# pkg_add -r gnome2-fifth-toe
+....
++
+ДлÑ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²:
++
+....
+# cd /usr/ports/category/meta-port
+# make clean
+# make install clean
+....
++
+Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ GNOME 2 Fifth Toe из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²:
++
+....
+# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2-fifth-toe
+# make clean
+# make install clean
+....
++
+[[q4]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� GNOME 1.4 Đ½Đ° GNOME 2?*
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Đµ GNOME 1.4 и Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‘ Đ´Đ¾ GNOME {gnomever}, Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� http://www.gnome.org/start/2.0/installation.html#upgrading[Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸] Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ GNOME. Đ£Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 1.4 Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ из Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ GNOME 1.4:
++
+....
+gnomecore
+sawfish
+gnomeapplets
+gnomemedia
+gtop
+libgtop
+nautilus
+gedit
+xalf
+bugbuddy
+gnomeaudio
+gnomegames
+gnomeutils
+gdm
+eog
+ggv
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GNOME {gnomever} Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� <<q1,Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ>>.
++
+[[q5]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� GNOME {gnomeoldver} Đ½Đ° GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Ñ� {gnomeoldver} Đ½Đ° {gnomever} Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½ĐµĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´ Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии 2.4 Đ½Đ° {gnomeoldver}. Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² link:../faq26[FAQ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�].
++
+[[q6]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµĐ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñƒ `portupgrade` -- и _Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾_ `portupgrade` -- Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME {gnomever} Đ² Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸.
++
+Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ `portupgrade.`
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² (Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ `cvsup`) Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, и Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸:
++
+....
+# pkgdb -F
+# portupgrade -a
+....
++
+Đ—Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº Ñ� Đ½ÑƒĐ»Ñ�.
++
+Đ�еÑ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ `portupgrade`, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ебÑ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ или Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ² Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� GNOME и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ² Đ¸Ñ… (Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸). ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹:
++
+....
+# pkgdb -F
+# pkg_delete -rf pkgconfig\*
+# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
+# make clean
+# make install clean
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� GNOME. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°ÑˆÑƒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Đ½Đ¸Ñ…, и Đ²Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ, Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ²Đ°Đ¼ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ. ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�; Đº Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐºĐ¾.
++
+[[q7]]
+. *ĐœĐ¾Đ³Ñƒ ли Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME 1.4 Đ² GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME 1.4 Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ GNOME 2. Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ GNOME 2, Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ из Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐµ GNOME 2 Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ без Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� GNOME из Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
++
+[[q8]]
+. *Где Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� GTK+-1/2, metacity, sawfish, nautilus, GDM и Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đº, Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Ñ‹:
+* http://art.gnome.org[art.gnome.org]
+* http://www.gnome-look.org[GNOME-look.org]
+* http://www.themedepot.org[The Theme Depot]
+* http://themes.freshmeat.net[themes.freshmeat.net]
+* http://jimmac.musichall.cz/icons.php[Đ¡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Jimmac's Icons]
+ДлÑ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… `x11-themes/gnome-icons` и `x11-themes/metacity-themes`.
+[[q9]]
+. *Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+ĐŸĐ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ `gnome2` уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€ metacity. Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� http://sawmill.sourceforge.net/[sawfish]. Sawfish Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đµ `x11-wm/sawfish2`.
++
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ� metacity Đ½Đ° sawfish Đ² GNOME 2, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
++
+....
+# killall metacity; sawfish &
+# gnome-session-save --gui
+....
++
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° `gnome-session-save` Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ°. Без Đ½ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€, Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đµ sawfish Đ½Đ° metacity.
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ GNOME {gnomever} Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đº Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° и mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¼]!
++
+[[q10]]
+. *ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ли GNOME {gnomever} ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ¼?*
++
+Да! Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ XFree86 4.x или X.Org Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ freetype2. ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² X Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ freetype2, Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºÑƒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ Modules Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² XF86Config или xorg.conf:
++
+....
+Load    "freetype"
+Load    "type1"
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚Đµ ĐºĐ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñƒ Fonts Đ² Applications->Desktop Preferences. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² TrueType, уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ `x11-fonts/webfonts`.
++
+Đ˜Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸Ñ… ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ fontconfig. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ даже Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° GNOME 2, Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ root:
++
+....
+# fc-cache -f -v
+....
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org.
++
+[[q11]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ� ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ³?*
++
+GNOME {gnomever} Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ libXft и fontconfig. Fontconfig Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ XML. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `~/.fonts.conf`, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ fontconfig. Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ³ Đº ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ 16 Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ `~/.fonts.conf` Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼:
++
+....
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
+<fontconfig>
+
+<match target="font">
+        <test name="size" compare="less_eq">
+                <double>16</double>
+        </test>
+        <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
+                <bool>false</bool>
+        </edit>
+</match>
+<match target="font">
+        <test name="pixelsize" compare="less_eq">
+                <double>16</double>
+        </test>
+        <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
+                <bool>false</bool>
+        </edit>
+</match>
+</fontconfig>
+....
++
+Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº fonts-conf(5) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
++
+[[q12]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� GNOME 2?*
++
+Đ’ GNOME {gnomever} Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� GNOME Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² .desktop. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� Applications, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ `deskutils/gnome-menu-editor`.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME 2.12.
++
+[[q13]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ² GTK+ 2 Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ GTK+ 2 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ GNOME?*
++
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� GNOME 2 Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ GTK+ 2 из Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ GTK+ 2 Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ GNOME, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¼ `~/.gtkrc-2.0`.
++
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ из Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ GTK+ 2 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ GNOME, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ (`include`) Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° `gtk-2.0/gtkrc` Đ² Đ²Đ°Ñˆ `~/.gtkrc-2.0`. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€:
++
+....
+include "/usr/X11R6/share/themes/Crux/gtk-2.0/gtkrc"
+....
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñƒ и ту же Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ GTK+ 1.2 ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GTK+ 1.2, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и GTK+ 2, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Đ¼ GTK+ ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ¸Đ´. Đ’ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ² Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸) Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ из Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° `~/.gtkrc` (иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ² GTK+ 1.2).
+.. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ² GTK+ 2. Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ°Ñ….
+.. Đ—Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ÑˆÑ€Đ¸Ñ„Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ… `style`, Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ `gtk-font-name`. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€:
++
+....
+gtk-font-name = "Verdana 11"
+....
++
+Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `gtkrc` Đ´Đ»Ñ� GTK+ 1.2 Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ `gtkrc-2.0` Đ´Đ»Ñ� GTK+ 2, Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ _Đ½Đµ_ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚: Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° `gtkrc-2.0` Đ´Đ»Ñ� GTK+ 2 Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `gtkrc` Đ´Đ»Ñ� GTK+ 1.2.
++
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ GTK+, без Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² `~/.gtkrc`, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ `x11/gtk-theme-switch` и `x11/gtk2-theme-switch`.
++
+[[q14]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME 1.4 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ² GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ `sysutils/gnomecontrolcenter`, Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ из ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ `gnomecc` Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� GNOME 1.4.
++
+[[q15]]
+. *Nautilus-cd-burner Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ CD, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Totem/Goobox/Sound-juicer Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´ CD/DVD. Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ?*
++
+Nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox и sound-juicer Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ CD/DVD, Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² и Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ². Nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox и sound-juicer Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ CD/DVD Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ SCSI CAM. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
++
+....
+device          scbus
+device          cd
+device          pass
+....
++
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ² CD/DVD Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ ATAPI Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸:
++
+....
+device      atapicam
+....
++
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ CD/DVD Đ²Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ root:
++
+....
+# camcontrol devlist
+....
++
+Đ’Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼:
++
+....
+<QSI CDRW/DVD SBW-242 UD22>       at scbus1 target 0 lun 0 (cd0,pass0)
+....
++
+Đ’Đ°Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†Đµ Đ² Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ `/dev` Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox или sound-juicer. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� nautilus-cd-burner, totem, goobox и sound-juicer, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и и уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° `/dev/xpt*`. Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ `/etc/devfs.conf` Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đº Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² (*NB:* `devfs.conf` Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD 5.X):
++
+....
+perm    cd0     0666
+perm    xpt0    0666
+perm    pass0   0666
+....
++
+Đ’Đ¾ FreeBSD 4.X Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñƒ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, и Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ же Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD 4.X Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° 'c' (Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, `cd0c`).
++
+[[q16]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‹ GDM?*
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ¾Đº Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ² GDM Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ GNOME 2.2 Đº {gnomever}. Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `.desktop`, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ… Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Đ°. Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ `/usr/X11R6/etc/dm/Sessions`. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Đ° KDE, Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ² `/usr/X11R6/etc/dm/Sessions` Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¼ `kde.desktop`. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
++
+....
+[Desktop Entry]
+Encoding=UTF-8
+Name=KDE
+Comment=This session logs you into KDE
+Exec=/usr/local/bin/startkde
+TryExec=/usr/local/bin/startkde
+Icon=
+Type=Application
+....
++
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€:
++
+....
+# chmod 0555 kde.desktop
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ GDM, и Đ² Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� _Sessions_ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° *KDE*.
++
+[[q17]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼ Nautilus?*
++
+Đ’ GNOME {gnomever} Nautilus Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ("spatial") Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾ĐºĐ½Đµ. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñƒ Nautilus, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Desktop->Preferences->File Management, Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ»ĐºĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐµ Behavior и Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€ "Always open in browser windows".
++
+[[q18]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸ "Computer", "Home" и "Trash" Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»Đµ?*
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đº "Computer", "Home" и "Trash", Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е или Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ из Đ½Đ¸Ñ…. ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ *Applications > System Tools > Configuration Editor*, и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đº ĐºĐ»Ñ�чу `/apps/nautilus/desktop`. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ или Đ²Ñ‹ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸, и даже Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ "Home" и "Trash".
++
+[[q19]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ² Nautilus Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸?*
++
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ (Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸, диÑ�ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее) Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Nautilus, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ sysctl-Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€ `vfs.usermount` Đ² Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ `1`. ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ Đ² `/etc/sysctl.conf`, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºÑƒ:
++
+....
+vfs.usermount=1
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ² `/etc/fstab`. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, еÑ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ `marcus` Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ CD Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³ `/home/marcus/cdrom`, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ `/etc/fstab` Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ°:
++
+....
+/dev/acd0   /home/marcus/cdrom cd9660  ro,noauto 0 0
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�. *Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµÑ‡ÑŒ. Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° `/home/marcus/cdrom` Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ `marcus` и `marcus` Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° `/dev/acd0`. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ² Nautilus Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ Computer Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºĐ° CD-ROM. Đ”Đ²Đ¾Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‰ĐµĐ»Ñ‡Đ¾Đº Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� CD и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»Đµ.
++
+Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐº Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ `/etc/fstab` Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� _Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đµ_ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ². Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, еÑ�ли ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³ `/home` Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° `/usr/home`, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ `/usr/home/marcus/cdrom`. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ или Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ĐºĐ½Ñ‘Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
++
+Đ“Ñ�Ñ€Đ¸ Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ½ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» http://www.aloha.com/~knowtree/howto/gnomeSMBmount.html[Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸] Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ² SMB Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸.
++
+[[q20]]
+. *ĐŸĐ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ GNOME Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�?*
++
+Đ’ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° GNOME Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�ĐµĐºÑƒĐ½Đ´ (Đ½Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ†Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸). Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�.
++
+ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾. ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ:
++
+....
+ping `hostname`
+....
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ² DNS Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `/etc/hosts`. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ IP-Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ°, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ Ñ� `localhost` Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° `/etc/hosts`. Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, еÑ�ли Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¼ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� `gnome-rocks.mydomain.com`, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ `/etc/hosts`, Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ:
++
+....
+127.0.0.1               localhost localhost.my.domain
+....
++
+�а:
++
+....
+127.0.0.1              localhost localhost.my.domain gnome-rocks gnome-rocks.mydomain.com
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ FAM. Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° FAM Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² `gnomevfs2` Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Đº Nautilus, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ¼ `127.0.0.1:111`. ДлÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FAM Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `pkg-message` Đ² `/usr/ports/devel/fam`. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ FAM, ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ `devel/fam`, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ Đ² `/etc/make.conf` и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ `devel/gnomevfs2 port`:
++
+....
+WITHOUT_FAM=yes
+....
++
+Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, еÑ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ sysctl-Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€ blackhole Đ´Đ»Ñ� TCP или UDP, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đº Đ·Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đµ Đ² GNOME. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‘Đ½ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ FAM, Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº GNOME Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… sysctl-Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ² 0:
++
+....
+net.inet.tcp.blackhole
+net.inet.udp.blackhole
+....
++
+[[q21]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ GNOME Ñ� GNOME Tinderbox?*
++
+http://www.marcuscom.com/tinderbox/[GNOME Tinderbox] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ i386 Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹ GNOME Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD. Đ’Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ у ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ±Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME, Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹ из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
++
+ДлÑ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Ñ� GNOME Tinderbox Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� `PACKAGESITE` ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³ Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ•Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ»ĐºĐ½ÑƒĐ² Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ _Package Directory_ Đ½Đ° Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Tinderbox. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ `/Latest/`, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ `pkg_add gnome2` без Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹. Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ� FreeBSD 5.2.1, Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ `PACKAGESITE` Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼:
++
+....
+http://www.marcuscom.com/tb/packages/5.2.1-FreeBSD/Latest/
+....
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ FreeBSD -STABLE, -CURRENT или Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле 4.9 или 5.2, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ <<q1,Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼>> Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ GNOME из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ еÑ�ли уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD 4.9 или 5.2.1, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ или Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ `sysutils/pkg_install`, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ GNOME из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹:
++
+....
+/usr/local/sbin/pkg_add -r gnome2
+....
++
+Đ�де Đ›Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‚ (ade) Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ amd64 Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² GNOME 2 Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ‘Đ¼ http://tinderbox.lovett.com/[Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹].
++
+[[q22]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ² GNOME Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹?*
++
+Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� GNOME {gnomever} MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ базе Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… FreeDesktop. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ gnome-control-center ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ MIME Đ² Ñ�ту Đ±Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼, еÑ�ли Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Đº Nautilus, Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ° _Open With_ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ Properties Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚.
++
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ MIME Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ или Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ… Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…. Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�. MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² `${LOCALBASE}/share/mime` Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ `${X11BASE}/share/mime`, Đ° Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² `~/.local/share/mime`. Đ’ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾.
++
+ДлÑ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ _application_ и _packages_, ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ. Đ˜Đ¼Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° application Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñƒ MIME, и Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ. Đ’ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ packages Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ�е Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² без Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
++
+Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, еÑ�ли Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Windows HTML Help (Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ .chm) Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ *application/x-chm*, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ. Đ¡Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸ `~/.local/share/mime/application` и `~/.local/share/mime/packages`, еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚. Đ—Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ `x-chm.xml`, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ `~/.local/share/mime/application`. Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼:
++
+....
+<xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<mime-type
+xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info"
+type="application/x-chm">
+  <comment>Windows HTML Help file</comment>
+</mime-type>
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Đ¼ packages-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¼ `chm.xml`, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ² `~/.local/share/mime/packages`. Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ°Đº:
++
+....
+<xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<mime-info
+xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info">
+  <mime-type type="application/x-chm">
+    <comment>Windows HTML Help file</comment>
+    <glob pattern="*.chm" />
+  </mime-type>
+</mime-info>
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… MIME. ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑƒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ:
++
+....
+% update-mime-database ~/.local/share/mime
+....
++
+Đ˜, Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ из Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² GNOME, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�Đ¸Đ»Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�. Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ MIME-Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� _Properties->Open With_ Đ² Nautilus. Đ� Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ GNOME Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹.
++
+[[q23]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ GDM Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ?*
++
+GNOME Display Manager (GDM) Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐµ. ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (PAM) Đ´Đ»Ñ� _gdm-autologin_. Đ’ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ 5.X Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `/etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin` Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼:
++
+....
+auth       required     pam_nologin.so
+auth       required     pam_permit.so
+account    required     pam_unix.so
+session    required     pam_permit.so
+....
++
+Đ’ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ 4.X, Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ Đ² `/etc/pam.conf`:
++
+....
+gdm-autologin    auth        required    pam_permit.so
+gdm-autologin    account     required    pam_unix.so
+gdm-autologin    session     required    pam_permit.so
+....
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ PAM, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� GDM, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ `/usr/X11R6/etc/gdm/gdm.conf` и Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ `AutomaticLoginEnable=true`, Đ° Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ `AutomaticLogin` ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�, Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´. Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ:
++
+....
+AutomaticLoginEnable=true
+AutomaticLogin=marcus
+....
++
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� _marcus_ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° GDM.
++
+[[q24]]
+. *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹ Ñ� gnome2-lite Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNOME {gnomever}?*
++
+Đ’ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� _Lite_ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�е ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹ GNOME {gnomever}. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�, Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ `gnome2-lite`, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ <<q1,уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ>> Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ или Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ `gnome2`. Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ:
++
+....
+# pkg_delete gnome2-lite
+....
++
+Đ—Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ из Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾:
++
+....
+# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
+# make install clean
+....
++
+Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾:
++
+....
+# pkg_add -r gnome2
+....
++
+Đ�Đ°Đº Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Ñƒ, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME Đ² Đ¸Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ´ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² или Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome2_porting.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome2_porting.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee36dd913d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome2_porting.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 2"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 2
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",]
+|===
+|*Đ�Đ�ĐœĐŸĐ�Đ�Đ•Đ�Đ¢* |*Đ¡Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ’Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¢Đ’Đ£Đ®Đ©Đ�Đ¯ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ�* |*Đ’Đ�ЛЮЧĐ�Đ•ĐœĐ«Đ• Đ�Đ�ĐœĐŸĐ�Đ�Đ•Đ�Đ¢Đ«*
+|atk |accessibility/atk |glib20
+|atspi |accessibility/at-spi |gtk20 libbonobo
+|desktopfileutils |devel/desktop-file-utils |glib20
+|eel2 |x11-toolkits/eel |gnomedesktop
+|evolutiondataserver |databases/evolution-data-server |libgnomeui
+|gal2 |x11-toolkits/gal2 |gnomeui libgnomeprintui
+|gconf2 |devel/gconf2 |orbit2 libxml2 gtk20
+|_glib20 |devel/glib20 |pkgconfig
+|glib20 |devel/gio-fam-backend |_glib20
+|gnomecontrolcenter2 |sysutils/gnome-control-center |metacity gnomemenus desktopfileutils libgnomekbd gnomedesktop librsvg2
+|gnomedesktop |x11/gnome-desktop |gconf2 gnomedocutils pygtk2
+|gnomedesktopsharp20 |x11-toolkits/gnome-desktop-sharp20 |gnomesharp20
+|gnomedocutils |textproc/gnome-doc-utils |libxslt
+|gnomemenus |x11/gnome-menus |glib20
+|gnomepanel |x11/gnome-panel |gnomedesktop libwnck gnomemenus gnomedocutils librsvg2 libgnomeui
+|gnomesharp20 |x11-toolkits/gnome-sharp20 |gnomepanel gtkhtml3 gtksharp20 librsvg2 vte
+|gnomespeech |accessibility/gnome-speech |libbonobo
+|gnomevfs2 |devel/gnome-vfs |gconf2 gnomemimedata
+|gtk20 |x11-toolkits/gtk20 |intltool atk pango
+|gtkhtml3 |www/gtkhtml3 |libgnomeui
+|gtksharp10 |x11-toolkits/gtk-sharp10 |gtk20
+|gtksharp20 |x11-toolkits/gtk-sharp20 |gtk20
+|gtksourceview |x11-toolkits/gtksourceview |libgnome libgnomeprintui
+|gtksourceview2 |x11-toolkits/gtksourceview2 |gtk20 libxml2
+|gvfs |devel/gvfs |glib20 gconf2
+|libartlgpl2 |graphics/libart_lgpl |pkgconfig
+|libbonobo |devel/libbonobo |libxml2 orbit2
+|libbonoboui |x11-toolkits/libbonoboui |libgnomecanvas libgnome
+|libgailgnome |x11-toolkits/libgail-gnome |libgnomeui atspi
+|libgda2 |databases/libgda2 |glib20 libxslt
+|libgda3 |databases/libgda3 |glib20 libxslt
+|libgda4 |databases/libgda4 |glib20 libxslt
+|libglade2 |devel/libglade2 |libxml2 gtk20
+|libgnome |x11/libgnome |gnomevfs2 esound libbonobo
+|libgnomecanvas |graphics/libgnomecanvas |libglade2 libartlgpl2
+|libgnomedb |databases/libgnomedb |libgnomeui libgda3
+|libgnomekbd |x11/libgnomekbd |gconf2
+|libgnomeprint |print/libgnomeprint |libbonobo libartlgpl2 gtk20
+|libgnomeprintui |x11-toolkits/libgnomeprintui |libgnomeprint libgnomecanvas
+|libgnomeui |x11-toolkits/libgnomeui |libbonoboui
+|libgsf |devel/libgsf |gconf2 glib20 libxml2
+|libgsf_gnome |devel/libgsf-gnome |libgsf gnomevfs2
+|libgtkhtml |www/libgtkhtml |libxslt gnomevfs2
+|libidl |devel/libIDL |glib20
+|librsvg2 |graphics/librsvg2 |libgsf gtk20
+|libwnck |x11-toolkits/libwnck |gtk20
+|libxml2 |textproc/libxml2 |pkgconfig
+|libxslt |textproc/libxslt |libxml2
+|libzvt |x11-toolkits/libzvt |gtk20
+|linc |net/linc |glib20
+|metacity |x11-wm/metacity |gconf2
+|nautilus2 |x11-fm/nautilus |librsvg2 gnomedesktop desktopfileutils gvfs
+|nautiluscdburner |sysutils/nautilus-cd-burner |nautilus2 eel2 desktopfileutils
+|orbit2 |devel/ORBit2 |libidl
+|pango |x11-toolkits/pango |glib20
+|pygnome2 |x11-toolkits/py-gnome2 |libgnomeui pygtk2
+|pygnomedesktop |x11-toolkits/py-gnome-desktop |pygnome2 libgnomeprintui gtksourceview gnomepanel libwnck nautilus2 metacity
+|pygnomeextras |x11-toolkits/py-gnome-extras |pygnome2 libgtkhtml
+|pygtk2 |x11-toolkits/py-gtk2 |libglade2
+|pygtksourceview |x11-toolkits/py-gtksourceview |gtksourceview2 pygtk2
+|vte |x11-toolkits/vte |gtk20
+|===
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ²Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ из link:../../../ports/gnome.html[Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]. Đº Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-gnome].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome_porting.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome_porting.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3ec5597b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/gnome_porting.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 1"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 1
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",]
+|===
+|*Đ�Đ�ĐœĐŸĐ�Đ�Đ•Đ�Đ¢* |*Đ¡Đ�Đ�Đ¢Đ’Đ•Đ¢Đ¡Đ¢Đ’Đ£Đ®Đ©Đ�Đ¯ ĐŸĐ Đ�Đ“Đ Đ�ĐœĐœĐ�* |*Đ’Đ�ЛЮЧĐ�Đ•ĐœĐ«Đ• Đ�Đ�ĐœĐŸĐ�Đ�Đ•Đ�Đ¢Đ«*
+|bonobo |devel/bonobo |oaf gnomeprint
+|gal |x11-toolkits/gal |libglade
+|gconf |devel/gconf |oaf
+|gdkpixbuf |graphics/gdk-pixbuf |gtk12
+|glib12 |devel/glib12 |pkgconfig
+|gnomecanvas |graphics/gnomecanvas |gnomelibs gdkpixbuf
+|gnomedb |databases/gnome-db |libgda
+|gnomelibs |x11/gnome-libs |esound imlib libxml orbit
+|gnomeprint |print/gnome-print |gnomelibs gnomecanvas
+|gnomevfs |devel/gnome-vfs1 |gnomemimedata gconf gnomelibs
+|gtk12 |x11-toolkits/gtk12 |glib12
+|imlib |graphics/imlib |gtk12
+|libgda |databases/libgda |gconf bonobo
+|libghttp |www/libghttp |
+|libglade |devel/libglade |gnomedb
+|libxml |textproc/libxml |glib12
+|oaf |devel/oaf |orbit libxml
+|orbit |devel/ORBit |glib12
+|pygtk |x11-toolkits/py-gtk |gnomelibs gdkpixbuf libglade
+|===
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ²Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ из link:../../../ports/gnome.html[Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]. Đº Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-gnome].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/knownissues.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/knownissues.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92b89805ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/knownissues.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ˜Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� GNOME Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: gnome
+--- 
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ˜Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� GNOME Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD
+
+Далее Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� http://www.gnome.org/start/{gnomever}/notes/[Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] GNOME {gnomever}, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘Đ½ http://www.gnome.org/start/{gnomever}/notes/rnknownissues.html[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº] Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼, Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ….
+
+== 1. Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� GNOME 2.2 Đ´Đ¾ {gnomever} Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ http://www.freebsd.org/gnome/docs/faq2/#q5[ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼] Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ GNOME {gnomever}. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸. Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ `pkgdb -F` Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ĐºĐ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ» Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ `-l` ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ `portupgrade`). *Đ—Đ°Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ* и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ» Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org.
+
+== 2. Đ’ evolution еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ²Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}
+
+Đ’ evolution-1.4.4 Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ� Đ²Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� GNOME {gnomever}. ДлÑ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ root:
+
+....
+# ln -s /usr/X11R6/share/icons/gnome/48x48/apps/gnome-unknown.png /usr/X11R6/share/gnome/pixmaps/gnome-unknown.png
+....
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² evolution-1.4.5, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾ evolution-1.4.5, Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼.
+
+== 3. gstreamer Đ¿Đ»Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ³Ñ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ� rhythmbox
+
+gstreamer-0.6.3 Đ¿Đ»Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� rhythmbox. Đ ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ rhythmbox Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ `-DWITH_XINE`. (*Đ�Đ‘Đ�Đ�ВЛЕĐ�Đ˜Đ•:* Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� gstreamer-plugins-0.6.3_1, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ°.)
+
+== 4. Đ—Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº GDM Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾
+
+GDM Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ² 5.1-RELEASE или Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Ñ…. Đ’Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ GDM Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ `/usr/X11R6/etc/gdm/factory-gdm.conf` Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ… `/usr/X11R6/etc/gdm/gdm.conf`. Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ GNOME 2.2 Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚. ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ 5.1-RELEASE и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `pkg-message`, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼/Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ GDM2, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ OpenPAM Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� GDM2.
+
+== 5. Đ�е ÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ gnomemeeting
+
+Gnomemeeting Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, еÑ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ ffmepg. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đº, ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ffmpeg, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ gnomemeeting, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ffmpeg, еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/porting.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/porting.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..886dd78acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/porting.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚
+
+Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� GNOME Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ и Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² link:{porters-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD].
+
+== ĐœĐ°ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ GNOME Đ´Đ»Ñ� Makefile
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� GNOME Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ *USE_GNOME*. ДлÑ� ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ GNOME Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ». Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€:
+
+....
+USE_X_PREFIX=   yes
+USE_GNOME=  gnomeprefix gnomehack libgnomeui
+....
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ *USE_GNOME* делÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸:
+
+* link:../gnome2_porting[Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 2]
+* link:../gnome_porting[Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 1]
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸ *GTK2*, Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹:
+
+....
+USE_X_PREFIX=   yes
+USE_GNOME=  gtk20
+....
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸ *GTK1*, Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹:
+
+....
+USE_X_PREFIX=   yes
+USE_GNOME=  gtk12
+....
+
+Даже еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸ GTK, Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ *USE_GNOME* Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ�е Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹.
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹, Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚, Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ `make package-depends`, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ из ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°.
+
+Đ’ Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ³Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ· Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ `make configure`. Đ’ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° `checking for...` Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹:
+
+....
+checking for    libgnomeui-2.0 >= 2.0.0     cspi-1.0 >= 1.1.7
+libspi-1.0 >= 1.1.7     libbonobo-2.0 >= 2.0.0  atk >= 1.0.0
+gtk+-2.0 >= 2.0.0   gail    libwnck-1.0     esound... yes
+....
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ¸ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ *USE_GNOME*; Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� из Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ¸Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ² *USE_GNOME*. Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ `USE_GNOME= libgnomeui` Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ `libbonoboui`, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� `libgnomecanvas`, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� `libglade2`, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ `gtk20`. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼, даже еÑ�ли `gtk+-2.0` Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², `gtk20` Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ из Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° *USE_GNOME*. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ² Đ¸Đ·Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°.
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ (Đ²Đ·Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ из `sysutils/gok`), Đ² `Makefile` Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
+
+....
+USE_GNOME=  gnomehack gnomeprefix libgnomeui atspi libwnck
+....
+
+== Đ�Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ° GNOME 1 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ² Đ�Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ GNOME 2
+
+Đ˜Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ `GNOME 1`. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ° `GNOME 2`, Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� `GNOME 1` Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐµ `GNOME 2`, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ `GNOME 1` Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+Đ�Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ° `GNOME 1` и Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐµ `GNOME 2`, Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ из Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+ДлÑ� Đ²Đ°Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� `GNOME 1`, Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ GNOME иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ *GNOME_DESKTOP_VERSION*. Đ—Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ `"1"` или `"2"`, Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° ли Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ `GNOME 1` или `GNOME 2`.
+
+== Đ�Đ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ GNOME
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ GNOME, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ `WANT_GNOME= yes` Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ Makefile, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ° ли Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� `HAVE_GNOME` Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° из Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚. Đ¢Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ `bsd.port.pre.mk` и `bsd.port.post.mk`. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€:
+
+....
+WANT_GNOME= yes
+
+.include <bsd.port.pre.mk>
+
+.if ${HAVE_GNOME:Mgnomepanel}!=""
+    USE_GNOME+= gnomeprefix gnomepanel
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --with-gnome
+    PKGNAMESUFFIX=  -gnome
+    PLIST_SUB=  DATADIR="share/gnome"
+.else
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --without-gnome
+    PLIST_SUB=  DATADIR="share"
+.endif
+
+.include <bsd.port.post.mk>
+....
+
+ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ `WANT_GNOME` ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºÑƒ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ GNOME, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ. ДлÑ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº `HAVE_GNOME`. Đ¢Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ `gnomepanel`, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� `HAVE_GNOME` Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ½ĐµÑ‘ `gnomepanel` (Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ�иÑ�е make-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ :M`pattern`, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+4.6-stable&format=html[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¾ make(1)]). Đ•Ñ�ли Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ `gnomepanel`, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ `USE_GNOME`, и Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° `--with-gnome` `CONFIGURE_ARG`. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ GNOME Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� `PKGNAMESUFFIX` Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ� `USE_*`. Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐºÑƒ, Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚. Đ’ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đµ Đº ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� `-gnome` Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ GNOME. Đ¢Đ¾ же Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ и Đ´Đ»Ñ� `DATADIR` `PLIST_SUB`. Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºÑƒ `DATADIR`. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ `DATADIR` `PLIST_SUB` Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° `gnomeprefix`.
+
+*Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* Đ’Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ `USE_GNOME`, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле `.include <bsd.port.pre.mk>`. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ *Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼*:
+
+....
+.include <bsd.port.pre.mk>
+
+.if ${HAVE_GNOME:Mgnomelibs}!=""
+    USE_GNOME+= libgnome
+.else
+    USE_GNOME+= gtk12  # Đ�Đ¨Đ˜Đ‘Đ�Đ�!
+.endif
+....
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ GNOME, и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° `pkg-plist` Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‘Đ½ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đº Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ `USE_GNOME`, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ *Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´* Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ` .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>`.
+
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±ĐµĐ·ÑƒÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ GNOME, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ `WITH_GNOME= yes` Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `/etc/make.conf` или Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ make. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐµ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ GNOME Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚ GNOME, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ `WITHOUT_GNOME= yes` Đ² `/etc/make.conf` или ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ make.
+
+Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ USE_GNOME Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ² Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ `${PORTSDIR}/Mk/bsd.gnome.mk`.
+
+== Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° OMF
+
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME (Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� GNOME 2) уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Open Source Metadata Framework (OMF), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ OMF-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· ScrollKeeper Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Đº Yelp Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�. ДлÑ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² OMF Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `pkg-plist` Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� _ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾_ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° OMF.
+
+....
+@exec scrollkeeper-install -q \
+    %D/path/to/help_file.omf \
+    2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/true
+@unexec scrollkeeper-uninstall -q \
+    %D/path/to/help_file.omf \
+    2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/true
+....
+
+Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ:
+
+....
+@exec scrollkeeper-install -q \
+    %D/share/gnome/bug-buddy/bug-buddy-C.omf \
+    2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/true
+@unexec scrollkeeper-uninstall -q \
+    %D/share/gnome/bug-buddy/bug-buddy-C.omf \
+    2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/true
+....
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� libtool
+
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, еÑ�ли Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�е, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ GNU libtool. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ GNU configure. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ `USE_LIBTOOL= yes` Đº Makefile Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ libtool, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ°Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² .la. ДлÑ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ Đ² Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚ `configure` Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ `LIBTOOL_DEPS="$ac_aux_dir/ltmain.sh"`:
+
+....
+$ac_aux_dir/ltconfig $LIBTOOL_DEPS
+....
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºÑƒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² .la и Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Ñƒ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ° `${PTHREAD_LIBS}` ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºÑƒ.
+
+== ДиÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² GNOME 2 Đ¾Ñ‚ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² GNOME 1 и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° Ñ� диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 1, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Ñ� `${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}`, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ‘Đ¼ Makefile:
+
+....
+DIST_SUBDIR=    gnome
+....
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ GNOME 2, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Ñ� `${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}`, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ‘Đ¼ Makefile:
+
+....
+DIST_SUBDIR=    gnome2
+....
+
+Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ GNOME Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ tar gzip, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и tar bzip2. ДлÑ� Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Đ¸ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐµ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�зи Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ bzip2 Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, Đ³Đ´Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾. ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ Đ² Makefile Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°:
+
+....
+USE_BZIP2=  yes
+....
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ²Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ из link:/ports/gnome.html[Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]. Đ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ и mailto:freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-gnome].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/volunteer.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/volunteer.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cddff321a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/docs/volunteer.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ�Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ
+
+Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° GNOME Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°. Đ’Ñ‹Đ±ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼, и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+* Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… link:../../../ports/gnome.html[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²] и link:../bugging[Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…].
+* Đ ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° GNOME из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ или Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ GNOME, ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ½Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, и Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Ñ….
+* link:{handbook}#ERESOURCES-SUBSCRIBE[ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°] Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-gnome и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹.
+* Đ˜Đ·Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ из Đ±Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� GNOME, и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ GNOME, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ° link:../[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°] FreeBSD GNOME и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-gnome@FreeBSD.org.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/gnome/screenshots.adoc b/website/content/ru/gnome/screenshots.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6e20e8437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/gnome/screenshots.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²"
+sidenav: gnome
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD GNOME: Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²
+
+Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² GNOME, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ©Ñ‘Đ»ĐºĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¸ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+== Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ² GNOME 2.4
+
+*Đ”Đ²Đ¾Đ¹Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ 2048x768, Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€ Epiphany и Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Themus и CD-Burner Nautilus:* +
+link:../../gifs/gnome/ss11.png[image:../../gifs/gnome/ss11-tn.png[Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đº Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° 11,title="Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đº Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° 11"]]
+
+*Opera, GVim Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ GTK+-2, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ GDesklets, и Đ²Ñ�е Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ crystal icon:* +
+link:../../../gifs/gnome/ss12.png[image:../../../gifs/gnome/ss12-tn.png[Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đº Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° 12,title="Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đº Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° 12"]]
+
+*Xchat, Xmms, StickyNotes и GKrellM Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Koynacity-Blue, Aquativo 1.5 GTK и Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Flat blue icon:* +
+link:../../../gifs/gnome/ss13.png[image:../../../gifs/gnome/ss13-tn.png[Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đº Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° 13,title="Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đº Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° 13"]]
+
+== Đ¡Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ² GNOME 2.5
+
+*Galeon, RhythmBox, gpdf, Streamtuner и Evolution 1.5, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½ Ion. Đ’Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… GTK+-2 иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° http://themes.freshmeat.net/projects/6nome/[6nome]:* +
+link:../../../gifs/gnome/ss14.png[image:../../../gifs/gnome/ss14-tn.png[Đ¡ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ½ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚ 14,title="Đ¡ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ½ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚ 14"]]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ef814e313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Internal"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= FreeBSD Internal
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, еÑ�ли Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+
+== *ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹*
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD, Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ link:../projects/[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸]. Đ˜Ñ… Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ… Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ….
+
+link:{releng}[Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚] Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+Đ’ [Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+Đ�Đ° link:{releng}[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ] Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+== *ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹*
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ·Đ±ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ…Đ°Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ, Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ link:../policies/[Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹].
+
+== *Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸*
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из FreeBSD Core Team и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²; Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ link:{contributors}[Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD] Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ° Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚.
+
+Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ http://www.FreeBSD.org/internal/homepage.html[Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸], Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ people.FreeBSD.org, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:../photos[Ñ„Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡].
+
+== *РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹*
+
+link:../developer/[ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ] Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD.org, link:../machines/[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°] Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ и Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹.
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, у ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Rtp.FreeBSD.org, link:../rtp/[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°] Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ и Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡, Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹.
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ link:../about/[Đ¾ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ FreeBSD] (ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° link:../statistic/[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD] (Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°, Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đº FTP, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²).
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/about.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/about.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df843a19e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/about.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+title: "Đ� WWW-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ� WWW-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ FreeBSD
+
+== ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°
+
+[.right]
+image:../../../gifs/powerlogo.gif[Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ FreeBSD]
+
+ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° `www.FreeBSD.org`, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ� Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Pentium III 600MHz, 1024 Đ¼ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾ 70 Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� `hub.FreeBSD.org`, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ� Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Pentium III 600MHz, 1024 Đ¼ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾ 16 Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°. Đ’Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� `mx1.FreeBSD.org`, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Pentium III 800MHz Ñ� 512 Đ¼ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и 30-Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼. Đ˜Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· `mx2.FreeBSD.org`, Pentium III 850MHz Ñ� 512 Đ¼ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и 18-Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼.
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ http://www.bsdi.com/[BSDi], http://www.yahoo.com/[Yahoo!] и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ link:../../donations/donors[Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸] Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đµ FreeBSD.org Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ link:../machines[Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD.org].
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+[.right]
+image:../../../gifs/apachepower.gif[Đ�бÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Apache]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ и Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ http://www.apache.org/[http-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Apache]. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… CGI-Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ˜Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† и Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� freewais-sf, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ CNIDR freewais.
+
+ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐµĐ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ http://www.analog.cx/[Analog] иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� http://www.FreeBSD.org/statistic/www/[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸] Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ± Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°.
+
+== Đ¡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚
+
+[.right]
+image:../../../gifs/lynx.gif[ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Lynx]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¤Đ¸Đ±ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ (John Fieber) http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jfieber/[<jfieber@FreeBSD.org>] Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ и *Đ²Đ°Ñ�* Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ’ĐµĐ±Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� http://wolfram.schneider.org[<wosch@FreeBSD.org>]. Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ HTML 3.2 и Đ¸Ñ… Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€Đµ.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Đ¾ link:../../docproj/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
+
+== Веб-Đ´Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ½
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ½ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ» http://www.asis.com/~meganm/[ĐœĐµĐ³Đ°Đ½ ĐœĐ°ĐºĐ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ�Đº] (Megan McCormack)
+
+== link:{fdp-primer}#the-website-build[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† FreeBSD из Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° CVS Đ² Ñ€ÑƒÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ.
+
+== Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD
+
+Веб Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° `www.FreeBSD.org` Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ’Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� (UTC) |Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸
+|01:22 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ°
+|05:22 |Đ¢Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ English www
+|09:22 |Đ¢Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ English
+|13:22 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° без Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ PR и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
+|17:22 |Đ¢Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ English
+|21:22 |Đ¢Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ English www
+|===
+
+Đ ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ http://www.freebsd.org/build/index.cgi[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
+
+== Đ—ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ (и даже Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ) link:../mirror/[Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ] Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у www.FreeBSD.org.
+
+link:../statistic/#analog[Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾.
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/bylaws.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/bylaws.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..905da17b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/bylaws.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+title: "Đ ĐµĐ³Đ»Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Core"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= Đ ĐµĐ³Đ»Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Core
+
+Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ ĐµĐ³Đ»Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ ÑƒÑ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² 28 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2000 Đ³.
+
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD Đ½Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 12 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ² Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ°Đ´.
+* Core Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из 9 Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ².
+* Đ’Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Core Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ· Đ² 2 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°; Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Đµ 2000 Đ³.
+* Đ§Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Core или ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ 2/3 Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Core.
+* Đ’ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ, еÑ�ли Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ² Core Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ 7, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹.
+* Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� 1/3 Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ².
+* Đ’Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼:
+** Core Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¼.
+** 1 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², желаÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Core.
+** 4 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+** 1 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+** Đ›Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ€Đ°Đ·; Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ½ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€.
+** Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Core Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· 1 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+** Đ¡Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Core, Ñ‡ÑŒĐµ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾.
+* Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ (2/3 Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²) ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²; Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ² Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ 50% Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ².
+
+== Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Core Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Đ² ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 2022 Đ³. Đ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° ĐœĐ°Đ¹-Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2024 Đ³.
+
+== Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Core Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ² Đ ĐµĐ³Đ»Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°
+
+Đ’ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Core Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ ĐµĐ³Đ»Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¼.
+
+* *20020503* Đ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Đº Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· 2 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ¸Ñ….
+Đ˜Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· 2 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ….
+
+link:../developer/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD]
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+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+
+* Đ’Ñ�е Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�уÑ�Ñ‚ "yes" ("Đ·Đ°"), "no" ("Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²") или "no objection" ("Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�").
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ� 'Đ·Đ°'.
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ° 'Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²'.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ трёх Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº.
+* Đ“Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� 1 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ, еÑ�ли Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½.
+* Đ¡ĐµĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее.
+
+== Đ›Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²
+
+* Đ’Ñ�е Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�уÑ�Ñ‚ "yes" ("Đ·Đ°") или "no" ("Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²").
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ°Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ (2/3 * core-size) Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² "Đ·Đ°".
+* Đ”Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ (2/3 * core-size) Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº, Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ�.
+* Đ“Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� 1 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�, или Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ, еÑ�ли Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½.
+* Đ¡ĐµĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее.
+
+== Đ’Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ´Đ½Ñ�
+
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ�уÑ�Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ.
+* Đ’Ñ�е Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�уÑ�Ñ‚ "yes" ("Đ·Đ°") или "no" ("Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²").
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ (2/3 * core-size) Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² 'yes'.
+* Đ”Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ (2/3 * core-size) Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº, Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ�.
+* Đ“Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚ 1 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ, еÑ�ли Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½.
+* Đ¡ĐµĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее.
+
+== Đ�ĐµĐ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹
+
+* Đ›Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�у, Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¿Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ².
+* Đ•Ñ�ли Đ½Đ¸ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ² Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 48 Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆÑ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ (или Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ, еÑ�ли (2/3 * core-size) ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾).
+* Đ•Ñ�ли еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* Đ¡ĐµĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ OK Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°, еÑ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼.
+
+Đ›Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ¾Đº, еÑ�ли Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� 'Đ·Đ°', Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ°. Đ�Đ½ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¾Đ±Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 48 Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/developer.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/developer.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67ee97383b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/developer.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD
+
+== link:{committers-guide}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²]
+
+Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹. Đ’ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ link:{committers-guide}#cvs.operations[Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� CVS], link:{committers-guide}#gnats[Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº GNATS] и link:{committers-guide}#ssh.guide[Đ�Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ SSH].
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+== link:{fdp-primer}[Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ (ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ), Đ´Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+== link:{porters-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD]
+
+Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ² Ñ�ебÑ� link:{porters-handbook}#freebsd-versions[Đ¢Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ __FreeBSD_version].
+
+== link:{fdp-primer}#the-website-build[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† FreeBSD из Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° CVS Đ² Ñ€ÑƒÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ.
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD
+
+* link:../../docproj/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
+* link:../../releng/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~picobsd/[PicoBSD]
+* link:../../platforms/alpha[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/Alpha]
+* link:../../platforms/ia64/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/IA-64]
+* link:../../platforms/ppc[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/PPC]
+* link:../../platforms/sparc[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/SPARC]
+* http://www.TrustedBSD.org/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ TrustedBSD]
+* link:../../projects/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD]
+
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+* link:../../developers/cvs[CVS Repository]
+* link:../../support/#gnats[Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…]
+* link:../../security/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD]
+* link:../../copyright/[Copyright]
+* http://wikitest.FreeBSD.org[FreeBSD Wiki (Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�Đ½Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ¾Đ¿ĐµĐ´Đ¸Ñ�)]
+* http://perforce.FreeBSD.org[Đ ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹ Perforce Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ²]
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/doceng.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/doceng.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9f198d86f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/doceng.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ FreeBSD Doceng Team"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ FreeBSD Doceng Team
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° doceng@ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�:
+
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ doc/, www/, Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼ и Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Đ¼.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Documentation Project.
+* Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ doc/ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đº Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ doc/ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€.
+* Đ�беÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… PDF, HTML и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее) Đ½Đ° Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ и FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ CVS. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�).
+* Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đº MAINTAINER (Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹) или Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (DocBook, groff и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее).
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²ÑŒĐµĐ² doc/ и www/ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ˜Đ·-Đ·Đ° Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑˆĐ½ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ, doceng@ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ´Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ (или иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°) Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đº, Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° или ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ледÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD.
+
+Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ€ĐºĐ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ doceng@ *Đ½Đµ* Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ»Đ¸ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸ FreeBSD Documentation Project. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ и Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-doc.
+
+== Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²
+
+Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Nik Clayton, Ruslan Ermilov, Marc Fonvieille, Hiroki Sato и Murray Stokely. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² из Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ°.
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ doceng@ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 1 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸. Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼, еÑ�ли Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ 1 ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸Đº doceng@ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾, и Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº из Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ doceng@ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ². core@ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (CC) Đ´Đ»Ñ� admins@ Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ ÑƒÑ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и.
+
+== Đ�ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+
+Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° doceng@ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 12 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ² Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹); еÑ�ли Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 1 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� из Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ² Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ°, Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° doceng@ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ… Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ core@.
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+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°
+
+== Đ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ¡Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�, и Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°. Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Đ²Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ без Ñ�Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°. Đ’ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и. ĐŸĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼, FreeBSD Core ÑƒÑ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶ĐµÑ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° (Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD 22 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2002 Đ³.)
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, Đ½Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 18 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ², Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� из Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, желаÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ¼. Đ’ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ°.
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/fortunes.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Internal"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Fortune
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°
+
+ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´Đµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» fortune, Đ²Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ "Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¾" Usenet:
+
+"Đ‘ÑƒĐ´ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹ Đº Ñ‡ÑƒĐ¶Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ же Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…".
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Ñƒ-Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºÑƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đº, ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ - Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ offensive.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹:
+
+* Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ или Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+* Đ‘Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ…ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° или Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� "Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ·Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Ñ‹Ñ…".
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¾, Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� "Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸":
+
+* Đ¦Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ из Đ“Đ¸Ñ‚Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ°.
+* Đ¨ÑƒÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ emacs/vi или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¼ĐµÑˆĐ½Ñ‹ и Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� "Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ°ĐµĐ·Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¸".
+
+Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đº fortune, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹ Đº (Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼) Đ²Đ¾Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼, и Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Ñ… из Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¸ HEAD (MFC).
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đº ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ĐºĐ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¼.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/machines.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/machines.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44c9b901b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/machines.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD.org"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD.org
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD.org, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ и Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹.
+
+Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ SSH и Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đµ FreeBSD.org Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/internal/ssh-keys.asc[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ].
+
+== Đ’Ñ�е Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñƒ FreeBSD.org
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ |Đ�Đ¡ |Đ�Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ’Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ† (Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†Ñ‹)
+|beast |5-STABLE |ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Alpha Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD/alpha |obrien/peter
+|builder |6-STABLE |Đ¥Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² BSD/OS +
+ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° FTP |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|freefall |6-STABLE |GNATS/shell |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|ftp-master |4-STABLE |Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ ftp (Đ²Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€) |peter/kuriyama/obrien/steve
+|gohan10-17 |6-STABLE/7-CURRENT |Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² |ports team
+|gohan20-39 |6-STABLE/7-CURRENT |Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² |ports team
+|hub |4-STABLE |Đ¡Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ |postmaster
+|mx1 |4-STABLE |Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ |dhw/peter
+|mx2 |4-STABLE |Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ |dhw/peter
+|ncvsup (cvsup10) |6-STABLE |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đµ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¾ CVSup |kuriyama
+|ns0 |4-STABLE |Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ DNS |dg/ps/peter
+|panther |-CURRENT |Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ sparc64 |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|pluto1 |-CURRENT |Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ ia64 |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|pluto2 |6-STABLE |Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ ia64 |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|pointyhat |-CURRENT |Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ |ports team
+|ref4 |4-STABLE |Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ 4-stable |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|ref5 |5-CURRENT |Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² 5-current |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|repoman |4-STABLE |Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹ CVS |peter
+|sledge |-CURRENT |Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ amd64 |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|spit (cvsup-master) |6-STABLE |Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¾ CVSup |kuriyama
+|www |4-STABLE |Веб-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ |webmaster
+|===
+
+== Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ |Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°
+|beast |API UP2000 |2 x 833MHz Alpha 21264 (8MB ĐºÑ�ÑˆĐ° 2 ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ�), Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 2GB, Adaptec 2940U2W SCSI, 2 диÑ�ĐºĐ° SCSI U160, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ 3COM 3c905B.
+|builder |Intel x86 |Pentium III 800ĐœĐ“Ñ†, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 512ĐœĐ‘, диÑ�Đº 40GB Seagate ATA, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|freefall |Intel x86 |Pentium III 800ĐœĐ“Ñ†, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 1024ĐœĐ‘, диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Mylex DAC960 PCI SCSI RAID, диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ 5x18GB SCSI U2W, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|gohan10-17 |Intel x86 |800MHz Pentium III, 512MB mem, диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Intel ICH ATA66, диÑ�Đº 1x30GB ATA66, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|gohan20-39 | |
+|hub |Intel x86 MP |2 x 600MHz Pentium III, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 1GB, диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Mylex DAC960 PCI SCSI RAID, диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ 3x9GB SCSI WIDE, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|mx2 |Intel x86 |Pentium III 850ĐœĐ“Ñ† FC-PGA, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 512ĐœĐ‘, LSI 53C1010 U160 SCSI, диÑ�Đº 1x18GB 10K RPM U160 SCSI, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|panther |Sun OEM ATX Panther board |300 MHz UltraSparc-IIi, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 512MB, диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ 2x9GB 10K RPM Ultra2 SCSI, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Sun HME 10/100B.
+|pluto1, pluto2 |HP rx2600 (IA-64) |2x900MHz Itanium2 (McKinley) - HP zx1 (pluto) chipset, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 2048MB (иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� 1024MB), диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ LSILogic 1030 U320 SCSI (mpt), диÑ�Đº 1x36GB 10K RPM U160 SCSI, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Broadcom BCM5701 10/100/1000.
+|pointyhat |Intel x86 MP |2x1266MHz Pentium III, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 2048ĐœĐ‘, диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ 3ware 4-port IDE (twe), диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ 4x160GB UltraATA Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ RAID 1+0.
+|ref4 |Intel x86 |Celeron 500ĐœĐ“Ñ† FC-PGA, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 512ĐœĐ‘, диÑ�Đº 1x30Đ“Đ‘ IDE, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|ref5 |Intel x86 |Celeron 500ĐœĐ“Ñ† FC-PGA, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 512ĐœĐ‘, диÑ�Đº 1x20Đ“Đ‘ IDE, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|sledge |Rioworks HDAMA (AMD64) |2x1.8GHz Opteron 244 - AMD 8111/8131 chipset, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 8192MB, диÑ�Đº 1x40GB Seagate ST340014A IDE, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Broadcom BCM5703 10/100/1000.
+|===
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ 100ĐœĐ±Đ¸Ñ‚/Ñ� (Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´ÑƒĐ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ�) Đº Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñƒ Cisco 2948G Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚ и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ http://www.yahoo.com/[Yahoo!]. Đ’Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ и ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼.
+
+== Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ�Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ |Đ�Đ¡ |Đ�Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ’Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ† (Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†Ñ‹)
+|dalki, dosirak, haessal |5-CURRENT |Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² |ports team
+|===
+
+== Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ |Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°
+|dalki, haessal |Intel x86 |2x2.20GHz Pentium 4 Xeon, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 2GB, диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Adaptec aic7899 Ultra160 SCSI, диÑ�Đº 1x36GB SCSI-3, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ 2xIntel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|dosirak |Intel x86 |2x2.20GHz Pentium 4 Xeon, Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 4GB, диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Adaptec aic7899 Ultra160 SCSI, диÑ�Đº 1x36GB SCSI-3, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ 2xIntel EtherExpress Pro 10/100B.
+|===
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ 100ĐœĐ±Đ¸Ñ‚/Ñ� (Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´ÑƒĐ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ�) Đº Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñƒ Cisco 2950G Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ·ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚ и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ http://kr.yahoo.com/[Yahoo! Korea] и http://www.kidc.net/[KIDC]. Đ¡Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ http://www.eslim.co.kr/[eSlim Korea].
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�уÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ "Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐµÑ‚" ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ-Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² бÑ�Đ´Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ или Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ.
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ бÑ�Đ´Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², admin@FreeBSD.org, и Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ или Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹. Đ‘Ñ�Đ´Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ½Đµ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ, еÑ�ли Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ‘Ñ�Đ´Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸ "ĐºÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾" Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° и Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ…. ĐŸÑ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸. Đ¡Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ±Đ¾.
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/mirror.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/mirror.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7c1ec7d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/mirror.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+title: "Đ—ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ—ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ (и даже Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ) Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD `www.FreeBSD.org`. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñƒ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� _cvsup_. link:{handbook}#INSTALL[CVSup] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸.
+
+== Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° CVSup
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ CVSup из иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´
+
+....
+ # cd /usr/ports/net/cvsup-without-gui
+ # make all install clean
+....
+
+Đ’Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼, Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ из link:{handbook}#packages-using[Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ²]. Đ—Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đµ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°.
+
+== Đ—Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº CVSup
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ `/usr/FreeBSD-mirror`, Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ `fred', Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑƒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� `fred':
+
+....
+     $ cvsup supfile-www
+....
+
+Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ» `supfile-www` Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚:
+
+....
+       *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org
+       *default prefix=/usr/FreeBSD-mirror
+       *default base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup
+       www release=current delete use-rel-suffix compress
+....
+
+ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² `/usr/FreeBSD-mirror`. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�ту ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ Đ² crontab Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� fred, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾. Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ www.FreeBSD.org Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ² 4:30am Đ¿Đ¾ Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸.
+
+== Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ CVSup
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ link:{handbook}#CVSUP[Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² CVSup] Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ.
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/new-account.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/new-account.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d50dc4feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/new-account.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐµĐ¹"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐµĐ¹
+
+== Đ’Ñ‹Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ’Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹:
+
+* Đ˜Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� _Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ°_, и ее Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ де-Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ»ĐµÑ‚.
+* Đ˜Đ¼Ñ� (ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ) ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°, Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°.
+* Đ�Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° (ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚!)
+
+Đ—Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚, Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Đ¼, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đº, Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾ и Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹.
+
+Đ�Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ»Đ¸Ñ† Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�:
+
+* src -> core@
+* doc -> doceng@
+* ports -> portmgr@
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ’Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ°; Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ core@ или doceng@ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ <= 7 Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹. Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ portmgr@ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ 14 Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñƒ и Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ, еÑ�ли Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾.
+
+== Đ�Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°
+
+ДлÑ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ из Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ° admins@FreeBSD.org, core@FreeBSD.org и Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ PGP Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°. ĐŸĐ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ту Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ PGP Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²:
+
+* core-secretary
+* portmgr-secretary
+* doceng
+
+_Đ’Đ�Đ˜ĐœĐ�Đ�Đ˜Đ•: Đ—Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½, или Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ PGP-ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ (или Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ), Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Без иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹. Đ—Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² или Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ (CC:) Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (core@)._
+
+== Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°
+
+ĐœĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� admins@FreeBSD.org Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�:
+
+* Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� `master.passwd`, Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�, Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ и Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� (GECOS); Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đµ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾
+* Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ»Ñ�ч Đ´Đ»Ñ� ssh V2 (*Đ¢Đ�ЛЬĐ�Đ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии 2*)
+
+ĐœĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ее Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ admins@ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� PGP-ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½, Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ», Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ½ĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ freefall, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° Đ½Đ° admins@freebsd.org. Đ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ² Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°, Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºÑƒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒÑ�, ее Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€.
+
+== admins@FreeBSD.org Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ
+
+Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ из Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ admins@FreeBSD.org Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ… ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD.org Đ½Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°.
+
+== ĐœĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¸.
+
+== Đ—Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼
+
+ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Ñ„Đ¸ĐºÑ�Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� жеÑ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đº "Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñƒ", Đ¾Đ½ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², делаÑ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `access` Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ¼.
+
+== ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° Đ¾Đ¿ĐµĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñƒ
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ ÑƒÑ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� без Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹. Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `access`.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/photos.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/photos.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8be909d937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/photos.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ°Đ»ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+= Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ°Đ»ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�
+
+== USENIX 2004, Boston, Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2004
+
+http://apollo.backplane.com/USENIX2004/[Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸] Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ mailto:dillon@backplane.com[Matt Dillon].
+
+== 20th Chaos Communication Congress, Berlin, Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2003
+
+http://gallery.daemon.li/20c3/[Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» mailto:josef@FreeBSD.org[Josef].
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ 10 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹ FreeBSD, San Francisco, Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2003
+
+http://apollo.backplane.com/pics.bsdparty/[Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾], Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ mailto:dillon@backplane.com[Matt Dillon].
+
+== BSDCon 2003, San Mateo, Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2003
+
+http://apollo.backplane.com/BSDCON2003/[Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸] Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ mailto:dillon@backplane.com[Matt Dillon].
+
+== LinuxTag 2003, Karlsruhe, Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 2003
+
+http://gallery.daemon.li/linuxtag/[Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸] Ñ� Linuxtag Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» mailto:josef@FreeBSD.org[Josef].
+
+== BSDCon Europe 2002, Amsterdam, Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2002
+
+http://people.FreeBSD.org/~wilko/EuroBSDcon2002/[Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾] Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ mailto:wilko@FreeBSD.org[Wilko].
+
+== USENIX 2002, Monterey, Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2002
+
+http://apollo.backplane.com/USENIX2002/[Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸], Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ mailto:dillon@backplane.com[Matt Dillon].
+
+== BSDCon Europe 2001, Brighton, Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001
+
+http://2001.eurobsdcon.org/pictures/[Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾]
+
+== BSDCon 2000, ĐœĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹, Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�делал http://people.FreeBSD.org/~will/bsdcon/[Will]
+
+== http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jkh/lw2000/[LinuxWorld 2000, Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 2000]
+
+Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�делал mailto:jkh@FreeBSD.org[jkh].
+
+== http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/gif/berlin-1999-10-09/[Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ° BSD Đ² Đ‘ĐµÑ€Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đµ, Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999]
+
+== http://people.FreeBSD.org/~nik/Oxford/index.html[Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ° FreeBSD Đ² Đ�ĐºÑ�Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đµ (Đ’ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�), Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998]
+
+Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ и Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» mailto:nik@FreeBSD.org[Đ�Đ¸Đº]. Đ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°Ñ€Đ´Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ (Paul Richards).
+
+== Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ° FreeBSD Đ² Đ“Đ¾Đ»Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ¸, Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+Đ¤Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jkh/holland/[Jordan] и http://www.tcja.nl/hackersparty/[Wilko]
+
+== http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/gif/hamburg-1998-06-20/index.html[BSD Social Event Đ“Đ°Đ¼Đ±ÑƒÑ€Đ³, Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 1998]
+
+Aled Morris, Andre Oppermann, Andreas Klemm, Andrew Gordon, Christoph Badura, Dirk Meyer, Frank Nobis, Harald Klatte, Joerg Wunsch, Jonathan Laventhol, Lars Gerhard Kuehl, Martin Cracauer, Stefan Bethke, Stefan Esser, Stefan Huerter, Stefan Zehl, Stephan Forth, Thomas Gellekum
+
+== http://www.lemis.com/grog/auug98.html[ВеÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� AUUG, Đ¡Đ¸Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹, Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998]
+
+Richard Stallman, Peter Wemm, Mark White, Andrew McRae, Greg Rose, many unidentified.
+
+== http://people.FreeBSD.org/~grog/usenix.html[USENIX Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ° 1998, Đ�ÑŒÑ�-Đ�Ñ€Đ»ĐµĐ°Đ½]
+
+Branson, David Greenman, David O'Brien, Greg Lehey, Guido van Rooij, John Polstra, Jonathan Bresler, Jordan Hubbard, Justin Gibbs, Luigi Rizzo, Mark Murray, Mike Smith, Monique van Rooij, Ollivier Robert, Philippe Regnauld, Poul-Henning Kamp, Sharon, Steve Mann
+
+== http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/gif/aachen-19950902/[FreeBSD Social Event Aachen, 1995]
+
+Aled Morris, Christoph Kukulies, Guido van Rooij, Jonathan Leventhol, JĐ–rg Wunsch, Martin Welk, Michael Reifenberger, Patrick Hausen, Paul Richard, Paul Richards, Poul-Henning Kamp, Renщ de Vries, Stefan Esser, Ulf Kieber, Wilko Bulte
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/policies.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/policies.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ace33b495f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/policies.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Đ�Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ�Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD
+
+== link:{committers-guide}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²]
+
+Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹. Đ’ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ link:{committers-guide}#conventions[Đ¡Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸], link:{committers-guide}#developer.relations[Đ’Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²] и link:{committers-guide}#rules[Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD].
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+== *Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹*
+
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€, ĐºĐ°Đº link:../new-account/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐµĐ¹], link:../expire-bits/[ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²], link:../bylaws/[Đ ĐµĐ³Đ»Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Core], link:../core-vote/[Đ ĐµĐ³Đ»Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²], link:../fortunes/[ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Fortune], и link:{pr-guidelines}[Đ�Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…].
+
+== link:{fdp-primer}[Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ (ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ), Đ´Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+== link:{porters-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD]
+
+Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹.
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/releng.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/releng.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86db8dd333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/releng.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD
+
+== Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ°!
+
+Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ°.
+
+Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½ и Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ link:{releng}[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/rtp.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/rtp.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..453bb20425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/rtp.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Rtp.FreeBSD.org"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Rtp.FreeBSD.org
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Rtp.FreeBSD.org Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD.
+
+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ SSH-ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ Rtp.FreeBSD.org Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² http://people.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/rtp/ssh-keys.asc[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ].
+
+== Đ’Ñ�е Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đµ Rtp.FreeBSD.org
+
+Đ’Đ¾ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ… Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ |Đ�Đ¡ |Đ�Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ’Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ† (Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†Ñ‹)
+|Triangle |4-STABLE |Admin/Email/Web/Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² releng4 |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|8ball |5-CURRENT |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ports/INDEX |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|9ball |CURRENT |Ñ€ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� ISO Ñ� -CURRENT Đ½Đ° releng4.FreeBSD.org |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|Cueball |CURRENT |Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|Stanley |CURRENT |Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ generic/amd64 |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|Shark |CURRENT |Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ° |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|===
+
+Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñƒ из Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ |Đ�Đ¡ |Đ�Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ’Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ† (Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†Ñ‹)
+|bankshot |CURRENT |Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ |ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+|===
+
+== Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ |Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |Đ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+|Triangle |AMD Athlon |MP 2200+, 2 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ�Đ—Đ£, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.triangle[dmesg.boot]
+|8ball |AMD Athlon |MP 1900+, 2 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ�Đ—Đ£, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.8ball[dmesg.boot]
+|9ball |Intel x86 |P4 Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ HT 2.8GHz, 1 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ�Đ—Đ£, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.9ball[dmesg.boot]
+|cueball |Intel x86 |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Xeon Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ HT 2.8GHz, 3 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ�Đ—Đ£, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.cueball[dmesg.boot]
+|Stanley |AMD64 |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Opteron 240, 6 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ�Đ—Đ£, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.stanley[dmesg.boot]
+|bankshot |Intel x86 |Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Xeon Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ HT 2.8GHz, 4 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ�Đ—Đ£, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.bankshot[dmesg.boot]
+|Shark |AMD64 |AMD FX-53, 2 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ�Đ—Đ£, http://rtp.FreeBSD.org/~jwd/dmesg/dmesg.shark[dmesg.boot]
+|===
+
+Đ”Đ¾Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸, Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ² /home, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ NFS/RAID5. Đ�аждаÑ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ccd, Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº /vol/vol0 и Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºÑƒ /users. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ�Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� 100 ĐœĐ±Đ¸Ñ‚/Ñ�. Đ�Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ и Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ� и Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ bankshot.rtp Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¿Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Ñ‘Đ´Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ².
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� admins AT Rtp.FreeBSD.org.
+
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ÑƒÑ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đµ Đº ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñƒ FreeBSD.org и Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internal/statistic.adoc b/website/content/ru/internal/statistic.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8ce5ae4c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internal/statistic.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Statistics"
+sidenav: docs
+--- 
+
+= FreeBSD Statistics
+
+== Веб-Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ°
+
+[[analog]]
+=== Analog
+
+http://www.FreeBSD.org/statistic/www.html[Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ² http://www.analog.cx/[Analog].
+
+[[releasestatistic]]
+== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD
+
+Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ· Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.FreeBSD.org/statistic/release_usage/images/.
+
+== Đ¢Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đº FTP Ñ� ftp.FreeBSD.org
+
+ĐœÑ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ http://www.terasolutions.com/pr0929.html[TeraSolutions и Lightning Internet Services] 29 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000, Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 2Đ¢Đ‘. +
+ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ´ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� wcarchive 23 ĐœĐ°Ñ� 1999, и Đ¾Đ½ Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ½ 1.39Đ¢Đ‘.
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/internet.adoc b/website/content/ru/internet.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06c984cbfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/internet.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+title: "Đ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ FreeBSD Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ…"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ FreeBSD Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ…
+
+== FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Internet
+
+Đ’ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºÑƒ FreeBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² TCP/IP Đ¾Ñ‚ 4.4BSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ _Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹_ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� TCP/IP, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Internet.
+
+== FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñ‹ TCP/IP.
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ UNIX(R), Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Đ°Đ¼
+
+* Đ�Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� NFS
+* Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� NIS
+* Đ�Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ диÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ
+* Đ�Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ диÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ SNMP
+* ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñƒ FTP
+* Đ�Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñƒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ Internet Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� DNS/BIND
+* ĐœĐ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñ‹ PPP и SLIP
+* Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ (MBONE)
+
+Đ¡ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ PC Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ World Wide Web или Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Usenet. Đ¡ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� SAMBA Đ²Ñ‹ даже Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ или Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Win95 и NT и, Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ°ÑƒÑ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ° PCNFS, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ PC/NFS. FreeBSD Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ… Appletalk и Novell ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° (Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� http://www.netcon.com/[Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]), Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ее Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� "Intranet".
+
+FreeBSD Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ° TCP, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/rfc/rfc1323.html[RFC-1323], и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ·Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/rfc/rfc1644.html[RFC-1644], Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñ‹ SLIP и dial-on-demand PPP. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸.
+
+== Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Internet, Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐµ, Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD. Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… FreeBSD Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ:
+
+* Walnut Creek CDROM Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ из Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… FTP Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚, ftp.cdrom.com, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ»ĐµÑ‚. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ FreeBSD, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ 6000 Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 30 Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ (Đ² иÑ�Đ½Đµ 1999; Đ´Đ°, _Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚_!) Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�ц Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 10 Đ¼Đ¸Đ»Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº.
+* Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� http://www.yahoo.com/[Yahoo Inc.], Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼ ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ² Internet, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² World Wide Web. Yahoo, ĐºĐ°Đº и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Ñƒ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ Yahoo, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° FreeBSD.
+* http://www.netcraft.com/[Netcraft] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ± Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ FreeBSD и Apache Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° и FreeBSD/Perl Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… из Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚.
+* Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆÑƒ link:../gallery/[Đ“Đ°Đ»ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�] Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… FreeBSD.
+
+FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ± Internet:
+
+* WWW-Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ или Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ² Internet
+* Đ¡Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑ�и-Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Internet
+* Đ¡Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² FTP
+* Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Đ¼, Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+link:../ports/[Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²] FreeBSD Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Internet.
+
+== Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ _и_ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ² Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ’ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Ñƒ Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¼Đ°ÑƒÑ�Ñ€Đ°, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ°, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ° Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ ÑˆĐ»Ñ�Đ·Đ¾Đ² IP. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ² Internet, Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ½Đµ.
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸, Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Kerberos, ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ° secure RPC Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ (Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�).
+
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ� mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.ORG[Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸] и Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ ĐµĐ°Đ³Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ (Computer Emergency Response Team) (http://www.cert.org/[CERT]).
+
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ . . .
+
+_``ĐŸĐ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ FreeBSD ... Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² TCP/IP из Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ...''_
+
+---ĐœĐ°Đ¹ĐºĐ» Đ�'Đ‘Ñ€Đ°Đ¹ĐµĐ½ (Michael O'Brien), _SunExpert_ Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 1996 volume 7 number 8.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..941dd1d4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸
+
+[.right]
+image::../../gifs/j2j.gif[Jump to Java(R)]
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° Java(R) Development Kit Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ³Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾, Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾.
+
+http://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/[FreeBSD Foundation] Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ Sun Microsystems Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Java Runtime Environment (JRE(TM)) и Java Development Kit (JDK(R)).
+
+Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ JDK и JRE, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đµ FreeBSD Foundation, 1.3.1. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ и Ñ�ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ 4.X. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� FreeBSD 5.X Đ² Ñ�Đ²Ñ�зи Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ½Đ°Đ´ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ FreeBSD Foundation и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+Đ—Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐµ JDK и JRE Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ http://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/downloads/java.shtml[FreeBSD Foundation Java Downloads].
+
+== Đ¢Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ² уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Java(R) Đ½Đ° FreeBSD?
+
+Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Java и Jakarta Tomcat Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ JDK(R) и JRE(TM) Đ² FreeBSD. Đ�Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/[Jakarta Tomcat] Ñ� http://www.apache.org/[Apache Software Foundation].
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+* link:newsflash[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‹]
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* link:install[ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Java Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD]
+* link:dists/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]
+* link:../ports/java[Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹...]
+* link:howhelp[Đ§ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ?]
+* link:howhelp/#BUG[Đ¯ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºÑƒ!?!]
+
+== Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* link:docs/newbies[ДлÑ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…]
+* link:docs/tutorials[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ�]
+* link:docs/faq[FAQ]
+* link:docs/performance[Đ¡Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]
+* link:docs/howtoports[Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²...]
+
+== РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Java
+
+* link:links/[Đ¡Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸]
+* link:links/freebsd[FreeBSD]
+* link:links/vendor[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¸]
+* link:links/development[Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸]
+* link:links/api[API]
+* link:links/tutorials[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ�]
+* link:links/documentation[Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�]
+* link:links/resources[РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹...]
+* link:links/servlets[Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹]
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/advocacy.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/advocacy.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9657865396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/advocacy.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ’ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Ñƒ"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ’ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Ñƒ
+
+ĐœÑ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Java(R).
+
+*Đ—Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đµ Sun*: +
+ĐœÑ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Sun Đ¿ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° *Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼* Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ². Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Java Developer's Connection (Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾), Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ° Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4288745.html
+
+*ĐŸĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� IBM Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° FreeBSD*: +
+Đ’ Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Đµ 1999 IBM Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° IBM Developer Kit Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· и Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ•Ñ�ли ĐºÑ‚Đ¾-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� IBM, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�е, Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ mailto:patrick@freebsd.org[ĐŸĐ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ĐºÑƒ Đ“Đ°Ñ€Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ»Đµ] (Patrick Gardella).
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/dists/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/dists/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b12ac35891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/dists/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: ДиÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): ДиÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹
+
+[cols=",",]
+|===
+|Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° Java(R) development Kit Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ³Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾, Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾. |http://java.sun.com[image:../../../java/j2j.gif[Jump to Java]]
+|===
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ
+
+=== JDK(R) 1.1.x
+
+Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� link:11[JDK 1.1.8] Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD 2.2.x, 3.x и 4-CURRENT. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� X и без X Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ… Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ².
+
+=== JDK 1.2.x
+
+link:12[JDK2 (Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đº 1.2)] Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼.
+
+=== JDK 1.3.x
+
+link:13[JDK 1.3] Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле JDK 1.2).
+
+=== JDK 1.4.x
+
+link:14[JDK 1.4] Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле JDK 1.3).
+
+== Đ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ
+
+=== JDK 1.0.x
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ link:10[JDK 1.0.2]. Đ�Đ½ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ a.out и Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD (2.1.x и 2.2.x). *Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�*
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreeBSD Đ´Đ¾ 2.2 (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº FreeBSD 2.1.7.1) Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¸ Đ² JDK 1.1.8, Đ½Đ¸ Đ² JDK 1.2.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/faq.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/faq.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2d3e77e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/faq.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: FAQ"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): FAQ
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+. <<q1,Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ ли JDK(R) 1.3 Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD?>>
+. <<q2,ĐœĐ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ ли иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Linux-Port Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ Blackdown?>>
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�
+
+[[q1]]
+. Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ ли JDK(R) 1.3 Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD?
+Да. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD JDK из иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² или Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ². Đ—Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ FreeBSD Java.
++
+[[q2]]
+. ĐœĐ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ ли иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Linux-Port Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ Blackdown?
+Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ»Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�делали. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°Đº: Đ¡ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹, Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐºÑƒĐ´Đ°-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ. Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ diff-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»: 
+....
+      --- bin/.java_wrapper.dist      Thu Jun  3 01:14:34 1999
+      +++ bin/.java_wrapper   Thu Oct 14 19:17:11 1999
+      @@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
+      # Resolve symlinks. See 4152645.
+      while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
+      ls=`/bin/ls -ld "$PRG"`
+      -    link=`/usr/bin/expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+      -    if /usr/bin/expr "$link" : '/' > /dev/null; then
+      +    link=`/compat/linux/usr/bin/expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+      +    if /compat/linux/usr/bin/expr "$link" : '/' > /dev/null; then
+      PRG="$link"
+      else
+      PRG="`/usr/bin/dirname $PRG`/$link"
+      @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
+      # Select vm type (if classic vm, also select thread type).
+      unset vmtype
+      unset ttype
+      -DEFAULT_THREADS_FLAG=native
+      +DEFAULT_THREADS_FLAG=green
+      if [ "x$1" = "x-hotspot" ]; then
+      vmtype=hotspot
+      ttype=native_threads
+      --- jre/bin/.java_wrapper.dist  Thu Jun  3 01:14:34 1999
+      +++ jre/bin/.java_wrapper   Thu Oct 14 19:32:06 1999
+      @@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
+      # Resolve symlinks. See 4152645.
+      while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
+      ls=`/bin/ls -ld "$PRG"`
+      -    link=`/usr/bin/expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+      -    if /usr/bin/expr "$link" : '/' > /dev/null; then
+      +    link=`/compat/linux/usr/bin/expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+      +    if /compat/linux/usr/bin/expr "$link" : '/' > /dev/null; then
+      PRG="$link"
+      else
+      PRG="`/usr/bin/dirname $PRG`/$link"
+      @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
+      # Select vm type (if classic vm, also select thread type).
+      unset vmtype
+      unset ttype
+      -DEFAULT_THREADS_FLAG=native
+      +DEFAULT_THREADS_FLAG=green
+      if [ "x$1" = "x-hotspot" ]; then
+      vmtype=hotspot
+      ttype=native_threads
+....
+
+Thanks to Makoto MATSUSHITA (matusita@ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/howtoports.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/howtoports.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb054927b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/howtoports.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚
+
+Đ�Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ link:{handbook}#porting[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹].
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Java(R) еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�:
+
+....
+    1) Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ°, Ñ‚Đ¾ jar-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³:
+      /usr/local/share/java/classes/
+
+    2) Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Ñ‚Đ¾ jar-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³:
+      /usr/local/share/java/<application-name>/
+    Đ° Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ²:
+      /usr/local/bin/
+
+    3) Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³:
+      /usr/local/share/doc/java/<application-name>/
+      
+....
+
+Đ§ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ у Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/newbies.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/newbies.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ee5ab95ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/newbies.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…
+
+Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ "Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°" Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đµ?
+
+*Đ’Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� JDK(R) Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD?* -- link:../../install[Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ JDK]
+
+*Đ�е Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Java(R)?* -- Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ� Java Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� link:../../tutorials[ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°] или link:../../documentation[ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸]. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ из Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ‘Ñ€Ñ�Ñ�Đ° Đ­ĐºĐµĐ»Ñ� (Bruce Eckel) http://www.eckelobjects.com/TIJ2/index.html[Thinking in Java].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/performance.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/performance.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62403b33b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/performance.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ¡Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ¡Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+== Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ:
+
+Đ’ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Sun Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Java Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ http://www.blackdown.org[Blackdown] Ñ� http://www.freebsd.org/java/[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ JDK(R) Đ½Đ° FreeBSD].
+
+== Đ˜Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¸:
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, даже ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ JIT. ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ� Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹, Đ²Ñ�е Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Linux, и Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ из Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� FreeBSD/TYA. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Linux и FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ без JIT, FreeBSD Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐµ. ĐœÑ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD Đ´Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ½ JIT Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+== ĐœĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´Đ¸ĐºĐ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�:
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD 3.4-RC (Tue Dec 7 09:14:51 EST 1999) Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Pentium 200 SMP Ñ�Đ¾ 128 Đ¼ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ�Đ—Đ£. Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Pendragon Software Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ http://www.webfayre.com/pendragon/cm3/index.html[Caffeine Mark] Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии 3.0 Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ° "Run all tests locally".
+
+== Đ’ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�:
+
+Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ: +
+FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8 +
+Blackdown's JDK 1.2.2-RC3 (under Linux emulation) +
+http://www.shudo.net/jit/[ShuJIT] 0.3.13 +
+ftp://gonzalez.cyberus.ca/pub/Linux/java/tya15.tgz[TYA] 1.5
+
+== Đ¡ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+| |Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ 1 |Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ 2 |Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ 3 |Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ 4 |Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ 5 |Đ¡Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐµ
+|Linux JDK 1.2.2/без JIT |222 |223 |224 |225 |222 |223
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/без JIT |247 |247 |247 |250 |247 |246
+|Linux JDK 1.2.2/Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ JIT |539 |550 |543 |544 |535 |542
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/shujit |373 |376 |369 |374 |373 |373
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/TYA |478 |477 |478 |479 |483 |479
+|===
+
+== Đ¢Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+| |Sieve |Loop |Logic |String |Float |Method |Graphics |Images |Dialog
+|Linux JDK 1.2.2/без JIT |380 |434 |433 |489 |363 |337 |306 |25 |40
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/без JIT |318 |456 |434 |393 |381 |381 |344 |77 |37
+|Linux JDK 1.2.2/Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ JIT |1361 |2005 |3354 |872 |1161 |1802 |247 |28 |40
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/shujit |800 |1566 |2191 |588 |1010 |101 |317 |79 |37
+|FreeBSD JDK 1.1.8/TYA |712 |1467 |2352 |949 |1078 |512 |357 |74 |38
+|===
+
+== Đ—Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ:
+
+Đ¡ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đµ Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ ли Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии JIT Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹. Đ¢Đµ же Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ JIT Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ� Linux JDK Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+== Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€:
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ» ĐŸĐ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đº Đ“Đ°Ñ€Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ»Đ° (Patrick Gardella) patrick@freebsd.org Đ² Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Đµ 1999 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/docs/tutorials.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/docs/tutorials.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d9a18628d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/docs/tutorials.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ у Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° FreeBSD. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ, Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у freebsd-java@freebsd.org.
+
+Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ link:../../links/tutorials[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/howhelp.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/howhelp.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..357cdbd3ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/howhelp.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ�Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ�Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ
+
+*Đ¯ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡Ñƒ*: +
+<<code,Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼>> +
+<<testing,ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸>> +
+<<bug,Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ>> +
+<<documentation,Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�>>
+
+[[code]]
+== *Đ¢Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ´Đ° ли?*
+
+Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ JDK(R) Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ³Đ»ÑƒĐ±Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� C, Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ FreeBSD и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸. Đ˜Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đµ, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ¾Ñ‚ Solaris(TM), Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¸Ñ…, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ. ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¼, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹, Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¸.
+
+Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‹, и Đ²Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ:
+
+. *ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun*
+* *ДлÑ� JDK 1.1.x* Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ "Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ�" Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.javasoft.com/nav/business/source_form.html
+* *ДлÑ� Java 2* Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� "Community Source License" Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· http://jsecom4.sun.com:80/servlet/EComActionServlet/ECom.WelcomePageInfo;$sessionid$[Sun Download Center]
+. *Đ¡ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´*
+* *ДлÑ� JDK 1.1.x* Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Sun.
+* *ДлÑ� Java 2* Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.sun.com/software/java2/download.html
+. *Đ’Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ°Đ¼Đ¸* ĐŸĐ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsd-jdk122-patches-latest.tar.gz. Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² и Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.kjkoster.org/java/index.html[http://kjkoster.org/java/index.html]
+. *ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ "diff-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹" Đº иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼* Đ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ�Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° Đ’Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ¼Ñ�Đ° (Nate Williams) nate@yogotech.com, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Ñƒ CVS.
+. *Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ…Đ°ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹* Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ. Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ и Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ….
+. *Đ¡ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐ¸Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚!*
+
+[[testing]]
+== *Đ’Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ C или FreeBSD _Ñ‚Đ°Đº_ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾?*
+
+Đ¡Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ link:../dists/[Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·], уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Java-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�ту Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ.
+
+[[BUG]]
+== *Đ¯ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºÑƒ!*
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚, или Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´Đµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ:
+
+. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·.
+. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐµ.
+. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đµ. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼. (ĐœÑ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Java или Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Đ¹, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.)
+. Đ›Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ ĐºĐ¾Đ´, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đµ. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đº Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+. Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� JDK. ĐŸĐ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-java@freebsd.org. Đ�е Đ·Đ°Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ли.
+. Đ˜ Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đµ, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+
+[[documentation]]
+== *Đ¯ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ±-Đ´Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ или Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹!*
+
+ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ или Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ и Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� freebsd-java@freebsd.org
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/install.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/install.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..124f6280c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/install.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ� Java Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Java Development Kit:
+
+[[jdk]]
+== Đ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ JDK Đ½Đ° FreeBSD
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ»Đ¾Đ´ уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Java 2 Đ½Đ° FreeBSD. Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ и иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ° JDK, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Sun, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ JDK Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ FreeBSD.
+
+`cd /usr/ports/java/jdk14`
+
+`make install clean`
+
+[[linux-sun-jdk]]
+== Sun JDK Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Java 2 Developement Kit Đ¾Ñ‚ Sun, Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux. Đ�Đ½ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ FreeBSD иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Linux.
+
+`cd /usr/ports/java/linux-sun-jdk14`
+
+`make install clean`
+
+[[linux-ibm-jdk]]
+== IBM JDK Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Java 2 Standard Edition SDK, Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� 1.4 Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux Đ¾Ñ‚ IBM. Đ�Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ IBM just-in-time, Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Mixed Mode Interpreter и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Java 2.
+
+`cd /usr/ports/java/linux-ibm-jdk14`
+
+`make install clean`
+
+[[linux-blackdown-jdk]]
+== Blackdown JDK Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux
+
+Blackdown Java Developer Kit 1.4.1. Đ�Đ½ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ и Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ HotSpot, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Java Web Start 1.2 — Java Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° Mozilla и Java Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Netscape 4.x.
+
+`cd /usr/ports/java/linux-blackdown-jdk14`
+`make install clean`
+
+*ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ:* ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Sun, Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ½ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ·Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ/Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ´. ĐŸĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ же Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ€ÑƒÑ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ½ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¿Đµ, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñƒ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ÑƒÑ�Ñ� link:{handbook}#ports["уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹"].
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75be56efee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ½Đ° Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ java, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼.
+
+* link:../freebsd/[FreeBSD] +
+Đ¡Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ‚Đ´.
+* link:../vendor/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸] +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñ‹, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Sun, IBM, ...
+* link:../development/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸] +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Java (Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Sun и IBM)
+* link:../api/[API] +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ API и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²
+* link:../tutorials/[Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸] +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ JavaSoft
+* link:../documentation/[Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�] +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�щуÑ�Ñ�Ñ� java
+* link:../servlets/[Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹] +
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ… и Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚
+* link:../resources/[РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹...] +
+Đ’Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ°Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/api.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/api.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..256e0c54d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/api.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: API"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): API
+
+== Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� API Đ¾Ñ‚ Sun Microsystems
+
+Đ’ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶ĐµÑ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ API и Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ SUN (Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ http://java.sun.com/products[Java Products] и, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Standard Extensions)
+
+* http://java.sun.com/products/jfc[JFC (Java Foundation Classes)] +
+Đ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ÑˆĐµĐ» Swing. Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/tsc[The Swing Connection].
+* http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jmf/index.html[Java^TM^ Media Framework] +
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Java Media Framework (JMF) 1.0 API Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�туÑ�, ÑƒĐ½Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ API Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Sun Microsystems, Inc., Silicon Graphics Inc., и Intel Corporation. +
+Java Media Framework (JMF) 2.0 API Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ 1.0 API, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Ñ…Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐºĐ¸, Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ², ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ RTP и Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° и Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ API Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€Đ° и Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Sun Microsystems, Inc. и IBM.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jai/index.html[Java^TM^ Advanced Imaging] +
+Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) API - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Java. Java Advanced Imaging API Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đº tiling, deferred execution и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Java 2D API, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Java 2D Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Java Advanced Imaging API.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/javacomm/[Java^TM^ Serial Port (COMM)] +
+Java Serial Port Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾-Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ� и Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹. Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ RS232 и Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ»ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ IEEE 1284.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/3D/index.html[Java 3D^TM^] +
+Java 3DTM 1.1 API Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ…Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ и 3D-Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ‚. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ…Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ². ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Java 3D Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‹.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/javamail/index.html[JavaMail] +
+JavaMail API Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ абÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. Đ’ API Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ Java.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/javahelp/index.html[JavaHelp^TM^] +
+JavaHelp - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Java: Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ½Đ° Java, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Java иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ…, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Java, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ и Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ), деÑ�ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹ и Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ HTML.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/beans/glasgow/jaf.html[JavaBeans^TM^ Activation Framework (JAF)] +
+Đ¡ JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF) Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…, Đ¸Đ½ĐºĐ°Đ¿Ñ�ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐºĐ·ĐµĐ¼Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ JavaBeans Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/index.html[Java^TM^ Servlet] +
+Java Servlet Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ Java.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/jce/index.html[Java^TM^ Cryptography (JCE)] +
+Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) 1.2 Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹ и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ°Đ»Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¼Đ¾Đ² Message Authentication Code (MAC). ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ�ебÑ� Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ, Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ, Đ±Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Ñ‹. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ и "Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ¾Đ¼Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ" Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/beans/infobus/index.html[InfoBus] +
+InfoBus Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ JavaBeans, Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Beans и ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ», иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. +
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†ĐµĐ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸. Đ’Ñ�е ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‹, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Đ¼Đ°Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸. Đ�Đ°Đº ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¼Đ°Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸, Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹, Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹, Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đº баз Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…, Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼.
+* http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/index.html[Java Naming and Directory Interface^TM^ (JNDI)] +
+Đ”Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒĐ½Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ·Ñ€Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Java Đº иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ±Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµÑ�-Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ°Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ² и Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+* http://java.sun.com/xml[The XML Project] +
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ XML и Java
+
+== ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒĐ¸Ñ… Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼...
+
+* http://www.objectspace.com/products/jglOverview.htm[JGL (Java Generic Library)] +
+Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ API Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ ĐºĐ°Đº CollcetionAPI Đ² JDK1.2.
+* http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/xml4j[XML4J] +
+XML Parser Đ´Đ»Ñ� java Đ¾Ñ‚ IBM
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/development.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/development.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e93f2b66f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/development.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+=ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°
+
+Đ�иже Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ.
+
+* IDE
+** http://www7b.software.ibm.com/wsdd/zones/vajava/[Visual Age for Java - Professional] +
+mailto:Joachim.Jaeckel@coffeebreak.de[Joachim Jaeckel] Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ» Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Visual Age for Java Professional 3.0 (Linux) Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ -CURRENT: http://www.coffeebreak.de/freebsd/
+** http://jdee.sunsite.dk/[JDE] +
+Đ ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� (X)Emacs Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Java
+** http://www.ist.co.uk/visaj/index.html[visaj] +
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¸Đ·ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Java.
+** http://www.jedit.org[jEdit] +
+jEdit - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Java Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Swing и Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸. Đ�Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ http://www.gjt.org/~sp/jedit-ide/[jEdit-IDE].
+** http://www.netbeans.org/[NetBeans] +
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� IDE, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ½Đ° java, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии, ĐºĐ°Đº беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ. Đ¡ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Sun Microsystems.
+** JWS - SunĂ¡s IDE +
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Syn Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµĐ» NetBeans Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ее ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� IDE.
+** http://www.freebuilder.org[FreeBuilder] +
+IDE Ñ� Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Open Source, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐµĐ¹, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¶Đµ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Đ²ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ²ĐµĐ±Đµ, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ из CVS.
+** http://www.elixirtech.com/ElixirIDE/index.html[ElixirIDE] +
+IDE, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‡Đ¸Đº. Đ’Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ² JARS top 5%.
+** http://www.eclipse.org/[Eclipse] +
+Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ IDE Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ³Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ без ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+** http://www.jetbrains.com/idea[IDEA] +
+IDEA Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Java IDE Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµÑ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ°.
+* JDBC
+** http://industry.java.sun.com/products/jdbc/drivers[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² JDBC Đ¾Ñ‚ Sun]
+** http://www.voicenet.com/~zellert/tjFM/[]tjFM +
+Type 4 JDBC Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� MySQL(TM).
+** http://www.mysql.com/products/connector-j/index.html[MySQL Connector/J] +
+Type 4 JDBC Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� MySQL.
+* UML
+** http://www.togethersoft.com/together/togetherJ.html[TogetherJ] +
+Đ¡Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ° UML, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ° Java. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸, еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ даже беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ�.
+* Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹
+** http://www10.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/[Jikes] +
+Đ¡Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ…Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ java Đ¾Ñ‚ IBM (Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/documentation.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/documentation.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4551b4d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/documentation.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* http://www.blackdown.org/java-linux/docs/faq/FAQ-java-linux.html[JavaLinux FAQ]
+* http://www.eckelobjects.com/TIJ2/index.html[Thinking in Java 2nd ed.] +
+БеÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Java, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸. ĐœĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… W97/HTML или PDF format. +
+http://www.eckelobjects.com/javabook.html[Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ°.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/freebsd.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/freebsd.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac38492358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/freebsd.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Java, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� FreeBSD"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Java, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/comms/java-commapi-freebsd/pkg-descr[The JavaComm API] - ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� JavaComm API Đ½Đ° FreeBSD
+* *shuJIT* - http://www.shudo.net/jit/ - "ust In Time" ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD и Linux.
+* *TYA* - ftp://gonzalez.cyberus.ca/pub/Linux/java/ - "Just In Time" ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD.
+* *Kaffe* - http://www.kaffe.org - Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Java Đ² уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… "Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹".
+* http://www.blackdown.org[Linux-Ports] +
+Веб-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�у Java Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Linux
+* {blank}
+** http://www.blackdown.org/java-linux/jdk1.2-status/index.html[Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°...]
+** JDK 1.2
+** JAF
+** JMF
+** JAI
+** Java3D
+** JavaPlugin 1.2
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/resources.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/resources.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f610a0c3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/resources.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+* http://www.gamelan.com[Java Directory Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ Gamelan] +
+Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ‚, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼, Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐº java ...
+* http://www.javaworld.com[Java World] +
+_Đ–ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»_, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Java
+* http://www.gjt.org[Giant Java Tree (GJT)] +
+Java Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° CVS.
+* http://jos.sourceforge.net/[JOS] +
+БеÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Java Operating System (Đ²Ñ�е ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ´Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đµ-ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ¸ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Ñ‹)
+* http://www.javalobby.org[Javalobby] +
+Đ�Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Java (Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑŒĐ±Đ° Đ·Đ° Java), Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ +
+беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ (еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Javalobby)
+* http://www.ibm.com/developer/java/[JCentral] +
+ĐœĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� java (Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº +
+Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ… иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ... ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ IBM
+* http://java.apache.org[Java и Apache Group] +
+Đ Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� java и Đ²ĐµĐ±Đ°, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº JServ, Cocoon и Ñ‚Đ´.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/servlets.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/servlets.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16ba164c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/servlets.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹
+
+Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Java(R) API, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ CGI-Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ Perl, или, Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°.
+
+Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� XML и XSL.
+
+* API
+** http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/index.html[Sun's Servlet API]
+** http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/jsp_servlet.html[Sun's Java Server Pages White Paper] +
+Java Server Pages - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´ Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ³Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ²ĐµĐ±. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ� Active Server Pages Đ¾Ñ‚ Microsoft.
+* Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ…
+** http://www.purpletech.com/servlet-faq[Purple Servlet FAQ] +
+Đ˜Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ….
+* Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚
+** http://www.sun.com/software/jwebserver/[Java Web Server] +
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ Java. Sun Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ» иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Apache и Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¾Đ½ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ°Đº Tomcat.
+** http://jakarta.apache.org[Tomcat (Jakarta Project)] +
+Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ†Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Java Servlets и Java Server Pages. Đ�Đ¾Đ´ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½, еÑ�ли Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº.
+** http://java.apache.org/jserv[Apache JServ] +
+Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Servlet 2.0 API Đ½Đ° 100% Pure Java. Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� Apache.
+** http://www.newatlanta.com[ServletExec] +
+Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ�/Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‡Đ¸Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚. Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ².
+** http://www.jrun.com/products/Jrun[JRun] +
+Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ�/Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ·ĐµÑ€ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° JavaWorld Đ² Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Best Servlet Tool for 1998 и WebTechnique's Best Java Tool for 1998. Đ�ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ‰ĐµĐ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Allaire. Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ².
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/tools.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/tools.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae0cc91898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/tools.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹
+
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+** http://www.jpython.org[JPython] +
+Đ›ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐµ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Java Scripting (Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Python и Java) - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ!
+* Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đµ
+** http://www10.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/[Jikes] +
+Đ¡Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ…Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ java Đ¾Ñ‚ IBM (Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/tutorials.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/tutorials.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..888fb4c99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/tutorials.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/index.html[Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¿Đ¾ Java] +
+Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¿Đ¾ Java Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun.
+* http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Java Developer Connection] +
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ», Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ здеÑ�ÑŒ. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ» Đ¿Đ¾ Java, JavaBeans, Collections, JDBC, Security и Ñ‚Đ´. Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾!
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/links/vendor.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/links/vendor.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee64dd01e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/links/vendor.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¸"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼.
+
+* Sun Microsystems
+** http://www.javasoft.com[Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ JavaSoft] +
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Java. ĐŸÑ€Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°.
+** http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/[Java Developer Connection] +
+Đ—Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘.
+* IBM
+** http://www.ibm.com/java[developerWorks - Java Technology Zone] +
+Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ java
+** http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com[Alphaworks] +
+Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии
+** http://www10.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/[Jikes] +
+Đ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ java, Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/newflash.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/newflash.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f95b3d0d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/newflash.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+== Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2005
+
+* *19 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2005:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchset 1) Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ JDK(R) 1.5. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº link:dists/15[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.5.x] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2004
+
+* *13 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2004:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Ñ�ĐµĐ´ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchset 7) Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ JDK(R) 1.4. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.4.x Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2004
+
+* *25 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2004:* +
+Đ’ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đµ Java-Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ° http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-1029[уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ]. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ jdk14 Đ±Ñ‹Đ» иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии 1.4.2p6_7. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ jdk13 Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, http://www.vuxml.org/freebsd/ac619d06-3ef8-11d9-8741-c942c075aa41.html[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2003
+
+* *30 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» ÑˆĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchset 6) Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ JDK(R) 1.4. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.4.x Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹.
+* *19 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchset 9) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° &jdk; 1.3.1 Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ JDK 1.3.x.
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2003
+
+* *11 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¿Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchset 5) Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ JDK(R) 1.4. Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ JDK 1.4.x.
+
+== Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2003
+
+* *10 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ²Ñ‘Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchset 4) Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ &jdk; 1.4. Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ JDK 1.4.x.
+
+== Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 2003
+
+* *26 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2003:* +
+FreeBSD Foundation http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/press/20030825-java131.shtml[Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°] Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ JDK(R) 1.3.1 Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+
+== ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 2003
+
+* *7 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchset 3) Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ JDK(R) 1.4. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.4.x Đ·Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹.
+
+== Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 2003
+
+* *12 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchlevel 8) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� JDK(R) 1.3.1. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.3.x Đ·Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹.
+* *4 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2003:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchset 2) Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ JDK(R) 1.4. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.4.x Đ·Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹.
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2002
+
+* *15 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2002:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€Ñ�Đ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchlevel 1) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° JDK(R) 1.4.0. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.2.x.
+
+== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2002
+
+* *18 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2002:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€Ñ�Đ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchlevel 11) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° &jdk; 1.2.2. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.2.x.
+* *17 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2002:* +
+Đ¡Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Sun Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° J2SE 1.4.1 FCS, Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ J2SE 1.4.1].
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 2002
+
+* *26 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2002:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€Ñ�Đ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchlevel 7) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° &jdk; 1.3.1. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.3.x.
+
+== Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 2002
+
+* *13 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2002:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€Ñ�Đ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchlevel 6) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° &jdk; 1.3.1. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.3.x.
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001
+
+* *22 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2001:* +
++
+Đ’ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ announce@FreeBSD.org Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
++
+FreeBSD Foundation Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Sun Microsystems Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Java Development Kit (JDK(R)), Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Java Runtime Environment (JRE). Đ‘Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ� Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ уÑ�илиÑ�Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ FreeBSD Java, Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đº Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD 4.5 Đ² Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đµ 2002.
++
+Đ�Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Java Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ FreeBSD. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Java Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Web, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ из Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ FreeBSD. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ� Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ² Java, FreeBSD Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ и Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ´Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° Java.
++
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ без уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ¹ mailto:nate@FreeBSD.org[Đ�Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° Đ’Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ�Đ¼Ñ�Đ°] (Nate Williams). Đ�Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Java Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, Đ½Đ¾ и Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Sun Microsystems и Foundation.
++
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ° http://daily.daemonnews.org/view_story.php3?story_id=2602[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
+
+== Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001
+
+* *16 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2001:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€Ñ�Đ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchlevel 5) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° &jdk; 1.3.1. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.3.x.
+
+=== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001
+
+* *10 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2001:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€Ñ�Đ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ (patchlevel 4) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° JDK(R) 1.3.1. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ JDK 1.3.x.
+* *6 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2001:* +
+mailto:sobomax@FreeBSD.org[ĐœĐ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¡Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ²] (Maxim Sobolev) Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° http://www.sun.com/forte/ffj/index.html[Forte[tm] for Java[tm]] Đ¾Ñ‚ Sun, release 3.0 Community Edition, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ (IDE). Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½ из ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² ports/java/forte.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ JDK(R) 1.3.1, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ� Linux JDK(R) 1.3.1.
+
+== Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 2001
+
+* *27 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2001:* +
+mailto:glewis@FreeBSD.org[Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ�] (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾Đ¶Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� JDK(R) 1.3.1. Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¾Đ½ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� из ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² ports/java/jdk13. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐµ JDK 1.3.x Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
++
+Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�.
+
+== Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *14 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000:* +
+mailto:sobomax@FreeBSD.org[ĐœĐ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¡Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ²] (Maxim Sobolev) Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° JDK(R) 1.2.2. Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¾Đ½ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½ из ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ° ports/java/jdk12-beta Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ JDK 1.2.x Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
++
+Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ²Ñ�е Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµÑ‡ÑŒ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ, Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�иле.
++
+Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, у ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Java2.
+
+=== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *15 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000:* Đ¡ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Java: +
+mailto:sean@stat.duke.edu[Sean O'Connell] и mailto:gallatin@cs.duke.edu[Andrew Gallatin] Ñ�делали Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ JDK(R) 1.3 Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ IBM Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. +
+mailto:ernst@jollem.com[Ernst de Haan] ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Linux JDK(R) 1.3.0b9 Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun Đ² 4.0-STABLE.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� здеÑ�ÑŒ.
+
+== Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 2000
+
+* *10 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2000:* 7 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2000 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đµ FreeBSD JDK(R) Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº JCK (Java Compatibility Kit) Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и (Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ�!) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹. Đ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ (Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ°) Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ JDK(R), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� JCK, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ JDK(R) 1.1.*.
++
+Đ� Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, ĐºĐ°Đº ÑƒÑ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Sun (Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ *Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°* Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ли), Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ JCK - Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ и Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�. Đ�Đ°Đ´ĐµĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ¼Ñ‘Ñ‚ у Đ½Đ°Ñ� 3 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ², ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Sun. :(
++
+Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Motif®, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°. Sun Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼, и Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� OpenGroup Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ² Motif Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ JDK(R).
+
+== ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 2000
+
+* *3 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2000:* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ JDK(R) 1.2.2 Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ²Đ¾ÑˆÑ‘Đ» Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ� Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ°-Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� +
+Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ� (Greg Lewis) Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ JDK(R) 1.2.2 Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑˆÑ‘Đ» Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ� Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ°-Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. +
+Đ’ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ, Đ² ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ½ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD (3.4, 4.0 и 5.0 Đ´Đ»Ñ� x86) и Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ (2.2.8 Đ´Đ»Ñ� x86 и 4.0 alpha). Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚. +
+Đ¡ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ½Ñ‚ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ°, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°. +
+ĐŸĐ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у +
+http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/jdk.html +
+Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ и Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у: +
+http://www.kjkoster.org/java/index.html
+* *1 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2000:* Đ—Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ - Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ RFE Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ 1 +
+ĐœÑ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Sun Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒĐ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° JDK2 Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐµ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµĐ¼ *Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đµ* Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Java Developer's Connection (Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾), Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4288745.html
+
+== ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 2000
+
+* *22 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000:* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đµ-Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ° Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ JDK(R) 1.2.2. +
+Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³ Đ›ÑŒÑ�иÑ� (Greg Lewis) Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đµ-Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ° Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Java Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� из Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… FreeBSD JDK(R) 1.2.2. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ±Đ¾Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� JDK(R) Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼. Đ�еÑ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ AWT и Swing Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, и Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ². ĐŸĐ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ� http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsd-jdk122-patches-latest.tar.gz. Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² и Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.kjkoster.org/java/index.html[http://www.kjkoster.org/java/index.html.]
+
+== Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *30 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2000:* Blackdown 1.2.2RC4 JDK(R) +
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Linux Blackdown Port Team Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ° RC4 Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° JDK(R) 1.2. Đ�Đ½ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ… и Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�е Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ и Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ jfc. Đ�еÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Apache JServ. ĐŸĐ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¾Đ½ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.jmcm.org/tech/ports/linux_jdk.html. (ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Ñ�лал Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�е ĐœĐ°Ñ€ĐºÑƒÑ� /Jose Marques/)
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *28 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999:* Đ—Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ +
+ĐœÑ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Sun Đ¿ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° JDK2 Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° *Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼* Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ². Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Java Developer's Connection (Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾), Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ° Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4288745.html
+* *9 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999:* Đ•Ñ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· &jdk; 1.1.8, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ² Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ.
+** ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/nate/JDK1.1/jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-11-9.tar.gz[jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-11-9.tar.gz]. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 2.2.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ A.OUT.
+** ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/nate/JDK1.1/jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-11-9.tar.gz[jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-11-9.tar.gz]. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 3.* и 4.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ ELF. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ из-Đ·Đ° Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² -CURRENT, JDK(R) Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾.
+
+== Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *11 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999:* Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Java2/JDK(R) 1.2. Đ’ Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ 'Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ°' Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD 3.3-stable/ELF.
+
+== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *22 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999:* Đ•Ñ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº &jdk; 1.1.8, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ»ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸, Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. ДлÑ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñƒ README.FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ….
+** jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-9-22.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 2.2.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ A.OUT.
+** jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-9-22.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 3.* и 4.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ ELF.
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *19 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999:* ĐŸĐ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· JDK(R) 1.1.8, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¼Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… (Đ½Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…) Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº. Đ’Đ¾-Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…, netpatch (Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ) Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ² иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹, и Đ²Đ¾-Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ…, Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ° и иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Floating Point. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ²Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ла Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ и Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ абÑ�Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹.
+** jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-7-19.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 2.2.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ A.OUT.
+** jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-7-19.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 3.* и 4.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ ELF.
+* *2 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999:* Đ�Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ FreeBSD 'CommAPI', Ñ†ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ http://java.sun.com/products/javacomm/index.html[JAVA's CommAPI] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� mailto:jdricot@ulb.ac.be?subject=JAVA%20CommAPI:%20[DRICOT Jean-Michel] и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://student.ulb.ac.be/~jdricot/commapi/. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´Đ°, еÑ�ли Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ.
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *8 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999:* Đ’ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ JDK(R) 1.1.8 Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ²Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ла Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² UDP. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�, FreeBSD JDK(R) ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ³Đ°Đ», Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ°, и Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ĐºĐ½ÑƒĐ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ² Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ tar.gz и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ jdk. Đ�Đ½ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ Đ²Đ¾Đ²Ñ�е Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ½Đ¸ Đº Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ÑˆĐ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµÑ‚.
+** AOUT.netpatch.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 2.2.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ A.OUT.
+** ELF.netpatch.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 3.* и 4.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ ELF.
+* *3 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999:* Đ ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ JDK(R) 1.1.8 Đ´Đ»Ñ� A.OUT и ELF. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² 3.*/ELF (Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°), Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐµ LOCALE и Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+** jdk1.1.8_AOUT.V99-6-3.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 2.2.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ A.OUT.
+** jdk1.1.8_ELF.V99-6-3.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 3.* и 4.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ ELF.
+* *1 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999:* Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ� JDK2
+** Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ JDK(R) 1.2/JDK2 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�Ñ„Đ¾ĐºÑƒÑ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ уÑ�илиÑ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ… JDK1. ДлÑ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° из Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ JDK2, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· JDK1 и Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/index.html#download-swing[Swing], Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Sun Đ´Đ»Ñ� JDK1, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ FreeBSD.
+
+== Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *16 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999:* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ A.OUT Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· JDK(R) 1.1.7. Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°. Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ELF Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� и Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² 3.0.
+** jdk1.1.7_AOUT.V99-4-16.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 2.2.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ A.OUT.
+
+== ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 1999
+
+* *26 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1999:* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° ELF Đ´Đ»Ñ� JDK(R) 1.1.7, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ A.OUT, иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ»ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº.
+** jdk1.1.7_AOUT.V99-3-24.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 2.2.*, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ A.OUT.
+** jdk1.1.7_ELF.V99-3-25.tar.gz. ДлÑ� FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ 3.x и 4, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ ELF. *Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ*: Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ dladdr(), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ 1999/3/24. Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� 3.1-stable или 4.0-current Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¶Đµ 1999/3/24. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ° или Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ -stable или -current, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸Đº link:ld-elf.so.1[Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�Đ´Đ°] и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đº /usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1 (Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� root):
++
+....
+# install -c -s -o bin -g bin -m 555 -C -fschg ld-elf.so.1 /usr/libexec
+....
+* *16 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1999:* Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ…:
+** ELF JDK(R) 1.1.7 : ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ JDK(R) 1.1.7 Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ ELF (Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� FreeBSD 3.x и Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ) Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑˆĐ»Đ¾ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ‘ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ.
+** JDK2 (Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº JDK(R) 1.2): Đ�еÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ JDK2 Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ из-Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼. (Đ’Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Blackdown JDK2 Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ diff-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².)
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *21 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998:* jdk1.1.7.V98-12-21.tar.gz.
+** Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� JDK(R) 1.1.7. Đ‘Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ£Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñƒ, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… (и Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…) Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ² JDK(R), Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… деÑ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ� 256 Đ´Đ¾ 2048. JRE Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½, Đ·Đ° Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Ñƒ.
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *14 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998:* jdk1.1.7.V98-11-5.tar.gz.
+** ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ¾ JDK(R) 1.1.7. Đ‘Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐŸÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ĐºÑƒ Đ“Đ°Ñ€Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ»Đµ (Patrick Gardella) patrick@FreeBSD.org, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ» Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°.
+
+== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *23 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998:* jdk1.1.6.V98-9-23.tar.gz.
+** Đ’ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº Đ¾Ñ‚ 14 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ jre, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� JDK(R), Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ´Đ»Ñ� JRE, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½ и ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ².
+
+== Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 1998
+
+* *22 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1998:*
+** Đ�Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�илиÑ�ÑŒ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ JDK(R) и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đ¿Đ¾ ftp. Đ¡Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼!
+* *14 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1998:* jdk1.1.6.V98-8-14.tar.gz.
+** Đ�Đ¿Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� SO_REUSEADDR Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ServerSockets (Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹).
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *21 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1998:* jdk1.1.6.V98-7-21.tar.gz.
+** Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ JDK(R)1.1.6. Đ‘Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ£Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñƒ (Keith White) kwhite@site.uottawa.ca, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�делал Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°!
+** Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ 'Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ' Đ´Đ»Ñ� java.version и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ.
+** Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² UDP/Multicast.
+** Đ�ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¸Đ³Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đµ, иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° (Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Ñƒ).
+** Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đº "KOI8-R" и "CP866".
+** Đ’Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ FreeBSD ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ (Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½ Đ² JDK(R), Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ FreeBSD Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ из Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… (или ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹?) VM, ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹.
+** sysRmdir() Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸.
+** ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ CJK ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ� Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¹ xpg4.
+
+== ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 1998
+
+* *5 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1998:*
+** Đ�Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ JWS (Java Work Shop) Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Sun Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đµ FreeBSD.
+
+== Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *25 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1998:* jdk1.1.5.V98-2-25.tar.gz.
+** ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ JDK(R) Đ´Đ»Ñ� 2.2.2 Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚.
+** Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ AWT Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� Đ¾ĐºĐ½Đ°.
+** Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đº Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ¿ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Đ´Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾ĐºĐ½Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·.
+** Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ SHMEM Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¶Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ»Đ¾ Đº ÑƒÑ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐºĐµ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
++
+*12 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1998:*
+** Đ™Đ¾Ñ…Đ°Đ½ Đ›Đ°Ñ€Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ½ (Johan Larsson) Đ»Ñ�Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ftp-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� JDK(R), Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ±ĐµĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� HTTP, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°.
+** Đ›Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ 'Steaming Cup of Java' Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ° 'Jump to Java', ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ (и Ñ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸) Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ½ Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� SUN.
++
+*9 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1998:* jdk1.1.5.V98-2-8.tar.gz.
+** Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Process.waitFor()
+** ĐœĐ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ± ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸ Motif. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼, у ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° Motif (Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� или Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ�), Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ JDK(R) Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Motif, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Đ² Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ.
+** Đ�ĐµĐ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ из ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ²ĐµĐ¹ĐµÑ€Đ° (pipe) Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Ñ… Đ�Đ¡.
+** ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° (Đ¼ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚) Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚.
+
+== Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 1998:*
+** Đ�Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� JDK(R) Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ уÑ�илиÑ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ JDK(R) Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD.
+** Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ JDK(R)1.1.5 Đ² Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ, Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Motif. (Đ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ±Ñ‹Đ» ÑƒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ½ из-Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ� диÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° ftp-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ,)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/java/press.adoc b/website/content/ru/java/press.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dd318093f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/java/press.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java®: Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�е..."
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Java(R): Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�е...
+
+*Java World ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚, 1999*: http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-03-1999/jw-03-volanomark-2.html[(Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ°)] +
+JavaWorld Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ’Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾ (Volano), Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ 16 Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ Java Đ´Đ»Ñ� 7 Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼. FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� JDK 1.1.8.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/logo.adoc b/website/content/ru/logo.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b47006c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/logo.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Logo"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= FreeBSD Logo
+
+* <<guideline,Đ£ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<resource,РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹>>
+* <<sample,ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹>>
+
+[[guideline]]
+== Đ£ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ—Đ½Đ°Đº FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD. Đ›Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ FreeBSD и The Power to Serve Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ "РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹", Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ°, Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/documents/Guidelines.shtml[Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ° FreeBSD.]
+
+[[resource]]
+== РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+=== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ (Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹)
+
+link:../../logo/logo-full.png[image:../../logo/logo-full-thumb.png[image]]
+
+=== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ (Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đ°)
+
+link:../../logo/logo-reverse.png[image:../../logo/logo-reverse-thumb.png[image]]
+
+=== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ (Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾-Đ±ĐµĐ»Ñ‹Đ¹)
+
+link:../../logo/logo-bw.png[image:../../logo/logo-bw-thumb.png[image]]
+
+=== Đ’ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+Format: link:../../logo/logo-basic.ai[Adobe(r) Illustrator(r)], link:../../logo/logo-basic.svg[SVG]
+
+link:../../logo/logo-basic.png[image:../../logo/logo-basic-thumb.png[image]]
+
+[[sample]]
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+
+Đ—Đ�ĐœĐ•Đ§Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ•: Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ "freeBSD" Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ°, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�. ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ†Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ�, и Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ±ÑƒĐºĐ²Ñƒ "f" Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� "F".
+
+=== CD/DVD ÑƒĐ¿Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²ĐºĐ°
+
+link:../../logo/cd.jpg[image:../../logo/cd-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+=== Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸
+
+link:../../logo/postcard1.jpg[image:../../logo/postcard1-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/postcard2.jpg[image:../../logo/postcard2-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/postcard3.jpg[image:../../logo/postcard3-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/postcard4.jpg[image:../../logo/postcard4-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+=== Đ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¸
+
+Đ�еÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ¾ĐµĐ².
+
+link:../../logo/wall1.jpg[image:../../logo/wall1-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/wall2.jpg[image:../../logo/wall2-thumb.jpg[image]]
+
+link:../../logo/wall3.jpg[image:../../logo/wall3-thumb.jpg[image]]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/mailto.adoc b/website/content/ru/mailto.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5ae46e0a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/mailto.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+== Đ’Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD...
+
+Đ’Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Questions, freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org.
+
+link:../community/mailinglists[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD (Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ и Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼). Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸.
+
+== Đ’Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°...
+
+Đ’Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (link:{handbook}[Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾], link:{faq}[Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹], link:../docs/[ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸]) Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Documentation Project, freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�, Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ„Đ¾Đ½ и Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ�
+
+ДлÑ� Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²: http://www.freebsdmall.com/[The FreeBSD Mall]
+
+ДлÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸: http://www.freebsdmall.com/[The FreeBSD Mall]
+
+== link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/administration/[Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ° Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚]
+
+Đ¡Đ²Ñ�зи Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� и ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚-Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€, Đ²ĐµĐ±-Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐµ.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/1996/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/1996/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad8a03d2c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/1996/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (1996)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (1996)
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1996
+
+* *24 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1996* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2-BETA[2.2-BETA]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ² ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2-BETA/RELNOTES.TXT[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ].
+* *13 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1996* FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ… Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ 5ĐœĐ‘ Đ�Đ—Đ£ и Ñ� диÑ�ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ 1.2ĐœĐ‘. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2R/install-media.html[Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸].
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1996
+
+* *15 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1996* Đ’Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.6R/security.html[2.1.6-RELEASE]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ² link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.6R/security.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ].
+* *4 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1996* Đ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/[CVS] FreeBSD Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ°. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� link:../../releases/[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
+
+link:../[News Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/1997/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/1997/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..053b12d473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/1997/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (1997)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+:ftp: ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD
+
+= FreeBSD News Flash! (1996)
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *26 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1997* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/synching.html#CVSUP[CVSup]. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ²Đ¾Đ¹Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ su Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� и Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ: `pkg_add {ftp}/development/CVSup/cvsupit.tgz`
+* *2 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1997* Đ�ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ²ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ "FOOF", Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ… 3.0-current и 2.2-stable и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆÑƒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/synching.html#CVSUP[CVSup], Ñ‚Đ°Đº же, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ°Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° LAND, или уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ² link:{ftp}/2.2.5-RELEASE/updates/f00f.diff.2.2[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸].
+* *1 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1997* Đ�ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ² TCP/IP, Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ²ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ "LAND attack", Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆÑƒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/synching.html#CVSUP[CVSup], Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� 2.2 или 3.0.
+* *1 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1997* Team FreeBSD - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� CPU Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ²Đ·Đ»Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ 64-Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° RSA. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.circle.net/team-freebsd/[Team FreeBSD].
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *21 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1997* _Pentium bug_ -- Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Pentium "F00F", ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đº Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Intel Đ½Đ°Đ´ ĐµÑ‘ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° у Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ здеÑ�ÑŒ, Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ announce@FreeBSD.org и Đ² Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Usenet news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce]. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¿ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* *9 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1997* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶Ñƒ и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.wccdrom.com/titles/os/fbsd25.htm.
+
+== Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *22 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1997* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD 2.2.5. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:{ftp}/2.2.5-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 2.2.5.
+
+== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *1 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1997* FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ° Ñ�ебÑ� Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² http://techweb.cmp.com/internetwk/reviews/rev0901.htm[Đ¾Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€Đµ] Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� WWW-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Internet Week.
+
+== Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 1997
+
+* *11 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1997* Đ˜Ñ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ из Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ° Duke University Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° http://www.cs.duke.edu/ari/index.html[Trapeze Project] Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ Myrinet Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ. Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Trapeze Project и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ, Collaborative Cluster Computing Iniative, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Myrinet, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° http://www.cs.duke.edu/ari/index.html[WWW-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ] CCCI.
+* *3 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1997* Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Netscape Communications Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ±ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Netscape Communicator v4.0 for FreeBSD. Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ� FTP Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у ftp://ftp.netscape.com/pub/communicator/4.03/4.03b8/english/unix/freebsd/base_install/[ftp.netscape.com] или Ñ� ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ».
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *22 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1997* MacIP, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑˆĐ»Ñ�Đ· AppleTalk-Đ²-IP Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Đ» Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¿ Đ±ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ http://www.promo.de/pub/people/stefan/netatalk/ или ftp://ftp.promo.de/pub/people/stefan/netatalk/.
+* *17 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1997* Đ’Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ ВеÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° FreeBSD Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ link:{ftp}/doc/newsletter/issue1.pdf[Adobe PDF] (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾ link:{ftp}/doc/newsletter/issue1.pdf[FTP]). Đ•Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ link:{ftp}/doc/newsletter/README.TXT[Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸], Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹, Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ° PDF. Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ° и Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� newsletter@FreeBSD.org.
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *17 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1997* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD link:{ftp}/2.2.2-RELEASE/[2.2.2-RELEASE]; Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+== ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 1997
+
+* *16 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1997* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° FreeBSD link:{ftp}/2.2.2-RELEASE/[2.2.2-RELEASE]. link:{ftp}/2.2.2-RELEASE/RELNOTES.TXT[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] и link:{ftp}/FreeBSD2.2.2-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+* *12 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1997* Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² 3.0-Current Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/. Đ¡Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ 3.0-SNAP Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾, Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ¼ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñƒ Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�.
+
+== Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *28 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1997* Đ”ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² 3.0-current Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ SMP. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ http://www.FreeBSD.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html[SMP].
+* *22 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1997* Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² RELENG_2.2 Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у ftp://releng22.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/[ftp://releng22.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ ftp://releng22.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/README.TXT[README.TXT].
+* *15 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1997* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� FreeBSD 2.2.1-RELEASE. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.wccdrom.com/titles/os/fbsd22.htm.
+
+== ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 1997
+
+* *28 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1997* Sony Computer Science Laboratory, Inc. Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ„Đ°-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� ALTQ/CBQ, Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² BSD Unix. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html[Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�] и ftp://ftp.csl.sony.co.jp/pub/kjc/altq.tar.gz[иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´].
+* *25 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1997* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° FreeBSD link:{ftp}/2.2.1-RELEASE/[2.2.1-RELEASE], Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� 2.2-RELEASE. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ link:{ftp}/2.2.1-RELEASE/README.TXT[README.TXT] и link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.1R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ].
+* *16 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1997* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:{ftp}/2.2-RELEASE/[FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ link:{ftp}/2.2-RELEASE/README.TXT[README.TXT] и link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ].
+
+== Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *20 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1997* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° FreeBSD 2.1.7-RELEASE. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ README.TXT или Đ² link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.7R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ].
+* *10 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1997* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° FreeBSD 3.0-970209-SNAP. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ README.TXT.
+* *6 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1997* Đ‘Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ� FreeBSD 2.1.6 и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ�ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ… -stable, -current и RELENG_2_2. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, FreeBSD 2.1.6 Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ� FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и ĐµÑ‘ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ {ftp}/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-97:01.setlocale[FreeBSD-SA-97:01.setlocale].
+* *6 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1997* Đ’Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»Đ° Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 2.2-GAMMA. Đ’ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ README.TXT Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�.
+* *2 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1997* Đ’Ñ‹Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½Ñ‘Đ¼ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ²ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Ñ… link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/snapshots.html[Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²] FreeBSD 2.2. ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ ftp://22gamma.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/README.TXT[README.TXT].
+
+== Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 1997
+
+* *25 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1997* Đ’Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD link:{ftp}/3.0-970124-SNAP/[3.0-970124-SNAP]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² link:{ftp}/3.0-970124-SNAP/RELNOTES.TXT[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ].
+
+link:..[News Home]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/1998/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/1998/_index.adoc
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+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (1998)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (1998)
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *28 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, из Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ -CURRENT Đº Đ²ĐµÑ‡ĐµÑ€Ñƒ 15 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999 Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° FreeBSD 3.0. Đ’Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° 3.1 Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· 30 Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹, 15 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999. Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ *Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ*.
+* *13 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* Walnut Creek CDROM Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ» Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSD Mall], Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ или Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ или уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ¸ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· FreeBSD Mall, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� BSDi.
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *30 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.8R/announce.html[FreeBSD 2.2.8]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.8R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Ñ� 2.2.8.
+* *26 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* http://www.freebsdrocks.com/[FreeBSD Rocks] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeeBSD Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ и Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ², Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°, Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ³Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�щуÑ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹. Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾ и Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ, Đ²Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ FreeBSDRocks.
+
+== Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *15 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.0R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.0]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.0R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Ñ� 3.0.
+
+== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *15 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* Đ�Đ° 15 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼ BETA Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° 3.0-CURRENT. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ�е Đ¼Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ (Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹) Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° 3.0 Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ½Đ° 15 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ 30-Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�, Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºÑ‚Đ¾-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ или ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ 3.0-CURRENT, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ идее BETA (Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ :).
+* *13 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Common Access Method ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� SCSI Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD wĐ¾Đ½ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ² 3.0-CURRENT Đ² Đ²Đ¾Ñ�ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐµ, 13 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ�. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² CAM Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹ Đº Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¾ CAM.
+* *9 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* Perl5 Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² 3.0-CURRENT.
+* *5 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* http://visar.csustan.edu/[BSD CD Giveaway List]. Đ•Ñ�ли у ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº (Đ´Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼), Đ¾Đ½ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº. Đ Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ и ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ°Đ¼ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº.
+* *1 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1998* Đ’Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ² Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Daemon News. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ» Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ BSD и Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° BSD. Đ�Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° http://www.daemonnews.org/
+
+== Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 1998
+
+* *31 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1998* Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD -CURRENT (Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ°Ñ� 3.0-RELEASE) Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑˆĐ»Đ° Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ° a.out Đ½Đ° ELF. Đ’Ñ�е, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ; Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ¾. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´Đµ Đº Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñƒ ELF Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/[freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org].
+* *23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1998* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° suidcontrol-0.1. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ suid/sgid Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.watson.org/fbsd-hardening/suidcontrol.html
+* *9 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1998* Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ FreeBSD Security How-To. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ´Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.best.com/~jkb/howto.txt
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+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 1998
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+* *22 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1998* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° FreeBSD 2.2.7. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.7-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT[иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Ñ� 2.2.7.
+* *16 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1998* Đ‘Ñ‹Đ» Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ``FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Linux''. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº link:../../docproj/current[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+* *13 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1998* mailto:jkh@FreeBSD.org[Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ¥Đ°Đ±Đ±Đ°Ñ€Đ´] (Jordan Hubbard) Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» http://editorials.freshmeat.net/jordan980713/[Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ] Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ и Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Unix.
+* *9 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1998* Đ’ Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… http://www.es.FreeBSD.org/es/[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�] Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ link:{faq}[FAQ] Đ½Đ° http://www.es.FreeBSD.org/es/[иÑ�Đ¿Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº]. Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° link:../../docproj/translations/[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ²].
+
+== ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 1998
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+* *30 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1998* FreeBSD и Apache иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² http://www.WebTechniques.com/features/1998/05/engelschall/engelschall.shtml[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐµ] Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ²ĐµĐ±-ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ round-robin DNS Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ http://www.WebTechniques.com/[WEBTechniques.com].
+* *23 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1998* Đ’Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº ВеÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° FreeBSD Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/newsletter/issue2.pdf[Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Adobe PDF] (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/newsletter/issue2.pdf[FTP]). Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/newsletter/README.TXT[Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸], ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đµ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ° PDF. Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸, Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ° и Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� newsletter@FreeBSD.org.
+* *1 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1998* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñƒ link:{handbook}#ANONCVS[Anonymous CVS] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD CVS]. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ FreeBSD без Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� CVS Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ "Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ" Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đ¼ из Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… anoncvs-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD.
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+== Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 1998
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+* *16 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1998* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶Ñƒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ из 4 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD 2.2.6, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ и Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�делал Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.wccdrom.com/.
+* *11 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1998* Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD FreeBSD Mozilla Group. FreeBSD Mozilla Group Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ и Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€ Đ¾Ñ‚ Netscape, Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº http://www.mozilla.org/[Mozilla].
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+== ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 1998
+
+* *25 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1998* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° FreeBSD 2.2.6. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.6-RELEASE/ERRATA.TXT[иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Ñ� 2.2.6.
+
+== Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+
+* *8 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1998* Đ”Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Plug-n-Play Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ 3.0-CURRENT и 2.2-STABLE. Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñƒ link:{handbook}#CVSUP[CVSup] или Đ² Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ² Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD[current.FreeBSD.org]
+
+link:..[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹]]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/1999/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/1999/_index.adoc
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@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (1999)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (1999)
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *30 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:groudier@FreeBSD.org[Gerard Roudier] (Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Symbios SCSI)
+* *20 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.4R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.4]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.4R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 3.4.
+* *18 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:rwatson@FreeBSD.org[Robert Watson] (Coda, POSIX.1e, ACL/ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ°/Đ�ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚/MAC, Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹ FFS, Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°/Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Jail, и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� IPFW/BPF)
+* *16 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ£Đ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: James Raynard, _"Đ¯ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Đ» Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ�Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ у Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ FreeBSD, Đ° Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ даже "Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸" Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ� Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²"._ ĐœÑ‹ Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ Đ”Đ¶ĐµĐ¹Đ¼Ñ�Đ° Đ·Đ° Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� и уÑ�илиÑ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ½ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
++
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:asmodai@FreeBSD.org[Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, mdoc, Đ½Đ¸Đ·ĐºĐ¾ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‹ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Ñƒ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²)
+* *15 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:jedgar@FreeBSD.org[Chris D. Faulhaber]
+* *14 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:nbm@FreeBSD.org[Neil Blakey-Milner] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+
+== Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *24 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� http://www.freebsdcon.org/[FreeBSD Con] '99 Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ»Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ…! Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 350 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ, и Đ²Ñ�е, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¹. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ http://www.wccdrom.com/[Walnut Creek CDROM] Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñƒ http://www.mckusick.com/[Marshall Kirk McKusick] Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ²Đµ Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½ĐµĐ¼ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° и Ñ€ĐµÑ‡ÑŒ http://www.mckusick.com/history/index.html[Đ˜Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� BSD] Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+* *10 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:joe@FreeBSD.org[Josef Karthauser]
+
+== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *27 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:nakai@FreeBSD.org[Yukihiro Nakai] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *26 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:dan@FreeBSD.org[Dan Moschuk] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *17 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.3R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.3]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.3R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 3.3.
+* *8 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹: mailto:bp@FreeBSD.org[Boris Popov] (Netware) и mailto:wsanchez@FreeBSD.org[Wilfredo Sanchez] (Đ¡Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD / Apple Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Darwin)
+* *5 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:jmas@FreeBSD.org[Jose M. Alcaide] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� / ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº)
+* *3 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹: mailto:imura@FreeBSD.org[R. Imura] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ / KDE), mailto:andy@FreeBSD.org[Andrey Zakhvatov] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� / ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° руÑ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº) и mailto:gioria@FreeBSD.org[Sebastien Gioria] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� / ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ†ÑƒĐ·Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº)
+* *2 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:phantom@FreeBSD.org[Alexey Zelkin] (Đ›Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�; Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�; Đ ÑƒÑ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´)
+
+== Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 1999
+
+* *23 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:jhb@FreeBSD.org[John Baldwin] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+* *11 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹: mailto:alfred@FreeBSD.org[Alfred Perlstein] (SMP) и mailto:jim@FreeBSD.org[Jim Mock] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+* *10 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ‘Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ±ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� http://www.codeforge.com/[C-Forge], Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ C, C++, Perl, Tcl и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¸.
+* *6 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:chris@FreeBSD.org[Chris Costello] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+* *4 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:pho@FreeBSD.org[Peter Holm] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *29 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹: mailto:shin@FreeBSD.org[Yoshinobu Inoue] и mailto:sumikawa@FreeBSD.org[Munechika Sumikawa] (KAME/IPv6)
+* *27 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:mdodd@FreeBSD.org[Matthew N. Dodd] (EISA, PCI, newbus)
+* *14 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:tanimura@FreeBSD.org[Seigo Tanimura] (MIDI)
+* *7 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:cg@FreeBSD.org[Cameron Grant] (PCM)
+* *3 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:marcel@FreeBSD.org[Marcel Moolenaar] (Đ¡Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Linux)
+* *1 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹: mailto:nyan@FreeBSD.org[Takahashi Yoshihiro] (PC98) и mailto:gehenna@FreeBSD.org[Masahide MAEKAWA]
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *30 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹: mailto:lile@FreeBSD.org[Larry Lile] (Token Ring), mailto:dbaker@FreeBSD.org[Daniel Baker] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹) и mailto:deischen@FreeBSD.org[Daniel Eischen]
+* *19 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:cpiazza@FreeBSD.org[Chris Piazza]
+* *18 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:iwasaki@FreeBSD.org[Mitsuru IWASAKI]
+* *17 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:green@FreeBSD.org[Brian Feldman]
+* *14 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:sheldonh@FreeBSD.org[Sheldon Hearn]
+* *10 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� FreeBSD 3.2-RELEASE. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, Đ½Đµ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ¾Đ², Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ’Ñ�е, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ 3.2-RELEASE или Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· http://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSD Mall].
+* *8 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999* Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đµ http://freebsd.itworks.com.au/[Đ°Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD]. Đ�Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ http://www.itworks.com.au/[ITworks Consulting] Đ·Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+== ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 1999
+
+* *28 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:kevlo@FreeBSD.org[Kevin Lo]
+* *27 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:ru@FreeBSD.org[Ruslan Ermilov]
+* *26 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:mtaylor@FreeBSD.org[Mark J. Taylor]
+* *18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 1999* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.2R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.2]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.2R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 3.2.
+
+== Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *30 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:tom@FreeBSD.org[Tom Hukins] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+* *22 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/tutorials/docproj-primer/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ…] (Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/tutorials/[Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đ¹]), Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ link:../../docproj/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�].
+* *15 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:dick@FreeBSD.org[Richard Seaman]
+* *13 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:mharo@FreeBSD.org[Michael Haro]
+
+== ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 1999
+
+* *30 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:nsayer@FreeBSD.org[Nick Sayer]
+* *10 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:jasone@FreeBSD.org[Jason Evans]
+* *5 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1999* http://www.usenix.org/[USENIX Association] Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ° http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix99/[1999 USENIX Annual Technical Conference], ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� 6 Đ¿Đ¾ 11 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999 Đ² ĐœĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹, CA, USA. Đ�Đ°Ñˆ Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ¥Đ°Đ±Đ±Đ°Ñ€Đ´ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ FREENIX, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+* *2 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:taoka@FreeBSD.org[Satoshi TAOKA] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *1 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у: http://www.freebsdmall.com/donate/.
+* *1 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� FreeBSD 3.1-RELEASE Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶Ñƒ. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ. ДлÑ� Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.wccdrom.com/.
+
+== Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *25 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:shige@FreeBSD.org[Shigeyuki FUKUSHIMA]
+* *23 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:alc@FreeBSD.org[Alan Cox] (VM)
+* *19 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:kris@FreeBSD.org[Kris Kennaway]
+* *17 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Gartner Group Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚, _Divorcing Thin Server Software from the Hardware_, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€Ñ‹Đ½ĐºĐµ OEM Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ и Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹.
+* *15 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.1R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.1]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:&base;/releases/index.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.1R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 3.1.
+* *4 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.freebsddiary.org/[FreeBSD Diary], Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ², Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² Unix.
+* *3 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:dcs@FreeBSD.org[Daniel Sobral] (Đ—Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸Đº)
+
+== Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 1999
+
+* *21 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:roger@FreeBSD.org[Roger Hardiman] (Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� bt8x8)
+* *20 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999* 3.0-STABLE Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ -CURRENT. Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ 3.1-RELEASE, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đµ Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 1999.
+* *15 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:gallatin@FreeBSD.org[Andrew Gallatin] (Alpha)
+* *13 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999* http://www.freebsdzine.org/[FreeBSD ezine] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… (Đ½Đ° Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ�) Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ же, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹.
+* *10 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ”Đ¾ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´ Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ¥Đ°Đ±Đ±Đ°Ñ€Đ´Đ° "link:../sou1999[ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ дел Đ² Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�зе]", Đ²Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ°Đ´ Đ² 1998, и Đ¾Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ².
+* *2 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:simokawa@FreeBSD.org[Hidetoshi Shimokawa] (Alpha / ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+
+link:..[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/2000/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/2000/_index.adoc
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index 0000000000..0b07702743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/2000/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (2000)"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD! (2000)
+
+== Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *28 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:sf@FreeBSD.org[FUJISHIMA Satsuki] (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *6 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:clive@FreeBSD.org[Clive T. Lin]
+* *4 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹: mailto:chm@FreeBSD.org[Christoph Herrmann] и mailto:tomsoft@FreeBSD.org[Thomas-Henning von Kamptz] (ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° growfs)
+* *1 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:iedowse@FreeBSD.org[Ian Dowse]
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *30 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�у Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³ link:../../platforms/[platforms]. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Đ½Đ° Alpha, IA-64, PowerPC и SPARC.
+* *22 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.2R/announce.html[FreeBSD 4.2]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.2R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ], Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 4.2.
+* *22 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ˜ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:roam@FreeBSD.org[Peter Pentchev] (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *13 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ•Ñ‰Ñ‘ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:okazaki@FreeBSD.org[OKAZAKI Tetsurou] (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *13 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ•Ñ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:kiri@FreeBSD.org[Kazuhiko Kiriyama] (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *13 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:demon@FreeBSD.org[Dmitry Sivachenko] (Đ’ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *12 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ•Ñ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:issei@FreeBSD.org[Issei Suzuki] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *6 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ•Ñ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:keith@FreeBSD.org[Jing-Tang Keith Jang] (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ из ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ chinese)
+* *2 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:benno@FreeBSD.org[Benno Rice] (ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ PowerPC и Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸Đº /boot/loader Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ OpenFirmware)
+
+== Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *26 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ•Ñ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:DougB@FreeBSD.org[Doug Barton] (mergemaster и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ)
+* *26 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:gad@FreeBSD.org[Garance A Drosehn] (lpr и иже Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼)
+* *18 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* *Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�лиÑ�ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ FreeBSD (Core Team)!* Đ§Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ link:../../press/press-rel-5[Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+* *16 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:jon@FreeBSD.org[Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ Đ§ĐµĐ½] (Jonathan Chen) (newcard cardbus)
+* *3 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ http://www.bsdcon.com/schedule.php3[Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ] ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ http://www.bsdcon.com/[BSDCon]. BSDCon - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ BSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� 14-20 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� Đ² ĐœĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐµ, Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* *2 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* mailto:dfr@FreeBSD.org[Doug Rabson] Ñ�делал Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² -CURRENT Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ IA64. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-ia64 Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+* *1 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:trevor@FreeBSD.org[Trevor Johnson] (Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ audio)
+* *1 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:jeh@FreeBSD.org[James Housley] (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ RTEMS. Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ� Đ² IPv6)
+* *1 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:lioux@FreeBSD.org[MĂ¡rio SĂ©rgio Fujikawa Ferreira]
+
+== Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *29 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ¡ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ� http://www.terasolutions.com/[Tera Solutions, Inc.] и Lighting Internet Services http://www.terasolutions.com/pr092900.html[Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸], Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ² Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐŸĐ� ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/[ftp.freesoftware.com] (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đº ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org[ftp.FreeBSD.org]) Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ�или Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½ĐºÑƒ Đ² Đ´Đ²Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ (*Đ´Đ²Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°*) Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ´ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ� Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°
+* *27 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1.1R/announce.html[FreeBSD 4.1.1]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1.1R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ], Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 4.1.1.
+* *21 Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:bmilekic@FreeBSD.org[Bosko Milekic]
+
+== Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 2000
+
+* *22 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:bmah@FreeBSD.org[Bruce A. Mah] (Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, pkg_version, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *15 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:rv@FreeBSD.org[Rajesh Vaidheeswarran] (ports/devel/cons)
+* *5 Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ° 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:onoe@FreeBSD.org[Atsushi Onoe] (Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ awi)
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *27 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1R/announce.html[FreeBSD 4.1]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ], Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 4.1.
+* *12 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:marko@FreeBSD.org[Mark Ovens]
+* *11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:kbyanc@FreeBSD.org[Kelly Yancey]
+* *11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:dwmalone@FreeBSD.org[David Malone]
+* *11 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:non@FreeBSD.org[Noriaki Mitsunaga] (PC-Card)
+* *10 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:ben@FreeBSD.org[Ben Smithurst] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+* *8 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:dannyboy@FreeBSD.org[Daniel Harris] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+* *7 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:takawata@FreeBSD.org[Takanori Watanabe] (ACPI)
+* *6 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:hrs@FreeBSD.org[Hiroki Sato] (Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+* *5 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:horikawa@FreeBSD.org[Kazuo Horikawa (Đ�Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ)]
+* *3 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:adrian@FreeBSD.org[Adrian Chadd]
+
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *30 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000* Đ¡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://freshports.org/ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½ Đ´Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreshPorts 1.1. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹/Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹/ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ²Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� FreshPorts, Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ уÑ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ….
+* *29 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ http://www.tucows.com/[Tucows] Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� http://bsd.tucows.com/[Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» BSD].
+* *26 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:akiyama@FreeBSD.org[Shunsuke Akiyama] (Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ°)
+* *24 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.5R/announce.html[FreeBSD 3.4]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.5R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 3.5.
+* *20 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:sanpei@FreeBSD.org[MIHIRA Sanpei Yoshiro] (PC-Card)
++
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:cokane@FreeBSD.org[Coleman Kane] (3dfx voodoo Đ´Đ»Ñ� glide/Mesa)
+* *19 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:cjh@FreeBSD.org[CHOI Junho] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *8 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000* Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ¥Đ°Đ±Đ±Đ°Ñ€Đ´ (Jordan Hubbard) и Đ£Đ¾Ñ€Đ½ĐµÑ€ Đ›Đ¾Ñˆ (Warner Losh) Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ² Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ¾ иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²: BSD BOF Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐµ Networld+Interop 2000 Tokyo (8-Đ³Đ¾), Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đµ JUS Đ² Tokyo (9-Đ³Đ¾), Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ NBUG Đ² Đ�Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ¹Đµ (10-Đ³Đ¾) и Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đµ K*BUG Đ² Đ�Ñ�Đ°ĐºĐµ (10-Đ³Đ¾). ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/.
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� http://docs.freebsd.org/doc/9.0-RELEASE/usr/share/doc/freebsd/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/dialup-firewall/index.html[иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ PPP, natd и ipfw] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñƒ PPP.
++
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:alex@FreeBSD.org[Alexander Langer] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+* *6 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2000* Đ‘Ñ‹Đ» Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/conspectus/[Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD], Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ `-stable` Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�.
+
+== ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 2000
+
+* *19 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:cp@FreeBSD.org[Chuck Paterson] (SMP)
+* *18 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2000* Đ’Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ² Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚ link:{handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD]. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ебе ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�, Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSDMall] или http://www.osd.bsdi.com/[Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ BSDi].
+* *15 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:jake@FreeBSD.org[Jake Burkholder] (Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹)
+* *14 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2000* Đ’Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ² Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº #04 Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° http://www.freebsdzine.org/[The FreeBSD 'zine].
+* *9 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2000* http://freshports.org/[Freshports]: Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚, Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ° http://freshmeat.net/[Freshmeat], Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ FreeBSD, и Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ``Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�'' Đ·Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+== Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *16 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 2000* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸: *freebsd-i18n* (Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD) и *freebsd-ppc* (ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ PowerPC)
+* *4 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:murray@FreeBSD.org[Murray Stokely] (sysinstall)
+
+== ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 2000
+
+* *22 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:knu@FreeBSD.org[Akinori MUSHA] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *21 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000* mailto:unfurl@FreeBSD.org[Bill Swingle] (Билл Đ¡Đ²Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ») Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ» http://www.32bitsonline.com/article.php3?file=issues/200003/bsdports&page=1[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾ Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹] Đ´Đ»Ñ� http://www.32bitsonline.com/[32bitsonline.com]
+* *20 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:will@FreeBSD.org[Will Andrews] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *15 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000* Đ’Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ² Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° http://www.freebsdzine.org/[The FreeBSD 'zine].
+* *13 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000* Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.0R/announce.html[FreeBSD 4.0]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…]. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.0R/errata.html[иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� 4.0.
+* *9 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000* Đ¡Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ http://www.wccdrom.com/[Walnut Creek CDROM] и http://www.BSDI.com/[BSDI]! ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ link:../../press/press-rel-4/[Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ].
+
+== Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *26 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:ume@FreeBSD.org[Hajimu UMEMOTO] (IPv6)
+* *23 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:ps@FreeBSD.org[Paul Saab]
+* *22 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2000* http://www.32bitsonline.com/[32BitsOnline.com] Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ» http://www.32bitsonline.com/article.php3?file=issues/200002/fbsd34&page=1[Đ¾Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€] FreeBSD 3.4 by mailto:csmith@medullas.com[Clifford Smith] Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€. Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ·Đ¾Ñ€.
+* *18 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:bsd@FreeBSD.org[Brian S Dean] (ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ IA32 Đ½Đ° ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�/Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ…)
+* *17 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº http://www.freebsdzine.org/[The FreeBSD 'zine] Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ» 15 Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�ла. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ 7 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ²; Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹. Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚.
+* *10 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2000* mailto:mwlucas@blackhelicopters.org[Michael Lucas] Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ� http://www.linux.com/featured_articles/20000210/282/[Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�] Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ BSD и GPL. Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
++
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹: mailto:gsutter@FreeBSD.org[Greg Sutter] и mailto:unfurl@FreeBSD.org[Bill Swingle] (Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�)
+
+== Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2000
+
+* *22 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ¡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.freebsddiary.org/[FreeBSD Diary], Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº Ñ� FreeBSD, Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°. Đ”Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¾Đ½ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ±Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½. Đ’Ñ�лед Đ·Đ° Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼. Đ�Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² и Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº, Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ NetBSD, OpenBSD и Linux.
+* *13 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:wilko@FreeBSD.org[Wilko Bulte]
+* *4 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ’ Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ http://www.testdrive.compaq.com/[Compaq Testdrive] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD 4.0-20000101-CURRENT, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ… Alpha XP1000 EV6.7. Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ 667ĐœĐ“Ñ† и Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ�Đ—Đ£. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ (Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ бÑ�Đ´Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�), Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đµ, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ³Ñ€ÑƒÑˆĐµĐº, Ñ†ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹. Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Proliant 5500 Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Xeon 450MHz и DPW500a.
+* *3 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:patrick@FreeBSD.org[Patrick Gardella] (JDK/WWW)
+* *2 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:ade@FreeBSD.org[Ade Lovett] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+* *1 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2000* Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: mailto:reg@FreeBSD.org[Jeremy Lea] (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹)
+
+link:..[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81fd6f1bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+[.right]
+image:../../gifs/news.jpg[Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD]
+
+== ĐœĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+* *link:newsflash[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD]*: Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹, Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+* *link:../press/pressreleases[ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹]*: ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹.
+* *link:../press[Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�е]*: Đ£Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ….
+* *link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/[Đ�тчёт Đ¾ Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ�Đ°Ñ…]*: Đ�Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ�е Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD (Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ· Đ² Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†Đ°).
+
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+* *http://slashdot.org/bsd/[Раздел BSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Slashdot]*: Đ¡Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ BSD, и Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ FreeBSD.
+* *http://www.bsdnews.org/[BSDnews]*: Đ�Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ», Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° BSD.
+* *http://www.daemonnews.org/[Daemon News]*: Đ•Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ и ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� BSD.
+* *http://www.daemonnews.org/newsletter/[Really-Quick(tm) NewsLetter]*: Đ�Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¹, еÑ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸.
+* *http://www.freebsddiary.org/[FreeBSD Diary]*: Đ—Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐºĐ° Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ… и Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ� FreeBSD.
+* *http://www.onlamp.com/bsd/[BSD DevCenter]*: Đ•Đ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ» ONLamp.com/O'Reilly Network Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ BSD, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đ¹ или Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°.
+* *http://www.bsdvault.net[BSD Vault]*: Веб-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ», Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° BSD.
+* *http://bsdfreak.org[BSD Freak]*: Đ¡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� BSD и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đ¹, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�.
+* *http://www.kerneltrap.org[Kerneltrap]*: Đ•Đ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD и Linux.
+* *http://www.osnews.com[OSNews]*: Đ•Đ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾ Linux, BSD и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ….
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/newsflash.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/newsflash.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7d4fa3776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/newsflash.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD News Flash"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: true
+---
+
+= FreeBSD News Flash
+
+[.right]
+image:../../../gifs/news.jpg[FreeBSD News]
+
+FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹. Đ‘Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�е Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ±Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾! Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐµ. ĐœĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ·Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° https://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-announce] или иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ link:../feed.xml[RSS].
+
+Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, Đº ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Ñ….
+
+* link:../../java[Java(R) Đ½Đ° FreeBSD]
+* http://freebsd.kde.org/[KDE Đ½Đ° FreeBSD]
+* link:../../gnome[GNOME Đ½Đ° FreeBSD]
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Ñ‹Ñ…, Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… и Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../releases[*Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…*].
+
+Đ‘Ñ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../../security/#adv[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ‘ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/news/sou1999.adoc b/website/content/ru/news/sou1999.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8e3f43755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/news/sou1999.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD, 1999"
+sidenav: about
+loadNews: false
+---
+
+= Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD, 1999
+
+_Đ�Ñ‚ Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ¥Đ°Đ±Đ±Đ°Ñ€Đ´Đ° <jkh@FreeBSD.ORG>, Đ²Đ¾Ñ�ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐµ, 10 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°._
+
+Đ˜Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ÑŒÑ�, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ³Đ¾Đ´ и Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ дел Đ² Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�зе!
+
+Đ�Ñ…Đ¼... Đ¯ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ° ÑƒĐ¼ Đ¼Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¡Đ¨Đ�, Ñ�идÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ и Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° ĐºÑƒĐºÑƒÑ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ и Đ¿Đ¾-Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, или, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ²Đ° Đ�Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Đ·Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ ÑƒĐ½Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đµ и Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ дела Đ² Đ‘Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ и Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼. Đ�Đ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾, Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñƒ, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ и Đ½Đµ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ²Đ°. Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´Ñƒ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đº и Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ… Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… (и Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ…), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� 1998 Đ³Đ¾Đ´.
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+1998 Đ±Ñ‹Đ», ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Internet Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ» Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ (Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾), Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ "ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¶ĐµÑ€Ñ‹" (ÑˆÑƒÑ‚ĐºĐ°) Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‡Đµ, Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD, Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ ftp, Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ 200-300%. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ½Ñƒ FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Ñ�ебÑ� FreeBSD, Đ° Đ¼Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đº Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ PR-Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹, Đ²Ñ�е Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ же Ñ…Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ и Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ…Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ�делал ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚. Đ’Ñ�е ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đ³Đ¾Đ´ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, и Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ даже Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ¸Đº из Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ² - ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�, Microsoft Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đµ, Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ и Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹, Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½ÑŒ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ°.
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+Đ�у, Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ¼ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ²Ñ�е и Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾. Đ¡Đ½Ñ�Đ² Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµĐºÑƒĐ½Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Ñ€Đ¾Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸, Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ ÑƒÑ…Đ°Đ±Ñ‹ и Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ли Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�, Đ½ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ·Ñ� Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ€Ñ‹Đ½Đ¾Đº CD Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ²Ñ�зи Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Internet, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Đ»Đ¾ CD Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Ñ‚. ĐœÑ‹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�дели Đ½Đ° Ñ„Đ¾Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Ñ‹Đ½ĐºĐ°, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ³Đ»ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ° ÑˆĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° (Đ² 1998 Đ¼Ñ‹, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ² Đ´Đ²Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD.org и Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ уÑ�илили Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ $$$). Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Đ¸Đ´Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Walnut Creek CDROM Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ³Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD, Đ° Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¸, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ…Đµ FreeBSD. ĐœÑ‹ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ, Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ¾Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¹, иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ�Đ½Ñ‚ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Đ°Đ·Đ¼Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ².
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+ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼, Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° http://www.freebsdmall.com[FreeBSD Mall] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� FreeBSD, и Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ¸ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�зи Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ PR-ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€ĐµĐ¿ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD (Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´: Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ :). Đ’Ñ�е Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾, Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ… Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµÑ�е Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ° 10% Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ½Đ° 90% Đ½ĐµĐ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‡ĐºĐ¸, и, Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ²Ñ�е же Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и ÑˆĐ°Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾ Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼-Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ² Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�делали Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ² Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đº (и Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�), Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е же Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°Ñ�ÑƒĐµĐ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ·Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ° ĐµÑ€ÑƒĐ½Đ´Ñƒ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚. ĐŸĐ»Đ¾Ñ…Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ¸! Đ‘Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ¸! :-)
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+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ же Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ² 1999? Đ�у, Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ»Ñ‹ÑˆĐ°Đ» Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ²Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐµ ("Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¸! Đ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ _Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¸_!!"), и Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑˆĐ¸Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ½Đ¸Đ¼, Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ³Đ¾Đ´ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ†Đ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ² (ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»), Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ ("FreeBSD и NT", "FreeBSD и Solaris", "FreeBSD и Linux", и Ñ‚Đ´.) и Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. ĐœÑ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ÑˆÑ‚ÑƒÑ‡ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đº, Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ»ĐµĐµĐº, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„ÑƒÑ‚Đ±Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đº и Ñ‚Đ´., Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Ñ�Đ´Ñ�Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ� "Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½ FreeBSD". Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ´ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ³ Đ½Đ° PR, Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼, Đ½Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đµ, ĐºÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ ÑˆÑ‚ÑƒĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ�ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ² Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đµ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ бÑ�Đ´Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ.
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+== Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²:
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+1998 Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ� ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ»Đ¾ Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ¸ĐºĐ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒĐ½Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´ Đ½Đ° -current, Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¶Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€ÑƒĐ±Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ и Đ²Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ»Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ из иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ�е ĐµÑ‰Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ и без Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ -current Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ². Đ˜Ñ… Đ¶Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸, Đ² Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đµ, Đº Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ�у Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹, Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ²Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ли Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ° Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ±Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ°, и ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ»Đ° ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Ñ€Đ³ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ. Đ˜Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ¾Đ±Đ¼ĐµĐ½ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ "ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ", Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� (или, еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ� здеÑ�ÑŒ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ :-). и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… из Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¾, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ…ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¸. Đ˜ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đº Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ»Đ¸ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾?
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+Đ’Đ¾-Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…, Ñ� Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ�, Đ²Ñ�е Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼, Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸ Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ’Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ или ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ…-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ из иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°, Đ”Đ�ЛЖЕĐ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ -current, -stable или -announce (Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ делаÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹), Đ´Đ°Đ² Đ¸Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Đ¸Đº, Đ¾Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ´Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€, Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ½Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ° Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� или Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� абÑ�Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ±ĐµĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Ñ€Đ³ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ² ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Ñƒ. Đ•Ñ�ли же Ñ€ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� или Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚. Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸Đº Đ²Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đº ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ или Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
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+Đ’Đ¾-Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ…, Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ²Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ее Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¼Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚. Đ’ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Ñ�Ñ‚ и Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹Đ´ÑƒÑ‚ из Đ½ĐµĐµ, еÑ�ли Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ ÑƒĐ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ°Đ´ĐµĐºĐ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ°Ñ…, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ из Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ½Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ из Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ². и Ñ�, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, и Đ½ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đº Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ° "ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹", Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ же Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ из Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² и Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹.
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+ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°, и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ±Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đµ, и Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾-Đ½Đ¸Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾. Đ”ĐµĐ½ÑŒ, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¼Ñ‹ ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�ту Đ½ĐµÑ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ°Ñ‚Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ„ĐµÑ€Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ… Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đµ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ²Đ¾Đ·ÑŒĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ� ÑˆĐ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñƒ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸.
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+Đ¯ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¾Đ± идее Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ из Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ или ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº "ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ°", ĐºĐ°Đº Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ и Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸ Đ·Đ²ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ»Đ°. Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ�ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¿ÑƒĐ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾ и Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ла Đ¿ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Ñ�Đ³ ĐµĐ²Đ°Đ½Đ³ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²/Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´Đ¸ĐºĐµ.
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+Đ’ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼, Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¸Đ³Ñ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ» ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ· Đ·Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ или Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ¶Đ´Đ°Đ» ли Đ¾Đ½ Đ² Đ�Đ»Đ¸Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� 3 Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Ñ�Đ´, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�ебÑ�: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµÑ‚ ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´ или Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ? Đ‘ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ ли Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼Đ° ее Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹?" Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле, ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸, Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ из Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹. ĐœÑ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ³Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐºĐ°, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ или иÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ�уÑ� Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, и Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ (Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ¼Đ¸), Đ½Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ и ÑƒĐ±ĐµĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ½ Đ²Ñ�е ĐµÑ‰Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ½Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Đ°Ñ…. ĐœÑ‹ Đ¸Đ·Đ±ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ² Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ³Đ»ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, еÑ�ли Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ¼ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ�труÑ� и Ñ‚Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� у Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, и Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ же Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚.
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+Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đµ-ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… ĐºÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ "Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹". ĐœÑ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼, Đ½Đ¾, Đ² Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ… Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ…, Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ½ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Đ·Ñ�Đ¸Đ½ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾ ли Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� ÑƒĐ½Đ¸Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ из-Đ·Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ или Đ¸Đ·Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸ и Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ². Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ�е ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� и Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ÑŒ Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ² ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
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+== Đ�ÑƒĐ¼ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²:
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+Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸ĐºĐµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� "Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑˆĐ¸Ñ…" Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº, Đ° "Đ¼Đ»Đ°Đ´ÑˆĐ¸Ñ…" Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ°-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ делаÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ 3.1, Đ° Đ½Đµ 3.0.1, и Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� 4.0-current, Đ° Đ½Đµ 3.1-current. Đ¯Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼? Đ’Đ¾Đ²Ñ�е Đ½ĐµÑ‚, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đº Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¼ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
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+ĐœÑ‹ Đ·Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�туÑ� делали Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ "Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ°-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸", Đ¿Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° 2.2.5->2.2.6 и 2.2.6->2.2.7 Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Đ»Đ¾, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ� Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐ°Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² и Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ уÑ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� _ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾_ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼, Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ² ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ Đ¾Đ½ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�.
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+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ� Ñ‡ÑƒĐ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ� Ñ�ебÑ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾, Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ 3.1 Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ "Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼", Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ 3.0, Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ "3.0.1", ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 12-18 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ², Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ ÑƒĐ±Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ, ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии (4.0) Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ¾ 2000 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ»Ñ�Đ´Ñ�Đ¼, Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡ÑƒĐ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ебÑ� Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ и Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ� ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½Ñƒ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ, Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ¶ĐµĐ¼, Đ² 3.2 Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� 3.1 и Đ² 3.1.1 Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� 3.1 (Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹). Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ у Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½ÑƒĐ¼ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ°-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ². Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ� и Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµĐ¼. 3.0.1 ÑƒĐ¼ĐµÑ€Đ»Đ°, Đ´Đ° Đ·Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ 3.1! :)
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+== Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸:
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+Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ»Ñ�дали уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑˆĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ ELF Ñ� Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ° a.out и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ /usr/bin/ld Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¿Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸Đº (Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ° Đ¤Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚!) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ "Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°" Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ°, Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² 1999, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�щуÑ�Ñ�Ñ� и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Ñ�Ñ�щуÑ�Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ.
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+Đ�ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ·Ñ� Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ SCSI CAM, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² SCSI, или Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ² Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ x86. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�делали Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ ÑˆĐ°Đ³ Đ²Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· 3.0, Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ† Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ½ÑƒĐ² Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ¹ Alpha, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° или Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ /usr/src. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº "Đ¿Đ¾-Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ" Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ, и Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² 1999 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD/axp Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ° (Đ½Đµ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ� ÑƒĐ¶ Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ…), Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ X Window Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ÑƒÑ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñƒ Alpha Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ еÑ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ° ARC или AlphaBIOS. Đ’ 1999 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ SPARC, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� ĐµÑ‰Đµ Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ sparc@FreeBSD.org, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�е Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
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+Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ IPv6 и IPSec Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² 1998 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ, Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ· Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹-Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ…ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ². Đ� Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ…, Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° "Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ" Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ° Ñ�ебÑ� и Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ²Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… "ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…" Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹, KAME и INRIA, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†Đ¾Đ² Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ’ Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� и Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº из Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿ KAME/INRIA Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
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+Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ VM-Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ и ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ² Đ¼Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ… (Dillon/Dyson/Greenman), Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ 4.0, Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ° 15 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 1999. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº, Ñ‚Đ¾ у Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¿Đ°Ñ�ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ и Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¿ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ» Kazu и ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ² -current Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ USB Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ� Đ�Đ¸ĐºÑƒ Đ¥Đ¸Đ¼Đ±Đµ (Nick Hibma) и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼. Đ¯ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ� Đ½Đµ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ� здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ 3 Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ½Đµ Đ² Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñƒ Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đµ, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ»ĐµĐ¿Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�е Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�ии Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�.
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+== Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ°:
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+Đ’Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Đ¸Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ же Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸, Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ, _Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ_ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°/ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°, Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¹Đ´ÑƒÑ‚ и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Ñƒ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ и ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ° (Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ даже Đ´ĐµĐ½ÑŒĐ³Đ¸). Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ²Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñƒ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ из Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ и Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Đ´Đµ-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Đ³Đ»ÑƒĐ±Đ¸Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¹, еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ FreeBSD ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Software, Inc., Đ° Đ¾Đ± ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ…. Đ¢Đµ, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾-Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� jobs@FreeBSD.org Ñ� ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ½ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾.
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+Đ¯ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ� Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�ебÑ� Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ±Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ»Ñ�ди даже Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸, Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡Ñƒ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD, Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ… (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñ‹ irc и Ñ‚Đ´.), Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐºĐ° Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº ÑƒĐ¶ Ñ�Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹ĐºĐ»Ñ�Đ½Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ³ у Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ…. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐµĐ¶Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ¾, даже ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚! :-) Đ¯ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ» Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ³Đ¾Đ´, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹. Đ›Ñ�ди Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼Đ½Đ¾ и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Đ¼, Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ, Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ¸ĐµĐ¹. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ www.freebsdmall.com и Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ·Đ° Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ! :)
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+== Đ’Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´ Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ:
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+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ 1999 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°? Đ�у, Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ±Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đµ Đ·Đ° Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ�, и Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, уÑ�Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ°, Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�, Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ… и Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‹, Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ же Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ и Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾, еÑ�ли Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� и Đ² Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¾ деÑ�ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¿-Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�чур Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ или Đ½Đ°Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚, Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ /usr/src, и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ¼ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�у, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½. Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ³Đ¾Đ´ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑˆĐµ и, Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ, Đ½ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ÑƒĐ´Ñ€ĐµĐµ, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚, Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾ же Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ³Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đº, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Ñ�е Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¸Đ»Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
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+Đ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, и Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ 1999 Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸. Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ и FAQ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ, Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² 1999, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° у Ñ€ÑƒĐ»Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ�Đ¸Đº Đ�Đ»Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½ (Nik Clayton), Đ½Đ°Ñˆ беÑ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ÑˆĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° и FAQ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾.
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+Linux Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ» Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ FreeBSD Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ ее Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ ее Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¸Đº, Đ° 1998 Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Ñ‹ÑˆĐ°Đ» Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ уÑ�илиÑ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ· Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�лиÑ�ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ… Microsoft, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, или Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐµ?
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Linux делаÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ ÑƒĐ±ĐµĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD делаÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼? ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ advocacy@FreeBSD.org и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Ñ‹, Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ, Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ½Ñ‚ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Đ°Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ идеи, Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… и Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Đ¼. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° http://www.daemonnews.org/[www.daemonnews.org] или http://www.freebsdrocks.com/[www.freebsdrocks.com] и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ² уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ ĐµĐ²Đ°Đ½Đ³ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² BSD.
+
+Đ¤Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° "Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ° FreeBSD" и "Đ²Ñ�е Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Đ°Ñ�" Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¸Đ·Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ, Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ´Đ¾Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ°Đ»Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ� и Ñ‚Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Ñ�. Đ•Ñ�ли FreeBSD _Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾_ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ… Đ² 1999, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ее Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹! Đ�Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ ÑƒĐ±ĐµĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ»ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ±Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° или ISP Đ² Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Ñ… иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ из Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, и Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ беÑ�Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ± идеÑ�Ñ…, еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾.
+
+Đ—Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ: 1999, Ñ€Đ°-Ñ€Đ°-Ñ€Đ°, Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµĐ¼! :)
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+title: "Đ�тчёты Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ FreeBSD"
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+
+= Đ�тчёты Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ FreeBSD
+
+Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ из Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµÑ‘ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ, Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼, Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾, Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ и Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, даже Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Ñ‚Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº, Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+Đ”Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ту Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾ Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ²Đ½Đµ Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đ° иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². ДлÑ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ°Đ±Đ·Đ°Ñ† Ñ€ĐµĐ·Ñ�Đ¼Đµ, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚, или еÑ�ли Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ².
+
+== 2004
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-jan-2004-feb-2004/[2004 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ - Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ]
+
+== 2003
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-oct-2003-dec-2003/[2003 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ - Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-mar-2003-sep-2003/[2003 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ - Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-jan-2003-feb-2003/[2003 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ - Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ]
+
+== 2002
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-nov-2002-dec-2002/[2002 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ - Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-sept-2002-oct-2002/[2002 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ - Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-july-2002-aug-2002/[2002 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ - Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-may-2002-june-2002/[2002 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. ĐœĐ°Đ¹ - Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-feb-2002-apr-2002/[2002 Đ³Đ¾Đ´. Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ - Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-dec-2001-jan-2002/[Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° - Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2002 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°]
+
+== 2001
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-november-2001/[Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-september-2001/[Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-august-2001/[Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 2001]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-july-2001/[Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 2001]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-june-2001/[Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2001]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e4ba4056c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹
+
+== Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼, Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, или Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* link:amd64/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/amd64]
+* link:arm/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ARM]
+* link:i386/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/i386]
+* link:ia64/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64]
+* link:mips/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/MIPS]
+* link:pc98/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/pc98]
+* link:ppc/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ppc]
+* link:sparc/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/sparc64]
+* link:xbox/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/xbox]
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ и ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Ñ‹
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, или Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸. Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸:
+
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/amd64: freebsd-amd64@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/ARM: freebsd-arm@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/i386: freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/ia64: freebsd-ia64@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/MIPS: freebsd-mips@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/pc98: re-pc98@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/ppc: freebsd-ppc@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/sparc64: freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD/xbox: freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org
+* ДлÑ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ¹, freebsd-arch@FreeBSD.org
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/alpha.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/alpha.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc0c877321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/alpha.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/alpha"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/alpha
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ° FreeBSD Đ½Đ° HP/Compaq Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Alpha.
+
+== Đ¡Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� FreeBSD/alpha
+
+* mailto:freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.org[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/alpha]
+
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+=== Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°
+
+* http://h18002.www1.hp.com/alphaserver/[HP AlphaServer]
+* http://h18002.www1.hp.com/alphaserver/workstations.html[HP AlphaStation]
+
+=== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹
+
+* http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/alpha/[NetBSD/alpha]
+* http://www.OpenBSD.org/alpha.html[OpenBSD/alpha]
+* http://www.alphalinux.org/[AlphaLinux]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5462bb5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/amd64"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/amd64
+
+[.right]
+link:../../../gifs/daemon_hammer.jpg[image:../../../gifs/daemon_hammer-tn15.jpg[Đ”Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ BSD, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼Đ°Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºÑƒĐ·Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼]]
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�е FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ AMD64 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ http://www.amd.com/[AMD] и http://www.intel.com/info/em64t[Intel(R) 64]. Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° AMD64 Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ¾Ñ�ила Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ "`Hammer`". Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Intel 64 Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ°Đº Yamhill, Clackamas Technology (CT), IA-32e и EM64T (Extended Memory 64-bit Technology). Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ°Đº "`x86-64`" или "`x64`".
+
+Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° AMD64 иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ… AMD Opteron(TM), AMD Athlon(TM) 64, AMD Turion(TM) 64 и Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ… AMD Sempron(TM).
+
+Intel vPro(TM), Intel Celeron D (Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� "`Prescott`"), Intel Centrino(R) Duo, Intel Centrino(R) Pro, Intel Viiv(TM), Intel Core(TM)2 Extreme, Intel Core(TM)2 Quad, Intel Core(TM)2 Duo, Intel Xeon (3000-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸, 5000-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸, и 7000-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸) Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ Intel(R)64.
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ:
+
+Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ FreeBSD/amd64 Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² 64-Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ² Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ.
+
+ĐŸĐ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° AMD64 Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ FreeBSD link:{committers-guide}#archs[Tier-1] ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ�.
+
+== Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đº FreeBSD/amd64
+
+* http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-amd64[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/amd64]
+
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+=== Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ AMD64
+
+* http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/32200.pdf[Đ¡Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ AMD x86-64]
+* http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/24592_APM_v1.pdf[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ AMD64]
+* http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/24593_APM_v2.pdf[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ AMD64]
+* http://www.x86-64.org/documentation/abi.pdf[Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° AMD x86-64 Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ (ABI)]
+
+=== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°
+
+* http://www.x86-64.org/downloads[Đ¡Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Bochs и Simics]
+
+=== Đ‘Đ»Đ¸Đ·ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹
+
+* http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/amd64/[NetBSD/amd64]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64/motherboards.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64/motherboards.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7a03bf21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/amd64/motherboards.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/amd64 -- Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/amd64 -- Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ amd64, и Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ½Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ° здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Đ°, Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¹. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� или ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đº Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1[send-pr(1)] или link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi[Web-Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ www.
+
+== Abit
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° / Đ¡Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ |Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�лал Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ (Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸) |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD |Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|http://www.abit-usa.com/products/mb/products.php?categories=1&model=175[AV8] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 939 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:doconnor@gsoft.com.au[Daniel O'Connor] |5.3-RELEASE |Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Ethernet (vge(4)) Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾.
+|===
+
+== Asus
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° / Đ¡Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ |Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�лал Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ (Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸) |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD |Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?modelmenu=2&model=375&l1=3&l2=15&l3=0[A8N-SLI Deluxe] |nVidia nForce4 SLI / Socket 939 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:flz@FreeBSD.org[Florent Thoumie] (http://people.freebsd.org/~flz/local/dmesg.cream[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Ethernet Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ� Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ nve(4), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² 6-CURRENT (Ñ� Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 2005). Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ SATA-RAID Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�.
+|http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?modelmenu=2&model=238&l1=3&l2=15&l3=0[A8V Deluxe] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 939 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ssw@neo.redjade.org[Sangwoo Shim] (http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=80174[dmesg]) |6-CURRENT (Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 2005) |
+|http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?modelmenu=2&model=235&l1=3&l2=14&l3=0[K8V SE Deluxe] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 754 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:twisla@gcu.info[ClĂ©ment Martin] (http://twisla.com/dmesg.satan[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |xmbmon Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ°, Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ„Đ»Đ°Đ³ -I.
+|http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?modelmenu=2&model=237&l1=3&l2=14&l3=67[K8V-X] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 754 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:jkoshy@FreeBSD.org[Joseph Koshy] |5.4-STABLE |Đ�ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Đ¾Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Ethernet sk0 Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� 5.3-RELEASE.
+|===
+
+== Gigabyte
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",]
+|===
+|http://tw.giga-byte.com/Server/Products/Products_ServerBoard_GA-7A8DW.htm[GA-7A8DW] |AMD 8111/8131/8151 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:eric@vipstructures.com[Eric Toll] |5.4-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° SATA Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ.
+|http://www.giga-byte.com/MotherBoard/Products/Products_GA-K8NS.htm[GA-K8NS] |nVidia nForce3 250 / Socket 754 |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:francisco@natserv.com[Francisco Reyes] |5.4-RELEASE |Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ и RAID Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, SATA без Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ RAID Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚. Đ—Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�.
+|http://www.giga-byte.com/MotherBoard/Products/Products_GA-K8NS%20Pro.htm[GA-K8NS Pro] |nVidia nForce3 250 / Socket 754 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:tony_sweeney@programmingresearch.com[Tony Sweeney] |5.4-RELEASE |
+|http://tw.giga-byte.com/MotherBoard/Products/Products_GA-K8VT800.htm[GA-K8VT800] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 754 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:groot@kde.org[Adriaan de Groot] ( http://people.fruitsalad.org/adridg/development.dmesg.eggs.txt[dmesg]) |5.3-RELEASE, 5.4-STABLE |NIC Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Realtek. Đ�ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Đ¾Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ, Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+|===
+
+== HP
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ§Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° / Đ¡Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ |Đ˜Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (Đ¾Đ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸) |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD |Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/proliant-bl/p-class/45p/[Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¹Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ ProLiant BL45p] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 4x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:bra@fsn.hu[Atilla Nagy] (http://people.fsn.hu/~bra/bl45p/[dmesg, acpidump, pciconf]) |5.4-STABLE |
+|http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/proliantdl380/[ProLiant DL380 G4] |Intel E7520 / 2x Intel Xeon EM64T |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:bra@fsn.hu[Atilla Nagy] (http://people.fsn.hu/~bra/bl45p/dl380dmesg[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |
+|===
+
+== Iwill
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° / Đ¡Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ |Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�лал Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ (Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸) |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD |Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|http://www.iwill.net/product_2.asp?p_id=90&sp=Y[H8501 / QK8S-8P] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 8x Opteron |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.3-RELEASE |Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ² ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ без ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸. Đ’Ñ�е 8 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹, Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� ACPI. Intel 82546EB Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�. IPMI Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�.
+|===
+
+== MSI
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° / Đ¡Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ |Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�лал Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ (Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸) |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD |Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|http://www.msicomputer.com/product/p_spec.asp?model=K8D_Master-F&class=spd[K8D Master-F (MS-9131)] |AMD 8131/8111 / 2x Socket 940 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ghelmer@freebsd.org[Guy Helmer] |5.4-RELEASE |Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ� Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Opteron 242.
+|http://www.msicomputer.com/product/p_spec.asp?model=K8D_Master3-FA4R&class=spd[K8D Master3-FA4R (MS-9161)] |AMD 8131/8111 / 2x Socket 940 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ghelmer@freebsd.org[Guy Helmer] |5.4-RELEASE |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Ñ� Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Opteron 252. Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� SiI SATA Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� (иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� SCSI-диÑ�Đº Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Adaptec 29160).
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/mainboard/mbd/pro_mbd_detail.php?UID=607[K8N Neo2 Platinum] |nVidia nForce 3 / Socket 939 |Đ�е Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� ACPI. |mailto:xdivac02@stud.fit.vutbr.cz[Roman Divacky] |6-CURRENT (Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 2005) |Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ IRQ Đ² BIOS, ACPI Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ PS/2 иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾. Đ—Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ACPI Ñ� RELENG_5.
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/server/svr/pro_svr_detail.php?UID=484[K8T Master2-FAR] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:dgerow@afflictions.org[Damian Gerow] |5.4-STABLE |Đ¢Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ° Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. SMbus Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚.
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/mainboard/mbd/pro_mbd_detail.php?UID=496[K8T Neo-FSR] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 754 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:rsmith@xs4all.nl[Roland Smith] |5.4-STABLE |
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/mainboard/mbd/pro_mbd_detail.php?UID=608[K8T Neo2-FIR] |VIA K8T800 / Socket 939 |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:pav@FreeBSD.org[Pav Lucistnik] (http://www.oook.cz/bsd/ikaros.dmesg[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |ДлÑ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ BIOS.
+|http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/mainboard/mbd/pro_mbd_detail.php?UID=639[RS480M2] |ATI Radeon XPRESS 200 / Socket 939 |Đ�е Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ACPI. |mailto:torfinn.ingolfsen@broadpark.no[Torfinn Ingolfsen] (http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=80866[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |Đ�е Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ACPI, Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ `+hint.apic.0.disabled="1"+` Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» /boot/loader.conf. Đ—Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° USB Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ. Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Radeon Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� (Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ VESA).
+|===
+
+== Sun
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ§Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° / Đ¡Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ |Đ˜Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (Đ¾Đ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸) |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD |Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|http://www.sun.com/servers/entry/v20z/[Fire V20z] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:bra@fsn.hu[Atilla Nagy] (http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?q=81916[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE |
+|===
+
+== Supermicro
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ§Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° / Đ¡Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ |Đ˜Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (Đ¾Đ¿Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸) |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD |Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/Xeon800/E7525/X6DA8-G2.cfm[X6DA8-G2] |Intel E7525 / 2x 604-pin FC-mPGA4 |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:big.laser@gmail.com[Erik Power] |5.4-RELEASE |Đ¯Đ´Ñ€Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ 5.4-RELEASE Đ´Đ»Ñ� amd64, Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đµ диÑ�ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Ñƒ Intel ICH5R SATA/ATA. Đ ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ° Đ² Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° ata(4) Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾ и Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾. Đ¯Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ SMP уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚. Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ, Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ и USB Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚. ZCR Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� (Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Adaptec 2010-S Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚), AIC7902 U320 SCSI Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�.
+|http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/Xeon800/E7520/X6DHR-8G.cfm[X6DHR-8G] |Intel E7520 / 2x 604-pin FC-mPGA4 |Đ¯Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² "Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ" (Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ hint.apic.0.disabled="0"). SMP-Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾. |mailto:ghelmer@freebsd.org[Guy Helmer] |5.4-RELEASE |Đ—Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ SMP-Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼. Đ—Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ° Ñ� UP-Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ "Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹" (Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�лиÑ�ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии BIOS 1.2 и 1.2a). Đ›Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚. ĐŸĐ¾-Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ UHCI Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹. AIC7902 U320 SCSI Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� диÑ�ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Seagate ST373207LC (Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ "Invalid Sequencer interrupt" Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ SCSI, Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ).
+|===
+
+== Tyan
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° / Đ¡Đ¾ĐºĐµÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ |Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�лал Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ (Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸) |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD |Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8qspro.html[Thunder K8QS Pro (S4882)] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 4x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE, 5.3-RELEASE, 5-STABLE |ВеÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ° Ñ� 5.2.1-R. Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ mpt(4) Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ LSI Logic Ultra320-0 ZCR, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ amr(4), Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾. Broadcom Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ» Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, еÑ�ли PXE Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ и Đ½Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ 8 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚, IPMI Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ°.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8spro.html[Thunder K8S Pro (S2882GNR, S2882UGNR)] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE, 5.3-RELEASE, 5-STABLE |SilIm SATA Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° 5.2.1. Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ SCSI Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� aac. Đ¢Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� amr(4). ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½ĐµÑ‚. Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ� 8 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (8x1GB). IPMI Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ°.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8sr.html[Thunder K8SR (S2881)] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE |Đ¡Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº K8S Pro. K8SR Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ° K8S Pro. IPMI Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ°.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8w.html[Thunder K8W (S2885)] |AMD 8111/8131/8151 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |Đ¨Đ¾Đ½, mailto:marcolz@stack.nl[Marc Olzheim] (http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=80857[dmesg]) |5.4-STABLE, 6-CURRENT |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/thunderk8we.html[Thunder K8WE (S2895)] |AMD 8131 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:dgerow@dementia.afflictions.org[Damian Gerow] |5.3-RELEASE, 5.4-STABLE |SCSI Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�. Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Ethernet ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ nVidia Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ net/nvnet Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ¢Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° ACPI.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/tigerk8w.html[Tiger K8W (S2875)] |AMD 8111/8131/8151 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE |SilIm SATA Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�. Đ Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии BIOS Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� ACPI и Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/tigerk8ws.html[Tiger K8WS (S2875S)] |AMD 8111/8131/8151 / Socket 940 - 2x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE |SilIm SATA Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�. Đ Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии BIOS Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� ACPI и Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+|http://www.tyan.com/products/html/tomcatk8s.html[Tomcat K8S (S2850G2N, S2850G2NR)] |AMD 8111/8131 / Socket 940 - 1x Opteron |ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° |mailto:ketrien@error404.nls.net[Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra] |5.2.1-RELEASE |SilIm SATA Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�. Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ� 1 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (2x512MB).
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/arm.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/arm.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09957ac139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/arm.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ARM"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ARM
+
+FreeBSD/ARM Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ ARM и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸. Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+== Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD/ARM
+
+Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ FreeBSD Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đµ i80321 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Intel, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ IQ31244 и IQ80321. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°, и Đ¿Đ¾ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€, ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñƒ PCI-X, Ethernet-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ em(4), Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Đ¼ĐµÑ€ и UART.
+
+Đ�беÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° StrongARM 1100, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ² Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ… Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒĐ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Simics: CPU, UART и Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‹. Đ¢ĐµĐ¾Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Assabet — Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒĐ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Simics; Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾, уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑˆĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… или Đ½ĐµÑ‚, Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾.
+
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ
+
+* Đ�ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ SATA.
+* Đ˜Đ· NetBSD Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ², Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đº watchdog, i2c и ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹.
+
+== Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� FreeBSD/ARM
+
+* http://tisu.mit.jyu.fi/embedded/TIE345/luentokalvot/Embedded_3_ARM.pdf[Đ�Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ� иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� ARM]
+* http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arm32/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ NetBSD Arm/32]
+
+== Đ�Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ
+
+{cognet} Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ» ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD. Đ•Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ http://people.freebsd.org/~cognet/freebsd_arm.txt[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
+
+[[list]]
+== Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/ARM
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� `<freebsd-arm-subscribe@FreeBSD.org>` Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-arm[Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ mailman].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/i386.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/i386.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fe476a734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/i386.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/i386"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/i386
+
+[[intro]]
+== Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đµ FreeBSD/i386. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ½Đ¸Ñ… ĐŸĐ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¸Ñ…. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐµÑ‚Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ из ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ ĐŸĐ� (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Dell(TM), HP или eMachines(R)), Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ AMD(TM) или Intel(R) и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ�ту ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+[[toc]]
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* <<news,ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸>>
+* <<links,Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹>>
+
+[[news]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+* FreeBSD 6.0 и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ Intel 80386; Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ»ĐµÑ‚, и Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD 5.X и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Ñ…. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ GENERIC Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ 80386 Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD 4.X и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Ñ….
+
+[[links]]
+== Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+* http://laptop.bsdgroup.de/freebsd/[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… FreeBSD Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²]
+* link:https://wiki.FreeBSD.org/ACPI[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° ACPI]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..768ec86d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64"
+sidenav: developers
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64
+
+'''''
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ² Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-ia64:
+
+'''''
+
+[[toc]]
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* <<intro,Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ>>
+* <<status,Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ>>
+* link:todo[Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ]
+* link:machines[ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�]
+* link:refs[Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸]
+
+[[intro]]
+== Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD/ia64 Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�е FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ Intel IA-64; Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Intel Itanium(R) Processor Family (IPF). Đ�Đ°Đº и Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+[status]]
+== Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ ia64 Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ 2 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¸Đ½Đ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² и Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¸, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ�Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸ĐºĐµ, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ 1 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ° (ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�) и 2 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ° Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ°, ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ’ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ ia64 Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ 1 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ°. +
+Đ¡ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ ia64 Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ 2 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ° Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ, еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°. Đ’ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ у Đ½Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ABI, и Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¿Đµ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/machines.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/machines.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6df91bacd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/machines.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64 -- Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64 -- Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹
+
+== ĐœĐ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Ñ‹Đ½ĐºĐµ
+
+=== Bull
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",]
+|===
+|Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ |Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ CPU |Đ§Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚
+|Escala IL400R |Itanium |4 |?
+|Escala IL1400R |Itanium |16 |?
+|===
+
+=== Fujitsu
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",]
+|===
+|Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ |Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ CPU |Đ§Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚
+|PRIMERGY N4000 |Itanium |1 |?
+|===
+
+=== Hewlett-Packard
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",]
+|===
+|Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ |Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ CPU |Đ§Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚
+|i2000 |Itanium |2 |460GX
+|rx2600 |Itanium 2 |2 |zx1
+|rx5670 |Itanium 2 |4 |zx1
+|zx2000 |Itanium 2 |1 |zx1
+|zx6000 |Itanium 2 |2 |zx1
+|===
+
+=== Unisys
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",]
+|===
+|Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ |Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ CPU |Đ§Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚
+|ES7000 Orion 130 |Itanium 2 |32 |?
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/refs.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/refs.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bc20fa07d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/refs.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64 -- Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»"
+sidenav: developers
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64 -- Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»
+
+'''''
+
+== Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đº Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ».
+
+=== Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°
+
+* Intel Software Developers Manual, revision 2.1
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245317.htm[Volume 1: Application Architecture]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245318.htm[Volume 2: System Architecture]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245319.htm[Volume 3: Instruction Set Reference]
+
+=== Đ§Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚
+
+* http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/248703.htm[Intel 460GX Chipset Datasheet]
+* http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/248704.htm[Intel 460GX Chipset System Software Developer's Manual]
+* Intel E8870 Chipset Datasheets
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/251111.htm[Intel E8870IO Server I/O Hub (SIOH)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/251112.htm[Intel E8870 Scalable Node Controller (SNC)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/251113.htm[Intel E8870DH DDR Memory Hub (DMH)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/252034.htm[Intel E8870SP Scalability Port Switch (SPS)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/e7500/datashts/290732.htm[Intel 82870P2 PCI/PCI-X 64-bit Hub 2 (P64H2)]
+** http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/290744.htm[Intel 82801DB I/O Controller Hub 4 (ICH4)]
+* Hewlett-Packard zx1
+** http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/files/unprotected/linux/zx1-ioa-mercury_ers.pdf[zx1 ioa reference specification]
+** http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/files/unprotected/linux/zx1-mio.pdf[zx1 memory and I/O (mio) reference specification]
+
+=== Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245358.htm[Software Conventions & Runtime Architecture Guide]
+* http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/245370.htm[Processor-specific Application Binary Interface (ABI)]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/todo.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/todo.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c207dd4f3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ia64/todo.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64 Project -- Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹"
+sidenav: developers
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ia64 Project -- Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+'''''
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ² базе Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… PR Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD/ia64:
+
+'''''
+
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ’Đ¾Đ·Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đº. Đ•Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ здеÑ�ÑŒ, Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ. Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† ia64... Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+=== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ° 1.
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ� Đ´Đ²Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ 2 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ°, Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ 1 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ°. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸:
+
+* Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ GPT Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ EFI, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¹ Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�и Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ² Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ EFI Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ° GNU. Đ•Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Ñ…Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² и Đ¾Đ½ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼ 1 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ°.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ X-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° (ports/x11/XFree86-4-Server). Đ�Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ�Đ° 1 Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ°, Đ½Đ¾ без Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ, еÑ�ли ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ia64 Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+
+=== ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸,
+
+Đ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ…Đ° FreeBSD Đ½Đ° ia64, Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾, ĐºÑ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ ls(1). Đ�Đ°ÑˆĐ° Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ° ia32, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� или Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ° ia64. Đ¡Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ http://bento.freebsd.org/errorlogs/ia64-5-latest/[здеÑ�ÑŒ] Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ или Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�ли еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ или Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� и Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ здеÑ�ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¸Ñ… (Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ½ĐºÑƒ "Aff." Đ² Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đµ).
+
+=== Đ—Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñƒ.
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ (Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ±Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ без Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и/или Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ»ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ и Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ и/или Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°.
+
+=== Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°.
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ или Đ½Đµ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚, еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�:
+
+* Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ UP и SMP Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Ñ� PMAP. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ VM-Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸Đ·ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+* Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ², Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ…, ĐºĐ°Đº sio(4) и syscons(4), Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ… ia64, Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ². Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ и Đ¼Đ¾ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đº Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� (Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ…) Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼. Đ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Đ¸Đ´Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�.
+* Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ (Ñ„Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹) Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ† VM, Đ¿Đ¾ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… "ĐºÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ¸" Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ³Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/mips.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/mips.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..258922e796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/mips.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/MIPS"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/MIPS
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�е FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ MIPS.
+
+== Đ�Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* <<faq,FAQ Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đµ>>
+* <<list,Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/MIPS>>
+
+[[faq]]
+== ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹
+
+. <<one,Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/MIPS?>>
+. <<two,Đ�Đ° ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ?>>
+. <<three,Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚?>>
+. <<four,Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD/MIPS?>>
+. <<four,Đ¡ ĐºĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�?>>
+
+[[one]]
+=== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/MIPS?
+
+FreeBSD/MIPS Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ MIPS R4K и Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ, Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ из ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� MIPS-ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ SGI.
+
+[[two]]
+=== Đ�Đ° ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ?
+
+Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ MIPS ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ SGI. Đ’ Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ MIPS, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ·Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ SGI.
+
+[[three]]
+=== Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚?
+
+FreeBSD/MIPS Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Đ¾ link:../projects/mips[Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ.
+
+[[four]]
+=== Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD/MIPS?
+
+Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ FreeBSD/MIPS Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ Perforce Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² <<list,Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸>>.
+
+[[five]]
+=== Đ¡ ĐºĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�?
+
+mailto:jmallett@FreeBSD.org[Juli Mallett] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¹, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ link:../projects/mips[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°] или Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº <<list,Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/MIPS>>.
+
+[[list]]
+== Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/MIPS
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº, Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� `<freebsd-mips-subscribe@FreeBSD.org>` или Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mips[Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ mailman].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/pc98.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/pc98.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d8b537123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/pc98.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/pc98"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/pc98
+
+FreeBSD/pc98 Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ FreeBSD, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ NEC PC-98x1 (pc98). ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD/pc98 Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ…. Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Ñ‘Đ½ Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� из иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾.
+
+== Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD/pc98
+
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/CURRENT/hardware/pc98/[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� &rel.head;-CURRENT]
+
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ
+
+* Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ½ĐµÑ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ².
+* Đ’Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° PC-9801-86.
+* Đ’Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ pcmcia-ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ° MECIA.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° SMP-Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ° SASI.
+* ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ boot[12], Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ» Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ ELF.
+
+== Đ¡Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� FreeBSD/pc98
+
+* http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/pc98/index.html.en[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD(98)]
+* http://www.nisoc.or.jp/~karl/freebsd-pc98/[Đ�ĐµĐ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD(98), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ» karl (Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼)]
+* http://www32.ocn.ne.jp/~chi/FreeBSD/[ĐŸĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Chi Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ FreeBSD(98) (Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼)]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~kato/pc98.html[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Kato]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/ppc.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/ppc.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54efe5c706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/ppc.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ppc"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/ppc
+
+== Đ�Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* <<intro,Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ>>
+* <<news,ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸>>
+* <<faq,FAQ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�у>>
+* <<hardware,ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ>>
+* <<list,Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/ppc>>
+* <<issues,Đ˜Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹>>
+* <<doc,Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸, ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹>>
+* <<links,Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸>>
+
+[[intro]]
+== Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD/ppc Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ PowerPC(R). Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº и Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ FreeBSD/ppc Đ´Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¸Ñ… Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đµ Tier-2. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¸Đ½Đ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² и Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚.
+
+'''''
+
+[[news]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+* *25 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2005* : Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°.
+
+'''''
+
+[[faq]]
+== ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹
+
+. <<one,Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD/ppc?>>
+. <<two,Где Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD/ppc?>>
+. <<three,Đ�Đ°Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD/ppc?>>
+. <<four,Đ¡ ĐºĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�?>>
+
+[[one]]
+=== Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD/ppc
+
+Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ ISO Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/ppc_iso[Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ]. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ 7.0-CURRENT ISO Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ· Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½ http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/ppc_iso/latest.iso[Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�Đ´Đ°]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/iso_install.txt[Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ].
+
+[[two]]
+=== Где Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD/ppc?
+
+Đ‘Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ� ĐŸĐ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñƒ Đ“Ñ€ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Ñƒ (Peter Grehan) и Đ¢Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ¼Đ°Đ½ Đ›Đ¸Đ½Đ½ĐµĐ²Đµ (Tilman Linneweh), Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/ppc_pkgs/[тут] и http://people.freebsd.org/~arved/packages_powerpc/[тут]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ�ÑˆĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹.
+
+[[three]]
+=== KĐ°Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD/ppc?
+
+Đ›ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� 6.0-RELEASe Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ portsnap. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ, еÑ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ² link:{handbook}#ports-using[иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²].
+
+[[four]]
+=== Đ¡ ĐºĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�?
+
+mailto:grehan@FreeBSD.org[Peter Grehan] - Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ или Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº <<list,Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/ppc>>.
+
+'''''
+
+[[hardware]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ FreeBSD/ppc Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ (New-World) Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ. ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ»Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ…:
+
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |ĐœĐ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ |Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ» (Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ и Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ) |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸
+|Apple |iMac G3 350 MHz |mailto:diskiller@diskiller.net[Martin Minkus] |Rage 128VR
+|Apple |iMac G3 DV Special Edition |mailto:webmaster@machowto.com[David S. Besade] (http://people.freebsd.org/~flz/local/dmesg.ppc[dmesg]) |Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚
+|Apple |iMac G3 Revision B |mailto:grehan@FreeBSD.org[Peter Grehan] |Rage 3D Pro 215GP, accel disabled
+|Apple |eMac 700 MHz |mailto:grehan@FreeBSD.org[Peter Grehan] |Nvidia GeForce2 MX
+|Apple |Mac Mini G4 1.4 GHz |mailto:arved@FreeBSD.org[Tilman Linneweh] (http://people.freebsd.org/~arved/stuff/minimac[dmesg]) |Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚
+|Apple |Powerbook G4 1.33 GHz |mailto:grehan@FreeBSD.org[Peter Grehan] |Nvidia GeForce G5200
+|Apple |Aluminium Powerbook G4 1.5 GHz |mailto:toa@pop.agri.ch[Andreas Tobler] |Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚
+|===
+
+'''''
+
+[[list]]
+== Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD/ppc
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ту Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºÑƒ, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° `<freebsd-ppc-subscribe@FreeBSD.org>` или Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ppc[Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ mailman].
+
+'''''
+
+[[issues]]
+== Đ˜Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹
+
+* Đ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ AltiVec.
+* Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ BMAC+ ethernet ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ bm(4) Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐµ Peter Grehan http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/[here] (see if_bm.c and if_bmreg.h).
+* Đ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ¸ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸.
+* Đ�е Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Fdisk.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ USB ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹.
+* Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Bluetooth, Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ 'Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹' Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ OHCI и уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº беÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ или Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ¸. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ„Đ¸ĐºÑ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ (fixed) ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ¹/Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆÑŒÑ� и Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Đº syscons. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, PCI Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Ñ‚, Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ohci2 Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐµ:
++
+....
+OK set hint.pcib.1.skipslot=26
+....
+* ДлÑ� Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½, Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° ATI Radeon:
+** ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ¸Đ°Đ¿Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ½Đ° ofw syscons Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� sysctl hw.ofwfb.relax_mmap.
+** Đ�ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ radeon http://people.freebsd.org/~grehan/radeon_driver.c[Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€]. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Section "Device" Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° xorg.conf
++
+....
+Option "iBookHacks" "on"
+....
+* Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾, и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ° из Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (prompt) Open Firmware, ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ», Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ¼, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� UFS Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼:
++
+....
+0 > boot hd:loader hd:0
+....
++
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¿Đµ, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ currdev и Đ²Ñ€ÑƒÑ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾:
++
+....
+OK set currdev=hd:14
+OK load /boot/kernel/kernel.save
+....
+
+'''''
+
+[[doc]]
+== Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸, ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+* http://e-www.motorola.com/brdata/PDFDB/docs/MPCFPE32B.pdf[Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¿ PowerPC]
+* http://www.firmworks.com/QuickRef.html[Đ�Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾ Đ¾ Open Firmware]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1061.html["TN1061: Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Open Firmware, Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 1 - Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�"]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1062.html["TN1062: Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Open Firmware, Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ 2 - Đ”ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²"]
+* http://developer.apple.com/techpubs/hardware/hardware2.html[Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Apple Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2004.html["TN2004: Đ�Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ° Open Firmware, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Telnet"]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2023.html["TN2023: Open Firmware Ethernet Debugging II - Telnet Downloading"]
+* http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2001.html["TN2001: Đ—Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ² Open Firmware"]
+* http://sourceware.cygnus.com/psim/[psim] - Đ¡Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ PowerPC, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ FreeBSD Đ² http://www.freshports.org/?package=psim-freebsd[emulators/psim-freebsd]
+
+[[links]]
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+* http://wikitest.freebsd.org/moin.cgi/powerpc[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ° wiki, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD/ppc]
+* http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-ppc/2005-January/000814.html[Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ“Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ Đ�. Đ”Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ (Garance A. Drosehn) Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Mac Mini]
+* http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/[NetBSD/macppc]
+* http://www.OpenBSD.org/macppc.html[OpenBSD/macppc]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/sparc.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/sparc.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..489be8bb84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/sparc.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/sparc64"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/sparc64
+
+[[intro]]
+== Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đµ the FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ Sun Microsystem UltraSPARC(R). UltraSPARC Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ� link:{committers-guide}#archs[Tier 1], и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/ru[FreeBSD]. Đ¢ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ‹Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ i386 или alpha Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹. Đ�бÑ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° UltraSPARC Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-sparc64[freebsd-sparc].
+
+[[toc]]
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* <<who,Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼>>
+* <<news,ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸>>
+* <<hw,Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<todo,Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ>>
+* <<links,Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�>>
+
+[[who]]
+== Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ FreeBSD Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ�ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹:
+
+* {jake}
+* {tmm}
+* {obrien}
+
+[[news]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+* *25 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2004* : Đ—Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ CS4231 Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ из http://www.OpenBSD.org/[OpenBSD], и Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ SBus, Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ (Ultra 1E, Ultra 2) Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ°.
+* *9 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2004* : Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ auxio Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ из http://www.NetBSD.org/[NetBSD].
+* *10 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2004* : Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ esp Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ из http://www.NetBSD.org/[NetBSD], и Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ultra 1E и Ultra 2 Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ SCSI.
+* *18 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2003* : Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ if_xl http://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/mid.cgi?200301190023.h0J0Nx0N068255[Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ] Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² -CURRENT.
+* *10 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2002* : Đ•Đ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ĐºĐ¸ 5.0-CURRENT Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/sparc64[ftp2.FreeBSD.org].
+
+[[hw]]
+== Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+Đ�иже Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼. SMP Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ 1 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€. Đ—Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/{rel120-current}R/hardware-sparc64.html[Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/[Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°], ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Đµ.
+
+* Blade 100
+* Blade 150
+* Enterprise 220R
+* Enterprise 250
+* Enterprise 420R
+* Enterprise 450
+* Fire V100
+* Fire V120
+* Netra(TM) T1 105
+* Netra T1 AC200/DC200
+* Netra t 1100
+* Netra t 1120
+* Netra t 1125
+* Netra t 1400/1405
+* Netra 120
+* Netra X1
+* SPARCEngine(R) Ultra Axi
+* SPARCEngine Ultra AXmp
+* Ultra 1E
+* Ultra 2
+* Ultra(TM) 5
+* Ultra 10
+* Ultra 30
+* Ultra 60
+* Ultra 80
+
+Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºÑƒ SCSI ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ˜Đ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ SCSI ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� esp Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼, Đ¸Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ из http://www.NetBSD.org[NetBSD].
+
+* Enterprise 3500
+* Enterprise 4500
+
+Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�.
+
+* Đ›Ñ�баÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ UltraSPARC III или Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ.
+* Ultra 1
+
+Đ›Ñ�баÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ *Đ½Đµ* UltraSPARC III или Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ, Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ½Đ¾ ее Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ’Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‚Đµ ее и Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ mailto:freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org[Đ½Đ°Đ¼] Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¹.
+
+[[todo]]
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ
+
+* Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ту Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‰Đµ.
+
+[[links]]
+== Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* http://www.sun.com/processors/manuals/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ UltraSPARC]
+* http://www.sparc.org/standards.html[Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ SPARC]
+* http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sparc64/[NetBSD/sparc64]
+* http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html[OpenBSD/sparc64]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/platforms/xbox.adoc b/website/content/ru/platforms/xbox.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4aaa7e305e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/platforms/xbox.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/xbox"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD/xbox
+
+== Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+FreeBSD/xbox - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ FreeBSD Ñ� Ñ†ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‘ Đ½Đ° Microsoft(R) Xbox(R) Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…. {rink} Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ» Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚. Đ�Đ½ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ» Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. mailto:ed@fxq.nl[Ed Schouten] Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°Đ» Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼ Xbox.
+
+== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ�
+
+FreeBSD/xbox Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD 7-CURRENT и Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Đ¼Đ±ÑƒÑ„ĐµÑ€, Ethernet, Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐº и USB уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº USB ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸).
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ live/install CD Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚.
+
+== Đ—Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ° -CURRENT Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€
+
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD 7-CURRENT, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� BIOS'Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux/xbox, Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼ÑƒÑ� Cromwell (Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñƒ же Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸). Cromwell Ñ� UFS Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD (Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ Xbox Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒÑ� Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ UFS) Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ² /usr/ports/sysutils/cromwell. Đ�Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ² EEPROM иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ /usr/ports/sysutils/raincoat (еÑ�ли Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Xbox Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ 1.6).
+
+== Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ диÑ�Đº
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºÑƒ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Live CD, Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ²Ñ€ÑƒÑ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ�. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ диÑ�Đº, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ FreeBSD/i386 и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» /boot/xboxlinux.cfg Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Cromwell Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+== Đ¡Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+* http://www.xbox-linux.org/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Linux Đ½Đ° Xbox]
+* http://www.xbox-bsd.nl/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Xbox]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/portmgr/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/portmgr/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5893777e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/portmgr/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+title: "Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+
+= Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸
+
+Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD (ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾ `portmgr` из-Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Ñ‹) Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports[Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD].
+
+== link:charter[Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²]
+
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹. Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD.
+
+== link:policies[ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°]
+
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡.
+
+== link:qa[Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°]
+
+Đ’Đ·Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´ Đ¸Đ·Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đµ уÑ�илиÑ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+== Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹
+
+portmgr@FreeBSD.org: {portmgr-members}
+
+Đ¡ĐµĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ: {erwin}
+
+== Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñƒ
+
+* link:{porters-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD] +
+Đ�Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚.
+* http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD] +
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ�Đ¡ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ (Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸, `Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�`) и Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD +
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² +
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… Ñ� Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… и ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹.
+* {committers-guide}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD] +
+Đ’ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+* link:{pr-guidelines}[Đ ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…] +
+Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑŒ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼ FreeBSD, Đ¾Đ½ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�уÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‡ÑŒ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼ PR.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/portmgr/charter.adoc b/website/content/ru/portmgr/charter.adoc
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+---
+title: "Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ¸ и Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ (portmgr) Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�щуÑ� Đ·Đ° Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ•Ñ‘ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD (core).
+
+Đ’ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° portmgr Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹, Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ и Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹. Đ•Ñ‘ Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸:
+
+* Đ�беÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» `ports` CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đ° FreeBSD. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Đ°Ñ€Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹] и Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD.
+* Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ³Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ и уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾.
+* Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+* Đ’ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ‡ÑŒĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+* Đ’Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹.
+* Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² CVS Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ’Ñ�е ÑƒÑ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� admins@ Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� core@; Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ PGP-ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¾Đ¼.
+* Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đº, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹Đ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Ñƒ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº link:../policies[Đ¡Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ», ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡.
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¡Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ½ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚, Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ или Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‘Đ½ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼; Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼.
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+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸
+
+Đ’ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼ link:../charter[Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¾Đ¼], Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹.
+
+== Đ�беÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², portmgr Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¾, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, `bsd.port.mk`. Đ¢Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đµ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ (Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² BSD), Đ»Ñ�баÑ� Ñ„Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ° Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Ñ… Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ…, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+portmgr Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]. Đ’ ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¸Đ»Ñƒ, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ:
+
+* Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² `bsd.port.mk`
+* Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�ле Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ X11, GNOME, KDE, Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ из Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ autotools и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее
+* иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ "Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ¾Đº" Đ´Đ»Ñ� make-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� или иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… make-Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… (`Makevar`). (Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ USE_*, WITH_* и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее)
+* Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ (Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²)
+
+Đ˜ Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°, из-Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đµ CVS, Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đ¼ из Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¹, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹.
+
+portmgr Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸: ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, деÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²; Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� POLA (Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾.
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]
+
+portmgr Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²ÑŒĐµĐ² иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD и Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² (Đ² Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸, `Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�` или `buildenv`). Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¾ FTP Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ "Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹", Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD. Đ�ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼ и/или ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ из-Đ·Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ FreeBSD (Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ src/). Đ’ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+== Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+== Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+portmgr Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ link:{porters-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD] Đ² Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´ÑƒÑ…Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� "Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹" Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+(Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 'Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»', Đ½Đ¾ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, 'Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ² make-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸'. Đ’ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ "Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ²", Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Ñ… `bsd.*.mk` Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ÑƒĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ -- Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ� CDROM, Đ¿Đ¾ NFS и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее -- и Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ….)
+
+portmgr Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ…Đ¾Đ·Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đµ `doc/`. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ… и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµĐ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² `doc` Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸ĐºÑƒ. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ жеÑ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ²ĐµĐ¶Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ….
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° идеÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° "ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ° и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²". portmgr Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ уÑ�илиÑ� и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°.
+
+portmgr Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³ÑƒÑ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+== Đ£Đ²Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ‡ÑŒĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
+
+Đ’ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°, portmgr Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ… Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ‡ÑŒĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `ports/LEGAL` и Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ `make-Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…`, ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ и, Đ²Ñ�ледÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ².
+
+Đ’ Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ и Đ²Ñ�е диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ и Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹.
+
+portmgr Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ‚Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ² portmgr Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ из-Đ·Đ° Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+== Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹
+
+portmgr Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�ии Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°. Đ’ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ÑŒ Đ°Ñ€Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾ ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼.
+
+== Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ� CVS Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
+
+Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» portmgr Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼ Đº CVS Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đµ `ports/`. ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Ñƒ и Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đ° FreeBSD.
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ½Ñ‘Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²ÑŒÑ�Ñ…, еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ту иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñƒ Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+Đ’ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼, Đ½ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ° Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, или Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´ Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ½ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ.
+
+Đ’ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼.
+
+== Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đº, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² и Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
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+portmgr Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đº, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°, уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ или Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°.
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+ДлÑ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², portmgr Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ» Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾ PR, Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° ĐµÑ‘ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· "Ñ‚Đ°Đ¹Đ¼-Đ°ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°". Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ² Đ´Đ²Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸ (Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ½Đ¸.)
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+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², portmgr Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ» Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ без Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ� Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°. "Đ�ĐµĐ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ" Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐºĐ²Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ�ле, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½ĐµÑ€ĐµÑˆÑ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ PR, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ÑŒĐ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ€ĐµÑˆÑ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½ Đ² Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†Đ°.
+
+Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� или Đ²Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� без ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. ЧаÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ½Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾. Đ‘Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ»Đ°Đ´Ñ†ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµĐ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ же Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ†Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº и Đ¼Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, ĐºĐ°Đº и Đ² Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ, Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ебÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ или Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ� Đº Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ.
+
+ĐœÑ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‡ÑƒĐ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ»Đ° Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ°, или ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�ли Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ� Đº Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ†Đ° и/или Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿ÑƒĐ». Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ½Đ¾ и, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ�, Đ¸Đ·Đ±ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ².
+
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼
+
+portmgr Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑŒ Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾, из-Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº Đ² Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и даже Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ½Ñ�уÑ�Đ° Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° "Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ²" и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее.
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+title: "Đ—Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= Đ—Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ�Đ½Đ¸ делÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ²Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸: <<qa-before-release,Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°>> и <<qa-between-releases,Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²>>.
+
+[[qa-before-release]]
+== ĐœĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°
+
+* Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� link:{releng}[Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²] Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°.
+* Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ RE Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ISO-Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹.
+* Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ CVS Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¾Đ²:
+. Đ�бÑ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ и Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€. ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
++
+ДлÑ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² _Đ²Ñ�е_ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�:
+** иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ²Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ°;
+** иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ²;
+** Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸.
+Đ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, из-Đ·Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾.
+. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� CVS-Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹.
+. Đ—Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾ `Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ`. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° ISO Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼. Đ’ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ±ĐµĐ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ¹:
+** Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ X11, KDE и GNOME;
+** Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²;
+** и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее.
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+ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ±ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�ли Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ° ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ°Ñ�-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ° (Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� или Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�), Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° ISO c Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ CVS-Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ абÑ�Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đº, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° и Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°, и Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ беÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼.
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+Đ�Đ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° RE и portmgr Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ ISO Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼, Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+
+[[qa-between-releases]]
+== ĐœĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²
+
+* Đ£Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ�Đ¡ и Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ Đ¦ĐŸ (Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ `Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�`.)
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+Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ (Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ URL-Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ). ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ (BROKEN), Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ‹. (Đ¡Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ далее.)
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+Đ£Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ (Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ, Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾) Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ и Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� "Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸" Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+* Đ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ² Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹. ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ. Đ¢Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Đº `Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đµ`, Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ freebsd-ports.
+** Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… из-Đ·Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� или Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, еÑ�ли Đ´Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ°.
+** Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² (Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ).
+** Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ (BROKEN) и/или Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ (FORBIDDEN).
+** Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼, Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ PR Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… (Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ PR, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Cc:).
+** Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° INDEX.
+** Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�Ñ… Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñƒ (и Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ±Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, ĐºĐ°Đº portupgrade).
+** Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ», ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°, Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ�Ñ� Đº FreeBSD. ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² http://people.FreeBSD.org/~fenner/portsurvey/[Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Билла Đ¤ĐµĐ½Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°].
+** Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ¼Ñ�Đ¹Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², еÑ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¹ (BROKEN), ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Cc: Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°. (Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº жеÑ�Ñ‚ Đ²ĐµĐ¶Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.)
+** Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ NO_LATEST_LINK. (ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, у ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�, и Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ из Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�, Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€; Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¼Đ¾Đ»Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�.)
+* Đ£Đ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ²ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Đº BROKEN ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº DEPRECATED (Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ EXPIRATION_DATE), Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, еÑ�ли Đ·Đ° иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑˆĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ½Đ¸ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ». Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ» Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ ÑˆĐ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
++
+Đ’ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº DEPRECATED, еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии, Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� EXPIRATION_DATE Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ² Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†Đ°, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/_index.adoc
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index 0000000000..f4df9c40cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ и Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ´ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹. Đ�Đ° Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾: *{numports}*.
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº link:{faq}#CURRENT[FreeBSD-CURRENT] и link:{faq}#STABLE[FreeBSD-STABLE]. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� и Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ или Đ½Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ¡Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ…, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², Đ½Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�.
+
+Đ�Đ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ ''Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚'', ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ здеÑ�ÑŒ, Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸, Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° и Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ `make install` Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°. Đ—Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Đ² и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ² link:{handbook}#ports-tree[Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²], Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ¹.
+
+`Makefile` ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ° или CDROM Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp[`ftp`], Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ¾, Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ `make install` Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ `Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚`, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾. Đ’ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ и Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ», Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add[`+pkg_add+`] Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐµ `pkg_add`, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°Đº и URL.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/installing.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/installing.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0af56dbc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/installing.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+title: "Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall[`bsdinstall`] Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD 9.X и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹, или link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall[`sysinstall`] Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD 8.X и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ°, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ ĐµÑ‘ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� link:{handbook}#ports-using[`portsnap`] или link:{handbook}#svn[Subversion].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/references.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/references.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87a626e7ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/references.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD -- ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD -- ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… и Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ…, Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ link:{handbook}#ports[Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹: Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹] link:{handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD].
+
+link:{porters-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ link:{porters-handbook}#keeping-up[Đ�ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�]. Đ�Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼:
+
+* Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ http://docs.FreeBSD.org/mail/current/freebsd-ports.html[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ FreeBSD].
+* Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� link:{contributing}[Contributing to the FreeBSD Ports Collection].
+* http://www.FreshPorts.org[FreshPorts.org] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ°, и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ….
+* Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp[`ftp`], link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add[`pkg_add`] и link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ports[`ports`].
+* http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org[Đ�лаÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ²].
+* Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ link:../../portmgr/[Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸] (portmgr).
+* http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org[Web-Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ²] Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ². Đ˜Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/CHANGES[CHANGES]. Đ˜Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/UPDATING[UPDATING]. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ² иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk[bsd.port.mk] и Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ².
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/searching.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/searching.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0d9d18b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/searching.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi[Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°].
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³ `/usr/ports` и Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ² Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ ``make search name=``__string__. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/Mk/bsd.port.subdir.mk[bsd.port.subdir.mk].
+
+Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ http://www.FreshPorts.org[FreshPorts.org] и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/ports/updating.adoc b/website/content/ru/ports/updating.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54cec22514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/ports/updating.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: "Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD"
+sidenav: ports
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD
+
+{{< form-ports >}}
+
+'''''
+
+ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºÑƒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ°, даже Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, Đ³Đ´Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ (Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, `russian/`.)
+
+Đ˜Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/CHANGES[CHANGES]. Đ˜Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đµ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/ports/UPDATING[UPDATING].
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…, Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… или ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…/Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ…, или Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°/Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ°, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ; Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.FreshPorts.org[FreshPorts.org] и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ же Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ link:{handbook}#ports[Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹: Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹] link:{handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD]; Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² link:{porters-handbook}#keeping-up[Đ�ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�]; link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ports[`Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° ports`].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f2856df9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD in the Press"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: true
+---
+
+= FreeBSD in the Press
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ ĐµÑ‘ URL Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� www@FreeBSD.org
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD Java Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ link:../java/press/[FreeBSD/Java Đ² ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�е].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-1.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-1.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acb12bd93f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-1.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD: 22 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD: 22 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999
+
+== ДлÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�лаÑ�ÑŒ FreeBSD
+
+*Đ�Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ´, CA, 22 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999*: ДлÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ¼Đµ ĐºĐ¸Đ½Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Warner Brothers, _The Matrix_, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ 32 Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ…Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD.
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Manex Visual Effects иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ° 32 Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Dell Precision 410 Dual P-II/450 Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° CG Render Farm. Đ§Đ°Ñ€Đ»ÑŒĐ· Đ¥ĐµĐ½Ñ€Đ¸Đº (Charles Henrich), Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Manex, Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»: "Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Đ» Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ»Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� у Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° SGI, Đ½Đµ Ñ…Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… 3-D Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹. Đ˜ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, из-Đ·Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD. Đ¡Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ� Dell, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ¸ 32 Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñƒ, Đ° Đ² Ñ�ÑƒĐ±Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾-Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ…, и Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ´ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ, Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ² Đ»Ñ�Đ±ÑƒÑ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ."
+
+Đ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° FreeBSD - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ° Berkeley Software Distribution Đ�Đ¡ UNIX. Đ�Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Internet Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Walnut Creek CDROM, и Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ…Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². FreeBSD Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ… Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Intel x86, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ´Ñ†ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ². Đ�бладаÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¸Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ¿Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Đ´ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ и Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ´Ñ†ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Internet, ĐºĐ°Đº Yahoo! и U.S. West, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¸Đ°Đ¿Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ½ ее Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� и Đ¼Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ http://www.FreeBSD.org/ и http://www.wccdrom.com/. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Manex Visual Effects, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ http://www.mvfx.com/.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-2.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-2.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fbdc20a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-2.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Press Release: April 29, 1999"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= FreeBSD Press Release: April 29, 1999
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ XML Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD
+
+*Đ�Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ´, CA, 29 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999*: Đ’Đ¾ FreeBSD 3.1 Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ SGML/XML, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹, Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´.
+
+Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD и ее Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºÑƒ SGML/XML Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ SGML и XML и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Đ° Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Internet Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ XML.
+
+FreeBSD - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ… Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ¹ Intel x86. Ее 580-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ "Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾" Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ DocBook, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� SGML-ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚. Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Internet Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ°Đ¼:
+
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/
+* ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Ñƒ "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ…", Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ³Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°Đ¼ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ’ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ SGML/XML, и Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ°Đ¼:
+
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/tutorials/primer/
+
+=== Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ SGML/XML ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚:
+
+* Jade 1.2.1 и SP suite Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии 1.3.3 Đ”Đ¶ĐµĐ¹Đ¼Ñ�Đ° Đ�Đ»Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ° (James Clark), Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² SGML и XML.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ 19 Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² ISO Đ² SGML
+* DocBook (v2.4.1, v3.0, v3.1), HTML (Đ²Ñ�е Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии) и LinuxDoc Document Type Definitions (DTD)
+* Modular DocBook Stylesheets Đ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Đ£Đ¾Đ»ÑˆĐ° (Norm Walsh), Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ и Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ DocBook-Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+* Emacs и XEmacs Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� PSGML, Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� SGML.
+* ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ teTeX-beta Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ JadeTeX Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ DocBook Đ² DVI, Postscript и PDF Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ³Đ¸Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+* Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ и ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ� SGML, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ LinuxDoc DTD Đº DocBook DTD и Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ… и Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� DocBook Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org.
+
+Đ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° FreeBSD Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Internet Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD и Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ² Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đµ Walnut Creek CDROM. Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ°Đ¼:
+
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/
+* http://www.wccdrom.com/
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-3.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-3.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2499ba5dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-3.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD: 7 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD: 7 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ BSD Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Apple
+
+*Đ�Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ´, CA, 7 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999*: Đ¡ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ�, Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đµ ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ�езда Usenix Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² UNIX, Đ²Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ³Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ�Đ¡ Darwin Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Apple Computer (www.apple.com/darwin) ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution).
+
+"Đ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Apple Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° BSD", Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ» Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ¥Đ°Đ±Đ±Đ°Ñ€Đ´ (Jordan Hubbard), Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Freenix ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ USENIX и Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ из Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD. "Đ§ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ±Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ°, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ BSD, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ°Ñ…."
+
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾ Đ¥ĐµÑ€Đ±Ñƒ ĐŸĐµĐ¹ĐµÑ€Đ»Ñƒ (Herb Peyerl) из ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° NetBSD, "Đ�Đ°ÑˆĐµ Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Apple Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Darwin Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� NetBSD и Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‰Đµ."
+
+"Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ²Đ°Đ´Ñ†Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� BSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ из Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Apple Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đº Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¹, ĐºÑ€ĐµĐ¿ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° BSD", ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ» Đ�Đ²Đ¸ Đ¢ĐµĐ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ°Đ½ (Avie Tevanian), Đ²Đ¸Ñ†Đµ-Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Apple Computer Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ°Đ¼. "ĐœÑ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ�Đ¡ Darwin Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ¸Đ»Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Mac Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ. Đ�Đ¾Đ´ BSD, Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Darwin - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼."
+
+Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đº Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¿Đ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ². Đ’Đ¸Đ»Ñ„Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾ Đ¡Đ°Đ½Ñ‡ĐµÑ� (Wilfredo Sanchez), Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Darwin, Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ Darwin Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đµ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Usenix Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Freenix, Đ²Ñ‹Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°.
+
+=== � NetBSD и FreeBSD
+
+NetBSD и FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ 4.4BSDLite2, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° BSD UNIX. Đ�Đ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² BSD Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´ÑƒÑ… Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¸Ñ… Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºÑƒ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ´Đ²Đ°Đ´Ñ†Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸, Đ³Đ¸Đ³Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ BSD -- Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆÑƒÑ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Internet -- Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ�Đ¡ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡. Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�ĐµĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Đ´, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ² Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐµ Đ·ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ÑˆĐ°Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ BSD иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ÑˆĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² без Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼.
+
+=== ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ:
+
+The FreeBSD Project +
+Concord, California +
+925-682-7859 +
+freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org +
+http://www.FreeBSD.org +
+
+The NetBSD Project +
+C/O Charles M. Hannum +
+81 Bromfield Rd, #2 +
+Somerville, MA 02144 +
+mindshare@netbsd.org +
+http://www.netbsd.org +
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-4.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-4.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cacba82e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-4.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD: 9 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD: 9 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000
+
+== Đ”Đ›Đ¯ Đ�Đ•ĐœĐ•Đ”Đ›Đ•Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ“Đ� Đ�ĐŸĐ£Đ‘Đ›Đ˜Đ�Đ�Đ’Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ¯
+
+== Đ�Đ�ĐœĐŸĐ�Đ�Đ˜Đ˜, ĐŸĐ�Đ”Đ”Đ•Đ Đ–Đ˜Đ’Đ�Đ®Đ©Đ˜Đ• BSD, Đ�Đ‘Ñ�Đ•Đ”Đ˜Đ�Đ¯Đ®Đ¢Đ¡Đ¯ Đ”Đ›Đ¯ Đ¡Đ�Đ—Đ”Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ¯ Đ¡Đ�ĐœĐ«Đ¥ ĐŸĐ�ĐŸĐ£Đ›Đ¯Đ Đ�Đ«Đ¥ Đ�ĐŸĐ•Đ Đ�Đ¦Đ˜Đ�Đ�Đ�Đ«Đ¥ Đ¡Đ˜Đ¡Đ¢Đ•Đœ Đ”Đ›Đ¯ INTERNET
+
+=== Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� BSDI Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… BSD и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Open Source
+
+*Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¾ Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Ñ�, Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¾, 9 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000:* Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDI) Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ° Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ�лиÑ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Walnut Creek CDROM, диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�лиÑ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� BSDI Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Berkeley Software Distribution. BSDI Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ BSD/OS, Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ и Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Internet, Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾ же Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� делÑ�Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°, Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹.
+
+Đ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ BSD иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… Internet и Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³, Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Yahoo!, Hotmail Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Microsoft и UUNET, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ MCI WorldCom. Đ¡Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Survey.com, Đ»Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, BSD и Linux Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+Đ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° BSD, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Internet ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ Internet. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ 100,000 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Internet иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ BSD Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ 2,000,000 Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ². ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾ 9 из 10 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚ (ISP) и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³ (NSP), Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ 15 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Internet Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ BSD. Đ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ BSD Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ² Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Intel, IBM, Lucent, F5 Labs, Hitachi и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ….
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+BSDI Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Yahoo! Inc. Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸. BSDI Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ту Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ¾Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‹. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ BSDI ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Internet.
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+BSDI Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ· Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ BSD. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đº BSD/OS, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и FreeBSD. BSDI и ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�лиÑ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼.
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+== Đ›Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ BSDI
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+"Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ BSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³ÑƒÑ� иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñƒ Internet", - Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ» Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ ĐœĐ°Ñ€ÑˆĐ°Đ»Đ» Đ�Đ¸Ñ€Đº ĐœĐ°ĐºĐ�ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Đº (Dr. Marshall Kirk McKusick), Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ BSDI. "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ BSDI Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ и далее Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ BSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� ÑƒĐ¶Đµ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ." ĐœĐ°ĐºĐ�ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Đº Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ из Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼ Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ˜Ñ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ’Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ (Computer Systems Research Group - CSRG) Đ² Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đµ (Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸) и ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ½ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‡Đ¸Đº Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¿Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Open Source.
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+ДлÑ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ BSDI, ее Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¸Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ½ Đ“Ñ�Ñ€Đ¸ Дж. Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ½ (Gary J. Johnson). Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ½ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ†ĐµĐ¼, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ° и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶ Đ² Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ»Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… из Đ�Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ”Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹, ĐºĐ°Đº Tandem Computers (Compaq), Convergent Technologies (Unisys) и SCO. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ½ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ ClickService Software, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ¹ (CRM).
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+"Đ˜Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Ñ�Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´", Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ» Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ½. "Đ�Đ° Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ�ÑˆĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´ĐµĐ½ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Linux, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº Red Hat Software и VA Linux, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ»Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ…. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Internet Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ BSD. Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� BSDI Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Internet, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Internet."
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+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, ĐœĐ°Đ¹Đº Đ�Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� (Mike Karels), Đ²Đ¸Ñ†Đµ-Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ BSDI Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ¼ и Đ±Ñ‹Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¿Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² CSRG из Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ° (Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸), Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đµ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ÑˆĐµĐ» Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ� Sun Microsystems Билла Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ� Bill Joy Đ² CSRG, Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ½ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ из ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Unix и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� TCP/IP.
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+"Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ BSD Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ÑƒÑ�Ñ� уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ…Ñƒ Yahoo!, Đ´Đ°Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ³Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Yahoo! Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸", Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ» Đ”Ñ�Đ²Đ¸Đ´ Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾ (David Filo), Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ и Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Yahoo, Yahoo! Inc.
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+== BSDI Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ BSD/OS и FreeBSD: Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и уÑ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đº Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° FreeBSD
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+Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� BSDI Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD, BSD/OS, BSDI Internet Super Server и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ BSD Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Internet, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ и ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼. BSDI Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ BSD и Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Internet, Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ и уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ¸, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ и ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ°Đ»Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ и internet Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ BSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Intel, SPARC, Alpha, PowerPC и StrongARM.
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+BSDI Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ BSD/OS и FreeBSD Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đº Đ±Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµÑ�у Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¸ Berkeley software, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ уÑ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼.
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+BSDI Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и уÑ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° FreeBSD ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Walnut Creek CDROM Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ BSD/OS Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD и Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� и Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ, Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³ и Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ. BSDI Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Đº и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ°Đ»Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³ и ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreBSD. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ и ÑƒĐºÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ BSD Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ FreeBSD, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ 5000 Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ°.
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+== Đ›Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Internet и Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Open Source Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� BSDI
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+"ĐœÑ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ BSDI Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼", Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ» Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ¥Đ°Đ±Đ±Đ°Ñ€Đ´, Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐµĐ²Đ°Đ½Đ³ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ и Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD. "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� BSDI Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ½Đ° Đ² Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Internet Đ² Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ. ĐœÑ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ´Ñ‹ и Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ BSDI, Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐœĐ°Đ¹ĐºĐ° Đ�Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ° и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ² CSRG Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ² Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸, Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¸Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Internet."
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+"Đ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº BSD, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆÑƒÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ� и Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼", Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ» Đ­Ñ€Đ¸Đº Đ Ñ�Đ¹Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ´ (Eric Raymond), Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Open Source Initiative. "Đ¯ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ BSDI ĐµÑ‰Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ· Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ и Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¸Đµ дела, Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ³Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Đ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚Đ°Đº же, ĐºĐ°Đº Internet."
+
+"Đ�Đ°ÑˆĐµ иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ BSD и Linux уÑ�илÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ 100 Đ´Đ¾ 500 Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ²ÑƒÑ… Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ¸Đ¶Đ´ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµÑ� Đ² Đ¡Đ¨Đ�", Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ» Đ”Ñ�Đ¹Đ² Đ¢Ñ€Đ¾ÑƒĐ±Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ¶ (Dave Trowbridge), Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đº Đ² Survey.com. "Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ BSD Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Ñ�Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ†ĐµĐ¼, Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ ее Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼ и ĐºÑ€ĐµĐ¿ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ."
+
+== Đ�б Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ Berkeley Software Distribution
+
+Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Berkeley Software Distribution Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ� 1979 Đ¿Đ¾ 1992 Đ² Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ Đ˜Ñ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ’Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) Đ² Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đµ (Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸). Đ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ´ BSD и ее Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸, Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Unix и Unix-Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼. Đ¡ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Internet иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ BSD. Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ BSD иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ ĐºÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… и Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Internet, Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+== Đ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ°, Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ из Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ 5000 Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº, Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· 185 "ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²". Đ�Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° ftp.FreeBSD.org, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· CompUSA, Fry's, Borders, Ingram, FreeBSDmall.com и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸. Đ’ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºÑƒ FreeBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ из Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ¼, Internet и Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹. FreeBSD Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¸ Berkeley Software Distribution, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ее Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¼Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ http://www.FreeBSD.org/[www.FreeBSD.org].
+
+== Đ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Walnut Creek CDROM
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Walnut Creek CDROM Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ² 1991 и Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Linux Đ² 1992, Đ° BSD Đ² 1993. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼. Walnut Creek CDROM Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� FreeBSD и Slackware, Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶ÑƒÑ� Đ½Đ° BSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Linux.
+
+Đ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDI)
+
+Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ BSD Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. Đ² 1991 Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ BSD и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹ Unix из Berkeley ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¹, уÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ и Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Internet Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�лиÑ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Berkeley Software Design, Inc. и Walnut Creek CDROM, BSDI Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Internet и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚ Ñ� BSDI Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у info@BSDI.com или http://www.BSDI.com/[www.BSDI.com] или Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ„Đ¾Đ½Ñƒ 1-719-593-9445 (беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹: 1-800-800-4273).
+
+== # # #
+
+BSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ¾Đ¹, Đ° BSD/OS и BSDI Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. Yahoo! и Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ Yahoo! Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Yahoo! Inc. Đ’Ñ�е Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ¸, ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ².
+
+ДлÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ²: +
+Kevin Rose +
+BSDI +
+801-553-8166 +
+kgr@bsdi.com
+
+Jordan Hubbard +
+FreeBSD Project +
+925-691-2863 +
+jkh@FreeBSD.org
+
+Brigid Fuller +
+ZNA Communications +
+831-425-1581 +
+brigid@zna.com
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-5.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-5.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b479e288f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/press-rel-5.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+title: "FreeBSD Press Release: October 18, 2000"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= FreeBSD Press Release: October 18, 2000
+
+== Đ’Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ FreeBSD
+
+*BSD Conference, ĐœĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹, CA, 18 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² (Core Team), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ´Đ¸Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ². Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°. Đ’ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Greg Lehey, Warner Losh, Mike Smith и Robert Watson. ĐŸĐ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Satoshi Asami, David Greenman, Jordan Hubbard, Doug Rabson и Peter Wemm.
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+Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ”Đ¶Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ¥Đ°Đ±Đ±Đ°Ñ€Đ´ (Jordan Hubbard), Đ²Ñ‹Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ� ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»: "Đ’Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹". Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ°, Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ…, Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ RAID и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ´Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼.
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+Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ из ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD. Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Ñƒ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD и Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼. Đ”Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�лаÑ�ÑŒ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹, Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ и Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹.
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+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ·Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ´ Đº Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾, Ñ‚Đ°Đº ĐºĐ°Đº Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¹, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐµĐ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�.
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+Đ£ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ из Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Poul-Henning Kamp Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»: "Đ¯ Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¶ÑƒÑ�ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ�делали Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ 8 Đ»ĐµÑ‚. Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ°, и Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼."
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+Đ¡Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ² Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ° Đ² Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ, Đ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¿ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е Đ±Ñ‹Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ: "Đ¢ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Ñƒ FreeBSD, Đ° Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼."
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+== Đ’Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹
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+*Satoshi Asami* - Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ и CTO ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ DecorMagic, Inc. и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
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+*David Greenman* - Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD и Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ TeraSolutions, Inc., ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚ и RAID-Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ….
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+*Jordan Hubbard* - Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Ñ�Đ¼ Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� и Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·-Đ¸Đ½Đ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€. Đ�Đ½ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¸Ñ†Đµ-Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Ñ� Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ�Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² BSDi.
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+*Greg Lehey* - иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ, Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đµ Đ² Linuxcare; Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆÑƒÑ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ„ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Ñ€ÑŒĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½ Ñ�делал Đ² Đ“ĐµÑ€Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ³Đ´Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ» Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Univac, Tandem и Siemens-Nixdorf. Đ�Đ½ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Vinum Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ и RAID Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñƒ SMPng Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, и Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ же Đ¾Đ½ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³ Porting Unix Software и The Complete FreeBSD.
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+*Warner Losh* Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° pccard из NetBSD Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ²Đ° Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD.
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+*Doug Rabson* Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Qube Software Ltd., Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ…Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ¸. Đ•Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ alpha и ia64, и Đ¾Đ½ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
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+*Mike Smith* Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Principal Engineer Đ² Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ Open Source Solutions ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ BSDi, и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Đ» Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸Đº, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ� OEM, Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ°Đº Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ и Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ².
+
+*Robert Watson* Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼-иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼ из NAI Labs, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼. Đ•Đ³Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´ Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ (http://www.trustedbsd.org[TrustedBSD]), Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+*Peter Wemm* Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ Đº FreeBSD Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ ISP Đ² Đ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€ уÑ�Đ¿ĐµĐ» Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐµÑ…Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¡Đ¨Đ�, Đ³Đ´Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¸Đ½Đ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Yahoo!, Inc. Đ•Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° FreeBSD и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼.
+
+== � FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Đ²ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ� Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‚ BSD Net/2 и 4.4 Lite, диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ… Berkeley Software, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ² Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ 1994 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°. Đ�Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… беÑ�Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾. FreeBSD Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ и Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Đ¸Đ½Đ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº *Yahoo!*, *above.net* и *Verio*. FreeBSD Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ², Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Đº *IBM*, *Inktomi*, *Juniper Networks* и *Network Alchemy - a Nokia Company*.
+
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.FreeBSD.org[http://www.FreeBSD.org/].
+
+== Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ¹
+
+Jordan Hubbard +
+The FreeBSD Project +
+925-682-7859 +
+jkh@FreeBSD.org
+
+== # # #
+
+BSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Berkeley Software Design, Inc. Đ’Ñ�е Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ†ĐµĐ². Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ BSD Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ�Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ£Đ½Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ² Đ‘ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ»Đ¸ и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/press/pressreleases.adoc b/website/content/ru/press/pressreleases.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b2ee9fef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/press/pressreleases.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+loadPress: false
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD
+
+Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 20, 2003::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/press/press-rel-7[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD 5.0]
+Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 31, 2002::
+link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/press/press-rel-6[Đ”ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ Opera: Opera Software Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD]
+18 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2000: Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ°::
+link:press-rel-5[ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ FreeBSD]
+9 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2000::
+link:press-rel-4[Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ BSD, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½ĐµÑ‚]
+7 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 1999::
+link:press-rel-3[Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ BSD Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Apple.]
+29 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999::
+link:press-rel-2[ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ XML Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Ñ� FreeBSD.]
+22 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 1999: The Matrix::
+link:press-rel-1[FreeBSD иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ�Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ¼Đµ _The Matrix_ ĐºĐ¸Đ½Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Warner Brothers.]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/projects/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/projects/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee75968a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/projects/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD
+
+[[development]]
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿ Ñ�Đ½Ñ‚ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD. ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ°Đ¼, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Ñ….
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ URL и ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ (Đ¾Ñ‚ 3 Đ´Đ¾ 10 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đº), Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у link:../mailto[www@FreeBSD.org]
+
+Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ из Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ дел, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° link:../news/status/[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸].
+
+* <<documentation,Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* link:../advocacy/[Đ’ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Ñƒ FreeBSD]
+* <<applications,ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�>>
+* <<networking,Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸>>
+* <<filesystem,Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°>>
+* <<kernelandsecurity,Đ¯Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ и Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ>>
+* <<devicedrivers,Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²>>
+* <<architecture,Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°>>
+* <<misc,Đ Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đµ>>
+* link:summerofcode[Đ˜Đ´ĐµĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ�Đ° Google Summer of Code 2005]
+
+[[documentation]]
+== Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* link:../docproj/[FreeBSD Documentation Project] The FreeBSD Documentation Project - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆÑƒÑ‚ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ² Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑƒÑ�, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ и FAQ) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ.
+* link:newbies.html[FreeBSD Resources for Newbies] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ² Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ FreeBSD и UNIX(R). Đ•Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ и Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-newbies@FreeBSD.org.
+* http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/[ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº RELEASE/SNAP Đ½Đ° FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD]. РеÑ�урÑ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° или Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ° FreeBSD. Đ‘Đ°Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ² 3 Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Đ° Đ½Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐœĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ±ÑƒÑ€Đ½Ñƒ (10 Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Đ¾Ñ‚ UTC).
+* http://www.freebsddiary.org/[The FreeBSD Diary] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² UNIX. Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹.
+* http://www.vmunix.com/fbsd-book/[A Comprehensive Guide to FreeBSD] - Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ "ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹" Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ FreeBSD. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ² ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ² UNIX. Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Đ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸.
+* http://flag.blackened.net/freebsd/[FreeBSD How-To's for the Lazy and Hopeless] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ´Ñ†Đ° Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµĐ¼ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ»Đµ "how-to" Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD.
+* http://home.worldonline.dk/nkbj/Linux+FreeBSD/Linux+FreeBSD.html[Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO] Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Linux и FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ. Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ²Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸.
+* http://www.treefort.org/~rpratt/freebsd/227/[Install Preview for FreeBSD 2.2.7] Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, иллÑ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ² unix и/или FreeBSD.
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/index.html[FreeBSD Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²]
+* http://www.freebsd-corp-net-guide.com/[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸] Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ…, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ†ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ Đ² Đ¶Đ°Đ½Ñ€Đµ, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ±ĐµĐ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ½ Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Đº ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°, уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ»ĐµÑ‚ из-Đ·Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚.
+
+[[applications]]
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�
+
+* link:../java/[Java(R) Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD] ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ²Đ·Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� JDK(R) Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Đº ĐµĐ³Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� java, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ JDK Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ 2.2.
+* link:../gnome/[GNOME Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD] ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� GNOME Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐµÑ‘, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, FAQ, Đ¾Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ GNOME, Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đµ.
+* http://freebsd.kde.org[KDE Đ² FreeBSD] ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ KDE Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ и ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ KDE Đ² FreeBSD. Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° и Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD FAQ.
+* link:../ports/[Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD] Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ� Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ².
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~fenner/portsurvey/[FreeBSD Ports distfiles survey] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°.
+* http://FreshPorts.org/[FreshPorts] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ½Đ¸Ñ…. Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ….
+* http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org/[Pointyhat] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°.
+
+[[networking]]
+== Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸
+
+* Netperf: Đ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ´ĐµÑ€ FreeBSD 5.x и 6.x, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ�лед Đ·Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ°Đ¼ SMPng Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD 5.3. Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ².
+* Dingo: _FreeBSD Network Cleanup and Consolidation Project_ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐ° и ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ° Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD. Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ·Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² и Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ².
+* http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/kjc/software.html[ALTQ]: ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹
+* http://www.kame.net/[KAME Project], Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² IPv6/IPsec Đ´Đ»Ñ� BSD
+* http://www.awfulhak.org/ppp.html[Point to Point Protocol (PPP)]
+* http://www.cs.pdx.edu/research/SMN/[Secure MobileIP via IP]
+* [[SYSLOG-SECURE]]SYSLOG-SECURE: Đ’ Đ°Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Đµ 2001 Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� syslog: RFC3164. Đ’ Đ½Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� syslog, Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ’ 2002 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ RFC3164 Đº Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии syslog, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, и Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ¼ syslog-sign. Đ‘ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ libc и syslogd. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸/ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»Ñ�баÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ. Đ�Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� albert@ons-huis.net.
+
+[[filesystem]]
+== Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹
+
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~yar/hfs/[HFS и HFS Plus Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.] Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ HFS из Darwin Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.stacken.kth.se/projekt/arla/[Arla] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� AFS. Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ AFS. Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ�е Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+* http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/[Coda] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Đ² Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ€ĐµĐ¿Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° и Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đµ ĐºÑ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+* http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~ezk/research/software/[cryptfs] Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‘Đ½ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² и Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ°Đ»Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¼Đ° Blowfish.
+* http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/santry99deciding.html[Elephant]: Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚
+* http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ganger/papers/[Đ–ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ² Đ¼Ñ�Đ³ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹: Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ½Ñ…Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~terry/[Đ‘Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~terry/[Đ“Đ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đº namei]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~terry/[Đ‘Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² и ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² NFS]
+* http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix99/full_papers/nightingale/nightingale_html/[Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° DCD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Unix]
+* http://iclub.nsu.ru/~semen/ntfs/[Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ NTFS Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD] Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ Windows(R) NTFS Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ NTFS Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ "Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�", Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ "Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ/Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ".
+* http://www.eecs.umich.edu/Rio/[Rio (RAM I/O)]: ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Rio иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ�Đ°Đ´ĐµĐ¶Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+* ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/sys/ffs/ufs/README.softupdates[Soft Updates:] Đ ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ
+* http://www.tcfs.it/[TCFS] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Transparent Cryptographic File System, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ. Đ¡ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ³Đ»ÑƒĐ±Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹, Đ¾Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ·Ñ€Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�. Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ·Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�/Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ»Ñ�ч ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸.
+* http://now.cs.berkeley.edu/Td/[Tertiary Disk] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ±ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ². Đ˜Đ¼Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ее Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸: Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñƒ Đ·Đ° Đ¼ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ и ĐµĐ¼ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐº и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ°Đ³Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ². ĐœÑ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ, Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´ĐµÑˆĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐµĐ¼ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ�Đ°ÑˆĐ° Ñ†ĐµĐ»ÑŒ - Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�, Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ Đ½Đ° 30-50% Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ же ĐµĐ¼ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. ДлÑ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ², Tertiary Disk иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ ĐŸĐ�, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đº ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸. Đ�Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из 20 Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ 200 ĐœĐ“Ñ†, ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… 370 диÑ�ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ 8 Đ“Đ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹. ĐŸĐ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ethernet Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� 100 ĐœĐ±Đ¸Ñ‚/Ñ�.
+* http://www.vinumvm.org/[Vinum] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ� VERITAS volume manager(TM). Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đµ ĐºĐ»Đ¾Đ½ Veritas, Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Veritas. Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Veritas.
+* http://www.tamacom.com/pathconvert/[The PathConvert project] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ абÑ�Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ². Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ NFS и WWW.
+
+[[kernelandsecurity]]
+== Đ¯Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ и Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ
+
+* http://drawbridge.tamu.edu/[Drawbridge] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ°, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ² Texas A&M University и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…. Đ•Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ…Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸.
+* http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dpetrou/research.html[Lottery Scheduling Kernel]: Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ°Đ»Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¼ Đ£Ñ�лдÑ�Đ¿Ñ‘Đ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Đ° (Waldspurger), Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ÑŒ Đ·Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ² и ĐºÑ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ° Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ CPU.
+* http://www.OpenBSM.org/[OpenBSM] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ° и Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ°ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Basic Security Module (BSM) ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Sun. OpenBSM Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸, Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ°ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… TrustedBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~terry/[Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ÑƒÑ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°]
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~abial/spy/[SPY] Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и/или Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ. Đ�Đ½ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° или Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºĐ¸.
+* http://www.TrustedBSD.org/[TrustedBSD] Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ�ебÑ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°, Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼ и Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ² FreeBSD, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ° BSD Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹
+* http://www.holm.cc/stress/[ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°]. ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�-Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ�Đ½ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ из Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼ и Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ�Đ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ†ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ�Đ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ…Đ°Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ² Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¹Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ°ÑƒĐ·Ñƒ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+[[devicedrivers]]
+== Đ”Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²
+
+* ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� busdma и SMPng: busdma Đ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½ÑŒ абÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Direct Memory Access, DMA), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ². Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Ñ�ту абÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ�, Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ¸Đ·Đ±ĐµĐ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� DMA, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ� SMPng.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~dfr/devices.html[Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD]
+* http://www.ccrc.wustl.edu/pub/chuck/tech/bsdatm/bsdatm.html[BSD ATM: Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ ATM Đ² 4.4BSD]: Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ² Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ…, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ°, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ . Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ ATM Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñƒ из Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ², ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ATM Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Ethernet, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ°Ñ€ÑŒĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ и Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� BSD ATM, Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ³Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ и Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½ÑŒ ATM Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° BSD. BSD ATM Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ° IP, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и ``Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾'' Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ° ATM.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~fsmp/HomeAuto/HomeAuto.html[Đ”Đ¾Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ°] Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ², Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ„Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~gibbs/ARTICLE-0001.html[CAM: Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½ÑŒ SCSI Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD] ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½ÑŒ CAM SCSI и ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ½ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚.
+* http://www.jurai.net/~winter/tr/tr.html[The FreeBSD Token-Ring Project] Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ и Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐµ Token Ring Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+* [[xircomcem]]ДлÑ� Đ´Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Xircom CEM Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¡ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‚Đ° ĐœĐ¸Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ»Đ° (Scott Mitchell) Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸. Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ `+subscribe freebsd-xircom+` Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� majordomo@lovett.com.
+* [[raid]] http://people.FreeBSD.org/~msmith/RAID/[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº] Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… RAID-Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² и Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐœĐ°Đ¹ĐºĐ° Đ¡Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° (Mike Smith).
+
+[[architecture]]
+== Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°
+
+* link:../platforms/alpha[ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Alpha] Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD Alpha, ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ�е, Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼ Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Ñ…, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� Alpha.
+* link:../platforms/ia64/[ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ IA-64] Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ° FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ IA-64. Đ’Ñ�е Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ freebsd-ia64@FreeBSD.org.
+* link:../platforms/ppc[ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ PowerPC(R).] Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD PPC, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ.
+* link:../platforms/sparc[ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ SPARC(R)] Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD SPARC, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� FAQ, Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸, Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ… и Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… SPARC, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Ñ…, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾ SPARC.
+* Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° http://slash.dotat.org/~newton/freebsd-svr4/[The SysVR4 Emulation] Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ SysVR4 Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ½ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ (или, Đ² Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ…, Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ€ÑƒÑ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ�) Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² SysV, Đ²Đ·Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Solaris(TM)/x86 2.5.1 и 2.6. Đ£ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚ SCO UnixWare и SCO OpenServer.
+* http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/oskit/[The OSKit] OSKit - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° и Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ из 31 Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½ĐµĐ¹ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�. Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đº Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² Đ�Đ¡, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ и ĐºĐ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, Ñ†ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� OSKit Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±Đ°Ñ€ÑŒĐµÑ€Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° OS R&D и ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. OSKit Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ�Đ¡, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ�Đ¡ Đ½Đ° Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ x86 (или Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ² OSKit) или уÑ�Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ�Đ¡ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ², Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² или Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±. OSKit Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ�Đ¡, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ…, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ или Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� Đ�Đ¡ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ… Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°.
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~picobsd/[Small and embedded FreeBSD (PicoBSD)] PicoBSD Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñƒ диÑ�ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñƒ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°Đ¼, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ бездиÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ или даже Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°. Đ˜ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ диÑ�ĐºĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ 1.44 ĐœĐ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚. PicoBSD Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ¼ Đ½Đ° 386SX Ñ� 8 ĐœĐ±Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¸Đ½Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°!
+
+[[misc]]
+== Đ Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đµ
+
+* http://www.freesbie.org/[FreeSBIE] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº Ñ� "Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ¹" Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹. Đ�Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� CD, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ CD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¶Ñ‘Ñ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ диÑ�Đº.
+* http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html[GLOBAL] Đ“Đ»Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ² иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸. Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚, Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ shell, Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ nvi, Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€ web, Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ emacs и Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ elvis, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¸ C, Yacc и Java.
+* http://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/tour/[Đ¢ÑƒÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ FreeBSD]. Đ“Đ¸Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° FreeBSD. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии -CURRENT и RELENG_4.
+* http://www.de.daemonnews.org/199908/enteruser.html[Enteruser: Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ Adduser]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/acpi/[ACPI on FreeBSD]. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ ACPI Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+* http://www.daemonology.net/freebsd-update/[Binary Updater]. FreeBSD Update Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD без Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ·Đ° иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹, Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�). Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¾Đ¼; Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… diff-Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ diff, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+* link:&enbase;/projects/updater.html[Binary Updater (binup)]. ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ The FreeBSD Binary Updater Project Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đº FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚/Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ "Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Đ»Đ¸" или Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đµ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ и Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� (Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD 4.3 Secure Web server).
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/c99/[The FreeBSD C99 & POSIX(R) Conformance Project] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² ISO 9899:1999 (C99) и IEEE 1003.1-2001 (POSIX).
+* link:cvsweb.html[CVSweb] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Web-Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đº Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Ñƒ CVS, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ¸ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² и иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ° Đ² Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ.
+* http://gerda.univie.ac.at/freebsd-laptops/[FreeBSD Laptops Compatibility List] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� база Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ² и ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ PCMCIA, Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Ñ….
+* http://freebsd-current.sentex.ca/tinderbox/[FreeBSD Tinderbox] Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¸ Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° tinderbox Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ¾Đ½ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Đº. Đ˜Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚ Tinderbox Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ FreeBSD Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org/src/tools/tools/tinderbox/[src/tools/tools/tinderbox].
+* Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/projects/gnats4/[FreeBSD GNATS Upgrade] Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸, Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ´ĐµÑ‚Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии GNATS 3 Đ´Đ¾ GNATS 4.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/projects/cvsweb.adoc b/website/content/ru/projects/cvsweb.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3ed57f59c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/projects/cvsweb.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD CVSweb"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD CVSweb
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* <<about,Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ CVSweb?>>
+* <<downloads,Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸>>
+* <<resources,РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹>>
+
+[[about]]
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ CVSweb?
+
+CVSweb Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Web-Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ±Ñ€Đ°ÑƒĐ·ĐµÑ€Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¸ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ� и иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ.
+
+CVSweb Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ» &a.fenner; Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD, и Đ¾Đ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ» ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ¸Đ»Ñƒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD-CVSweb, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� knu-CVSweb, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ CVSweb, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии CVSweb Đ¾Ñ‚ Henner Zeller, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ�, Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑŒ, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ CVSweb. &a.knu; Đ²Đ½Ñ‘Ñ� Đ² Ñ�ту Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ и уÑ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹, Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�ле ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» ĐµÑ‘ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼. ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD-CVSweb Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ &a.scop;.
+
+FreeBSD-CVSweb Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.html[Đ›Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ½Đ·Đ¸Đ¸ BSD]. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Ñ…, ĐºĐ°Đº http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/[FreeBSD], http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/[NetBSD], http://www.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/[Ruby].
+
+'''''
+
+[[downloads]]
+== Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ¡Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ tar-Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ² Ñ� ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� *3.0.5* (Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ 2005-01-22), Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/projects/cvsweb/NEWS?rev=1.44&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup[NEWS] и http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/projects/cvsweb/ChangeLog?rev=1.188&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup[ChangeLog].
+
+* ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/scop/
+* http://people.FreeBSD.org/~scop/cvsweb/
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ FreeBSD link:{handbook}#mirrors-ftp[Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ FTP] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ….
+
+Đ’ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ… Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии. Đ ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾ 3.x, Đ½Đ¾ еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Perl Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑˆĐµ 5.6, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� 2.0.x.
+
+Đ“Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ° Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ FreeBSD-CVSweb Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ² Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼:
+
+* link:../ports/[ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚] http://www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD] (Đ² devel/cvsweb3 Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� 3.x, Đ° Đ² devel/cvsweb Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� 2.x)
+* ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚ http://www.netbsd.org/[NetBSD] (www/cvsweb)
+* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ http://www.openbsd.org/[OpenBSD] (devel/cvsweb)
+* http://www.debian.org/[Debian GNU/Linux] (testing и unstable)
+* http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/[Fedora Extras]
+
+'''''
+
+[[resources]]
+== РеÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°:::
+freebsd-cvsweb@FreeBSD.org Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD-CVSweb. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸, Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ… и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒĐ±Ñ‹ Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ² link:{handbook}#ERESOURCES-SUBSCRIBE[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD]. Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/pipermail/freebsd-cvsweb/[Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸].
+CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ::
+FreeBSD-CVSweb Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· link:{handbook}#anoncvs[Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ pserver Đ´Đ»Ñ� CVS]. ĐœĐ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼Ñ� `/projects/cvsweb`. Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� `MAIN`, Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° `rel-2_0-branch` Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�.
+CVSweb Đ² CVSweb::
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ FreeBSD-CVSweb Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/projects/cvsweb/.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/projects/newbies.adoc b/website/content/ru/projects/newbies.adoc
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+++ b/website/content/ru/projects/newbies.adoc
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+---
+title: "Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ²"
+sidenav: docs
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ²
+
+Đ�иже Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ… иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org[FreeBSD-doc@FreeBSD.org].
+
+* <<web-site,Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD>>
+* <<fbsd,Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD>>
+* <<unix,Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ UNIX(R)>>
+* <<xwin,Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ X Window System>>
+* <<people,ĐŸĐ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ´Ñ�Đ¼>>
+
+[[web-site]]
+== Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° FreeBSD
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ°ĐºÑ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸:
+
+* link:../../search/[ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº] Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ и FAQ, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñƒ или Đ² Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD.
+* Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° link:../../docs[Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸] Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ и FAQ, ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¸ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Documentation Project, Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ°Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đµ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đµ.
+* Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° link:../../support[Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸] Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đ»ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ²ĐµĐ± и FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹, Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ… и Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ UNIX(R).
+
+[[fbsd]]
+== Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD
+
+* Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ½Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ, и Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ½Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Đ»Đ¸, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ’Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ. Đ¡ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚ link:&u.rel2.announce;[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·]. (Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½, Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ *Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚* Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии.) ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ link:{handbook}#install[Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ], Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ из Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² *.TXT, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ FTP или Đ½Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ²ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¹ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/[Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…] Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°, еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ‘Đ½.
++
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Đ»Đ¸ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ ли ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ иллÑ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ http://www.lemis.com/what-to-download.html[Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�] Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½ĐµĐµ.
+* Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ link:../../docs/books/articles[ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đ¹]. Đ�Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đµ http://andrsn.stanford.edu/FreeBSD/[ДлÑ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ² Unix], Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ абÑ�Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ². Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ½Đµ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ•Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… ftp://andrsn.stanford.edu/pub/[postscript или RTF] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+* ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ» ppp, Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ… Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ link:{handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°], ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ http://www.awfulhak.org/ppp.html[ppp], Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+* Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ“Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ° ЛиÑ�Ñ� http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdcomp4[The Complete FreeBSD], Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� O'Reilly. ДлÑ� Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»Đ¸ÑˆÑŒ Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� UNIX и Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�е ÑˆĐ°Đ³Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° и Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD. Đ’Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ.
+* link:{handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD] и link:{faq}[ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ—Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ’Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ (FAQ)] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ˜Ñ… Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ». Đ�е Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ½ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ, еÑ�ли Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹. Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³ и Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ², Đ° Đ² FAQ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ» Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¸Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD-Questions, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ�лиÑ�ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸Ñ…. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ, Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ и Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� link:../../search/#mailinglists[Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°].
+* Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc]. Đ—Đ°Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce[comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce].
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°] Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ° Đ² ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ� дела. Đ§ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼. Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´Đ°. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¾ ppp, Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ° Đ½Đ° ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸Đº.
+
+[[unix]]
+== Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ UNIX(R)
+
+ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ из Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼, Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ĐºĐ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ из-Đ·Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ UNIX, Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ UNIX, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ´Đ²ÑƒĐ¼Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾. Đ� Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�. Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ³Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�.
+
+* Đ“Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ° link:{handbook}#basics[Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ UNIX(R)] Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD Handbook Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ и Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ°Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ UNIX(R)-Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ.
+* Đ’ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ°Đ³Đ°Đ·Đ¸Đ½Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…, Đ²Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đ¹ "Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²". Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ и Đ²Ñ‹Đ±ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼. ВеÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ·Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đº ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾.
+* Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ из ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³, Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� [[ufti]]_UNIX for the Impatient_ (Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Paul W. Abrahams и Bruce R. Larson), Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Addison-Wesley. Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� UNIX, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº, и Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ UNIX и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñƒ Đ¾Đ± иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ X Window System.
+* Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� _UNIX Power Tools_ (Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly и Mike Loukides), Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� O'Reilly and Associates. Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ� из ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ¼. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ², ее Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ или у ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ» Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đµ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đµ.
+* http://www-wks.acs.ohio-state.edu/unix_course/unix.html[Đ’Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ UNIX] из Ohio State University Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… HTML, postscript и Acrobat PDF.
+* http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/unixhelp/[UNIXhelp for Users] - Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đµ Đ²Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ HTML Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐµĐ¼ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ и Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆÑƒ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ.
+* Đ’Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ¾ UNIX Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� news:comp.unix.questions[comp.unix.questions], Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/unix-faq/faq/top.html[Frequently Asked Questions]. Đ’Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ� ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/unix-faq/faq/[FAQ] Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ° RMIT FTP. ДлÑ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‹ 1 и 2.
+* Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� news:comp.unix.user-friendly[comp.unix.user-friendly] Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/user-friendly/index.html[FAQ]. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�у, Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…. ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/unix-faq/user-friendly[FAQ] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾ FTP.
+* Đ˜Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² и Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾ UNIX. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾ из Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚, Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° UNIX Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/[Yahoo!].
+
+[[xwin]]
+== Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ X Window System
+
+X Window System иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ X Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… http://www.x.org/[X.Org Foundation] или http://www.xfree86.org/[The XFree86 Project, Inc.] Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°ĐºÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� Đ²Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Đµ. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆÑƒÑ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+* Đ¢Ñ€Đ¸ из ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Ñ�Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Ñ‹, Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ, Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� X Window System Đ½Đ° ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹: Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ° link:{handbook}#x11[X Window System] Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD, <<cfbsd,The Complete FreeBSD>> и <<ufti,UNIX for the Impatient>>.
+* ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ X Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ http://xwinman.org/[Window Managers for X] и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ°Đ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ… Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½, Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ "Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹". ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹. (Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Ñƒ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ UNIX Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ….) Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, еÑ�ли Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�е, из Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ из ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+[[people]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ´Ñ�Đ¼
+
+Đ£ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD, даже у Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°! Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ² Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ² link:../../docproj/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�] ĐºĐ°Đº ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹. Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ и ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ½ĐµÑ‚, или Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼. Đ’Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ³ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ»Đ¾ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‡ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ÑŒÑ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ FreeBSD, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ�Đ¸ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ°Ñ� ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ беÑ�ĐµĐ´Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµÑ„Đ¾Đ½Ñƒ или Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¸Ñ†Ñ†ĐµĐ¹ Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼, у ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ… же Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ…Đ¾Đ² и Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¸ же Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸. Đ•Ñ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº ÑƒĐ¶ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐµĐ¹, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… FreeBSD, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ� FreeBSD.
+
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� link:../../usergroups#user[Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, Đ³Đ´Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚, Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ ее Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ!
+
+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ÑŒĐ¼Đ¸, Đ½Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/index.html[Đ¡Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¶Đ°Ñ€Đ³Đ¾Đ½Đ°].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/projects/summerofcode.adoc b/website/content/ru/projects/summerofcode.adoc
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+---
+title: "ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ¾"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ¾
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Ñ� ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Đ» ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đµ http://code.google.com/summerofcode.html[Summer of Code 2005] ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Google. Đ’ ĐµÑ‘ Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Ñ… Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ¸ĐºÑƒĐ».
+
+* <<ideas,ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¹>>
+** <<p-userland,ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ / Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸>>
+** <<p-filesystem,Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°>>
+** <<p-networking,Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸>>
+** <<p-security,Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ>>
+** <<p-kernel,Đ¯Đ´Ñ€Đ¾>>
+* <<mentors,Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸>>
+* <<faq,ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹>>
+
+[[ideas]]
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ¹
+
+[[p-userland]]
+=== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ / Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸
+
+* *Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� BSD Installer*: ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� http://www.bsdinstaller.org/[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ BSD], Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ĐµĐ²ÑˆÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñƒ sysinstall, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼ÑƒÑ� Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ£Đ¶Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‡ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐº Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ° Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+* *Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· PXE*: Đ‘Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºÑƒ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· PXE. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ½Đ° базе CDROM Ñ� FreeSBIE Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Đµ, ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² BIOS Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºÑƒ Ñ� PXE, и Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ÑˆĐ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑˆĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºĐ¸. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒĐ·Đ»Đ¾Đ² и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ….
+* *ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³ SNMP*: ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ BSNMP Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸, диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ�Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Đ¼ и Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ¼/Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ sendmail и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²ĐµÑ‰Đ°Đ¼. Đ�Đ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ SNMP, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ {philip}, {glebius}, {harti} и {rwatson}.
+* *Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Xen*: ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/[Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Xen] Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD -CURRENT, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ°, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Xen Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ ÑƒĐ·Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее.
+* *ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ CVSup Đ½Đ° C*: http://www.cvsup.org[CVSup] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ½Đ° CVS Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ². Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾ 10 Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� CVS-Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° FreeBSD Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´Ñƒ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Ñƒ. CVSup Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Modula-3 и ĐµÑ‘ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ C Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�ту Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐ¼Ñƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹. Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° CVSup Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� pthreads. Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Subversion и Perforce. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ°. Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� http://mu.org/~mux/csup.html[здеÑ�ÑŒ]. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� {mux}.
+* *Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€ĐµĐ³Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�*: Đ�Đ¸Đº Đ�Đ»Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ» Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ³Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ° Perl. Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� libtap. Đ’ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ´Đ²Đµ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ’Đ¾-Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…, Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ из Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ assert() иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ok() и Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ·ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ из libtap. Đ’Đ¾-Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ…, Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ³Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ»Đ°ÑˆĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� {nik}.
+* *Đ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸*: Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ из Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ°Ñ�ÑˆÑ‚Đ°Đ±Đ° FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸. ДлÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ²ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ¹. Đ¡Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°, база Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�уÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸. Đ ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Đ² Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ¼, Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾, Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ¾, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�уÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ°. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� {brooks}.
+
+[[p-filesystem]]
+=== Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°
+
+* *Đ–ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ UFS*: Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ UFS. Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ´Ñ‘Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ¸ 'fsck' Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ� или Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ³Đ¸Đ¸. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ� Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ½Đ¾ и Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ±ÑƒÑ„ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸/ĐºÑ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½Đ´Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. +
+Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ²ĐµĐ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° и Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�. Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ…Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ… Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ (i-ÑƒĐ·Đ»Ñ‹, Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸, ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸) и Ñ�Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ·Ñ�Đ¼Đµ, Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� {scottl}.
+* *Autofs*: Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ autofs Đ¿Đ¾ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�ле Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ…. Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ°, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° и Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ "amd" ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ {alfred}.
+* *ĐœĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´Đ¶ĐµÑ€ Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ²*
+* *Đ’Đ¾Đ»ÑˆĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸*: Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ»ÑˆĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ²Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸. Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…. Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ http://www.freebsd.org/~jwd/magiclinks.tgz[Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸] Đ´Đ»Ñ� 4-STABLE, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� DragonFly Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ setvar. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ {jwd}.
+
+[[p-networking]]
+=== Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+* *Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾, Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ диÑ�Đº*: Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Đ¼ из Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đº Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹. Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ° Đº Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Đ°Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº диÑ�ĐºĐ¸, Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸. ĐŸĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¿ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ или Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ� Đº Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼ ÑƒĐ´Đ°Đ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ° Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼ (TCP/IP), Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ² Unix, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·Ñ�Đ¼Đµ, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� {alfred}.
+* *NFS Lockd (уÑ�Đ¸Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸)*: Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ NFS lockd Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Apple Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ла Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ² Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đµ. Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² lockd. Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ из Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° Đ² Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đµ, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đµ ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ·Ñ�Đ¼Đµ. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ {alfred}.
+* *NFS Lockd (Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°)*: Đ£Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ NFS lockd Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ lockd Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐµ. Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ± NFS, Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ, RPC и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ½Đ° ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ·Ñ�Đ¼Đµ, Đ²Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ "Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� NFS" Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ÑˆÑƒÑ�Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Ñ€ÑŒĐµÑ€Ñƒ, и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ {alfred}.
+* *Đ£Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾/Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ° (net/if_var.h)*: Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ _Đ²Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¸_ Đ»ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ°Đ´ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° net/if.h и net/if_var.h. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ net/if_var.h Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ» Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đµ, Đ° net/if.h Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ» Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‹. Đ�Đ° Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ�ÑˆĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đº, net/if_var.h, Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� из-Đ·Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ деле Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ’ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� libkvm Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ° Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼, Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ÑŒ Đ·Đ° Ñ�чёт Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ netstat(1) и Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ…, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ� и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… libkvm, Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‹, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¸Ñ… Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ¤ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ netstat Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ Đ°Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ², Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾, Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñƒ. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� {brooks}.
+* *ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ� Web100 Đ½Đ° FreeBSD*: ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ http://www.web100.org/[Web100] Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� TCP Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ… Đ´Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ². Đ’ Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ°Ñ… Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Linux Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ³Đ°, и Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆÑƒÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¸Đ¼ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ² Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ TCP Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ… Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. ДлÑ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Web100 Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ абÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD. ВлиÑ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ. Đ˜Đ´ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ° TCP и Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ� Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ {brooks}.
+* *ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° NAT Đ² ipfw2 и ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� libalias*: Đ’ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½ ipfw2 Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ NAT Đ½Đ° ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ» и Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đµ ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ NAT Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐµ libalias, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐ»ÑŒ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ£ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ´Đ²Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ†ĐµĐ»Đ¸:
+** Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ° LibAlias из ipfw2
+** Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ LibAlias Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐµÑ‘ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€, Đ² Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸:
+*** Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ, иÑ�Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и, Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�ĐµĐ°Đ½Ñ�Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº и ÑƒĐ½Đ¸Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ; Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ tcp-Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ°);
+*** Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸/Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼;
+*** ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° и libalias Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Đ¹.
++
+Đ£ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đº 5.x и -current, Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ и Đº 4.x. ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ� NAT, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ mailto:rizzo@icir.org[Luigi Rizzo].
+
+[[p-security]]
+=== Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ
+
+* *SecureMines*: Đ”Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ»Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ и Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ» Đ°ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ¦ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� (Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°-Đ»Đ¾Đ²ÑƒÑˆĐºĐ¸), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đº Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Đ²Ñ‹Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đµ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. Đ¡Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… "Đ¼Đ¸Đ½". Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ² Unix. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� {alfred}.
+* *SEBSD*: SEBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ NSA из SELinux FLASK/TE Đ² Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ MAC из TrustedBSD. Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ или Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»ĐµÑ‚Đ¾ ĐµÑ‘ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ из Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° Đº Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ-Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ SEBSD ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹, Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ¿Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ´Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее. Đ�Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°, Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�; Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº и Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐµ Đ�Đ¡. Đ�Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½ÑŒ, Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Ñ‹! Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� {rwatson}.
+
+[[p-kernel]]
+=== Đ¯Đ´Ñ€Đ¾
+
+* *Đ�Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Linuxulator*: FreeBSD Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� Linux Đ·Đ° Ñ�чёт Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ² Linux, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ±Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Linux Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ ELF. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ Linux, Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ¡Ñ‚ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ ÑƒĐ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡ÑƒĐ¶Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ C, Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° C и Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ GPL Đ² Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… (без ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°!).
+* *Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ…Đ»Đ°Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ACPI*: ДлÑ� Đ¾Ñ…Đ»Đ°Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� cpufreq, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ°Ñ… _PSV. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ¾Đ½, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Ñ…, Ñ�Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² ASL. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� C, Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾/Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ°, Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ°, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ� ACPI, и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� {njl} и {bruno}.
+* *Đ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ° диÑ�Đº*: Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸/Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ диÑ�ĐºĐ°. Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¿Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° диÑ�Đº, Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đº ACPI Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ S4 или Đ²Ñ‹ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ’Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐµ, Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºÑƒ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� C, Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾-Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ°, Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ°, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ� ACPI, и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ {njl} и {bruno}.
+* *Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ»Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¼Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� powerd(8)*: Đ ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ Đ°Đ»Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¼Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� (Đ° Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ) и Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ³Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ›ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ°Đ»Đ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ³Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ¢Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ° C, Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ¿Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ cpufreq(4) (Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€ Pentium-M) и Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ {njl} и {bruno}.
+* *ĐœĐµÑ‚Đ°-Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°*: Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ¸Đ°Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ° C, ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ’ Đ½Ñ‘Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ´ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° и Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ², уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ·Đ°Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… MACRO. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ {gnn}и {phk}. Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Wiki Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° http://wikitest.freebsd.org/moin.cgi/K[здеÑ�ÑŒ].
+* *ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¸*: Đ’ Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ…Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ (Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ и Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Ñ…ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹) Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ´ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ°. ĐŸÑ€ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ и, Đ² Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ¸, Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ°. Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°ĐµÑ‚ mailto:rizzo@icir.org[Luigi Rizzo].
+
+Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ² Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ link:../../[Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD] или Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… link:../../news/status[Đ�Ñ‚Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚].
+
+[[mentors]]
+== Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ½Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đº Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ из Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ из Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¹.
+
+* *Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸*: {alfred}, {brooks} и {sam}
+* *Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹*: {scottl}, {alfred}
+* *GEOM*: {phk}
+* *ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² / Đ˜Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�*: re@FreeBSD.org
+* *TrustedBSD / Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ*: {rwatson}
+* *ĐŸĐ¾Đ´ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¸*: {luigi}.
+* *ACPI*: {njl} и {bruno}.
+* *Đ—Đ²ÑƒĐº*: {matk}.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Đ½Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Google Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ же Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ± Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� proposals@FreeBSD.org.
+
+[[faq]]
+== ЧаÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹
+
+* *ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¹Đ´Ñƒ ли Ñ�?*
++
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº http://code.google.com/summfaq.html[FAQ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²] ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Google Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đº ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼.
+* *Đ�Đ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ²ĐºÑƒ?*
++
+Đ¤Đ¾Đ½Đ´ Perl Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ http://www.perlfoundation.org/gc/grants/proposals.html[HOWTO], Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ²ĐºÑƒ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼.
+* *Đ�Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đº?*
++
+Đ—Đ°Ñ�Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Google Đ´Đ¾ 14 иÑ�Đ½Ñ�.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/prstats/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/prstats/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ff0ea1105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/prstats/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° PR"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+= Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° PR
+
+'''''
+
+== Đ’Đ¾Đ·ÑŒĐ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ и иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ/Đ·Đ°ĐºÑ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ PR!
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ»ĐµĐ³ĐºĐ¾. Đ’Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿o http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi[Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… GNATS], Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ PR, Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, и Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ€, Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñƒ `edit-pr` Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ·Đ°ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� PRĐ¾Đ².
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ½ĐµÑ‚, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ, Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚:
+
+....
+This PR can be closed
+....
+
+Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ¶Đµ.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾ базе Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… PR, Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ http://people.freebsd.org/~edwin/gnats/[Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ‹].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/publish.adoc b/website/content/ru/publish.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0b1810a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/publish.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ FreeBSD
+
+[width="100%",cols="50%,50%",]
+|===
+|image:../../gifs/daemon.gif[FreeBSD Daemon,width=80,height=76] a|
+* <<books,Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ“Đ˜>>
+* <<cdroms,Đ�Đ�ĐœĐŸĐ�Đ�Đ¢-Đ”Đ˜Đ¡Đ�Đ˜>>
+* <<magazines,Đ–Đ£Đ Đ�Đ�ЛЫ>>
+* link:../press/[ĐŸĐ Đ•Đ¡Đ¡Đ�]
+
+|===
+
+ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´Ñ‘Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� FreeBSD. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…/ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… FreeBSD, Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸ÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у www@FreeBSD.org, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚.
+
+link:{handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD] Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¾Đ±ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ½ÑƒÑ� link:{handbook}#bibliography[Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Ñ�].
+
+Đ©Ñ‘Đ»ĐºĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½ĐºĐµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ ÑƒĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+[[books]]
+== Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="20%,80%",]
+|===
+|link:../../gifs/jpb.jpg[image:../../gifs/jp.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=190]] |Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ¢Đ°Ñ†ÑƒĐ¼Đ¸ Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ²Ñ‹ (Tatsumi Hosokawa) и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ…. Đ’ Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� беÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�ĐµĐ»Đ»ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³ Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ…, ее Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐ°Đ»Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ°Đ¶Đ¸ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ Билла Đ“ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Ñ�Đ° "Đ”Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Đ° Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ" Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° из Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ, Đ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đ¼).
+|link:../../gifs/205-jpb.jpg[image:../../gifs/205-jp.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=208]] |(Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ 2.0.5, Đ¾Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� "FreeBSD: Fun and easy Installation" (Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° FreeBSD: ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ и ÑƒĐ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾) )
+|link:../../gifs/pc98-jpb.jpg[image:../../gifs/pc98-jp.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=194]] |(Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ 2.0.5, Đ¾Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� "FreeBSD Introductory Kit" (Đ’Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºÑƒÑ€Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD) )
+|link:../../gifs/comp_b.jpg[image:../../gifs/complete.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=228]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° "FreeBSD Complete", Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� BSDi Ñ� Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ, Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¸.
+|link:../../gifs/twb.jpg[image:../../gifs/tw.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=200]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ (Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ¾ 1997) Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ² Đ¢Đ°Đ¹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đµ. Đ�Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ·Đ°Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° "FreeBSD: introduction and applications" (FreeBSD: Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ), Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Jian-Da Li.
+|link:../../gifs/getstarb.jpg[image:../../gifs/getstart.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=188]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ "Getting Started with FreeBSD" (Đ˜Đ·ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD) Đ¾Ñ‚ Fuki-Shuppan. Đ’ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ² Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Đº, здеÑ�ÑŒ ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¸Đ·ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đµ (Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ĐºĐ¸ и Ñ‚Đ´.). Đ�Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� FreeBSD-2.2.2R и XFree86-3.2. 264 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†, 3,400 Đ¹ĐµĐ½.
+|link:../../gifs/starkitb.jpg[image:../../gifs/starkit.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=235]] |Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° "Personal Unix Starter Kit - FreeBSD" Đ¾Ñ‚ ASCII. Đ’ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� UNIX(R), Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². Đ�Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ 2.1.7.1R и Free86-3.2. 384 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†, 3,000 Đ¹ĐµĐ½.
+|link:../../gifs/bsdmb.jpg[image:../../gifs/bsdm.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=235]] |BSD mit Methode, M. Schulze, B. Roehrig, M. Hoelzer und andere, C&L Computer und Literatur Verlag, 1998, 850 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†. 2 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ°, FreeBSD 2.2.6, NetBSD 1.2.1 и 1.3.2, OpenBSD 2.2 и 2.3. DM 98,-.
+|link:../../gifs/instmanb.jpg[image:../../gifs/instman.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=200]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° "FreeBSD Install and utilization manual" Đ¾Ñ‚ Mainichi Communications. Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¾Ñ‚ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ´Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Đ¿Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ¼ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¸. Đ�Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� 2.2.7-RELEASE FreeBSD(98)2.2.7-Rev01 PAO и Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ иÑ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ². 472 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†, 3,600 Đ¹ĐµĐ½.
+|link:../../gifs/urmb.jpg[image:../../gifs/urm.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=220]] |"Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD" Đ¾Ñ‚ Mainichi Communications, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° "jpman project" Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¸. Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ° 1 Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° FreeBSD. Đ�Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� 2.2.7-RELEASE FreeBSD(98)2.2.7-Rev01 и PAO. 1,040 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†, 3,800 Đ¹ĐµĐ½.
+|link:../../gifs/samb.jpg[image:../../gifs/sam.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=220]] |Đ�Đ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° "FreeBSD System Administrator's Manual" Đ¾Ñ‚ Mainichi Communications, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° "jpman project" Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¸. Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¾Đ² 5 и 8 Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° FreeBSD. 756 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†, 3,300 Đ¹ĐµĐ½.
+|link:../../gifs/aboutfb.jpg[image:../../gifs/aboutf.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=184]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° "Đ� FreeBSD" Đ¾Ñ‚ Youngjin.com. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� FreeBSD Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµĐ´ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ² Đ�Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ. Đ�Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ»Ñ�Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¸ Đ�Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸. 3.5.1-RELEASE/PAO и 4.1-RELEASE Đ½Đ° 3 CDROM-Đ°Ñ…. 788 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†, 26,000 Đ²Đ¾Đ½.
+|http://maxwell.itb.ac.id/bukudepan.jpg[image:../../gifs/bukudepan.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=178,height=280]] |Onno W Purbo, Dodi Maryanto, Syahrial Hubbany, Widjil Widodo: http://maxwell.itb.ac.id/[Building Internet Server with FreeBSD] (Đ½Đ° Đ¸Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ·Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ·Ñ‹ĐºĐµ), Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ http://www.elexmedia.co.id/[Elex Media Komputindo], 2000.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdhandbk[image:../../gifs/bsdi-handbook.png[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=171,height=220]] |The FreeBSD Handbook 1st Edition Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ иÑ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ¿Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘. April 2000, BSDi. ISBN 1-57176-241-8
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdcomp[image:../../gifs/bsdcomp-4.2.gif[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=200,height=220]] |The Complete FreeBSD with CDs, 3rd Ed, FreeBSD 4.2. Đ’Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ� FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� 4 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ FreeBSD! Đ”Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°: Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000 ISBN: 1-57176-246-9
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdhandbk[image:../../gifs/wr-handbook-2nd.png[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=172,height=220]] |The FreeBSD Handbook 2nd Edition Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ иÑ�Ñ‡ĐµÑ€Đ¿Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸Đº и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD. ЗдеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ°, Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD и Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘. November 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-303-1
+|http://www.freebsd-corp-net-guide.com[image:../../gifs/fbsdcng-english.png[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=147,height=184]] |"The FreeBSD Corporate Networker's Guide" Mittelstaedt, Ted. Addison Wesley, 2000. +
+Đ¡ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ Đ´Đ²Đ° Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ°: Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ диÑ�Đº 1 Đ¾Ñ‚ FreeBSD 4.2, Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ диÑ�Đº 1 Đ¾Ñ‚ FreeBSD 4.4. 400 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†. ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ´ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ² 2001 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ. +
+The Networker's Guide Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Đ² Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Đ¼ ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Ñ� Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2K. +
+Đ�Đ½Đ³Đ»Đ¸Đ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�: 2000, Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-70481-1 +
+Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ�: 2001, Pearson Education Japan. ISBN 4-89471-464-7
+|http://www.bittreepress.com/FreeBSD/introbook/[image:../../gifs/fbsd-ososfypc.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸,width=150,height=188]] |"FreeBSD, An Open-Source Operating System for Your Personal Computer", Annelise Anderson. +
+Đ—Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ� FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и UNIX. Đ� ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ CD-ROM Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ 4.4, и Đ¾Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�; Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ¾ Đ·Đ²ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ¼, X Window, Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ� и Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�; Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ° и Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Second Edition. Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001, The Bit Tree Press. ISBN 0-9712045-1-9
+|http://www.AbsoluteBSD.com/[image:../../gifs/abs_bsd_cov.gif[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ¸ Absolute BSD,width=165,height=207]] |Absolute BSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đµ. Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2002, http://www.nostarch.com/[No Starch Press.] ISBN 1-886411-74-3
+|http://elibrary.fultus.com/mergedProjects/FreeBSD%20Documentation/index.htm[image:../../gifs/fultus-cover.gif[FreeBSD Open Documentation Library,width=150,height=211]] a|
+http://www.fultus.com/[Fultus] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ *FreeBSD Open Documentation Library*. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ *Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹* Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đµ http://elibrary.fultus.com/mergedProjects/FreeBSD%20Documentation/index.htm[Đ¾Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½] Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ Đ¢ĐµÑ…Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ›Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ¸ Fultus http://elibrary.fultus.com/[eLibrary] и Fultus Online Book http://store.fultus.com/advanced_search_result.php?keywords=FreeBSD[Superstore] Đ² Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…:
+
+* Đ�Đ½Đ»Đ°Đ¹Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° (Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼) (Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ° Ñ� Mozilla, Netscape Navigator & IE);
+* Đ¤Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ Adobe PDF Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾Đº Bookmark (Đ´Đ»Ñ� деÑ�ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ² и PDA);
+* Đ�Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ HTML (chm) (Đ´Đ»Ñ� Windows).
+
+Đ—Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹? +
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾ FreeBSD eBooks и Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ http://www.fultus.com/free/documentation.phtml[FreeBSD Documentation] Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ http://www.fultus.com/[Fultus].
+
+|===
+
+[[cdroms]]
+== Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ… Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° link:../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD].
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="20%,80%",]
+|===
+|link:../../gifs/bsdiscb.jpg[image:../../gifs/bsdisc.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=141]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ BSDisc Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ InfoMagic, Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ FreeBSD 2.0 и NetBSD 1.0 Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ CD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Đº, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-44lite2b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-44lite2.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=142]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· 4.4 BSD Lite2 Đ¾Ñ‚ UC Berkeley, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñƒ FreeBSD.
+|link:../../gifs/las512b.jpg[image:../../gifs/las512.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=171]] |ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ из Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² "BSD" Đ¾Ñ‚ Laser5. Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ FreeBSD-2.0.5R, NetBSD-1.0, XFree86-3.1.1 и Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ FreeBSD(98).
+|link:../../gifs/las523b.jpg[image:../../gifs/las523.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=132]] |Đ’Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ из Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¸ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² "BSD" Đ¾Ñ‚ Laser5. Đ�Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии, ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²ĐºĐ»Đ°Đ´Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½ÑƒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐºÑƒ. Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ FreeBSD-2.1R, NetBSD-1.1, XFree86-3.1.2 и 3.1.2A, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đ¾ FreeBSD(98) (2.0.5).
+|link:../../gifs/las5b.jpg[image:../../gifs/las5.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=128]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°ĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD CDROM Đ¾Ñ‚ Laser5. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ из 4 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ².
+|link:../../gifs/phtb.jpg[image:../../gifs/pht.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=151,height=150]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Đº Ñ� FreeBSD, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Pacific Hitech Đ´Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ» Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Ñ� Đ»Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ� Walnut Creek CDROM. PHT Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº FreeBSD/J (Japanese).
+|link:../../gifs/coverb.jpg[image:../../gifs/cover.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=150]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ диÑ�Đº Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ�Đ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ link:#magazines[Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°]. Đ�Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Ñ…ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�! Đ�Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD 2.2.1 Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-10b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-10.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=143]] |Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ½ - Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº Ñ� FreeBSD! Đ˜ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD, и Walnut Creek CDROM Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ°, и Đ²Ñ‹ без Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ° ÑƒĐ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° и Ñ�ĐµĐ¹Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-11b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-11.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=150]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ„Đ¸Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Walnut Creek CDROM и Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¸ 1.x (из-Đ·Đ° иÑ�ĐºĐ° USL/Novell и Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�ÑƒĐ´Đ°). Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· FreeBSD 1.1.5 Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ² Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-blunb.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-blun.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=148]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½ĐµÑ€Đ°, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ и ÑƒĐ½Đ¸Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹. Đ˜Đ·-Đ·Đ° Đ½ĐµÑƒĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¸Đº Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼, Đ° Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�ц "January" (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ) Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ½ĐµĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ°Đº "Jaunary", Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ уÑ�Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€ ÑƒĐ´Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ледÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹-Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Đ½ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ·Đ° Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐµ.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-200b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-200.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=149]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ� FreeBSD 2.0. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ†Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ², Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии и Đ½Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đµ, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ диÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¸.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-205b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-205.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=151]] |Релиз FreeBSD 2.0.5 Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº Ñ� Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼, Đ½Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¢Đ°Ñ‚Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¸ Đ¥Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ (Tatsumi Hosokawa).
+|link:../../gifs/wc-21b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-21.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=149]] |Релиз FreeBSD 2.1 Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº из Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ 2.1 (Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» 2.1.7).
+|link:../../gifs/wc-215b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-215.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=149]] |Релиз FreeBSD 2.1.5 Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-216b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-216.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=148]] |Релиз FreeBSD 2.1.6 Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-216jpb.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-216jp.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=150]] |Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� 2.1.6. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¯Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ диÑ�Đº, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ WC, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Tatsumi Hosokawa и Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Pacific Hitech и Laser5.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-217b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-217.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=149]] |Релиз FreeBSD 2.1.7 Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº из Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ 2.1.x. Đ’ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½ ĐºĐ°Đº иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ 2.1.6.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-22snapb.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-22snap.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=148]] |Đ Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· 2.2 (Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ´Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° 2.2.1).
+|link:../../gifs/wc-221b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-221.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=148]] |Релиз FreeBSD 2.2.1 Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Đº Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ 2.2.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-222b.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-222.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=152]] |Релиз FreeBSD 2.2.2 Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐµ.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-30snab.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-30sna.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=148]] |Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�Đº Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD 3.0.
+|link:../../gifs/wc-docsb.jpg[image:../../gifs/wc-docs.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=150,height=148]] |Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ и Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ¹, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ HTML и Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ½Ñƒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹. Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ´Đ²Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ°, Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»Đ¸ÑˆĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ диÑ�ĐºĐµ. ĐœĐ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° диÑ�ĐºĐ¸ DVD Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸...
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdtool[image:../../gifs/wc-bsdtool.gif[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=200,height=166]] |FreeBSD Toolkit: Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ из ÑˆĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ³Đ»ÑƒĐ±Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� FreeBSD.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/wc-bsdalph-4.2.gif[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=242,height=200]] |FreeBSD Alpha 4.2 - ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� 64-Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ UNIX Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ DEC Alpha.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/wc-freebsd-4.2b.gif[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=255,height=200]] |FreeBSD 4.2: ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� 32-Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ UNIX Đ´Đ»Ñ� PC.
+|http://www.lob.de/[image:../../gifs/lob-freebsd-4.2.gif[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=255,height=218]] |FreeBSD 4.2 CD-ROM. Lehmanns CD-ROM Edition. Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2001, 4 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ°. Lehmanns Fachbuchhandlung. Germany. ISBN 3-931253-72-4.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/wr-freebsd43.png[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=240,height=207]] |FreeBSD 4.3 RELEASE CDROM. April 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-300-7.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/cgi-bin/fm/bsdtool[image:../../gifs/wr-bsdtool-june2001.png[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=240,height=202]] |FreeBSD Toolkit: Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ из ÑˆĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ FreeBSD. June 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-301-5.
+|link:gifs/lob-freebsd-4.4.gif[image:../../gifs/lob-freebsd-4.4.gif[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=243,height=207]] |FreeBSD 4.4 CD-ROM. Lehmanns CD-ROM Edition. Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001, 6 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ² Jewel-ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ĐºĐµ. http://www.lob.de/[Lehmanns Fachbuchhandlung]. Germany. ISBN 3-931253-84-8.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/wr-freebsd44.png[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=240,height=208]] |FreeBSD 4.4 RELEASE CDROM. Wind River Systems. September 2001. ISBN 1-57176-304-X.
+|http://www.freebsdmall.com/[image:../../gifs/fm-freebsd45.png[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° CD,width=240,height=205]] |FreeBSD 4.5 RELEASE CDROM. February 2002, FreeBSD Mall Inc. ISBN 1-57176-306-6.
+|===
+
+[[magazines]]
+== Đ–ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Ñ‹
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="20%,80%",]
+|===
+|link:../../gifs/krb.jpg[image:../../gifs/kr.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°,width=150,height=213]] |Đ�Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐ¹Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° UNIX magazine, Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ·Đ° ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 1997. Đ�Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼ CD Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� link:#221cd[FreeBSD 2.2.1].
+|link:../../gifs/unixuserb.jpg[image:../../gifs/unixuser.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°,width=150,height=199]] |UNIX User Magazine, Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ·Đ° Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1996. Đ�Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼ CD Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� FreeBSD 2.1.5.
+|link:../../gifs/fullcourse3b.jpg[image:../../gifs/fullcourse3.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°,width=149,height=193]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº "FreeBSD Full Course" Đ·Đ° Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 1997 Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ° Software Design (Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Gijutsu Hyoron Sha). Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ 80 Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ† Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾ FreeBSD, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ´Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� -current.
+|link:../../gifs/smart-reseller.jpg[image:../../gifs/smart-reseller-small.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°,width=149,height=193]] |http://www.zdnet.com/sr/stories/issue/0,4537,349576,00.html[Quality Unix for FREE], Đ‘Ñ€ĐµÑ‚Ñ‚Đ° Đ“Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ�Đ° (Brett Glass) Đ² http://www.zdnet.com/sr/[Sm@rt Reseller Online] Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998
+|link:../../gifs/bsdmagazine.jpg[image:../../gifs/bsdmagazine.jpg[Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ°,width=150,height=196]] |Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¶ÑƒÑ€Đ½Đ°Đ» "BSD magazine", Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ ASCII, Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¾Đµ Đ² Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° BSD. BSD magazine Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½ FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD и BSD/OS. Đ’ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Đ²Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ BSD, уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ и Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…/Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ°Ñ…; Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ²Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ 4 ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ� FreeBSD 3.2-RELEASE, NetBSD 1.4.1 и OpenBSD 2.5.
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/announce.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/announce.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9a48eb19b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/announce.html
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
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+                    <li>đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(óÔÁ̉ÙÊ) đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
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+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>áÎÏÎÓ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</h1>
+
+    <p><b>Date:</b> Sat, 06 Nov 2004 16:19:57 -0700<br clear="none" />
+      <b>From:</b> Scott Long &lt;scottl@FreeBSD.org&gt;<br clear="none" />
+      <b>To:</b> freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org<br clear="none" />
+      <b>Subject:</b> [FreeBSD-Announce] FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Announcement</p>
+
+    <p>đÏ̀ØÚƠÑÓØ Ó×ÏÅÊ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÅÊ, Ñ Ó ƠÄÏ×Ï̀ØÓÔ×ÉÅÍ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀ ̉Å̀ÉÚ
+      FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE.  üÔÏÔ ̉Å̀ÉÚ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ×ÅÈÏÊ × ÓÅ̉ÉÉ FreeBSD 5.x
+      É ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ̉Å̀ÉÚÙ ×ÅÔ×É 5-STABLE.  îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÓÏ
+      ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ 5.2.1 ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><p>ä̀Ñ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ i386 ÂÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÊ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ,
+	  ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÑÄ̉Ơ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Microsoft Windows
+	  NDIS.</p></li>
+
+      <li><p>đÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÓÅÔÉ É ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÁ É ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏ
+	  ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÁ.  üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÔØ
+	  SMP ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ÉÚÍ Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
+	  ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ỔÁÆÉËÁ.</p></li>
+
+      <li><p>ó̉ÅÄÁ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÄÏ GCC 3.4.2, Binutils
+	  2.15, É GDB 6.1</p></li>
+
+      <li><p>éÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÁÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ç̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÁÑ Ó̉ÅÄÁ ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÄÏ
+	  X.org 6.7, Gnome 2.6.2 É KDE 3.3.0.</p></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, Đ̉É ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+      ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÏÛÉÂÏË, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á
+      API ÑÄ̉Á É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.  đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ É ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÁÍ
+      ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄ ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.x, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÓÅ̉ÉÑ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+      FreeBSD 5.x ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ "ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÔÅÈÎÏ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ".
+      éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄƠ Ó FreeBSD 4.x ÎÁ 5.x ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.3R/migration-guide.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.3R/migration-guide.html</a></p>
+
+    <p>úÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ É ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ
+      Ë ÚÁÍÅÔËÁÍ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ É ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ:</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html</a><br clear="none" />
+      <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.3R/errata.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.3R/errata.html</a></p>
+
+    <p>úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ
+      Ë:</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng" shape="rect">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng</a></p>
+
+    <h2>äÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ</h2>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ i386, pc98, alpha, sparc64,
+      amd64, É ia64 É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ Ó
+      ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ É̀É ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ ÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÊ
+      NFS/FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉.  îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐƠẦÉËÁĂÉÉ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ
+      ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ.</p>
+
+    <p>đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD ĐƠÔÅÍ ĐÏËƠĐËÉ
+      ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ï× ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÎÁÛÉÈ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ.  ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÉ
+      Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÀÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.3 Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><p>FreeBSD Mall, Inc.
+	  <tt><a href="http://www.freebsdmall.com/" shape="rect">http://www.freebsdmall.com/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p>Daemonnews, Inc.
+          <tt><a href="http://www.bsdmall.com/freebsd1.html" shape="rect">http://www.bsdmall.com/freebsd1.html</a></tt></p></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀.  íÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÍ
+      ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ ÂƠÄƠÔ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÏẨÁÚÙ ISO, ÎÏ
+      ÏÎÉ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ Ó ÎÉÖÅĐ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÁÊÔÏ×.  ëÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ
+      ÓƠÍÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ× ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ × ËÏÎÅĂ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+    <h2>Bittorrent</h2>
+
+    <p>Bittorrent ÂÙ̀ Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÜËÓĐÅ̉ÉÍÅÎÔÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÏÓÎÏ×Å.  ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ
+      Ä̀Ñ ISO ÏẨÁÚÏ× ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://people.freebsd.org/~scottl/5.3-torrent" shape="rect">http://people.freebsd.org/~scottl/5.3-torrent</a></tt></p>
+
+    <h2>FTP</h2>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp4.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp4.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp6.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp6.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp7.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp7.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp10.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp10.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp1.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp1.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp3.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp3.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp10.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp10.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp11.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp11.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p><tt><a href="ftp://ftp15.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp15.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></p></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÊ FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ
+      ÓỔÁÎÁÈ: á̉ÇÅÎÔÉÎÁ, á×ÓỔÁ̀ÉÑ, ẩÁÚÉ̀ÉÑ, âÏ̀ÇÁ̉ÉÑ, ëÁÎÁÄÁ, ëÉÔÁÊ,
+      ₫ÅÛÓËÁÑ ̉ÅÓĐƠẦÉËÁ, äÁÎÉÑ, üÓÔÏÎÉÑ, æÉÎ̀ÑÎÄÉÑ, æ̉ÁÎĂÉÑ, çÅ̉ÍÁÎÉÑ,
+      çÏÎËÏÎÇ, ÷ÅÎÇ̉ÉÑ, éÓ̀ÁÎÄÉÑ, é̉̀ÁÎÄÉÑ, ñĐÏÎÉÑ, ëÏ̉ÅÑ, ́ÉÔ×Á, Amylonia,
+      îÉÄÅ̉̀ÁÎÄÙ, îÏ×ÁÑ úÅ̀ÁÎÄÉÑ, đÏ̀ØÛÁ, đÏ̉ÔƠÇÁ̀ÉÑ, ̣ƠÍÙÎÉÑ, ̣ÏÓÓÉÑ,
+      óÁƠÄÏ×ÓËÁÑ á̉Á×ÉÑ, àÖÎÁÑ áÆ̉ÉËÁ, ó̀Ï×ÁĂËÁÑ ̣ÅÓĐƠẦÉËÁ, ó̀Ï×ÅÎÉÑ,
+      éÓĐÁÎÉÑ, û×ÅĂÉÑ, ôÁÊ×ÁÎØ, ôÁÉ̀ÁÎÄ, ơË̉ÁÉÎÁ, É ÷Å̀ÉËÏẨÉÔÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+    <p>đÅ̉ÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĂÅÎỔÁ̀ØÎÙÍ FTP ÓÁÊÔÏÍ, Đ̉Ï×Å̉ØÔÅ
+      ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á, ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó:</p>
+
+    <p>ftp://ftp.&lt;yourdomain&gt;.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD</p>
+
+    <p>́ÀÂÙÅ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓÁÊÔÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ ftp2, ftp3
+       É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ.</p>
+
+    <p>äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ:</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" shape="rect">
+      http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html</a></tt></p>
+
+    <p>úÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD, ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë Ç̀Á×Å 2 ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+      FreeBSD.  ÷ ÎÅÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÏÂÚÏ̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+      FreeBSD, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ĐÏ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÍƠ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ:</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html</a></tt></p>
+
+    <h2>ầÁÇÏÄÁ̉ÎÏÓÔÉ</h2>
+
+    <p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÉ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×É̀É ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÓÅÔÉ, É̀É
+      ̃Å̀Ï×ÅËÏ-̃ÁÓÙ × ĐÏ̉ÑÄËÅ ÆÉÎÁÎÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD 5.3,
+      × ÔÏÍ ̃ÉÓ̀Å FreeBSD Mall, Compaq, Yahoo!, Sentex Communications,
+      Sandvine, Inc., FreeBSD Systems, Inc, and NTT/Verio.</p>
+
+    <p>ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 5.3-RELEASE ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ:</p>
+
+    <table border="0">
+      <tbody>
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scott Long &lt;<a href="mailto:scottl@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">scottl@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ I386 É AMD64</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ken Smith &lt;<a href="mailto:kensmith@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">kensmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">̣Å̀ÉÚÙ I386 É Sparc64, ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ, ËÏÏ̉ÄÉÎÁĂÉÑ ÓÁÊÔÏ× ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hiroki Sato &lt;<a href="mailto:hrs@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">hrs@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ É ËÏÏ̉ÄÉÎÁĂÉÑ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Robert Watson &lt;<a href="mailto:rwatson@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">rwatson@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">John Baldwin &lt;<a href="mailto:jhb@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">jhb@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Murray Stokely &lt;<a href="mailto:murray@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">murray@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marcel Moolenaar &lt;<a href="mailto:marcel@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">marcel@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IA64 óÂÏ̉ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Takahashi Yoshihiro &lt;<a href="mailto:nyan@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">nyan@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ PC98</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wilko Bulte &lt;<a href="mailto:wilko@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">wilko@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Alpha</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kris Kennaway &lt;<a href="mailto:kris@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">kris@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joe Marcus Clarke &lt;<a href="mailto:marcus@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">marcus@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jacques A. Vidrine &lt;<a href="mailto:nectar@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">nectar@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ïÆÉĂÅ̉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</td>
+	</tr>
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+
+    <h2>ëÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ ÏẨÁÚÏ× CD</h2>
+
+    <p>ä̀Ñ Alpha:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-alpha-bootonly.iso) = 82fd65e9cfdb6431934d0f1c1b6a15a3
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-alpha-disc1.iso) = f7d2267e623be6e7409c119b46982061
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-alpha-disc2.iso) = 26ab899510752a05bf0019529b3ae09e
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-alpha-miniinst.iso) = 3cc9b2881ea519027fbec6f95ab2ea84</pre>
+
+    <p>ä̀Ñ amd64:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso) = 3b13650ee101461d55233d2648402cfd
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-amd64-disc2.iso) = f35d3c6f46499ffab755ccf9b63cd558
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-amd64-miniinst.iso) = 1efce73bf26984feb6128518b225ad7e
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso) = 22894ae0c26f03537608d06815700148</pre>
+
+    <p>ä̀Ñ i386:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso) = e370ae39bb34f0789c638b6ad50038a2
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso) = fbcbfdff31f27de396f257e0a37a78b8
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-i386-disc2.iso) = 21874a5663022768336e4cc73d1dd30d
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-i386-miniinst.iso) = 96124b2608ba481693e04d364d485e3c</pre>
+
+    <p>ä̀Ñ ia64:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-ia64-bootonly.iso) = 2e5dfceb79b2975885cab6b318c965b8
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-ia64-disc1.iso) = 61b5bc276bf2b75aed0908802ea12926
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-ia64-disc2.iso) = 02613e71ea7e04c43f75a8feccb0bdfa
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-ia64-miniinst.iso) = 709233fd711756966f298e31bcab4e45</pre>
+
+    <p>ä̀Ñ pc98:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-pc98-disc2.iso) = 373ddc67857b90b34190ad07a23e5298
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-pc98-miniinst.iso) = 01735af51f7b7f6ce37314e5ec49a842</pre>
+
+    <p>ä̀Ñ sparc64:</p>
+
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-sparc64-bootonly.iso)= db98df3d41cb20d6cdac668125736880
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-sparc64-disc1.iso) = cd960f33a4e4ae33628b28580900932a
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-sparc64-disc2.iso) = 058c9fce47fec044e6be91773532293a
+MD5 (5.3-RELEASE-sparc64-miniinst.iso)= 05eb044da17fda978f88716a8203be3d</pre>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">ëÁ̉ÔÁ ÓÁÊÔÁ</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">ơÓ̀Ï×ÉÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a> | ¿ 1995-2014
+  đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD. ÷ÓÅ Đ̉Á×Á ÚÁƯÉƯÅÎÙ.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/errata.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/errata.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13caf774fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/errata.html
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>óĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">óĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/errata/article.sgml,v 1.1.2.2
+2004/11/10 11:10:06 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN20" name="AEN20"></a>
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÊ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ÎÁ ĐÏÚÄÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É ÎÅ ĐÏĐÁ×ÛƠÀ ×
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÎÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚ. üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÉ,
+ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÍƠ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ É ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. đÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÜÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ó×Å̉ÑÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÂƠÄÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÉ Ï FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE. đÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÜÔÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉ÏËÏÎÓỜØÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï
+ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÖÅ ÍÏÇ̀É ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ É
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>́ÀÂÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÑÅÍÁÑ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÎÁ CDROM
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Å), ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å̀Á ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏĐÉÉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ É ÉÈ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ËÁË ``ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ'' ÜÔÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. üÔÉ ËÏĐÉÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/</a> É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÙÈ ÓÁÊÔÁÈ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÈ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á ÜÔÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÜĐÛÏÔÙ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÁÈ É ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÙ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏĐÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ (ÎÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ).</p>
+
+<p>úÁ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD CERT ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/</a> É̀É <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>(18 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>; ÏÎÁ
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ HTTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ỠÁÓÔËÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:16</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OPEN-ISSUES" name="OPEN-ISSUES">3. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>(31 ÏËÔÑẨÑ 2004) ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̀ÏÈÏ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ĐÏÄ ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ. ÷ ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÂÙ̀É ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ÎÁ IBM ThinkPad
+T40 ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×Á̀ÓÑ × ÔÁËÉÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p>(31 ÏËÔÑẨÑ 2004) âÙ̀É ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×Á̀ÓÑ
+Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ Đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× ASUStek. ä̀Ñ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ
+(down, up) É/É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+
+<p>(31 ÏËÔÑẨÑ 2004) ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ. đ̉É ÜÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÉ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÑ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÁ, É ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏ̉
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ĐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ïÂÈÏÄÎÙÅ ĐƠÔÉ ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>éÚ×̀ÅËÉÔÅ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ø É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÏẨÁÔÎÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁĐÉÓÉ CD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ctrl-C, ÅÓ̀É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ̀ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Á ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏ̉ ĐÏÇÁÓ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>(31 ÏËÔÑẨÑ 2004) đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÈ/Ç̉ƠĐĐÏ×ÙÈ Đ̉Á×É̀ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ
+× <var class="LITERAL">0</var> (ÏÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var class="LITERAL">1</var> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̉Á×É̀:</p>
+
+<p>Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to 192.168.2.1 uid root
+</pre>
+
+<p>Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+block log quick proto { tcp, udp } all user root
+</pre>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> × <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> Đ̉É ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+debug.mpsafenet=0
+</pre>
+
+<p>çÏ×Ï̉Ñ ÔÏ̃ÎÅÅ, ÜÔÏ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍ <var class="LITERAL">group</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">user</var> × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, É Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍ
+<var class="LITERAL">gid</var>, <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, É <var
+class="LITERAL">uid</var> × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>. åÓ̀É
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">1</var>, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁ×ÉÓÎƠÔØ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ × Ó̀ÏÅ ÓÏËÅÔÁ.
+âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>(31 ÏËÔÑẨÑ 2004, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ 12 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) đÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a>
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ 5.3, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ĐÁÎÉËƠ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. ÷ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ
+ĐƠÔÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ <var class="LITERAL">vinum_load="YES"</var> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×Ù ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ƠÀ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎƠÀ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a>. ä̀Ñ
+ÁËÔÉ×ÁĂÉÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ vinum ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">geom_vinum_load="YES"</var> × <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>
+É ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ <var class="LITERAL">start_vinum="YES"</var> ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>, ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÁ ÔÁÍ ÅÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÄËÏ ×ÓỔÅ̃ÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÏ× vinum ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ, × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÔÎÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏ. éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ Ó
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> vinum
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>, É ÏÎÁ ĐÏËÁ
+ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>(31 ÏËÔÑẨÑ 2004) ̣ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ <tt class="COMMAND">netstat -m</tt> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÙÍ ÎÁ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var>
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var class="LITERAL">1</var> (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ). üÔÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÏ ÏÛÉÂËÏÊ
+``race condition'' × ÓÂÏ̉Å ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ, Á ÎÅ ƠÔÅ̃ËÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>(31 ÏËÔÑẨÑ 2004, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ 5 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) ÷ FreeBSD/i386 É FreeBSD/amd64, Đ̉É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD 5.3 Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÓÔÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÁ PS/2. ÷ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ĐƠÔÉ, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Escape to loader prompt'' × ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ É ××ÅÄÉÔÅ ×
+Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓỔÏËÉ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+set hint.atkbd.0.flags="0x1"
+boot
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÜÔÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ
+ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ
+ÓỔÏËƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+hint.atkbd.0.flags="0x1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>(1 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ULE, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × ÚÁÍÅÔËÁÈ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÂÙ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÓÔØÀ.</p>
+
+<p>(1 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ, ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÎÅ ĐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËƠ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a>, Á Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ,
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ <b class="APPLICATION">libthr</b>, ĐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎƠÀ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËƠ.</p>
+
+<p>(1 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ATA RAID Ä̀Ñ CMD649 É SiI0680 ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× ÎÅ
+ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÁ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÁËÔÉ×É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÏÄ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> (ataraid) ×
+5.3, ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ RAID, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÎÙÅ × 5.2 É̀É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>(3 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) ä̀Ñ FreeBSD/i386 É FreeBSD/amd64, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SMP × ÑÄ̉Å <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ SMP ÑÄ̉Ï ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏÎÉÖÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ ƠĐÏÍÑÎƠÔÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ. âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÆÁỀ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÑÄ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">SMP</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ SMP.
+äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ ÓÂÏ̉ËÅ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html</a>.</p>
+
+<p>(4 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> (ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ
+ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a>) ÎÅ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÎÅĂ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ̀ÅÎÔÙ É̀É ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ÅÇÏ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="OPTION">-f</var>. ÷ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gtar</span>(1)</span></a> (<b
+class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b>).</p>
+
+<p>(9 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) ïÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ÔÏÍÏ× RAID5 ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ. ïỒÉ̃ÎÙÅ ÏÔ RAID5 ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ
+(ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË RAID1) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ ÂÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ × ×ÅÔ×É
+RELENG_5.</p>
+
+<p>(9 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) ÷ FreeBSD ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ 5.3-RELEASE ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nslookup</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nsupdate</tt>, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÈ × <b class="APPLICATION">BIND 8</b>
+× Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>(9 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) ÷ ÚÁÍÅÔËÁÈ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/mpd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/mpd</tt></a>, ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÄÏ 5.3-RELEASE
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎ.</p>
+
+<p>(10 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) ÷ ÚÁÍÅÔËÁÈ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÙ/ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÅ × ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÄÏ 5.3-RELEASE É ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×ÙÅ
+ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ POSIX (<b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> É̀É <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>) ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËƠ ``Spinlock called when not
+threaded'' Đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ
+ĐÏÔÏËÏ×ÙÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÀÔ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, Á ÎÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÀÔ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>). ổÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̀ÉÂÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ̀ÉÂÏ
+ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÓỔÏË × <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/libmap.conf</tt>. âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> (20040303 É
+20040130).</p>
+
+<p>(12 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2004) ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-stable"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ Đ̉É ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ VLAN É promiscuous ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ. éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ
+ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ É ÂƠÄÅÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ × ×ÅÔ×Ø ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ 5.3.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LATE-NEWS" name="LATE-NEWS">4. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>îÅÔ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÅÊ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="http://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/">http://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-alpha.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-alpha.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3ba2ef388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-alpha.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5916 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/alpha 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/alpha
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-PROC">Supported processors and motherboards</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN28">Overview</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#AEN44">In general, what do you need to run FreeBSD on an
+Alpha?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#AEN105">System-specific information</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#AEN110">AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.2. <a href="#AEN185">Universal Desktop Box (UDB or ``Multia'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.3. <a href="#AEN274">Personal Workstation (``Miata'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.4. <a href="#AEN384">Evaluation Board 64 family</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.5. <a href="#AEN439">Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'')
+family</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.6. <a href="#AEN508">AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and 400 (``Avanti'')
+series</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.7. <a href="#AEN575">AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor'' &#38; ``Maverick'' for
+EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.8. <a href="#AEN687">AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''), 1000A (``Noritake'') and
+800(``Corelle'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.9. <a href="#AEN743">DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') / XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L
+(``Slate'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.10. <a href="#AEN894">DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.11. <a href="#AEN963">AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.12. <a href="#AEN1009">AlphaServer 2000 (``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A
+(``Lynx'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.13. <a href="#AEN1080">AlphaServer 4x00 (``Rawhide'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.14. <a href="#AEN1113">AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'') and AlphaStation 1200
+(``DaVinci'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.15. <a href="#AEN1143">AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 (``TurboLaser'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.16. <a href="#AEN1186">Alpha Processor Inc. UP1000</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.17. <a href="#AEN1235">Alpha Processor Inc. UP1100</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.18. <a href="#AEN1283">Alpha Processor Inc. CS20, Compaq DS20L</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.19. <a href="#AEN1330">Compaq AlphaServer ES40 (``Clipper'')</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#AEN1367">Supported Hardware Overview</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#AEN1399">Acknowledgments</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ Alpha/AXP ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/alpha
+5.3-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ Alpha/AXP. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-PROC" name="SUPPORT-PROC">2. Supported processors and
+motherboards</a></h2>
+
+<i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Maintained by</span> Wilko Bulte.</i> 
+
+<p>Additions, corrections and constructive criticism are invited. In particular,
+information on system quirks is more than welcome.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN28" name="AEN28">2.1. Overview</a></h3>
+
+<p>This document tries to provide a starting point for those who want to run FreeBSD on
+an Alpha-based machine. It is aimed at providing background information on the various
+hardware designs. It is not a replacement for the systems manuals.</p>
+
+<p>The information is structured as follows:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>general hardware requirements to run FreeBSD on alpha;</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>system specific information for each of the systems/boards supported by FreeBSD;</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>information on expansion boards for FreeBSD, including things that differ from what is
+in the generic supported hardware list.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> You will see references to DEC, Digital Equipment Corporation and
+Compaq used more or less interchangeably. Now that Compaq has acquired Digital Equipment
+it would be more correct to refer to Compaq only. To be completely politically correct
+given that Hewlett Packard in turn has acquired Compaq I probably should be using HP
+everywhere. Given the fact that you will see the mix of names everywhere, I don't
+bother.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> SRM commands will be in <kbd class="USERINPUT">UPPER CASE</kbd>.
+Lower case input is also acceptable to SRM. Upper case is used for clarity.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN44" name="AEN44">2.2. In general, what do you need to run
+FreeBSD on an Alpha?</a></h3>
+
+<p>Obviously you will need an Alpha machine that FreeBSD knows about. Alpha machines are
+NOT like PCs. There are considerable differences between the various core logic chip sets
+and mainboard designs. This means that a kernel needs to know the intimate details of a
+particular machine before it can run on it. Throwing some odd <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel at unknown hardware is almost guaranteed to fail
+miserably.</p>
+
+<p>For a machine even to be considered for FreeBSD use please make sure it has the SRM
+console firmware installed. Or at least make sure that SRM console firmware is available
+for the particular machine type. If FreeBSD does not currently support your machine type,
+there is a good chance that this will change at some point in time, assuming SRM is
+available. All bets are off when SRM console firmware is not available.</p>
+
+<p>Machines with the ARC or AlphaBIOS console firmware were intended for WindowsNT. Some
+have SRM console firmware available in the system ROMs which you only have to select (via
+an ARC or AlphaBIOS menu). In other cases you will have to re-flash the ROMs with SRM
+code. Check on http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware to see what is available for
+your particular system. In any case: no SRM means <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">no</i></span> FreeBSD (or NetBSD, OpenBSD, Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS for
+that matter). With the demise of WindowsNT/alpha a lot of former NT boxes are sold on the
+second hand market. They have little or no trade-in value when they are NT-only from the
+console firmware perspective. So, be suspicious if the price appears too good.</p>
+
+<p>Known non-SRM machines are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Digital XL series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital XLT series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung PC164UX (``Ruffian'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung 164B</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Machines that have SRM but are not supported by FreeBSD are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DECpc 150 (``Jensen'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC 2000/300 (``Jensen'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC 2000/500 (``Culzean'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AXPvme series (``Medulla'')</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>To complicate things a bit further: Digital used to have so called ``white-box'' Alpha
+machines destined as NT-only and ``blue-box'' Alpha machines destined for OpenVMS and
+Digital Unix. These names are based on the color of the cabinets, ``FrostWhite'' and
+``TopGunBlue'' respectively. Although you could put the SRM console firmware on a
+whitebox, OpenVMS and Digital Unix will refuse to boot on them. FreeBSD in
+post-4.0-RELEASE will run on both the white and the blue-box variants. Before someone
+asks: the white ones had a rather different (read: cheaper) Digital price tag.</p>
+
+<p>As part of the SRM you will get the so called OSF/1 PAL code (OSF/1 being the initial
+name of Digital's UNIX offering on Alpha). The PAL code can be thought of as a software
+abstraction layer between the hardware and the operating system. It uses normal CPU
+instruction plus a handful of privileged instructions specific for PAL use. PAL is not
+microcode. The ARC console firmware contains a different PAL code, geared towards WinNT
+and in no way suitable for use by FreeBSD (or more generic: Unix or OpenVMS). Before
+someone asks: Linux/alpha brings its own PAL code, allowing it to boot on ARC and
+AlphaBIOS. There are various reasons why this is not a very good idea in the eyes of the
+*BSD folks. I don't want to go into details here. If you are interested in the gory
+details search the FreeBSD and NetBSD web sites.</p>
+
+<p>There is another pitfall ahead: you will need a disk adapter that the SRM console
+firmware recognizes in order to be able to boot from a disk. What is acceptable to SRM as
+a boot adapter is unfortunately highly system and SRM version dependent. For older PCI
+based machines it means you will need either a NCR/Symbios 53C810 based adapter, or a
+Qlogic 1020/1040 based adapter. Some machines come with a SCSI chip embedded on the
+mainboard. Newer machine designs and SRM versions will be able to work with more modern
+SCSI chips/adapters. Check out the machine specific info below. Please note that the rest
+of this discussion only refers to Symbios chips, this is meant to include the older chips
+that still have NCR stamped on them. Symbios bought NCR sometime.</p>
+
+<p>The problem might bite those who have machines that started their lives as WindowsNT
+boxes. The ARC or AlphaBIOS knows about <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">other</i></span> adapter types that it can boot from than the SRM. For
+example you can boot from an Adaptec 2940UW with ARC/AlphaBios but (generally) not with
+SRM. Some newer machine types have introduced Adaptec boot support. Please consult the
+machine specific section for details.</p>
+
+<p>Most adapters that cannot be booted from work fine for data-only disks. The
+differences between SRM and ARC could also get you pre-packaged IDE CDROMs and hard
+drives in some (former WindowsNT) systems. SRM versions exist (depends on the machine
+type) that can boot from IDE disks and CDROMs. Check the machine specific section for
+details.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 4.0 and later can be booted from the distribution CDROM. Earlier versions
+needed booting from a 2 disk floppy set.</p>
+
+<p>In order to be bootable the root partition (partition a) must be at offset 0 of the
+disk drive. This means you have to use the installer's partitioning menu and start with
+assigning partition a at offset 0 to the root partition. Subsequently layout the rest of
+the partitions to your liking. If you do not adhere to this rule the install will proceed
+just fine, but the system will not be bootable from the freshly installed disk.</p>
+
+<p>If you don't have/want a local disk drive you can boot via the Ethernet. This assumes
+an Ethernet adapter/chip that is recognized by the SRM console. Generally speaking this
+boils down to either a 21040 or 21142 or 21143 based Ethernet interface. Older machines
+or SRM versions may not recognize the 21142 / 21143 Fast Ethernet chips, you are then
+limited to using 10Mbit Ethernet for net booting those machines. Non-DEC cards based on
+said chips will generally (but are not guaranteed to) work. Note that Intel took over the
+21x4x chips when it bought Digital Semiconductor. So you might see an Intel logo on them
+these days. Recent machine designs have SRM support for Intel 8255x Ethernet chips.</p>
+
+<p>Alpha machines can be run with SRM on a graphics console or on a serial console. ARC
+can also be run on a serial consoles if need be. VT100 emulation with 8 bit controls
+should at least allow you to switch from ARC/AlphaBIOS to SRM mode without having to
+install a graphics card first.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to run your Alpha machine without a monitor/graphics card just don't
+connect a keyboard/mouse to the machine. Instead hook up a serial terminal[emulator] to
+serial port #1. The SRM will talk 9600N81 to you. This can also be really practical for
+debugging purposes. Beware: some/most (?) SRMs will also present you with a console
+prompt at serial port #2. The booting kernel, however, will display the boot messages on
+serial port #1 and will also put the console there. <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">This can be extremely confusing.</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Most PCI based Alphas can use ordinary PC-type VGA cards. The SRM contains enough
+smarts to make that work. It does not, however, mean that each and every PCI VGA card out
+on the street will work in an Alpha machine. Things like S3 Trio64, Mach64, and Matrox
+Millennium generally work. Old ET4000 based ISA cards have also worked for me. But ask
+around first before buying.</p>
+
+<p>Most PCI devices from the PC-world will also work in FreeBSD PCI-based machines. Check
+the <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> file for the latest word on this.
+Check the appropriate machine type's discussion in case you want to use PCI cards that
+have PCI bridge chips on them. In some cases you might encounter problems with PCI cards
+not handling PCI parity correctly. This can lead to panics. PCI parity checking can be
+disabled using the following SRM command:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_PARITY OFF</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, all operating systems running on Alpha hardware will
+need this workaround.</p>
+
+<p>If your system (also) contains EISA expansion slots you will need to run the EISA
+Configuration Utility (ECU) after you have installed EISA cards or after you have
+upgraded your console firmware.</p>
+
+<p>For Alpha CPUs you will find multiple generations. The original Alpha design is the
+21064. It was produced in a chip process called MOS4, chips made in this process are
+nicknamed EV4. Newer CPUs are 21164, 21264 etc. You will see designations like EV4S,
+EV45, EV5, EV56, EV6, EV67, EV68. The EVs with double digit numbers are slightly improved
+versions. For example EV45 has an improved FPU and 16 kByte on-chip separate I &amp; D
+caches compared to the EV4 on which it is based. Rule of thumb: the higher the digit
+immediately following ``EV'' the more desirable (read: faster / more modern).</p>
+
+<p>For memory you want at least 32 Mbytes. I have had FreeBSD run on a 16 Mbyte system
+but you will not enjoy that. Kernel build times halved when I went to 32 Mbytes. Note
+that the SRM console steals 2Mbyte from the total system memory (and keeps it). For more
+serious work 64 Mbytes or more are recommended.</p>
+
+<p>While on the subject of memory: pay close attention to the type of memory your machine
+uses. There are very different memory configurations and requirements for the various
+machines.</p>
+
+<p>Final word: I expect the above to sound a bit daunting to the first-time Alpha user.
+Don't be daunted too much. And do feel free to ask questions if something is not clear
+after reading this document.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN105" name="AEN105">2.3. System-specific information</a></h3>
+
+<p>Below is an overview of the hardware that FreeBSD runs on. This list will definitely
+grow, a look in <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> can be
+enlightening.</p>
+
+<p>Alpha machines are often best known by their project code name. Where known these are
+listed below in parentheses.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN110" name="AEN110">2.3.1. AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The NoName is a baby-AT mainboard based on the 21066 LCA (Low Cost Alpha) processor.
+NoName was originally designed for OEM-use. The LCA chip includes almost all of the logic
+to drive a PCI bus and the memory subsystem. All of this makes for a low-priced
+design.</p>
+
+<p>Due to the limited memory interface the system is not particularly fast in case of
+cache misses. As long as you stay inside the on-chip cache the CPU is comparable to a
+21064 (first generation Alpha). These boards should be very cheap to obtain these days.
+It is a full-fledged 64 bit CPU, just don't expect miracles as far as speed goes.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at 233MHz. 21068 CPUs are also possible, but
+are even slower.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 256k or 1 Mbyte (uses DIL chips)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port OR 5pin DIN keyboard (2 mainboard models)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>512kB Flash ROM for the console code.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 embedded IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3 32 bit PCI slots (1 shared with ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>5 ISA slots (1 shared with PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Fast SCSI using a Symbios 53C810 chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NoNames can either have SRM <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">or</i></span>
+ARC console firmware in their Flash ROM. The Flash ROM is not big enough to hold both ARC
+and SRM at the same time and allow software selection of alternate console code. But you
+only need SRM anyway.</p>
+
+<p>Cache for the NoNames are 15 or 20 ns DIL chips. For a 256 kByte cache you want to
+check your junked 486 mainboard. Chips for a 1 Mbyte cache are a rarer breed
+unfortunately. Getting at least a 256kByte cache is recommended performance wise.
+Cache-less they are really slow.</p>
+
+<p>The NoName mainboard has a PC/AT-standard power connector. It also has a power
+connector for 3.3 Volts. No need to rush out to get a new power supply. The 3.3 Volts is
+only needed in case you run 3.3 Volts PCI expansion boards. These are quite rare.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE interface is supported by FreeBSD and requires a line in the kernel
+configuration file as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p>
+
+<p>The SRM console unfortunately <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">cannot
+boot</i></span> from IDE disks. This means you will have to use a SCSI disk as the boot
+device.</p>
+
+<p>The NoName is somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. It needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console.</p>
+
+<p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to press <b
+class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture
+the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but it is worth trying if you are
+greeted by a blank screen after powerup.</p>
+
+<p>Make sure you use true 36 bit SIMMs, and only FPM (Fast Page Mode) DRAM. EDO DRAM or
+SIMMs with fake parity <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">will not
+work</i></span>. The board uses the 4 extra bits for ECC. 33 bit FPM SIMMs will for the
+same reason not work.</p>
+
+<p>Given the choice, get the PS/2-variant mainboard. Apart from giving you a mouse port
+as bonus it is directly supported by Tru64 Unix in case you ever want or need to run it.
+The ``DIN-plug''-variant should work OK for FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci/design_guide.ps" target="_top">OEM
+manual</a> is recommended reading.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a NoName kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_AXPPCI_33           
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN185" name="AEN185">2.3.2. Universal Desktop Box (UDB or
+``Multia'')</a></h4>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Multia can be either Intel or Alpha CPU based. We assume Alpha based
+ones here for obvious reasons.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Multia is a small desktop box intended as a sort of personal workstation. They come in
+a considerable number of variations, check closely what you get.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at 233MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: COAST-like 256 kByte cache module; 233MHz models have
+512kByte of cache; 166MHz models have soldered-on 256kB caches</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 embedded 21040 based 10Mbit Ethernet, AUI and 10base2 connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>1 32 bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCMCIA slots</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Crystal CS4231 or AD1848 sound chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Fast SCSI, using a Symbios 53C810[A] chip on the PCI riser card</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Multia has enough Flash ROM to store both SRM and ARC code at the same time and allow
+software selection of one of them.</p>
+
+<p>The embeded TGA video adapter is <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> currently usable as a FreeBSD console. You will need to
+use a serial console.</p>
+
+<p>Multia has only one 32 bit PCI slot for expansion, and it is only suitable for a small
+form factor PCI card. By sacrificing the PCI slot space you can mount a 3.5&quot; hard
+disk drive. Mounting stuff may have come with your Multia. Adding a 3.5&quot; disk is
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> a recommended upgrade due to
+the limited power rating of the power supply and the extremely marginal cooling of the
+system box.</p>
+
+<p>Multia also has 2 PCMCIA expansion slots. These are currently not supported by
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The CPU might or might not be socketed, check this before considering CPU upgrade
+hacks. The low-end Multias have a soldered-in CPU.</p>
+
+<p>Multia has 2 serial ports but routes both of them to the outside world on a single 25
+pin sub-D connector. The Multia FAQ explains how to build your own Y-cable to allow both
+ports to be used.</p>
+
+<p>Although the Multia SRM supports booting from floppy this can be problematic.
+Typically the errors look like:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+*** Soft Error - Error #10 - FDC: Data overrun or underrun
+</pre>
+
+<p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, it is a SRM problem. The best available workaround to
+install FreeBSD is to boot from a SCSI CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to press <b
+class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture
+the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but it is worth trying when you are
+greeted by a blank screen after powerup.</p>
+
+<p>Sound works fine using <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+and a line in the kernel configuration file as follows for the Crystal CS4231 chip:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>The sound device lives at port 0x530, and uses irq 9 along with drq 3. You also need
+to specify flags 0x15 in the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt> file.</p>
+
+<p>I have not yet been successful in getting my Multia with the AD1848 to play any
+sound.</p>
+
+<p>While verifying playback I was reminded of the lack of CPU power of the 166MHz CPU.
+MP3 only plays acceptable using 22kHz down-sampling.</p>
+
+<p>Multias are somewhat notorious for dying of heat strokes. The very compact box does
+not really allow access to cooling air. Please use the Multia on its vertical stand,
+don't put it horizontally (``pizza style''). Replacing the fan with something which
+pushes around more air is really recommended. You can also cut one of the wires to the
+fan speed sensor. Once cut, the fan runs at a (loud) full speed. Beware of PCI cards with
+high power consumption. If your system has died you might want to check the
+Multia-Heat-Death pages at the <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target="_top">NetBSD Web
+site</a> for help in reviving it.</p>
+
+<p>The Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge enables the use of an IDE disk. This requires a
+line in the kernel configuration file as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses IRQ 14.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE connector pin spacing is thought for 2.5&quot; laptop disks. A 3.5&quot; IDE
+disk would not fit in the case anyway. At least not without sacrificing your only PCI
+slot. The SRM console unfortunately does not know how to boot from IDE disks. You will
+need to use a SCSI disk as the boot disk.</p>
+
+<p>In case you want to change the internal hard drive: the internal flat cable running
+from the PCI riser board to the <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">2.5&quot;</i></span> hard drive has a finer pitch than the standard SCSI
+flat cables. Otherwise it would not fit on the 2.5&quot; drives. There are also riser
+cards that have a standard-pitch SCSI cable attached to it, which will fit an ordinary
+SCSI disk.</p>
+
+<p>Again, I recommend against trying to cram a replacement hard disk inside. Use the
+external SCSI connector and put your disk in an external enclosure. Multias run hot
+enough as-is. In most cases you will have the external high density 50-pin SCSI connector
+but some Multia models came without disk and may lack the connector. Something to check
+before buying one.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a Multia kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_AXPPCI_33
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+
+<p>Recommended reading on Multia can be found at <a
+href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html"
+target="_top">http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html</a> or <a
+href="http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html"
+target="_top">http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN274" name="AEN274">2.3.3. Personal Workstation
+(``Miata'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The Miata is a small tower machine intended to be put under a desk. There are multiple
+Miata variants. The original Miata is the MX5 model. Because it suffers from a number of
+hardware design flaws a redesign was done, yielding the MiataGL. Unfortunately the
+variants are not easily distinguishable at first sight from the outside of the case. An
+easy check is to see if the back of the machine sports two USB connectors. If yes, it is
+a MiataGL. MX5 models tend to be more common in the used system market place.</p>
+
+<p>System designations look like ``Personal Workstation 433a''. Personal Workstation,
+being a bit of a mouthful, is often abbreviated to PWS. This means it has a 433 MHz CPU,
+and started life as a WinNT workstation (the trailing ``a''). Systems designated from day
+1 to run Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS will sport ``433au''. WinNT-Miatas are likely to come
+pre-configured with an IDE CDROM drive. So, in general systems are named like
+PWS[433,500,600]a[u].</p>
+
+<p>There was also a Miata model with a special CPU cooling system by Kryotech. The
+Kryotech has a special cooling system and is housed in a different enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A EV56 Alpha CPU at 433, 500 or 600MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21174 core logic (``Pyxis'') chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L3 cache: 0, 2 or 4 Mbytes (uses a cache module)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 128 bits wide, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>unbuffered 72 bit wide SDRAMs DIMMs, installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 DIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory 1.5 GBytes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MX5 uses a 21142 or 21143 Ethernet chip, dependent on the version of the PCI riser
+card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MiataGL has a 21143 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>the bulkhead can be 10/100 Mbit UTP, or 10 Mbit UTP/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 on-board [E]IDE disk interfaces, based on the CMD646 (MX5) or the Cypress 82C693
+(MiataGL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI Qlogic 1040 [MiataGL only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 64-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 32-bit PCI slots (behind a DEC PCI-PCI bridge chip)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 ISA slots (physically shared with the 32 bit PCI slots, via an Intel 82378IB PCI to
+ISA bridge chip)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB interface [MiataGL only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded sound based on an ESS1888 chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The Miata logic is divided into two printed circuit boards. The lower board in the
+bottom of the machine has the PCI and ISA slots and things like the sound chip etc. The
+top board has the CPU, the Pyxis chip, memory etc. Note that MX5 and the MiataGL use a
+different PCI riser board. This means that you cannot just upgrade to a MiataGL CPU board
+(with the newer Pyxis chip) but that you will also need a different riser board.
+Apparently an MX5 riser with a MiataGL CPU board will work but it is definitely not a
+supported or tested configuration. Everything else (cabinet, wiring, etc.) is identical
+for MX5 and MiataGL.</p>
+
+<p>MX5 has problems with DMA via the 2 64-bit PCI slots when this DMA crosses a page
+boundary. The 32 bit slots don't have this problem because the PCI-PCI bridge chip does
+not allow the offending transfers. The SRM code knows about the problem and refuses to
+start the system if there is a PCI card in one of the 64bit slots that it does not know
+about. Cards that are ``known good'' to the SRM are allowed to be used in the 64bit
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to fool the SRM you can type <kbd class="USERINPUT">set
+pci_device_override</kbd> at the SRM prompt. Just don't complain if your data
+mysteriously gets mangled.</p>
+
+<p>The complete command is:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">&lt;vendor_id&gt;</var><var
+class="REPLACEABLE">&lt;device_id&gt;</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>For example:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE 88c15333</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The most radical approach is to use:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE -1</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>This disables PCI ID checking altogether, so that you can install any PCI card without
+its ID getting checked. For this to work you need a reasonable current SRM version.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> Do this on your own risk..</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The FreeBSD kernel reports it when it sees a buggy Pyxis chip:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: WARNING: Pyxis pass 1 DMA bug; no bets...
+</pre>
+
+<p>A MiataGL probes as:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: pcib0: &lt;2117x PCI host bus adapter&gt; on cia0
+</pre>
+
+<p>MiataGL does not have the DMA problems of the MX5. PCI cards that make the MX5 SRM
+choke when installed in the 64bit slots are accepted without problems by the MiataGL
+SRM.</p>
+
+<p>The latest mainboard revisions of MX5 contain a hardware workaround for the bug. The
+SRM does not know about the ECO and will complain about unknown cards as before. So does
+the FreeBSD kernel by the way.</p>
+
+<p>The Miata SRM can boot from IDE CDROM drives. IDE hard disk boot is known to work for
+both MiataGL and MX5 disks, so you can root FreeBSD from an IDE disk. Speeds on MX5 are
+around 14 Mbytes/sec assuming a suitable drive. Miata's CMD646 chip will support up to
+WDMA2 mode as the chip is too buggy for use with UDMA.</p>
+
+<p>Miata MX5s generally use Qlogic 1040 based SCSI adapters. These are bootable by the
+SRM console. Note that Adaptec cards are <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> bootable by the Miata SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The MiataGL has a faster PCI-PCI bridge chip on the PCI riser card than some of the
+MX5 riser card versions. Some of the MX5 risers have the <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">same</i></span> chip as the MiataGL. All in all there is a lot of
+variation.</p>
+
+<p>Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI bridge. This manifests itself as no
+video at all. Workaround is to put the VGA card ``before'' the bridge, in one of the 64
+bit PCI slots. Graphics performance using a 64 bit slot is generally substantially
+better.</p>
+
+<p>Both MX5 and MiataGL have an on-board sound chip, an ESS1888. It emulates a
+SoundBlaster and can be enabled by putting</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+device  sbc
+</pre>
+
+<p>in your kernel configuration file:</p>
+
+<p>in case your Miata has the optional cache board installed make sure it is firmly
+seated. A slightly loose cache has been observed to cause weird crashes (not surprising
+obviously, but maybe not so obvious when troubleshooting). The cache module is identical
+between MX5 and MiataGL.</p>
+
+<p>Installing a 2Mb cache module achieves, apart from a 10-15% speed increase (based on
+buildworld elapsed time), a <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">decrease</i></span> for PCI DMA read bandwidth from 64bit PCI cards. A
+benchmark on a 64-bit Myrinet card resulted in a decrease from 149 Mbytes/sec to 115
+Mbytes/sec. Something to keep in mind when doing really high speed things with 64 bit PCI
+adapters.</p>
+
+<p>Although the hardware allows you to install up to 1.5Gbyte of memory, FreeBSD is
+limited to 1Gbyte because the DMA code does not correctly handle memory above 1Gbyte.</p>
+
+<p>Moving to a faster CPU is quite simple, swap out the CPU chip and set the clock
+multiplier dipswitch to the speed of the new CPU.</p>
+
+<p>If you experience SRM errors like</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERROR: scancode 0xa3 not supported on PCXAL
+</pre>
+
+<p>after halting FreeBSD you should update your SRM firmware to V7.2-1 or later. This SRM
+version is first available on the Firmware Update CD V5.7, or on <a
+href="http://www.compaq.com/" target="_top">http://www.compaq.com/</a> This SRM problem
+is fixed on both Miata MX5 and Miata GL.</p>
+
+<p>USB is supported by FreeBSD 4.1 and later.</p>
+
+<p>Disconnect the power cord before dismantling the machine, the soft-power switch keeps
+part of the logic powered <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">even</i></span> when
+the machine is switched off.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a Miata kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST550               
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN384" name="AEN384">2.3.4. Evaluation Board 64 family</a></h4>
+
+<p>In its attempts to popularize the Alpha CPU DEC produced a number of so called
+Evaluation Boards. Members of this family are EB64, EB64+, AlphaPC64 (codename
+``Cabriolet''). A non-DEC member of this family is the Aspen Alpine. The EB64 family of
+evaluation boards has the following feature set:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 or 21064A CPU, 150 to 275 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>memory buswidth: 128 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 33 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses parity memory</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 512 kByte, 1 Mbyte or 2 Mbytes</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21072 (``APECS'') chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip (``Saturn'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel printer port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios 53C810 Fast-SCSI (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IDE interface (only on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 10 Mbit Ethernet (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCI slots (4 slots on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 ISA slots</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Aspen Alpine is slightly different, but is close enough to the EB64+ to run an EB64+
+SRM EPROM (mine did..). The Aspen Alpine does not have an embedded Ethernet, has 3
+instead of 2 PCI slots. It comes with 2 Mbytes of cache already soldered onto the
+mainboard. It has jumpers to select the use of 60, 70 or 80ns SIMM speeds.</p>
+
+<p>36 bits SIMMs work fine, 3 bits simply remain unused. Note the systems use Fast Page
+Mode memory, not EDO memory.</p>
+
+<p>The EB64+ SRM console code is housed in an UV-erasable EPROM. No easy flash SRM
+upgrades for the EB64+ The latest SRM version available for EB64+ is quite ancient
+anyway.</p>
+
+<p>The EB64+ SRM can boot both 53C810 and Qlogic1040 SCSI adapters. Pitfall for the
+Qlogic is that the firmware that is down-loaded by the SRM onto the Qlogic chip is very
+old. There are no updates for the EB64+ SRM available. So you are stuck with old Qlogic
+bits too. I have had quite some problems when I wanted to use Ultra-SCSI drives on the
+Alpine with Qlogic. The FreeBSD kernel can be compiled to include a much newer Qlogic
+firmware revision. This is not the default because it adds hundreds of kBytes worth of
+bloat to the kernel. In FreeBSD 4.1 and later the isp firmware is contained in a kernel
+loadable module. All of this might mean that you need to use a non-Qlogic adapter to boot
+from.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaPC64 boards generally come with ARC console firmware. SRM console code can be
+loaded from floppy into the Flash ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE interface of the AlphaPC64 is not bootable from the SRM console. Enabling it
+requires the following line in the kernel configuration file:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p>
+
+<p>Note that the boards require a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts for the CPU.</p>
+
+<p>For the EB64 family machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_EB64PLUS            
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN439" name="AEN439">2.3.5. Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164,
+PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'') family</a></h4>
+
+<p>EB164 is a newer design evaluation board, based on the 21164A CPU. This design has
+been used to ``spin off'' multiple variations, some of which are used by OEM
+manufacturers/assembly shops. Samsung did its own PC164LX which has only 32 bit PCI,
+whereas the Digital variant has 64 bit PCI.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A, multiple speed variants [EB164, PC164, PC164LX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21164PC [only on PC164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21171 (Alcor) chip set [EB164]</p>
+
+<p>21172 (Alcor2) chip set [PC164]</p>
+
+<p>21174 (Pyxis) chip [164LX, 164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L3 cache: EB164 uses special cache-SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit / 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style SIMMs in sets of 4 or 8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>36 bit, Fast Page Mode, uses ECC, [EB164 / PC164]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, non-ECC or ECC can be used [PC164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, uses ECC [PC164LX]</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 bits PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>64 bits PCI [some models]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISA slots via an Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Using 8 SIMMs for a 256bit wide memory can yield interesting speedups over a 4
+SIMM/128bit wide memory. Obviously all 8 SIMMs must be of the same type to make this
+work. The system must be explicitly setup to use the 8 SIMM memory arrangement. You must
+have 8 SIMMs, 4 SIMMs distributed over 2 banks will not work. For the AlphaPC164 you can
+have a maximum of 1Gbyte of RAM, using 8 128Mbyte SIMMs. The manual indicates the maximum
+is 512 Mbyte.</p>
+
+<p>The SRM can boot from Qlogic 10xx boards or the Symbios 53C810[A]. Newer Symbios 810
+revisions like the Symbios 810AE are not recognized by the SRM on PC164. PC164 SRM does
+not appear to recognize a Symbios 53C895 based host adapter (tested with a Tekram
+DC-390U2W). On the other hand some no-name Symbios 53C985 board has been reported to
+work. Cards like the Tekram DC-390F (Symbios875 based) have been confirmed to work fine
+on the PC164. Unfortunately this seems to be dependent on the actual version of the
+chip/board.</p>
+
+<p>Symbios 53C825[a] will also work as boot adapter. Diamond FirePort, although based on
+Symbios chips, is not bootable by the PC164SX SRM. PC164SX is reported to boot fine with
+Symbios825, Symbios875, Symbios895 and Symbios876 based cards. In addition, Adaptec 2940U
+and 2940UW are reported to work for booting (verified on SRM V5.7-1). Adaptec 2930U2 and
+2940U2[W] do not work.</p>
+
+<p>164LX and 164SX with SRM firmware version 5.8 or later can boot from Adaptec
+2940-series adapters. A test with an Adaptec 3940UW showed that that one is not supported
+however. 164SX SRM recognises Intel 8255x Ethernet cards which show up as eia. Using such
+a NIC allows network booting.</p>
+
+<p>In summary: this family of machines is ``blessed'' with a challenging compatibility as
+far as SCSI adapters go.</p>
+
+<p>On 164SX you can have a maximum of 1 Gbyte of RAM. 4 regular (PC100 or PC133) 256MB
+DIMMs are reported to work just fine. Whether 512MB DIMMs will also work is currently
+unknown. You can use ECC or non-ECC DIMMs. The non-ECC ones are the same as commonly
+found in PCs. Unfortunately the 164SX is quite picky on which DIMMs it likes, so be
+prepared to test and experiment.</p>
+
+<p>PCI bridge chips are sometimes not appreciated by the 164SX, they cause SRM errors and
+kernel panics in those cases. This seems to depend on the fact if the card is recognised,
+and therefore correctly initialised, by the SRM console. The 164SX' onboard IDE interface
+is quite slow, a Promise card gives a 3-4 times speed improvement.</p>
+
+<p>On PC164 the SRM sometimes seems to lose its variable settings. ``For PC164, current
+superstition says that, to avoid losing settings, you want to first downgrade to SRM 4.x
+and then upgrade to 5.x.'' One sample error that was observed was:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERROR: ISA table corrupt!
+</pre>
+
+<p>A sequence of a downgrade to SRM4.9, an</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ISACFG -INIT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>followed by</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">INIT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>made the problem go away. Some PC164 owners report they have never seen the
+problem.</p>
+
+<p>On PC164SX the AlphaBIOS allows you a selection to select SRM to be used as console on
+the next power up. This selection does not appear to have any effect. In other words, you
+will get the AlphaBIOS regardless of what you select. The fix is to reflash the console
+ROM with the SRM code for PC164SX. This will overwrite the AlphaBIOS and will get you the
+SRM console you desire. The SRM code can be found on the Compaq Web site.</p>
+
+<p>164LX can either have the SRM console code or the AlphaBIOS code in its flash ROM
+because the flash ROM is too small to hold both at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>PC164 can boot from IDE disks assuming your SRM version is recent enough.</p>
+
+<p>EB164 needs a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts. PC164 does not implement the PS_ON
+signal that ATX power supplies need to switch on. A simple switch pulling this signal to
+ground allows you to run a standard ATX power supply.</p>
+
+<p>For the EB164 class machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options         DEC_EB164
+cpu             EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN508" name="AEN508">2.3.6. AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and
+400 (``Avanti'') series</a></h4>
+
+<p>The Digital AlphaStation 200 and 400 series systems are early low end PCI based
+workstations. The 200 and 250 series are desktop boxes, the 400 series is a desk-side
+mini-tower.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 or 21064A CPU at speeds of 166 up to 333 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DECchip 21071-AA core logic chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L2 cache: 512 Kbytes (200 and 400 series) or 2048KBytes (250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>64 bit bus width</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 to 384 MBytes of RAM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70 ns or better Fast Page DRAM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>in three pairs (200 and 400 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>in two quads, so banks of four. (250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>the memory subsystem uses parity</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>two 16550 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy disk interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 bit PCI expansion slots (3 for the AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38;
+250-series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISA expansion slots (4 for the AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38; 250-series) (some
+ISA/PCI slots are physically shared)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 21040-based Ethernet (200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Symbios 53c810 Fast SCSI-2 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378IB (``Saturn'') PCI-ISA bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>graphics is embedded TGA or PCI VGA (model dependent)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 bit sound (on 200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The systems use parity memory SIMMs, but these do not need 36 bit wide SIMMs. 33 bit
+wide SIMMs are sufficient, 36 bit SIMMs are acceptable too. EDO or 32 bit SIMMs will not
+work. 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 Mbyte SIMMs are supported.</p>
+
+<p>The AS200 &#38; AS250 sound hardware is reported to work OK assuming you have the
+following line in your kernel config file:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>The sound device uses port 0x530, IRQ 10 and drq 0. You also need to specify flags
+0x10011 in the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt> file.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaStation 200 &#38; 250 series have an automatic SCSI terminator. This means that
+as soon as you plug a cable onto the external SCSI connector the internal terminator of
+the system is disabled. It also means that you should not leave unterminated cables
+plugged into the machine.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaStation 400 series have an SRM variable that controls termination. In case you
+have external SCSI devices connected you must set this SRM variable using</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM EXTERNAL</kbd>.
+</pre>
+
+<p>If only internal SCSI devices are present use:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM INTERNAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>For the AlphaStation-[24][05]00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_2100_A50
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN575" name="AEN575">2.3.7. AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor''
+&#38; ``Maverick'' for EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></h4>
+
+<p>AS500 and 600 were the high-end EV5 / PCI based workstations. EV6 based machines have
+in the meantime taken their place as front runners. AS500 is a desktop in a dark blue
+case (TopGun blue), AS600 is a sturdy desk-side box. AS600 has a nice LCD panel to
+observe the early stages of SRM startup.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5 CPU at 266, 300, 333, 366, 400, 433, 466, or 500 MHz (AS500) or at 266, 300
+or 333 MHz (AS600)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21171 (Alcor) or 21172 (Alcor2) core logic chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cache:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 or 4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 266 MHz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 300 MHz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 or 8 Mb L3 / Bcache (8 Mb on 500 MHz version only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 to 16 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600; 3 cache-SIMM slots)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory buswidth: 256 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS500 memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 72 bit wide buffered Fast Page Mode DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 DIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory is 1 GB (512 Mb max on 333 MHz CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS600 memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 SIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory is 1 GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020 based wide SCSI bus (1 bus/chip for AS500, 2 buses/chip for AS600)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21040 based 10 Mbit Ethernet adapter, both Thinwire and UTP connectors</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AS500:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3 32-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 64-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS600:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 32-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 64-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 PCI/EISA physically shared slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 EISA slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 PCI and 1 EISA slot are occupied by default</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21050 PCI-to-PCI bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82375EB PCI-EISA bridge (AS600 only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 bit audio Windows Sound System, in a dedicated slot (AS500) in EISA slot (AS600,
+this is an ISA card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Early machines had Fast SCSI interfaces, later ones are Ultra SCSI capable. AS500
+shares its single SCSI bus with internal and external devices. For a Fast SCSI bus you
+are limited to 1.8 meters bus length external to the box. The AS500 Qlogic ISP1020A chip
+can be set to run in Ultra mode by setting a SRM variable. FreeBSD however follows the
+Qlogic chip errata and limits the bus speed to Fast.</p>
+
+<p>Beware of ancient SRM versions on AS500. When you see weird SCSI speeds being reported
+by FreeBSD like</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+cd0 at isp0 bus 0 target 4 lun 0
+cd0: &lt;DEC RRD45   DEC 0436&gt; Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device
+cd0: 250.000MB/s transfers (250.000MHz, offset 12)
+</pre>
+
+<p>it is time to do a SRM console firmware upgrade.</p>
+
+<p>AS600 has one Qlogic SCSI chip dedicated to the internal devices whereas the other
+Qlogic SCSI chip is dedicated to external SCSI devices.</p>
+
+<p>In AS500 DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, in ``physically interleaved'' layout. So, a
+bank of 4 DIMMs is <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> 4 physically
+adjacent DIMMs. Note that the DIMMs are <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> SDRAM DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>In AS600 the memory SIMMs are placed onto two memory daughter cards. SIMMs are
+installed in sets of 8. Both memory daughter cards must be populated identically.</p>
+
+<p>Note that both AS500 and AS600 are EISA machines. This means you have to run the EISA
+Configuration Utility (ECU) from floppy after adding EISA cards or to change things like
+the configuration settings of the onboard I/O. For AS500 which does not have a physical
+EISA slot the ECU is used to configure the onboard sound interface etc.</p>
+
+<p>AS500 onboard sound can be used by adding a line like</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>to the kernel configuration file.</p>
+
+<p>Using the ECU I configured my AS500 to use IRQ 10, port 0x530, drq 0. Corresponding
+entries along with flags 0x10011 must go into the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt>
+file. Note that the flags value is rather non-standard.</p>
+
+<p>AS600 has a peculiarity for its PCI slots. AS600 (or rather the PCI expansion card
+containing the SCSI adapters) does not allow I/O port mapping, therefore all devices
+behind it must use memory mapping. If you have problems getting the Qlogic SCSI adapters
+to work, add the following option to <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.rc</tt>:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+set isp_mem_map=0xff
+</pre>
+
+<p>This may need to be typed at the boot loader prompt before booting the installation
+kernel.</p>
+
+<p>For the AlphaStation-[56]00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN20AA 
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN687" name="AEN687">2.3.8. AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''),
+1000A (``Noritake'') and 800(``Corelle'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 1000 and 800 range of machines are intended as departmental servers.
+They come in quite some variations in packaging and mainboard/cpu. Generally speaking
+there are 21064 (EV4) CPU based machines and 21164 (EV5) based ones. The CPU is on a
+daughter card, and the type of CPU (EV4 or EV5) must match the mainboard in use.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaServer 800 has a much smaller mini tower case, it lacks the StorageWorks SCSI
+hot-plug chassis. The main difference between AS1000 and AS1000A is that AS1000A has 7
+PCI slots whereas AS1000 only has 3 PCI slots and has EISA slots instead.</p>
+
+<p>AS800 with an EV5/400 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a ``DIGITAL Server
+3300[R]'', AS800 with an EV5/500 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a ``DIGITAL
+Server 3305[R]''.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 EV4[5] CPU at 200, 233 or 266 MHz 21164 EV5[6] CPU at 300, 333 or 400 MHz (or
+500 MHz for AS800 only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>buswidth: 128 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS1000[A]:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>72pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs, 70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 (EV5 machines) or 20 (EV4 machines) SIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>max memory is 1 GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS800: Uses 60ns 3.3 Volts EDO DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded VGA (on some mainboard models)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 PCI, 2 EISA, 1 64-bit PCI/EISA combo (AS800)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>7 PCI, 2 EISA (AS1000A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCI, 1 EISA/PCI, 7 EISA (AS1000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded SCSI based on Symbios 810 [AS1000] or Qlogic 1020 [AS1000A]</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AS1000 based machines come in multiple enclosure types. Floor standing, rack-mount,
+with or without StorageWorks SCSI chassis etc. The electronics are the same.</p>
+
+<p>AS1000-systems: All EV4 based machines use standard PS/2 style 36 bit 72pin SIMMs in
+sets of 5. The fifth SIMM is used for ECC. All EV5 based machines use standard PS/2 style
+36 bit 72pin SIMMs in sets of 4. The ECC is done based on the 4 extra bits per SIMM (4
+bits out of 36). The EV5 mainboards have 16 SIMM slots, the EV4 mainboards have 20
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>AS800 machines use DIMMs in sets of 4. DIMM installation must start in slots marked
+bank 0. A bank is four physically adjacent slots. The biggest size DIMMs must be
+installed in bank 0 in case 2 banks of different DIMM sizes are used. Max memory size is
+2GB. Note that these are EDO DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>The AS1000/800 are somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. They need</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console.</p>
+
+<p>For AS800 you want to check if your Ultra-Wide SCSI is indeed in Ultra mode. This can
+be done using the <tt class="FILENAME">EEROMCFG.EXE</tt> utility that is on the Console
+Firmware Upgrade CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>For the AlphaServer1000/1000A/800 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_1000A
+cpu EV4     # depends on the CPU model installed
+cpu EV5     # depends on the CPU model installed
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN743" name="AEN743">2.3.9. DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') /
+XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L (``Slate'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>Webbrick and Monet are high performance workstations/servers based on the EV6 CPU and
+the Tsunami chipset. Tsunami is also used in much higher-end systems and as such has
+plenty of performance to offer. DS10, VS10 and XP900 are different names for essentially
+the same system. The differences are the software and options that are supported. DS10L
+is a DS10 based machine in a 1U high rackmount enclosure. DS10L is intended for ISPs and
+for HPTC clusters (e.g. Beowulf)</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN749" name="AEN749">2.3.9.1. ``Webbrick / Slate''</a></h5>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 466 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 2MB, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit via crossbar, 1.3GB/sec memory bandwidth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 200 pin 83 MHz buffered ECC SDRAM DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 DIMM slots for DS10; 2GB max memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 DIMM slots for DS10L; 1GB max memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 on-board 21143 Fast Ethernet controllers</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V) USB controller (disabled)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs Aladdin ATA-33 controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded dual EIDE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 64-bit PCI slots and 1 32-bit PCI slot. DS10L has a single 64bit PCI
+slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The system has a smart power controller. This means that parts of the system remain
+powered when it is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). Before servicing the
+machine remove the power cord.</p>
+
+<p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When enabled, typing <b
+class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you
+to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
+set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin help.</p>
+
+<p>Webbrick is shipped in a desktop-style case similar to the older 21164 ``Maverick''
+workstations but this case offers much better access to the components. If you intend to
+build a farm you can rackmount them in a 19-inch rack; they are 3U high. Slate is 1U high
+but has only one PCI slot.</p>
+
+<p>DS10 has 4 DIMM slots. DIMMs are installed as pairs. Please note that DIMM pairs are
+not installed in adjacent DIMM sockets but rather physically interleaved. DIMM sizes of
+32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 Mbytes are supported.</p>
+
+<p>When 2 pairs of identical-sized DIMMs are installed DS10 will use memory interleaving
+for increased performance. DS10L, which has only 2 DIMM slots cannot do interleaving.</p>
+
+<p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters
+in addition to the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160
+gives you dual channel LVD U160 SCSI which is bootable from SRM.</p>
+
+<p>The base model comes with a FUJITSU 9.5GB ATA disk as its boot device. FreeBSD works
+just fine using EIDE disks on Webbrick. DS10 has 2 IDE interfaces on the mainboard.
+Machines destined for Tru64 Unix or VMS are standard equipped with Qlogic-driven
+Ultra-SCSI disks</p>
+
+<p>On the PCI bus 32 and 64 bit cards are supported, in 3.3V and 5V variants.</p>
+
+<p>The USB ports are not supported and are disabled by the SRM console in all recent SRM
+versions.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV6</var> defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV5</var> is mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN814" name="AEN814">2.3.9.2. ``Monet''</a></h5>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 at 500 MHz 21264 EV67 at 500 or 667 MHz (XP1000G, codenamed Brisbane) CPU is
+mounted on a daughter-card which is field-upgradable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4MB, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 128 or 256 Mbytes 100 MHz (PC100) 168 pin JEDEC standard, registered ECC SDRAM
+DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 on-board 21143 Ethernet controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 USB controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called
+``hoses'':</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>hose 0: (the upper 3 slots) 2 64-bit PCI slots 1 32-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>hose 1: (the bottom 2 slots) 2 32-bit PCI slots (behind a 21154 PCI-PCI bridge)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 of the 64-bit PCI slots are for full-length cards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>all of the 32-bit PCI slots are for short cards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 of the 32-bit PCI slots is physically shared with an ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>all PCI slots run at 33MHz</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI port based on a Qlogic 1040 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 16-bit ESS ES1888 sound chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>graphics options: ELSA Gloria Synergy or DEC/Compaq PowerStorm 3D accelerator
+cards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Monet is housed in a mini-tower like enclosure quite similar to the Miata box.</p>
+
+<p>The on-board Qlogic UW-SCSI chip supports up to 4 internal devices. There is no
+external connector for the on-board SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>For 500 MHz CPUs 83 MHz DIMMs will do. Compaq specifies PC100 DIMMs for all CPU
+speeds. DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, starting with the DIMM slots marked ``0''
+Memory capacity is max 4 GB. DIMMs are installed ``physically interleaved'', note the
+markings of the slots. Memory bandwidth of Monet is twice that of Webbrick. The DIMMs
+live on the CPU daughter-card. Note that the system uses ECC RAM so you need DIMMs with
+72 bits (not the generic PC-class 64 bit DIMMs)</p>
+
+<p>The EIDE interface is usable / SRM bootable so FreeBSD can be rooted on an EIDE disk.
+Although the Cypress chip has potential for 2 EIDE channels Monet uses only one of
+them.</p>
+
+<p>The USB interface is supported by FreeBSD.If you experience problems trying to use the
+USB interface please check if the SRM variable <var class="VARNAME">usb_enable</var> is
+set to <var class="LITERAL">on</var>. You can change this by performing:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET USB_ENABLE ON</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> Don&quot;t try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots
+connected to hose 1. There is a not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working
+correctly.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI bridge (so in slots 4 and
+5). Only cards that implement VGA-legacy addressing correctly will work. Workaround is to
+put the VGA card ``before'' the bridge.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The sound chip is not currently supported with FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV6</var> defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV5</var> is mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN894" name="AEN894">2.3.10. DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 500 or 670 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual CPU capable machine</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: dual 256 bit wide with crossbar switch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Adaptec ? Wide Ultra SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>DS20 needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient. Going back to a graphical console needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console. Confusing is the fact that you will get SRM console output on
+the graphics console with the console set to serial, but when FreeBSD boots it honors the
+<var class="LITERAL">CONSOLE</var> variable setting and all the boot messages as well as
+the login prompt will go to the serial port.</p>
+
+<p>The DS20 is housed in a fat cube-like enclosure. The enclosure also contains a
+StorageWorks SCSI hot-swap shelf for a maximum of seven 3.5&quot; SCSI devices. The DS20E
+is in a sleeker case, and lacks the StorageWorks shelf.</p>
+
+<p>The system has a smart power controller. This means that parts of the system remain
+powered when it is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). Before servicing the
+machine remove the power cord(s).</p>
+
+<p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When enabled, typing <b
+class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you
+to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
+set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin help.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Adaptec SCSI chip on the DS20 is disabled and is therefore not usable
+under FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters
+in addition to the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. This unfortunately does
+not include the embedded Adaptec SCSI chips. You can use a KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160 for
+dual channel LVD U160 SCSI, which is bootable from SRM.</p>
+
+<p>If you are using banks of DIMMs of different sizes the biggest DIMMs should be
+installed in the DIMM slots marked <var class="LITERAL">0</var> on the mainboard. The
+DIMM slots should be filled ``in order'' so after bank 0 install in bank 1 and so on.</p>
+
+<p>Don't try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots connected to hose
+1. There is a not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working correctly. DS20
+ships by default with a Symbios on hose 1 so you have to move this card before you can
+install/boot FreeBSD on it.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV6</var> defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV5</var> is mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN963" name="AEN963">2.3.11. AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></h4>
+
+<p>UP2000 was built by Alpha Processor Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 670 or 750 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual CPU capable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: SDRAM DIMMs installed in sets of 4, uses ECC, 16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21272 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Adaptec AIC7890/91 Wide Ultra2 SCSI chips</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded IDE based on Cypress 82C693 chips</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded USB via Cypress 82C693</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Currently a maximum of 2GB memory is supported by FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The on-board Adaptec SCSI HBAs are bootable on UP2000.</p>
+
+<p>Busmaster DMA is supported on the first IDE interface only. The system can boot from
+it's IDE hard drives and cdrom drives.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV6</var> defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu
+EV5</var> is mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1009" name="AEN1009">2.3.12. AlphaServer 2000
+(``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A (``Lynx'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 2[01]00 machines are intended as departmental servers. This is medium
+iron. They are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs (AS2000) or 4 CPUs (2100[A]) can be
+installed. Both floor-standing and 19&quot; rackmount boxes exist. Rackmount variations
+have different numbers of I/O expansion slots, different max number of CPUs and different
+maximum memory size. Some of the boxes come with an integral StorageWorks shelf to house
+hot-swap SCSI disks. There was an upgrade program available to convert your Sable machine
+into a Lynx by swapping the I/O backplane (the C-bus backplane remains). CPU upgrades
+were available as well.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 EV4[5] CPU[s] at 200, 233, 275 MHz or 21164 EV5[6] CPU[s]s at 250, 300, 375, 400
+MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: varies in size with the CPU model; 1, 4 or 8Mbyte per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller driving a 2.88 Mbytes drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 10Mbit 21040 Ethernet [AS2100 only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The CPUs spec-ed as 200 MHz are in reality running at 190 MHz. Maximum number of CPUs
+is 4. All CPUs must be of the same type/speed.</p>
+
+<p>If any of the processors are ever marked as failed, they will remain marked as failed
+even after they have been replaced (or reseated) until you issue the command</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">CLEAR_ERROR ALL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>on the SRM console and power-cycle the machine. This may be true for other modules (IO
+and memory) as well, but it has not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The machines use dedicated memory boards. These boards live on a 128 bit C-bus shared
+with the CPU boards. DemiSable supports up to 1GB, Sable up to 2GB. One of the memory bus
+slots can either hold a CPU or a memory card. A 4 CPU machine can have a maximum of 2
+memory boards.</p>
+
+<p>Some memory board models house SIMMs. These are called SIMM carriers. There are also
+memory modules that have soldered-on memory chips instead of SIMMs. These are called
+``flat memory modules''.</p>
+
+<p>SIMM boards are used in sets of eight 72-pin 36 bit FPM memory of 70ns or faster. SIMM
+types supported are 1M x36 bit (4 Mbyte), 2M x36bit (8 Mbyte) and 4M x36 bit (16 Mbyte).
+Each memory board can house 4 banks of SIMMs. SIMM sizes can not be mixed on a single
+memory board. The first memory module must be filled with SIMMs before starting to fill
+the next memory module. Note that the spacing between the slots is not that big, so make
+sure your SIMMs fit physically (before buying them..)</p>
+
+<p>Both Lynx and Sable are somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. They
+need</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on many other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console. On Lynx keep the VGA card in one of the primary PCI slots. EISA
+VGA cards are not slot sensitive.</p>
+
+<p>The machines are equipped with a small OCP (Operator Control Panel) LCD screen. On
+this screen the self-test messages are displayed during system initialization. You can
+put your own little text there by using the SRM:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET OCP_TEXT "FreeBSD"
+     </kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The SRM</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW FRU</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>command produces an overview of your configuration with module serial numbers,
+hardware revisions and error log counts.</p>
+
+<p>Both Sable, DemiSable and Lynx have Symbios 810 based Fast SCSI on-board. Check if it
+is set to Fast SCSI speed by</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW PKA0_FAST</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>When set to 1 it is negotiating for Fast speeds.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET PKA0_FAST 1</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>enables Fast SCSI speeds.</p>
+
+<p>AS2100[A] come equipped with a StorageWorks 7 slot SCSI cage. A second cage can be
+added inside the cabinet. AS2000 has a single 7 slot SCSI cage, which cannot be expanded
+with an additional one. Note that the slot locations in these cages map differently to
+SCSI IDs compared to the standard StorageWorks shelves. Slot IDs from top to bottom are
+0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3 when using a single bus configuration.</p>
+
+<p>The cage can also be set to provide two independent SCSI buses. This is used for
+embedded RAID controllers like the KZPSC (Mylex DAC960). Slot ID assignments for split
+bus are, from top to bottom: 0A, 0B, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B. Where A and B signify a SCSI
+bus. In a single bus configuration the terminator module on the back of the SCSI cage is
+on the TOP. The jumper module is on the BOTTOM. For split bus operation these two modules
+are reversed. The terminator can be distinguished from the jumper by noting the chips on
+the terminator. The jumper does not have any active components on it.</p>
+
+<p>DemiSable has 7 EISA slots and 3 PCI slots. Sable has 8 EISA and 3 PCI slots. Lynx,
+being newer, has 8 PCI and 3 EISA slots. The Lynx PCI slots are grouped in sets of 4. The
+4 PCI slots closest to the CPU/memory slots are the primary slots, so logically before
+the PCI bridge chip. Note that contrary to expectation the primary PCI slots are the
+highest numbered ones (PCI4 - PCI7).</p>
+
+<p>Make sure you run the EISA Configuration Utility (from floppy) when adding/change
+expansion cards in EISA slots or after upgrading your console firmware. This is done by
+inserting the ECU floppy and typing</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">RUNECU</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> EISA slots are currently unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA
+VGA adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore works OK as a console.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>A special Extended I/O module for use on the C-bus was planned-for. If they ever saw
+daylight is unknown. In any case FreeBSD has never been verified with an ExtIO
+module.</p>
+
+<p>The machines can be equipped with redundant power supplies. Note that the enclosure is
+equipped with interlock switches that switch off power when the enclosure is opened. The
+system's cooling fans are speed controlled. When the machine has more than 2 CPUs and
+more than 1 memory board dual power supplies are mandatory.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_2100_A500
+cpu EV4 #dependent on CPU model installed
+cpu EV5 #dependent on CPU model installed
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1080" name="AEN1080">2.3.13. AlphaServer 4x00
+(``Rawhide'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 4x00 machines are intended as small enterprise servers. Expect a
+30&quot; high pedestal cabinet or alternatively the same system box in a 19&quot; rack.
+Rawhides are multi-CPU machines, up to 4 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk
+storage is housed in one or two StorageWorks shelves at the bottom of the pedestal. The
+Rawhides intended for the NT market are designated DIGITAL Server 7300 (5/400 CPU),
+DIGITAL Server 7305 (5/533 CPU). A trailing R on the part-number means a rackmount
+variant.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5 CPUs at 266, 300, 333 MHz or 21164A EV56 CPUs at 400, 466, 533, 600 Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU. EV5 300 MHz was also available cache-less. 8 Mbytes for EV56
+600Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Rawhide can be equipped with a variety of CPU modules. CPU modules exist in versions
+with and without external cache. In all cases the CPU modules installed always must be of
+the same speed. A mix of NT-only and full-blown Tru64/VMS CPUs works fine. It will
+however result in the system reporting itself to the operating system as a Digital Server
+730x (so the NT-only variant). FreeBSD does not care, but such a system will not allow
+Tru64 or VMS to run.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide uses a maximum of 8 RAM modules. These modules are used in pairs and supply 72
+bits to the bus (this includes ECC bits). Memory can be EDO RAM or synchronous DRAM. A
+fully populated AS4100 has 4 pairs of memory modules. The AS4000 model is limited to 2
+pairs of memory modules. Given the choice use SDRAM for best performance. The highest
+capacity memory boards must be in the memory slots marked MEM0L and MEM0H. A mix of
+memory board sizes is allowed. A mix of EDO and SDRAM works as well (assuming you don't
+try to mix EDO and SDRAM in a single module pair). A mix of EDO and SDRAM results in the
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">entire</i></span> memory subsystem running at
+the slower EDO timing.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide has an embedded Symbios 810 chip that gives you a narrow fast-SCSI bus.
+Generally only the SCSI CDROM is driven by this interface.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhides are available with a 8 64-bit PCI / 3 EISA slot expansion backplanes (called
+``Saddle'' modules). There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0 and PCI1. PCI0 has 1 dedicated
+PCI slot and (shared) 3 PCI/EISA slots. PCI0 also has a PCI/EISA bridge that drives
+things like the serial and parallel ports, keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has 4 PCI slots and a
+Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA console cards must be installed in a slot connected to
+PCI0.</p>
+
+<p>The current FreeBSD implementation has problems in handling PCI bridges. There is
+currently a limited fix in place which allows for single level, single device PCI
+bridges. The fix allows the use of the Digital supplied Qlogic SCSI card which sits
+behind a 21054 PCI bridge chip.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> EISA slots are currently unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA
+VGA adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore works as a console. In case you use
+EISA options in your machine you must run the EISA Configuration Utility (ECU) from
+floppy. Do yourself a favor and use the Tru64/OpenVMS ECU, and not the WindowsNT ECU.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Rawhide employs an I2C based power controller system. If you want to be sure all power
+is removed from the system remove all mains cables from the system.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide comes with RCM functionality, which means you can power it on/off remotely,
+reset it etc. See also the description for the RMC in the DS10 section of this document.
+RCM versus RMC is not a typo, the various documentation I consulted used both acronyms
+interchangably. Note that if you want remote power on/off to function you need to connect
+a small DC adapter to the machine in order to have the RCM logic powered. You need to
+supply 9-12V DC to the small inlet located next to the keyboard connector.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN300
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1113" name="AEN1113">2.3.14. AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'')
+and AlphaStation 1200 (``DaVinci'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 1200 machine is the successor to the AlphaServer 1000A. It uses the
+same enclosure the 1000A uses, but the logic is based on the AlphaServer 4000 design.
+These are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk storage
+is housed in a StorageWorks shelves The AS1200 intended for the NT market were designated
+DIGITAL Server 5300 (5/400 CPU) and DIGITAL Server 5305 (5/533 CPU).</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A EV56 CPUs at 400 or 533 Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC, DIMM memory on two memory daughter boards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AS1200 uses 2 memory daughter cards. On each of these cards are 8 DIMM slots. DIMMs
+must be installed in pairs. The maximum memory size is 4 GBytes. Slots must be filled in
+order and slot 0 must contain the largest size DIMM if different sized DIMMs are used.
+AS1200 employs fixed starting addresses for DIMMs, each DIMM pair starts at a 512 Mbyte
+boundary. This means that if DIMMs smaller than 256 Mbyte are used the system's physical
+memory map will contain ``holes''. Supported DIMM sizes are 64 Mbytes and 256 Mbytes. The
+DIMMs are 72 bit SDRAM based, as the system employs ECC.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> FreeBSD currently supports up to 2GBytes</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>AS1200 has an embedded Symbios 810 drive Fast SCSI bus.</p>
+
+<p>Tincup has 5 64-bit PCI slots, one 1 32-bit PCI slot and one EISA slot (which is
+physically shared with one of the 64-bit PCI slots). There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0
+and PCI1. PCI0 has the 32-bit PCI slot and the 2 top-most 64-bit PCI slots. PCI0 also has
+an Intel 82375EB PCI/EISA bridge that drives things like the serial and parallel ports,
+keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has 4 64-bit PCI slots and a Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA console
+cards must be installed in a slot connected to PCI0.</p>
+
+<p>The system employs an I2C based power controller system. If you want to be sure all
+power is removed from the system remove the mains cables from the system. Tincup uses
+dual power supplies in load-sharing mode and not as a redundancy pair.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN300
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1143" name="AEN1143">2.3.15. AlphaServer 8200 and 8400
+(``TurboLaser'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 machines are enterprise servers. Expect a tall 19&quot;
+cabinet (8200) or fat (8400) 19&quot; rack. This is big iron, not a hobbyist system.
+TurboLasers are multi-CPU machines, up to 12 CPUs can be in a single machine. The
+TurboLaser System Bus (TLSB) allows 9 nodes on the AS8400 and 5 nodes on the AS8200. TLSB
+is 256 bit data, 40 bit address allowing 2.1 GBytes/sec. Nodes on the TLSB can be CPUs,
+memory or I/O. A maximum of 3 I/O ports are supported on a TLSB.</p>
+
+<p>Basic disk storage is housed in a StorageWorks shelf. AS8400 uses 3 phase power,
+AS8200 uses single phase power.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5/EV56 CPUs at up to 467 MHz or 21264 EV67 CPUs at up to 625 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>one or two CPUs per CPU module</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4Mbytes B-cache per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: big memory modules that plug into the TLSB, which in turn hold special SIMM
+modules. Memory modules come in varying sizes, up to 4 GBytes a piece. Uses ECC (8 bits
+per 64 bits of data) 7 memory modules max for AS8400, 3 modules max for AS8200. Maximum
+memory is 28 GBytes.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 system ``I/O ports'' that allow up to 12 I/O channels each I/O channel
+can connect to XMI, Futurebus+ or PCI boxes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>FreeBSD supports (and has been tested with) up to 2 GBytes of memory on TurboLaser.
+There is a trade-off to be made between TLSB slots occupied by memory modules and TLSB
+slots occupied by CPU modules. For example you can have 28GBytes of memory but only 2
+CPUs (1 module) at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>Only PCI expansion is supported on FreeBSD. XMI or Futurebus+ (which are AS8400 only)
+are both unsupported.</p>
+
+<p>The I/O port modules are designated KFTIA or KFTHA. The I/O port modules supply so
+called ``hoses'' that connect to up to 4 (KFTHA) PCI buses or 1 PCI bus (KFTIA). KFTIA
+has embedded dual 10baseT Ethernet, single FDDI, 3 SCSI Fast Wide Differential SCSI buses
+and a single Fast Wide Single Ended SCSI bus. The FWSE SCSI is intended for the
+CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>KFTHA can drive via each of its 4 hoses a DWLPA or DWLPB box. The DWLPx house a 12
+slots 32 bit PCI backplane. Physically the 12 slots are 3 4-slot buses but to the
+software it appears as a single 12 slots PCI bus. A fully expanded AS8x00 can have 3 (I/O
+ports) times 4 (hoses) times 12 (PCI slots/DWLPx) = 144 PCI slots. The maximum bandwidth
+per KFTHA is 500 Mbytes/second. DWLPA can also house 8 EISA cards, 2 slots are PCI-only,
+2 slots are EISA only. Of the 12 slots 2 are always occupied by an I/O and connector
+module. DWLPB are the prefered I/O boxes.</p>
+
+<p>For best performance distribute high bandwidth (FibreChannel, Gigabit Ethernet) over
+multiple hoses and/or multiple KFTHA/KFTIA.</p>
+
+<p>Currently PCI expansion cards containing PCI bridges are not usable with FreeBSD.
+Don't use them at this time.</p>
+
+<p>The single ended narrow SCSI bus on the KFTIA will turn up as the <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">fourth</i></span> SCSI bus. The 3 fast-wide
+differential SCSI buses of the KFTIA precede it.</p>
+
+<p>AS8x00 are generally run with serial consoles. Some newer machines might have a
+graphical console of some sorts but FreeBSD has only been tested on a serial console.</p>
+
+<p>For serial console usage either change <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ttys</tt> to
+have:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+console "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
+</pre>
+
+<p>as the console entry, or add</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+zs0     "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
+</pre>
+
+<p>For the AlphaServer 8x00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN8AE   # Alpha 8200/8400 (Turbolaser)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</var> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</var> is mandatory
+to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1186" name="AEN1186">2.3.16. Alpha Processor Inc.
+UP1000</a></h4>
+
+<p>The UP1000 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a CPU which itself lives in a Slot B
+module. It is normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha CPU at 600 or 700 MHz in a Slot B module (includes cooling fans)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bits to the L2 cache, 64 bits from Slot B to the AMD-751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2MB (600Mhz) or 4MB (700Mhz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1543C PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are
+64, 128 or 256 Mb in size</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Ultra DMA33 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>4 32 bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 ISA slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 AGP slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Slot B is a box-like enclosure that houses a daughter-board for the CPU and cache. It
+has 2 small fans for cooling. Loud fans..</p>
+
+<p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. This does not appear to be
+documented in the UP1000 docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the DIMMs via the
+SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM is used it must be installed in slot <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1000 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply according to the manufacturer. This might
+be a bit overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power consumption of the board
+&#38; cpu. But as always you will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals into
+account. The M1543C chip contains power management functionality &#38; temperature
+monitoring (via I2C / SM bus).</p>
+
+<p>Chances are that your UP1000 comes by default with AlphaBios only. The SRM console
+firmware is available from the Alpha Processor Inc. web site. It is currently available
+in a beta version which was successfully used during the port of FreeBSD to the
+UP1000.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>UP1000 SRM can boot off an Adaptec 294x adapter. Under high I/O load conditions
+machine lockups have been observed using the Adaptec 294x. A Symbios 875 based card works
+just fine, using the sym driver. Most likely other cards based on the Symbios chips that
+the sym driver supports will work as well.</p>
+
+<p>The USB interfaces are disabled by the SRM console and have not (yet) been tested with
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>For the UP1000 the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1235" name="AEN1235">2.3.17. Alpha Processor Inc.
+UP1100</a></h4>
+
+<p>The UP1100 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a CPU running at 600 MHz. It is
+normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha EV6 CPU at 600 or 700 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 100MHz 64-bit (PC-100 SDRAM), 800 MB/s memory bandwidth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2Mb</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1535D PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are
+64, 128 or 256 Mb in size</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 32 bit PCI slots and 1 AGP2x slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the UP1100. The SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash
+ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. This does not appear to be
+documented in the UP1100 docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the DIMMs via the
+SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM is used it must be installed in slot <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply according to the manufacturer. This might
+be a bit overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power consumption of the board
+&#38; cpu. But as always you will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals into
+account. The M1535D chip contains power management functionality &#38; temperature
+monitoring (via I2C / SM bus using a LM75 thermal sensor).</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 has an on-board 21143 10/100Mbit Ethernet interface.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 is equipped with a SoundBlaster compatible audio interface. Whether it
+works with FreeBSD is as of yet unknown.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 has 3 USB ports, 2 going external and one connected to the AGP port.</p>
+
+<p>For the UP1100 the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</var> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</var> is mandatory
+to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1283" name="AEN1283">2.3.18. Alpha Processor Inc. CS20,
+Compaq DS20L</a></h4>
+
+<p>The CS20 is a 19&quot;, 1U high rackmount server based on the 21264[ab] CPU. It can
+have a maximum of 2 CPUs. Compaq sells the CS20 rebranded as the AlphaServer DS20L. DS20L
+has 833MHz CPUs.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha CPU at 667 MHz or 21264b 833 MHz (max. 2 CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 100MHz 256-bit wide</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 PLL buffered/registered SDRAM DIMMS, 8 DIMM slots, uses ECC
+memory, min 256 Mbytes / max 2 GBytes of memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded dual Intel 82559 10/100Mbit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Symbios 53C1000 Ultra160 SCSI controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI slots (2/3 length)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the CS20. The SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash
+ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 needs ECC capable DIMMs. Note that it uses <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">buffered</i></span> DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 has an I2C based internal monitoring system for things like temperature,
+fans, voltages etc. The I2C also supports ``wake on LAN''.</p>
+
+<p>Each PCI slot is connected to its own independent PCI bus on the Tsunami.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 has an embedded slim-line IDE CD drive. There is a front-accessible bay for a
+1&quot; high 3.5&quot; SCSI hard-disk drive with SCA connector.</p>
+
+<p>Note that there is no floppy disk drive (or a connector to add one).</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</var> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</var> is mandatory
+to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1330" name="AEN1330">2.3.19. Compaq AlphaServer ES40
+(``Clipper'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The ES40 is a SMP system that can have 1 - 4 21264 Alpha CPUs. With the maximum
+configuration of 32GB of memory these systems are often deployed as heavy database
+servers and are also found in HPTC compute farm environments.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 Alpha CPU at 500 (EV6), 667 (EV67) or 833 MHz (EV68) (max. 4 CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256-bit wide</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21272 Core Logic chipset</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 200-pin JEDEC standard SDRAM DIMMS, max 32 GBytes of memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI buses</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the ES40.</p>
+
+<p>ES40 comes with an ATA CDROM drive, but uses SCSI harddisks. The usual Symbios &#38;
+Qlogic adapters are bootable, as is the KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160 dual channel LVD U160
+adapter.</p>
+
+<p>Memory is divided in 4 memory arrays which each contain a set of 4 SDRAM DIMMs. Each
+DIMM is 72 bit wide and of the 100MHz speed variant. An array can contain 2 sets, so 8
+DIMMs max per array. The DIMMs live on Memory Mother Boards (MMBs). There are 2 MMB
+models, with 4 and 8 DIMM sockets respectively. Each MMB provides half of the 256 bit
+memory bus width to the CPUs. Given the myriad options for the memory configuration it is
+advisable to check the system documentation for the optimum memory configuration.</p>
+
+<p>Dependent on the model variation the ES40 has 6 or 10 64 bit PCI slots. This is
+basically just means the same backplane with less connectors mounted.</p>
+
+<p>ES40 has the same RMC remote power control as DS10 and DS20. See the description of
+the RMC in the DS10 section of this document. Most variations of ES40 have multiple power
+supplies, allowing for N+1 redundancy. When installing CPU cards you must unplug all
+power cords, the CPU cards receive standby power from the power supplies. Maximum memory
+configurations need more than the default number of powersupplies.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options   DEC_ST6600
+cpu     EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</var> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <var class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</var> is mandatory
+to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1367" name="AEN1367">2.4. Supported Hardware
+Overview</a></h3>
+
+<p>A word of caution: the installed base for FreeBSD is not nearly as large as for
+FreeBSD/Intel. This means that the enormous variation of PCI/ISA expansion cards out
+there has much less chance of having been tested on alpha than on Intel. This is not to
+imply they are doomed to fail, just that the chance of running into something never
+tested before is much higher. <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> contains things that are
+known to work on Alpha only.</p>
+
+<p>The PCI and ISA expansion busses are fully supported. Turbo Channel is not in <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> and has limited support (see the relevant machine model
+info). The MCA bus is not supported. The EISA bus is not supported for use with EISA
+expansion cards as the EISA support code is lacking. ISA cards in EISA slots are reported
+to work. The Compaq Qvision EISA VGA card is driven in ISA mode and works OK as a
+console.</p>
+
+<p>1.44 Mbyte and 1.2 Mbyte floppy drives are supported. 2.88 Mbyte drives sometimes
+found in Alpha machines are supported up to 1.44Mbyte.</p>
+
+<p>ATA and ATAPI (IDE) devices are supported via the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+framework. As most people run their Alphas with SCSI disks it is not as well tested as
+SCSI. Be aware of boot-ability restrictions for IDE disks. See the machine specific
+information.</p>
+
+<p>There is full SCSI support via the CAM layer for Adaptec 2940x (AIC7xxx chip-based),
+Qlogic family and Symbios. Those of you interested in U160 SCSI might want to take a look
+at an Adaptec 39160 dual channel LVD U160 adapter. Compaq calls this a KZPEA adapter.
+Recent Alpha models have SRM versions that can boot from them. In general be aware of the
+machine-specific boot-ability issues for the various adapter models. Where known they are
+listed in the individual machine descriptions.</p>
+
+<p>The Qlogic QL2x00 FibreChannel host adapters are fully supported.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to boot your Alpha over the Ethernet you will obviously need an Ethernet
+card that the SRM console recognizes. This generally means you need a board with an 21x4x
+Ethernet chip as that is what Digital used. These chips are driven by the FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> (older driver)
+or <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> (newer driver).
+Some new SRM versions are known to recognize the Intel 8255x Ethernet chips as driven by
+the FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver.
+But beware: the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is
+reported not to work correctly with FreeBSD (although it works excellently on
+FreeBSD/x86).</p>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI network adapters are supported on alpha.</p>
+
+<p>In general the SRM console emulates a VGA-compatibility mode on PCI VGA cards. This
+is, however, not guaranteed to work by Compaq/DEC for each and every card type out there.
+When the SRM thinks the VGA is acceptable FreeBSD will be able to use it. The console
+driver works just like on a FreeBSD/intel machine. Please note that VESA modes are not
+supported on Alpha, so that leaves you with 80x25 consoles.</p>
+
+<p>In some Alpha machines you will find video adapters based on TGA chips. The plain TGA
+adapter does not emulate VGA and is therefore not usable for a FreeBSD console. TGA2
+cards have a basic VGA compatibility mode and work fine as FreeBSD consoles.</p>
+
+<p>The ``PC standard'' serial ports found on most Alphas are supported.</p>
+
+<p>ISDN (i4b) is not supported on FreeBSD/alpha.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1399" name="AEN1399">2.5. Acknowledgments</a></h3>
+
+<p>In compiling this file I used multiple information sources, but <a
+href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target="_top">the NetBSD Web site</a> proved to be an
+invaluable source of information. If it wasn't for NetBSD/alpha there probably would not
+be a FreeBSD/alpha in the first place.</p>
+
+<p>People who kindly helped me create this section:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Andrew Gallatin <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:gallatin@FreeBSD.org">gallatin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Chuck Robey <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:chuckr@FreeBSD.org">chuckr@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matthew Jacob <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:mjacob@FreeBSD.org">mjacob@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Michael Smith <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:msmith@FreeBSD.org">msmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>David O'Brien <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:obrien@FreeBSD.org">obrien@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Christian Weisgerber</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kazutaka YOKOTA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nick Maniscalco</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eric Schnoebelen</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peter van Dijk</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peter Jeremy</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolf de Waal</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Wim Lemmers, ex-Compaq</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Wouter Brackman, Compaq</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lodewijk van den Berg, Compaq</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ Alpha/AXP.
+ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.
+đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p>úÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ SRM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p>úÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ SRM. DAC960
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Digital/Compaq Ä̀Ñ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Alpha × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ̃ÁÓÔÉ StorageWorks
+family, Ô.Å. KZPSC É̀É KZPAC ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ SRM. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÉ ËÁ̉ÔÙ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ 2.x firmware. úÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ SRM ÎÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ firmware ÎÅ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉Ñ̀ÁÓØ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
+controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters including a large
+number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver also
+supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and Compaq
+Deskpro desktop machines including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, É 16550 ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ AST ÎÁ 4 ĐÏ̉ÔÁ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+
+<p>Comtrol Rocketport ËÁ̉ÔÁ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ESS</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 É ES1888 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, É Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎ × ÑÄ̉Ï FreeBSD
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">snd_maestro3_load="YES"</kbd>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ USB ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ; ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ, Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å. ÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á USB
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÚÁ ̉ÅÄËÉÍÉ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑÍÉ ̀ÀÂÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉Ù</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>íÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ù É ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÎÙÅ ËÁÂÅ̀É Ë ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÍ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁÍ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ USB Ë ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̉ÔƠ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>è̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory ``PicoDrive'' GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM,
+DVD-RAM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``PetitDrive'', RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk ``PetitDrive2'', RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``ClipDrive'', RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI ËÁÂÅ̀Ø</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉É×ÏÄÙ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÁÑÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÁÍ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AT Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB ÍÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-amd64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-amd64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d52aa76c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-amd64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5091 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/amd64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ AMD64 ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/amd64
+5.3-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ AMD64. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ
+× ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ
+Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>îÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó ÓÅ̉ÅÄÉÎÙ 2003 FreeBSD/amd64 ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ AMD64 (``Hammer'') É
+Intel EM64T, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÜÔÏ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í Tier-1 (ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÁ),
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÊ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÁÓĐÅËÔÁÈ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËƠ.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ÜÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÉÍÅÎÉ, AMD64 (AMD) É Intel EM64T
+(Extended Memory 64-bit Technology). 64-ÂÉÔÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ÜÔÉÈ Ä×ƠÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ
+ÏÄÉÎ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ, É FreeBSD/amd64 ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÏÂÁ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Athlon64 (``Clawhammer'').</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Opteron (``Sledgehammer'').</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 64-ÂÉÔ Xeon (``Nacona''). üÔÏÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ ÉÚÇÏÔÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ÔÅÈÎÏ̀ÏÇÉÉ 90nm, É
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÁÈ ÏÔ 2.80 ÄÏ 3.60 GHz (FSB 800MHz) Ó ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÁÍÉ Intel
+E7520/E7525/E7320.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Pentium 4 Processor, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ Intel EM64T (``Prescott''). ïÎ ÉÚÇÏÔÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ
+ÔÅÈÎÏ̀ÏÇÉÉ 90nm Ä̀Ñ ÓÏËÅÔÁ FC-LGA775, É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÁÈ 3.20F/3.40F/3.60F GHz Ó
+̃ÉĐÓÅÔÁÍÉ Intel 925X Express. óÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏÍÅ̉Á S-Spec: SL7L9, SL7L8, SL7LA, SL7NZ,
+SL7PZ, É SL7PX. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù, ÎƠÍÅ̉Ï×ÁÎÙÅ ̃ÉÓ̀ÁÍÉ 5xx, ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ EM64T.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel EM64T ÜÔÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ IA-32 (x86) É ÏỒÉ̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ Intel IA-64
+(Itanium), ËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁ FreeBSD/ia64. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÁÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ
+Intel ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ Intel EM64T ËÁË ``64-bit extension technology'' É̀É ``IA-32e''.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÉÂÏ̀ØÛÉÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ, 8GB. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SMP
+ÂÙ̀Á ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÁ É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑÈ, FreeBSD/amd64 ĐÏÈÏÖÁ ÎÁ FreeBSD/i386, × ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×. íÏÇƠÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎƠÔØ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó 64-ÂÉÔ ËÏÄÏ× × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ (̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÈ)
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÈ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÔÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ 64-ÂÉÔ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÈ,
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD/amd64 ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÍÏ̀ÏÄÁÑ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁ FreeBSD. èÏÔÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÑÄ̉Á FreeBSD É
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÙ, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÓÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓỔÙÅ
+ƠÇ̀Ù, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÓÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅÍ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ AMD64. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ. đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ
+ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports SCSI controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'', and ``A'' series and compatible
+SCSI host adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-540CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic/BusTek BT-640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-946C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-948</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AMI FastDisk Host Adapters that are true BusLogic MultiMaster clones are also
+supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following RAID adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. EISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. EISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following ATA RAID controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 5000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 6000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7000-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7006-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following PATA/SATA RAID controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>IBM ServeRAID 3H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID Series 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 6i/6M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">trm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315 PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS and internal SCSI connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395F PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS and 68-pin external SCSI
+connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395UW PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U2W PCI Ultra2-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For the Tekram DC-310/U and DC-390F/U/UW/U2B/U2W/U3W PCI SCSI host adapters, use the
+sym(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Alteon Tigon I and II chips. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
+tested with the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
+controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters including a large
+number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver also
+supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and Compaq
+Deskpro desktop machines including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports ASIX Electronics AX88172 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports RealTek RTL8150 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers and cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ex</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following Ethernet adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>The Olicom OC2220</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Ethernet adapters based on the 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel Tasking chipset,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cs</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sn</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+SMC9xxx based ISA and PCMCIA cards including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xe</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet (PS-CE2-10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 28 (PS-CEM-28)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 33 (CEM33)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard 10/100 (CE3, CE3B)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (CEM56)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10 (RE10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 (RE100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (REM56, REM56G)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton Fast EtherCard-16 (EN2226)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card (CPQ-10/100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 PC Card Mobile Adapter 16 (Pro/100 M16A)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Other similar devices using the same hardware may also be supported.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
+Ethernet controller chips, including the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE LR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE SR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports VIA Networking VT3119 and VT6122 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ÉÍ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, É
+Symbol Spectrum24 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, É 16550 ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ AST ÎÁ 4 ĐÏ̉ÔÁ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Actiontech 56K PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S É PCI IO 4S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Comtrol RocketPort 550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Decision Computers PCCOM 4-ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ Ó Ä×ƠÍÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ RS232/422/485</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolphin Peripherals 4025/4035/4036</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IC Book Labs Dreadnought 16x Lite É Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lava Computers 2SP-PCI/DSerial-PCI/Quattro-PCI/Octopus-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Middle Digital, Weasle ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Moxa Industio CP-114, Smartio C104H-PCI É C168H/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PK-UG-X001 É PK-UG-X008</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 PCI UART</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech SD-LAB PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber I/O PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2P1S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber Serial (Single É Dual) PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Titan PCI-200H É PCI-800H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>US Robotics (3Com) 3CP5609 ÍÏÄÅÍ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VScom PCI-400 É PCI-800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Specialix SI/XIO/SX ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, Ó ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍ SIHOST2.x É ÎÏ×ÙÍ
+``̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÍ'' (transputer based, aka JET) host ËÁ̉ÔÁÍÉ (ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ISA, EISA É PCI)
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=si&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">si</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>Advance (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asound 100 É 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120 É ALS4000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ESS</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 É ES1888 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, É Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎ × ÑÄ̉Ï FreeBSD
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">snd_maestro3_load="YES"</kbd>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ForteMedia fm801</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel 443MX, 810, 815, É 815E ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>NeoMagic 256AV/ZX (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>OPTi 931/82C931 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>S3 Sonicvibes</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Trident 4DWave DX/NX (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VIA Technologies VT82C686A</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ USB ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ; ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ, Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å. ÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á USB
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÚÁ ̉ÅÄËÉÍÉ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑÍÉ ̀ÀÂÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ EHCI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉Ù</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond Rio 500, 600, É 800 MP3 Đ̀ÅÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Devices supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ù É ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÎÙÅ ËÁÂÅ̀É Ë ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÍ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁÍ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ USB Ë ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̉ÔƠ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support the BWCT console management serial adapters.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>è̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory ``PicoDrive'' GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM,
+DVD-RAM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``PetitDrive'', RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk ``PetitDrive2'', RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``ClipDrive'', RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI ËÁÂÅ̀Ø</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following devices:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for PCI/CardBus firewire interface cards. The driver supports the
+following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>PCCARD ÈÏÓÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports various cards containing the Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, and 7956 chipsets,
+such as:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁËÓ-ÍÏÄÅÍ/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉É×ÏÄÙ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÁÑÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÁÍ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB ÍÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PC-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÄÖÏÊÓÔÉËÉ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-i386.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-i386.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..429a6397cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-i386.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6387 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/i386
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ i386 ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE).
+÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ
+ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ i386. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ
+× ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ
+Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD/i386 ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÙÈ ̉ÁÚÎÏÏẨÁÚÎÙÈ ``IBM PC ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ'' ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ.
+đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÏÇ̉ÏÍÅÎ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÁÔØ ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+×ÓÅÈ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁĂÉÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ FreeBSD. ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, ÚÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÂƯÉÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Á.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ×ÓÅ i386-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù,
+ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó 80386, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III,
+Pentium 4 É ÉÈ ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË Xeon É Celeron (ÏÄÎÁËÏ, FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ĐÏÚÄÎÉÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ 80386SX processor). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÓÅ i386
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù AMD, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Am486, Am5x86, K5, K6 (É ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ), Athlon (×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+Athlon-MP, Athlon-XP, Athlon-4, É Athlon Thunderbird) É Duron. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ AMD &Eacute;lan SC520. Transmeta Crusoe ̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔÓÑ É ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË É
+i386 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù ÏÔ Cyrix É NexGen.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÜÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÛÉ̉ÏËÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÈ Đ̀ÁÔ. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
+ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ ÛÉÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ ISA, VLB, EISA, AGP, É PCI. éÍÅÅÔÓÑ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÛÉÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ MCA (``MicroChannel''), ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ × ̀ÉÎÅÊËÅ PC
+IBM PS/2.</p>
+
+<p>óÉÍÍÅỔÉ̃ÎÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (SMP) ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD, ÈÏÔÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × BIOS É̀É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. ÷ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ
+Á̉ÈÉ×Ï× <a href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-smp"
+target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÎÏÓÔÉ (SMP) ×Ï
+FreeBSD</a> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á HyperThreading (HTT) ÎÁ Intel CPU, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔƠ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ. ñÄ̉Ï Ó ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">options SMP</var> Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù. đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÉÚÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù; Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ Ó̀Ï×ÁÍÉ, ÎÅ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÉ
+̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÁ̃ ÍÅÖÄƠ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÍÉ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ CPU. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÔÁËÏÅ
+Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ĐÏÎÉÖÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ, Đ̉É ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÍ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ï× ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">machdep.hlt_logical_cpus</var>. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ× ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ CPU × ĂÉË̀Å
+ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">machdep.hlt_cpus</var>. óỔÁÎÉĂÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smp</span>(4)</span></a> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï Physical Address Extensions (PAE) ÎÁ CPU,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÈ ÜÔƠ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ. ñÄ̉Ï Ó ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÍ <var class="LITERAL">PAE</var>
+ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉÔ ĐÁÍÑÔØ Ó×ÙÛÅ 4 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ É ×Ë̀À̃ÉÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÅÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ; ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a> ÚÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ i386 ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ, ÈÏÔÑ É Ó ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ỞÏ×ÎÅÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË Ú×ƠË, Ç̉ÁÆÉËÁ, ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ
+ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ É Ó̀ÏÔÁÍÉ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ PCCARD. üÔÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÎÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÁÍÙÍÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ, É ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ỔÅÂƠÀÔ ÓĐÅĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×
+FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÈÏÄÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË É̀É ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ. đ̉É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø ĐÏÉÓË × Á̉ÈÉ×ÁÈ <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mobile" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ FreeBSD, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÏÓÎÙÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍ</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÏ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÙ) ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉Ô Advanced
+Configuration and Power Management (ACPI). FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ACPI ̃Å̉ÅÚ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÀ
+ACPI Component Architecture ÏÔ Intel, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a>.
+éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ACPI ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ×̀Å̃Ø ÎÅÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎƠÀ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï× É ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ACPI Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÍÏÄỜØ ÑÄ̉Á. üÔÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ë <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ÓỔÏËÉ:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÅ ÏỒÁÄËƠ ACPI, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÔØ ACPI ĐÏ ̃ÁÓÔÑÍ. óỔÁÎÉĂÁ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ loader.</p>
+
+<p>ACPI ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ Differentiated System Descriptor Table (DSDT), ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÅÊÓÑ × BIOS
+ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. DSDT ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï× ÎÅĐÏ̀ÎÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ACPI ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
+Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. úÁÍÅÎƠ DSDT Ä̀Ñ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="http://acpi.sourceforge.net/dsdt/index.php" target="_top">DSDT</a> ÓÁÊÔÁ Đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ <a
+href="http://acpi.sourceforge.net/" target="_top">ACPI4Linux</a>. FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ DSDT Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÉ DSDT, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÈÓÑ × BIOS; ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> ÚÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ i386. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ. đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ
+ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aha&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aha</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xCF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xCP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-174x in 154x emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DTC 3290 SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram SCSI controllers in 154x emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1740</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1740A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1742A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports SCSI controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'', and ``A'' series and compatible
+SCSI host adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-540CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic/BusTek BT-640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-946C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-948</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AMI FastDisk Host Adapters that are true BusLogic MultiMaster clones are also
+supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> driver.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following RAID adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The adapters currently supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec Zero-Channel SCSI RAID 2000S, 2005S, 2010S, 2015S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2100S, 2110S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ATA-100 RAID 2400A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 3200S, 3210S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 3400S, 3410S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM1554</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM1564</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2554</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2564</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2664</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2754</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2865</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3754</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3755U2B / SmartRAID V Millennium</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3757</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC KZPCC-AC (LVD 1-ch, 4MB or 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-CE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache), DEC
+KZPCC-XC (LVD 1-ch, 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-XE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache) -- rebadged
+SmartRAID V Millennium</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. EISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. EISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following ATA RAID controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 5000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 6000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7000-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7006-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following PATA/SATA RAID controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are currently supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncv</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCSC-DV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004, and UJDCD450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J03R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic Fast SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (SCSI only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stg&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stg</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain SCSI2GO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain TMC-18XX/3260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM PSC-2401 SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, REX-9836A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that the Adaptec 2920C is supported by the ahc(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alpha-Data AD-PCS201</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA CBSC16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adaptec AIC-7110 Parallel to SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vpo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vpo</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ida&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ida</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 221</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Integrated SMART Array Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 4200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 4250ES</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART 3200 Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART 3100ES Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/DH Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/SL Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/P Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/E Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>Promise SuperTrak ATA RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pst&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pst</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>IBM ServeRAID 3H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID Series 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 6i/6M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">trm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315 PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS and internal SCSI connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395F PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS and 68-pin external SCSI
+connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395UW PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U2W PCI Ultra2-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For the Tekram DC-310/U and DC-390F/U/UW/U2B/U2W/U3W PCI SCSI host adapters, use the
+sym(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ wds(4) ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ WD7000 SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matsushita CR-562, CR-563 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony ÚÁË̉ÙÔÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (×ÓÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">scd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi ÚÁË̉ÙÔÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ CD-ROM (×ÓÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Alteon Tigon I and II chips. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
+tested with the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE32-VL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan BICC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond HomeFree</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DEPCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra 486/66XM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra XU</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Also supported are adapters working with the pcn(4) driver. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+runs these in compatibility mode, thus the pcn(4) driver should be preferred.</p>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following Ethernet NICs:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c503 Etherlink II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AR-P500 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1644 (old model), EN1646 (old model), EN2203 (old model) (110pin) (flags
+0xd00000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2212/EN2216/UE2216</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis CentreCOM LA100-PCM_V2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis LA-98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIC-98, SIC-98NOTE (110pin), SIU-98 (flags 0x600000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIU-98-D (flags 0x610000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AmbiCom 10BaseT card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bay Networks NETGEAR FA410TXC Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet BC40 adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex Net-A adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98), RT-1007(98), C-NET(9N) (110pin) (flags 0xa00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)E-A, C-NET(98)L-A, C-NET(98)P (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether98-T (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether PCC-T/EtherII PCC-T/FEther PCC-TXF/PCC-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CyQ've ELA-010</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC EtherWorks DE305</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Danpex EN-6200P2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-298, DE-298P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-650/660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link IC-CARD/IC-CARD+ Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-98P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-BDN, LD-NW801G (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CDL/TX, LD-CDF, LD-CDS, LD-10/100CD, LD-CDWA (DP83902A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP PC Lan+ 27247B and 27252A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM Creditcard Ethernet I/II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM AD-ET2-T, DT-ET-25, DT-ET-T5, IF-2766ET, IF-2771ET, NB-ET-T (110pin) (flags
+0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA/T-98, LA/T-98SB, LA2/T-98, ET/T-98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA ET2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCLATE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kansai KLA-98C/T (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE-PC2, KNE-PCM/x Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EC2T/PCMPC100/PCM100, PCMLM56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EtherFast 10/100 PC Card, Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card (PCMPC100 V2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LAN-98T (flags 0xb00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA Ethernet ME1 for JEIDA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA ME98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA NE2098 (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO EGY-98 (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGH-98, LGY-98, LGY-98-N (110pin), IND-SP, IND-SS (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LPC-T/LPC2-T/LPC2-CLT/LPC2-TX/LPC3-TX/LPC3-CLX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Ethernet Instant-Link</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-77, PC-9801-78 (flags 0x910000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-107, PC-9801-108 (flags 0x800000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor InfoMover NE4100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA-410TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetVin 5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Network Everywhere Ethernet 10BaseT PC Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld 98X3 (flags 0xd00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld EC-98X, EP-98X (flags 0xd10000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE1000/NE2000/NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX ENW-8300-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298-C (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298P-T, EN-2298-T (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX FNW-3600-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RealTek 8029</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite Ultra</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EtherEZ98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC WD8003E/WD8003EBT/WD8003S/WD8003SBT/WD8003W/WD8013EBT/WD8013W and clones</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Socket LP-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom EtherPerfect EP-427</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom NE-34</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD031, Grey Cell GCS2000 Ethernet Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Telecom Device SuperSocket RE450T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT86C926</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Winbond W89C940</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>C-Bus, ISA, PCI and PC Card devices are supported.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
+controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters including a large
+number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver also
+supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and Compaq
+Deskpro desktop machines including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports ASIX Electronics AX88172 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports RealTek RTL8150 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers and cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ex</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following Ethernet adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>The Olicom OC2220</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ie&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ie</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+supports the following 8 and 16bit ISA Ethernet cards that are based on the Intel i82586
+chip:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C507</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T EN100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T Starlan 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T Starlan Fiber</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress 16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RACAL Interlan NI5210</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Ethernet adapters based on the 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel Tasking chipset,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=el&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">el</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the 3Com 3c501 8bit ISA Ethernet card.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cs</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sn</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+SMC9xxx based ISA and PCMCIA cards including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xe</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet (PS-CE2-10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 28 (PS-CEM-28)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 33 (CEM33)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard 10/100 (CE3, CE3B)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (CEM56)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10 (RE10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 (RE100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (REM56, REM56G)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton Fast EtherCard-16 (EN2226)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card (CPQ-10/100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 PC Card Mobile Adapter 16 (Pro/100 M16A)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Other similar devices using the same hardware may also be supported.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
+Ethernet controller chips, including the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=my&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">my</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for various NICs based on the Myson chipset. Supported models include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD800 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD803 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD89X PCI Gigabit Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE LR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE SR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports VIA Networking VT3119 and VT6122 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>DEC DEFEA EISA (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Midway ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù hfa É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT NICStAR 77201/211 ATM ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=idt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">idt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 É HE622 ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT77252 ATM ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>NCR / AT&amp;T / Lucent Technologies WaveLan T1-speed ISA/radio LAN ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wl</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ÉÍ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, É
+Symbol Spectrum24 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Raytheon Raylink 2.4GHz ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following cards are among those supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ath&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ath</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Aztech WL830PC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-A650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AB650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-A520</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AG520</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AG650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-G520B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-G650B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-WL54AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-WL54</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu E5454</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-JW481</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu E5454</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NC4000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-AB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-A54</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WMP55AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WPC51AB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WPC55AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PA-WL/54AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAG311</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAB501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAG511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG311</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG311T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG511T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Orinoco 8480</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Orinoco 8470WD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Proxim Skyline 4030</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Proxim Skyline 4032</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung SWL-5200N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC SMC2735W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C700</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C300S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CRPAG175</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>An up to date list can be found at <a
+href="http://customerproducts.atheros.com/customerproducts"
+target="_top">http://customerproducts.atheros.com/customerproducts</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-22, Sigma-24</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-400, Sigma-401, Sigma-404, Sigma-410, Sigma-440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-800, Sigma-801, Sigma-810, Sigma-840</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following models of Tau-PCI WAN adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI/R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-G703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-2E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-4E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-T3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-STS1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau (RS-232/V.35)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/R (RS-530/RS-449)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/E1 (fractional E1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/G703 (unframed E1)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Granch SBNI12 ËÏÍÍƠÎÉËÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÔÏ̃ËÁ-Ë-ÔÏ̃ËÅ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbni&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbni</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Granch SBNI16 SHDSL ÍÏÄÅÍÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbsh&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbsh</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cm</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following card models:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c66 in '56 compatibility mode.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>AcerISDN P10 ISA PnP (ÜËÓĐÅ̉ÉÍÅÎÔÁ̀ØÎÙÊ)</p>
+
+<p>Asuscom ISDNlink 128K ISA</p>
+
+<p>ASUSCOM P-IN100-ST-D (É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ÎÁ Winbond W6692)</p>
+
+<p>AVM</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>A1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>B1 ISA (Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ Ó V2.0)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>B1 PCI (Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ Ó V4.0)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card classic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PnP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PCI, Version 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>T1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Creatix</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISDN-S0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISDN-S0 P&amp;P</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Compaq Microcom 610 ISDN (Compaq series PSB2222I) ISA PnP</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Neuhaus Niccy Go@ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ</p>
+
+<p>Dynalink IS64PPH É IS64PPH+</p>
+
+<p>Eicon Diehl DIVA 2.0 É 2.02</p>
+
+<p>ELSA</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ELSA PCC-16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QuickStep 1000pro ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MicroLink ISDN/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QuickStep 1000pro PCI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ITK ix1 Micro ( &lt; V.3, ÎÅ-PnP ×Å̉ÓÉÑ )</p>
+
+<p>Sedlbauer Win Speed</p>
+
+<p>Siemens I-Surf 2.0</p>
+
+<p>TELEINT ISDN SPEED No.1 (ÜËÓĐÅ̉ÉÍÅÎÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ)</p>
+
+<p>Teles</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>S0/8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16.3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16.3 PnP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16.3c ISA PnP (ÜËÓĐÅ̉ÉÍÅÎÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Teles PCI-TJ</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Traverse Technologies NETjet-S PCI</p>
+
+<p>USRobotics Sportster ISDN TA intern</p>
+
+<p>Winbond W6692 based PCI ËÁ̉ÔÙ</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, É 16550 ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ AST ÎÁ 4 ĐÏ̉ÔÁ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ARNET (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ar</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ ARNET ÎÁ 8 ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARNET (ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Digiboard) Sync 570/i high-speed serial</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Boca ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB1004 4-Port ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ (ÍÏÄÅÍÙ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca IOAT66 6-Port ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ (ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB1008 8-Port ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ (ÍÏÄÅÍÙ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB2016 16-Port ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ (ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Comtrol Rocketport ËÁ̉ÔÁ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cyclades Cyclom-Y serial board (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>STB ÎÁ 4 ĐÏ̉ÔÁ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+
+<p>DigiBoard intelligent serial cards (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ digi)</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Actiontech 56K PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S É PCI IO 4S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Comtrol RocketPort 550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Decision Computers PCCOM 4-ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ Ó Ä×ƠÍÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ RS232/422/485</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolphin Peripherals 4025/4035/4036</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IC Book Labs Dreadnought 16x Lite É Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lava Computers 2SP-PCI/DSerial-PCI/Quattro-PCI/Octopus-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Middle Digital, Weasle ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Moxa Industio CP-114, Smartio C104H-PCI É C168H/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PK-UG-X001 É PK-UG-X008</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 PCI UART</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech SD-LAB PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber I/O PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2P1S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber Serial (Single É Dual) PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Titan PCI-200H É PCI-800H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>US Robotics (3Com) 3CP5609 ÍÏÄÅÍ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VScom PCI-400 É PCI-800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>SDL Communication ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ rc)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDL Communications RISCom/N2 É N2pci ×ÙÓÏËÏÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sr</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Specialix SI/XIO/SX ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, Ó ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍ SIHOST2.x É ÎÏ×ÙÍ
+``̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÍ'' (transputer based, aka JET) host ËÁ̉ÔÁÍÉ (ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ISA, EISA É PCI)
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=si&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">si</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>Advance (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asound 100 É 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120 É ALS4000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ESS</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 É ES1888 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, É Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎ × ÑÄ̉Ï FreeBSD
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">snd_maestro3_load="YES"</kbd>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ForteMedia fm801</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel 443MX, 810, 815, É 815E ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>NeoMagic 256AV/ZX (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>OPTi 931/82C931 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>S3 Sonicvibes</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Trident 4DWave DX/NX (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VIA Technologies VT82C686A</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Brooktree Bt848/849/878/879 ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ ÉÚÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÊ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Connectix QuickCam</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ USB ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ; ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ, Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å. ÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á USB
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÚÁ ̉ÅÄËÉÍÉ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑÍÉ ̀ÀÂÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ EHCI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉Ù</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond Rio 500, 600, É 800 MP3 Đ̀ÅÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Devices supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ù É ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÎÙÅ ËÁÂÅ̀É Ë ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÍ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁÍ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ USB Ë ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̉ÔƠ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support the BWCT console management serial adapters.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>è̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory ``PicoDrive'' GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM,
+DVD-RAM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100Mb (ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``PetitDrive'', RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk ``PetitDrive2'', RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``ClipDrive'', RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI ËÁÂÅ̀Ø</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following devices:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for PCI/CardBus firewire interface cards. The driver supports the
+following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>PCCARD ÈÏÓÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports various cards containing the Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, and 7956 chipsets,
+such as:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁËÓ-ÍÏÄÅÍ/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉É×ÏÄÙ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÁÑÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÁÍ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AT Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB ÍÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PC-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÄÖÏÊÓÔÉËÉ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PHS Data Communication Card/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NTT DoCoMo P-in Comp@ct</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KX-PH405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SII MC-P200</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Xilinx XC6200 ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó HOT1 ÏÔ <a
+href="http://www.vcc.com/" target="_top">Virtual Computers</a> (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ xrpu).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-ia64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-ia64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..835e7e9354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-ia64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2713 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/ia64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/ia64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC-IA64">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN39">ïÂÚÏ̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÏ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ. ïÎ ÎÅĐÏ̀ÏÎ É ÎƠÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÊÔÅ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ IA-64 Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÍ, ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÍ
+Đ̀ÁÔÁÍ, É ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÍ × FreeBSD × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ia64" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ FreeBSD ÎÁ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞƠ IA64</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ IA-64 ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/ia64
+5.3-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ IA-64. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ
+× ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ FreeBSD/ia64 ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ia64/index.html" target="_top">FreeBSD/ia64
+Project</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC-IA64" name="PROC-IA64">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É
+ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.intel.com/design/itanium/itanium/index.htm" target="_top">Itanium</a> É
+<a href="http://www.intel.com/design/itanium2/index.htm" target="_top">Itanium 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP zx1 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ, ÓÍÏỔÉÔÅ <a href="http://perforce.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">Perforce repository</a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP i2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 460GX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel E8870</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ïÂÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, Uniprocessor (UP) É Symmetric Multi-processor (SMP) ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
+ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó̃ÉÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÙÍÉ.
+đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÏÍ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ UP Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN39" name="AEN39">2.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ É̀É ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ FreeBSD/ia64.</p>
+
+<p>úÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÈ × PC ̃ÉĐÓÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×, ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó̉ÁÚƠ. óÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ×ÓÅÈ
+ia64-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍ ÚÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍ É ÉÈ ÔÅËƠƯÅÍƠ ÓÔÁÔƠÓƠ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÏÂƯÅÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ, ``PC standard'' ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ Intel legacy ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÎÁ PA ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ. đ̉É̃ÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÓÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ HP ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ × ĐÁÍÑÔØ É É ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ,
+ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ PCI dictated VGA legacy.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>,
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÁ ÎÅ Intel legacy ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ (ÎÏ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Intel legacy), ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÉÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÄÅ̀ÁÀÔ ISA-ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÅ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN55" name="AEN55"></a>
+<table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE">
+<col />
+<col />
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>îÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ Ó ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅÍ × ĐÁÍÑÔØ</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>ôÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ BIOS, VGA, É Ô.Ä.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>ôÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ MSS ISA ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ad
+nauseum</i></span></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>öÅÓÔËÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁĂÉÑ ISA ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ IA-64. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ. đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ
+ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following RAID adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
+Ethernet controller chips, including the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, É 16550 ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Diva Serial (GSP) Multiport UART (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ EHCI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for PCI/CardBus firewire interface cards. The driver supports the
+following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>VGA-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÁÑÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÁÍ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-pc98.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-pc98.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ded0f9f14d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-pc98.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4833 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/pc98 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/pc98
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-SYS">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ NEC PC-98x1 ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/pc98
+5.3-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ NEC PC-98x1. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-SYS" name="SUPPORT-SYS">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801/9821 series Ó ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ×ÓÅÍÉ i386-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÍÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ 80386,
+80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, É ÉÈ ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ. ÷ÓÅ i386-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù
+AMD, Cyrix, IBM É IDT ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>NEC FC-9801/9821 series, É NEC SV-98 series (ÏÂÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙ Ó PC-9801/9821 series)
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>EPSON PC-386/486/586 series, ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó NEC PC-9801 series, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÖÉÍ ×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. NEC PC-98XA/XL/RL/XL^2 É NEC PC-H98
+series ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏÍ (PC-9801 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÍ) ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË Rs20/B20), SMP
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>óÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÁÑ ÛÉÎÁ PC-9801/9821 (ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ C-Bus), ÛÉÎÁ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ PC-9801NOTE
+(110pin), É ÛÉÎÁ PCI ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ. ûÉÎÁ New Extend Standard Architecture (NESA)
+(ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÁÑ × PC-H98, SV-H98, É FC-H98 series) ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ NEC PC-98x1.
+ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.
+đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ wdc)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>÷ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ IDE ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ct</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM bus-master SCSI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM IF-2660, IF-2766, IF-2766ET, IF-2767 and IF-2769</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-N151 and LHA-20x series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-554NA and MDC-926R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 and compatibles</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMIT transfer type SCSI host adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEXA HA-55BS2 and its later models</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó ÎÉÍÉ C-Bus SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ bs)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó ÎÉÍÉ</p>
+
+<p>ICM IF-2660</p>
+
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-554NA</p>
+
+<p>Logitec LHA-N151</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x00000</var> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É DMA.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98II</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x10000</var> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É DMA.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEXA HA-55BS2 É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÚÄÎÉÅ</p>
+
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-926Rs</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x20000</var> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Bus-master SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x30000</var> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ÓÅ SMIT transfer type SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x40000</var> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É SMIT.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-20x series</p>
+
+<p>ICM IF-2766, IF-2766ET, IF-2767 É IF-2769</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">flags 0x50000</var> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports SCSI controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are currently supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncv</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCSC-DV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004, and UJDCD450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J03R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic Fast SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (SCSI only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stg&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stg</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain SCSI2GO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain TMC-18XX/3260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM PSC-2401 SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, REX-9836A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that the Adaptec 2920C is supported by the ahc(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alpha-Data AD-PCS201</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA CBSC16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Alteon Tigon I and II chips. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
+tested with the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
+PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE32-VL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan BICC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond HomeFree</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DEPCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra 486/66XM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra XU</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Also supported are adapters working with the pcn(4) driver. The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+runs these in compatibility mode, thus the pcn(4) driver should be preferred.</p>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following Ethernet NICs:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c503 Etherlink II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AR-P500 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1644 (old model), EN1646 (old model), EN2203 (old model) (110pin) (flags
+0xd00000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2212/EN2216/UE2216</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis CentreCOM LA100-PCM_V2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis LA-98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIC-98, SIC-98NOTE (110pin), SIU-98 (flags 0x600000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIU-98-D (flags 0x610000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AmbiCom 10BaseT card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bay Networks NETGEAR FA410TXC Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet BC40 adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex Net-A adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98), RT-1007(98), C-NET(9N) (110pin) (flags 0xa00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)E-A, C-NET(98)L-A, C-NET(98)P (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether98-T (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether PCC-T/EtherII PCC-T/FEther PCC-TXF/PCC-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CyQ've ELA-010</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC EtherWorks DE305</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Danpex EN-6200P2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-298, DE-298P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-650/660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link IC-CARD/IC-CARD+ Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-98P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-BDN, LD-NW801G (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CDL/TX, LD-CDF, LD-CDS, LD-10/100CD, LD-CDWA (DP83902A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP PC Lan+ 27247B and 27252A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM Creditcard Ethernet I/II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM AD-ET2-T, DT-ET-25, DT-ET-T5, IF-2766ET, IF-2771ET, NB-ET-T (110pin) (flags
+0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA/T-98, LA/T-98SB, LA2/T-98, ET/T-98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA ET2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCLATE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kansai KLA-98C/T (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE-PC2, KNE-PCM/x Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EC2T/PCMPC100/PCM100, PCMLM56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EtherFast 10/100 PC Card, Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card (PCMPC100 V2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LAN-98T (flags 0xb00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA Ethernet ME1 for JEIDA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA ME98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA NE2098 (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO EGY-98 (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGH-98, LGY-98, LGY-98-N (110pin), IND-SP, IND-SS (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LPC-T/LPC2-T/LPC2-CLT/LPC2-TX/LPC3-TX/LPC3-CLX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Ethernet Instant-Link</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-77, PC-9801-78 (flags 0x910000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-107, PC-9801-108 (flags 0x800000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor InfoMover NE4100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA-410TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetVin 5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Network Everywhere Ethernet 10BaseT PC Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld 98X3 (flags 0xd00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld EC-98X, EP-98X (flags 0xd10000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE1000/NE2000/NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX ENW-8300-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298-C (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298P-T, EN-2298-T (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX FNW-3600-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RealTek 8029</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite Ultra</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EtherEZ98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC WD8003E/WD8003EBT/WD8003S/WD8003SBT/WD8003W/WD8013EBT/WD8013W and clones</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Socket LP-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom EtherPerfect EP-427</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom NE-34</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD031, Grey Cell GCS2000 Ethernet Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Telecom Device SuperSocket RE450T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT86C926</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Winbond W89C940</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>C-Bus, ISA, PCI and PC Card devices are supported.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 based Fast Ethernet adapters and
+embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National
+Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports National Semiconductor DP83820 and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
+controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters including a large
+number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver also
+supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and Compaq
+Deskpro desktop machines including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports ASIX Electronics AX88172 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports RealTek RTL8150 based USB Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Controllers and cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Ethernet adapters based on the 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel Tasking chipset,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor DP83934AVQB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-83</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-84</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-104</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-15</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J02 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J02R PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+also includes support for the National Semiconductor NS46C46 as 64 * 16 bits Microwave
+Serial EEPROM.</p>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
+Ethernet controller chips, including the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82546,
+82546EB and 82547 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=my&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">my</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for various NICs based on the Myson chipset. Supported models include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD800 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD803 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD89X PCI Gigabit Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports VIA Networking VT3119 and VT6122 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Midway ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù hfa É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT NICStAR 77201/211 ATM ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=idt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">idt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 É HE622 ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT77252 ATM ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ÉÍ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, É
+Symbol Spectrum24 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Raytheon Raylink 2.4GHz ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following models of Tau-PCI WAN adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI/R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-G703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-2E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-4E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-T3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-STS1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Internel ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PC-9801 on-board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PC-9821 2'nd CCU (flags 0x12000000)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC PC-9861K, PC-9801-101 É Midori-Denshi MDC-926Rs (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>COM2 (flags 0x01000000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>COM3 (flags 0x02000000)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC PC-9801-120 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x11000000".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Microcore MC-16550, MC-16550II, MC-RS98 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x14000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Media Intelligent RSB-2000, RSB-3000 É AIWA B98-02 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x15000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Media Intelligent RSB-384 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x16000001".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>I-O DATA RSA-98III (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x18000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Hayes ESP98 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "options COM_ESP" É "flags
+0x19000000".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801-73, 86 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ nss)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NEC A-MATE internal sound</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Q-Vision WaveStar, WaveMaster</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC X-MATE, CanBe, ValueStar internal (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ mss)</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster(98) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sb</span>(4)</span></a> )</p>
+
+<p>I-O DATA CD-BOX (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sb</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MPU-401 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ mpu)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Q-Vision WaveStar</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Brooktree Bt848/849/878/879 ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ ÉÚÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÊ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ USB ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ; ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ, Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å. ÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á USB
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÚÁ ̉ÅÄËÉÍÉ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑÍÉ ̀ÀÂÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all OHCI v1.0 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all UHCI v1.1 compliant controllers including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ EHCI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉Ù</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond Rio 500, 600, É 800 MP3 Đ̀ÅÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Devices supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ù É ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÎÙÅ ËÁÂÅ̀É Ë ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÍ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁÍ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ USB Ë ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̉ÔƠ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support the BWCT console management serial adapters.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following adapters:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following devices are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>è̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory ``PicoDrive'' GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM,
+DVD-RAM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100Mb (ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``PetitDrive'', RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk ``PetitDrive2'', RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk ``ClipDrive'', RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI ËÁÂÅ̀Ø</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ CDROM)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data Đ̉É×ÏÄ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following devices:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>PCCARD ÈÏÓÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports various cards containing the Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, and 7956 chipsets,
+such as:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports cards containing any of the following chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁËÓ-ÍÏÄÅÍ/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉É×ÏÄÙ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB ÍÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.xfree86.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC-9821 standard'' ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̉Ô ÄÖÏÊÓÔÉËÁ ÎÁ SoundBlaster(98) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PHS Data Communication Card/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NTT DoCoMo P-in Comp@ct</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KX-PH405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SII MC-P200</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Power Management Controller ÎÁ NEC PC-98 Note (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pmc)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-sparc64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-sparc64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..feb12ebdc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware-sparc64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1962 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/sparc64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-SYS">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN26">đÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#AEN80">₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#AEN88">îÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ UltraSPARC ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.3-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ UltraSPARC. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-SYS" name="SUPPORT-SYS">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ
+UltraSPARC. úÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÁÈ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://sunsolve.sun.com/handbook_pub/" target="_top">Sun System Handbook</a>.</p>
+
+<p>SMP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1 Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ƠĐÏÍÑÎƠÔÁ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ Ó FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE. íÙ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÍ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÅÅ É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ Ơ×ÅÄÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-sparc64" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ FreeBSD ÎÁ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞƠ SPARC</a> Ó ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÁÍÉ
+ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÈ É ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN26" name="AEN26">2.1. đÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Blade 100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Blade 150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 220R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 420R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fire V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fire V120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t1 105</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra T1 AC200/DC200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1400/1405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra 120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra X1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SPARCEngine Ultra AXi</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SPARCEngine Ultra AXmp</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 80</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN80" name="AEN80">2.2. ₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD. ÷ ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉
+scsi × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ sbus ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 3500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 4500</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN88" name="AEN88">2.3. îÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD. đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á (UltraSPARC III), ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ ÄÉÚÁÊÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ
+FreeBSD ÎÅÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÊ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×,
+ÂÅÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ FreeBSD ÂÅÓĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>÷ÓÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ(ÁÍÉ) UltraSPARC III.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.2 2004/09/23
+06:12:03 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ UltraSPARC.
+ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.
+đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controllers supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a> can be
+either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the following add-on boards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following controllers are supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SCSI controller chips supprted by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+can be found onboard on many systems including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver provides
+support for the following chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following NICs are known to work with the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver at this
+time:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Adapters supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+the following hardware:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a
+built-in proprietary modem. Neither the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver nor any
+other driver supports this modem.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and server
+models. Cards supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Cards supported by <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gem</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+include:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun GEM gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun ERI 10/100 Mbps Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple GMAC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver supports
+RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
+Ethernet adapters including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.3. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.4. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù hfa É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 É HE622 ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.5. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.6. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.7. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.8. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ̃ÉĐÅ SAB82532 ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sab&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sab</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Zilog 8530 dual uart, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+zs)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.9. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Some onboard CS4610 chips are accompanied by the CS423x ISA codec instead of the
+CS4297 AC97 codec. Such configurations are not supported by the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver yet.</p>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+driver supports the following soundcards:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.10. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+provides support for PCI/CardBus firewire interface cards. The driver supports the
+following IEEE 1394 OHCI chipsets:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.13. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>The <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+supports all Bluetooth USB devices that conform with the Bluetooth specification v1.1,
+including:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.14. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.15. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>OpenFirmware ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ofwcons)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4113a701e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/hardware.html
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print" href="../../../layout/css/fixed.css?20130112" type="text/css" />
+
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+  <body>
+    <div id="containerwrap">
+      <div id="container">
+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
+  <a href="#contentwrap" title="Skip section navigation" accesskey="2">Skip section navigation</a> (2)
+</span>
+        <div id="headercontainer">
+          <div id="header">
+            <h2 class="blockhide">Header And Logo</h2>
+            <div id="headerlogoleft">
+              <a href="../.." title="FreeBSD">
+                <img src="../../../layout/images/logo-red.png" width="457" height="75" alt="FreeBSD" />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+            <div id="headerlogoright">
+              <div class="frontdonateroundbox">
+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatecontent">
+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatebot">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Peripheral Links</h2>
+              <div id="searchnav">
+                <ul id="searchnavlist"></ul>
+              </div>
+              <div id="search">
+                <form method="get" id="search-form" action="https://duckduckgo.com/" onsubmit="document.getElementById('words').value+=' (site:www.FreeBSD.org OR site:docs.FreeBSD.org OR site:lists.FreeBSD.org OR site:wiki.FreeBSD.org OR site:forums.FreeBSD.org)'">
+                  <h2 class="blockhide">
+                    <label for="words">đÏÉÓË</label>
+                  </h2>
+                  <input type="hidden" name="ka" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kt" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kh" value="1" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kj" value="r2" />
+                  <input id="words" name="q" type="text" size="20" maxlength="255" onfocus="if( this.value==this.defaultValue ) this.value='';" value="đÏÉÓË" />
+                  <span>�</span>
+                  <input id="submit" name="submit" type="submit" value="đÏÉÓË" />
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+              </div>
+            </div>
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+          <div id="menu">
+            <ul class="first">
+              <li>
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+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/porters-handbook">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÅ̉Á</a>
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+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi">óỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ</a>
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+                </ul>
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+                <a href="../../community.html">óÏÏÂƯÅÓÔ×Ï</a>
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+                  </li>
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+                    <a href="../../usergroups.html">ç̉ƠĐĐÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ</a>
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+                    <a href="http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/IdeasPage">éÄÅÉ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://svn.FreeBSD.org/viewvc/base/">SVN ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
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+                    <a href="http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org">CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
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+                    <a href="http://p4web.FreeBSD.org">Perforce ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
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+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ</a>
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+              <li>
+                <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/">æÏÎÄ</a>
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+                    <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/donate/">đÏÖÅ̉Ô×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ</a>
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+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
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+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(óÔÁ̉ÙÊ) đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">óÎÜĐÛÏÔ-̉Å̀ÉÚÙ</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">đÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</h1>
+
+  <p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD ĐƠẦÉËƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
+    Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (É̀É
+    Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÙ) ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ï× É̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ.</p>
+
+  <p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ Ä̀Ñ
+    Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="hardware-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+    <li><a href="hardware-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>óĐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÈÓÑ × ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ, ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎ
+    ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+    Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í</a>.</p>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">ëÁ̉ÔÁ ÓÁÊÔÁ</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">ơÓ̀Ï×ÉÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a> | ¿ 1995-2014
+  đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD. ÷ÓÅ Đ̉Á×Á ÚÁƯÉƯÅÎÙ.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-alpha.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-alpha.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4a5449062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-alpha.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1155 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/alpha 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/alpha
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/alpha 5.3-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ Alpha/AXP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD/alpha. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ. üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓË ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎ Ë SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ơ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ SRM firmware É̀É Ë IDE ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ơ, ÅÓ̀É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó IDE ÄÉÓËÏ× ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̉ÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ïâñúáôǻøîï ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÅ̉×ÙÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÏÍ (̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ <var
+class="LITERAL">a</var>) ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ä̀Ñ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÔÁ̀Á ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ firmware SRM ËÏÎÓÏ̀É Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ. ÷ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
+ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÖÄƠ AlphaBIOS (É̀É ARC) firmware É SRM. ÷ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ
+ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ firmware Ó ×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ỔÅÈ) Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË
+ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ CDROM É̀É ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ÏÂƯÅÍ
+Ó̀ỠÁÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÅÍ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ
+ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏĐƠƯÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË Ó CDROM É̀É ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÉÚ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (Ä̀Ñ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ. úÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ×ÓÅ <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kernX.flp</tt> Ó <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀, ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á É̀É, É̀É ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ỔÉ (É̀É ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ) ̃ÉÓÔÙÈ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÔÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ É
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ, Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ. üÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> DOS ÆÁỀÙ. ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS É̀É
+UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> ĐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÎÁ CDROM É̀É ÎÁ FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ FreeBSD) É̀É Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> × UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdimage boot.flp a:</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> × ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ. ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å UNIX, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ UNIX
+ĐÏ-̉ÁÚÎÏÍƠ ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó CDROM. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ FreeBSD ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÎÅÇÏ. ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ
+ÄÉÓË × Đ̉É×ÏÄ É ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ (ĐÏÄÓÔÁ×É× Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ ÉÍÑ
+CDROM ÅÓ̀É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dka0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×Ù ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁ̃ÁÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÁÍ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/kernX.flp</tt>, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ÉÚ <a
+href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>. ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>, Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÉÚ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ SRM ËÏÎÓÏ̀É (<var class="LITERAL">&gt;&gt;&gt;</var>) ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dva0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ É ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÏÅ
+ÏËÎÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÁ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔØ FreeBSD/alpha
+ĐƠÔÅÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á × Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÉ SRM Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dkc0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïÎÁ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ firmware ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ. ä̀Ñ ĐÏÉÓËÁ SRM ÉÍÅÎ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <var class="LITERAL">show device</var>:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">show device</kbd>
+dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
+dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
+dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
+dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
+ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
+pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
+pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
+pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ×ÚÑÔ Ó Digital Personal Workstation 433au É ĐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ỔÉ ÄÉÓËÁ,
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ë ÍÁÛÉÎÅ. đÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜÔÏ CDROM, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ <tt class="DEVICENAME">dka0</tt>, Á
+Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Ä×Á ÄÉÓËÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <tt class="DEVICENAME">dkc0</tt> É <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">dkc100</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ËÁËÏÊ ÆÁỀ ÑÄ̉Á ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÔØ É ËÁËÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ <var class="OPTION">-file</var> É <var class="OPTION">-flags</var>,
+ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">boot -file kernel.old -flags s</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ FreeBSD/alpha, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">set boot_osflags a</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">set bootdef_dev dkc0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">set auto_action BOOT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <var class="OPTION">link0</var> × ÏËÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó
+ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/alpha/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN427" name="AEN427">1.5.6. óÏ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊ VGA ËÁ̉ÔÙ), Ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>đÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ ̀ÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ É̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á Ë
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> ĐÏ̉ÔƠ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ïÔË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ!) É ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É̀É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÉĐÁ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ, Ó
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÏÊ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉ̃ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É, ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ ÏĐÑÔØ.
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ <a href="#HITSPACE">ÛÁÇ 5</a> ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. đÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÄÉÓË <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt>. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÉÔÓÑ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏĐÑÔØ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Á ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ĂÉÆ̉Ơ <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô. åÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, Đ̉Ï×Å̉ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á É̀É
+ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á. ïÎÉ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̃ÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+Alpha/AXP</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ARC É̀É Alpha BIOS
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! äÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̀É Ñ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ
+ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ??</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù Compaq Tru64 É̀É
+VMS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× Compaq Tru64
+(OSF/1)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× Linux?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× NT Alpha?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ARC É̀É Alpha
+BIOS ËÏÎÓÏ̀É?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÅÔ. FreeBSD, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË Compaq Tru64 É VMS, ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ó SRM
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! äÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+̀É Ñ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ??</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÄÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù Compaq Tru64 É̀É VMS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÎÅÔ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> ₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×
+Compaq Tru64 (OSF/1)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD Ï̃ÅÎØ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ Tru64 Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ĐÁËÅÔÁ/ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/osf1_base/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/osf1_base</tt></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> ₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ× Linux?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ AlphaLinux Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ/ĐÁËÅÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base</tt></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> ₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×
+NT Alpha?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ NT, ÈÏÔÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù
+NT.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ CDROM, FTP É̀É NFS ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ, ×ÓÅ, ̃ÔÏ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ 1.44MB ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a>), ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÈ É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ
+ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ (ÆÁỀ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">man</var> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ
+ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉
+ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Fixit'' × ×Å̉ÈÎÅÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ä̀Ñ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É̀É ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÁÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ, É̀É ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ CDROM × ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ fixit ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ
+``Fixit'' ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ fixit ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ É̀É CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. đÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ
+Ó ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ (× ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÁ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ</i></span> ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ Alpha/AXP</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/amd64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ AMD64 ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÍÉ Athlon64, Athlon64-FX, Opteron É̀É ×ÙÛÅ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ nVidia nForce3 Pro-150, ×ÁÍ îåïâèïäéíï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ BIOS
+setup Ä̀Ñ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ IO APIC. åÓ̀É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ, ×ÁÍ ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙË̀À̃ÉÔØ ACPI. ÷ ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÅ Pro-150 ÅÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, Ä̀Ñ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÙ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÎÁÛ̀É
+ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ĐƠÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × FreeBSD/amd64.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó CDROM. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä×Á ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉Ô ``CDBOOT'' ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ CDROM É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó CD
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD × Đ̉É×ÏÄ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ĐÏÄ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. úÁÔÅÍ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏ̉Å ÎÁ̃ÎÅÔÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN311" name="AEN311">1.5.3. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á MS-DOS ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÙ ÉÚ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å DOS (<tt
+class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÆÁỀÙ, ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD C:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ CD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS (É Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt
+class="FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> -- ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÜÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ É
+×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``DOS'' × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ ËÏÇÄÁ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔ ×̉ÅÍÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <var class="OPTION">link0</var> × ÏËÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó
+ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN427" name="AEN427">1.5.6. óÏ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊ VGA ËÁ̉ÔÙ), Ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>đÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ ̀ÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ É̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á Ë
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> ĐÏ̉ÔƠ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ïÔË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ!) É ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É̀É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÉĐÁ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ, Ó
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÏÊ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉ̃ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É, ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ ÏĐÑÔØ.
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ <a href="#HITSPACE">ÛÁÇ 5</a> ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. đÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÄÉÓË <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt>. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÉÔÓÑ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏĐÑÔØ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Á ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ĂÉÆ̉Ơ <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô. åÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, Đ̉Ï×Å̉ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á É̀É
+ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á. ïÎÉ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̃ÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+AMD64</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îƠÖÎÏ ̀É ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ
+ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">íÏÇƠ Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ DOS ×
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îƠÖÎÏ ̀É
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>åÓ̀É ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ DOS É Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÎÅÔ É̀É
+ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÏ! ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <b
+class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÁÑÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt>
+FreeBSD CDROM É̀É ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ftp ÓÁÊÔÁÈ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï DOS
+ÎÁ Ä×Å ̃ÁÓÔÉ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÑ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÄÅ̀ÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÎÁ ×ÔÏ̉ƠÀ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎƠÀ
+̃ÁÓÔØ. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÄÅÆ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ <tt
+class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> ÉÚ DOS 6.xx É̀É <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk
+Tools</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ FIPS. ïÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀. ỡÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ FIPS ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ËÁË ``Ë̀ÏÎ'' ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ, ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS. îÅ ×Ï̀ÎƠÊÔÅÓØ! ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ DOS (ƠÂÅÄÉ×ÛÉÓØ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀,
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉É× ÅÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉).</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ îå ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ NTFS. ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÊ Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË <b
+class="APPLICATION">Partition Magic</b>. üÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÏÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ,
+ÅÓ̀É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Windows ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÎỜÑ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ DOS.
+đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> íÏÇƠ Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÅÔ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÁËƠÀ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ ËÁË <b
+class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) É̀É <b class="APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm),
+FreeBSD ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÔƠ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ×Ù ÏÓÔÁ×É̀É
+ÎÅÓÖÁÔÏÊ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂƠÄÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ
+(ÆÁỀ stacked/dblspaced!). <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
+ÆÁỀ</i></span>!</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÊ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÊ DOS ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÆÁỀÏ× ÍÅÖÄƠ DOS É FreeBSD, ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>äÁ. ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÏÓ̀Å Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ``Ó̀ÁÊÓÏ×'' FreeBSD, Ô.Å.
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> -- <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt> É Ô.Ä. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å
+Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI 0. ä̀Ñ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
+<var class="LITERAL">da</var> ÎÁ <var class="LITERAL">ad</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. éÎÙÍÉ
+Ó̀Ï×ÁÍÉ, ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù ÍÏÎÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ̀ÀÂÙÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ DOS ÄÉÓËÉ, Ô.Å.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+DOS × FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>èÏÔÑ ÅƯÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÓỔÙÅ ƠÇ̀Ù, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a>,
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ. đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. åÓ̀É
+×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ, ÏÔĐ̉Á×ØÔÅ ĐÉÓØÍÏ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ×Ï FreeBSD</a> É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÜÔÏÊ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÀƯÅÊÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ!</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÔ 8088 É
+BIOS ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS. ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÍƠ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ X Window
+System (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD
+Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.
+đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/wine/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/wine</tt></a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÄ FreeBSD,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × X
+Windows (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÍÉÔÉ̉ƠÀÔ
+``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ'' É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ĐÏ×Å̉È FreeBSD.
+đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/bochs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/bochs</tt></a> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, Linux É
+ÄÁÖÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ËÏĐÉÑÍ FreeBSD ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÏËÎÁ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÅÇÏ ÓÔÏ̀Á FreeBSD. đÏ̉ÔÙ/ĐÁËÅÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware2</tt></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware3/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware3</tt></a> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ VMware.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ CDROM, FTP É̀É NFS ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ, ×ÓÅ, ̃ÔÏ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ 1.44MB ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a>), ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÈ É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ
+ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ (ÆÁỀ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">man</var> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ
+ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉
+ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Fixit'' × ×Å̉ÈÎÅÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ä̀Ñ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É̀É ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÁÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ, É̀É ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ CDROM × ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ fixit ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ
+``Fixit'' ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ fixit ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ É̀É CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. đÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ
+Ó ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ (× ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÁ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ</i></span> ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ AMD64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ i386 Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ 486 Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ É̀É ×ÙÛÅ (ÈÏÔÑ Ó
+Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÑÄ̉ÏÍ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÈ 386), ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 8 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É 7 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ. ÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ
+150MB Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ Ä̀Ñ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÉÖÅ ÄÁÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ
+ĐÏ ỞÅÚÁÎÉÀ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ỔÅÈ) Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË
+ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ CDROM É̀É ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ÏÂƯÅÍ
+Ó̀ỠÁÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÅÍ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ
+ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏĐƠƯÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË Ó CDROM É̀É ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÉÚ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (Ä̀Ñ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ. úÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ×ÓÅ <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kernX.flp</tt> Ó <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀, ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á É̀É, É̀É ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ỔÉ (É̀É ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ) ̃ÉÓÔÙÈ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÔÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ É
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ, Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ. üÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> DOS ÆÁỀÙ. ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS É̀É
+UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> ĐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÎÁ CDROM É̀É ÎÁ FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ FreeBSD) É̀É Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> × UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdimage boot.flp a:</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> × ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ. ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å UNIX, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ UNIX
+ĐÏ-̉ÁÚÎÏÍƠ ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó CDROM. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä×Á ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉Ô ``CDBOOT'' ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ CDROM É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó CD
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD × Đ̉É×ÏÄ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ĐÏÄ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. úÁÔÅÍ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏ̉Å ÎÁ̃ÎÅÔÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM (É̀É ×ÁÛ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó CDROM), ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ PPP, SLIP É̀É ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.
+îÁ̃ÎÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/kernX.flp</tt>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>. đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÄÉÓË
+<tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>; ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ
+ÄÉÓËÉ. đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FTPNFS">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.5.5</a> Ó ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É NFS.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN311" name="AEN311">1.5.3. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á MS-DOS ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÙ ÉÚ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å DOS (<tt
+class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÆÁỀÙ, ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD C:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ CD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS (É Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt
+class="FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> -- ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÜÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ É
+×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``DOS'' × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ ËÏÇÄÁ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔ ×̉ÅÍÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <var class="OPTION">link0</var> × ÏËÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó
+ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN427" name="AEN427">1.5.6. óÏ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊ VGA ËÁ̉ÔÙ), Ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>đÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ ̀ÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ É̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á Ë
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> ĐÏ̉ÔƠ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ïÔË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ!) É ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É̀É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÉĐÁ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ, Ó
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÏÊ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉ̃ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É, ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ ÏĐÑÔØ.
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ <a href="#HITSPACE">ÛÁÇ 5</a> ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. đÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÄÉÓË <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt>. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÉÔÓÑ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏĐÑÔØ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Á ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ĂÉÆ̉Ơ <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô. åÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, Đ̉Ï×Å̉ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á É̀É
+ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á. ïÎÉ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̃ÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+i386</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îƠÖÎÏ ̀É ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ
+ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">íÏÇƠ Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ DOS ×
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îƠÖÎÏ ̀É
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>åÓ̀É ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ DOS É Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÎÅÔ É̀É
+ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÏ! ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <b
+class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÁÑÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt>
+FreeBSD CDROM É̀É ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ftp ÓÁÊÔÁÈ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï DOS
+ÎÁ Ä×Å ̃ÁÓÔÉ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÑ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÄÅ̀ÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÎÁ ×ÔÏ̉ƠÀ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎƠÀ
+̃ÁÓÔØ. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÄÅÆ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ <tt
+class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> ÉÚ DOS 6.xx É̀É <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk
+Tools</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ FIPS. ïÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀. ỡÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ FIPS ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ËÁË ``Ë̀ÏÎ'' ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ, ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS. îÅ ×Ï̀ÎƠÊÔÅÓØ! ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ DOS (ƠÂÅÄÉ×ÛÉÓØ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀,
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉É× ÅÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉).</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ îå ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ NTFS. ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÊ Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË <b
+class="APPLICATION">Partition Magic</b>. üÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÏÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ,
+ÅÓ̀É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Windows ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÎỜÑ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ DOS.
+đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> íÏÇƠ Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÅÔ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÁËƠÀ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ ËÁË <b
+class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) É̀É <b class="APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm),
+FreeBSD ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÔƠ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ×Ù ÏÓÔÁ×É̀É
+ÎÅÓÖÁÔÏÊ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂƠÄÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ
+(ÆÁỀ stacked/dblspaced!). <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
+ÆÁỀ</i></span>!</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÊ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÊ DOS ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÆÁỀÏ× ÍÅÖÄƠ DOS É FreeBSD, ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>äÁ. ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÏÓ̀Å Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ``Ó̀ÁÊÓÏ×'' FreeBSD, Ô.Å.
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> -- <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt> É Ô.Ä. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å
+Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI 0. ä̀Ñ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
+<var class="LITERAL">da</var> ÎÁ <var class="LITERAL">ad</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. éÎÙÍÉ
+Ó̀Ï×ÁÍÉ, ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù ÍÏÎÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ̀ÀÂÙÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ DOS ÄÉÓËÉ, Ô.Å.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+DOS × FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>èÏÔÑ ÅƯÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÓỔÙÅ ƠÇ̀Ù, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a>,
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ. đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. åÓ̀É
+×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ, ÏÔĐ̉Á×ØÔÅ ĐÉÓØÍÏ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ×Ï FreeBSD</a> É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÜÔÏÊ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÀƯÅÊÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ!</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÔ 8088 É
+BIOS ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS. ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÍƠ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ X Window
+System (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD
+Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.
+đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/wine/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/wine</tt></a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÄ FreeBSD,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × X
+Windows (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÍÉÔÉ̉ƠÀÔ
+``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ'' É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ĐÏ×Å̉È FreeBSD.
+đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/bochs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/bochs</tt></a> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, Linux É
+ÄÁÖÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ËÏĐÉÑÍ FreeBSD ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÏËÎÁ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÅÇÏ ÓÔÏ̀Á FreeBSD. đÏ̉ÔÙ/ĐÁËÅÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware2</tt></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware3/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware3</tt></a> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ VMware.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ CDROM, FTP É̀É NFS ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ, ×ÓÅ, ̃ÔÏ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ 1.44MB ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a>), ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÈ É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ
+ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ (ÆÁỀ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">man</var> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ
+ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉
+ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Fixit'' × ×Å̉ÈÎÅÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ä̀Ñ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É̀É ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÁÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ, É̀É ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ CDROM × ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ fixit ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ
+``Fixit'' ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ fixit ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ É̀É CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. đÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ
+Ó ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ (× ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÁ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ</i></span> ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ i386</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>4.2.1. <a href="#Q4.2.1.">íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ Đ̉É ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É
+ÓỔÁÎÎÏ ×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÅÂÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, É̀É ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ ÎÅ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.2. <a href="#Q4.2.2.">ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀Ñ×ÛÅÅÓÑ × Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ
+FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ. ₫ÔÏ Ó̀ỠÉ̀ÏÓØ?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.3. <a href="#Q4.2.3.">đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ñ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÀÓØ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ
+ÄÉÓËÁ, ÑÄ̉Ï ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ É ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ
+×ÉÄÁ:</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.4. <a href="#Q4.2.4.">ñ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÀ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD, ÎÏ Boot Manager ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ × ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <var class="LITERAL">F?</var>
+É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.5. <a href="#Q4.2.5.">ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁÛÅ̀ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï É ÍÅÛÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ
+ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel EtherExpress.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.6. <a href="#Q4.2.6.">óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ËÁ̉ÔƠ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> ÎÏ Ñ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÀ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ device
+timeout.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.7. <a href="#Q4.2.7.">ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉ̀ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐ IBM ThinkPad (tm)
+É Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.8. <a href="#Q4.2.8.">íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁ̉ÔƠ Intel EtherExpress
+16.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.9. <a href="#Q4.2.9.">đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ EISA HP Netserver, ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ SCSI
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ AIC-7xxx ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.10. <a href="#Q4.2.10.">ơ ÍÅÎÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Panasonic AL-N1 É̀É Rios Chandler
+Pentium É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁ̃Á× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.11. <a href="#Q4.2.11.">ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ CMD640 IDE ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ É ÏÎ ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.12. <a href="#Q4.2.12.">đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÎÁ ÎÏƠÔÂƠËÅ Compaq Aero, Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.13. <a href="#Q4.2.13.">đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ Dell Poweredge XE, RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ Dell
+DSA (Dell SCSI Array) ÎÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.14. <a href="#Q4.2.14.">ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ IBM EtherJet PCI ËÁ̉ÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span>, ÎÏ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ËÁ̉ÔÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÖÉÇÁÀÔÓÑ É
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÎÅÔ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.15. <a href="#Q4.2.15.">ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÀ ÓÅÔØ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ IBM
+Netfinity 3500, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.16. <a href="#Q4.2.16.">ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË, ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Mylex
+PCI RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÏÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">read error</var>).</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.1." name="Q4.2.1."></a><b>4.2.1.</b> íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ Đ̉É
+ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ÓỔÁÎÎÏ ×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÅÂÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, É̀É ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ ÎÅ
+ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD 5.0 É ×ÙÛÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓ ACPI Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ i386 Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. ë
+ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å ACPI, ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÈ Đ̀ÁÔÁÈ É BIOS ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÏÛÉÂËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ACPI ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
+``hint.acpi.0.disabled'' ÎÁ ỔÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ <var
+class="LITERAL">hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</var> × ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËƠ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.2." name="Q4.2.2."></a><b>4.2.2.</b> ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀Ñ×ÛÅÅÓÑ ×
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ. ₫ÔÏ Ó̀ỠÉ̀ÏÓØ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË matcd, ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ É̀É ĐÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ Đ̉É̃ÉÎÁÍ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ, ÎÏ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÙ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Đ̉É ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×
+ĐÏĐÁÄÁÀÔ × ÜÔƠ ËÁÔÅÇÏ̉ÉÀ É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÎÏ×Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ỔÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ: aha,
+ahv, aic, bt, ed, cs, sn, ie, fe, le, É lnc. ä̀Ñ ÉÈ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÑ 10-ÔÉ ÓÅËƠÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÓ̃ÅÔÁ É ××ÅÄÉÔÅ × Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+unset hint.foo.0.disabled
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÇÄÅ <var class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var> ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÉÔØ.
+üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ
+``disabled''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.3." name="Q4.2.3."></a><b>4.2.3.</b> đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ñ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÀÓØ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÑÄ̉Ï ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ É ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÉÄÁ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root
+</pre>
+
+<p>₫ÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË? ₫ÔÏ Ñ ÍÏÇƠ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ?</p>
+
+<p>₫ÔÏ ÚÁ ÓỔÏËÁ <var
+class="LITERAL">bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</var>, ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀƯÁÑÓÑ ×
+boot help?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÄÁ×ÎÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ, ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀƯÁÑ ÅÓ̀É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÎÅ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÅ̉×ÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. BIOS ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÈÅÍƠ ÎƠÍÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀƯƠÀÓÑ ÏÔ ÎƠÍÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ
+× FreeBSD, É Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÅ ÓÏĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï× -- Ó̀ÏÖÎÁÑ ÚÁÄÁ̃Á.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ó̀ỠÁÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, FreeBSD ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ĐÏÍÏƯØ ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÇÏ. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä×Å ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÉ, É × ÏÂÅÉÈ ×ÁÍ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂƯÉÔØ FreeBSD ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ. óÄÅ̀ÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ,
+ƠËÁÚÁ× ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ × BIOS, ÔÉĐ ÄÉÓËÁ É ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ × FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÉ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ Ä×Á IDE ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ ËÁË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÎÁ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÛÉÎÅ
+IDE, É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎƠÖÎÏ ÓÏ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ. BIOS ×ÉÄÉÔ ÉÈ ËÁË ÄÉÓË 0 É ÄÉÓË 1, Á
+FreeBSD ×ÉÄÉÔ ÉÈ ËÁË <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ 1 ĐÏ ÎƠÍÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ BIOS, ÔÉĐ <var class="LITERAL">ad</var> É
+FreeBSD ÎƠÍÅ̉ÁĂÉÑ ÄÉÓËÁ 2, ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">1:ad(2,a)kernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÛÉÎÅ ÅÓÔØ ×ÔÏ̉É̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË, ×ÙÛÅĐ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉
+ÎÅ ÎƠÖÅÎ (É ÎÅ×Å̉ÅÎ).</p>
+
+<p>÷ÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ ÓÏ SCSI ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ É̀É
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ IDE ÄÉÓËÏ×. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ × FreeBSD ÍÅÎØÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ × BIOS.
+åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á IDE ÄÉÓËÁ É SCSI ÄÉÓË, × BIOS ÄÉÓË SCSI ÂƠÄÅÔ ĐÏÄ ÎÏÍÅ̉ÏÍ Ä×Á;
+ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ <var class="LITERAL">da</var> É FreeBSD ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ 0, Ô.Å.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">2:da(0,a)kernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÏÂƯÉÔØ FreeBSD, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ BIOS ÎÏÍÅ̉ 2, Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÍÓÑ
+ĐÅ̉×ÙÍ SCSI ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ IDE ÄÉÓË, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+``1:''.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀É̀É ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ, ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÜÔÉ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÎÁÂÉ̉Á̀ÉÓØ, × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot.config</tt>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉. åÓ̀É ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÊ, FreeBSD
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">boot:</var>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.4." name="Q4.2.4."></a><b>4.2.4.</b> ñ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÀ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ
+ÄÉÓËÁ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ÎÏ Boot Manager ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ × ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <var
+class="LITERAL">F?</var> É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÑ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ × Partition editor ÂÙ̀Á ×ÙẨÁÎÁ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. ÷Å̉ÎÉÔÅÓØ × Partition editor É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎƠÀ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÀ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.
+÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD ÅƯÅ ̉ÁÚ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎƠÀ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÀ, ×ÏÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚËÁ: ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ DOS × ÎÁ̃Á̀Å ÄÉÓËÁ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ FreeBSD ĐÏÓ̀Å ÎÅÇÏ. đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ơ×ÉÄÉÔ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ DOS É ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎƠÀ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÀ ÉÚ ÎÅÇÏ, ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ:</p>
+
+<a id="AEN856" name="AEN856"></a>
+<blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE">
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ FreeBSD É̀É ̉ÁÂÏ̃ƠÀ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÀ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×ÁÍ (×
+ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ) ÎÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó DOS, Linux É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ×Ù
+ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ (``A'' × ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉Å
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×), ÜÔÏ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ, ËÏÇÄÁ FreeBSD ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË, ÏÔ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ
+ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÄÏ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÅËÔÏ̉Á. ÷ÓÅ ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ Ï ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ÎÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÏ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÉ ÏÄÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÁÑ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.5." name="Q4.2.5."></a><b>4.2.5.</b> ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <span
+class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁÛÅ̀
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï É ÍÅÛÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel EtherExpress.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ``hint.mcd.0.disabled="1"'' É ``hint.mcd.1.disabled="1"''
+ÎÁ ỔÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">mcd0</tt> É <tt class="DEVICENAME">mcd1</tt>. ÷ÏÏÂƯÅ ÇÏ×Ï̉Ñ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÔÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.6." name="Q4.2.6."></a><b>4.2.6.</b> óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ËÁ̉ÔƠ <span
+class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> ÎÏ Ñ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÀ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ device timeout.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ËÁ̉ÔÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÎÁ ÔÏÍ IRQ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÏ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ed ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ
+``Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎƠÀ'' ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÀ (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ, ××ÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ EZSETUP × DOS), ÎÏ ÏÎ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎƠÀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËƠ, ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠËÁÖÅÔÅ <var class="LITERAL">-1</var> ×
+ÈÉÎÔÁÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>é̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÙ̃ËƠ ÎÁ ËÁ̉ÔÅ Ä̀Ñ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË (ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ
+ÑÄ̉Á ÅÓ̀É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ), É̀É ÚÁÄÁÊÔÅ IRQ <var class="LITERAL">-1</var> ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+``hint.ed.0.irq="-1"''. üÔÏ ƠËÁÖÅÔ ÑÄ̉Ơ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎƠÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ×ÁÛÁ ËÁ̉ÔÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ IRQ 9, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ó IRQ 2, ̃ÔÏ
+̃ÁÓÔÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ (ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ VGA ËÁ̉ÔÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ IRQ 2!). ÷Ù ÎÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ IRQ 2 É̀É 9 ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.7." name="Q4.2.7."></a><b>4.2.7.</b> ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉ̀ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ
+̀ÜĐÔÏĐ IBM ThinkPad (tm) É Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>óÔÁ̉ÙÅ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÙ IBM ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ ×Ù
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÓÏÏÂƯÉÔØ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ơ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (atkbd0) ĐÅ̉ÅÊÔÉ × ÓĐÅĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÊ ÎÁ
+ThinkPad. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.atkbd.0.flags="4"'' É ×ÓÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÚÁ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.8." name="Q4.2.8."></a><b>4.2.8.</b> íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁ̉ÔƠ
+Intel EtherExpress 16.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔØ ËÁ̉ÔƠ Intel EtherExpress 16 ÎÁ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ × ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ó
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ 0xD0000, É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÏÂßÅÍ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÍÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ × 32K ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Intel
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ <tt class="FILENAME">softset.exe</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.9." name="Q4.2.9."></a><b>4.2.9.</b> đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ EISA HP Netserver,
+×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ AIC-7xxx ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ, ÏÎÁ ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ × ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ. ä̀Ñ ÔÏÇÏ,
+̃ÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hw.eisa_slots="12"'' ÎÁ ỔÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.10." name="Q4.2.10."></a><b>4.2.10.</b> ơ ÍÅÎÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Panasonic AL-N1
+É̀É Rios Chandler Pentium É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁ̃Á× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ÁÛ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÏÄ <var class="LITERAL">i586_copyout</var> É
+<var class="LITERAL">i586_copyin</var>. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.npx.0.flags="1"''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.11." name="Q4.2.11."></a><b>4.2.11.</b> ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ CMD640 IDE ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉
+É ÏÎ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.12." name="Q4.2.12."></a><b>4.2.12.</b> đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÎÁ ÎÏƠÔÂƠËÅ
+Compaq Aero, Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÀ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Compaq ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÁÎÏÎÓÉ̉ƠÀÔ ÇÉÂËÉÊ ÄÉÓË ×
+CMOS RAM ÎÏƠÔÂƠËÁ Aero. ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÁ Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅÔ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÈ
+ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÏ×. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.fdc.0.flags="1"''. üÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ơ Ï
+ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÁ (ËÁË 1.44 MB ÄÉÓË) ÂÅÚ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ Ë CMOS.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.13." name="Q4.2.13."></a><b>4.2.13.</b> đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ Dell Poweredge
+XE, RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ Dell DSA (Dell SCSI Array) ÎÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÁÓỔÏÊÔÅ DSA Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ AHA-1540 ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ EISA.
+đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ FreeBSD ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉÔ DSA ËÁË Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ Ó irq 11 É ĐÏ̉ÔÏÍ
+340. ÷ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ DSA RAID ÄÉÓËÉ, ÎÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÈÁ̉ÁËÔÅ̉ÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ DSA, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÁẦÀÄÅÎÉÅ ÚÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ RAID.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.14." name="Q4.2.14."></a><b>4.2.14.</b> ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ IBM EtherJet PCI
+ËÁ̉ÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span>, ÎÏ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ËÁ̉ÔÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÖÉÇÁÀÔÓÑ É
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÎÅÔ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>íÙ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÍ ĐÏ̃ÅÍƠ ÜÔÏ Ó̀ỠÁÅÔÓÑ. IBM ÔÏÖÅ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ (ÍÙ ÓĐ̉ÁÛÉ×Á̀É ÉÈ). üÔÁ
+ËÁ̉ÔÁ -- ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÁÑ Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 Ó ÎÁË̀ÅÊËÏÊ IBM, É ÜÔÉ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ơ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÉÍĐÔÏÍÙ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ IBM Netfinity
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ. åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.15." name="Q4.2.15."></a><b>4.2.15.</b> ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÀ ÓÅÔØ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ IBM Netfinity 3500, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>üÔÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÍ Ethernet × Netfinity 3500, ËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÍ ̉ÅÛÉÔØ
+ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÅ SMP × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ÷ÁÍ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁÔÉÔØ ̀ÀÂÙÅ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ
+×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.16." name="Q4.2.16."></a><b>4.2.16.</b> ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓË, ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Mylex PCI RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÏÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ó
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ <var class="LITERAL">read error</var>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å Mylex, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × BIOS
+̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ``8GB''. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ̉ÅÖÉÍ 2GB.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-ia64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-ia64.html
new file mode 100644
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/ia64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/ia64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/ia64 5.3-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <var class="OPTION">link0</var> × ÏËÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó
+ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ia64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+IA-64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ CDROM, FTP É̀É NFS ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ, ×ÓÅ, ̃ÔÏ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ 1.44MB ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a>), ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÈ É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ
+ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ (ÆÁỀ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">man</var> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ
+ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉
+ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Fixit'' × ×Å̉ÈÎÅÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ä̀Ñ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É̀É ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÁÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ, É̀É ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ CDROM × ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ fixit ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ
+``Fixit'' ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ fixit ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ É̀É CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. đÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ
+Ó ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ (× ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÁ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ</i></span> ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ IA-64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/pc98 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/pc98
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/pc98 5.3-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ NEC PC-98x1 Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ 486 Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ É̀É ×ÙÛÅ (ÈÏÔÑ
+Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÑÄ̉ÏÍ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÈ 386), ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 8 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É 7 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ. ÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ
+150MB Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ Ä̀Ñ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÉÖÅ ÄÁÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ
+ĐÏ ỞÅÚÁÎÉÀ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ỔÅÈ) Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË
+ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ CDROM É̀É ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ÏÂƯÅÍ
+Ó̀ỠÁÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÅÍ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ
+ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏĐƠƯÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM É̀É ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ
+<tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (Ä̀Ñ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ) É̀É <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot-small.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern-small.flp</tt> (Ä̀Ñ
+1.2MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ. úÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ×ÓÅ <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">release</var><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kernX.flp</tt> Ó <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀, ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á É̀É, É̀É ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ỔÉ (É̀É ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ) ̃ÉÓÔÙÈ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÔÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ É
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ, Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ. üÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> DOS ÆÁỀÙ. ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS É̀É
+UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">rawrite.exe</tt> ĐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÎÁ CDROM É̀É ÎÁ FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ FreeBSD) É̀É Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> × UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">A&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rawrite</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É <tt class="FILENAME">rawrite.exe</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> × ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ. ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kernX.flp</tt> ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å UNIX, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1440</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot-small.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1200</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ UNIX
+ĐÏ-̉ÁÚÎÏÍƠ ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó CDROM. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ĐÏÄ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. úÁÔÅÍ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏ̉Å ÎÁ̃ÎÅÔÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ PPP,
+SLIP É̀É ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. îÁ̃ÎÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/mfsroot.flp</tt>, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ × <a
+href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>. đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>; ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ.
+đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FTPNFS">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.5.5</a> Ó ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É NFS.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN311" name="AEN311">1.5.3. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS</a></h4>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">A:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD A:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">A:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE A:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ CD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS (É Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt
+class="FILENAME">A:\FREEBSD</tt> -- ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÜÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ É
+×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``DOS'' × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ ËÏÇÄÁ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔ ×̉ÅÍÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <var class="OPTION">link0</var> × ÏËÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó
+ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/pc98/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+NEC PC-98x1</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ CDROM, FTP É̀É NFS ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ, ×ÓÅ, ̃ÔÏ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ 1.44MB ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a>), ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÈ É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ
+ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ (ÆÁỀ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">man</var> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ
+ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉
+ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Fixit'' × ×Å̉ÈÎÅÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ä̀Ñ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É̀É ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÁÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ, É̀É ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ CDROM × ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ fixit ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ
+``Fixit'' ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ fixit ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ É̀É CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. đÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ
+Ó ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ (× ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÁ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ</i></span> ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ NEC PC-98x1</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-sparc64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation-sparc64.html
new file mode 100644
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/sparc64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/sparc64 5.3-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ UltraSPARC ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD/sparc64. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÉÓÔÅÍ sparc64 ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ. ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ ÉÚ ÓÅÔÉ É̀É Ó CDROM, ̃ÔÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÁ ×
+PROM (OpenFirmware).</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÜÔÏÇÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ É ÖÄÉÔÅ ĐÏÑ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ. ïÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É, ÎÏ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÅÔØ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
+Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
+Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÅÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÖÁÔØ <b
+class="KEYCAP">L1</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b> É̀É <b class="KEYCAP">Stop</b>+<b
+class="KEYCAP">A</b> ÎÁ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÅ, É̀É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ <tt class="COMMAND">BREAK</tt> ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <tt class="COMMAND">~#</tt> × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> É̀É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ PROM. ïÎÏ ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">ok    </samp>     <a id="PROMPT-SINGLE"
+name="PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a>
+<samp class="PROMPT">ok {0}</samp>     <a id="PROMPT-SMP"
+name="PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="CALLOUTLIST">
+<dl compact="COMPACT">
+<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a></dt>
+
+<dd>üÔÏ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ CPU.</dd>
+
+<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a></dt>
+
+<dd>üÔÏ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ SMP, ĂÉÆ̉Á ĐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+CPU.</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ CDROM × Đ̉É×ÏÄ É ÉÚ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ PROM ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">boot cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN200" name="AEN200">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN239" name="AEN239">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <var class="LITERAL">any</var>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <var
+class="LITERAL">FTP</var>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">machine</var></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">cdrom-host</var>:/cdrom</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN271" name="AEN271">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN336" name="AEN336">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">/where/you/have/your/dists</var></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">dist1</var> .. <var class="REPLACEABLE">dist2</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN361" name="AEN361">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN367" name="AEN367">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <var class="OPTION">link0</var> × ÏËÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó
+ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN378" name="AEN378">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN388" name="AEN388">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-alldirs</var>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <var class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</var>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN405" name="AEN405">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/sparc64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">port</var>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <var class="REPLACEABLE">port</var> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN454" name="AEN454">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+UltraSPARC</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ CDROM, FTP É̀É NFS ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ, ×ÓÅ, ̃ÔÏ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ 1.44MB ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a>), ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÎÉÈ É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ
+ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ (ÆÁỀ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN678" name="AEN678">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN682" name="AEN682">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN756" name="AEN756">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN759" name="AEN759">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN762" name="AEN762">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN767" name="AEN767">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">man</var> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ
+ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉
+ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN777" name="AEN777">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Fixit'' × ×Å̉ÈÎÅÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ä̀Ñ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É̀É ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÁÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ, É̀É ``live filesystem'' CDROM;
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ CDROM × ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ fixit ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ
+``Fixit'' ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ fixit ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ É̀É CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. đÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ
+Ó ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ (× ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>) Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÁ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ</i></span> ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ UNIX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN798" name="AEN798">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ UltraSPARC</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6f1cde1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/installation.html
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print" href="../../../layout/css/fixed.css?20130112" type="text/css" />
+
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="containerwrap">
+      <div id="container">
+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
+  <a href="#contentwrap" title="Skip section navigation" accesskey="2">Skip section navigation</a> (2)
+</span>
+        <div id="headercontainer">
+          <div id="header">
+            <h2 class="blockhide">Header And Logo</h2>
+            <div id="headerlogoleft">
+              <a href="../.." title="FreeBSD">
+                <img src="../../../layout/images/logo-red.png" width="457" height="75" alt="FreeBSD" />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+            <div id="headerlogoright">
+              <div class="frontdonateroundbox">
+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatecontent">
+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatebot">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Peripheral Links</h2>
+              <div id="searchnav">
+                <ul id="searchnavlist"></ul>
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+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">îÁ×ÉÇÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(óÔÁ̉ÙÊ) đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">óÎÜĐÛÏÔ-̉Å̀ÉÚÙ</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
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+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</h1>
+
+  <p>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD ĐƠẦÉËƠÀÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
+    Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÓÉ̀ØÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ
+    ÏÔ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ.</p>
+
+  <p>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ Ä̀Ñ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ
+    Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="installation-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+    <li><a href="installation-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>óĐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÈÓÑ × ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ, ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎ
+    ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+    Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í</a>.</p>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">ëÁ̉ÔÁ ÓÁÊÔÁ</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">ơÓ̀Ï×ÉÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a> | ¿ 1995-2014
+  đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD. ÷ÓÅ Đ̉Á×Á ÚÁƯÉƯÅÎÙ.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
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+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/migration-guide.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/migration-guide.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fff5bcb92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/migration-guide.html
@@ -0,0 +1,919 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ ÎÁ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<div class="AUTHORGROUP"><a id="AEN4" name="AEN4"></a>
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</h3>
+</div>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2002, 2003, 2004 ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/early-adopter/article.sgml,v
+1.5.2.2 2004/10/08 09:26:12 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ Wind River Systems, Inc. ïÖÉÄÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ
+× ÓËÏ̉ÏÍ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ ÜÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Apple, FireWire, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Quicktime, É TrueType ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+Apple Computer, Inc., ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ
+ÍÁ̉ËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ,
+É̀É ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX, É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Microsoft, FrontPage, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media É Windows
+NT ÜÔÏ É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ É̀É ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Microsoft Corporation ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É/É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN23" name="AEN23"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÏỒÉ̃ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄƠ FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>
+É FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ó ÔÏ̃ËÉ Ú̉ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ï×, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ. ÷ ÎÅÊ ÄÁÎ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏ̉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD. ë̉ÏÍÅ
+ÔÏÇÏ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, Á
+ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÎÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, Đ̉É×ÙËÛÉÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
+Ó ÓÅ̉ÉÅÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ, ÔÁË É ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. âÏ̀ÅÅ ̉ÁÎÎÉÅ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÉ ĐƠẦÉËÏ×Á̀ÉÓØ × ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ËÁË
+``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÓÅ̉ÉÀ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× ``FreeBSD-STABLE''. üÔÏÔ É
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÙ ÓÅ̉ÉÉ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
+× ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁ̃ÁÈ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÁÑ ÓÅ̉ÉÑ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÔÅÍÙ É ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÄÏ 5.3-RELEASE. ïÎÁ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ Ó Ë̉ÁÔËÏÇÏ ÏÂÚÏ̉Á ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ
+× ÓÅ̉ÉÉ FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. ÷ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À, É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ. îÁËÏÎÅĂ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE, ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÍƠ É̀É ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="RELEASE-OVERVIEW" name="RELEASE-OVERVIEW">2. ïÂÚÏ̉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ
+×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÍÏÄÅ̀Ø ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎƠÀ ÎÁ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ×
+̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ×ÅÔ×Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ``CURRENT'', É × ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÉ CVS
+ÏÎÁ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÔÅÇ <var class="LITERAL">HEAD</var>. îÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔƠ ×ÅÔ×Ø; ÈÏÔÑ CURRENT ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ
+ÏÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÓỔÁÄÁÅÔ ÏÔ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÅÎÉÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ Đ̉É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÉ É ÏỒÁÄËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD ×ÙĐƠÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÏÄÎÏÊ É̀É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ``STABLE''. ÷
+ÜÔÉ ×ÅÔ×É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ × CURRENT.
+đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ Ä×Á ÇÏÄÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÎÁ ×ÅÔ×Ø STABLE, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË ``4-STABLE'', ÎÁÈÏÄÉ̀ÁÓØ ×
+ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ, É ×ÓÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÙ FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÂÙ̀É
+×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÎÅÅ. ÷ ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÉ CVS ÔÅÇ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É <var
+class="LITERAL">RELENG_4</var>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ Ä×Å ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÅÔ×É (3-STABLE and 4-STABLE) ÂÙ̀É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÙÈ ̉ÁÎÎÉÈ
+ÓÔÁÄÉÑÈ ĂÉË̀Á ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ (Đ̉É ×ÙĐƠÓËÅ 3.1 É 4.0 ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ). üÔÁ Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÁ ÎÅ ÄÁÅÔ
+ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ CURRENT ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ. üÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë
+ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ ÎÁ ƠÓÉ̀ÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ ×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÜÔÏÍƠ Ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÅÔ×Ø 5-STABLE × ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÉ CVS ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ. đÅ̉ÅÄ ÜÔÉÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× ÉÚ ÓÅ̉ÉÉ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>; ÍÙ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ 5-STABLE
+Đ̉ÉẦÉÚÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.3-RELEASE.</p>
+
+<p>ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> Đ̉ÏÉÚÏÛ̀Ï ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å. FreeBSD 5.0,
+5.1, É 5.2 ÂÙ̀É ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ×ÅÔ×É CURRENT. đÅ̉×ÙÊ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× ÂÙ̀ ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎ ĐÏÓ̀Å Ä×ƠÈ
+̀ÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ (ÄÏ ÎÅÇÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ ÉÚ HEAD ÂÙ̀Á FreeBSD 4.0 × ÍÁ̉ÔÅ 2000
+ÇÏÄÁ).</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÏỒÉ̃ÉÅ ÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ``STABLE'', ×ÅÔ×Ø ``5-STABLE'' (Ó ÔÅÇÏÍ ×ÅÔ×É <var
+class="LITERAL">RELENG_5</var>) ÂÙ̀Á ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ × CVS ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÇÏÄ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ, × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 5.3).
+üÔÁ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÄÁ̀Á ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÏ× ×̉ÅÍÑ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁÄ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ, É
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÊ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÍÉÍÏ ÏÂƯÉÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÊ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ ×ÅÔ×É
+5-STABLE ÜÔÏ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Application Binary Interface (ABI) É Application
+Program Interface (API). ́ÀÂÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÉÔØ ÏẨÁÔÎƠÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÑÄ̉Á É̀É ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË), ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ É ÎÅ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ×, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ ÉÚ CURRENT ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÅÔ 6.0-RELEASE, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÉÚ CVS <var
+class="LITERAL">HEAD</var>. åƯÅ ÎÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ Ä̀Ñ 6.0, ËÁË Ä̀Ñ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+5.3, ÈÏÔÑ É ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ 6.0 ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎ × 2006 ÇÏÄƠ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÁÑ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÁ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÉÔÓÑ × ×ÅÔ×É 4-STABLE, É ÉÚ ÎÅÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎ ËÁË
+ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ̉Å̀ÉÚ (4.11), ÚÁĐ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE. ä̀Ñ ÏÓÏÂÏ
+ËÏÎÓÅ̉×ÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÍÙÓ̀ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÉÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÅƯÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ. ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ïÆÉĂÅ̉Ï× âÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <code
+class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.org">security-officer@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code>
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÉÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É 4-STABLE × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó
+ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/index.html" target="_top">ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a> ×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html" target="_top">×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×</a> É × ÓÔÁÔØÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/releng/index.html"
+target="_top">``÷ÙĐƠÓË ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD''</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">3. îÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> Đ̉É×̀ÅËÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÏẨÁÔÎÏ × ×ÅÔ×Ø ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD 4-STABLE (ÎÁĐ̉ÏÔÉ×, ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
+Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÈ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÎÏ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ). ë̉ÁÔËÉÊ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÓ̃Å̉ĐÙ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMPng: ``îÏ×ÏÅ ĐÏËÏ̀ÅÎÉÅ'' ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Symmetric MultiProcessor (SMP) ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï×.
+đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ``fine-grained locking'' ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ĐÏÔÏËÏ× ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÑÄ̉Å. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï
+ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KSE: Kernel Scheduled Entities ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ ÏÄÎÏÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ ÑÄ̉Á, ĐÏÄÏÂÎÏ Scheduler Activations. âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">libthr</tt> ÄÅ̀ÁÀÔ ÜÔÉ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ̃Å̉ÅÚ API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pthread&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pthread</span>(3)</span></a>. <tt
+class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÏÊ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÏ×ÙÅ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ: đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ amd64, ia64, pc98 É sparc64 × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë
+i386 É alpha. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ powerpc (ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>(R) <span class="TRADEMARK">Macintosh</span>(R)) É
+arm, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GCC: îÁÂÏ̉ ÉÎÓỔƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉Á ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ 3.4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ GCC 2.95.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MAC: đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÑÅÍÙÈ, ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÈ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉË Mandatory Access Control
+(Đ̉ÉÎƠÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GEOM: çÉÂËÁÑ, ÍÏÄỜØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ỔÁÎÓÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË. üÔÁ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÈÓÑ Ë ÄÉÓËÁÍ É ÔÏÍÁÍ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË:
+ïĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×, ÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(4)</span></a>,
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ỞÏ×ÎÉ RAID, ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× (Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÍÉÓÑ Ë ÎÅÍƠ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁÍÉ), Á ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÏÚ̉Á̃ÎÏÅ ̉ÁÚÖÁÔÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FFS: æÁỀÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ FFS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> (Ä̀Ñ
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÂÙÓỔÏÇÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÓÂÏÅ×) É ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÙ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UFS2: âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÊ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ UFS2, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ
+ÁỔÉÂƠÔÙ É ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ù ÆÁỀÏ×. UFS2 ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>. îÁ
+×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÈ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ pc98, ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ UFS2 ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ: íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ×ĐÅ̉×ÙÅ ĐÏÑ×É̀ÉÓØ ×
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ TCP SACK (selective
+acknowledgements), ĐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ OpenBSD, É
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ ALTQ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ: đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË
+Cardbus, Bluetooth É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× IEEE 802.11a/b/g, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÁÈ
+Atheros. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ i386, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ñ×ÎÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×
+Ä̀Ñ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R) É ỞÏ×ÎÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> ÏÔ
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ
+FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="DRAWBACKS" name="DRAWBACKS">4. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ</a></h2>
+
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> É 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÚÁÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÑ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÉ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ
+ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, É̀É ÎÁ̉ƠÛÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÉ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄƠÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÓÔÁÔØ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ,
+ËÔÏ Ë ÎÉÍ ÎÅ ÇÏÔÏ×. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÂÙ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÎÅÓÅÎÙ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD, ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÈ Đ̉ÏƯÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ × ÜÔÏÊ ÆÏ̉ÍÅ, É̀É
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÉ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅ̀Å ÎÅ Ñ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÏÓÁ ÜÔÏ <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> (ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÊ ÉÚ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏ̉Ô <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>), ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÅ̀Á̀Ï
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÔÉ̃ÎÙÍ. ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ <b
+class="APPLICATION">Perl</b>, ÂÙ̀É É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÙ É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÉ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ
+ÎƠÖÎÙ).</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ <b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> (ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÊ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×
+ËÁË <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>), ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a>), É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ỔÁÄÉĂÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÉÇ̉ (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/games/freebsd-games/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">games/freebsd-games</tt></a>).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÓỔƠËÔỞÁÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÑÄ̉Á É ABI/API ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ
+ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ× Ä̀Ñ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ×
+FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ (̉ÅÄËÉÈ) Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ̃ÔÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×. ëÁË É Ó ÓÅ̉ÉÅÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ĂÅ̀ØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÄÏĐƠƯÅÎÉÅ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÂƠÄƠƯÉÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÙ
+×ÅÔ×É 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏË ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÁ ÓÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ
+ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD Đ̉É×Å̀Ï Ë ƠÔÅ̉Å ÉÈ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ. üÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ.
+îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÔÁË Ó̀ỠÉ̀ÏÓØ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt>, <a
+id="AEN161" name="AEN161" href="#FTN.AEN161"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÏÊ ÓÅÔÅÊ XNS É Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ X-10. íÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×
+ÓÔÁ̀É ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙ É ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ
+Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ FreeBSD/i386 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ×ÎÏÓÉ̀ÁÓØ ×
+ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÀ ÑÄ̉Á. åÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎƠÀ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ
+<b class="APPLICATION">UserConfig</b>. ÷ FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÏÂÁ
+ÜÔÉÈ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ ÂÙ̀É ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÙ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=device.hints&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">device.hints</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÎÅÎƠÖÎÙÍ ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ISA × ÑÄ̉Å. îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ISA
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÍÅÎÀ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ××ÏÄÑÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ × Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">MAKEDEV</tt> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ É ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. FreeBSD 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ĐÏ ÍÅ̉Å ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ. îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(8)</span></a> É̀É
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/devfs.conf</tt>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UFS2 ÓÔÁ̀ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÏÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ó
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>. ä̀Ñ
+×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ pc98 ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ,
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÜË̉ÁÎÁ ̉ÁÚÍÅÔËÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ UFS1 (É ÎÅ
+̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔ UFS2), ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ É ÉÚ 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> É ÉÚ 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ
+Ó UFS1. üÔÏÔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-O1</var> Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, É̀É
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ÜË̉ÁÎ ̉ÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+üÔÁ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÍÅÖÄƠ ÜÔÉÍÉ Ä×ƠÍÑ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÍÉ (Ë̉ÏÍÅ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ, ĐÅ̉ÅÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉Á <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b>, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÎÁ C++ ËÁË
+Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ỔÅÂƠÀÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ É ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏ ỔÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÏÚÎÉË̀Ï ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × C++ ABI.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>úÁĐƠÓË Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>,
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> (É̀É
+ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ/ĐÁËÅÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/compat4x/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/compat4x</tt></a>). ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É ĐÁËÅÔ ×
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÁ É ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. üÔÏ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁÔÉÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÍÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ
+ËÏÍÂÉÎÁĂÉÀ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ É ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË. ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø Đ̉É ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ï× ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ĐÏ̉ÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/postfix/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/postfix</tt></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/cfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/cfs</tt></a> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ
+× ÓỔƠËÔỞÅ <var class="LITERAL">statfs</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎ <tt class="FILENAME">host.conf</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ
+(ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÏÂƯÉÊ) ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÏ× ÉÍÅÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9. íÅÖÄƠ BIND 8 É 9
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, Ä̀Ñ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/bind9/misc/migration</tt>. äÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ
+̉ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï × <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/bind9/arm</tt>. îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÏÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × Ó̉ÅÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, Ơ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ƠÖÅ
+̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>, ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÅÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÉ ÓÔÁ̉ÔÏ×ÙÍ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ X Window System ÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ
+FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó 5.3-RELEASE. îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, <b class="APPLICATION"><span
+class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span>&#8482;</b> ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÀ ÍÅÖÄƠ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÍÉ, Á
+ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × Ç̀Á×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/x11.html" target="_top">X
+Window System</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ (ÔÁËÁÑ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/index.html"
+target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï</a> FreeBSD É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/index.html"
+target="_top">FAQ</a>) ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ, ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ ÎÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚ Ë ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍ
+FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD. úÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÆÁỀÁÈ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">5. úÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó FreeBSD
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var></a></h2>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÚÁÍÅÔÏË ĐÏ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÄÏ 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. ëÁË É Đ̉É ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ FreeBSD, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ É ÓĐÉÓÏË ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ Ë ÎÏ×ÏÍƠ ̉Å̀ÉÚƠ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> Đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN274" name="AEN274">5.1. âÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ Đ̉ÑÍÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÜÔÏ ``ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÉÔØ ×ÓÅ, ĐÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ,
+ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ''. üÔÏ ÉÓË̀À̃ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ É̀É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÍÉ × ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ É ÆÁỀÁÍÉ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÚÁÈ̀ÁÍ̀ÑÀƯÉÍÉ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó
+ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØÀ (ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÍÁÑ -- UFS2 ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ÏĐĂÉÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ ×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÎÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍÉ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍÉ FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. úÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÁ i386), Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ-Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ, ̃ÅÍ ×
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ. ÷ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ×Ë̀À̃Á̀
+ỞÅÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï, ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏÅ ̀ÉÛØ Ä̀Ñ ÔÏÇÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Ï ÑÄ̉Ơ
+ƠÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎƠ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Ï ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ × ÎÅÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÊ. îÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó 5.3-RELEASE, ÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï <var class="LITERAL">GENERIC</var>, ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ
+ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, Ó ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ. úÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË Đ̉ÏÓÉÔ
+×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏ ÍÅ̉Å ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÀƯÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÙ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ (×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ), ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ỔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ: <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern1.flp</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">kern2.flp</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÅ CDROM Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482; ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ``ÎÅ-ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÀƯÉÊ'' ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ, ĐÏÍÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÇÏ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <var
+class="LITERAL">GENERIC</var> ÑÄ̉Ï ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ỞÅÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ.
+ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ̀ÀÂÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÈ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÏ× <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows NT</span>(R) 4, <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> 2000, É̀É <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> XP ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ
+ÄÉÓËÏ× 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN298" name="AEN298">5.2. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> íÎÏÇÉÅ É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉ̀É, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ
+ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ (ẦÁÇÏ̉ÁÚƠÍÎÏÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÅ̉ÅÖÅÎÉÅ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ Ó̀ỠÁÑ),
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÏÂÙ̃ÎƠÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. ÷ ÏỒÉ̃ÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÂÏÔÉÔØÓÑ Ï ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÈÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÆÁỀÁÈ É
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ, É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS2.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙÅ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁÍÉ <var class="LITERAL">buildworld</var>/<var
+class="LITERAL">installworld</var> ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÔÁËÏÅ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÏÂÙ̃ÎƠÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ
+ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÓÏÂÉ̉ÁÀÔÓÑ É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔÓÑ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÏ ÎÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">buildworld</var>/<var class="LITERAL">installworld</var>, ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ ÏĐÙÔÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ×ÅÔ×É
+̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ (ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË FreeBSD-STABLE É̀É FreeBSD-CURRENT). ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÜÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÅÍ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ ÅÓ̀É ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙ É̀É ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉĂÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ĐÏÄ ÉÍÅÀƯƠÀÓÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ
+ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÅÓÔØ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É, ÎÏ ÎÅÔ ÆÉÚÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ (É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÎÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË).</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÎÉÅ <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> ÁÂÓÏ̀ÀÔÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ̣ÁÚÄÅ̀,
+ÏÚÁÇ̀Á×̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ``To upgrade in-place from 4.x-stable to current'' ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ × ÔÏ̃ÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ, ÂÅÚ ``ÓÏË̉ÁƯÅÎÉÊ'',
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É. óÏË̉ÁƯÅÎÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÜÔÉÈ ÛÁÇÏ× Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎ
+ÎÉÖÅ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>óÄÅ̀ÁÊÔÅ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÙÅ ËÏĐÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÖÎÏÓÔØ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÏĂÅÎÉÔØ. îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÙÅ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. đ̉ÅË̉ÁÓÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÏÇÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> ÎỜÅ×ÏÇÏ
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙÈ Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ × ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 30MB
+Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ̃ÅÍ FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. åÓ̀É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt> ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎ ×
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> (Á ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË), ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø ×ÙÓ×ÏÂÏÄÉÔØ ÍÅÓÔÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÄĐ̉Á×ØÔÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> ÅÓ̀É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ĐƠÎËÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ë ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ FreeBSD/i386. ÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ó̀ÁÊÓÙ × MBR ÓÔÉ̀Å, FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``Ó̀ÁÊÓÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ'',
+ÇÄÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÆÏ̉ÍƠ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0a</tt>
+(ÂÅÚ Ñ×ÎÏÇÏ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎÉ Ó̀ÁÊÓÁ). üÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÆÏ̉ÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1a</tt>. ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ Ó̀Ï×ÁÍÉ, ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ: ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÎÏÍÅ̉ Ó̀ÁÊÓÁ É ÂƠË×Á
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ``Ó̀ÁÊÓÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ'' ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó FreeBSD 2.2.6-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ĐƠÎËÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë FreeBSD/alpha ×ÏÏÂƯÅ, ËÁË É Ë
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ``dangerously dediated''.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>éÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> É̀É
+Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÙ, ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔÅ ËÏĐÉÀ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD (ÍÏÄỜØ <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/</tt>). ä̀Ñ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ 5.3-RELEASE ÉÚ CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ FreeBSD,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ <var class="LITERAL">RELENG_5_3_0_RELEASE</var>. ä̀Ñ ×ÅÔ×É 5.3 Ó
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ <var class="LITERAL">RELENG_5_3</var>. ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ
+×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD 5-STABLE, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ ×ÅÔ×É <var
+class="LITERAL">RELENG_5</var>. đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ CVS Ä̀Ñ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×,
+×ÁÖÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ä̀Ñ CVS Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-P</var>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐƠÓÔÙÅ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ
+ƠÄÁ̀Ñ̀ÉÓØ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ỔÅÂƠÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ ×
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ É Ç̉ƠĐĐ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÁÍ. ïÎÉ
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mergemaster -p</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ É Ç̉ƠĐĐƠ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÆÁỀ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÓÔÉ̀ÓÑ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ơ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ƠËÁÚÁÎÁ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÉ, ÜÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/passwd</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÏÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make buildworld</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</var> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÁ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>, ÏÎÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">?=</var>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ <var class="LITERAL">buildworld</var> ÍÏÇ
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÔØ ÅÅ Đ̉É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <var class="VARNAME">MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX</var> <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ̀ØÚÑ</i></span> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔØ ``ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË'', ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ. üÔÏ
+ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ×ÁÖÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ×̀ÉÑÀÔ ÎÁ ÓÂÏ̉ËƠ É̀É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ FreeBSD, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <var class="VARNAME">NO_TOOLCHAIN</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÏÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make buildkernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">buildkernel</var>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÑÄ̉Ï ÂƠÄÅÔ ÓÏẨÁÎÏ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉ÏÍ,
+ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÍ × Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+×̉ỠÎƠÀ É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ (É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ) ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄ̉Á × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ,
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">GENERIC</var> É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÚÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÔÉÔÅ̀ØÎÅÅ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÎÉÖÅ. đ̉É ÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄ̉Á × ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÑÄ̉Ï <var class="LITERAL">GENERIC</var> ÉÚ FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ ĐÏ Ó̉Á×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. ÷ ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ <var
+class="LITERAL">COMPAT_FREEBSD4</var> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓĐÅÛÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊÔÅ ÈÉÎÔÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ä̀Ñ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ISA Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÁ
+ÎÉÖÅĐ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ. đÏÄÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ ÉÍÑ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">i386</var>) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <var class="REPLACEABLE">MACHINE</var>.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cp sys/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">MACHINE</var>/conf/GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ĐƠÓÔÏÊ ÆÁỀ ÈÉÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÈÉÎÔÙ ISA
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ISA ÎÅ-PNP ËÁ̉ÔÁÍÉ (ÇÄÅ ÈÉÎÔÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ), Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÅ-PNPBIOS ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, É̀É Ä̀Ñ Æ̀ÏĐĐÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ PNPBIOS
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make installkernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÑÄ̉Ï ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">/kernel</tt>, Á × FreeBSD 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÑÄ̉Ï ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel/kernel</tt>. íÏÄỜÉ ÑÄ̉Á × 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/modules</tt>, Á × 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ÏÎÉ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src/sys/boot</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make STRIP="" install</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ, ÏÎ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ïÔË̀À̃ÉÔÅ ÍÏÄỜÉ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÏ× (ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË VMware) Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÁÄÅÎÉÊ, ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ × ABI ÑÄ̉Á É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÑÍÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ × ÏÄÎÏĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÁÂÓÏ̀ÀÔÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁĐƠƯÅÎÏ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï.
+ïÄÎÏĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ƠÓỔÁÎÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+×ÏÚÎÉËÎƠÔØ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÚÁĐƠƯÅÎÙ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÍÏÎÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fsck -p</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -uw /</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -at ufs</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÙÚÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ĐÏ̀ÅÊ × ÓƠĐÅ̉ẦÏËÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. åÓ̀É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ̃ÁÓÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÍ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, Á
+ÎÅ × UTC, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">adjkerntz -i</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ (ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
+̉ÁÚ).</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+WARNING: userland calling deprecated sysctl, please rebuild world
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓĐÏËÏÊÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÄÁ̀ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ËÉ ÆÁỀÏ× C++:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm -rf /usr/include/g++</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁÔÉÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ËÏ×, ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÈÓÑ ÏÔ
+ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉Á <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> 2.95 C++, Đ̉É ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÑÈ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make installworld</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÙ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a>, ×
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. åÓ̀É ËÁËÉÅ-̀ÉÂÏ ÆÁỀÙ ƠÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÉÈ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎƠÀ
+ËÏĐÉÀ.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /etc</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mv named named.bak</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir -p /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">cp -Rp named.bak/* /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É × ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">localhost</tt>, Ä̀Ñ ÉÈ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÉ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">/bin/sh make-localhost</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm -f localhost-v6.rev localhost.rev</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ×:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mergemaster -i</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ. ïÎ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÔÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ÆÁỀÏ×
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt> × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÍƠ ÑÄ̉Ơ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÎÅĐ̀ÏÈÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ (É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ) <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>.
+úÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÍÙÈ × ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁỀÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉ̀ÉÓØ; ×
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × 5.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÄÁ̀ÉÔÅ ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÅÓÑ ÆÁỀÙ <b class="APPLICATION">BIND 8</b>:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/bin/dnskeygen /usr/bin/dnsquery</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/libexec/named-xfer</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/sbin/named.restart /usr/sbin/ndc</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ, ÎÅ
+×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ. <b
+class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ, ÉÚ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) É̀É ÉÚ ĐÁËÅÔÁ. đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÓÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ
+É/É̀É ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÚÁ×ÉÓÑƯÉÅ ÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b>, ÎƠÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ ×
+ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× FreeBSD 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÈ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ. ïÎ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁËÅÔÁ/ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/compat4x/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/compat4x</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÂÙ̀Ï ƠĐÏÍÑÎƠÔÏ × Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÜÔÏ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ X Window System ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× (Á ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ) ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ
+ÜÔÏÍƠ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÀ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ỠÅÓÔØ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ. ä̀Ñ ÚÁÍÅÎÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ Ç̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó
+<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b> ÎÁ <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/x-install.html"
+target="_top">ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ X11</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUMMARY" name="SUMMARY">6. éÔÏÇÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÈ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ FreeBSD
+5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, É ÓĐÉÓÏË ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÏ×, ỔÅÂƠÀƯÉÈ ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD 4.<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>. úÄÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÎÁÂÏ̉Á ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÏÄÎÁ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, Ä̉ƠÇÁÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="FOOTNOTES">đ̉ÉÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ</h3>
+
+<table border="0" class="FOOTNOTES" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="5%"><a id="FTN.AEN161" name="FTN.AEN161"
+href="#AEN161"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a></td>
+<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="95%">
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ i386 É pc98 Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">COMPAT_AOUT</var>.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉Ï× ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/gcc28/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/gcc28</tt></a>) ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×
+ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÁ <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/readme.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/readme.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc9f372d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/readme.html
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE README</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE README</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/readme/article.sgml,v 1.5.2.1
+2004/09/20 08:16:11 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ Wind River Systems, Inc. ïÖÉÄÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ
+× ÓËÏ̉ÏÍ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ ÜÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Motif, OSF/1, É UNIX ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ, Á IT DialTone É The Open
+Group ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Open Group × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN21" name="AEN21"></a>
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÏÅ ××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE. ïÎ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ FreeBSD, ÏÂÚÏ̉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó đ̉ÏÅËÔÏÍ
+FreeBSD É ÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE (``release''), ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÔÏ̃ËÁ ×ÅÔ×É 5-STABLE.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN27" name="AEN27">1.1. ï FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ 4.4 BSD Lite Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ DEC/Compaq/HP Alpha/AXP ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï× (alpha), PC ÎÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ AMD64 É Intel
+EM64T (amd64), PC ÎÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Intel, AMD, Cyrix É̀É NexGen ``x86'' (i386), ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ù
+ÎÁ Intel Itanium Processor (ia64), PC NEC PC-9801/9821 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ (pc98) É ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UltraSPARC</span>(R) (sparc64). ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>(R) (powerpc) É <span
+class="TRADEMARK">MIPS</span>(R) (mips) ÔÁËÖÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ. FreeBSD ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó
+ÛÉ̉ÏËÉÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, × ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑÈ É ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ̀ÀÂÙÈ ĂÅ̀ÑÈ, ÏÔ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ, ÉÇ̉ ÄÏ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÏ× ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD ÅÓÔØ ×ÓÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ÑÄ̉Á É ×ÓÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á. ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ
+ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÂƠË×Á̀ØÎÏ ×ÓÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×
+ÏÄÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ, ̃ÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÅÅ ÉÄÅÁ̀ØÎÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÓÔƠÄÅÎÔÏ×, ÉÓÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÑÔ Ơ×ÉÄÅÔØ ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÜÔÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ (``ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×''), ÏÎÁ ƠĐ̉ÏƯÁÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ×ÓÅÈ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>(R) Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ``ĐÏ̉Ô'' ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× Ä̀Ñ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÏÄÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ 11,800, ÏÔ
+̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉Ï× É ÑÚÙËÏ× Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ Ç̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÄÅ̀ÁÀÔ FreeBSD ÍÏƯÎÏÊ É
+ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÏÊ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×ÙÈÏÄÑÔ ÄÁ̀ÅËÏ ÚÁ ̉ÁÍËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ̃ÔÏ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>. âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ × ×ÉÄÅ ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ``ĐÁËÅÔÏ×'', ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÂÙÓỔÏ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN41" name="AEN41">1.2. ăÅ̀Å×ÁÑ ÁƠÄÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× (``release'') FreeBSD ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ. ïÎ Đ̉ÏÛÅ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ É Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÄÉ̀É ÅÇÏ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OBTAIN" name="OBTAIN">2. đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ×. üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÁËĂÅÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÔÅÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̀ỠÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD,
+Á ÎÅ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN48" name="AEN48">2.1. CDROM É DVD</a></h3>
+
+<p>äÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù FreeBSD -RELEASE ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ËƠĐ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ CDROM É̀É DVD Ơ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ×. úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ƠÄÏÂÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ Đ̉ÏÓÔƠÀ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ``ĐÁËÅÔÙ'' ÉÚ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>óĐÉÓÏË ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ× CDROM É DVD, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN55" name="AEN55">2.2. FTP</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ FTP Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD É ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ É̀É ×ÓÅÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÍ ÓÁÊÔÏÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD, É̀É Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÅÇÏ ``ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀''.</p>
+
+<p>óĐÉÓËÉ ÓÁÊÔÏ×, ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÈ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP ÓÁÊÔÙ</a>, É̀É ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ <a href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>. đÏÉÓË ẦÉÖÁÊÛÅÇÏ (× ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ÓÅÔÉ)
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á Ä̀Ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔÓÑ. ó×ÑÖÉÔÅÓØ Ó <code
+class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code> ÚÁ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï. ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ
+ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ × ÓÔÁÔØÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/hubs/"
+target="_top">úÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÅ̉ËÁ̀Á ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ISO ÏẨÁÚÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ CDROM ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="CONTACTING" name="CONTACTING">3. ïẨÁÔÎÁÑ Ó×ÑÚØ Ó đ̉ÏÅËÔÏÍ
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN69" name="AEN69">3.1. ǜÅËỔÏÎÎÁÑ ĐÏ̃ÔÁ É ÓĐÉÓËÉ
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ × ÓĐÉÓËÉ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÁ ÁÎÇ̀ÉÊÓËÏÍ
+ÑÚÙËÅ</i></span>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>đÏ ̀ÀÂÙÍ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÁÍ É̀É Ó Đ̉ÏÓØÂÏÊ Ï ÔÅÈÎÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ĐÉÛÉÔÅ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÁÍ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÁÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËƠ 5-STABLE, <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ĐÏÄĐÉÛÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÏÂÓƠÖÄÅÎÉÀ FreeBSD-CURRENT</a>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÂÙÔØ × ËỞÓÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÈ
+̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ É ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+
+<p>ñ×̀ÑÑÓØ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÏÍ ƠÓÉ̀ÉÊ ÄÏẨÏ×Ï̀ØĂÅ×, đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ̉ÁÄ Đ̉ÉÎÑÔØ
+ĐÏÍÏƯØ -- ÖÅ̀ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓÏ×Å̉ÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÊ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ ÎÁ ÉÈ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÀ. ä̀Ñ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÁÍÉ ĐÏ ÔÅÈÎÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÁÍ, É̀É Ó Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ
+ĐÏÍÏƯÉ, ĐÏÄĐÉÛÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ FreeBSD, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÔÅÈÎÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ ÄÉÓËƠÓÓÉÑÍ</a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ × ÜÔÉÈ ÓĐÉÓËÁÈ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ</i></span> ÏÂßÅÍ ỔÁÆÉËÁ. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÍÅÄ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ É̀É
+ÄÏ̉ÏÇÏÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ĐÏ̃ÔÅ, É̀É ×Ù ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÅÓØ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD,
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ ĐÏÄĐÉÓËÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÁÎÏÎÓÏ× FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÓÅ ÓĐÉÓËÉ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ̀ÀÂÏÊ ÖÅ̀ÁÀƯÉÊ. đÏÓÅÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_top">FreeBSD Mailman Info
+Page</a>. ôÁÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏÄĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓĐÉÓËÉ
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë Á̉ÈÉ×ÁÍ, É Ô.Ä. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ƠĐÏÍÑÎƠÔÙÈ ÚÄÅÓØ ÓĐÉÓËÏ×
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ ÏÓÏÂÙÈ ĂÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ É̀É ÎÁ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ Mailman É̀É × <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/support.html#mailing-list"
+target="_top">̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ</a> ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÊÔÅ ×
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ĐÉÓØÍÁ Ó Đ̉ÏÓØÂÏÊ Ï ĐÏÄĐÉÓËÅ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄĐÉÓËÉ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Mailman.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN90" name="AEN90">3.2. ïÔĐ̉Á×ËÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ É ËÏÄ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ĂÅÎÎÙ -- ÎÅ ÓÔÅÓÎÑÊÔÅÓØ ÓÏÏÂƯÁÔØ Ï
+̀ÀÂÙÈ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉÔØ. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ó Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÍ ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÔÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ó ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë ĐÏ̃ÔÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>.
+ïÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ (``Problem Reports'', PR) ĐÏĐÁÄÁÀÔ ×
+ÂÁÚƠ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÇÄÅ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÈ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ; ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÉ FreeBSD Đ̉É̀ÁÇÁÀÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍƠÍ
+ƠÓÉ̀ÉÊ Ë ÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ÂÙÓỔÏ ̉ÅÁÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ. îÁ ×ÅÂ
+ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi"
+target="_top">ÓĐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ PR</a>; ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË ĐÏ̀ÅÚÅÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÁ ×ÓÅÈ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇ̀É ×ÓỔÅÔÉÔØÓÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+shell ÓË̉ÉĐÔ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̀ÅÇËÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎ ÄÁÖÅ × ÎÅ-FreeBSD ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.
+đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÔÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÍ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ. åÓ̀É ĐÏ ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ
+Đ̉É̃ÉÎÅ ×Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ ÏÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ FreeBSD, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÁÔØÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/problem-reports/"
+target="_top">``óÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÅ óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ × FreeBSD''</a>, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ
+FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏ×ÅÔÏ× ĐÏ ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÀ É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÅ
+ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SEEALSO" name="SEEALSO">4. éÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÉ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÏ× ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ ĐÏ FreeBSD; ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÏÎ-̀ÁÊÎ É̀É × ÂƠÍÁÖÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELEASE-DOCS" name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ ÎÁ
+̉Å̀ÉÚ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ÅÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ ``release'' ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ.
+âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ï× ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ÉÈ ËÁË × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ASCII ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>), ÔÁË É × ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ HTML (<tt class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>).
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË PostScript (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.PS</tt>) É̀É Portable Document Format (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ. äÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+FreeBSD, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>: ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE. îÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Ë Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÎÉÀ ÎÏ×ÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ FreeBSD
+5-STABLE É/É̀É ÓÅ̉ÉÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 6.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÎÏ×ÏÅ × ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ĐÏ Ó̉Á×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD
+5.2.1-RELEASE).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: óĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, × ÎÅÍ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ FreeBSD ÂÙ̀Á Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>: éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD Ó
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: óĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁỀÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÀÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ, Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÉÍƠÀ Ë ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍ (ÏỒÉ̃ÉÅ ÏÔ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×). îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ó×Å̉ÉÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÜÔÉÍ ÆÁỀÏÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× (× ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, <tt
+class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>, É <tt
+class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>) ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎƠÀ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ alpha ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ, ÎÅĐ̉ÉÍÅÎÉÍƠÀ Ë <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482;, É ÎÁÏÂÏ̉ÏÔ.
+á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÁ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÉÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ, ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÅÇÏ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ËÅ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>îÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> (×
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ alpha, <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>, ia64, pc98, É <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Sparc64</span>(R)), ÜÔÉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÜÔÏ ÍÅÎÀ, ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ë̉ÁÊÎÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÓĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̀ÀÂÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÈ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÑÈ É̀É Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. æÁỀ errata, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ó ËÁÖÄÙÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ, ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å̀
+ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏĐÉÉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ'' Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. üÔÉ ËÏĐÉÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/</a> (Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÓÁÊÔÅ,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÅÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÍÏÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ÜÔÏÇÏ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁ).</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN160" name="AEN160">4.2. óỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË É Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅ <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> ĐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, FreeBSD
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">ÇÉĐÅ̉ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ Û̀ÀÚ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ</a> ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD. óỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ÄÁÀÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍ É API, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÙ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÔÅÍÁÍ. đ̉ÉÍÅ̃ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÔÁËÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÜÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a>
+(̉ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ), <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a>
+(××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ FreeBSD) É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a>
+(̉ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÓÔÉ̀À Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÑÄ̉Á).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN178" name="AEN178">4.3. ëÎÉÇÉ É ÓÔÁÔØÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä×Å Ï̃ÅÎØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÅ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë FreeBSD ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ đ̉ÏÅËÔÏÍ
+FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï FreeBSD É FAQ ĐÏ FreeBSD (Frequently Asked Questions, ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ). ïÎ̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á</a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÓÏ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html" target="_top">ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ FreeBSD</a> É ×ÓÅÈ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. åÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï É FAQ ÍÏÖÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ËÎÉÇ É ÓÔÁÔÅÊ, ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ đ̉ÏÅËÔÏÍ FreeBSD, ÚÁỔÁÇÉ×ÁÀÔ
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÁ̀ÉÚÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë FreeBSD ÔÅÍÙ. ïÎÉ ÏÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔ ÛÉ̉ÏËÉÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ
+ÔÅÍ, ÏÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD Ó
+Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ÄÏ ̉ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÍÉÔÔÅ̉Ï×. ôÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË
+̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï É FAQ, ÜÔÉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÓÏ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ FreeBSD É̀É ÉÚ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>óĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ËÎÉÇ É ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
+target="_top">ÂÉẦÉÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ FreeBSD ×Ï ×ÓÅÍ ÎÁÓ̀ÅÄƠÅÔ
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>, ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÔÁÔØÉ É ËÎÉÇÉ, ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>, ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ É Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, É ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ
+Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÂÉẦÉÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" name="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">5.
+ầÁÇÏÄÁ̉ÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÅÎ, ÅÓ̀É ÎÅ ÔÙÓÑ̃ ̀ÀÄÅÊ ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ
+ÍÉ̉Ơ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ×ÛÉÈ ÂÅÓ̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á. úÁ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÏ× É ỠÁÓÔÎÉËÏ× đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
+target="_top">``óĐÉÓËƠ ËÏÎỔÉÂØÀÔÏ̉Ï× đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD''</a> ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD É̀É
+̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ ÅÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀.</p>
+
+<p>ïÓÏÂÙÅ ẦÁÇÏÄÁ̉ÎÏÓÔÉ ×Ù̉ÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ ÔÙÓÑ̃ÁÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD É ÔÅÓÔÅ̉ÁÍ ĐÏ
+×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ, ÂÅÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ×ÙĐƠÓË ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀ ÂÙ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/alpha 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
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+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/alpha
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.2.1-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD.
+đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ Alpha/AXP. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.2.1-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+ÏÎÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÀ Æ̀ÁÇÏ× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÉÈ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Đ̉É
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÓÎÉÍËÁ (ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ) ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ setuid ÂÉÔÁ ÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ, ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÎÅÄÏ×Å̉ÑÅÍÏÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, ÇÄÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ É ̃̀ÅÎÁÍ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÅ System V Shared Memory (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). üÔÁ
+ÏÛÉÂËÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÎÅ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ
+ỠÁÓÔËÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÉÍ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë
+̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
+Ó×ÏÊ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÎÁ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÙ jail, É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÎÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ É ÚÁĐÉÓØ Ë ÆÁỀÁÍ É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ jail. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ DoS ÁÔÁËÁ Ó ÎÉÚËÉÍ ỔÁÆÉËÏÍ ÎÁ TCP ÓÔÅË FreeBSD ÂÙ̀Á Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× ×ÎÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ
+ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ ÎỜÅ×ÏÇÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÅ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Ë̉ÁÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÈ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÁÚƠ × ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ (DoS). âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ÓÏËÅÔÁ IPv6 × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ
+×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ĐÁÎÉËƠ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ
+ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÇ̀Ï Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ËÏÄÅ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. ïÎÉ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ, Á Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Å Đ̉É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅ Ë CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑÍ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ × <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍƠ,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÎÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉ̀ÁÓØ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÁÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÍÉ
+realm. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ỠÁÓÔËÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ĂÅ̀ÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØÀ ËÜÛÁ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
+×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÅÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÀ <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐÏÂÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ÉÚ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ.
+đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÁÑ ÓÅÍÁÎÔÉËÁ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, ÍÏÇƠÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, ÅÓ̀É ÉÈ ÎÅ ÂÅÓĐÏËÏÉÔ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÍÁÎÉĐỜÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÁẦÉĂÁÍÉ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÉÚ jail. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× Linux,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÍÏÇ ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ÍÏÇƠƯÉÈ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
+̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, DoS, É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ; ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ÑÄ̉Á Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+üÔÏ ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ẦÏËÉ̉ƠÀƯÉÈ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÀÔÓÑ, ÅÓ̀É ĐÏÔÏË, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÉÔ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ
+ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ Đ̉É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ i386.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÏÚ̉Á̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ç̉ÁÎÉĂ × ÔÅÇÅ DMA Đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ
+ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï×, É <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> ÂƠÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓẨÏÓ ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï× ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍÏÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ
+ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ. óÔÁ̉ÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+ÓÏ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ raw ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ÉÚÎƠỔÉ jail. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ÉÚÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ mount, unmount É up/down ÓÔÁÔƠÓ NFS.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, KDB. ïÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ GDB,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, run-length encoding compression, É ÔÁË
+ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, É ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ, × ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ. âÙ̀É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> É <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ DDB ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+pre-linker symbol lookups, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É KLD symbol lookups ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ GDB Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Á
+ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD. ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÔÅÍ × Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Å GDB ÅÓÔØ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB ÄÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ É ×ÓÅÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË É̀É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ
+Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÑ. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĂÅ̀ÅÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ. ÷ÓÅ ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ É̀É ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. ÷ ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË ÍÏÖÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÊÔÉ, ÚÁĐÉÓÁ× × sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+ïÎÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ, ÂƠÄƠÔ É̀É ÎÅÔ IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ CPU ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÎÙ
+Đ̉É ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ×ÎƠỔÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ MAC Framework, ÚÁƯÉƯÁÑ ÏÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ É
+×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉË MAC.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ É Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̉Á×É̀. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ
+ÎÅƠÄÁ̃ÎÙÅ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ mbuma, Mbuf É Cluster Á̀̀ÏËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Å
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ UMA. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ, ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ. íÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+Ë̀ÁÓÔÅ̉Ï× ĐÏ Đ̉ÅÖÎÅÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> × ÎỜØ.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÍÏÄỜÅÊ
+ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ, ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, ÍÏÇ̀É
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̃ÉÔÁÅÍÙÍÉ Đ̉É ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ, ÂÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Giant Đ̉É ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ
+FreeBSD, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁ Ó̃ÅÔ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ É
+ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖÅË Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÑÈ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ƠÚ̀Á
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, É ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ IPX/SPX Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ Ó Giant, É̀É Ë
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÉÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÁ Giant.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. ïÎ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ debug.mpsafenet ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), É
+Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÎÅÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ, É̀É
+ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ËÏÎÓÅ̉×ÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+×ÙÔÅÓÎÑÔØ ĐÏÔÏËÉ × ÑÄ̉Å ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÁÍÉ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÏ×ÙÓÉÔØ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ É ƠÓËÏ̉ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï dev sysctl ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ devclass Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. ïÎÁ ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ, É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ × <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ É ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ ÛÉÎÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÑ × ÛÉÎÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+× <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ULE ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ÑÄ̉Å <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ỔÁÄÉĂÉÏÎÎÙÊ 4BSD. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ ×ÏÚ̉ÏÓ̀Á ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+``Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËÏ×'' É ``̉Ù×ËÏ×'' × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÓÉ̀ØÎÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÅÎ.
+üÔÏ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø Đ̉É
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ CPU. îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Ó SMP, ULE ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Ï̃Å̉ÅÄÉ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ CPU, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CPU affinity, CPU binding, É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ HyperThreading, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×Ơ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÊ × ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ. đ̉É Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ
+fine-grained kernel locking, Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÅ
+ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÙ.</p>
+
+<p>́ÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ĐÏÉÓËÁ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ
+O(log n), ÓỔÏÑƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔƠ × ×ÉÄÅ ÄÅ̉Å×Á. ïÎ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÎÉÖÁÅÔ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> ×Ï
+ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÎÑÈ É̀É ÔÙÓÑ̃ÁÈ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> ÂÙ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ×
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ̀ÉÎËÏ×ƯÉË FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> Ë ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ Ç̀ÏÂÁ̀ØÎÙÈ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. üÔÏÔ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë
+ĐÏÔÏËƠ; ÏÄÉÎ ĐÏÔÏË, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀƯÉÊ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ, ÎÅ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ̀ÀÂÏÍ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ĐÏÔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ËÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á, ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÄÅÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ̉Ù, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ
+ËÏÄÁ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ÜË̉ÁÎÏ× É ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÊ Ñ̉ËÏÓÔØÀ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+×ÉÄÅÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (ÄÉÓË RAIDframe ÉÚ NetBSD) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. ÷
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ, É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙÍ ĐÏÄ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API ×
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>úÁĐÉÓØ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÆÁỀÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÁ ÚÁĐÉÓØ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ Ä̀ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">tga</tt> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ÑÄ̉Á GENERIC, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ĐÁÎÉËƠ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÑÄ̉Á. ÷ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×Ù Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É É̀É ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">vga</tt> ËÁ̉ÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍÁÛÉÎ TurboLaser.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ <var class="VARNAME">hw.uart.console</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">hw.uart.dbgport</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uart&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uart</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É É ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÁ, ËÁË É ÁỔÉÂƠÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ËÏÎÓÏ̀É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÓÔÏ× USB Ë RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx É CY7C640/1xx, ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS Đ̉ÉÅÍÎÉËÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ É Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ÜÔÉÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ). üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÎ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ × ÎÅÍ ÅƯÅ ÎÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ĐÏÔÏËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ. ó̉ÅÄÉ
+Đ̉Ï̃ÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ: ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÅ
+(major) ÎÏÍÅ̉Á (×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×). ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ ĐÏ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ Ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. îÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × API Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÎÏ×ÏÅ ĐÏ̀Å <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔ) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á CVS DRI Project ÏÔ 26 ÍÁÑ
+2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÅ PCI ID É ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô ÂÙ̀É ̉ÅÏ̉ÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> ÜÔÏ ÏÂƯÉÊ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉, Á <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> ÜÔÏ
+Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ÍÏÄÉÆÉĂÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> Đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× mixer ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ É Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁ̀Á ÖÅÓÔËÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ É MCAP Ä̀Ñ ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÁÍ RFC 2734
+É RFC 3146 IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire É ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× sysctl, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, É ÜÔÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ sysctl ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ÎÁÄ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ× Ethernet,
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÅ Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ (checksum offload) ÎÁ
+Đ̉ÉÅÍ/ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ËÏÍĐÅÎÓÉ̉ƠÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎƠÀ ÓƠÍÍƠ Ä̀Ñ UDP ÄÅÊÔÁÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÄÅ̀Á̀Á ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> ×
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÈÓÑ Ë ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ multicast É promiscuous
+̉ÅÖÉÍÏ× × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï×, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ Davicom DM9601 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̃ÉĐ VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ TX ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ̀Á ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ É ƠÍÅÎØÛÁ̀Á ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÏ. ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (ÚÁ
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔƠÎÎÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ WCCP ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Á ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁ Ë ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÁ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ
+Ï̃ÅÎØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ï× Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ (BGP) Ä̀Ñ ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó ĐÏÄÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÙÍÉ É̀É
+ÎÅÍÁ̉ÛÔƠÔÉÚÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÍÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍÉ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÏ×. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+ÜÔÏ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÅ Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ
+×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÁ Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Ë ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. åÓ̀É ÓÅÔØ
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓƠ, Ó
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÏÎ Đ̉ÉÛÅ̀. ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ É ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÎÅ
+ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÁÀÔ, ĐÁËÅÔ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, Ä̀Ñ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÉ ÓÏ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ
+ID. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ë TCP É UDP ĐÁËÅÔÁÍ.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× (lookup tables), ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+̉ÁÚÎÙÈ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÓỔÏÅÎÏ × ÑÄ̉Ï ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× IP. đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ, Đ̉É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">1</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Á Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">2</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ IP
+ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ IPsec ÏÔ KAME Project. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÂÙ̀É
+Ó×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ó ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ ÂÙ̀É
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇ̀É ÓÔÁÔØ Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ É̀É ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀Å Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜËÚÅÍĐ̀Ñ̉Ï× ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> Đ̉É×ÑÚËƠ
+Ë ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó RFC 1483 ATM LLC ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÓÔƠÀ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËƠ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ËÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉ Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ôÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÀ × ÓÔÉ̀Å Cisco, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó RFC
+1490 × ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÈ frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> Ë
+Ï̉ÉÇÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍƠ ÍÏÄỜÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ̀ÉÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ Netgraph, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÎÏÇÏ
+Đ̉É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÔÉ̀Ñ ƠÚ̀Ï× Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> Ó
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÁ × ÑÄ̉Ï, É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÆÉ̀ØỔÁĂÉÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÏËÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ơ×ÅÄÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ
+ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï. LQM, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × RFC 1989, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ PPP ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÂÙ̀Ï ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, É̀É <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÏẨÁÔÎƠÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ;
+ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, Á ÎÅ <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, É ÎÅ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, É <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ MSS (ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ĐÏÔÏËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀƯÉÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÅ̀ËÉÈ TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× × ËÏ̉ÏÔËÉÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ (̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, Đ̉Å×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀,
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓẨÏÛÅÎÙ. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÚÁƯÉÔƠ ÏÔ ĂÅ̀ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÉÓ̃Å̉ĐÙ×ÁÀƯÉÈ
+̉ÅÓỞÓÙ ÁÔÁË.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄ). üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÍÁÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> É <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ TCP Ä̀Ñ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ TCP ÓÅÓÓÉÊ. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ TCP-MD5 Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÂÏÔËÁ reset × TCP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓ̀ÏÖÎÉÔØ reset ÁÔÁËÉ ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ,
+ÎÁÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÛÉ̉Ï̃ÁÊÛÉÍ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎÏÍ TCP
+ÓÔÅËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ RFC 1948 ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ. ëÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ × Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÏÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÖÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ISN ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÅ ``ÜÆÅÍÅ̉ÎÏÅ'' ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ (random ephemeral port
+allocation), Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÅÅ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 2018. üÔÏ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ TCP ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍÉ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÍÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×. SACK
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ Ë ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÄÅÔÅËÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ master/slave ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ
+Ó ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Promise command sequencer, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÈ
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ Promise SX4/SX4000 ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ``ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÇÏ'' Promise ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á; ATA RAID ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ó
+ỞÏ×ÎÑÍÉ RAID0, RAID1 É RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÁ CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÀ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÏÄÉÎ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ RAID3 É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ RAID0. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Ë̀ÁÓÓÅ
+ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ: ``fast'' É ``economic''. ÷ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ï̃ÅÎØ
+ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ ÓỔÁÊĐÁ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ ××ÏÄÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ ÄÉÓËƠ ×
+ÓỔÁÊĐÅ; ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÉẦÉÚÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ × 10 ̉ÁÚ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÁÊĐÏ× ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÅÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍ
+economic É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ RAID0. èÏÔÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍ fast ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏÎ
+ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ. đƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> × 0 ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ̉ÅÖÉÍ economic, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ̉ÁÚ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á
+ĐÁÍÑÔÉ, ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÍÏÇÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ GEOM Gate, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). ïÎ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÈ ÎÅ Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎÎÙÅ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÓÅÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÏË ÔÏÍÏ× ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), É ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù GUID Partition Table (GPT) É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ RAID1. ä̀Ñ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
+ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ATAPI MMC É Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉ ÔÏÍÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ỔÁÎÓÆÏ̉ÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ 5.x. âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ LSI-type Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ EXT2FS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× (&gt;
+4GB). ₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÚÁË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+É̀É ÎÁ ÔÅÈ, ÇÄÅ × ÓƠĐÅ̉ẦÏËÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÁÎÉËÁ × NFSv4 Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ; ÏÎÁ Ó̀ỠÁ̀ÁÓØ Đ̉É ĐÏĐÙÔËÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ NFSv3/NFSv2 ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ, ̃ÅÍ 128GB. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ,
+̃ÔÏ ÏÎ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 32 ÂÁÊÔÁ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ; ÅÇÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ̃ÅÔËÏ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÍÅÎÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1 ÍÉ̀̀ÉÏÎÏÍ ÆÁỀÏ× ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ. üËÓĐÏ̉Ô
+ÜÔÉÈ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏ NFS ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ SMBFS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ SMB ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ÁÔÁËÉ
+``man in the middle'' É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍ Windows 2003 × ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÎÉÖÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÅÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ; ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ KAME ÏÔ 7
+ÉÀÎÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏÔ ÉÍĐÏ̉Ô ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ ABI × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> É ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ÂÙ̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ALTQ. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.31 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ SSDT. äÁÍĐ É̀É ÄÉÚÁÓÓÅÍẦÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ DSDT ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÁẦÉĂ, ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-f</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÄÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ, ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. ä̀Ñ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ Ë <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
+ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> É <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <var class="LITERAL">set</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔ/ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔ ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÑÄ̉Á, ÎÁ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. üÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Ë tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ Ä×Á ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> É <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÊ, ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É
+ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. ̣ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅÍ
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ × ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀Å. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÉËÏ× ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Đ̉É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÉ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÄÁ̃, ÚÁĐ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, É <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÈ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÏÅ Ó̀Ï×Ï <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÔ ×
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ PID ÆÁỀÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Á ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ËÏÎ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, É̀É Đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> Ó <var class="OPTION">sync</var> Đ̉É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+××ÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-c</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ×Ù×ÏÄƠ ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> É ÎÅÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÇÏ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD É
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏ̉Ô <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-P</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ (ÎÅ × ÆÁỀÙ É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔÙ). á̉ÇƠÍÅÎÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> É̀É <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ × EEPROM É̀É NVRAM. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÁÑ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ó Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×Å̉ÓÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁỀÏ× Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ̀É Ç̀ƠÂÉÎÁ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏÊ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ĐÏÉÓËÁ <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉É ÏÔË̉ÙÔÉÉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ UID
+ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, Á ÎÅ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ỔÁÆÉËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> Ó
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÁ ĐÏ ÉÅ̉Á̉ÈÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐÅ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó GUID ÔÁẦÉĂÅÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. åÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <var class="OPTION">add</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÍÅÔËÉ MAC ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÎÁ ̀ÅÔƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÓÔÁÔƠÓ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ (Ô.Å. Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1500 ÂÁÊÔ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÈ).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍ ỞÏ×ÎÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-n</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅÔÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ̀ÀÂÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
+Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÑÄ̉Á</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-u</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï IPC
+ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁÈ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÈ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-b</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ É
+ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á, ÉÓË̀À̃ÁÑ ÔÅ̀Ï Đ̉Á×É̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ĐÏÄ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ Ï̃ÉƯÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, É <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐƠÓËÏÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ×
+jail ĐÏÄ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ÑÄ̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ÍÏÄỜÑÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ, Á ÎÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ID ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ (É ÎÏ×ÙÊ API) Ä̀Ñ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ× × ÏÄÎÏÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ.
+óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ API ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ × ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ
+É ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ Á̉ÈÉ×ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ É ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ 1:1 (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×). ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> Ó
+Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ 1:1, É ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ M:N.
+ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÉÎƠÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ M:N (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÅ <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, Á</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÅ <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÁË ÍỜØÔÉÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+Ó ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁËÉÅ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÍÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÄÉ̉ÅËÔÉ×Ơ <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ POSIX-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="LITERAL">+</var> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÈ ÓỔÏËÁÈ <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÏËÉ ÄÁÖÅ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ Đ̉É ×ÙÚÏ×Å ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÍÅƯÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ × ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÁË ÜÔÏÇÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ POSIX. üÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ×ÓÅ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ make, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (Ë̉ÏÍÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜËÓË̀ÀÚÉ×ÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÉ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ make). đÏÍÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ×Ï
+×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ make, Ë̉ÏÍÅ ËÁË ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ÏË C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ÍÁË̉ÏÓ Ä̀Ñ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Ä̀Ñ float, double É long double.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ GNU Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ̉ÏÔÁĂÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ̉ÏÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ĐÏÓÙ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÁÔØ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀, É ÎÁËÏÎÅĂ ×ÓÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ,
+ÓÖÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÂÏ̉Á ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× ÉÚ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ UTF-8 ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ
+×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÅÊ. üÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀Ø Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÈ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ỠÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÅÇÏ × Đ̉Á×É̀ÁÈ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ ̃̀ÅÎÓÔ×Ï × ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÁÈ, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ MAC multilabel Æ̀ÁÇÁ ÎÁ
+ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÂÅÚ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ĐÏĐÙÔËÁÈ ×ÈÏÄÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> ÓÔÁ̀
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ NSS ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ̉ÅÛÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ NSS ÍÏÄỜÅÊ (ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) É Ç̉ƠĐĐ Ó Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ̃̀ÅÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÁ BSD-̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÁ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÏÇÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÉÅ ÉÈ NetBSD. ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍĐÁ (core) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-N</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÑÄ̉Á (kernel) ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ỠÅÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ RADIUS ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' Ä̀Ñ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó
+ÎÉÚ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÍ ƠÚ̀ÏÍ Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> Ó POSIX/SUSv3.
+üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ×,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Ï×, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔÎÁ <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Ç̉ƠĐĐ, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÏÔÉ×ÏĐÏ̀ÏÖÎÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, É ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÅ̀ËÉÅ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, Đ̉É ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ø ÎÁ ÆÁỀ Ó
+ÚÁÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÍ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÅÍƠ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏÍ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÇỜÑ̉ÎÙÅ ×Ù̉ÁÖÅÎÉÑ, ỠÉÔÙ×ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÙÅ Ó̀Ï×Á <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> É
+ÁÓÓÏĂÉÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ. íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ Ë DNS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ; Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> É ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ƠÄÁ̀ÑÅÍÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÍĐ ÆÁỀÏ× ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÅÓ̀É ÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ××ÏÄ ÚÁË̉ÙÔ. üÔÏ
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÏĐÁÓÎÏÅ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ Ó ĐÁËÅÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÔÏ
+ÍÏÇ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ÂÅÚ ÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+đÏÄÏÂÎÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, ÏÎÉ
+×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÑÀÔ ÈÜÛ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ/ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ SMBus ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ĐÁËÅÔÁÈ
+ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÓ̀É
+ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ É ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉË ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙ. üÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÍ ÏÔ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> É̀É × DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ: ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á I/O. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ``m'' É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃ÅÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (× ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ GNU ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ)
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ×Å̉ÓÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×ÍÅÓÔÏ GNU ×Å̉ÓÉÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> ÂÙ̀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ gbde
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ. đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+ÉÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> É Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÍ Ë̀À̃ÏÍ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÙÍ ËÁË ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÁÑ ÓƠÍÍÁ
+MD5 ÏÔ 512 ÂÁÊÔ, Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÍĐÏ× ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. ëÏÇÄÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÑÄ̉Ï. åÓ̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, ÏÎ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ, ÉÎÁ̃Å ÂƠÄÅÔ
+ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ × RFC
+3484, ÅÓ̀É <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. éÎÁ̃Å × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÉ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÏ× Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. đ̉É ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ
+ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÁƠÄÉÏ ÍÉËÛÅ̉Ï×, Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ Đ̉É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+Á ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ chroot Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. óÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, Á ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ, ÅÓ̀É ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ 20030619 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.0.9 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> ÏÔ Bell Labs ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÏÔ 29 ÉÀÎÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ
+ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 7 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.3.1-REL ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 23 ÍÁÑ 2004 ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.15 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.41 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÁÑ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓÅ̀ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ É ÄÅÓÑÔÉ̃ÎÙÍ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÍÉ) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20030324 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.3.3-prerelease ÏÔ 6 ÎÏÑẨÑ,
+2003 ÄÏ 3.4.2-prerelease ÏÔ 28 ÉÀ̀Ñ, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4d ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 371 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ĐÁỖÁÍÉ Ó 001
+ÄÏ 005.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ×
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó textutils 2.1 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ coreutils
+5.2.1 ÏÔ 12 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.6 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ c ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.0.1 RC10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 3 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏ
+ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 9 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.1.1a ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Dogwood ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.6.1p1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ. SSH Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1 ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÁ̉Ï̀À ̃Å̉ÅÚ SSH ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÅÓ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7c ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ Đ̉Å̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, ĐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ OpenBSD ÉÚ OpenBSD 3.5-stable, ÂÙ̀
+ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) É ỔÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÜÔÉ
+ỠÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ. ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÅÊ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. ä̀Ñ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> × <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ÉÚ OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ftp Đ̉ÏËÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ̃Å̉ÅÚ <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> × ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ Ä̀Ñ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× Đ̉Á×É̀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.22 ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.27 Ó
+rhyolite.com. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ RIP MD5
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÀ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÍÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD; ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ
+Sun, Cisco É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.12.10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.11 ÄÏ 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÏÎ ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> ÄÏ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.1.4 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ/ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á, ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎƠÀ
+× FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ
+ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å. đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×
+ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ. đ̉É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Å ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÔÏ̃ÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÏÂÏ̉ÏÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁỔÉÂƠÔ <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> Ä̀Ñ
+distfiles, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ï× ÆÁỀÏ× ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á. üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÇÄÅ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, É Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÎÅ×Å̉ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ù.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÆÁỀÁ:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÅÅ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÎÙÅ Ó̀ỠÁÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÓỔÅÔÉÔØÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ĐÏ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉÉ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó 4.x É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÓỔƠÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉Ï× ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ É
+×ÙÂÏ̉Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÏÔÏẨÁÚÉÔ (×ÓÅ) docbook DTD Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 3.0. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÛÁẦÏÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ ÓÂÏÊÎÙÈ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-S</var> Ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÆÉËÓÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-j</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÁ
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ × FreeBSD ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ̃ÁÓÔØ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÓÏẨÁÔØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ ÂÅÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ
+ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD
+Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÂƠÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.1.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.
+üÔÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔ ÂÁÚƠ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯƠÀ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ƠÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, É ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ÎÉÈ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å X Window System ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
+̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ,
+ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ,
+̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-amd64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-amd64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c232965128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-amd64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2302 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/amd64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.2.1-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD.
+đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ AMD64. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.2.1-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+ÏÎÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÀ Æ̀ÁÇÏ× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÉÈ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Đ̉É
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÓÎÉÍËÁ (ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ) ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ setuid ÂÉÔÁ ÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ, ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÎÅÄÏ×Å̉ÑÅÍÏÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, ÇÄÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ É ̃̀ÅÎÁÍ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÅ System V Shared Memory (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). üÔÁ
+ÏÛÉÂËÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÎÅ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ
+ỠÁÓÔËÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÉÍ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë
+̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
+Ó×ÏÊ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÎÁ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÙ jail, É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÎÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ É ÚÁĐÉÓØ Ë ÆÁỀÁÍ É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ jail. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ DoS ÁÔÁËÁ Ó ÎÉÚËÉÍ ỔÁÆÉËÏÍ ÎÁ TCP ÓÔÅË FreeBSD ÂÙ̀Á Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× ×ÎÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ
+ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ ÎỜÅ×ÏÇÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÅ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Ë̉ÁÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÈ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÁÚƠ × ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ (DoS). âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ÓÏËÅÔÁ IPv6 × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ
+×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ĐÁÎÉËƠ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ
+ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÇ̀Ï Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ËÏÄÅ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. ïÎÉ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ, Á Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Å Đ̉É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅ Ë CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑÍ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ × <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍƠ,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÎÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉ̀ÁÓØ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÁÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÍÉ
+realm. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ỠÁÓÔËÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ĂÅ̀ÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØÀ ËÜÛÁ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
+×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÅÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÀ <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐÏÂÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ÉÚ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ.
+đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÁÑ ÓÅÍÁÎÔÉËÁ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, ÍÏÇƠÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, ÅÓ̀É ÉÈ ÎÅ ÂÅÓĐÏËÏÉÔ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÍÁÎÉĐỜÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÁẦÉĂÁÍÉ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÉÚ jail. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× Linux,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÍÏÇ ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ÍÏÇƠƯÉÈ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
+̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, DoS, É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ; ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ÑÄ̉Á Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+üÔÏ ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ẦÏËÉ̉ƠÀƯÉÈ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÀÔÓÑ, ÅÓ̀É ĐÏÔÏË, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÉÔ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ
+ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ Đ̉É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ i386.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÏÚ̉Á̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ç̉ÁÎÉĂ × ÔÅÇÅ DMA Đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ
+ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï×, É <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> ÂƠÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓẨÏÓ ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï× ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍÏÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ
+ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ. óÔÁ̉ÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+ÓÏ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ raw ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ÉÚÎƠỔÉ jail. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ÉÚÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ mount, unmount É up/down ÓÔÁÔƠÓ NFS.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, KDB. ïÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ GDB,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, run-length encoding compression, É ÔÁË
+ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, É ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ, × ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ. âÙ̀É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> É <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ DDB ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+pre-linker symbol lookups, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É KLD symbol lookups ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ GDB Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Á
+ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD. ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÔÅÍ × Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Å GDB ÅÓÔØ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB ÄÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ É ×ÓÅÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË É̀É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ
+Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÑ. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĂÅ̀ÅÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ. ÷ÓÅ ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ É̀É ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. ÷ ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË ÍÏÖÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÊÔÉ, ÚÁĐÉÓÁ× × sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+ïÎÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ, ÂƠÄƠÔ É̀É ÎÅÔ IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ CPU ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÎÙ
+Đ̉É ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÅ ÍÏÄỜÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ É ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ amd64.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ 32-ÂÉÔÎÙÈ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× Linux ÎÁ
+amd64. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">COMPAT_LINUX32</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ×ÎƠỔÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ MAC Framework, ÚÁƯÉƯÁÑ ÏÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ É
+×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉË MAC.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ É Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̉Á×É̀. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ
+ÎÅƠÄÁ̃ÎÙÅ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ mbuma, Mbuf É Cluster Á̀̀ÏËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Å
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ UMA. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ, ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ. íÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+Ë̀ÁÓÔÅ̉Ï× ĐÏ Đ̉ÅÖÎÅÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> × ÎỜØ.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÍÏÄỜÅÊ
+ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ, ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, ÍÏÇ̀É
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̃ÉÔÁÅÍÙÍÉ Đ̉É ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ, ÂÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Giant Đ̉É ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ
+FreeBSD, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁ Ó̃ÅÔ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ É
+ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖÅË Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÑÈ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ƠÚ̀Á
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, É ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ IPX/SPX Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ Ó Giant, É̀É Ë
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÉÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÁ Giant.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. ïÎ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ debug.mpsafenet ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), É
+Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÎÅÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ, É̀É
+ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ËÏÎÓÅ̉×ÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafevm</var> ÂÙ̀Á ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+×ÙÔÅÓÎÑÔØ ĐÏÔÏËÉ × ÑÄ̉Å ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÁÍÉ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÏ×ÙÓÉÔØ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ É ƠÓËÏ̉ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï dev sysctl ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ devclass Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. ïÎÁ ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ, É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ × <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ É ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ ÛÉÎÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÑ × ÛÉÎÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+× <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ULE ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ÑÄ̉Å <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ỔÁÄÉĂÉÏÎÎÙÊ 4BSD. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ ×ÏÚ̉ÏÓ̀Á ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+``Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËÏ×'' É ``̉Ù×ËÏ×'' × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÓÉ̀ØÎÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÅÎ.
+üÔÏ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø Đ̉É
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ CPU. îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Ó SMP, ULE ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Ï̃Å̉ÅÄÉ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ CPU, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CPU affinity, CPU binding, É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ HyperThreading, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×Ơ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÊ × ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ. đ̉É Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ
+fine-grained kernel locking, Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÅ
+ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÙ.</p>
+
+<p>́ÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ĐÏÉÓËÁ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ
+O(log n), ÓỔÏÑƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔƠ × ×ÉÄÅ ÄÅ̉Å×Á. ïÎ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÎÉÖÁÅÔ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> ×Ï
+ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÎÑÈ É̀É ÔÙÓÑ̃ÁÈ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> ÂÙ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ×
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ̀ÉÎËÏ×ƯÉË FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> Ë ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ Ç̀ÏÂÁ̀ØÎÙÈ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. üÔÏÔ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë
+ĐÏÔÏËƠ; ÏÄÉÎ ĐÏÔÏË, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀƯÉÊ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ, ÎÅ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ̀ÀÂÏÍ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ĐÏÔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ËÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á, ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÄÅÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ̉Ù, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ
+ËÏÄÁ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ÜË̉ÁÎÏ× É ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÊ Ñ̉ËÏÓÔØÀ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+×ÉÄÅÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=agp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">agp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ AMD64 graphics aperture relocation table (GART).</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (ÄÉÓË RAIDframe ÉÚ NetBSD) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. ÷
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ, É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙÍ ĐÏÄ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API ×
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>úÁĐÉÓØ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÆÁỀÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÁ ÚÁĐÉÓØ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ Ä̀ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ <var class="VARNAME">hw.uart.console</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">hw.uart.dbgport</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uart&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uart</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É É ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÁ, ËÁË É ÁỔÉÂƠÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ËÏÎÓÏ̀É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÓÔÏ× USB Ë RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx É CY7C640/1xx, ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS Đ̉ÉÅÍÎÉËÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ É Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ÜÔÉÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ). üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÎ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ × ÎÅÍ ÅƯÅ ÎÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ĐÏÔÏËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ. ó̉ÅÄÉ
+Đ̉Ï̃ÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ: ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÅ
+(major) ÎÏÍÅ̉Á (×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×). ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ ĐÏ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ Ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. îÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × API Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÎÏ×ÏÅ ĐÏ̀Å <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔ) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á CVS DRI Project ÏÔ 26 ÍÁÑ
+2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÅ PCI ID É ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô ÂÙ̀É ̉ÅÏ̉ÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> ÜÔÏ ÏÂƯÉÊ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉, Á <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> ÜÔÏ
+Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ÍÏÄÉÆÉĂÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> Đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× mixer ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ É Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁ̀Á ÖÅÓÔËÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ É MCAP Ä̀Ñ ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÁÍ RFC 2734
+É RFC 3146 IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire É ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× sysctl, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, É ÜÔÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ sysctl ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ÎÁÄ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ× Ethernet,
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÅ Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ (checksum offload) ÎÁ
+Đ̉ÉÅÍ/ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ËÏÍĐÅÎÓÉ̉ƠÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎƠÀ ÓƠÍÍƠ Ä̀Ñ UDP ÄÅÊÔÁÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÄÅ̀Á̀Á ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> ×
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÈÓÑ Ë ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ multicast É promiscuous
+̉ÅÖÉÍÏ× × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï×, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ Davicom DM9601 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̃ÉĐ VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ TX ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ̀Á ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ É ƠÍÅÎØÛÁ̀Á ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÏ. ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (ÚÁ
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔƠÎÎÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ WCCP ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Á ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁ Ë ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÁ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ
+Ï̃ÅÎØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ï× Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ (BGP) Ä̀Ñ ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó ĐÏÄÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÙÍÉ É̀É
+ÎÅÍÁ̉ÛÔƠÔÉÚÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÍÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍÉ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÏ×. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+ÜÔÏ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÅ Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ
+×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÁ Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Ë ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. åÓ̀É ÓÅÔØ
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓƠ, Ó
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÏÎ Đ̉ÉÛÅ̀. ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ É ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÎÅ
+ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÁÀÔ, ĐÁËÅÔ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, Ä̀Ñ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÉ ÓÏ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ
+ID. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ë TCP É UDP ĐÁËÅÔÁÍ.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× (lookup tables), ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+̉ÁÚÎÙÈ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÓỔÏÅÎÏ × ÑÄ̉Ï ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× IP. đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ, Đ̉É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">1</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Á Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">2</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ IP
+ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ IPsec ÏÔ KAME Project. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÂÙ̀É
+Ó×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ó ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ ÂÙ̀É
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇ̀É ÓÔÁÔØ Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ É̀É ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀Å Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜËÚÅÍĐ̀Ñ̉Ï× ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> Đ̉É×ÑÚËƠ
+Ë ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó RFC 1483 ATM LLC ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÓÔƠÀ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËƠ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ËÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉ Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ôÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÀ × ÓÔÉ̀Å Cisco, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó RFC
+1490 × ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÈ frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> Ë
+Ï̉ÉÇÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍƠ ÍÏÄỜÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ̀ÉÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ Netgraph, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÎÏÇÏ
+Đ̉É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÔÉ̀Ñ ƠÚ̀Ï× Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> Ó
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÁ × ÑÄ̉Ï, É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÆÉ̀ØỔÁĂÉÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÏËÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ơ×ÅÄÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ
+ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï. LQM, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × RFC 1989, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ PPP ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÂÙ̀Ï ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, É̀É <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÏẨÁÔÎƠÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ;
+ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, Á ÎÅ <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, É ÎÅ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, É <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ MSS (ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ĐÏÔÏËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀƯÉÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÅ̀ËÉÈ TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× × ËÏ̉ÏÔËÉÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ (̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, Đ̉Å×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀,
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓẨÏÛÅÎÙ. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÚÁƯÉÔƠ ÏÔ ĂÅ̀ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÉÓ̃Å̉ĐÙ×ÁÀƯÉÈ
+̉ÅÓỞÓÙ ÁÔÁË.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄ). üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÍÁÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> É <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ TCP Ä̀Ñ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ TCP ÓÅÓÓÉÊ. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ TCP-MD5 Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÂÏÔËÁ reset × TCP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓ̀ÏÖÎÉÔØ reset ÁÔÁËÉ ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ,
+ÎÁÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÛÉ̉Ï̃ÁÊÛÉÍ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎÏÍ TCP
+ÓÔÅËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ RFC 1948 ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ. ëÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ × Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÏÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÖÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ISN ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÅ ``ÜÆÅÍÅ̉ÎÏÅ'' ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ (random ephemeral port
+allocation), Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÅÅ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 2018. üÔÏ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ TCP ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍÉ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÍÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×. SACK
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ Ë ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÄÅÔÅËÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ master/slave ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ
+Ó ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Promise command sequencer, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÈ
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ Promise SX4/SX4000 ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ``ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÇÏ'' Promise ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á; ATA RAID ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ó
+ỞÏ×ÎÑÍÉ RAID0, RAID1 É RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÁ CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÀ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÏÄÉÎ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ RAID3 É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ RAID0. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Ë̀ÁÓÓÅ
+ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ: ``fast'' É ``economic''. ÷ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ï̃ÅÎØ
+ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ ÓỔÁÊĐÁ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ ××ÏÄÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ ÄÉÓËƠ ×
+ÓỔÁÊĐÅ; ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÉẦÉÚÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ × 10 ̉ÁÚ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÁÊĐÏ× ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÅÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍ
+economic É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ RAID0. èÏÔÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍ fast ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏÎ
+ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ. đƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> × 0 ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ̉ÅÖÉÍ economic, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ̉ÁÚ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á
+ĐÁÍÑÔÉ, ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÍÏÇÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ GEOM Gate, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). ïÎ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÈ ÎÅ Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎÎÙÅ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÓÅÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÏË ÔÏÍÏ× ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), É ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù GUID Partition Table (GPT) É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ RAID1. ä̀Ñ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
+ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ATAPI MMC É Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉ ÔÏÍÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ỔÁÎÓÆÏ̉ÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ 5.x. âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ LSI-type Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ EXT2FS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× (&gt;
+4GB). ₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÚÁË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+É̀É ÎÁ ÔÅÈ, ÇÄÅ × ÓƠĐÅ̉ẦÏËÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÁÎÉËÁ × NFSv4 Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ; ÏÎÁ Ó̀ỠÁ̀ÁÓØ Đ̉É ĐÏĐÙÔËÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ NFSv3/NFSv2 ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ, ̃ÅÍ 128GB. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ,
+̃ÔÏ ÏÎ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 32 ÂÁÊÔÁ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ; ÅÇÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ̃ÅÔËÏ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÍÅÎÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1 ÍÉ̀̀ÉÏÎÏÍ ÆÁỀÏ× ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ. üËÓĐÏ̉Ô
+ÜÔÉÈ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏ NFS ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ SMBFS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ SMB ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ÁÔÁËÉ
+``man in the middle'' É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍ Windows 2003 × ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÎÉÖÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÅÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ; ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ KAME ÏÔ 7
+ÉÀÎÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏÔ ÉÍĐÏ̉Ô ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ ABI × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> É ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ÂÙ̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ALTQ. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.31 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ SSDT. äÁÍĐ É̀É ÄÉÚÁÓÓÅÍẦÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ DSDT ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÁẦÉĂ, ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-f</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÄÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ, ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. ä̀Ñ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ Ë <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
+ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> É <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <var class="LITERAL">set</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔ/ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔ ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÑÄ̉Á, ÎÁ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. üÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Ë tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ Ä×Á ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> É <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÊ, ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É
+ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. ̣ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅÍ
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ × ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀Å. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÉËÏ× ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Đ̉É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÉ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÄÁ̃, ÚÁĐ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, É <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÈ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÏÅ Ó̀Ï×Ï <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÔ ×
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ PID ÆÁỀÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Á ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ËÏÎ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, É̀É Đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> Ó <var class="OPTION">sync</var> Đ̉É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+××ÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-c</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ×Ù×ÏÄƠ ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> É ÎÅÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÇÏ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD É
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏ̉Ô <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-P</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ (ÎÅ × ÆÁỀÙ É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔÙ). á̉ÇƠÍÅÎÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> É̀É <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ × EEPROM É̀É NVRAM. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÁÑ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ó Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×Å̉ÓÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁỀÏ× Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ̀É Ç̀ƠÂÉÎÁ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏÊ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ĐÏÉÓËÁ <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉É ÏÔË̉ÙÔÉÉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ UID
+ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, Á ÎÅ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ỔÁÆÉËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> Ó
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÁ ĐÏ ÉÅ̉Á̉ÈÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐÅ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó GUID ÔÁẦÉĂÅÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. åÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <var class="OPTION">add</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÍÅÔËÉ MAC ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÎÁ ̀ÅÔƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÓÔÁÔƠÓ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ (Ô.Å. Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1500 ÂÁÊÔ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÈ).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍ ỞÏ×ÎÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-n</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅÔÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ̀ÀÂÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
+Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÑÄ̉Á</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-u</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï IPC
+ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁÈ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÈ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-b</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ É
+ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á, ÉÓË̀À̃ÁÑ ÔÅ̀Ï Đ̉Á×É̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ĐÏÄ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ Ï̃ÉƯÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, É <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐƠÓËÏÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ×
+jail ĐÏÄ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ÑÄ̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ÍÏÄỜÑÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ, Á ÎÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ID ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ (É ÎÏ×ÙÊ API) Ä̀Ñ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ× × ÏÄÎÏÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ.
+óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ API ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ × ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ
+É ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ Á̉ÈÉ×ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ É ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ĐÅ̉×ÏÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË <b class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>, ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÜÔÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í i386, amd64 É ia64. đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> <var
+class="OPTION">-pthread</var> ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÚ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×,
+ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÓÙ̀ÏË <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> É/É̀É <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b> ÎÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ NVIDIA Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+× ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÅÓÔØ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ƠÀ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËƠ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ 1:1 (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×). ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> Ó
+Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ 1:1, É ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ M:N.
+ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÉÎƠÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ M:N (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÅ <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, Á</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÅ <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÁË ÍỜØÔÉÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+Ó ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁËÉÅ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÍÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÄÉ̉ÅËÔÉ×Ơ <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ POSIX-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="LITERAL">+</var> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÈ ÓỔÏËÁÈ <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÏËÉ ÄÁÖÅ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ Đ̉É ×ÙÚÏ×Å ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÍÅƯÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ × ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÁË ÜÔÏÇÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ POSIX. üÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ×ÓÅ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ make, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (Ë̉ÏÍÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜËÓË̀ÀÚÉ×ÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÉ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ make). đÏÍÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ×Ï
+×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ make, Ë̉ÏÍÅ ËÁË ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ÏË C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ÍÁË̉ÏÓ Ä̀Ñ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Ä̀Ñ float, double É long double.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ GNU Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ̉ÏÔÁĂÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ̉ÏÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ĐÏÓÙ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÁÔØ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀, É ÎÁËÏÎÅĂ ×ÓÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ,
+ÓÖÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÂÏ̉Á ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× ÉÚ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ UTF-8 ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ
+×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÅÊ. üÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀Ø Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÈ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ỠÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÅÇÏ × Đ̉Á×É̀ÁÈ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ ̃̀ÅÎÓÔ×Ï × ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÁÈ, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ MAC multilabel Æ̀ÁÇÁ ÎÁ
+ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÂÅÚ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ĐÏĐÙÔËÁÈ ×ÈÏÄÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> ÓÔÁ̀
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ NSS ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ̉ÅÛÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ NSS ÍÏÄỜÅÊ (ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) É Ç̉ƠĐĐ Ó Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ̃̀ÅÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÁ BSD-̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÁ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÏÇÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÉÅ ÉÈ NetBSD. ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍĐÁ (core) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-N</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÑÄ̉Á (kernel) ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ỠÅÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ RADIUS ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' Ä̀Ñ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó
+ÎÉÚ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÍ ƠÚ̀ÏÍ Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> Ó POSIX/SUSv3.
+üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ×,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Ï×, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔÎÁ <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Ç̉ƠĐĐ, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÏÔÉ×ÏĐÏ̀ÏÖÎÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, É ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÅ̀ËÉÅ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, Đ̉É ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ø ÎÁ ÆÁỀ Ó
+ÚÁÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÍ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÅÍƠ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏÍ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÇỜÑ̉ÎÙÅ ×Ù̉ÁÖÅÎÉÑ, ỠÉÔÙ×ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÙÅ Ó̀Ï×Á <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> É
+ÁÓÓÏĂÉÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ. íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ Ë DNS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ; Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> É ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ƠÄÁ̀ÑÅÍÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÍĐ ÆÁỀÏ× ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÅÓ̀É ÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ××ÏÄ ÚÁË̉ÙÔ. üÔÏ
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÏĐÁÓÎÏÅ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ Ó ĐÁËÅÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÔÏ
+ÍÏÇ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ÂÅÚ ÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+đÏÄÏÂÎÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, ÏÎÉ
+×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÑÀÔ ÈÜÛ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ/ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ SMBus ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ĐÁËÅÔÁÈ
+ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÓ̀É
+ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ É ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉË ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙ. üÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÍ ÏÔ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> É̀É × DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ: ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á I/O. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ``m'' É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃ÅÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=truss&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">truss</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÎÎÀÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ FreeBSD/amd64.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (× ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ GNU ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ)
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ×Å̉ÓÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×ÍÅÓÔÏ GNU ×Å̉ÓÉÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> ÂÙ̀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ gbde
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ. đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+ÉÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> É Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÍ Ë̀À̃ÏÍ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÙÍ ËÁË ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÁÑ ÓƠÍÍÁ
+MD5 ÏÔ 512 ÂÁÊÔ, Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÍĐÏ× ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. ëÏÇÄÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÑÄ̉Ï. åÓ̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, ÏÎ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ, ÉÎÁ̃Å ÂƠÄÅÔ
+ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ × RFC
+3484, ÅÓ̀É <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. éÎÁ̃Å × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÉ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÏ× Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. đ̉É ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ
+ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÁƠÄÉÏ ÍÉËÛÅ̉Ï×, Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ Đ̉É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+Á ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ chroot Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. óÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, Á ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ, ÅÓ̀É ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ 20030619 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.0.9 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> ÏÔ Bell Labs ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÏÔ 29 ÉÀÎÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ
+ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 7 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.3.1-REL ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 23 ÍÁÑ 2004 ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.15 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.41 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÁÑ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓÅ̀ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ É ÄÅÓÑÔÉ̃ÎÙÍ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÍÉ) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20030324 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.3.3-prerelease ÏÔ 6 ÎÏÑẨÑ,
+2003 ÄÏ 3.4.2-prerelease ÏÔ 28 ÉÀ̀Ñ, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4d ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 371 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ĐÁỖÁÍÉ Ó 001
+ÄÏ 005.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ×
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó textutils 2.1 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ coreutils
+5.2.1 ÏÔ 12 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.6 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ c ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.0.1 RC10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 3 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏ
+ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 9 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.1.1a ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Dogwood ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.6.1p1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ. SSH Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1 ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÁ̉Ï̀À ̃Å̉ÅÚ SSH ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÅÓ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7c ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ Đ̉Å̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, ĐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ OpenBSD ÉÚ OpenBSD 3.5-stable, ÂÙ̀
+ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) É ỔÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÜÔÉ
+ỠÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ. ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÅÊ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. ä̀Ñ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> × <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ÉÚ OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ftp Đ̉ÏËÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ̃Å̉ÅÚ <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> × ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ Ä̀Ñ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× Đ̉Á×É̀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.22 ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.27 Ó
+rhyolite.com. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ RIP MD5
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÀ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÍÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD; ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ
+Sun, Cisco É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.12.10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.11 ÄÏ 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÏÎ ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> ÄÏ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.1.4 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ/ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á, ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎƠÀ
+× FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ
+ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å. đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×
+ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ. đ̉É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Å ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÔÏ̃ÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÏÂÏ̉ÏÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁỔÉÂƠÔ <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> Ä̀Ñ
+distfiles, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ï× ÆÁỀÏ× ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á. üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÇÄÅ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, É Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÎÅ×Å̉ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ù.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÆÁỀÁ:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÅÅ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÎÙÅ Ó̀ỠÁÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÓỔÅÔÉÔØÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ĐÏ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉÉ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó 4.x É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÓỔƠÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉Ï× ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ É
+×ÙÂÏ̉Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÏÔÏẨÁÚÉÔ (×ÓÅ) docbook DTD Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 3.0. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÛÁẦÏÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ ÓÂÏÊÎÙÈ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-S</var> Ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÆÉËÓÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-j</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÁ
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ × FreeBSD ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ̃ÁÓÔØ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÓÏẨÁÔØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ ÂÅÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ
+ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD
+Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÂƠÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.1.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.
+üÔÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔ ÂÁÚƠ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯƠÀ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ƠÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, É ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ÎÉÈ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å X Window System ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
+̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ,
+ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ,
+̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-i386.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-i386.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..774e21d6c6
--- /dev/null
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/i386
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.2.1-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD.
+đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ i386. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="../../../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="../../../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.2.1-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+ÏÎÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÀ Æ̀ÁÇÏ× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÉÈ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Đ̉É
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÓÎÉÍËÁ (ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ) ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ setuid ÂÉÔÁ ÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ, ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÎÅÄÏ×Å̉ÑÅÍÏÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, ÇÄÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ É ̃̀ÅÎÁÍ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÅ System V Shared Memory (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). üÔÁ
+ÏÛÉÂËÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÎÅ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ
+ỠÁÓÔËÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÉÍ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë
+̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
+Ó×ÏÊ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÎÁ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÙ jail, É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÎÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ É ÚÁĐÉÓØ Ë ÆÁỀÁÍ É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ jail. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ DoS ÁÔÁËÁ Ó ÎÉÚËÉÍ ỔÁÆÉËÏÍ ÎÁ TCP ÓÔÅË FreeBSD ÂÙ̀Á Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× ×ÎÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ
+ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ ÎỜÅ×ÏÇÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÅ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Ë̉ÁÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÈ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÁÚƠ × ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ (DoS). âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ÓÏËÅÔÁ IPv6 × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ
+×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ĐÁÎÉËƠ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ
+ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÇ̀Ï Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ËÏÄÅ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. ïÎÉ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ, Á Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Å Đ̉É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅ Ë CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑÍ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ × <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍƠ,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÎÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉ̀ÁÓØ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÁÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÍÉ
+realm. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ỠÁÓÔËÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ĂÅ̀ÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØÀ ËÜÛÁ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
+×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÅÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÀ <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐÏÂÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ÉÚ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ.
+đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÁÑ ÓÅÍÁÎÔÉËÁ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, ÍÏÇƠÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, ÅÓ̀É ÉÈ ÎÅ ÂÅÓĐÏËÏÉÔ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÍÁÎÉĐỜÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÁẦÉĂÁÍÉ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÉÚ jail. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× Linux,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÍÏÇ ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ÍÏÇƠƯÉÈ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
+̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, DoS, É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ; ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ÑÄ̉Á Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+üÔÏ ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ẦÏËÉ̉ƠÀƯÉÈ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÀÔÓÑ, ÅÓ̀É ĐÏÔÏË, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÉÔ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ
+ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ Đ̉É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ i386.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÏÚ̉Á̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ç̉ÁÎÉĂ × ÔÅÇÅ DMA Đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ
+ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï×, É <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> ÂƠÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓẨÏÓ ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï× ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍÏÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ
+ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ. óÔÁ̉ÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+ÓÏ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ raw ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ÉÚÎƠỔÉ jail. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ÉÚÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ mount, unmount É up/down ÓÔÁÔƠÓ NFS.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, KDB. ïÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ GDB,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, run-length encoding compression, É ÔÁË
+ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, É ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ, × ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ. âÙ̀É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> É <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ DDB ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+pre-linker symbol lookups, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É KLD symbol lookups ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ GDB Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Á
+ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD. ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÔÅÍ × Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Å GDB ÅÓÔØ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB ÄÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ É ×ÓÅÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË É̀É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ
+Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÑ. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĂÅ̀ÅÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ. ÷ÓÅ ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ É̀É ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. ÷ ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË ÍÏÖÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÊÔÉ, ÚÁĐÉÓÁ× × sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+ïÎÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ, ÂƠÄƠÔ É̀É ÎÅÔ IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ CPU ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÎÙ
+Đ̉É ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ×ÎƠỔÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ MAC Framework, ÚÁƯÉƯÁÑ ÏÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ É
+×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉË MAC.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ É Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̉Á×É̀. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ
+ÎÅƠÄÁ̃ÎÙÅ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ mbuma, Mbuf É Cluster Á̀̀ÏËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Å
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ UMA. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ, ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ. íÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+Ë̀ÁÓÔÅ̉Ï× ĐÏ Đ̉ÅÖÎÅÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> × ÎỜØ.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÍÏÄỜÅÊ
+ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ, ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, ÍÏÇ̀É
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̃ÉÔÁÅÍÙÍÉ Đ̉É ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ, ÂÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">MP_WATCHDOG</var>; ÏÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ CPU ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ watchdog Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÁ
+× ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË É/É̀É ÇÅÎÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ NMI ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁ×ÛÅÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ơ, ÅÓ̀É ÑÄ̉Ï ÎÅ ÏÔ×Å̃ÁÅÔ. ä̀Ñ
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ watchdog ×ÎÅ ĐÏÔÏËÁ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ sysctl; Ä̀Ñ ÓẨÏÓÁ
+ÔÁÊÍÅ̉Á × watchdog Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÔËÁ. åÓ̀É ÔÁÊÍÅ̉ ÎÅ ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ÍÅÔËÅ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ÄÅÓÑÔÉ ÓÅËƠÎÄ, ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÁÊÍÁƠÔ. đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ watchdog ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.watchdog_cpu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.leak_schedlock</var>. ïÎÁ
+ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏẨÁÂÏỖÉË sysctl, ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÚÁẦÏËÉ̉Ï×Á×ÛÉÊ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË, ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÉÔØ
+ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ watchdog, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">MP_WATCHDOG</var> option.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Giant Đ̉É ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ
+FreeBSD, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁ Ó̃ÅÔ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ É
+ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖÅË Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÑÈ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ƠÚ̀Á
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, É ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ IPX/SPX Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ Ó Giant, É̀É Ë
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÉÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÁ Giant.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. ïÎ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ debug.mpsafenet ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), É
+Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÎÅÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ, É̀É
+ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ËÏÎÓÅ̉×ÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafevm</var> ÂÙ̀Á ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+×ÙÔÅÓÎÑÔØ ĐÏÔÏËÉ × ÑÄ̉Å ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÁÍÉ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÏ×ÙÓÉÔØ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ É ƠÓËÏ̉ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï dev sysctl ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ devclass Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. ïÎÁ ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ, É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ × <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ É ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ ÛÉÎÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÑ × ÛÉÎÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+× <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ULE ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ÑÄ̉Å <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ỔÁÄÉĂÉÏÎÎÙÊ 4BSD. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ ×ÏÚ̉ÏÓ̀Á ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+``Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËÏ×'' É ``̉Ù×ËÏ×'' × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÓÉ̀ØÎÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÅÎ.
+üÔÏ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø Đ̉É
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ CPU. îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Ó SMP, ULE ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Ï̃Å̉ÅÄÉ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ CPU, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CPU affinity, CPU binding, É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ HyperThreading, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×Ơ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÊ × ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ. đ̉É Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ
+fine-grained kernel locking, Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÅ
+ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÙ.</p>
+
+<p>́ÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ĐÏÉÓËÁ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ
+O(log n), ÓỔÏÑƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔƠ × ×ÉÄÅ ÄÅ̉Å×Á. ïÎ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÎÉÖÁÅÔ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> ×Ï
+ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÎÑÈ É̀É ÔÙÓÑ̃ÁÈ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> ÂÙ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ×
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ̀ÉÎËÏ×ƯÉË FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> Ë ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ Ç̀ÏÂÁ̀ØÎÙÈ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. üÔÏÔ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë
+ĐÏÔÏËƠ; ÏÄÉÎ ĐÏÔÏË, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀƯÉÊ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ, ÎÅ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ̀ÀÂÏÍ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ĐÏÔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ËÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á, ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÄÅÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ̉Ù, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ
+ËÏÄÁ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p>óÔÁ̀Á ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÑ ÑÄ̉Á FreeBSD/i386 Ó Intel C/C++ Compiler (ÉÚ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/icc/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/icc</tt></a>).</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <tt class="FILENAME">boot0</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É. ïÎÁ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=boot0cfg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">boot0cfg</span>(8)</span></a> É
+ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/boot0sio</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Á̉ÇƠÍÅÎÔÁ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <var
+class="OPTION">-b</var>.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">cdboot</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÂÈÏÄÉÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍƠ BIOS, ×ÓỔÅ̃ÁÀƯƠÀÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Ó USB CDROM Đ̉É×ÏÄÏ×.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_asus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_asus</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ ASUSTek ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ ACPI ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË
+ÇÏ̉Ñ̃ÉÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛÉ É LED.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_panasonic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_panasonic</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÇÏ̉Ñ̃ÉÈ Ë̀Á×ÉÛ
+̀ÜĐÔÏĐÏ× Panasonic. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Let's note (É̀É Toughbook, ×ÎÅ ñĐÏÎÉÉ) CF-R1N,
+CF-R2A, É CF-R3.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_toshiba&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_toshiba</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Toshiba Ä̀Ñ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÍÉ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ Toshiba, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ×ÉÄÅÏ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ÜË̉ÁÎÏ× É ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÊ Ñ̉ËÏÓÔØÀ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+×ÉÄÅÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ sysctl ÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.root0.nexus0.acpi0.acpi_lid0.wake</var>), ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É ÍÏÇ̀É
+ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉ÏÂƠÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓ̀É × BIOS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. üÔÏ
+ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ loader <var
+class="VARNAME">hint.acpi.0.disabled</var> × <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Cronyx Tau. üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÄÏ̀ÇÏÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÂÙ̀ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ
+ËÁË ``ct'' - ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÂÙ̀ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÉÚÍÅÎÉ̀ÏÓØ, ÎÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÉÍÑ
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">ct</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Cronyx Tau-PCI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">dgb</tt> (DigiBoard intelligent serial card) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ. åÇÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÏÊ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">digi</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×Á̀ÏÓØ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">dgb</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (ÄÉÓË RAIDframe ÉÚ NetBSD) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. ÷
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ, É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙÍ ĐÏÄ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API ×
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>úÁĐÉÓØ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÆÁỀÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÁ ÚÁĐÉÓØ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ Ä̀ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Synaptics TouchPad.</p>
+
+<p>çÅÎÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ̃ÉÓÅ̀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">random</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÊ ÇÅÎÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉ (RNG) Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á VIA C3 Nehemiah (Stepping 3 É
+×ÙÛÅ).</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">sx</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ Specialix I/O8+ É
+I/O4+ intelligent multiport serial controllers.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ <var class="VARNAME">hw.uart.console</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">hw.uart.dbgport</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uart&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uart</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É É ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÁ, ËÁË É ÁỔÉÂƠÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ËÏÎÓÏ̀É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÓÔÏ× USB Ë RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx É CY7C640/1xx, ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS Đ̉ÉÅÍÎÉËÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ É Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ÜÔÉÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ). üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÎ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ × ÎÅÍ ÅƯÅ ÎÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ĐÏÔÏËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ISA ËÁ̉Ô ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">asc</tt> Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ GI1904 ̉ỠÎÙÈ ÓËÁÎÅ̉Ï×, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">ctx</tt> Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Ä̀Ñ CORTEX-I Frame Grabber, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">gp</tt> Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Ä̀Ñ ËÁ̉Ô National Instruments AT-GPIB É AT-GPIB/TNT,
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">gsc</tt> Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Ä̀Ñ ̉ỠÎÏÇÏ ÓËÁÎÅ̉Á Genius GS-4500, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">le</tt> Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Ä̀Ñ DEC EtherWORKS II É III ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Ethernet, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">rdp</tt> Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ RealTek RTL 8002 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï×
+Ethernet, <tt class="DEVICENAME">spigot</tt> Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Ä̀Ñ Đ̀ÁÔÙ ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ Creative Labs
+Video Spigot, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stl</tt> É <tt class="DEVICENAME">stli</tt> Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù
+Ä̀Ñ ÍỜØÔÉĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Stallion Technologies É Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">wt</tt> Ä̀Ñ ̀ÅÎÔ Archive/Wangtek. ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÎÉ
+ÎÅÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ, É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ×
+̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ĐÏÄ ÎÏ×ÙÍ API × 5-CURRENT. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ
+Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× - ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ioctl É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">sasc</tt> É <tt class="DEVICENAME">sgsc</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ. ó̉ÅÄÉ
+Đ̉Ï̃ÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ: ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÅ
+(major) ÎÏÍÅ̉Á (×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×). ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ ĐÏ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ Ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. îÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × API Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÎÏ×ÏÅ ĐÏ̀Å <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔ) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á CVS DRI Project ÏÔ 26 ÍÁÑ
+2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÅ PCI ID É ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô ÂÙ̀É ̉ÅÏ̉ÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> ÜÔÏ ÏÂƯÉÊ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉, Á <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> ÜÔÏ
+Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ÍÏÄÉÆÉĂÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> Đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× mixer ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ É Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arl</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Aironet Arlan 655. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁ̀Á ÖÅÓÔËÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ É MCAP Ä̀Ñ ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÁÍ RFC 2734
+É RFC 3146 IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire É ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× sysctl, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, É ÜÔÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ sysctl ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ÎÁÄ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ× Ethernet,
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">hea</tt> (Efficient Networks, Inc. ENI-155p ATM
+adapter) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ. åÇÏ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ×
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÅ Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ (checksum offload) ÎÁ
+Đ̉ÉÅÍ/ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ËÏÍĐÅÎÓÉ̉ƠÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎƠÀ ÓƠÍÍƠ Ä̀Ñ UDP ÄÅÊÔÁÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">lmc</tt> (LAN Media Corp. PCI WAN adapter) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">loran</tt> (Loran-C receiver) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)
+NDIS Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× ĐÏÄ FreeBSD/i386. ïÎ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ relocator/linker Ä̀Ñ
+<span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> <tt class="FILENAME">.SYS</tt> Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ Ó
+ÑÄ̉ÏÍ FreeBSD É ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ̃ÁÓÔÉ NDIS API ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ̉ÏÄÎÙÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ ÑÄ̉Á FreeBSD.
+üÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á PCI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>) É
+CardBus (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>), É
+̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÁ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ Ä̀Ñ Ethernet É ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×. úÁ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÍ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndiscvt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndiscvt</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÄÅ̀Á̀Á ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> ×
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÈÓÑ Ë ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ multicast É promiscuous
+̉ÅÖÉÍÏ× × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï×, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ Davicom DM9601 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̃ÉĐ VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ TX ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ̀Á ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ É ƠÍÅÎØÛÁ̀Á ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÏ. ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (ÚÁ
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔƠÎÎÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ WCCP ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Á ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁ Ë ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÁ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ
+Ï̃ÅÎØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ï× Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ (BGP) Ä̀Ñ ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó ĐÏÄÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÙÍÉ É̀É
+ÎÅÍÁ̉ÛÔƠÔÉÚÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÍÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍÉ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÏ×. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+ÜÔÏ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÅ Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ
+×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÁ Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Ë ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. åÓ̀É ÓÅÔØ
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓƠ, Ó
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÏÎ Đ̉ÉÛÅ̀. ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ É ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÎÅ
+ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÁÀÔ, ĐÁËÅÔ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, Ä̀Ñ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÉ ÓÏ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ
+ID. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ë TCP É UDP ĐÁËÅÔÁÍ.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× (lookup tables), ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+̉ÁÚÎÙÈ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÓỔÏÅÎÏ × ÑÄ̉Ï ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× IP. đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ, Đ̉É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">1</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Á Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">2</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ IP
+ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ IPsec ÏÔ KAME Project. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÂÙ̀É
+Ó×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ó ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ ÂÙ̀É
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇ̀É ÓÔÁÔØ Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ É̀É ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀Å Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜËÚÅÍĐ̀Ñ̉Ï× ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> Đ̉É×ÑÚËƠ
+Ë ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó RFC 1483 ATM LLC ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÓÔƠÀ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËƠ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ËÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉ Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ôÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÀ × ÓÔÉ̀Å Cisco, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó RFC
+1490 × ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÈ frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> Ë
+Ï̉ÉÇÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍƠ ÍÏÄỜÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ̀ÉÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ Netgraph, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÎÏÇÏ
+Đ̉É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÔÉ̀Ñ ƠÚ̀Ï× Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> Ó
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÁ × ÑÄ̉Ï, É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÆÉ̀ØỔÁĂÉÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÏËÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ơ×ÅÄÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ
+ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï. LQM, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × RFC 1989, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ PPP ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÂÙ̀Ï ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, É̀É <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÏẨÁÔÎƠÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ;
+ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, Á ÎÅ <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, É ÎÅ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, É <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ MSS (ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ĐÏÔÏËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀƯÉÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÅ̀ËÉÈ TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× × ËÏ̉ÏÔËÉÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ (̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, Đ̉Å×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀,
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓẨÏÛÅÎÙ. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÚÁƯÉÔƠ ÏÔ ĂÅ̀ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÉÓ̃Å̉ĐÙ×ÁÀƯÉÈ
+̉ÅÓỞÓÙ ÁÔÁË.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄ). üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÍÁÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> É <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ TCP Ä̀Ñ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ TCP ÓÅÓÓÉÊ. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ TCP-MD5 Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÂÏÔËÁ reset × TCP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓ̀ÏÖÎÉÔØ reset ÁÔÁËÉ ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ,
+ÎÁÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÛÉ̉Ï̃ÁÊÛÉÍ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎÏÍ TCP
+ÓÔÅËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ RFC 1948 ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ. ëÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ × Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÏÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÖÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ISN ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÅ ``ÜÆÅÍÅ̉ÎÏÅ'' ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ (random ephemeral port
+allocation), Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÅÅ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 2018. üÔÏ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ TCP ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍÉ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÍÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×. SACK
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ Ë ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÄÅÔÅËÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ master/slave ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ
+Ó ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Promise command sequencer, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÈ
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ Promise SX4/SX4000 ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ``ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÇÏ'' Promise ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á; ATA RAID ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ó
+ỞÏ×ÎÑÍÉ RAID0, RAID1 É RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÁ CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÀ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÏÄÉÎ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ RAID3 É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ RAID0. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Ë̀ÁÓÓÅ
+ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ: ``fast'' É ``economic''. ÷ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ï̃ÅÎØ
+ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ ÓỔÁÊĐÁ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ ××ÏÄÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ ÄÉÓËƠ ×
+ÓỔÁÊĐÅ; ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÉẦÉÚÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ × 10 ̉ÁÚ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÁÊĐÏ× ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÅÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍ
+economic É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ RAID0. èÏÔÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍ fast ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏÎ
+ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ. đƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> × 0 ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ̉ÅÖÉÍ economic, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ̉ÁÚ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á
+ĐÁÍÑÔÉ, ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÍÏÇÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ GEOM Gate, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). ïÎ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÈ ÎÅ Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎÎÙÅ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÓÅÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÏË ÔÏÍÏ× ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), É ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù GUID Partition Table (GPT) É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ RAID1. ä̀Ñ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
+ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù 3ware's 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ATAPI MMC É Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉ ÔÏÍÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ỔÁÎÓÆÏ̉ÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ 5.x. âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ LSI-type Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ EXT2FS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× (&gt;
+4GB). ₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÚÁË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+É̀É ÎÁ ÔÅÈ, ÇÄÅ × ÓƠĐÅ̉ẦÏËÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÁÎÉËÁ × NFSv4 Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ; ÏÎÁ Ó̀ỠÁ̀ÁÓØ Đ̉É ĐÏĐÙÔËÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ NFSv3/NFSv2 ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ, ̃ÅÍ 128GB. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ,
+̃ÔÏ ÏÎ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 32 ÂÁÊÔÁ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ; ÅÇÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ̃ÅÔËÏ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÍÅÎÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1 ÍÉ̀̀ÉÏÎÏÍ ÆÁỀÏ× ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ. üËÓĐÏ̉Ô
+ÜÔÉÈ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏ NFS ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ SMBFS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ SMB ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ÁÔÁËÉ
+``man in the middle'' É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍ Windows 2003 × ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÎÉÖÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÅÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ; ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ KAME ÏÔ 7
+ÉÀÎÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏÔ ÉÍĐÏ̉Ô ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ ABI × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> É ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ÂÙ̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ALTQ. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.31 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ SSDT. äÁÍĐ É̀É ÄÉÚÁÓÓÅÍẦÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ DSDT ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÁẦÉĂ, ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-f</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÄÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ, ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. ä̀Ñ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ Ë <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
+ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> É <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <var class="LITERAL">set</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔ/ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔ ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÑÄ̉Á, ÎÁ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. üÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Ë tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ Ä×Á ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> É <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÊ, ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É
+ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. ̣ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅÍ
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ × ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀Å. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÉËÏ× ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Đ̉É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÉ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÄÁ̃, ÚÁĐ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, É <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÈ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÏÅ Ó̀Ï×Ï <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÔ ×
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ PID ÆÁỀÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Á ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ËÏÎ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, É̀É Đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> Ó <var class="OPTION">sync</var> Đ̉É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+××ÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-c</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ×Ù×ÏÄƠ ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> É ÎÅÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÇÏ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD É
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏ̉Ô <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-P</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ (ÎÅ × ÆÁỀÙ É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔÙ). á̉ÇƠÍÅÎÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> É̀É <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ × EEPROM É̀É NVRAM. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÁÑ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ó Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×Å̉ÓÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁỀÏ× Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ̀É Ç̀ƠÂÉÎÁ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏÊ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ĐÏÉÓËÁ <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉É ÏÔË̉ÙÔÉÉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ UID
+ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, Á ÎÅ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ỔÁÆÉËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> Ó
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÁ ĐÏ ÉÅ̉Á̉ÈÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐÅ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó GUID ÔÁẦÉĂÅÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. åÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <var class="OPTION">add</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÍÅÔËÉ MAC ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÎÁ ̀ÅÔƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÓÔÁÔƠÓ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ (Ô.Å. Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1500 ÂÁÊÔ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÈ).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍ ỞÏ×ÎÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-n</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅÔÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ̀ÀÂÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
+Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÑÄ̉Á</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-u</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï IPC
+ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁÈ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÈ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-b</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ É
+ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á, ÉÓË̀À̃ÁÑ ÔÅ̀Ï Đ̉Á×É̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ĐÏÄ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ Ï̃ÉƯÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, É <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐƠÓËÏÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ×
+jail ĐÏÄ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ÑÄ̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ÍÏÄỜÑÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ, Á ÎÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ID ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ (É ÎÏ×ÙÊ API) Ä̀Ñ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ× × ÏÄÎÏÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ.
+óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ API ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ × ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ
+É ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ Á̉ÈÉ×ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ É ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ĐÅ̉×ÏÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË <b class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>, ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÜÔÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í i386, amd64 É ia64. đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> <var
+class="OPTION">-pthread</var> ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÚ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×,
+ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÓÙ̀ÏË <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> É/É̀É <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b> ÎÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ NVIDIA Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+× ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÅÓÔØ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ƠÀ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËƠ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ 1:1 (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×). ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> Ó
+Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ 1:1, É ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ M:N.
+ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÉÎƠÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ M:N (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÅ <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, Á</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÅ <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÁË ÍỜØÔÉÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+Ó ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁËÉÅ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÍÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÄÉ̉ÅËÔÉ×Ơ <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ POSIX-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="LITERAL">+</var> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÈ ÓỔÏËÁÈ <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÏËÉ ÄÁÖÅ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ Đ̉É ×ÙÚÏ×Å ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÍÅƯÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ × ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÁË ÜÔÏÇÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ POSIX. üÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ×ÓÅ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ make, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (Ë̉ÏÍÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜËÓË̀ÀÚÉ×ÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÉ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ make). đÏÍÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ×Ï
+×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ make, Ë̉ÏÍÅ ËÁË ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ÏË C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ÍÁË̉ÏÓ Ä̀Ñ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Ä̀Ñ float, double É long double.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ GNU Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ̉ÏÔÁĂÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ̉ÏÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ĐÏÓÙ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÁÔØ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀, É ÎÁËÏÎÅĂ ×ÓÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ,
+ÓÖÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÂÏ̉Á ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× ÉÚ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ UTF-8 ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ
+×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÅÊ. üÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀Ø Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÈ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ỠÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÅÇÏ × Đ̉Á×É̀ÁÈ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ ̃̀ÅÎÓÔ×Ï × ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÁÈ, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ MAC multilabel Æ̀ÁÇÁ ÎÁ
+ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÂÅÚ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ĐÏĐÙÔËÁÈ ×ÈÏÄÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> ÓÔÁ̀
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ NSS ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ̉ÅÛÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ NSS ÍÏÄỜÅÊ (ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) É Ç̉ƠĐĐ Ó Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ̃̀ÅÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÁ BSD-̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÁ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÏÇÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÉÅ ÉÈ NetBSD. ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍĐÁ (core) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-N</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÑÄ̉Á (kernel) ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ỠÅÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ RADIUS ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' Ä̀Ñ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó
+ÎÉÚ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÍ ƠÚ̀ÏÍ Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> Ó POSIX/SUSv3.
+üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ×,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Ï×, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔÎÁ <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Ç̉ƠĐĐ, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÏÔÉ×ÏĐÏ̀ÏÖÎÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, É ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÅ̀ËÉÅ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, Đ̉É ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ø ÎÁ ÆÁỀ Ó
+ÚÁÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÍ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÅÍƠ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏÍ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÇỜÑ̉ÎÙÅ ×Ù̉ÁÖÅÎÉÑ, ỠÉÔÙ×ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÙÅ Ó̀Ï×Á <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> É
+ÁÓÓÏĂÉÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ. íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ Ë DNS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ; Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> É ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ƠÄÁ̀ÑÅÍÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÍĐ ÆÁỀÏ× ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÅÓ̀É ÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ××ÏÄ ÚÁË̉ÙÔ. üÔÏ
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÏĐÁÓÎÏÅ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ Ó ĐÁËÅÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÔÏ
+ÍÏÇ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ÂÅÚ ÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+đÏÄÏÂÎÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, ÏÎÉ
+×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÑÀÔ ÈÜÛ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ/ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ SMBus ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ĐÁËÅÔÁÈ
+ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÓ̀É
+ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ É ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉË ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙ. üÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÍ ÏÔ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> É̀É × DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ: ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á I/O. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ``m'' É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃ÅÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (× ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ GNU ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ)
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ×Å̉ÓÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×ÍÅÓÔÏ GNU ×Å̉ÓÉÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> ÂÙ̀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ gbde
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ. đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+ÉÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> É Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÍ Ë̀À̃ÏÍ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÙÍ ËÁË ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÁÑ ÓƠÍÍÁ
+MD5 ÏÔ 512 ÂÁÊÔ, Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÍĐÏ× ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. ëÏÇÄÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÑÄ̉Ï. åÓ̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, ÏÎ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ, ÉÎÁ̃Å ÂƠÄÅÔ
+ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ × RFC
+3484, ÅÓ̀É <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. éÎÁ̃Å × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÉ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÏ× Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. đ̉É ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ
+ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÁƠÄÉÏ ÍÉËÛÅ̉Ï×, Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ Đ̉É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+Á ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ chroot Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. óÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, Á ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ, ÅÓ̀É ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ 20030619 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.0.9 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> ÏÔ Bell Labs ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÏÔ 29 ÉÀÎÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ
+ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 7 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.3.1-REL ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 23 ÍÁÑ 2004 ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.15 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.41 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÁÑ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓÅ̀ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ É ÄÅÓÑÔÉ̃ÎÙÍ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÍÉ) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20030324 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.3.3-prerelease ÏÔ 6 ÎÏÑẨÑ,
+2003 ÄÏ 3.4.2-prerelease ÏÔ 28 ÉÀ̀Ñ, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4d ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 371 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ĐÁỖÁÍÉ Ó 001
+ÄÏ 005.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ×
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó textutils 2.1 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ coreutils
+5.2.1 ÏÔ 12 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.6 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ c ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.0.1 RC10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 3 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏ
+ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 9 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.1.1a ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Dogwood ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.6.1p1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ. SSH Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1 ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÁ̉Ï̀À ̃Å̉ÅÚ SSH ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÅÓ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7c ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ Đ̉Å̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, ĐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ OpenBSD ÉÚ OpenBSD 3.5-stable, ÂÙ̀
+ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) É ỔÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÜÔÉ
+ỠÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ. ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÅÊ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. ä̀Ñ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> × <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ÉÚ OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ftp Đ̉ÏËÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ̃Å̉ÅÚ <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> × ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ Ä̀Ñ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× Đ̉Á×É̀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.22 ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.27 Ó
+rhyolite.com. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ RIP MD5
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÀ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÍÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD; ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ
+Sun, Cisco É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.12.10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.11 ÄÏ 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÏÎ ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> ÄÏ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.1.4 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ/ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á, ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎƠÀ
+× FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ
+ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å. đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×
+ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ. đ̉É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Å ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÔÏ̃ÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÏÂÏ̉ÏÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁỔÉÂƠÔ <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> Ä̀Ñ
+distfiles, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ï× ÆÁỀÏ× ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á. üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÇÄÅ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, É Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÎÅ×Å̉ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ù.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÆÁỀÁ:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÅÅ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÎÙÅ Ó̀ỠÁÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÓỔÅÔÉÔØÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ĐÏ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉÉ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó 4.x É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÓỔƠÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉Ï× ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ É
+×ÙÂÏ̉Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÏÔÏẨÁÚÉÔ (×ÓÅ) docbook DTD Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 3.0. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÛÁẦÏÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ ÓÂÏÊÎÙÈ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-S</var> Ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÆÉËÓÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-j</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÁ
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÂÙ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÅ̉ÅÓÍÏỔÅÎ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÁË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ÑÄ̉Ï, ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä×Á ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ). üÔÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ỜỠÛÁÅÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÀƯƠÀÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÖÅ ÑÄ̉Ï (É, ÔÁËÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ, ÔÏ ÖÅ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ), ̃ÔÏ É Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó CDROM. ởÅÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï <tt
+class="FILENAME">MFSROOT</tt> ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ ÎƠÖÎÏ, É ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot</tt>
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÄỜÅÊ ÑÄ̉Á. ïẨÁÚÙ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">driver.flp</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÀÔÓÑ É ÎÅ ÓÏÂÉ̉ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ × FreeBSD ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ̃ÁÓÔØ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÓÏẨÁÔØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ ÂÅÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ
+ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD
+Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a href="../../../../../gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">../../../../../gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÂƠÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.1.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.
+üÔÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔ ÂÁÚƠ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯƠÀ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ƠÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, É ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ÎÉÈ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å X Window System ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
+̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ,
+ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ,
+̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/ia64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/ia64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.2.1-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD.
+đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ IA-64. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.2.1-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+ÏÎÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÀ Æ̀ÁÇÏ× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÉÈ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Đ̉É
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÓÎÉÍËÁ (ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ) ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ setuid ÂÉÔÁ ÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ, ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÎÅÄÏ×Å̉ÑÅÍÏÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, ÇÄÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ É ̃̀ÅÎÁÍ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÅ System V Shared Memory (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). üÔÁ
+ÏÛÉÂËÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÎÅ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ
+ỠÁÓÔËÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÉÍ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë
+̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
+Ó×ÏÊ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÎÁ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÙ jail, É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÎÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ É ÚÁĐÉÓØ Ë ÆÁỀÁÍ É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ jail. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ DoS ÁÔÁËÁ Ó ÎÉÚËÉÍ ỔÁÆÉËÏÍ ÎÁ TCP ÓÔÅË FreeBSD ÂÙ̀Á Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× ×ÎÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ
+ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ ÎỜÅ×ÏÇÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÅ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Ë̉ÁÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÈ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÁÚƠ × ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ (DoS). âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ÓÏËÅÔÁ IPv6 × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ
+×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ĐÁÎÉËƠ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ
+ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÇ̀Ï Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ËÏÄÅ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. ïÎÉ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ, Á Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Å Đ̉É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅ Ë CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑÍ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ × <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍƠ,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÎÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉ̀ÁÓØ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÁÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÍÉ
+realm. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ỠÁÓÔËÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ĂÅ̀ÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØÀ ËÜÛÁ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
+×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÅÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÀ <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐÏÂÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ÉÚ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ.
+đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÁÑ ÓÅÍÁÎÔÉËÁ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, ÍÏÇƠÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, ÅÓ̀É ÉÈ ÎÅ ÂÅÓĐÏËÏÉÔ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÍÁÎÉĐỜÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÁẦÉĂÁÍÉ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÉÚ jail. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× Linux,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÍÏÇ ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ÍÏÇƠƯÉÈ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
+̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, DoS, É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ; ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ÑÄ̉Á Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+üÔÏ ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ẦÏËÉ̉ƠÀƯÉÈ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÀÔÓÑ, ÅÓ̀É ĐÏÔÏË, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÉÔ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ
+ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ Đ̉É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ i386.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÏÚ̉Á̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ç̉ÁÎÉĂ × ÔÅÇÅ DMA Đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ
+ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï×, É <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> ÂƠÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓẨÏÓ ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï× ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍÏÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ
+ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ. óÔÁ̉ÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+ÓÏ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ raw ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ÉÚÎƠỔÉ jail. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ÉÚÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ mount, unmount É up/down ÓÔÁÔƠÓ NFS.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, KDB. ïÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ GDB,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, run-length encoding compression, É ÔÁË
+ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, É ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ, × ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ. âÙ̀É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> É <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ DDB ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+pre-linker symbol lookups, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É KLD symbol lookups ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ GDB Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Á
+ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD. ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÔÅÍ × Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Å GDB ÅÓÔØ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB ÄÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ É ×ÓÅÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË É̀É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ
+Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÑ. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĂÅ̀ÅÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ. ÷ÓÅ ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ É̀É ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. ÷ ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË ÍÏÖÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÊÔÉ, ÚÁĐÉÓÁ× × sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+ïÎÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ, ÂƠÄƠÔ É̀É ÎÅÔ IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ CPU ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÎÙ
+Đ̉É ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ×ÎƠỔÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ MAC Framework, ÚÁƯÉƯÁÑ ÏÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ É
+×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉË MAC.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ É Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̉Á×É̀. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ
+ÎÅƠÄÁ̃ÎÙÅ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ mbuma, Mbuf É Cluster Á̀̀ÏËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Å
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ UMA. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ, ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ. íÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+Ë̀ÁÓÔÅ̉Ï× ĐÏ Đ̉ÅÖÎÅÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> × ÎỜØ.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÍÏÄỜÅÊ
+ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ, ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, ÍÏÇ̀É
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̃ÉÔÁÅÍÙÍÉ Đ̉É ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ, ÂÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Giant Đ̉É ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ
+FreeBSD, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁ Ó̃ÅÔ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ É
+ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖÅË Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÑÈ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ƠÚ̀Á
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, É ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ IPX/SPX Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ Ó Giant, É̀É Ë
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÉÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÁ Giant.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. ïÎ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ debug.mpsafenet ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), É
+Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÎÅÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ, É̀É
+ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ËÏÎÓÅ̉×ÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï dev sysctl ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ devclass Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. ïÎÁ ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ, É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ × <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ É ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ ÛÉÎÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÑ × ÛÉÎÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+× <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ULE ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ÑÄ̉Å <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ỔÁÄÉĂÉÏÎÎÙÊ 4BSD. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ ×ÏÚ̉ÏÓ̀Á ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+``Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËÏ×'' É ``̉Ù×ËÏ×'' × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÓÉ̀ØÎÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÅÎ.
+üÔÏ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø Đ̉É
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ CPU. îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Ó SMP, ULE ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Ï̃Å̉ÅÄÉ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ CPU, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CPU affinity, CPU binding, É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ HyperThreading, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×Ơ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÊ × ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ. đ̉É Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ
+fine-grained kernel locking, Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÅ
+ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÙ.</p>
+
+<p>́ÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ĐÏÉÓËÁ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ
+O(log n), ÓỔÏÑƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔƠ × ×ÉÄÅ ÄÅ̉Å×Á. ïÎ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÎÉÖÁÅÔ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> ×Ï
+ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÎÑÈ É̀É ÔÙÓÑ̃ÁÈ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> ÂÙ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ×
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ̀ÉÎËÏ×ƯÉË FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> Ë ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ Ç̀ÏÂÁ̀ØÎÙÈ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. üÔÏÔ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë
+ĐÏÔÏËƠ; ÏÄÉÎ ĐÏÔÏË, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀƯÉÊ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ, ÎÅ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ̀ÀÂÏÍ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ĐÏÔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ËÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á, ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÄÅÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ̉Ù, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ
+ËÏÄÁ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ÜË̉ÁÎÏ× É ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÊ Ñ̉ËÏÓÔØÀ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+×ÉÄÅÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (ÄÉÓË RAIDframe ÉÚ NetBSD) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. ÷
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ, É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙÍ ĐÏÄ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API ×
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>úÁĐÉÓØ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÆÁỀÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÁ ÚÁĐÉÓØ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ Ä̀ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ËÏÎÓÏ̀É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÓÔÏ× USB Ë RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx É CY7C640/1xx, ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS Đ̉ÉÅÍÎÉËÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ É Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ÜÔÉÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ). üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÎ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ × ÎÅÍ ÅƯÅ ÎÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ĐÏÔÏËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ. ó̉ÅÄÉ
+Đ̉Ï̃ÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ: ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÅ
+(major) ÎÏÍÅ̉Á (×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×). ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ ĐÏ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ Ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. îÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × API Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÎÏ×ÏÅ ĐÏ̀Å <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔ) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á CVS DRI Project ÏÔ 26 ÍÁÑ
+2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÅ PCI ID É ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô ÂÙ̀É ̉ÅÏ̉ÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> ÜÔÏ ÏÂƯÉÊ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉, Á <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> ÜÔÏ
+Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ÍÏÄÉÆÉĂÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> Đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× mixer ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ É Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁ̀Á ÖÅÓÔËÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ É MCAP Ä̀Ñ ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÁÍ RFC 2734
+É RFC 3146 IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire É ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× sysctl, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, É ÜÔÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ sysctl ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ÎÁÄ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ× Ethernet,
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÅ Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ (checksum offload) ÎÁ
+Đ̉ÉÅÍ/ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ËÏÍĐÅÎÓÉ̉ƠÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎƠÀ ÓƠÍÍƠ Ä̀Ñ UDP ÄÅÊÔÁÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÄÅ̀Á̀Á ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> ×
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÈÓÑ Ë ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ multicast É promiscuous
+̉ÅÖÉÍÏ× × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï×, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ Davicom DM9601 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̃ÉĐ VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ TX ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ̀Á ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ É ƠÍÅÎØÛÁ̀Á ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÏ. ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (ÚÁ
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔƠÎÎÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ WCCP ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Á ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁ Ë ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÁ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ
+Ï̃ÅÎØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ï× Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ (BGP) Ä̀Ñ ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó ĐÏÄÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÙÍÉ É̀É
+ÎÅÍÁ̉ÛÔƠÔÉÚÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÍÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍÉ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÏ×. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+ÜÔÏ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÅ Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ
+×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÁ Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Ë ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. åÓ̀É ÓÅÔØ
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓƠ, Ó
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÏÎ Đ̉ÉÛÅ̀. ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ É ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÎÅ
+ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÁÀÔ, ĐÁËÅÔ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, Ä̀Ñ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÉ ÓÏ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ
+ID. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ë TCP É UDP ĐÁËÅÔÁÍ.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× (lookup tables), ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+̉ÁÚÎÙÈ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÓỔÏÅÎÏ × ÑÄ̉Ï ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× IP. đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ, Đ̉É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">1</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Á Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">2</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ IP
+ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ IPsec ÏÔ KAME Project. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÂÙ̀É
+Ó×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ó ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ ÂÙ̀É
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇ̀É ÓÔÁÔØ Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ É̀É ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀Å Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜËÚÅÍĐ̀Ñ̉Ï× ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> Đ̉É×ÑÚËƠ
+Ë ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó RFC 1483 ATM LLC ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÓÔƠÀ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËƠ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ËÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉ Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ôÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÀ × ÓÔÉ̀Å Cisco, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó RFC
+1490 × ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÈ frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> Ë
+Ï̉ÉÇÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍƠ ÍÏÄỜÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ̀ÉÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ Netgraph, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÎÏÇÏ
+Đ̉É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÔÉ̀Ñ ƠÚ̀Ï× Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> Ó
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÁ × ÑÄ̉Ï, É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÆÉ̀ØỔÁĂÉÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÏËÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ơ×ÅÄÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ
+ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï. LQM, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × RFC 1989, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ PPP ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÂÙ̀Ï ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, É̀É <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÏẨÁÔÎƠÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ;
+ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, Á ÎÅ <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, É ÎÅ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, É <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ MSS (ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ĐÏÔÏËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀƯÉÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÅ̀ËÉÈ TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× × ËÏ̉ÏÔËÉÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ (̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, Đ̉Å×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀,
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓẨÏÛÅÎÙ. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÚÁƯÉÔƠ ÏÔ ĂÅ̀ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÉÓ̃Å̉ĐÙ×ÁÀƯÉÈ
+̉ÅÓỞÓÙ ÁÔÁË.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄ). üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÍÁÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> É <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ TCP Ä̀Ñ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ TCP ÓÅÓÓÉÊ. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ TCP-MD5 Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÂÏÔËÁ reset × TCP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓ̀ÏÖÎÉÔØ reset ÁÔÁËÉ ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ,
+ÎÁÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÛÉ̉Ï̃ÁÊÛÉÍ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎÏÍ TCP
+ÓÔÅËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ RFC 1948 ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ. ëÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ × Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÏÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÖÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ISN ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÅ ``ÜÆÅÍÅ̉ÎÏÅ'' ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ (random ephemeral port
+allocation), Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÅÅ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 2018. üÔÏ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ TCP ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍÉ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÍÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×. SACK
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ Ë ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÄÅÔÅËÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ master/slave ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ
+Ó ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Promise command sequencer, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÈ
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ Promise SX4/SX4000 ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ``ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÇÏ'' Promise ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á; ATA RAID ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ó
+ỞÏ×ÎÑÍÉ RAID0, RAID1 É RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÁ CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÀ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÏÄÉÎ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ RAID3 É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ RAID0. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Ë̀ÁÓÓÅ
+ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ: ``fast'' É ``economic''. ÷ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ï̃ÅÎØ
+ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ ÓỔÁÊĐÁ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ ××ÏÄÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ ÄÉÓËƠ ×
+ÓỔÁÊĐÅ; ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÉẦÉÚÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ × 10 ̉ÁÚ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÁÊĐÏ× ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÅÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍ
+economic É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ RAID0. èÏÔÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍ fast ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏÎ
+ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ. đƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> × 0 ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ̉ÅÖÉÍ economic, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ̉ÁÚ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á
+ĐÁÍÑÔÉ, ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÍÏÇÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ GEOM Gate, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). ïÎ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÈ ÎÅ Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎÎÙÅ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÓÅÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÏË ÔÏÍÏ× ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), É ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù GUID Partition Table (GPT) É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ RAID1. ä̀Ñ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
+ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ATAPI MMC É Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉ ÔÏÍÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ỔÁÎÓÆÏ̉ÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ 5.x. âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ LSI-type Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ EXT2FS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× (&gt;
+4GB). ₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÚÁË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+É̀É ÎÁ ÔÅÈ, ÇÄÅ × ÓƠĐÅ̉ẦÏËÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÁÎÉËÁ × NFSv4 Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ; ÏÎÁ Ó̀ỠÁ̀ÁÓØ Đ̉É ĐÏĐÙÔËÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ NFSv3/NFSv2 ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ, ̃ÅÍ 128GB. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ,
+̃ÔÏ ÏÎ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 32 ÂÁÊÔÁ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ; ÅÇÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ̃ÅÔËÏ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÍÅÎÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1 ÍÉ̀̀ÉÏÎÏÍ ÆÁỀÏ× ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ. üËÓĐÏ̉Ô
+ÜÔÉÈ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏ NFS ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ SMBFS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ SMB ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ÁÔÁËÉ
+``man in the middle'' É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍ Windows 2003 × ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÎÉÖÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÅÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ; ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ KAME ÏÔ 7
+ÉÀÎÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏÔ ÉÍĐÏ̉Ô ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ ABI × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> É ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ÂÙ̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ALTQ. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.31 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ ia64 stack unwinder, <b class="APPLICATION">Unwind Express
+(libuwx)</b> ÏÔ Hewlett-Packard Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ SSDT. äÁÍĐ É̀É ÄÉÚÁÓÓÅÍẦÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ DSDT ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÁẦÉĂ, ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-f</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÄÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ, ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. ä̀Ñ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ Ë <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
+ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> É <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <var class="LITERAL">set</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔ/ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔ ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÑÄ̉Á, ÎÁ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. üÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Ë tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ Ä×Á ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> É <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÊ, ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É
+ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. ̣ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅÍ
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ × ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀Å. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÉËÏ× ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Đ̉É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÉ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÄÁ̃, ÚÁĐ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, É <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÈ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÏÅ Ó̀Ï×Ï <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÔ ×
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ PID ÆÁỀÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Á ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ËÏÎ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, É̀É Đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> Ó <var class="OPTION">sync</var> Đ̉É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+××ÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-c</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ×Ù×ÏÄƠ ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> É ÎÅÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÇÏ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD É
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏ̉Ô <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-P</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ (ÎÅ × ÆÁỀÙ É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔÙ). á̉ÇƠÍÅÎÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> É̀É <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ × EEPROM É̀É NVRAM. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÁÑ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ó Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×Å̉ÓÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁỀÏ× Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ̀É Ç̀ƠÂÉÎÁ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏÊ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ĐÏÉÓËÁ <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉É ÏÔË̉ÙÔÉÉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ UID
+ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, Á ÎÅ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ỔÁÆÉËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> Ó
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÁ ĐÏ ÉÅ̉Á̉ÈÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐÅ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó GUID ÔÁẦÉĂÅÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. åÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <var class="OPTION">add</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÍÅÔËÉ MAC ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÎÁ ̀ÅÔƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÓÔÁÔƠÓ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ (Ô.Å. Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1500 ÂÁÊÔ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÈ).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍ ỞÏ×ÎÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-n</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅÔÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ̀ÀÂÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
+Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÑÄ̉Á</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-u</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï IPC
+ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁÈ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÈ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-b</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ É
+ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á, ÉÓË̀À̃ÁÑ ÔÅ̀Ï Đ̉Á×É̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ĐÏÄ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ Ï̃ÉƯÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, É <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐƠÓËÏÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ×
+jail ĐÏÄ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ÑÄ̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ÍÏÄỜÑÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ, Á ÎÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ID ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ (É ÎÏ×ÙÊ API) Ä̀Ñ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ× × ÏÄÎÏÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ.
+óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ API ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ × ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ
+É ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ Á̉ÈÉ×ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ É ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ĐÅ̉×ÏÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË <b class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>, ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÜÔÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í i386, amd64 É ia64. đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> <var
+class="OPTION">-pthread</var> ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÚ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×,
+ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÓÙ̀ÏË <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> É/É̀É <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b> ÎÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ NVIDIA Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+× ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÅÓÔØ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ƠÀ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËƠ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ 1:1 (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×). ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> Ó
+Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ 1:1, É ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ M:N.
+ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÉÎƠÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ M:N (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÅ <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, Á</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÅ <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÁË ÍỜØÔÉÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+Ó ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁËÉÅ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÍÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÄÉ̉ÅËÔÉ×Ơ <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ POSIX-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="LITERAL">+</var> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÈ ÓỔÏËÁÈ <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÏËÉ ÄÁÖÅ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ Đ̉É ×ÙÚÏ×Å ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÍÅƯÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ × ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÁË ÜÔÏÇÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ POSIX. üÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ×ÓÅ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ make, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (Ë̉ÏÍÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜËÓË̀ÀÚÉ×ÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÉ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ make). đÏÍÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ×Ï
+×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ make, Ë̉ÏÍÅ ËÁË ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ÏË C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ÍÁË̉ÏÓ Ä̀Ñ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Ä̀Ñ float, double É long double.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ GNU Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ̉ÏÔÁĂÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ̉ÏÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ĐÏÓÙ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÁÔØ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀, É ÎÁËÏÎÅĂ ×ÓÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ,
+ÓÖÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÂÏ̉Á ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× ÉÚ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ UTF-8 ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ
+×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÅÊ. üÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀Ø Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÈ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ỠÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÅÇÏ × Đ̉Á×É̀ÁÈ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ ̃̀ÅÎÓÔ×Ï × ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÁÈ, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ MAC multilabel Æ̀ÁÇÁ ÎÁ
+ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÂÅÚ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ĐÏĐÙÔËÁÈ ×ÈÏÄÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> ÓÔÁ̀
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ NSS ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ̉ÅÛÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ NSS ÍÏÄỜÅÊ (ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) É Ç̉ƠĐĐ Ó Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ̃̀ÅÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÁ BSD-̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÁ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÏÇÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÉÅ ÉÈ NetBSD. ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍĐÁ (core) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-N</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÑÄ̉Á (kernel) ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ỠÅÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ RADIUS ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' Ä̀Ñ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó
+ÎÉÚ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÍ ƠÚ̀ÏÍ Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> Ó POSIX/SUSv3.
+üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ×,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Ï×, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔÎÁ <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Ç̉ƠĐĐ, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÏÔÉ×ÏĐÏ̀ÏÖÎÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, É ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÅ̀ËÉÅ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, Đ̉É ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ø ÎÁ ÆÁỀ Ó
+ÚÁÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÍ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÅÍƠ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏÍ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÇỜÑ̉ÎÙÅ ×Ù̉ÁÖÅÎÉÑ, ỠÉÔÙ×ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÙÅ Ó̀Ï×Á <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> É
+ÁÓÓÏĂÉÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ. íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ Ë DNS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ; Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> É ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ƠÄÁ̀ÑÅÍÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÍĐ ÆÁỀÏ× ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÅÓ̀É ÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ××ÏÄ ÚÁË̉ÙÔ. üÔÏ
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÏĐÁÓÎÏÅ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ Ó ĐÁËÅÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÔÏ
+ÍÏÇ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ÂÅÚ ÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+đÏÄÏÂÎÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, ÏÎÉ
+×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÑÀÔ ÈÜÛ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ/ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ SMBus ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ĐÁËÅÔÁÈ
+ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÓ̀É
+ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ É ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉË ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙ. üÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÍ ÏÔ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> É̀É × DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ: ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á I/O. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ``m'' É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃ÅÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (× ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ GNU ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ)
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ×Å̉ÓÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×ÍÅÓÔÏ GNU ×Å̉ÓÉÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> ÂÙ̀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ gbde
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ. đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+ÉÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> É Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÍ Ë̀À̃ÏÍ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÙÍ ËÁË ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÁÑ ÓƠÍÍÁ
+MD5 ÏÔ 512 ÂÁÊÔ, Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÍĐÏ× ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. ëÏÇÄÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÑÄ̉Ï. åÓ̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, ÏÎ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ, ÉÎÁ̃Å ÂƠÄÅÔ
+ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ × RFC
+3484, ÅÓ̀É <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. éÎÁ̃Å × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÉ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÏ× Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. đ̉É ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ
+ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÁƠÄÉÏ ÍÉËÛÅ̉Ï×, Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ Đ̉É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+Á ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ chroot Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. óÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, Á ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ, ÅÓ̀É ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ 20030619 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.0.9 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> ÏÔ Bell Labs ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÏÔ 29 ÉÀÎÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ
+ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 7 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.3.1-REL ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 23 ÍÁÑ 2004 ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.15 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.41 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÁÑ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓÅ̀ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ É ÄÅÓÑÔÉ̃ÎÙÍ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÍÉ) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20030324 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.3.3-prerelease ÏÔ 6 ÎÏÑẨÑ,
+2003 ÄÏ 3.4.2-prerelease ÏÔ 28 ÉÀ̀Ñ, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4d ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 371 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ĐÁỖÁÍÉ Ó 001
+ÄÏ 005.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ×
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó textutils 2.1 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ coreutils
+5.2.1 ÏÔ 12 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.6 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ c ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.0.1 RC10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 3 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏ
+ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 9 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.1.1a ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Dogwood ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.6.1p1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ. SSH Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1 ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÁ̉Ï̀À ̃Å̉ÅÚ SSH ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÅÓ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7c ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ Đ̉Å̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, ĐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ OpenBSD ÉÚ OpenBSD 3.5-stable, ÂÙ̀
+ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) É ỔÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÜÔÉ
+ỠÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ. ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÅÊ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. ä̀Ñ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> × <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ÉÚ OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ftp Đ̉ÏËÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ̃Å̉ÅÚ <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> × ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ Ä̀Ñ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× Đ̉Á×É̀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.22 ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.27 Ó
+rhyolite.com. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ RIP MD5
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÀ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÍÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD; ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ
+Sun, Cisco É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.12.10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.11 ÄÏ 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÏÎ ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> ÄÏ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.1.4 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ/ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á, ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎƠÀ
+× FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ
+ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å. đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×
+ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ. đ̉É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Å ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÔÏ̃ÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÏÂÏ̉ÏÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁỔÉÂƠÔ <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> Ä̀Ñ
+distfiles, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ï× ÆÁỀÏ× ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á. üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÇÄÅ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, É Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÎÅ×Å̉ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ù.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÆÁỀÁ:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÅÅ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÎÙÅ Ó̀ỠÁÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÓỔÅÔÉÔØÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ĐÏ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉÉ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó 4.x É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÓỔƠÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉Ï× ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ É
+×ÙÂÏ̉Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÏÔÏẨÁÚÉÔ (×ÓÅ) docbook DTD Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 3.0. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÛÁẦÏÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ ÓÂÏÊÎÙÈ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-S</var> Ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÆÉËÓÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-j</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÁ
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ × FreeBSD ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ̃ÁÓÔØ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÓÏẨÁÔØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ ÂÅÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ
+ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD
+Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÂƠÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.1.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.
+üÔÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔ ÂÁÚƠ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯƠÀ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ƠÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, É ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ÎÉÈ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å X Window System ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
+̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ,
+ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ,
+̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-pc98.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-pc98.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8cd5ff776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-pc98.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2336 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/pc98 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/pc98
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.2.1-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD.
+đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ NEC PC-98x1. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.2.1-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+ÏÎÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÀ Æ̀ÁÇÏ× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÉÈ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Đ̉É
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÓÎÉÍËÁ (ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ) ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ setuid ÂÉÔÁ ÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ, ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÎÅÄÏ×Å̉ÑÅÍÏÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, ÇÄÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ É ̃̀ÅÎÁÍ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÅ System V Shared Memory (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). üÔÁ
+ÏÛÉÂËÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÎÅ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ
+ỠÁÓÔËÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÉÍ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë
+̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
+Ó×ÏÊ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÎÁ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÙ jail, É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÎÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ É ÚÁĐÉÓØ Ë ÆÁỀÁÍ É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ jail. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ DoS ÁÔÁËÁ Ó ÎÉÚËÉÍ ỔÁÆÉËÏÍ ÎÁ TCP ÓÔÅË FreeBSD ÂÙ̀Á Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× ×ÎÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ
+ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ ÎỜÅ×ÏÇÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÅ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Ë̉ÁÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÈ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÁÚƠ × ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ (DoS). âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ÓÏËÅÔÁ IPv6 × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ
+×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ĐÁÎÉËƠ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ
+ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÇ̀Ï Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ËÏÄÅ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. ïÎÉ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ, Á Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Å Đ̉É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅ Ë CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑÍ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ × <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍƠ,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÎÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉ̀ÁÓØ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÁÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÍÉ
+realm. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ỠÁÓÔËÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ĂÅ̀ÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØÀ ËÜÛÁ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
+×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÅÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÀ <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐÏÂÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ÉÚ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ.
+đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÁÑ ÓÅÍÁÎÔÉËÁ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, ÍÏÇƠÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, ÅÓ̀É ÉÈ ÎÅ ÂÅÓĐÏËÏÉÔ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÍÁÎÉĐỜÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÁẦÉĂÁÍÉ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÉÚ jail. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× Linux,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÍÏÇ ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ÍÏÇƠƯÉÈ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
+̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, DoS, É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ; ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ÑÄ̉Á Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+üÔÏ ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ẦÏËÉ̉ƠÀƯÉÈ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÀÔÓÑ, ÅÓ̀É ĐÏÔÏË, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÉÔ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ
+ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ Đ̉É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ i386.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÏÚ̉Á̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ç̉ÁÎÉĂ × ÔÅÇÅ DMA Đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ
+ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï×, É <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> ÂƠÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓẨÏÓ ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï× ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍÏÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ
+ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ. óÔÁ̉ÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+ÓÏ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ raw ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ÉÚÎƠỔÉ jail. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ÉÚÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ mount, unmount É up/down ÓÔÁÔƠÓ NFS.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, KDB. ïÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ GDB,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, run-length encoding compression, É ÔÁË
+ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, É ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ, × ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ. âÙ̀É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> É <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ DDB ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+pre-linker symbol lookups, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É KLD symbol lookups ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ GDB Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Á
+ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD. ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÔÅÍ × Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Å GDB ÅÓÔØ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB ÄÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ É ×ÓÅÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË É̀É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ
+Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÑ. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĂÅ̀ÅÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ. ÷ÓÅ ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ É̀É ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. ÷ ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË ÍÏÖÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÊÔÉ, ÚÁĐÉÓÁ× × sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+ïÎÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ, ÂƠÄƠÔ É̀É ÎÅÔ IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ CPU ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÎÙ
+Đ̉É ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ×ÎƠỔÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ MAC Framework, ÚÁƯÉƯÁÑ ÏÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ É
+×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉË MAC.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ É Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̉Á×É̀. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ
+ÎÅƠÄÁ̃ÎÙÅ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ mbuma, Mbuf É Cluster Á̀̀ÏËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Å
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ UMA. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ, ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ. íÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+Ë̀ÁÓÔÅ̉Ï× ĐÏ Đ̉ÅÖÎÅÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> × ÎỜØ.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÍÏÄỜÅÊ
+ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ, ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, ÍÏÇ̀É
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̃ÉÔÁÅÍÙÍÉ Đ̉É ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ, ÂÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">MP_WATCHDOG</var>; ÏÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ CPU ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ watchdog Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÁ
+× ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË É/É̀É ÇÅÎÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ NMI ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁ×ÛÅÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ơ, ÅÓ̀É ÑÄ̉Ï ÎÅ ÏÔ×Å̃ÁÅÔ. ä̀Ñ
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ watchdog ×ÎÅ ĐÏÔÏËÁ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ sysctl; Ä̀Ñ ÓẨÏÓÁ
+ÔÁÊÍÅ̉Á × watchdog Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÔËÁ. åÓ̀É ÔÁÊÍÅ̉ ÎÅ ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ÍÅÔËÅ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ÄÅÓÑÔÉ ÓÅËƠÎÄ, ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÁÊÍÁƠÔ. đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ watchdog ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.watchdog_cpu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.leak_schedlock</var>. ïÎÁ
+ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏẨÁÂÏỖÉË sysctl, ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÚÁẦÏËÉ̉Ï×Á×ÛÉÊ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË, ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÉÔØ
+ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ watchdog, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">MP_WATCHDOG</var> option.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Giant Đ̉É ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ
+FreeBSD, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁ Ó̃ÅÔ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ É
+ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖÅË Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÑÈ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ƠÚ̀Á
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, É ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ IPX/SPX Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ Ó Giant, É̀É Ë
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÉÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÁ Giant.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. ïÎ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ debug.mpsafenet ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), É
+Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÎÅÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ, É̀É
+ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ËÏÎÓÅ̉×ÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï dev sysctl ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ devclass Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. ïÎÁ ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ, É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ × <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ É ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ ÛÉÎÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÑ × ÛÉÎÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+× <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ULE ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ÑÄ̉Å <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ỔÁÄÉĂÉÏÎÎÙÊ 4BSD. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ ×ÏÚ̉ÏÓ̀Á ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+``Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËÏ×'' É ``̉Ù×ËÏ×'' × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÓÉ̀ØÎÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÅÎ.
+üÔÏ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø Đ̉É
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ CPU. îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Ó SMP, ULE ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Ï̃Å̉ÅÄÉ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ CPU, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CPU affinity, CPU binding, É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ HyperThreading, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×Ơ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÊ × ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ. đ̉É Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ
+fine-grained kernel locking, Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÅ
+ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÙ.</p>
+
+<p>́ÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ĐÏÉÓËÁ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ
+O(log n), ÓỔÏÑƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔƠ × ×ÉÄÅ ÄÅ̉Å×Á. ïÎ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÎÉÖÁÅÔ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> ×Ï
+ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÎÑÈ É̀É ÔÙÓÑ̃ÁÈ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> ÂÙ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ×
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ̀ÉÎËÏ×ƯÉË FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> Ë ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ Ç̀ÏÂÁ̀ØÎÙÈ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. üÔÏÔ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë
+ĐÏÔÏËƠ; ÏÄÉÎ ĐÏÔÏË, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀƯÉÊ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ, ÎÅ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ̀ÀÂÏÍ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ĐÏÔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ËÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á, ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÄÅÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ̉Ù, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ
+ËÏÄÁ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ÜË̉ÁÎÏ× É ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÊ Ñ̉ËÏÓÔØÀ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+×ÉÄÅÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Cronyx Tau-PCI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">dgb</tt> (DigiBoard intelligent serial card) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ. åÇÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÏÊ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=digi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">digi</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×Á̀ÏÓØ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">dgb</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (ÄÉÓË RAIDframe ÉÚ NetBSD) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. ÷
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ, É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙÍ ĐÏÄ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API ×
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>úÁĐÉÓØ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÆÁỀÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÁ ÚÁĐÉÓØ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ Ä̀ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">sx</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ Specialix I/O8+ É
+I/O4+ intelligent multiport serial controllers.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ËÏÎÓÏ̀É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÓÔÏ× USB Ë RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx É CY7C640/1xx, ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS Đ̉ÉÅÍÎÉËÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ É Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ÜÔÉÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ). üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÎ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ × ÎÅÍ ÅƯÅ ÎÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ĐÏÔÏËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ. ó̉ÅÄÉ
+Đ̉Ï̃ÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ: ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÅ
+(major) ÎÏÍÅ̉Á (×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×). ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ ĐÏ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ Ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. îÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × API Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÎÏ×ÏÅ ĐÏ̀Å <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔ) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á CVS DRI Project ÏÔ 26 ÍÁÑ
+2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÅ PCI ID É ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô ÂÙ̀É ̉ÅÏ̉ÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> ÜÔÏ ÏÂƯÉÊ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉, Á <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> ÜÔÏ
+Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ÍÏÄÉÆÉĂÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> Đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× mixer ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ É Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁ̀Á ÖÅÓÔËÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ É MCAP Ä̀Ñ ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÁÍ RFC 2734
+É RFC 3146 IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire É ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× sysctl, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, É ÜÔÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ sysctl ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ÎÁÄ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ× Ethernet,
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">hea</tt> (Efficient Networks, Inc. ENI-155p ATM
+adapter) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ. åÇÏ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ×
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÅ Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ (checksum offload) ÎÁ
+Đ̉ÉÅÍ/ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ËÏÍĐÅÎÓÉ̉ƠÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎƠÀ ÓƠÍÍƠ Ä̀Ñ UDP ÄÅÊÔÁÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÄÅ̀Á̀Á ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> ×
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÈÓÑ Ë ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ multicast É promiscuous
+̉ÅÖÉÍÏ× × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï×, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ Davicom DM9601 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̃ÉĐ VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ TX ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ̀Á ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ É ƠÍÅÎØÛÁ̀Á ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÏ. ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (ÚÁ
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔƠÎÎÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ WCCP ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Á ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁ Ë ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÁ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ
+Ï̃ÅÎØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ï× Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ (BGP) Ä̀Ñ ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó ĐÏÄÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÙÍÉ É̀É
+ÎÅÍÁ̉ÛÔƠÔÉÚÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÍÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍÉ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÏ×. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+ÜÔÏ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÅ Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ
+×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÁ Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Ë ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. åÓ̀É ÓÅÔØ
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓƠ, Ó
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÏÎ Đ̉ÉÛÅ̀. ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ É ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÎÅ
+ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÁÀÔ, ĐÁËÅÔ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, Ä̀Ñ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÉ ÓÏ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ
+ID. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ë TCP É UDP ĐÁËÅÔÁÍ.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× (lookup tables), ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+̉ÁÚÎÙÈ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÓỔÏÅÎÏ × ÑÄ̉Ï ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× IP. đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ, Đ̉É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">1</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Á Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">2</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ IP
+ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ IPsec ÏÔ KAME Project. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÂÙ̀É
+Ó×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ó ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ ÂÙ̀É
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇ̀É ÓÔÁÔØ Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ É̀É ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀Å Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜËÚÅÍĐ̀Ñ̉Ï× ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> Đ̉É×ÑÚËƠ
+Ë ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó RFC 1483 ATM LLC ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÓÔƠÀ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËƠ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ËÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉ Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ôÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÀ × ÓÔÉ̀Å Cisco, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó RFC
+1490 × ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÈ frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> Ë
+Ï̉ÉÇÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍƠ ÍÏÄỜÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ̀ÉÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ Netgraph, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÎÏÇÏ
+Đ̉É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÔÉ̀Ñ ƠÚ̀Ï× Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> Ó
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÁ × ÑÄ̉Ï, É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÆÉ̀ØỔÁĂÉÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÏËÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ơ×ÅÄÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ
+ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï. LQM, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × RFC 1989, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ PPP ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÂÙ̀Ï ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, É̀É <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÏẨÁÔÎƠÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ;
+ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, Á ÎÅ <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, É ÎÅ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, É <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ MSS (ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ĐÏÔÏËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀƯÉÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÅ̀ËÉÈ TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× × ËÏ̉ÏÔËÉÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ (̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, Đ̉Å×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀,
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓẨÏÛÅÎÙ. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÚÁƯÉÔƠ ÏÔ ĂÅ̀ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÉÓ̃Å̉ĐÙ×ÁÀƯÉÈ
+̉ÅÓỞÓÙ ÁÔÁË.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄ). üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÍÁÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> É <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ TCP Ä̀Ñ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ TCP ÓÅÓÓÉÊ. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ TCP-MD5 Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÂÏÔËÁ reset × TCP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓ̀ÏÖÎÉÔØ reset ÁÔÁËÉ ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ,
+ÎÁÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÛÉ̉Ï̃ÁÊÛÉÍ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎÏÍ TCP
+ÓÔÅËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ RFC 1948 ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ. ëÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ × Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÏÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÖÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ISN ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÅ ``ÜÆÅÍÅ̉ÎÏÅ'' ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ (random ephemeral port
+allocation), Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÅÅ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 2018. üÔÏ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ TCP ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍÉ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÍÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×. SACK
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ Ë ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÄÅÔÅËÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ master/slave ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ
+Ó ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Promise command sequencer, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÈ
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ Promise SX4/SX4000 ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ``ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÇÏ'' Promise ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á; ATA RAID ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ó
+ỞÏ×ÎÑÍÉ RAID0, RAID1 É RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÁ CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á Đ̀ÏÔÎÏÓÔÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fd</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÀ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÏÄÉÎ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ RAID3 É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ RAID0. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Ë̀ÁÓÓÅ
+ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ: ``fast'' É ``economic''. ÷ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ï̃ÅÎØ
+ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ ÓỔÁÊĐÁ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ ××ÏÄÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ ÄÉÓËƠ ×
+ÓỔÁÊĐÅ; ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÉẦÉÚÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ × 10 ̉ÁÚ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÁÊĐÏ× ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÅÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍ
+economic É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ RAID0. èÏÔÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍ fast ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏÎ
+ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ. đƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> × 0 ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ̉ÅÖÉÍ economic, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ̉ÁÚ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á
+ĐÁÍÑÔÉ, ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÍÏÇÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ GEOM Gate, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). ïÎ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÈ ÎÅ Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎÎÙÅ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÓÅÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÏË ÔÏÍÏ× ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), É ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù GUID Partition Table (GPT) É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ RAID1. ä̀Ñ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
+ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ATAPI MMC É Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉ ÔÏÍÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ỔÁÎÓÆÏ̉ÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ 5.x. âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ LSI-type Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ EXT2FS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× (&gt;
+4GB). ₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÚÁË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+É̀É ÎÁ ÔÅÈ, ÇÄÅ × ÓƠĐÅ̉ẦÏËÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÁÎÉËÁ × NFSv4 Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ; ÏÎÁ Ó̀ỠÁ̀ÁÓØ Đ̉É ĐÏĐÙÔËÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ NFSv3/NFSv2 ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ, ̃ÅÍ 128GB. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ,
+̃ÔÏ ÏÎ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 32 ÂÁÊÔÁ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ; ÅÇÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ̃ÅÔËÏ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÍÅÎÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1 ÍÉ̀̀ÉÏÎÏÍ ÆÁỀÏ× ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ. üËÓĐÏ̉Ô
+ÜÔÉÈ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏ NFS ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ SMBFS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ SMB ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ÁÔÁËÉ
+``man in the middle'' É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍ Windows 2003 × ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÎÉÖÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÅÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ; ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ KAME ÏÔ 7
+ÉÀÎÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏÔ ÉÍĐÏ̉Ô ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ ABI × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> É ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ÂÙ̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ALTQ. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.31 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ SSDT. äÁÍĐ É̀É ÄÉÚÁÓÓÅÍẦÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ DSDT ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÁẦÉĂ, ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-f</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÄÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ, ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. ä̀Ñ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ Ë <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
+ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> É <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <var class="LITERAL">set</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔ/ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔ ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÑÄ̉Á, ÎÁ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. üÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Ë tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ Ä×Á ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> É <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÊ, ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É
+ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. ̣ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅÍ
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ × ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀Å. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÉËÏ× ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Đ̉É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÉ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÄÁ̃, ÚÁĐ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, É <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÈ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÏÅ Ó̀Ï×Ï <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÔ ×
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ PID ÆÁỀÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Á ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ËÏÎ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, É̀É Đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> Ó <var class="OPTION">sync</var> Đ̉É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+××ÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-c</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ×Ù×ÏÄƠ ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> É ÎÅÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÇÏ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD É
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏ̉Ô <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-P</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ (ÎÅ × ÆÁỀÙ É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔÙ). á̉ÇƠÍÅÎÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> É̀É <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ × EEPROM É̀É NVRAM. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÁÑ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ó Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdcontrol</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdformat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdformat</span>(1)</span></a>, É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdread</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × FreeBSD/pc98.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×Å̉ÓÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁỀÏ× Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ̀É Ç̀ƠÂÉÎÁ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏÊ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ĐÏÉÓËÁ <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉É ÏÔË̉ÙÔÉÉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ UID
+ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, Á ÎÅ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ỔÁÆÉËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> Ó
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÁ ĐÏ ÉÅ̉Á̉ÈÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐÅ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó GUID ÔÁẦÉĂÅÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. åÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <var class="OPTION">add</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÍÅÔËÉ MAC ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÎÁ ̀ÅÔƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÓÔÁÔƠÓ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ (Ô.Å. Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1500 ÂÁÊÔ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÈ).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍ ỞÏ×ÎÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-n</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅÔÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ̀ÀÂÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
+Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÑÄ̉Á</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-u</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï IPC
+ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁÈ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÈ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-b</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ É
+ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á, ÉÓË̀À̃ÁÑ ÔÅ̀Ï Đ̉Á×É̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ĐÏÄ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ Ï̃ÉƯÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, É <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐƠÓËÏÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ×
+jail ĐÏÄ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ÑÄ̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ÍÏÄỜÑÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ, Á ÎÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ID ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ (É ÎÏ×ÙÊ API) Ä̀Ñ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ× × ÏÄÎÏÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ.
+óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ API ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ × ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ
+É ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ Á̉ÈÉ×ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÅ Ä̀Ñ PC98 ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á FreeBSD. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉Ơ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ FreeBSD, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀƯÉÊ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ É ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ĐÅ̉×ÏÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË <b class="APPLICATION">libkse</b>, ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÜÔÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í i386, amd64 É ia64. đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> <var
+class="OPTION">-pthread</var> ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÚ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×,
+ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÓÙ̀ÏË <b class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b> É/É̀É <b
+class="APPLICATION">libkse</b> ÎÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ NVIDIA Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+× ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÅÓÔØ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ƠÀ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËƠ <b
+class="APPLICATION">libc_r</b>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ 1:1 (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×). ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> Ó
+Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ 1:1, É ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ M:N.
+ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÉÎƠÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ M:N (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÅ <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, Á</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÅ <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÁË ÍỜØÔÉÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+Ó ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁËÉÅ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÍÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÄÉ̉ÅËÔÉ×Ơ <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ POSIX-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="LITERAL">+</var> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÈ ÓỔÏËÁÈ <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÏËÉ ÄÁÖÅ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ Đ̉É ×ÙÚÏ×Å ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÍÅƯÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ × ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÁË ÜÔÏÇÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ POSIX. üÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ×ÓÅ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ make, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (Ë̉ÏÍÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜËÓË̀ÀÚÉ×ÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÉ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ make). đÏÍÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ×Ï
+×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ make, Ë̉ÏÍÅ ËÁË ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ÏË C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ÍÁË̉ÏÓ Ä̀Ñ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Ä̀Ñ float, double É long double.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ GNU Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ̉ÏÔÁĂÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ̉ÏÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ĐÏÓÙ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÁÔØ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀, É ÎÁËÏÎÅĂ ×ÓÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ,
+ÓÖÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÂÏ̉Á ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× ÉÚ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ UTF-8 ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ
+×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÅÊ. üÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀Ø Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÈ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ỠÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÅÇÏ × Đ̉Á×É̀ÁÈ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ ̃̀ÅÎÓÔ×Ï × ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÁÈ, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ MAC multilabel Æ̀ÁÇÁ ÎÁ
+ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÂÅÚ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ĐÏĐÙÔËÁÈ ×ÈÏÄÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> ÓÔÁ̀
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ NSS ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ̉ÅÛÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ NSS ÍÏÄỜÅÊ (ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) É Ç̉ƠĐĐ Ó Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ̃̀ÅÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÁ BSD-̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÁ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÏÇÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÉÅ ÉÈ NetBSD. ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍĐÁ (core) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-N</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÑÄ̉Á (kernel) ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ỠÅÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ RADIUS ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' Ä̀Ñ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó
+ÎÉÚ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÍ ƠÚ̀ÏÍ Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> Ó POSIX/SUSv3.
+üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ×,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Ï×, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔÎÁ <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Ç̉ƠĐĐ, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÏÔÉ×ÏĐÏ̀ÏÖÎÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, É ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÅ̀ËÉÅ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, Đ̉É ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ø ÎÁ ÆÁỀ Ó
+ÚÁÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÍ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÅÍƠ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏÍ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÇỜÑ̉ÎÙÅ ×Ù̉ÁÖÅÎÉÑ, ỠÉÔÙ×ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÙÅ Ó̀Ï×Á <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> É
+ÁÓÓÏĂÉÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ. íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ Ë DNS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ; Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> É ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ƠÄÁ̀ÑÅÍÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÍĐ ÆÁỀÏ× ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÅÓ̀É ÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ××ÏÄ ÚÁË̉ÙÔ. üÔÏ
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÏĐÁÓÎÏÅ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ Ó ĐÁËÅÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÔÏ
+ÍÏÇ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ÂÅÚ ÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+đÏÄÏÂÎÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, ÏÎÉ
+×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÑÀÔ ÈÜÛ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ/ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ SMBus ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ĐÁËÅÔÁÈ
+ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÓ̀É
+ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ É ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉË ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙ. üÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÍ ÏÔ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> É̀É × DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ: ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á I/O. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ``m'' É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃ÅÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (× ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ GNU ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ)
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ×Å̉ÓÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×ÍÅÓÔÏ GNU ×Å̉ÓÉÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> ÂÙ̀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ gbde
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ. đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+ÉÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> É Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÍ Ë̀À̃ÏÍ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÙÍ ËÁË ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÁÑ ÓƠÍÍÁ
+MD5 ÏÔ 512 ÂÁÊÔ, Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÍĐÏ× ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. ëÏÇÄÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÑÄ̉Ï. åÓ̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, ÏÎ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ, ÉÎÁ̃Å ÂƠÄÅÔ
+ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ × RFC
+3484, ÅÓ̀É <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. éÎÁ̃Å × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÉ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÏ× Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. đ̉É ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ
+ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÁƠÄÉÏ ÍÉËÛÅ̉Ï×, Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ Đ̉É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+Á ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ chroot Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. óÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, Á ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ, ÅÓ̀É ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ 20030619 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.0.9 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> ÏÔ Bell Labs ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÏÔ 29 ÉÀÎÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ
+ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 7 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.3.1-REL ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 23 ÍÁÑ 2004 ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.15 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.41 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÁÑ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓÅ̀ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ É ÄÅÓÑÔÉ̃ÎÙÍ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÍÉ) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20030324 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.3.3-prerelease ÏÔ 6 ÎÏÑẨÑ,
+2003 ÄÏ 3.4.2-prerelease ÏÔ 28 ÉÀ̀Ñ, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4d ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 371 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ĐÁỖÁÍÉ Ó 001
+ÄÏ 005.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ×
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó textutils 2.1 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ coreutils
+5.2.1 ÏÔ 12 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.6 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ c ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.0.1 RC10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 3 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏ
+ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 9 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.1.1a ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Dogwood ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.6.1p1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ. SSH Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1 ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÁ̉Ï̀À ̃Å̉ÅÚ SSH ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÅÓ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7c ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ Đ̉Å̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, ĐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ OpenBSD ÉÚ OpenBSD 3.5-stable, ÂÙ̀
+ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) É ỔÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÜÔÉ
+ỠÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ. ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÅÊ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. ä̀Ñ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> × <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ÉÚ OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ftp Đ̉ÏËÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ̃Å̉ÅÚ <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> × ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ Ä̀Ñ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× Đ̉Á×É̀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.22 ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.27 Ó
+rhyolite.com. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ RIP MD5
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÀ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÍÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD; ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ
+Sun, Cisco É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.12.10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.11 ÄÏ 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÏÎ ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> ÄÏ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.1.4 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ/ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á, ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎƠÀ
+× FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ
+ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å. đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×
+ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ. đ̉É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Å ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÔÏ̃ÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÏÂÏ̉ÏÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁỔÉÂƠÔ <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> Ä̀Ñ
+distfiles, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ï× ÆÁỀÏ× ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á. üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÇÄÅ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, É Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÎÅ×Å̉ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ù.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÆÁỀÁ:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÅÅ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÎÙÅ Ó̀ỠÁÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÓỔÅÔÉÔØÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ĐÏ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉÉ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó 4.x É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÓỔƠÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉Ï× ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ É
+×ÙÂÏ̉Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÏÔÏẨÁÚÉÔ (×ÓÅ) docbook DTD Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 3.0. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÛÁẦÏÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ ÓÂÏÊÎÙÈ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-S</var> Ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÆÉËÓÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-j</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÁ
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÂÙ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÅ̉ÅÓÍÏỔÅÎ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÁË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ÑÄ̉Ï, ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä×Á ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ). üÔÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ỜỠÛÁÅÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÀƯƠÀÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÖÅ ÑÄ̉Ï (É, ÔÁËÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ, ÔÏ ÖÅ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ), ̃ÔÏ É Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó CDROM. ởÅÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï <tt
+class="FILENAME">MFSROOT</tt> ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ ÎƠÖÎÏ, É ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">mfsroot</tt>
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÄỜÅÊ ÑÄ̉Á. ïẨÁÚÙ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">driver.flp</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÀÔÓÑ É ÎÅ ÓÏÂÉ̉ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ × FreeBSD ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ̃ÁÓÔØ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÓÏẨÁÔØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ ÂÅÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ
+ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD
+Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÂƠÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.1.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.
+üÔÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔ ÂÁÚƠ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯƠÀ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ƠÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, É ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ÎÉÈ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å X Window System ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
+̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ,
+ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ,
+̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-sparc64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-sparc64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f538d3de08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes-sparc64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2285 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/sparc64 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content='text/html; charset="koi8-r"' />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.3-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.5 2004/10/11 12:59:07 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.2.1-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD.
+đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN925">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ UltraSPARC. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.2.1-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>;
+ÏÎÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÀ Æ̀ÁÇÏ× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ë ÉÈ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Đ̉É
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÓÎÉÍËÁ (ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ) ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ setuid ÂÉÔÁ ÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ, ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÎÅÄÏ×Å̉ÑÅÍÏÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-L</var>, ÇÄÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mksnap_ffs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mksnap_ffs</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ É ̃̀ÅÎÁÍ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ <tt
+class="GROUPNAME">operator</tt>. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:01.mksnap_ffs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:01</a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÅ System V Shared Memory (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shmat&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">shmat</span>(2)</span></a>). üÔÁ
+ÏÛÉÂËÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÎÅ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ
+ỠÁÓÔËÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÉÍ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë
+̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:02.sh mat.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:02</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail_attach&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail_attach</span>(2)</span></a>.
+üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
+Ó×ÏÊ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÎÁ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÙ jail, É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÎÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ É ÚÁĐÉÓØ Ë ÆÁỀÁÍ É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ jail. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:03.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:03</a>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ DoS ÁÔÁËÁ Ó ÎÉÚËÉÍ ỔÁÆÉËÏÍ ÎÁ TCP ÓÔÅË FreeBSD ÂÙ̀Á Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× ×ÎÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ
+ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:04.tcp.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:04</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × SSL/TLS ChangeCipherSpec ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ ÎỜÅ×ÏÇÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÅ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Ë̉ÁÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÈ <b
+class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÏÔËÁÚƠ × ÏÂÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ (DoS). âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:05.openssl.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:05</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ÓÏËÅÔÁ IPv6 × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ
+×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setsockopt&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setsockopt</span>(2)</span></a>.
+ïÎÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ĐÁÎÉËƠ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ
+ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ̃ÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÇ̀Ï Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÏÂÈÏÄƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ, É̀É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:06.ipv6.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:06</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ËÏÄÅ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>. ïÎÉ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ, Á Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Å Đ̉É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅ Ë CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑÍ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:07.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:07</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ × <b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b>, ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍƠ,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÎÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉ̀ÁÓØ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÁÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÍÉ
+realm. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:08.heimdal.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:08</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔƠ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÅ ỠÁÓÔËÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:10.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:10</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ĂÅ̀ÏÓÔÎÏÓÔØÀ ËÜÛÁ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
+×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msync&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">msync</span>(2)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÅÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÀ <var class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>. ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ĐÏÂÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ÉÚ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ.
+đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÁÑ ÓÅÍÁÎÔÉËÁ <var
+class="LITERAL">MS_INVALIDATE</var>, ÍÏÇƠÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_msync</var>, ÅÓ̀É ÉÈ ÎÅ ÂÅÓĐÏËÏÉÔ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:11.msync.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:11</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÍÁÎÉĐỜÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÁẦÉĂÁÍÉ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÉÚ jail. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:12.jail.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:12</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× Linux,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÍÏÇ ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:13.linux.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:13</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b>, ÍÏÇƠƯÉÈ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
+̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, DoS, É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> 1.11.17. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:14.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:14</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <var class="LITERAL">CONS_SCRSHOT</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ; ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏ̉ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÏẦÁÓÔÑÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ
+ÑÄ̉Á Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËƠ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ,
+É̀É Ë ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:15.syscons.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:15</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><var class="LITERAL">ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var> ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+üÔÏ ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ẦÏËÉ̉ƠÀƯÉÈ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÀÔÓÑ, ÅÓ̀É ĐÏÔÏË, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÉÔ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ
+ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="VARNAME">ADAPTIVE_GIANT</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ Đ̉É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ i386.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÏÚ̉Á̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ç̉ÁÎÉĂ × ÔÅÇÅ DMA Đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ
+ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï×, É <code class="FUNCTION">bus_dmamap_load()</code> ÂƠÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓẨÏÓ ÂƠÆÅ̉Ï× ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">hw.busdma.*</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bus_dma&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bus_dma</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>
+ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍÏÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÏ ĐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ
+ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ. óÔÁ̉ÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">vm.old_contigmalloc</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+ÓÏ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=contigmalloc&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">contigmalloc</span>(9)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á path <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getvfsent&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getvfsent</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.allow_unsupported_io_range</var>
+ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ raw ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ÉÚÎƠỔÉ jail. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kqueue</span>(2)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ <var class="LITERAL">EVFILT_FS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï× ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ÉÚÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ mount, unmount É up/down ÓÔÁÔƠÓ NFS.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, KDB. ïÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ GDB,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, run-length encoding compression, É ÔÁË
+ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, É ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ, × ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ. âÙ̀É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">options KDB</var>,
+<var class="LITERAL">options GDB</var>, É <var class="LITERAL">options DDB</var>. <var
+class="LITERAL">DDB</var> É <var class="LITERAL">GDB</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ËÁËÉÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+KDB ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">WITNESS_DDB</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">WITNESS_KDB</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_TRACE</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_TRACE</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_UNATTENDED</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">KDB_UNATTENDED</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_DDBKEY</var> ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎ × <var
+class="LITERAL">SC_HISTORY_KDBKEY</var>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">DDB_NOKLDSYM</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ DDB ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+pre-linker symbol lookups, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É KLD symbol lookups ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><var class="LITERAL">GDB_REMOTE_CHAT</var> ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ GDB Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Á
+ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD. ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÔÅÍ × Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Å GDB ÅÓÔØ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>KDB ÄÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ É ×ÓÅÇÏ ËÏÄÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ ÏỒÁÄËÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË É̀É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ
+Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÑ. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ĂÅ̀ÅÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ. ÷ÓÅ ÏỒÁÄÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ É̀É ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.current</var>. óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <var
+class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.available</var>. ÷ ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË ÍÏÖÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÊÔÉ, ÚÁĐÉÓÁ× × sysctl
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.enter</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">debug.kdb.stop_cpus</var>.
+ïÎÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ, ÂƠÄƠÔ É̀É ÎÅÔ IPI (Inter Processor Interrupts) Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ CPU ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÎÙ
+Đ̉É ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉË, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÏỒÁÄ̃ÉËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="LITERAL">MAC_STATIC</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ×ÎƠỔÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ MAC Framework, ÚÁƯÉƯÁÑ ÏÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ É
+×ÙÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉË MAC.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ É Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̉Á×É̀. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_firstmatch_enabled</var>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mac_bsdextended&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mac_bsdextended</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ
+ÎÅƠÄÁ̃ÎÙÅ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × syslog <var class="LITERAL">AUTHPRIV</var>. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">mac_bsdextended_logging</var>.</p>
+
+<p>mballoc ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ mbuma, Mbuf É Cluster Á̀̀ÏËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Å
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ UMA. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ, ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">NMBCLUSTERS</var> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ. íÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+Ë̀ÁÓÔÅ̉Ï× ĐÏ Đ̉ÅÖÎÅÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó <var
+class="LITERAL">maxusers</var>, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">kern.ipc.nmbclusters</var> × ÎỜØ.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mem</tt>, É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/io</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÈ ÍÏÄỜÅÊ
+ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a>,
+×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ, ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">PROT_NONE</var>, ÍÏÇ̀É
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̃ÉÔÁÅÍÙÍÉ Đ̉É ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ, ÂÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</var> ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Giant Đ̉É ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ
+FreeBSD, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁ Ó̃ÅÔ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ É
+ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖÅË Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÑÈ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ƠÚ̀Á
+Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tty&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tty</span>(4)</span></a>, KAME
+IPsec, É ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ IPX/SPX Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ Ó Giant, É̀É Ë
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÉÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÁ Giant.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á, <var class="VARNAME">NET_WITH_GIANT</var>. ïÎ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ debug.mpsafenet ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ (<var class="LITERAL">0</var>), É
+Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÎÅÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ, É̀É
+ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ËÏÎÓÅ̉×ÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï dev sysctl ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ devclass Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo0.bar</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.0.bar</var>, É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ <var
+class="VARNAME">dev.foo.bar</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl, <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.always_console_output</var>. ïÎÁ ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ <var class="VARNAME">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">kern.sched.name</var>, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ, É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.quantum</var> ÂÙ̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ × <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.sched.quantum</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ É ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ ÛÉÎÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÑ × ÛÉÎÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pci</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">hw.pci.do_powerstate</var>
+× <var class="LITERAL">0</var>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ULE ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ÑÄ̉Å <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ỔÁÄÉĂÉÏÎÎÙÊ 4BSD. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ ×ÏÚ̉ÏÓ̀Á ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï
+``Đ̉ÏĐƠÓËÏ×'' É ``̉Ù×ËÏ×'' × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÓÉ̀ØÎÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÅÎ.
+üÔÏ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø Đ̉É
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ CPU. îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Ó SMP, ULE ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Ï̃Å̉ÅÄÉ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ CPU, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CPU affinity, CPU binding, É ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ HyperThreading, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×Ơ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÊ × ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ. đ̉É Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ
+fine-grained kernel locking, Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÅ
+ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ̉ÅÓỞÓÙ.</p>
+
+<p>́ÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ĐÏÉÓËÁ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a>, ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ Á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ
+O(log n), ÓỔÏÑƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔƠ × ×ÉÄÅ ÄÅ̉Å×Á. ïÎ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÎÉÖÁÅÔ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vm_map_findspace&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">vm_map_findspace</span>(9)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mmap&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mmap</span>(2)</span></a> ×Ï
+ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÎÑÈ É̀É ÔÙÓÑ̃ÁÈ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var class="VARNAME">debug.witness_*</var> ÂÙ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ×
+<var class="VARNAME">debug.witness.*</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ̀ÉÎËÏ×ƯÉË FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Thread Local Storage
+(TLS), ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ <var
+class="LITERAL">__thread</var> Ë ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ Ç̀ÏÂÁ̀ØÎÙÈ É ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. üÔÏÔ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏ̉ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÀ Ë
+ĐÏÔÏËƠ; ÏÄÉÎ ĐÏÔÏË, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀƯÉÊ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ, ÎÅ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × ̀ÀÂÏÍ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ĐÏÔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ËÏÄ ÑÄ̉Á, ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÄÅÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ̉Ù, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ
+ËÏÄÁ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ FreeBSD/sparc64, <var class="VARNAME">time_t</var> ÂÙ̀Á ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ Ó 32-ÂÉÔ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ÎÁ 64-ÂÉÔ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÏẨÁÔÎÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÅ, ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÓÏẨÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ 32-ÂÉÔ <var
+class="VARNAME">time_t</var> É ÏẨÁƯÁÀÔÓÑ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">time_t</var>, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÙ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ É
+ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING.64BTT</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi_video&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi_video</span>(4)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ÜË̉ÁÎÏ× É ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÊ Ñ̉ËÏÓÔØÀ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+×ÉÄÅÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ ACPI.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmdm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nmdm</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">raid(4)</tt> (ÄÉÓË RAIDframe ÉÚ NetBSD) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. ÷
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ, É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+ÓÔÁÔØ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙÍ ĐÏÄ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> API ×
+5-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p>úÁĐÉÓØ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcic</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÆÁỀÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÁ ÚÁĐÉÓØ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ Ä̀ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sab&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sab</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ËÏÎÓÏ̀É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucycom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ucycom</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á ÍÏÓÔÏ× USB Ë RS232 Cypress CY7C637xx É CY7C640/1xx, ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × DeLorme Earthmate USB GPS Đ̉ÉÅÍÎÉËÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ É Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ÜÔÉÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ). üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÎ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ × ÎÅÍ ÅƯÅ ÎÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ É ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ĐÏÔÏËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ. ó̉ÅÄÉ
+Đ̉Ï̃ÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ: ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÅ
+(major) ÎÏÍÅ̉Á (×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÓÔÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Ç̀Á×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×). ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ ĐÏ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ Ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. îÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × API Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÎÏ×ÏÅ ĐÏ̀Å <var class="VARNAME">d_version</var> × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+cdevsw</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">meteor</tt> (×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔ) ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á CVS DRI Project ÏÔ 26 ÍÁÑ
+2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÅ PCI ID É ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ Radeon.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô ÂÙ̀É ̉ÅÏ̉ÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ; <var class="LITERAL">device
+sound</var> ÜÔÏ ÏÂƯÉÊ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉, Á <var class="LITERAL">device snd_*</var> ÜÔÏ
+Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <tt class="DEVICENAME">midi</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>, É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a> (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ÍÏÄÉÆÉĂÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> Đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× mixer ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">pcm</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ É Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sound&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sound</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁ̉ÔÙ sparc64 Davicom, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ È̉ÁÎÑÔ Ó×ÏÊ MAC ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwip&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwip</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁ̀Á ÖÅÓÔËÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ É MCAP Ä̀Ñ ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ËÁÎÁ̀Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÁÍ RFC 2734
+É RFC 3146 IP ̃Å̉ÅÚ FireWire É ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× sysctl, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <var class="VARNAME">dev.fxp0</var>, É ÜÔÉ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ sysctl ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ÎÁÄ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ× Ethernet,
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁË <var class="LITERAL">VLAN_MTU</var>. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÅ Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vlan</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ Ethernet MTU.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ TCP/UDP Transmit/Receive ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËƠ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ (checksum offload) ÎÁ
+Đ̉ÉÅÍ/ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ËÏÍĐÅÎÓÉ̉ƠÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎƠÀ ÓƠÍÍƠ Ä̀Ñ UDP ÄÅÊÔÁÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ <var
+class="LITERAL">0x0</var>, UDP ̉ÁÚÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="OPTION">link0</var> ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel PRO/10GBE 10 Gigabit Ethernet. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÄÅ̀Á̀Á ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ VLAN. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a> ×
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÈÓÑ Ë ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ multicast É promiscuous
+̉ÅÖÉÍÏ× × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï×, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ Davicom DM9601 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̃ÉĐ VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ
+10/100/1000 copper PHY.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ TX ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓƠÍÍÙ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ̀Á ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ É ƠÍÅÎØÛÁ̀Á ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÏ. ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> (ÚÁ
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>).
+[MERGED]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔƠÎÎÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ WCCP ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">versrcreach</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Á ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁ Ë ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÁ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ
+Ï̃ÅÎØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ï× Ó ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÁÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ ×
+ÔÁẦÉĂÅ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ (BGP) Ä̀Ñ ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó ĐÏÄÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÙÍÉ É̀É
+ÎÅÍÁ̉ÛÔƠÔÉÚÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÍÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍÉ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÏ×. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉,</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not versrcreach
+</pre>
+
+ÜÔÏ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓÅ Cisco IOS: 
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">antispoof</var>, Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÁ
+×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÁ Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÎÏÓÔØ Ë ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. åÓ̀É ÓÅÔØ
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓƠ, Ó
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÏÎ Đ̉ÉÛÅ̀. ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ É ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ ÎÅ
+ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÁÀÔ, ĐÁËÅÔ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+deny ip from any to any not antispoof in
+</pre>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="LITERAL">jail</var>, Ä̀Ñ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÉ ÓÏ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ
+ID. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+count ip from any to any jail 2
+</pre>
+
+éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ë TCP É UDP ĐÁËÅÔÁÍ.
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× (lookup tables), ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+̉ÁÚÎÙÈ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ×. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">forward</var> ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÓỔÏÅÎÏ × ÑÄ̉Ï ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var
+class="LITERAL">IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</var>.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.process_options</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× IP. đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <var
+class="LITERAL">0</var> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ, Đ̉É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">1</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ IP ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Á Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ × <var class="LITERAL">2</var> ×ÓÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ IP
+ÏÔẨÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ ICMP filter prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ IPsec ÏÔ KAME Project. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÂÙ̀É
+Ó×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ó ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ ÂÙ̀É
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇ̀É ÓÔÁÔØ Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ É̀É ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÓ̀Å Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ
+Security Policy Database (SPD).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜËÚÅÍĐ̀Ñ̉Ï× ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">globalports</var>. ïÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=natd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">natd</span>(8)</span></a> Đ̉É×ÑÚËƠ
+Ë ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_atmllc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_atmllc</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó RFC 1483 ATM LLC ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_hub&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_hub</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÓÔƠÀ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËƠ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ËÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉ Ethernet.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ôÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_rfc1490&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_rfc1490</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎËÁĐÓỜÑĂÉÀ × ÓÔÉ̀Å Cisco, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó RFC
+1490 × ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÈ frame relay.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_sppp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netgraph&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netgraph</span>(4)</span></a> Ë
+Ï̉ÉÇÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍƠ ÍÏÄỜÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÎÙÈ ̀ÉÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ Netgraph, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÎÏÇÏ
+Đ̉É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÔÉ̀Ñ ƠÚ̀Ï× Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_tee&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_tee</span>(4)</span></a> Ó
+4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÔÉĐ ƠÚ̀Á Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_vlan&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_vlan</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <var class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÁ × ÑÄ̉Ï, É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÆÉ̀ØỔÁĂÉÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <var
+class="LITERAL">PFIL_HOOKS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÏËÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ơ×ÅÄÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ
+ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÁ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï. LQM, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × RFC 1989, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ PPP ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÏÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÂÙ̀Ï ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stf</span>(4)</span></a> Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, É̀É <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">6to4</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÏẨÁÔÎƠÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ;
+ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø <tt class="COMMAND">ifconfig stf</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf</tt>, Á ÎÅ <tt class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt>, É ÎÅ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">stf0</tt> ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ: RFC 3042 (Limited Retransmit),
+RFC 3390 (increased initial congestion window sizes), TCP bandwidth-delay product
+limiting. ä̀Ñ ÜÔÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3042</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>, É <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable</var>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ MSS (ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmss</var>) É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÅ
+ĐÏÔÏËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÀƯÉÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÍÅ̀ËÉÈ TCP ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ× × ËÏ̉ÏÔËÉÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ (̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.minmssoverload</var>). óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, Đ̉Å×ÙÓÉ×ÛÉÅ ÜÔÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀,
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓẨÏÛÅÎÙ. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÚÁƯÉÔƠ ÏÔ ĂÅ̀ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÉÓ̃Å̉ĐÙ×ÁÀƯÉÈ
+̉ÅÓỞÓÙ ÁÔÁË.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ TCP ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ RFC 2385 (TCP-MD5) digest (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄ). üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÍÁÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á <var
+class="LITERAL">TCP_SIGNATURE</var> É <var class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</var>, Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ TCP Ä̀Ñ ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ TCP ÓÅÓÓÉÊ. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setkey&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">setkey</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ TCP-MD5 Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÁÓÓÏĂÉÁĂÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÂÏÔËÁ reset × TCP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓ̀ÏÖÎÉÔØ reset ÁÔÁËÉ ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ,
+ÎÁÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÛÉ̉Ï̃ÁÊÛÉÍ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎÏÍ TCP
+ÓÔÅËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ RFC 1948 ÂÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ. ëÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ × Initial Sequence
+Number (ISN) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÏÅ ĐÏ̀ÏÖÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ISN ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÅ ``ÜÆÅÍÅ̉ÎÏÅ'' ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ (random ephemeral port
+allocation), Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÅÅ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÏ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <var class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ TCP Selective Acknowledgements (SACK), ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 2018. üÔÏ
+Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ TCP ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍÉ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÍÉ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×. SACK
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <var
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.tcp.sack.enable</var>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cardbus&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cardbus</span>(4)</span></a>
+ATA/SATA.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ Ë ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÄÅÔÅËÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ master/slave ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É Ë Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ
+Ó ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Promise command sequencer, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÈ
+Promise (PDC203** PDC206**).</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ Promise SX4/SX4000 ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ``ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÇÏ'' Promise ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á; ATA RAID ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ó
+ỞÏ×ÎÑÍÉ RAID0, RAID1 É RAID0+1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var>, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÁ CAM SCSI (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cam</span>(4)</span></a>) ÂÙ̀
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÍÏÇ̀Á Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë Đ̉Å̉Ù×ÁÎÉÀ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_CONCAT</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× × ÏÄÉÎ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_NOP</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_RAID3</var> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ RAID3 É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=graid3&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">graid3</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_STRIPE</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ RAID0. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Ë̀ÁÓÓÅ
+ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ: ``fast'' É ``economic''. ÷ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ï̃ÅÎØ
+ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ ÓỔÁÊĐÁ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ ××ÏÄÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ ÄÉÓËƠ ×
+ÓỔÁÊĐÅ; ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÉẦÉÚÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ × 10 ̉ÁÚ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÁÊĐÏ× ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÅÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍ
+economic É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ RAID0. èÏÔÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍ fast ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏÎ
+ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ. đƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.fast</var> × 0 ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ̉ÅÖÉÍ economic, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ̉ÁÚ. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á
+ĐÁÍÑÔÉ, ĐÏỔÅẦÑÅÍÏÇÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ fast, ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">kern.geom.stripe.maxmem</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ GEOM Gate, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GATE</var> É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ GEOM Gate (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatel</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggatec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggatec</span>(8)</span></a>, and
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>). ïÎ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÈ ÎÅ Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎÎÙÅ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÓÅÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_LABEL</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÔÏË ÔÏÍÏ× ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË UFS, MSDOSFS (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), É ISO9660.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_GPT</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù GUID Partition Table (GPT) É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÂÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_MIRROR</var>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ RAID1. ä̀Ñ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ñ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gmirror&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gmirror</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</var>, ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
+ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× cloop V2.0.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ Ë̀ÁÓÓ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_VINUM</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Adaptec ServeRAID series SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÄÅ̀Á̀Á ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ ËÁ̉Ô ÎÁ SBus.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ATAPI MMC É Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÉ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>íÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉ ÔÏÍÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vinum&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vinum</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ỔÁÎÓÆÏ̉ÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ 5.x. âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ
+ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ <tt class="COMMAND">gvinum</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=esp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">esp</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ ÉÚ NetBSD Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ SBus SCSI ËÁ̉Ô × ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Sun Ultra 1e É 2.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ LSI-type Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ RAID.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ EXT2FS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× (&gt;
+4GB). ₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÚÁË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ <var class="LITERAL">EXT2_DYN_REV</var>
+É̀É ÎÁ ÔÅÈ, ÇÄÅ × ÓƠĐÅ̉ẦÏËÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Æ̀ÁÇ <var
+class="LITERAL">EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÁÎÉËÁ × NFSv4 Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ; ÏÎÁ Ó̀ỠÁ̀ÁÓØ Đ̉É ĐÏĐÙÔËÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ NFSv3/NFSv2 ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á <var class="LITERAL">MSDOSFS_LARGE</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ, ̃ÅÍ 128GB. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ,
+̃ÔÏ ÏÎ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 32 ÂÁÊÔÁ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ; ÅÇÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ̃ÅÔËÏ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó ÍÅÎÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1 ÍÉ̀̀ÉÏÎÏÍ ÆÁỀÏ× ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ. üËÓĐÏ̉Ô
+ÜÔÉÈ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏ NFS ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ SMBFS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ SMB ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ÁÔÁËÉ
+``man in the middle'' É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍ Windows 2003 × ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÄĐÉÓØ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÎÉÖÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÅÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ; ÓÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_smbfs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN925" name="AEN925">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ALTQ framework</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ KAME ÏÔ 7
+ÉÀÎÑ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ. üÔÏÔ ÉÍĐÏ̉Ô ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ ABI × <var class="VARNAME">struct
+ifnet</var> É ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ÂÙ̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ALTQ. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tun&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tun</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.31 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.4.35
+[MERGED].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpidump</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁẦÉĂÙ SSDT. äÁÍĐ É̀É ÄÉÚÁÓÓÅÍẦÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ DSDT ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÁẦÉĂ, ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-f</var> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÄÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdtar</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/tar</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ, ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/bsdtar</tt>. ä̀Ñ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ Ë <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/bin/gtar</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
+ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var class="VARNAME">WITH_GTAR</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">bthidcontrol</tt> É <tt
+class="COMMAND">bthidd</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ Bluetooth HID (Human Interface Device).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">col</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colcrt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colcrt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">colrm</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">column</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fmt</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">join</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rev</span>(1)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tr</span>(1)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ul</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=conscontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">conscontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <var class="LITERAL">set</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔ/ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔ ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. <var
+class="LITERAL">unset</var> ÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=printf&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">printf</span>(9)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÑÄ̉Á, ÎÁ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø. üÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Ë tty ioctl <var
+class="LITERAL">TIOCCONS</var>.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ Ä×Á ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ, <var class="OPTION">-j</var> É <var class="OPTION">-J</var>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÀ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÊ, ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É
+ÓƠĐÅ̉ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. ̣ÁÓÓÉÎÈ̉ÏÎÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅÍ
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ × ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÅ̀Å. üÔÁ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ĐÉËÏ× ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Đ̉É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÉ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÄÁ̃, ÚÁĐ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cut</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="OPTION">-c</var>, <var class="OPTION">-d</var>, É <var class="OPTION">-f</var>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÈ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÁÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÏÅ Ó̀Ï×Ï <var class="OPTION">iso8601</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÔ ×
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ ISO 8601.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">daemon</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ PID ÆÁỀÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">fillchar</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Á ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ËÏÎ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, É̀É Đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <var
+class="OPTION">noerror</var> Ó <var class="OPTION">sync</var> Đ̉É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+××ÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-c</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÉ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=df&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">df</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ×Ù×ÏÄƠ ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-t</var> É ÎÅÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀƯÅÇÏ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> ÂÙ̀Á ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD É
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏ̉Ô <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-P</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ (ÎÅ × ÆÁỀÙ É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔÙ). á̉ÇƠÍÅÎÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">$DUMP_VOLUME</var> É̀É <var
+class="VARNAME">$RESTORE_VOLUME</var> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eeprom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">eeprom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ × EEPROM É̀É NVRAM. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÁÑ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ Ó Open Firmware.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetwln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetwln</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×Å̉ÓÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fgetln&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fgetln</span>(3)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-acl</var> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁỀÏ× Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acl</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-depth <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">n</var></var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÑÅÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ̀É Ç̀ƠÂÉÎÁ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÎÁ̃Á̀ØÎÏÊ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ĐÏÉÓËÁ <var class="REPLACEABLE">n</var>.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+Đ̉É ÏÔË̉ÙÔÉÉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ UID
+ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, Á ÎÅ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ỔÁÆÉËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀Ơ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> Ó
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <var class="LITERAL">uid</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftw</span>(3)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nftw&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nftw</span>(3)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÁ ĐÏ ÉÅ̉Á̉ÈÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐÅ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁÍÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ
+Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a>, ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó GUID ÔÁẦÉĂÅÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <var
+class="OPTION">remove</var>. åÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <var class="OPTION">add</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-i</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ ÎÏÍÅ̉
+Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">id</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÍÅÔËÉ MAC ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ÎÁ ̀ÅÔƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">name</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>
+ÓÔÁÔƠÓ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanmtu</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanmtu</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÈ Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ (Ô.Å. Æ̉ÅÊÍÏ×, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1500 ÂÁÊÔ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÈ).</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">vlanhwtag</var> É <var
+class="OPTION">-vlanhwtag</var>, ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍ ỞÏ×ÎÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-ldi</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ×Ù̉Á×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">indent</span>(1)</span></a> now
+supports <var class="OPTION">-fbs</var> and <var class="OPTION">-ut</var> for function
+declarations with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration of arguments all
+spaces and no tabs in order to fix problem when non-8 space tabs are used.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6fw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6fw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-n</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅÔÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ̀ÀÂÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
+Đ̉Á×É̀Á ÑÄ̉Á</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipcs</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-u</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï IPC
+ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁÈ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÈ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-b</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ É
+ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á, ÉÓË̀À̃ÁÑ ÔÅ̀Ï Đ̉Á×É̀Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ĐÏÄ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×ÎƠỔÉ Ó̉ÅÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ Ï̃ÉÓÔËÉ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷ÓÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ Ï̃ÉƯÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ <var class="VARNAME">HOME</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">SHELL</var>, <var class="VARNAME">PATH</var>, <var
+class="VARNAME">TERM</var>, É <var class="VARNAME">USER</var> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐƠÓËÏÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ×
+jail ĐÏÄ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span></a> Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ
+<var class="OPTION">-l</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ÑÄ̉Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">libgdb</b> É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ÍÏÄỜÑÍÉ ÑÄ̉Á É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kvm&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kvm</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">killall</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-e</var>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ <var
+class="OPTION">-u</var> ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ, Á ÎÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ID ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libalias&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">libalias</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ (É ÎÏ×ÙÊ API) Ä̀Ñ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÏ× × ÏÄÎÏÍ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ.
+óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ API ÂÙ̀ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ × ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libarchive</b> Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ
+É ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ Á̉ÈÉ×ÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libdisk</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <var
+class="VARNAME">d_addr_t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ×. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ É ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉ÏÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 1 TB.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ 1:1 (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×). ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">libpthread</b> Ó
+Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <var class="OPTION">-DSYSTEM_SCOPE_ONLY</var> ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ 1:1, É ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ M:N.
+ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <var class="VARNAME">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE</var>
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÉÎƠÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ M:N (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÅ <var class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var> ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×, Á</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">LIBPTHREAD_PROCESS_SCOPE=yes <var
+class="REPLACEABLE">threaded_app</var></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÅ <var class="OPTION">-d</var> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">look</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÍÉ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÏẨÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÁË ÍỜØÔÉÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï×, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+Ó ÔÅËƠƯÅÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">LC_CTYPE</var>, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁËÉÅ
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÍÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÄÉ̉ÅËÔÉ×Ơ <var class="LITERAL">.warning</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ POSIX-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="LITERAL">+</var> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÈ ÓỔÏËÁÈ <tt
+class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÏËÉ ÄÁÖÅ Đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ <var class="OPTION">-n</var>. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ Đ̉É ×ÙÚÏ×Å ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ
+make.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÍÅƯÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ × ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ <var
+class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÁË ÜÔÏÇÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ POSIX. üÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ×ÓÅ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÅ make, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> (Ë̉ÏÍÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">MAKEFLAGS</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜËÓË̀ÀÚÉ×ÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×
+ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÉ ×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ make). đÏÍÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ×Ï
+×̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ make, Ë̉ÏÍÅ ËÁË ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÆƠÎËĂÉÉ C99 <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nearbyintf&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nearbyintf</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ÏË C99 <tt class="FILENAME">tgmath.h</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ÍÁË̉ÏÓ Ä̀Ñ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ <tt class="FILENAME">math.h</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">complex.h</tt>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Ä̀Ñ float, double É long double.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ GNU Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mbsnrtowcs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mbsnrtowcs</span>(3)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wcsnrtombs&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">wcsnrtombs</span>(3)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÁÄËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË Đ̉É ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ ̉ÏÔÁĂÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ̉ÏÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ĐÏÓÙ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀ ËÁÖÄÏÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÁÔØ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀, É ÎÁËÏÎÅĂ ×ÓÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ̉ÏÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ,
+ÓÖÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nextwctype&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nextwctype</span>(3)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÂÏ̉Á ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× ÉÚ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ä̀Ñ UTF-8 ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ
+×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ̀ÏËÁ̀ÅÊ. üÔÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/utf8locale/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/utf8locale</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀Ø Israel Hebrew <var class="LITERAL">he_IL.UTF-8</var>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">logins</span>(1)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÈ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ỠÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mountd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-p</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô Ä̀Ñ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÅÇÏ × Đ̉Á×É̀ÁÈ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ ̃̀ÅÎÓÔ×Ï × ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ×ÅƯÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÁÈ, ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-l</var> Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ MAC multilabel Æ̀ÁÇÁ ÎÁ
+ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÂÅÚ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tunefs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tunefs</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ĐÏĐÙÔËÁÈ ×ÈÏÄÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÁ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> ÓÔÁ̀
+ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙ̀ËÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ NSS ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÎÅÓÅÎÏ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ̉ÅÛÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ NSS ÍÏÄỜÅÊ (ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/nss_ldap/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/nss_ldap</tt></a>) É Ç̉ƠĐĐ Ó Ä̀ÉÎÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ̃̀ÅÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>÷ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">od</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÅÓÔØ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å POSIX.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patch</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÁ BSD-̀ÉĂÅÎÚÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ÉÚ OpenBSD. ïÎÁ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var
+class="OPTION">--posix</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓỔÏÇÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ POSIX.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pgrep</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkill&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkill</span>(1)</span></a>,
+Đ̉ÉÛÅÄÛÉÅ ÉÈ NetBSD. ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-M</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍĐÁ (core) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/dev/kmem</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-N</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÉÚ ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÑÄ̉Á (kernel) ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set rad_alive <var class="REPLACEABLE">N</var>'' Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ỠÅÔÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ RADIUS ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ RADIUS. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ ``set pppoe [standard|3Com]'' Ä̀Ñ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó
+ÎÉÚ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÍ ƠÚ̀ÏÍ Netgraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_pppoe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_pppoe</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> Ó POSIX/SUSv3.
+üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ <var class="OPTION">-p</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ×,
+<var class="OPTION">-t</var> Ä̀Ñ ÓĐÉÓËÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Ï×, <var class="OPTION">-A</var>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔÎÁ <var class="OPTION">-ax</var>, <var class="OPTION">-G</var> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓĐÉÓËÁ ID Ç̉ƠĐĐ, <var class="OPTION">-X</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÏÔÉ×ÏĐÏ̀ÏÖÎÁ <var
+class="OPTION">-x</var>, É ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÅ̀ËÉÅ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ
+ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ps&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ps</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <var class="OPTION">-O emul</var>, Đ̉É ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-H</var>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÔÅ̀Ø ÎÁ ÆÁỀ Ó
+ÚÁÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÍ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á ÅÍƠ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏÍ.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=regex&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">regex</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÅÇỜÑ̉ÎÙÅ ×Ù̉ÁÖÅÎÉÑ, ỠÉÔÙ×ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a>,
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Ë̀À̃Å×ÙÅ Ó̀Ï×Á <var class="LITERAL">timeout:</var> É <var
+class="LITERAL">attempts:</var>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resolver&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">resolver</span>(3)</span></a> É
+ÁÓÓÏĂÉÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ĐÏÔÏËÁÍÉ. íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ Ë DNS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ; Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×: <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/www/mozilla/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">www/mozilla</tt></a> É ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/evolution/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/evolution</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs</tt></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmdir&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmdir</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <var class="OPTION">-v</var>, Ä̀Ñ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ƠÄÁ̀ÑÅÍÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">savecore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÍĐ ÆÁỀÏ× ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ 2GB.</p>
+
+<p>ïÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">script</span>(1)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÅÓ̀É ÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ××ÏÄ ÚÁË̉ÙÔ. üÔÏ
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÏĐÁÓÎÏÅ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ Ó ĐÁËÅÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÔÏ
+ÍÏÇ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ÂÅÚ ÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sdpd</span>(8)</span></a>
+Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> <var
+class="LITERAL">y</var> (ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sha1&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sha1</span>(1)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmd160&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmd160</span>(1)</span></a>.
+đÏÄÏÂÎÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md5</span>(1)</span></a>, ÏÎÉ
+×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÑÀÔ ÈÜÛ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smbmsg</span>(8)</span></a>, Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ/ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ SMBus ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sunlabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sunlabel</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ Æ̀ÁÇÁ: <var class="OPTION">-c</var> Ä̀Ñ ×Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ï× ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× × ĂÉ̀ÉÎÄ̉ÁÈ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÓÅËÔÏ̉Ï×, É <var class="OPTION">-h</var> Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̃ÁÔÉ
+ÍÅÔËÉ × ƠÄÏÂÎÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉/ÓÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × ĐÁËÅÔÁÈ
+ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talkd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talkd</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÓ̀É
+ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ É ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉË ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙ. üÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">talk</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÍ ÏÔ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="HOSTID">localhost</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> É̀É × DNS.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ: ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-w</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-U</var>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ
+umask.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">top</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á I/O. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ``m'' É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃ÅÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <var class="OPTION">-m
+io</var>.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (× ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ GNU ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ)
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎƠÀ ×Å̉ÓÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt_long&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getopt_long</span>(3)</span></a>,
+×ÍÅÓÔÏ GNU ×Å̉ÓÉÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">diskless</tt> ÂÙ̀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">hostname</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolve</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">tmp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">var</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">gbde_swap</tt>, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ gbde
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ. đ̉É ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">gbde_swap_enable</var>
+× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄËÁ̃ËÉ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var class="REPLACEABLE">foo.bde</var></tt>
+ÉÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fstab</span>(5)</span></a>
+Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">foo</var></tt> É Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÍ Ë̀À̃ÏÍ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÙÍ ËÁË ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÁÑ ÓƠÍÍÁ
+MD5 ÏÔ 512 ÂÁÊÔ, Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/random</tt>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÍĐÏ× ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ <var class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> É <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_verbose</var>. ëÏÇÄÁ <var
+class="VARNAME">ip6addrctl_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var class="LITERAL">YES</var>,
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ × ÑÄ̉Ï. åÓ̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/ip6addrctl.conf</tt>, ÏÎ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ, ÉÎÁ̃Å ÂƠÄÅÔ
+ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ × RFC
+3484, ÅÓ̀É <var class="VARNAME">ipv6_enable</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var>. éÎÁ̃Å × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÉ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
+ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÏ× Ä̀Ñ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× IPv4.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">mixer</tt>. đ̉É ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ
+ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÁƠÄÉÏ ÍÉËÛÅ̉Ï×, Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ Đ̉É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óË̉ÉĐÔ <tt class="FILENAME">named</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND 9</b> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var>,
+Á ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var class="VARNAME">named_chrootdir</var> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var class="VARNAME">named_chroot_autoupdate</var> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <var
+class="LITERAL">YES</var> (ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ chroot Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. óÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/etc/namedb</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt>, Á ÓÉÍ×Ï̀É̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named/var/run/named/pid</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/named/pid</tt>. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <var
+class="VARNAME">named_symlink_enable</var> × ÆÁỀÅ <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">rndc.key</tt> ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ, ÅÓ̀É ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">pf</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">pflog</tt>
+Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ <b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ 20030619 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ
+20040527.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">AMD (am-utils)</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.0.9 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+6.0.10p1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">awk</b> ÏÔ Bell Labs ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÏÔ 29 ÉÀÎÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ
+ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 7 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.3.1-REL ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Binutils</b> ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 23 ÍÁÑ 2004 ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É
+FSF 2.15.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.15 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.11.17.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.41 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.10.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">gdtoa</b> (ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÁÑ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓÅ̀ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ É ÄÅÓÑÔÉ̃ÎÙÍ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÍÉ) ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20030324 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 20040118.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GDB</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.1.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU GCC</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.3.3-prerelease ÏÔ 6 ÎÏÑẨÑ,
+2003 ÄÏ 3.4.2-prerelease ÏÔ 28 ÉÀ̀Ñ, 2004.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4d ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">less</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 371 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 381.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU readline</b> 4.3 ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ĐÁỖÁÍÉ Ó 001
+ÄÏ 005.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU regex</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ ×
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNU grep</b> 2.5.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">GNU sort</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó textutils 2.1 ÄÏ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ coreutils
+5.2.1 ÏÔ 12 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">GNU tar</b> × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gtar</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.6 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+0.6.1.</p>
+
+<p>ë̀ÉÅÎÔ <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ c ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.0.1 RC10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.0.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">libpcap</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 3 ÎÏÑẨÑ 2003 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏ
+ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ ÏÔ 9 Á×ÇƠÓÔÁ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">NTP</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.1.1a ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 4.2.0.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenPAM</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Dogwood ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+Eelgrass.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.6.1p1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+3.8.1p1.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sshd</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÁ. SSH Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1 ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÁ̉Ï̀À ̃Å̉ÅÚ SSH ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÅÓ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ PAM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7c ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 0.9.7d.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> VIA C3 Nehemiah PadLock ACE (Advanced
+Cryptography Engine) Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ Advanced Encryption
+Standard (AES), ÂÙ̀Á ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ Đ̉Å̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">pf</b>, ĐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ OpenBSD ÉÚ OpenBSD 3.5-stable, ÂÙ̀
+ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.
+äÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ä×Á ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ (<tt class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt
+class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>) É ỔÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ç̉ƠĐĐÙ (<tt class="USERNAME">authpf</tt>, <tt
+class="USERNAME">proxy</tt> É <tt class="USERNAME">_pflogd</tt>), ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÜÔÉ
+ỠÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ. ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÁĐÉÓÅÊ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=group&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">group</span>(5)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ <var class="LITERAL">mergemaster -p</var>. ä̀Ñ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <var
+class="VARNAME">NO_PF</var> × <tt class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÍĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ÉÚ OpenBSD <b
+class="APPLICATION">pf</b>. <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftp-proxy</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ftp Đ̉ÏËÓÉ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pfctl</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipf</span>(8)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pflogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pflogd</span>(8)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+ÄÁÅÍÏÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ̃Å̉ÅÚ <var class="LITERAL">if_pflog</var> × ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcap&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcap</span>(3)</span></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">authpf</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÁ Ä̀Ñ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× Đ̉Á×É̀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">routed</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.22 ÄÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 2.27 Ó
+rhyolite.com. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ RIP MD5
+ÁƠÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁĂÉÀ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=routed&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">routed</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÍÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD; ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÎ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ
+Sun, Cisco É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.12.10 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1.
+[MERGED]</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.7.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.8.3.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcsh</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 6.11 ÄÏ 6.13.00.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÏÎ ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt> ÄÏ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2004a</tt>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">zlib</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.1.4 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.2.1.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ/ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á, ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(8)</span></a>, Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÎƠÀ
+× FreeBSD 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ
+ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å. đ̉É ÚÁĐƠÓËÅ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÙ × ÎÏ×ÏÍ ÓÔÉ̀Å, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×
+ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍ. đ̉É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Å ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÔÏ̃ÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÏÂÏ̉ÏÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁỔÉÂƠÔ <var class="LITERAL">SIZE</var> Ä̀Ñ
+distfiles, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ï× ÆÁỀÏ× ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ.
+<var class="VARNAME">DISABLE_SIZE</var> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÅƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á. üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÇÄÅ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>, É Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÎÅ×Å̉ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ù.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÆÁỀÁ:
+<tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÅÅ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÅ. <tt class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÎÙÅ Ó̀ỠÁÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÓỔÅÔÉÔØÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ĐÏ ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉÉ Ó <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÄ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁÈ <tt class="FILENAME">pkg_*</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó 4.x É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÓỔƠÍÅÎÔÁ̉ÉÊ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÏ×ĐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉Ï× ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ É
+×ÙÂÏ̉Ï× × ÓÔÉ̀Å csh <var class="LITERAL">{...}</var>, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">pkg_info -I 'docbook&#62;=3.0'</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÏÔÏẨÁÚÉÔ (×ÓÅ) docbook DTD Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 3.0. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÛÁẦÏÎÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ỜỠÛÅÎÁ ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÁ ÓÂÏÊÎÙÈ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-S</var> Ä̀Ñ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÆÉËÓÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ
+<var class="LITERAL">@cwd</var> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_info&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.3-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <var class="OPTION">-j</var> Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÁ
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ĐÁËÅÔÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ × FreeBSD ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ <var class="LITERAL">crypto</var> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ̃ÁÓÔØ <var
+class="LITERAL">base</var>. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ <var
+class="OPTION">-DNOCRYPT</var> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ ÓÏẨÁÔØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ
+ÆÁỀÙ ÂÅÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 2.6.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ
+ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ (<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>), Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD
+Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq26.html</a>, É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt> Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.6.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+ÂƠÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.1.4 ÄÏ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ 3.2.3.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/portaudit/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/portaudit</tt></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.
+üÔÁ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔ ÂÁÚƠ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯƠÀ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ƠÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, É ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ï ÎÉÈ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å X Window System ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
+̉Å̀ÉÚ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> - X11R6.7.0. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/XFree86-4/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/XFree86-4</tt></a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ,
+ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ,
+̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3321cccb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print" href="../../../layout/css/fixed.css?20130112" type="text/css" />
+
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="containerwrap">
+      <div id="container">
+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
+  <a href="#contentwrap" title="Skip section navigation" accesskey="2">Skip section navigation</a> (2)
+</span>
+        <div id="headercontainer">
+          <div id="header">
+            <h2 class="blockhide">Header And Logo</h2>
+            <div id="headerlogoleft">
+              <a href="../.." title="FreeBSD">
+                <img src="../../../layout/images/logo-red.png" width="457" height="75" alt="FreeBSD" />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+            <div id="headerlogoright">
+              <div class="frontdonateroundbox">
+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatecontent">
+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatebot">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Peripheral Links</h2>
+              <div id="searchnav">
+                <ul id="searchnavlist"></ul>
+              </div>
+              <div id="search">
+                <form method="get" id="search-form" action="https://duckduckgo.com/" onsubmit="document.getElementById('words').value+=' (site:www.FreeBSD.org OR site:docs.FreeBSD.org OR site:lists.FreeBSD.org OR site:wiki.FreeBSD.org OR site:forums.FreeBSD.org)'">
+                  <h2 class="blockhide">
+                    <label for="words">đÏÉÓË</label>
+                  </h2>
+                  <input type="hidden" name="ka" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kt" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kh" value="1" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kj" value="r2" />
+                  <input id="words" name="q" type="text" size="20" maxlength="255" onfocus="if( this.value==this.defaultValue ) this.value='';" value="đÏÉÓË" />
+                  <span>�</span>
+                  <input id="submit" name="submit" type="submit" value="đÏÉÓË" />
+                </form>
+              </div>
+            </div>
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+          <h2 class="blockhide">Site Navigation</h2>
+          <div id="menu">
+            <ul class="first">
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../">îÁ Ç̀Á×ÎƠÀ</a>
+              </li>
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+              <li>
+                <a href="../../about.html">ï FreeBSD</a>
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+                <a href="../../where.html">đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a>
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+                <a href="../../docs.html">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/">₫ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/porters-handbook">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÅ̉Á</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi">óỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
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+              <li>
+                <a href="../../community.html">óÏÏÂƯÅÓÔ×Ï</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../community/mailinglists.html">óĐÉÓËÉ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://forums.freebsd.org">æÏ̉ƠÍÙ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../usergroups.html">ç̉ƠĐĐÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../events/events.html">óÏÂÙÔÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
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+                <a href="../../projects/index.html">̣ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÁ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/IdeasPage">éÄÅÉ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://svn.FreeBSD.org/viewvc/base/">SVN ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org">CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://p4web.FreeBSD.org">Perforce ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../support.html">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../commercial/commercial.html">ëÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../security/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../send-pr.html">ïÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/">æÏÎÄ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/donate/">đÏÖÅ̉Ô×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">îÁ×ÉÇÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(óÔÁ̉ÙÊ) đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">óÎÜĐÛÏÔ-̉Å̀ÉÚÙ</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">đÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE</h1>
+
+  <p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD ĐƠẦÉËƠÀÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
+    Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × FreeBSD ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀÔÓÑ
+    ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÎÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ.</p>
+
+  <p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ Ä̀Ñ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ
+    Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+    <li><a href="relnotes-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>óĐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÈÓÑ × ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ, ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎ
+    ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+    Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í</a>.</p>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">ëÁ̉ÔÁ ÓÁÊÔÁ</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">ơÓ̀Ï×ÉÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a> | ¿ 1995-2014
+  đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD. ÷ÓÅ Đ̉Á×Á ÚÁƯÉƯÅÎÙ.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/announce.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/announce.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..128b1af41e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/announce.html
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>áÎÏÎÓ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print" href="../../../layout/css/fixed.css?20130112" type="text/css" />
+
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="containerwrap">
+      <div id="container">
+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
+  <a href="#contentwrap" title="Skip section navigation" accesskey="2">Skip section navigation</a> (2)
+</span>
+        <div id="headercontainer">
+          <div id="header">
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+                  <a href="../../releases/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ</a>
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+                    <li>(óÔÁ̉ÙÊ) đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
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+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>áÎÏÎÓ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</h1>
+
+    <p><b>Date:</b> Mon, 9 May 2005 17:01:58 -0400<br clear="none" />
+      <b>From:</b> Ken Smith &lt;kensmith@FreeBSD.org&gt;<br clear="none" />
+      <b>To:</b> freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org<br clear="none" />
+      <b>Subject:</b> [FreeBSD-Announce] FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Announcement</p>
+
+    <p>ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× ̉ÁÄÁ ÁÎÏÎÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ
+      FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE, ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ
+      FreeBSD.  đÏ Ó̉Á×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÍ ×
+      ÎÏÑẨÅ 2004, ÍÙ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ỜỠÛÉ̀É ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ,
+      Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ
+      ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ̉ÅÛÉ̀É ×ÓÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ
+      É ÉÓĐ̉Á×É̀É ÏÛÉÂËÉ.</p>
+
+    <p>đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÈ
+      ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ĐÏ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁÍ:</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes.html" shape="rect">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes.html</a></p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html" shape="rect">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html</a></p>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD 5.4 ÂƠÄÅÔ "×ÅÔ×ØÀ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ".  ÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë
+      ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÍ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, × ×ÅÔ×Ø RELENG_5_4 ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÏÓÉÔØÓÑ
+      Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ.  ëÁË ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+      ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÁË É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÂƠÄƠÔ ÁÎÏÎÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ
+      ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ freebsd-announce@freebsd.org.</p>
+
+    <p>ïÖÉÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÅƯÅ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ ÏÄÉÎ ̉Å̀ÉÚ ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É RELENG_5, Á
+      ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÈ ÂƠÄÅÔ Ä×Á.  ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ Đ̀ÁÎÙ
+      ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ×ÅÔ×É RELENG_6 × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ
+      ÍÅÓÑĂÅ×, ÚÁ ÜÔÉÍ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÑĂÅ× ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÅÔ ×ÙĐƠÓË
+      ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ 6.0-RELEASE.  5.5-RELEASE ×ÙÊÄÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+      ÍÅÓÑĂÅ× ĐÏÓ̀Å 6.0-RELEASE.</p>
+
+    <p>âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD
+      ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ:</p>
+
+    <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/" shape="rect">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/</a></p>
+
+    <h2>đÏÓ×ÑƯÅÎÉÅ</h2>
+
+    <p>̣Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD 5.4 ÍÙ ĐÏÓ×ÑƯÁÅÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ëÜÍÅ̉ÏÎÁ ç̉ÁÎÔÁ (Cameron
+      Grant).  ëÜÍÅ̉ÏÎ ÂÙ̀ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÏÍ FreeBSD É ×ÅÄƠƯÉÍ
+      Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔÏ̉ÏÍ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×, ÎÅÓÍÏỔÑ ÎÁ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ
+      ÓÏ ÚÄÏ̉Ï×ØÅÍ.  ïÎ ÓÔÁ̀ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÙÍ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÏÍ Đ̉Å×ÏÓÈÏÄÓÔ×Á
+      ̃Å̀Ï×Å̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÄƠÈÁ ÎÁÄ ÎÅẦÁÇÏĐ̉ÉÑÔÎÙÍÉ ÏÂÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÓÔ×ÁÍÉ.  ïÎ
+      ×ÄÏÈÎÏ×̀Ñ̀ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ×ÓỔÅ̃Á̀ÓÑ Ó ÎÉÍ; ÍÙ ÂƠÄÅÍ Ó ÔÅĐ̀ÏÍ ×ÓĐÏÍÉÎÁÔØ
+      Ï ÎÅÍ É Ï̃ÅÎØ ÓËỠÁÔØ ĐÏ ÎÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+    <h2>äÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ</h2>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ i386, amd64, ia64, pc98,
+      sparc64 É alpha, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÅÔØ,
+      Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ, É̀É ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ
+      NFS/FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.  îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÁÎÏÎÓÁ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ
+      Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ alpha.  äÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× Ä̀Ñ alpha ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+      ĐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÄÅÎØ É̀É Ä×Á ĐÏÓ̀Å ÁÎÏÎÓÁ.</p>
+
+    <p>đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD ĐƠÔÅÍ ĐÏËƠĐËÉ
+      ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ï× ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÎÁÛÉÈ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ.  ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÉ
+      Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÀÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.4 Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><p>FreeBSD Mall, Inc.
+	  <tt><a href="http://www.freebsdmall.com/" shape="rect">http://www.freebsdmall.com/</a></tt></p></li>
+      <li><p>Daemonnews, Inc.
+          <tt><a href="http://www.bsdmall.com/freebsd1.html" shape="rect">http://www.bsdmall.com/freebsd1.html</a></tt></p></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀.  íÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÍ
+      ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ ÂƠÄƠÔ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÏẨÁÚÙ ISO, ÎÏ
+      ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÁÎÏÎÓÁ ÏÎÉ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ Ó ÎÉÖÅĐ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÈ
+      ÓÁÊÔÏ×.  ëÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ÄÉÓËÏ× ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ × ËÏÎÅĂ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+      ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+    <h2>Bittorrent</h2>
+
+    <p>ëÁË É Ä̀Ñ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 5.3, ÍÙ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÍ ÜËÓĐÅ̉ÉÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ Ó Bittorrent.
+      ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ISO ÏẨÁÚÏ× ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://people.freebsd.org/~kensmith/5.4-torrent/" shape="rect">http://people.freebsd.org/~kensmith/5.4-torrent/</a></tt></p>
+
+    <h2>FTP</h2>
+
+    <p>îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÁÎÏÎÓÁ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÓÏ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ
+      ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀.</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp5.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.ch.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.ch.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.ee.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.ee.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.es.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.es.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.fi.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.fi.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.ie.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.ie.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.is.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.is.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp5.pl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp5.pl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp3.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp3.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp2.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp2.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+      <li><tt><a href="ftp://ftp5.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" shape="rect">ftp://ftp5.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/</a></tt></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ Ó ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÏÇÏ FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ
+      ÓỔÁÎÁÈ É ÔÅ̉̉ÉÔÏ̉ÉÑÈ: á̉ÇÅÎÔÉÎÁ, á×ÓỔÁ̀ÉÑ, ẩÁÚÉ̀ÉÑ, ëÁÎÁÄÁ, ëÉÔÁÊ,
+      èÏ̉×ÁÔÉÑ, ₫ÅÛÓËÁÑ ̉ÅÓĐƠẦÉËÁ, äÁÎÉÑ, üÓÔÏÎÉÑ, æÉÎ̀ÑÎÄÉÑ, æ̉ÁÎĂÉÑ,
+      çÅ̉ÍÁÎÉÑ, ç̉ÅĂÉÑ, çÏÎËÏÎÇ, ÷ÅÎÇ̉ÉÑ, éÓ̀ÁÎÄÉÑ, éÎÄÏÎÅÚÉÑ, é̉̀ÁÎÄÉÑ,
+      éÔÁ̀ÉÑ, ñĐÏÎÉÑ, ëÏ̉ÅÑ, ́ÉÔ×Á, îÉÄÅ̉̀ÁÎÄÙ, îÏ×ÁÑ úÅ̀ÁÎÄÉÑ, îÏ̉×ÅÇÉÑ,
+      đÏ̀ØÛÁ, đÏ̉ÔƠÇÁ̀ÉÑ, ̣ƠÍÙÎÉÑ, ̣ÏÓÓÉÑ, óÁƠÄÏ×ÓËÁÑ á̉Á×ÉÑ, óÉÎÇÁĐỞ,
+      ó̀Ï×ÁĂËÁÑ ̣ÅÓĐƠẦÉËÁ, ó̀Ï×ÅÎÉÑ, àÖÎÁÑ áÆ̉ÉËÁ, éÓĐÁÎÉÑ, û×ÅĂÉÑ,
+      û×ÅÊĂÁ̉ÉÑ, ôÁÊ×ÁÎØ, ôỞĂÉÑ, ơË̉ÁÉÎÁ, ÷Å̀ÉËÏẨÉÔÁÎÉÑ É óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÅ
+      ûÔÁÔÙ.</p>
+
+    <p>đÅ̉ÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĂÅÎỔÁ̀ØÎÙÍ FTP ÓÁÊÔÏÍ, Đ̉Ï×Å̉ØÔÅ
+      ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á, ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó:</p>
+
+    <p>ftp://ftp.&lt;yourdomain&gt;.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD</p>
+
+    <p>́ÀÂÙÅ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓÁÊÔÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ ftp2, ftp3
+       É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ.</p>
+
+    <p>äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ:</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" shape="rect">
+      http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html</a></tt></p>
+
+    <p>úÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD, ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë Ç̀Á×Å 2 ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+      FreeBSD.  ÷ ÎÅÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÏÂÚÏ̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+      FreeBSD, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ĐÏ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÍƠ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ:</p>
+
+    <p><tt><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html" shape="rect">
+	http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html</a></tt></p>
+
+    <h2>ầÁÇÏÄÁ̉ÎÏÓÔÉ</h2>
+
+    <p>îÁÉÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ẦÁÇÏÄÁ̉ÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÚÁÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÉ FreeBSD.
+      âÅÚ ÉÈ ƠÓÉ̀ÉÊ FreeBSD ÎÅ ÍÏÇ̀Á ÂÙ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ.</p>
+
+    <p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÉ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×É̀É ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÓÅÔÉ, É̀É
+      ̃Å̀Ï×ÅËÏ-̃ÁÓÙ × ĐÏ̉ÑÄËÅ ÆÉÎÁÎÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD 5.4,
+      × ÔÏÍ ̃ÉÓ̀Å FreeBSD Mall, Hewlett Packard, Yahoo!, Sentex
+      Communications, Sandvine, Inc., FreeBSD Systems, Inc, É
+      NTT/Verio.</p>
+
+    <p>ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ 5.4-RELEASE ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ:</p>
+
+    <table border="0">
+      <tbody>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scott Long &lt;<a href="mailto:scottl@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">scottl@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Robert Watson &lt;<a href="mailto:rwatson@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">rwatson@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">John Baldwin &lt;<a href="mailto:jhb@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">jhb@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ken Smith &lt;<a href="mailto:kensmith@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">kensmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ I386, AMD64 É sparc64,
+	    ËÏÏ̉ÄÉÎÁĂÉÑ ÓÁÊÔÏ× ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hiroki Sato &lt;<a href="mailto:hrs@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">hrs@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Doug White &lt;<a href="mailto:dwhite@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">dwhite@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Murray Stokely &lt;<a href="mailto:murray@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">murray@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ.</td>
+	</tr>
+
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wilko Bulte &lt;<a href="mailto:wilko@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">wilko@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ alpha</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marcel Moolenaar &lt;<a href="mailto:marcel@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">marcel@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ ia64</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Takahashi Yoshihiro &lt;<a href="mailto:nyan@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">nyan@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ pc98</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kris Kennaway &lt;<a href="mailto:kris@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">kris@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Joe Marcus Clarke &lt;<a href="mailto:marcus@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">marcus@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">óÂÏ̉ËÁ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jacques A. Vidrine &lt;<a href="mailto:nectar@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">nectar@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ïÆÉĂÅ̉ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+	<tr>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Paul Saab &lt;<a href="mailto:ps@FreeBSD.org" shape="rect">ps@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</td>
+	  <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bittorrent ËÏÏ̉ÄÉÎÁĂÉÑ</td>
+	</tr>
+
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+
+    <h2>ëÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ ÏẨÁÚÏ× CD</h2>
+
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso) = 6882dd5ce59cda1ba4a66ef45f017597
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso) = 26bca75d799c0a1690c6ae0bf0886234
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-amd64-disc2.iso) = 3da9debeae15a49158b01b1d92843fbc
+
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso) = 2afe65af7e7b994c3ce87cefda27352e
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso) = 3dbb37485535e129354bc099e24aed99
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-i386-disc2.iso) = e4b748415ca783fce64cfafd6bd56f57
+
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-ia64-bootonly.iso) = 45b032bf952e7ea8b2c42f94c3fa4997
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-ia64-disc1.iso) = 2b1ad22da2ea0fe86345c99590049ebd
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-ia64-disc2.iso) = 62e589928628453f1813db7402b4f3ad
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-ia64-livefs.iso) = 6c05d71c36d84179923668faddf58e43
+
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-pc98-disc1.iso) = 003dee8647e9b2cbca7df0d92011800f
+
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-sparc64-bootonly.iso) = 91cb2304c2ecbcce0b312738649ba88d
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-sparc64-disc1.iso) = 5f77c9a20e09d5ef66fad9c60e17c2ac
+  MD5 (5.4-RELEASE-sparc64-disc2.iso) = 7da34a32ca8196a34732548fe92d71e6
+</pre>
+
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">ëÁ̉ÔÁ ÓÁÊÔÁ</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">ơÓ̀Ï×ÉÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a> | ¿ 1995-2014
+  đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD. ÷ÓÅ Đ̉Á×Á ÚÁƯÉƯÅÎÙ.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a5ba5f876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/errata.html
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>óĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">óĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/errata/article.sgml,v 1.1.2.5
+2005/05/11 09:11:12 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN21" name="AEN21"></a>
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÊ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ÎÁ ĐÏÚÄÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É ÎÅ ĐÏĐÁ×ÛƠÀ ×
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÎÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚ. üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÉ,
+ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÍƠ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ É ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. đÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÜÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ó×Å̉ÑÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÂƠÄÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏ FreeBSD
+5.5-RELEASE.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÉ Ï FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE. đÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÜÔÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉ÏËÏÎÓỜØÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏÍ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï
+ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÖÅ ÍÏÇ̀É ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ É
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>́ÀÂÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÑÅÍÁÑ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÎÁ CDROM
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Å), ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å̀Á ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏĐÉÉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ É ÉÈ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ËÁË ``ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ'' ÜÔÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. üÔÉ ËÏĐÉÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/</a> É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÙÈ ÓÁÊÔÁÈ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÈ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á ÜÔÏÊ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÜĐÛÏÔÙ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÁÈ É ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÙ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏĐÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ (ÎÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÁ).</p>
+
+<p>úÁ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD CERT ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/</a> É̀É <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>îÅÔ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OPEN-ISSUES" name="OPEN-ISSUES">3. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>îÅÔ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LATE-NEWS" name="LATE-NEWS">4. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>îÅÔ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÅÊ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,5921 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/alpha 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/alpha
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-PROC">Supported processors and motherboards</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN29">Overview</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#AEN45">In general, what do you need to run FreeBSD on an
+Alpha?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#AEN105">System-specific information</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#AEN110">AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.2. <a href="#AEN185">Universal Desktop Box (UDB or ``Multia'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.3. <a href="#AEN274">Personal Workstation (``Miata'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.4. <a href="#AEN384">Evaluation Board 64 family</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.5. <a href="#AEN439">Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'')
+family</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.6. <a href="#AEN508">AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and 400 (``Avanti'')
+series</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.7. <a href="#AEN575">AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor'' &#38; ``Maverick'' for
+EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.8. <a href="#AEN687">AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''), 1000A (``Noritake'') and
+800(``Corelle'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.9. <a href="#AEN743">DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') / XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L
+(``Slate'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.10. <a href="#AEN894">DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.11. <a href="#AEN963">AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.12. <a href="#AEN1009">AlphaServer 2000 (``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A
+(``Lynx'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.13. <a href="#AEN1080">AlphaServer 4x00 (``Rawhide'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.14. <a href="#AEN1113">AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'') and AlphaStation 1200
+(``DaVinci'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.15. <a href="#AEN1143">AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 (``TurboLaser'')</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.16. <a href="#AEN1186">Alpha Processor Inc. UP1000</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.17. <a href="#AEN1235">Alpha Processor Inc. UP1100</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.18. <a href="#AEN1283">Alpha Processor Inc. CS20, Compaq DS20L</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3.19. <a href="#AEN1330">Compaq AlphaServer ES40 (``Clipper'')</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#AEN1367">Supported Hardware Overview</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#AEN1399">Acknowledgments</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ Alpha/AXP ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/alpha
+5.4-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ Alpha/AXP. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-PROC" name="SUPPORT-PROC">2. Supported processors and
+motherboards</a></h2>
+
+<i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Maintained by</span> Wilko Bulte.</i> 
+
+<p>Additions, corrections and constructive criticism are invited. In particular,
+information on system quirks is more than welcome.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN29" name="AEN29">2.1. Overview</a></h3>
+
+<p>This document tries to provide a starting point for those who want to run FreeBSD on
+an Alpha-based machine. It is aimed at providing background information on the various
+hardware designs. It is not a replacement for the systems manuals.</p>
+
+<p>The information is structured as follows:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>general hardware requirements to run FreeBSD on alpha;</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>system specific information for each of the systems/boards supported by FreeBSD;</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>information on expansion boards for FreeBSD, including things that differ from what is
+in the generic supported hardware list.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> You will see references to DEC, Digital Equipment Corporation and
+Compaq used more or less interchangeably. Now that Compaq has acquired Digital Equipment
+it would be more correct to refer to Compaq only. To be completely politically correct
+given that Hewlett Packard in turn has acquired Compaq I probably should be using HP
+everywhere. Given the fact that you will see the mix of names everywhere, I don't
+bother.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> SRM commands will be in <kbd class="USERINPUT">UPPER CASE</kbd>.
+Lower case input is also acceptable to SRM. Upper case is used for clarity.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN45" name="AEN45">2.2. In general, what do you need to run
+FreeBSD on an Alpha?</a></h3>
+
+<p>Obviously you will need an Alpha machine that FreeBSD knows about. Alpha machines are
+NOT like PCs. There are considerable differences between the various core logic chip sets
+and mainboard designs. This means that a kernel needs to know the intimate details of a
+particular machine before it can run on it. Throwing some odd <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel at unknown hardware is almost guaranteed to fail
+miserably.</p>
+
+<p>For a machine even to be considered for FreeBSD use please make sure it has the SRM
+console firmware installed. Or at least make sure that SRM console firmware is available
+for the particular machine type. If FreeBSD does not currently support your machine type,
+there is a good chance that this will change at some point in time, assuming SRM is
+available. All bets are off when SRM console firmware is not available.</p>
+
+<p>Machines with the ARC or AlphaBIOS console firmware were intended for WindowsNT. Some
+have SRM console firmware available in the system ROMs which you only have to select (via
+an ARC or AlphaBIOS menu). In other cases you will have to re-flash the ROMs with SRM
+code. Check on http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware to see what is available for
+your particular system. In any case: no SRM means <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">no</i></span> FreeBSD (or NetBSD, OpenBSD, Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS for
+that matter). With the demise of WindowsNT/alpha a lot of former NT boxes are sold on the
+second hand market. They have little or no trade-in value when they are NT-only from the
+console firmware perspective. So, be suspicious if the price appears too good.</p>
+
+<p>Known non-SRM machines are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Digital XL series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital XLT series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung PC164UX (``Ruffian'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung 164B</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Machines that have SRM but are not supported by FreeBSD are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DECpc 150 (``Jensen'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC 2000/300 (``Jensen'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC 2000/500 (``Culzean'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AXPvme series (``Medulla'')</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>To complicate things a bit further: Digital used to have so called ``white-box'' Alpha
+machines destined as NT-only and ``blue-box'' Alpha machines destined for OpenVMS and
+Digital Unix. These names are based on the color of the cabinets, ``FrostWhite'' and
+``TopGunBlue'' respectively. Although you could put the SRM console firmware on a
+whitebox, OpenVMS and Digital Unix will refuse to boot on them. FreeBSD in
+post-4.0-RELEASE will run on both the white and the blue-box variants. Before someone
+asks: the white ones had a rather different (read: cheaper) Digital price tag.</p>
+
+<p>As part of the SRM you will get the so called OSF/1 PAL code (OSF/1 being the initial
+name of Digital's UNIX offering on Alpha). The PAL code can be thought of as a software
+abstraction layer between the hardware and the operating system. It uses normal CPU
+instruction plus a handful of privileged instructions specific for PAL use. PAL is not
+microcode. The ARC console firmware contains a different PAL code, geared towards WinNT
+and in no way suitable for use by FreeBSD (or more generic: Unix or OpenVMS). Before
+someone asks: Linux/alpha brings its own PAL code, allowing it to boot on ARC and
+AlphaBIOS. There are various reasons why this is not a very good idea in the eyes of the
+*BSD folks. I don't want to go into details here. If you are interested in the gory
+details search the FreeBSD and NetBSD web sites.</p>
+
+<p>There is another pitfall ahead: you will need a disk adapter that the SRM console
+firmware recognizes in order to be able to boot from a disk. What is acceptable to SRM as
+a boot adapter is unfortunately highly system and SRM version dependent. For older PCI
+based machines it means you will need either a NCR/Symbios 53C810 based adapter, or a
+Qlogic 1020/1040 based adapter. Some machines come with a SCSI chip embedded on the
+mainboard. Newer machine designs and SRM versions will be able to work with more modern
+SCSI chips/adapters. Check out the machine specific info below. Please note that the rest
+of this discussion only refers to Symbios chips, this is meant to include the older chips
+that still have NCR stamped on them. Symbios bought NCR sometime.</p>
+
+<p>The problem might bite those who have machines that started their lives as WindowsNT
+boxes. The ARC or AlphaBIOS knows about <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">other</i></span> adapter types that it can boot from than the SRM. For
+example you can boot from an Adaptec 2940UW with ARC/AlphaBios but (generally) not with
+SRM. Some newer machine types have introduced Adaptec boot support. Please consult the
+machine specific section for details.</p>
+
+<p>Most adapters that cannot be booted from work fine for data-only disks. The
+differences between SRM and ARC could also get you pre-packaged IDE CDROMs and hard
+drives in some (former WindowsNT) systems. SRM versions exist (depends on the machine
+type) that can boot from IDE disks and CDROMs. Check the machine specific section for
+details.</p>
+
+<p>In order to be bootable the root partition (partition a) must be at offset 0 of the
+disk drive. This means you have to use the installer's partitioning menu and start with
+assigning partition a at offset 0 to the root partition. Subsequently layout the rest of
+the partitions to your liking. If you do not adhere to this rule the install will proceed
+just fine, but the system will not be bootable from the freshly installed disk. Note that
+fdisk is not used on FreeBSD running on Alpha, disks are directly labeled using
+disklabel.</p>
+
+<p>If you don't have/want a local disk drive you can boot via the Ethernet. This assumes
+an Ethernet adapter/chip that is recognized by the SRM console. Generally speaking this
+boils down to either a 21040 or 21142 or 21143 based Ethernet interface. Older machines
+or SRM versions may not recognize the 21142 / 21143 Fast Ethernet chips, you are then
+limited to using 10Mbit Ethernet for net booting those machines. Non-DEC cards based on
+said chips will generally (but are not guaranteed to) work. Note that Intel took over the
+21x4x chips when it bought Digital Semiconductor. So you might see an Intel logo on them
+these days. Recent machine designs have SRM support for Intel 8255x Ethernet chips.</p>
+
+<p>Alpha machines can be run with SRM on a graphics console or on a serial console. ARC
+can also be run on a serial consoles if need be. VT100 emulation with 8 bit controls
+should at least allow you to switch from ARC/AlphaBIOS to SRM mode without having to
+install a graphics card first.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to run your Alpha machine without a monitor/graphics card just don't
+connect a keyboard/mouse to the machine. Instead hook up a serial terminal[emulator] to
+serial port #1. The SRM will talk 9600N81 to you. This can also be really practical for
+debugging purposes. Beware: some/most (?) SRMs will also present you with a console
+prompt at serial port #2. The booting kernel, however, will display the boot messages on
+serial port #1 and will also put the console there. <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">This can be extremely confusing.</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Most PCI based Alphas can use ordinary PC-type VGA cards. The SRM contains enough
+smarts to make that work. It does not, however, mean that each and every PCI VGA card out
+on the street will work in an Alpha machine. Things like S3 Trio64, Mach64, and Matrox
+Millennium generally work. Old ET4000 based ISA cards have also worked for me. But ask
+around first before buying.</p>
+
+<p>Most PCI devices from the PC-world will also work in FreeBSD PCI-based machines. Check
+the <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> file for the latest word on this.
+Check the appropriate machine type's discussion in case you want to use PCI cards that
+have PCI bridge chips on them. In some cases you might encounter problems with PCI cards
+not handling PCI parity correctly. This can lead to panics. PCI parity checking can be
+disabled using the following SRM command:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_PARITY OFF</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, all operating systems running on Alpha hardware will
+need this workaround.</p>
+
+<p>If your system (also) contains EISA expansion slots you will need to run the EISA
+Configuration Utility (ECU) after you have installed EISA cards or after you have
+upgraded your console firmware.</p>
+
+<p>For Alpha CPUs you will find multiple generations. The original Alpha design is the
+21064. It was produced in a chip process called MOS4, chips made in this process are
+nicknamed EV4. Newer CPUs are 21164, 21264 etc. You will see designations like EV4S,
+EV45, EV5, EV56, EV6, EV67, EV68. The EVs with double digit numbers are slightly improved
+versions. For example EV45 has an improved FPU and 16 kByte on-chip separate I &amp; D
+caches compared to the EV4 on which it is based. Rule of thumb: the higher the digit
+immediately following ``EV'' the more desirable (read: faster / more modern).</p>
+
+<p>For memory you want at least 32 Mbytes. I have had FreeBSD run on a 16 Mbyte system
+but you will not enjoy that. Kernel build times halved when I went to 32 Mbytes. Note
+that the SRM console steals 2Mbyte from the total system memory (and keeps it). For more
+serious work 64 Mbytes or more are recommended. Although Alpha machines typically can
+accomodate large to very large physical memory sizes, FreeBSD is limited to 1 or 2 Gbytes
+(dependent on the core chipset) of RAM. This restriction is due to the current
+implementation of the VM system.</p>
+
+<p>While on the subject of memory: pay close attention to the type of memory your machine
+uses. There are very different memory configurations and requirements for the various
+machines.</p>
+
+<p>Final word: I expect the above to sound a bit daunting to the first-time Alpha user.
+Don't be daunted too much. And do feel free to ask questions if something is not clear
+after reading this document.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN105" name="AEN105">2.3. System-specific information</a></h3>
+
+<p>Below is an overview of the hardware that FreeBSD runs on. This list will definitely
+grow, a look in <tt class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> can be
+enlightening.</p>
+
+<p>Alpha machines are often best known by their project code name. Where known these are
+listed below in parentheses.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN110" name="AEN110">2.3.1. AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The NoName is a baby-AT mainboard based on the 21066 LCA (Low Cost Alpha) processor.
+NoName was originally designed for OEM-use. The LCA chip includes almost all of the logic
+to drive a PCI bus and the memory subsystem. All of this makes for a low-priced
+design.</p>
+
+<p>Due to the limited memory interface the system is not particularly fast in case of
+cache misses. As long as you stay inside the on-chip cache the CPU is comparable to a
+21064 (first generation Alpha). These boards should be very cheap to obtain these days.
+It is a full-fledged 64 bit CPU, just don't expect miracles as far as speed goes.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at 233MHz. 21068 CPUs are also possible, but
+are even slower.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 256k or 1 Mbyte (uses DIL chips)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port OR 5pin DIN keyboard (2 mainboard models)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>512kB Flash ROM for the console code.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 embedded IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3 32 bit PCI slots (1 shared with ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>5 ISA slots (1 shared with PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Fast SCSI using a Symbios 53C810 chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NoNames can either have SRM <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">or</i></span>
+ARC console firmware in their Flash ROM. The Flash ROM is not big enough to hold both ARC
+and SRM at the same time and allow software selection of alternate console code. But you
+only need SRM anyway.</p>
+
+<p>Cache for the NoNames are 15 or 20 ns DIL chips. For a 256 kByte cache you want to
+check your junked 486 mainboard. Chips for a 1 Mbyte cache are a rarer breed
+unfortunately. Getting at least a 256kByte cache is recommended performance wise.
+Cache-less they are really slow.</p>
+
+<p>The NoName mainboard has a PC/AT-standard power connector. It also has a power
+connector for 3.3 Volts. No need to rush out to get a new power supply. The 3.3 Volts is
+only needed in case you run 3.3 Volts PCI expansion boards. These are quite rare.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE interface is supported by FreeBSD and requires a line in the kernel
+configuration file as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p>
+
+<p>The SRM console unfortunately <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">cannot
+boot</i></span> from IDE disks. This means you will have to use a SCSI disk as the boot
+device.</p>
+
+<p>The NoName is somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. It needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console.</p>
+
+<p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to press <b
+class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture
+the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but it is worth trying if you are
+greeted by a blank screen after powerup.</p>
+
+<p>Make sure you use true 36 bit SIMMs, and only FPM (Fast Page Mode) DRAM. EDO DRAM or
+SIMMs with fake parity <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">will not
+work</i></span>. The board uses the 4 extra bits for ECC. 33 bit FPM SIMMs will for the
+same reason not work.</p>
+
+<p>Given the choice, get the PS/2-variant mainboard. Apart from giving you a mouse port
+as bonus it is directly supported by Tru64 Unix in case you ever want or need to run it.
+The ``DIN-plug''-variant should work OK for FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci/design_guide.ps" target="_top">OEM
+manual</a> is recommended reading.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a NoName kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_AXPPCI_33           
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN185" name="AEN185">2.3.2. Universal Desktop Box (UDB or
+``Multia'')</a></h4>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Multia can be either Intel or Alpha CPU based. We assume Alpha based
+ones here for obvious reasons.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Multia is a small desktop box intended as a sort of personal workstation. They come in
+a considerable number of variations, check closely what you get.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at 233MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: COAST-like 256 kByte cache module; 233MHz models have
+512kByte of cache; 166MHz models have soldered-on 256kB caches</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 embedded 21040 based 10Mbit Ethernet, AUI and 10base2 connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>1 32 bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCMCIA slots</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Crystal CS4231 or AD1848 sound chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Fast SCSI, using a Symbios 53C810[A] chip on the PCI riser card</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Multia has enough Flash ROM to store both SRM and ARC code at the same time and allow
+software selection of one of them.</p>
+
+<p>The embeded TGA video adapter is <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> currently usable as a FreeBSD console. You will need to
+use a serial console.</p>
+
+<p>Multia has only one 32 bit PCI slot for expansion, and it is only suitable for a small
+form factor PCI card. By sacrificing the PCI slot space you can mount a 3.5&quot; hard
+disk drive. Mounting stuff may have come with your Multia. Adding a 3.5&quot; disk is
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> a recommended upgrade due to
+the limited power rating of the power supply and the extremely marginal cooling of the
+system box.</p>
+
+<p>Multia also has 2 PCMCIA expansion slots. These are currently not supported by
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The CPU might or might not be socketed, check this before considering CPU upgrade
+hacks. The low-end Multias have a soldered-in CPU.</p>
+
+<p>Multia has 2 serial ports but routes both of them to the outside world on a single 25
+pin sub-D connector. The Multia FAQ explains how to build your own Y-cable to allow both
+ports to be used.</p>
+
+<p>Although the Multia SRM supports booting from floppy this can be problematic.
+Typically the errors look like:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+*** Soft Error - Error #10 - FDC: Data overrun or underrun
+</pre>
+
+<p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, it is a SRM problem. The best available workaround to
+install FreeBSD is to boot from a SCSI CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to press <b
+class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to capture
+the SRM's attention. I have never seen this myself, but it is worth trying when you are
+greeted by a blank screen after powerup.</p>
+
+<p>Sound works fine using <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+and a line in the kernel configuration file as follows for the Crystal CS4231 chip:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>The sound device lives at port 0x530, and uses irq 9 along with drq 3. You also need
+to specify flags 0x15 in the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt> file.</p>
+
+<p>I have not yet been successful in getting my Multia with the AD1848 to play any
+sound.</p>
+
+<p>While verifying playback I was reminded of the lack of CPU power of the 166MHz CPU.
+MP3 only plays acceptable using 22kHz down-sampling.</p>
+
+<p>Multias are somewhat notorious for dying of heat strokes. The very compact box does
+not really allow access to cooling air. Please use the Multia on its vertical stand,
+don't put it horizontally (``pizza style''). Replacing the fan with something which
+pushes around more air is really recommended. You can also cut one of the wires to the
+fan speed sensor. Once cut, the fan runs at a (loud) full speed. Beware of PCI cards with
+high power consumption. If your system has died you might want to check the
+Multia-Heat-Death pages at the <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target="_top">NetBSD Web
+site</a> for help in reviving it.</p>
+
+<p>The Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge enables the use of an IDE disk. This requires a
+line in the kernel configuration file as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses IRQ 14.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE connector pin spacing is thought for 2.5&quot; laptop disks. A 3.5&quot; IDE
+disk would not fit in the case anyway. At least not without sacrificing your only PCI
+slot. The SRM console unfortunately does not know how to boot from IDE disks. You will
+need to use a SCSI disk as the boot disk.</p>
+
+<p>In case you want to change the internal hard drive: the internal flat cable running
+from the PCI riser board to the <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">2.5&quot;</i></span> hard drive has a finer pitch than the standard SCSI
+flat cables. Otherwise it would not fit on the 2.5&quot; drives. There are also riser
+cards that have a standard-pitch SCSI cable attached to it, which will fit an ordinary
+SCSI disk.</p>
+
+<p>Again, I recommend against trying to cram a replacement hard disk inside. Use the
+external SCSI connector and put your disk in an external enclosure. Multias run hot
+enough as-is. In most cases you will have the external high density 50-pin SCSI connector
+but some Multia models came without disk and may lack the connector. Something to check
+before buying one.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a Multia kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_AXPPCI_33
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+
+<p>Recommended reading on Multia can be found at <a
+href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html"
+target="_top">http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html</a> or <a
+href="http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html"
+target="_top">http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN274" name="AEN274">2.3.3. Personal Workstation
+(``Miata'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The Miata is a small tower machine intended to be put under a desk. There are multiple
+Miata variants. The original Miata is the MX5 model. Because it suffers from a number of
+hardware design flaws a redesign was done, yielding the MiataGL. Unfortunately the
+variants are not easily distinguishable at first sight from the outside of the case. An
+easy check is to see if the back of the machine sports two USB connectors. If yes, it is
+a MiataGL. MX5 models tend to be more common in the used system market place.</p>
+
+<p>System designations look like ``Personal Workstation 433a''. Personal Workstation,
+being a bit of a mouthful, is often abbreviated to PWS. This means it has a 433 MHz CPU,
+and started life as a WinNT workstation (the trailing ``a''). Systems designated from day
+1 to run Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS will sport ``433au''. WinNT-Miatas are likely to come
+pre-configured with an IDE CDROM drive. So, in general systems are named like
+PWS[433,500,600]a[u].</p>
+
+<p>There was also a Miata model with a special CPU cooling system by Kryotech. The
+Kryotech has a special cooling system and is housed in a different enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A EV56 Alpha CPU at 433, 500 or 600MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21174 core logic (``Pyxis'') chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L3 cache: 0, 2 or 4 Mbytes (uses a cache module)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>bus width: 128 bits wide, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>unbuffered 72 bit wide SDRAMs DIMMs, installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 DIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory 1.5 GBytes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MX5 uses a 21142 or 21143 Ethernet chip, dependent on the version of the PCI riser
+card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MiataGL has a 21143 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>the bulkhead can be 10/100 Mbit UTP, or 10 Mbit UTP/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 on-board [E]IDE disk interfaces, based on the CMD646 (MX5) or the Cypress 82C693
+(MiataGL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI Qlogic 1040 [MiataGL only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 64-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 32-bit PCI slots (behind a DEC PCI-PCI bridge chip)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 ISA slots (physically shared with the 32 bit PCI slots, via an Intel 82378IB PCI to
+ISA bridge chip)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB interface [MiataGL only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded sound based on an ESS1888 chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The Miata logic is divided into two printed circuit boards. The lower board in the
+bottom of the machine has the PCI and ISA slots and things like the sound chip etc. The
+top board has the CPU, the Pyxis chip, memory etc. Note that MX5 and the MiataGL use a
+different PCI riser board. This means that you cannot just upgrade to a MiataGL CPU board
+(with the newer Pyxis chip) but that you will also need a different riser board.
+Apparently an MX5 riser with a MiataGL CPU board will work but it is definitely not a
+supported or tested configuration. Everything else (cabinet, wiring, etc.) is identical
+for MX5 and MiataGL.</p>
+
+<p>MX5 has problems with DMA via the 2 64-bit PCI slots when this DMA crosses a page
+boundary. The 32 bit slots don't have this problem because the PCI-PCI bridge chip does
+not allow the offending transfers. The SRM code knows about the problem and refuses to
+start the system if there is a PCI card in one of the 64bit slots that it does not know
+about. Cards that are ``known good'' to the SRM are allowed to be used in the 64bit
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to fool the SRM you can type <kbd class="USERINPUT">set
+pci_device_override</kbd> at the SRM prompt. Just don't complain if your data
+mysteriously gets mangled.</p>
+
+<p>The complete command is:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>&lt;vendor_id&gt;</i></tt><tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>&lt;device_id&gt;</i></tt></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>For example:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE 88c15333</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The most radical approach is to use:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE -1</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>This disables PCI ID checking altogether, so that you can install any PCI card without
+its ID getting checked. For this to work you need a reasonable current SRM version.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> Do this on your own risk..</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The FreeBSD kernel reports it when it sees a buggy Pyxis chip:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
+Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: WARNING: Pyxis pass 1 DMA bug; no bets...
+</pre>
+
+<p>A MiataGL probes as:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
+Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: pcib0: &lt;2117x PCI host bus adapter&gt; on cia0
+</pre>
+
+<p>MiataGL does not have the DMA problems of the MX5. PCI cards that make the MX5 SRM
+choke when installed in the 64bit slots are accepted without problems by the MiataGL
+SRM.</p>
+
+<p>The latest mainboard revisions of MX5 contain a hardware workaround for the bug. The
+SRM does not know about the ECO and will complain about unknown cards as before. So does
+the FreeBSD kernel by the way.</p>
+
+<p>The Miata SRM can boot from IDE CDROM drives. IDE hard disk boot is known to work for
+both MiataGL and MX5 disks, so you can root FreeBSD from an IDE disk. Speeds on MX5 are
+around 14 Mbytes/sec assuming a suitable drive. Miata's CMD646 chip will support up to
+WDMA2 mode as the chip is too buggy for use with UDMA.</p>
+
+<p>Miata MX5s generally use Qlogic 1040 based SCSI adapters. These are bootable by the
+SRM console. Note that Adaptec cards are <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> bootable by the Miata SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The MiataGL has a faster PCI-PCI bridge chip on the PCI riser card than some of the
+MX5 riser card versions. Some of the MX5 risers have the <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">same</i></span> chip as the MiataGL. All in all there is a lot of
+variation.</p>
+
+<p>Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI bridge. This manifests itself as no
+video at all. Workaround is to put the VGA card ``before'' the bridge, in one of the 64
+bit PCI slots. Graphics performance using a 64 bit slot is generally substantially
+better.</p>
+
+<p>Both MX5 and MiataGL have an on-board sound chip, an ESS1888. It emulates a
+SoundBlaster and can be enabled by putting</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+device  sbc
+</pre>
+
+<p>in your kernel configuration file:</p>
+
+<p>in case your Miata has the optional cache board installed make sure it is firmly
+seated. A slightly loose cache has been observed to cause weird crashes (not surprising
+obviously, but maybe not so obvious when troubleshooting). The cache module is identical
+between MX5 and MiataGL.</p>
+
+<p>Installing a 2Mb cache module achieves, apart from a 10-15% speed increase (based on
+buildworld elapsed time), a <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">decrease</i></span> for PCI DMA read bandwidth from 64bit PCI cards. A
+benchmark on a 64-bit Myrinet card resulted in a decrease from 149 Mbytes/sec to 115
+Mbytes/sec. Something to keep in mind when doing really high speed things with 64 bit PCI
+adapters.</p>
+
+<p>Although the hardware allows you to install up to 1.5Gbyte of memory, FreeBSD is
+limited to 1Gbyte because the DMA code does not correctly handle memory above 1Gbyte.</p>
+
+<p>Moving to a faster CPU is quite simple, swap out the CPU chip and set the clock
+multiplier dipswitch to the speed of the new CPU.</p>
+
+<p>If you experience SRM errors like</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERROR: scancode 0xa3 not supported on PCXAL
+</pre>
+
+<p>after halting FreeBSD you should update your SRM firmware to V7.2-1 or later. This SRM
+version is first available on the Firmware Update CD V5.7, or on <a
+href="http://www.compaq.com/" target="_top">http://www.compaq.com/</a> This SRM problem
+is fixed on both Miata MX5 and Miata GL.</p>
+
+<p>USB is supported by FreeBSD 4.1 and later.</p>
+
+<p>Disconnect the power cord before dismantling the machine, the soft-power switch keeps
+part of the logic powered <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">even</i></span> when
+the machine is switched off.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel configuration file for a Miata kernel must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST550               
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN384" name="AEN384">2.3.4. Evaluation Board 64 family</a></h4>
+
+<p>In its attempts to popularize the Alpha CPU DEC produced a number of so called
+Evaluation Boards. Members of this family are EB64, EB64+, AlphaPC64 (codename
+``Cabriolet''). A non-DEC member of this family is the Aspen Alpine. The EB64 family of
+evaluation boards has the following feature set:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 or 21064A CPU, 150 to 275 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>memory buswidth: 128 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style 72 pin 33 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 SIMM sockets</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses parity memory</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 512 kByte, 1 Mbyte or 2 Mbytes</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21072 (``APECS'') chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip (``Saturn'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel printer port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios 53C810 Fast-SCSI (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IDE interface (only on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 10 Mbit Ethernet (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCI slots (4 slots on AlphaPC64)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 ISA slots</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Aspen Alpine is slightly different, but is close enough to the EB64+ to run an EB64+
+SRM EPROM (mine did..). The Aspen Alpine does not have an embedded Ethernet, has 3
+instead of 2 PCI slots. It comes with 2 Mbytes of cache already soldered onto the
+mainboard. It has jumpers to select the use of 60, 70 or 80ns SIMM speeds.</p>
+
+<p>36 bits SIMMs work fine, 3 bits simply remain unused. Note the systems use Fast Page
+Mode memory, not EDO memory.</p>
+
+<p>The EB64+ SRM console code is housed in an UV-erasable EPROM. No easy flash SRM
+upgrades for the EB64+ The latest SRM version available for EB64+ is quite ancient
+anyway.</p>
+
+<p>The EB64+ SRM can boot both 53C810 and Qlogic1040 SCSI adapters. Pitfall for the
+Qlogic is that the firmware that is down-loaded by the SRM onto the Qlogic chip is very
+old. There are no updates for the EB64+ SRM available. So you are stuck with old Qlogic
+bits too. I have had quite some problems when I wanted to use Ultra-SCSI drives on the
+Alpine with Qlogic. The FreeBSD kernel can be compiled to include a much newer Qlogic
+firmware revision. This is not the default because it adds hundreds of kBytes worth of
+bloat to the kernel. In FreeBSD 4.1 and later the isp firmware is contained in a kernel
+loadable module. All of this might mean that you need to use a non-Qlogic adapter to boot
+from.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaPC64 boards generally come with ARC console firmware. SRM console code can be
+loaded from floppy into the Flash ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The IDE interface of the AlphaPC64 is not bootable from the SRM console. Enabling it
+requires the following line in the kernel configuration file:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device ata
+</pre>
+
+<p>The ATA interface uses irq 14.</p>
+
+<p>Note that the boards require a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts for the CPU.</p>
+
+<p>For the EB64 family machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_EB64PLUS            
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN439" name="AEN439">2.3.5. Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164,
+PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'') family</a></h4>
+
+<p>EB164 is a newer design evaluation board, based on the 21164A CPU. This design has
+been used to ``spin off'' multiple variations, some of which are used by OEM
+manufacturers/assembly shops. Samsung did its own PC164LX which has only 32 bit PCI,
+whereas the Digital variant has 64 bit PCI.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A, multiple speed variants [EB164, PC164, PC164LX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21164PC [only on PC164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21171 (Alcor) chip set [EB164]</p>
+
+<p>21172 (Alcor2) chip set [PC164]</p>
+
+<p>21174 (Pyxis) chip [164LX, 164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L3 cache: EB164 uses special cache-SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit / 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style SIMMs in sets of 4 or 8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>36 bit, Fast Page Mode, uses ECC, [EB164 / PC164]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, non-ECC or ECC can be used [PC164SX]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, uses ECC [PC164LX]</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 bits PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>64 bits PCI [some models]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISA slots via an Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Using 8 SIMMs for a 256bit wide memory can yield interesting speedups over a 4
+SIMM/128bit wide memory. Obviously all 8 SIMMs must be of the same type to make this
+work. The system must be explicitly setup to use the 8 SIMM memory arrangement. You must
+have 8 SIMMs, 4 SIMMs distributed over 2 banks will not work. For the AlphaPC164 you can
+have a maximum of 1Gbyte of RAM, using 8 128Mbyte SIMMs. The manual indicates the maximum
+is 512 Mbyte.</p>
+
+<p>The SRM can boot from Qlogic 10xx boards or the Symbios 53C810[A]. Newer Symbios 810
+revisions like the Symbios 810AE are not recognized by the SRM on PC164. PC164 SRM does
+not appear to recognize a Symbios 53C895 based host adapter (tested with a Tekram
+DC-390U2W). On the other hand some no-name Symbios 53C985 board has been reported to
+work. Cards like the Tekram DC-390F (Symbios875 based) have been confirmed to work fine
+on the PC164. Unfortunately this seems to be dependent on the actual version of the
+chip/board.</p>
+
+<p>Symbios 53C825[a] will also work as boot adapter. Diamond FirePort, although based on
+Symbios chips, is not bootable by the PC164SX SRM. PC164SX is reported to boot fine with
+Symbios825, Symbios875, Symbios895 and Symbios876 based cards. In addition, Adaptec 2940U
+and 2940UW are reported to work for booting (verified on SRM V5.7-1). Adaptec 2930U2 and
+2940U2[W] do not work.</p>
+
+<p>164LX and 164SX with SRM firmware version 5.8 or later can boot from Adaptec
+2940-series adapters. A test with an Adaptec 3940UW showed that that one is not supported
+however. 164SX SRM recognises Intel 8255x Ethernet cards which show up as eia. Using such
+a NIC allows network booting.</p>
+
+<p>In summary: this family of machines is ``blessed'' with a challenging compatibility as
+far as SCSI adapters go.</p>
+
+<p>On 164SX you can have a maximum of 1 Gbyte of RAM. 4 regular (PC100 or PC133) 256MB
+DIMMs are reported to work just fine. Whether 512MB DIMMs will also work is currently
+unknown. You can use ECC or non-ECC DIMMs. The non-ECC ones are the same as commonly
+found in PCs. Unfortunately the 164SX is quite picky on which DIMMs it likes, so be
+prepared to test and experiment.</p>
+
+<p>PCI bridge chips are sometimes not appreciated by the 164SX, they cause SRM errors and
+kernel panics in those cases. This seems to depend on the fact if the card is recognised,
+and therefore correctly initialised, by the SRM console. The 164SX' onboard IDE interface
+is quite slow, a Promise card gives a 3-4 times speed improvement.</p>
+
+<p>On PC164 the SRM sometimes seems to lose its variable settings. ``For PC164, current
+superstition says that, to avoid losing settings, you want to first downgrade to SRM 4.x
+and then upgrade to 5.x.'' One sample error that was observed was:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERROR: ISA table corrupt!
+</pre>
+
+<p>A sequence of a downgrade to SRM4.9, an</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ISACFG -INIT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>followed by</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">INIT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>made the problem go away. Some PC164 owners report they have never seen the
+problem.</p>
+
+<p>On PC164SX the AlphaBIOS allows you a selection to select SRM to be used as console on
+the next power up. This selection does not appear to have any effect. In other words, you
+will get the AlphaBIOS regardless of what you select. The fix is to reflash the console
+ROM with the SRM code for PC164SX. This will overwrite the AlphaBIOS and will get you the
+SRM console you desire. The SRM code can be found on the Compaq Web site.</p>
+
+<p>164LX can either have the SRM console code or the AlphaBIOS code in its flash ROM
+because the flash ROM is too small to hold both at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>PC164 can boot from IDE disks assuming your SRM version is recent enough.</p>
+
+<p>EB164 needs a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts. PC164 does not implement the PS_ON
+signal that ATX power supplies need to switch on. A simple switch pulling this signal to
+ground allows you to run a standard ATX power supply.</p>
+
+<p>For the EB164 class machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options         DEC_EB164
+cpu             EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN508" name="AEN508">2.3.6. AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and
+400 (``Avanti'') series</a></h4>
+
+<p>The Digital AlphaStation 200 and 400 series systems are early low end PCI based
+workstations. The 200 and 250 series are desktop boxes, the 400 series is a desk-side
+mini-tower.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 or 21064A CPU at speeds of 166 up to 333 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DECchip 21071-AA core logic chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bcache / L2 cache: 512 Kbytes (200 and 400 series) or 2048KBytes (250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>64 bit bus width</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 to 384 MBytes of RAM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>70 ns or better Fast Page DRAM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>in three pairs (200 and 400 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>in two quads, so banks of four. (250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>the memory subsystem uses parity</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>two 16550 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy disk interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 bit PCI expansion slots (3 for the AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38;
+250-series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISA expansion slots (4 for the AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38; 250-series) (some
+ISA/PCI slots are physically shared)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 21040-based Ethernet (200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Symbios 53c810 Fast SCSI-2 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82378IB (``Saturn'') PCI-ISA bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>graphics is embedded TGA or PCI VGA (model dependent)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 bit sound (on 200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The systems use parity memory SIMMs, but these do not need 36 bit wide SIMMs. 33 bit
+wide SIMMs are sufficient, 36 bit SIMMs are acceptable too. EDO or 32 bit SIMMs will not
+work. 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 Mbyte SIMMs are supported.</p>
+
+<p>The AS200 &#38; AS250 sound hardware is reported to work OK assuming you have the
+following line in your kernel config file:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>The sound device uses port 0x530, IRQ 10 and drq 0. You also need to specify flags
+0x10011 in the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt> file.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaStation 200 &#38; 250 series have an automatic SCSI terminator. This means that
+as soon as you plug a cable onto the external SCSI connector the internal terminator of
+the system is disabled. It also means that you should not leave unterminated cables
+plugged into the machine.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaStation 400 series have an SRM variable that controls termination. In case you
+have external SCSI devices connected you must set this SRM variable using</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM EXTERNAL</kbd>.
+</pre>
+
+<p>If only internal SCSI devices are present use:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM INTERNAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>For the AlphaStation-[24][05]00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_2100_A50
+cpu EV4
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN575" name="AEN575">2.3.7. AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor''
+&#38; ``Maverick'' for EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></h4>
+
+<p>AS500 and 600 were the high-end EV5 / PCI based workstations. EV6 based machines have
+in the meantime taken their place as front runners. AS500 is a desktop in a dark blue
+case (TopGun blue), AS600 is a sturdy desk-side box. AS600 has a nice LCD panel to
+observe the early stages of SRM startup.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5 CPU at 266, 300, 333, 366, 400, 433, 466, or 500 MHz (AS500) or at 266, 300
+or 333 MHz (AS600)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21171 (Alcor) or 21172 (Alcor2) core logic chip set</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cache:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 or 4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 266 MHz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 300 MHz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 or 8 Mb L3 / Bcache (8 Mb on 500 MHz version only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 to 16 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600; 3 cache-SIMM slots)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory buswidth: 256 bits</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS500 memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 72 bit wide buffered Fast Page Mode DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>8 DIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory is 1 GB (512 Mb max on 333 MHz CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS600 memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>32 SIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>maximum memory is 1 GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020 based wide SCSI bus (1 bus/chip for AS500, 2 buses/chip for AS600)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21040 based 10 Mbit Ethernet adapter, both Thinwire and UTP connectors</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AS500:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3 32-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 64-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS600:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 32-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 64-bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 PCI/EISA physically shared slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 EISA slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 PCI and 1 EISA slot are occupied by default</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21050 PCI-to-PCI bridge chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82375EB PCI-EISA bridge (AS600 only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 bit audio Windows Sound System, in a dedicated slot (AS500) in EISA slot (AS600,
+this is an ISA card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Early machines had Fast SCSI interfaces, later ones are Ultra SCSI capable. AS500
+shares its single SCSI bus with internal and external devices. For a Fast SCSI bus you
+are limited to 1.8 meters bus length external to the box. The AS500 Qlogic ISP1020A chip
+can be set to run in Ultra mode by setting a SRM variable. FreeBSD however follows the
+Qlogic chip errata and limits the bus speed to Fast.</p>
+
+<p>Beware of ancient SRM versions on AS500. When you see weird SCSI speeds being reported
+by FreeBSD like</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+cd0 at isp0 bus 0 target 4 lun 0
+cd0: &lt;DEC RRD45   DEC 0436&gt; Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device
+cd0: 250.000MB/s transfers (250.000MHz, offset 12)
+</pre>
+
+<p>it is time to do a SRM console firmware upgrade.</p>
+
+<p>AS600 has one Qlogic SCSI chip dedicated to the internal devices whereas the other
+Qlogic SCSI chip is dedicated to external SCSI devices. Keep the card, which apart from
+the two SCSI interfaces also houses the Ethernet chip by the way in the DEC-recommended,
+topmost, 32bit PCI slot. You get machine checks if you plug it into one of the 64 bit
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>In AS500 DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, in ``physically interleaved'' layout. So, a
+bank of 4 DIMMs is <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> 4 physically
+adjacent DIMMs. Note that the DIMMs are <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> SDRAM DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>In AS600 the memory SIMMs are placed onto two memory daughter cards. SIMMs are
+installed in sets of 8. Both memory daughter cards must be populated identically.</p>
+
+<p>Note that both AS500 and AS600 are EISA machines. This means you have to run the EISA
+Configuration Utility (ECU) from floppy after adding EISA cards or to change things like
+the configuration settings of the onboard I/O. For AS500 which does not have a physical
+EISA slot the ECU is used to configure the onboard sound interface etc.</p>
+
+<p>AS500 onboard sound can be used by adding a line like</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+device pcm
+</pre>
+
+<p>to the kernel configuration file.</p>
+
+<p>Using the ECU I configured my AS500 to use IRQ 10, port 0x530, drq 0. Corresponding
+entries along with flags 0x10011 must go into the <tt class="FILENAME">device.hints</tt>
+file. Note that the flags value is rather non-standard.</p>
+
+<p>AS600 has a peculiarity for its PCI slots. AS600 (or rather the PCI expansion card
+containing the SCSI adapters) does not allow I/O port mapping, therefore all devices
+behind it must use memory mapping. If you have problems getting the Qlogic SCSI adapters
+to work, add the following option to <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.rc</tt>:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+set isp_mem_map=0xff
+</pre>
+
+<p>This may need to be typed at the boot loader prompt before booting the installation
+kernel.</p>
+
+<p>For the AlphaStation-[56]00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN20AA 
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN687" name="AEN687">2.3.8. AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''),
+1000A (``Noritake'') and 800(``Corelle'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 1000 and 800 range of machines are intended as departmental servers.
+They come in quite some variations in packaging and mainboard/cpu. Generally speaking
+there are 21064 (EV4) CPU based machines and 21164 (EV5) based ones. The CPU is on a
+daughter card, and the type of CPU (EV4 or EV5) must match the mainboard in use.</p>
+
+<p>AlphaServer 800 has a much smaller mini tower case, it lacks the StorageWorks SCSI
+hot-plug chassis. The main difference between AS1000 and AS1000A is that AS1000A has 7
+PCI slots whereas AS1000 only has 3 PCI slots and has EISA slots instead.</p>
+
+<p>AS800 with an EV5/400 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a ``DIGITAL Server
+3300[R]'', AS800 with an EV5/500 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a ``DIGITAL
+Server 3305[R]''.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 EV4[5] CPU at 200, 233 or 266 MHz 21164 EV5[6] CPU at 300, 333 or 400 MHz (or
+500 MHz for AS800 only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>buswidth: 128 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS1000[A]:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>72pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs, 70ns or better</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 (EV5 machines) or 20 (EV4 machines) SIMM slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>max memory is 1 GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AS800: Uses 60ns 3.3 Volts EDO DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded VGA (on some mainboard models)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3 PCI, 2 EISA, 1 64-bit PCI/EISA combo (AS800)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>7 PCI, 2 EISA (AS1000A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 PCI, 1 EISA/PCI, 7 EISA (AS1000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded SCSI based on Symbios 810 [AS1000] or Qlogic 1020 [AS1000A]</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AS1000 based machines come in multiple enclosure types. Floor standing, rack-mount,
+with or without StorageWorks SCSI chassis etc. The electronics are the same.</p>
+
+<p>AS1000-systems: All EV4 based machines use standard PS/2 style 36 bit 72pin SIMMs in
+sets of 5. The fifth SIMM is used for ECC. All EV5 based machines use standard PS/2 style
+36 bit 72pin SIMMs in sets of 4. The ECC is done based on the 4 extra bits per SIMM (4
+bits out of 36). The EV5 mainboards have 16 SIMM slots, the EV4 mainboards have 20
+slots.</p>
+
+<p>AS800 machines use DIMMs in sets of 4. DIMM installation must start in slots marked
+bank 0. A bank is four physically adjacent slots. The biggest size DIMMs must be
+installed in bank 0 in case 2 banks of different DIMM sizes are used. Max memory size is
+2GB. Note that these are EDO DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>The AS1000/800 are somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. They need</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt; <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console.</p>
+
+<p>For AS800 you want to check if your Ultra-Wide SCSI is indeed in Ultra mode. This can
+be done using the <tt class="FILENAME">EEROMCFG.EXE</tt> utility that is on the Console
+Firmware Upgrade CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>For the AlphaServer1000/1000A/800 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_1000A
+cpu EV4     # depends on the CPU model installed
+cpu EV5     # depends on the CPU model installed
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN743" name="AEN743">2.3.9. DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') /
+XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L (``Slate'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>Webbrick and Monet are high performance workstations/servers based on the EV6 CPU and
+the Tsunami chipset. Tsunami is also used in much higher-end systems and as such has
+plenty of performance to offer. DS10, VS10 and XP900 are different names for essentially
+the same system. The differences are the software and options that are supported. DS10L
+is a DS10 based machine in a 1U high rackmount enclosure. DS10L is intended for ISPs and
+for HPTC clusters (e.g. Beowulf)</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN749" name="AEN749">2.3.9.1. ``Webbrick / Slate''</a></h5>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 466 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 2MB, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit via crossbar, 1.3GB/sec memory bandwidth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>industry standard 200 pin 83 MHz buffered ECC SDRAM DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>4 DIMM slots for DS10; 2GB max memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 DIMM slots for DS10L; 1GB max memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 on-board 21143 Fast Ethernet controllers</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V) USB controller (disabled)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs Aladdin ATA-33 controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded dual EIDE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 64-bit PCI slots and 1 32-bit PCI slot. DS10L has a single 64bit PCI
+slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The system has a smart power controller. This means that parts of the system remain
+powered when it is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). Before servicing the
+machine remove the power cord.</p>
+
+<p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When enabled, typing <b
+class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you
+to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
+set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin help.</p>
+
+<p>Webbrick is shipped in a desktop-style case similar to the older 21164 ``Maverick''
+workstations but this case offers much better access to the components. If you intend to
+build a farm you can rackmount them in a 19-inch rack; they are 3U high. Slate is 1U high
+but has only one PCI slot.</p>
+
+<p>DS10 has 4 DIMM slots. DIMMs are installed as pairs. Please note that DIMM pairs are
+not installed in adjacent DIMM sockets but rather physically interleaved. DIMM sizes of
+32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 Mbytes are supported.</p>
+
+<p>When 2 pairs of identical-sized DIMMs are installed DS10 will use memory interleaving
+for increased performance. DS10L, which has only 2 DIMM slots cannot do interleaving.</p>
+
+<p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters
+in addition to the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160
+gives you dual channel LVD U160 SCSI which is bootable from SRM.</p>
+
+<p>The base model comes with a FUJITSU 9.5GB ATA disk as its boot device. FreeBSD works
+just fine using EIDE disks on Webbrick. DS10 has 2 IDE interfaces on the mainboard.
+Machines destined for Tru64 Unix or VMS are standard equipped with Qlogic-driven
+Ultra-SCSI disks</p>
+
+<p>On the PCI bus 32 and 64 bit cards are supported, in 3.3V and 5V variants.</p>
+
+<p>The USB ports are not supported and are disabled by the SRM console in all recent SRM
+versions.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt>
+defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is
+mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN814" name="AEN814">2.3.9.2. ``Monet''</a></h5>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 at 500 MHz 21264 EV67 at 500 or 667 MHz (XP1000G, codenamed Brisbane) CPU is
+mounted on a daughter-card which is field-upgradable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4MB, ECC protected</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 128 or 256 Mbytes 100 MHz (PC100) 168 pin JEDEC standard, registered ECC SDRAM
+DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 on-board 21143 Ethernet controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 USB controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cypress 82C693 controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called
+``hoses'':</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>hose 0: (the upper 3 slots) 2 64-bit PCI slots 1 32-bit PCI slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>hose 1: (the bottom 2 slots) 2 32-bit PCI slots (behind a 21154 PCI-PCI bridge)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 of the 64-bit PCI slots are for full-length cards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>all of the 32-bit PCI slots are for short cards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 of the 32-bit PCI slots is physically shared with an ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>all PCI slots run at 33MHz</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI port based on a Qlogic 1040 chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 16-bit ESS ES1888 sound chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>graphics options: ELSA Gloria Synergy or DEC/Compaq PowerStorm 3D accelerator
+cards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Monet is housed in a mini-tower like enclosure quite similar to the Miata box.</p>
+
+<p>The on-board Qlogic UW-SCSI chip supports up to 4 internal devices. There is no
+external connector for the on-board SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>For 500 MHz CPUs 83 MHz DIMMs will do. Compaq specifies PC100 DIMMs for all CPU
+speeds. DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, starting with the DIMM slots marked ``0''
+Memory capacity is max 4 GB. DIMMs are installed ``physically interleaved'', note the
+markings of the slots. Memory bandwidth of Monet is twice that of Webbrick. The DIMMs
+live on the CPU daughter-card. Note that the system uses ECC RAM so you need DIMMs with
+72 bits (not the generic PC-class 64 bit DIMMs)</p>
+
+<p>The EIDE interface is usable / SRM bootable so FreeBSD can be rooted on an EIDE disk.
+Although the Cypress chip has potential for 2 EIDE channels Monet uses only one of
+them.</p>
+
+<p>The USB interface is supported by FreeBSD.If you experience problems trying to use the
+USB interface please check if the SRM variable <code class="VARNAME">usb_enable</code> is
+set to <tt class="LITERAL">on</tt>. You can change this by performing:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET USB_ENABLE ON</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> Don&quot;t try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots
+connected to hose 1. There is a not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working
+correctly.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI bridge (so in slots 4 and
+5). Only cards that implement VGA-legacy addressing correctly will work. Workaround is to
+put the VGA card ``before'' the bridge.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>The sound chip is not currently supported with FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt>
+defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is
+mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN894" name="AEN894">2.3.10. DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 500 or 670 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual CPU capable machine</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: dual 256 bit wide with crossbar switch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SDRAM DIMMs</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>installed in sets of 4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>uses ECC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Adaptec ? Wide Ultra SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>DS20 needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient. Going back to a graphical console needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console. Confusing is the fact that you will get SRM console output on
+the graphics console with the console set to serial, but when FreeBSD boots it honors the
+<tt class="LITERAL">CONSOLE</tt> variable setting and all the boot messages as well as
+the login prompt will go to the serial port.</p>
+
+<p>The DS20 is housed in a fat cube-like enclosure. The enclosure also contains a
+StorageWorks SCSI hot-swap shelf for a maximum of seven 3.5&quot; SCSI devices. The DS20E
+is in a sleeker case, and lacks the StorageWorks shelf.</p>
+
+<p>The system has a smart power controller. This means that parts of the system remain
+powered when it is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply). Before servicing the
+machine remove the power cord(s).</p>
+
+<p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When enabled, typing <b
+class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will bring you
+to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
+set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin help.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Adaptec SCSI chip on the DS20 is disabled and is therefore not usable
+under FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters
+in addition to the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. This unfortunately does
+not include the embedded Adaptec SCSI chips. You can use a KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160 for
+dual channel LVD U160 SCSI, which is bootable from SRM.</p>
+
+<p>If you are using banks of DIMMs of different sizes the biggest DIMMs should be
+installed in the DIMM slots marked <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> on the mainboard. The DIMM
+slots should be filled ``in order'' so after bank 0 install in bank 1 and so on.</p>
+
+<p>Don't try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots connected to hose
+1. There is a not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working correctly. DS20
+ships by default with a Symbios on hose 1 so you have to move this card before you can
+install/boot FreeBSD on it.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt>
+defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is
+mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN963" name="AEN963">2.3.11. AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></h4>
+
+<p>UP2000 was built by Alpha Processor Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 EV6 CPU at 670 or 750 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>dual CPU capable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: SDRAM DIMMs installed in sets of 4, uses ECC, 16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21272 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Adaptec AIC7890/91 Wide Ultra2 SCSI chips</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded IDE based on Cypress 82C693 chips</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded USB via Cypress 82C693</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ISA slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Currently a maximum of 2GB memory is supported by FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>The on-board Adaptec SCSI HBAs are bootable on UP2000.</p>
+
+<p>Busmaster DMA is supported on the first IDE interface only. The system can boot from
+it's IDE hard drives and cdrom drives.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600    
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt>
+defined for inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is
+mandatory to keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1009" name="AEN1009">2.3.12. AlphaServer 2000
+(``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A (``Lynx'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 2[01]00 machines are intended as departmental servers. This is medium
+iron. They are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs (AS2000) or 4 CPUs (2100[A]) can be
+installed. Both floor-standing and 19&quot; rackmount boxes exist. Rackmount variations
+have different numbers of I/O expansion slots, different max number of CPUs and different
+maximum memory size. Some of the boxes come with an integral StorageWorks shelf to house
+hot-swap SCSI disks. There was an upgrade program available to convert your Sable machine
+into a Lynx by swapping the I/O backplane (the C-bus backplane remains). CPU upgrades
+were available as well.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21064 EV4[5] CPU[s] at 200, 233, 275 MHz or 21164 EV5[6] CPU[s]s at 250, 300, 375, 400
+MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: varies in size with the CPU model; 1, 4 or 8Mbyte per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller driving a 2.88 Mbytes drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded 10Mbit 21040 Ethernet [AS2100 only]</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The CPUs spec-ed as 200 MHz are in reality running at 190 MHz. Maximum number of CPUs
+is 4. All CPUs must be of the same type/speed.</p>
+
+<p>If any of the processors are ever marked as failed, they will remain marked as failed
+even after they have been replaced (or reseated) until you issue the command</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">CLEAR_ERROR ALL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>on the SRM console and power-cycle the machine. This may be true for other modules (IO
+and memory) as well, but it has not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>The machines use dedicated memory boards. These boards live on a 128 bit C-bus shared
+with the CPU boards. DemiSable supports up to 1GB, Sable up to 2GB. One of the memory bus
+slots can either hold a CPU or a memory card. A 4 CPU machine can have a maximum of 2
+memory boards.</p>
+
+<p>Some memory board models house SIMMs. These are called SIMM carriers. There are also
+memory modules that have soldered-on memory chips instead of SIMMs. These are called
+``flat memory modules''.</p>
+
+<p>SIMM boards are used in sets of eight 72-pin 36 bit FPM memory of 70ns or faster. SIMM
+types supported are 1M x36 bit (4 Mbyte), 2M x36bit (8 Mbyte) and 4M x36 bit (16 Mbyte).
+Each memory board can house 4 banks of SIMMs. SIMM sizes can not be mixed on a single
+memory board. The first memory module must be filled with SIMMs before starting to fill
+the next memory module. Note that the spacing between the slots is not that big, so make
+sure your SIMMs fit physically (before buying them..)</p>
+
+<p>Both Lynx and Sable are somewhat stubborn when it comes to serial consoles. They
+need</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE SERIAL</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the keyboard from the machine is not
+sufficient, like it is on many other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical console
+needs</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>at the serial console. On Lynx keep the VGA card in one of the primary PCI slots. EISA
+VGA cards are not slot sensitive.</p>
+
+<p>The machines are equipped with a small OCP (Operator Control Panel) LCD screen. On
+this screen the self-test messages are displayed during system initialization. You can
+put your own little text there by using the SRM:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET OCP_TEXT "FreeBSD"
+     </kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>The SRM</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW FRU</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>command produces an overview of your configuration with module serial numbers,
+hardware revisions and error log counts.</p>
+
+<p>Both Sable, DemiSable and Lynx have Symbios 810 based Fast SCSI on-board. Check if it
+is set to Fast SCSI speed by</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SHOW PKA0_FAST</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>When set to 1 it is negotiating for Fast speeds.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">SET PKA0_FAST 1</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>enables Fast SCSI speeds.</p>
+
+<p>AS2100[A] come equipped with a StorageWorks 7 slot SCSI cage. A second cage can be
+added inside the cabinet. AS2000 has a single 7 slot SCSI cage, which cannot be expanded
+with an additional one. Note that the slot locations in these cages map differently to
+SCSI IDs compared to the standard StorageWorks shelves. Slot IDs from top to bottom are
+0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3 when using a single bus configuration.</p>
+
+<p>The cage can also be set to provide two independent SCSI buses. This is used for
+embedded RAID controllers like the KZPSC (Mylex DAC960). Slot ID assignments for split
+bus are, from top to bottom: 0A, 0B, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B. Where A and B signify a SCSI
+bus. In a single bus configuration the terminator module on the back of the SCSI cage is
+on the TOP. The jumper module is on the BOTTOM. For split bus operation these two modules
+are reversed. The terminator can be distinguished from the jumper by noting the chips on
+the terminator. The jumper does not have any active components on it.</p>
+
+<p>DemiSable has 7 EISA slots and 3 PCI slots. Sable has 8 EISA and 3 PCI slots. Lynx,
+being newer, has 8 PCI and 3 EISA slots. The Lynx PCI slots are grouped in sets of 4. The
+4 PCI slots closest to the CPU/memory slots are the primary slots, so logically before
+the PCI bridge chip. Note that contrary to expectation the primary PCI slots are the
+highest numbered ones (PCI4 - PCI7).</p>
+
+<p>Make sure you run the EISA Configuration Utility (from floppy) when adding/change
+expansion cards in EISA slots or after upgrading your console firmware. This is done by
+inserting the ECU floppy and typing</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">RUNECU</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> EISA slots are currently unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA
+VGA adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore works OK as a console.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>A special Extended I/O module for use on the C-bus was planned-for. If they ever saw
+daylight is unknown. In any case FreeBSD has never been verified with an ExtIO
+module.</p>
+
+<p>The machines can be equipped with redundant power supplies. Note that the enclosure is
+equipped with interlock switches that switch off power when the enclosure is opened. The
+system's cooling fans are speed controlled. When the machine has more than 2 CPUs and
+more than 1 memory board dual power supplies are mandatory.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_2100_A500
+cpu EV4 #dependent on CPU model installed
+cpu EV5 #dependent on CPU model installed
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1080" name="AEN1080">2.3.13. AlphaServer 4x00
+(``Rawhide'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 4x00 machines are intended as small enterprise servers. Expect a
+30&quot; high pedestal cabinet or alternatively the same system box in a 19&quot; rack.
+Rawhides are multi-CPU machines, up to 4 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk
+storage is housed in one or two StorageWorks shelves at the bottom of the pedestal. The
+Rawhides intended for the NT market are designated DIGITAL Server 7300 (5/400 CPU),
+DIGITAL Server 7305 (5/533 CPU). A trailing R on the part-number means a rackmount
+variant.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5 CPUs at 266, 300, 333 MHz or 21164A EV56 CPUs at 400, 466, 533, 600 Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU. EV5 300 MHz was also available cache-less. 8 Mbytes for EV56
+600Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Rawhide can be equipped with a variety of CPU modules. CPU modules exist in versions
+with and without external cache. In all cases the CPU modules installed always must be of
+the same speed. A mix of NT-only and full-blown Tru64/VMS CPUs works fine. It will
+however result in the system reporting itself to the operating system as a Digital Server
+730x (so the NT-only variant). FreeBSD does not care, but such a system will not allow
+Tru64 or VMS to run.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide uses a maximum of 8 RAM modules. These modules are used in pairs and supply 72
+bits to the bus (this includes ECC bits). Memory can be EDO RAM or synchronous DRAM. A
+fully populated AS4100 has 4 pairs of memory modules. The AS4000 model is limited to 2
+pairs of memory modules. Given the choice use SDRAM for best performance. The highest
+capacity memory boards must be in the memory slots marked MEM0L and MEM0H. A mix of
+memory board sizes is allowed. A mix of EDO and SDRAM works as well (assuming you don't
+try to mix EDO and SDRAM in a single module pair). A mix of EDO and SDRAM results in the
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">entire</i></span> memory subsystem running at
+the slower EDO timing.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide has an embedded Symbios 810 chip that gives you a narrow fast-SCSI bus.
+Generally only the SCSI CDROM is driven by this interface.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhides are available with a 8 64-bit PCI / 3 EISA slot expansion backplanes (called
+``Saddle'' modules). There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0 and PCI1. PCI0 has 1 dedicated
+PCI slot and (shared) 3 PCI/EISA slots. PCI0 also has a PCI/EISA bridge that drives
+things like the serial and parallel ports, keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has 4 PCI slots and a
+Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA console cards must be installed in a slot connected to
+PCI0.</p>
+
+<p>The current FreeBSD implementation has problems in handling PCI bridges. There is
+currently a limited fix in place which allows for single level, single device PCI
+bridges. The fix allows the use of the Digital supplied Qlogic SCSI card which sits
+behind a 21054 PCI bridge chip.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> EISA slots are currently unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA
+VGA adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore works as a console. In case you use
+EISA options in your machine you must run the EISA Configuration Utility (ECU) from
+floppy. Do yourself a favor and use the Tru64/OpenVMS ECU, and not the WindowsNT ECU.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Rawhide employs an I2C based power controller system. If you want to be sure all power
+is removed from the system remove all mains cables from the system.</p>
+
+<p>Rawhide comes with RCM functionality, which means you can power it on/off remotely,
+reset it etc. See also the description for the RMC in the DS10 section of this document.
+RCM versus RMC is not a typo, the various documentation I consulted used both acronyms
+interchangably. Note that if you want remote power on/off to function you need to connect
+a small DC adapter to the machine in order to have the RCM logic powered. You need to
+supply 9-12V DC to the small inlet located next to the keyboard connector.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN300
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1113" name="AEN1113">2.3.14. AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'')
+and AlphaStation 1200 (``DaVinci'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 1200 machine is the successor to the AlphaServer 1000A. It uses the
+same enclosure the 1000A uses, but the logic is based on the AlphaServer 4000 design.
+These are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk storage
+is housed in a StorageWorks shelves The AS1200 intended for the NT market were designated
+DIGITAL Server 5300 (5/400 CPU) and DIGITAL Server 5305 (5/533 CPU).</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164A EV56 CPUs at 400 or 533 Mhz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC, DIMM memory on two memory daughter boards</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded floppy controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 serial ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AS1200 uses 2 memory daughter cards. On each of these cards are 8 DIMM slots. DIMMs
+must be installed in pairs. The maximum memory size is 4 GBytes. Slots must be filled in
+order and slot 0 must contain the largest size DIMM if different sized DIMMs are used.
+AS1200 employs fixed starting addresses for DIMMs, each DIMM pair starts at a 512 Mbyte
+boundary. This means that if DIMMs smaller than 256 Mbyte are used the system's physical
+memory map will contain ``holes''. Supported DIMM sizes are 64 Mbytes and 256 Mbytes. The
+DIMMs are 72 bit SDRAM based, as the system employs ECC.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> FreeBSD currently supports up to 2GBytes</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>AS1200 has an embedded Symbios 810 drive Fast SCSI bus.</p>
+
+<p>Tincup has 5 64-bit PCI slots, one 1 32-bit PCI slot and one EISA slot (which is
+physically shared with one of the 64-bit PCI slots). There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0
+and PCI1. PCI0 has the 32-bit PCI slot and the 2 top-most 64-bit PCI slots. PCI0 also has
+an Intel 82375EB PCI/EISA bridge that drives things like the serial and parallel ports,
+keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has 4 64-bit PCI slots and a Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA console
+cards must be installed in a slot connected to PCI0.</p>
+
+<p>The system employs an I2C based power controller system. If you want to be sure all
+power is removed from the system remove the mains cables from the system. Tincup uses
+dual power supplies in load-sharing mode and not as a redundancy pair.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN300
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1143" name="AEN1143">2.3.15. AlphaServer 8200 and 8400
+(``TurboLaser'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 machines are enterprise servers. Expect a tall 19&quot;
+cabinet (8200) or fat (8400) 19&quot; rack. This is big iron, not a hobbyist system.
+TurboLasers are multi-CPU machines, up to 12 CPUs can be in a single machine. The
+TurboLaser System Bus (TLSB) allows 9 nodes on the AS8400 and 5 nodes on the AS8200. TLSB
+is 256 bit data, 40 bit address allowing 2.1 GBytes/sec. Nodes on the TLSB can be CPUs,
+memory or I/O. A maximum of 3 I/O ports are supported on a TLSB.</p>
+
+<p>Basic disk storage is housed in a StorageWorks shelf. AS8400 uses 3 phase power,
+AS8200 uses single phase power.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21164 EV5/EV56 CPUs at up to 467 MHz or 21264 EV67 CPUs at up to 625 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>one or two CPUs per CPU module</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>cache: 4Mbytes B-cache per CPU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256 bit with ECC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: big memory modules that plug into the TLSB, which in turn hold special SIMM
+modules. Memory modules come in varying sizes, up to 4 GBytes a piece. Uses ECC (8 bits
+per 64 bits of data) 7 memory modules max for AS8400, 3 modules max for AS8200. Maximum
+memory is 28 GBytes.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 system ``I/O ports'' that allow up to 12 I/O channels each I/O channel
+can connect to XMI, Futurebus+ or PCI boxes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>FreeBSD supports (and has been tested with) up to 2 GBytes of memory on TurboLaser.
+There is a trade-off to be made between TLSB slots occupied by memory modules and TLSB
+slots occupied by CPU modules. For example you can have 28GBytes of memory but only 2
+CPUs (1 module) at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>Only PCI expansion is supported on FreeBSD. XMI or Futurebus+ (which are AS8400 only)
+are both unsupported.</p>
+
+<p>The I/O port modules are designated KFTIA or KFTHA. The I/O port modules supply so
+called ``hoses'' that connect to up to 4 (KFTHA) PCI buses or 1 PCI bus (KFTIA). KFTIA
+has embedded dual 10baseT Ethernet, single FDDI, 3 SCSI Fast Wide Differential SCSI buses
+and a single Fast Wide Single Ended SCSI bus. The FWSE SCSI is intended for the
+CDROM.</p>
+
+<p>KFTHA can drive via each of its 4 hoses a DWLPA or DWLPB box. The DWLPx house a 12
+slots 32 bit PCI backplane. Physically the 12 slots are 3 4-slot buses but to the
+software it appears as a single 12 slots PCI bus. A fully expanded AS8x00 can have 3 (I/O
+ports) times 4 (hoses) times 12 (PCI slots/DWLPx) = 144 PCI slots. The maximum bandwidth
+per KFTHA is 500 Mbytes/second. DWLPA can also house 8 EISA cards, 2 slots are PCI-only,
+2 slots are EISA only. Of the 12 slots 2 are always occupied by an I/O and connector
+module. DWLPB are the prefered I/O boxes.</p>
+
+<p>For best performance distribute high bandwidth (FibreChannel, Gigabit Ethernet) over
+multiple hoses and/or multiple KFTHA/KFTIA.</p>
+
+<p>Currently PCI expansion cards containing PCI bridges are not usable with FreeBSD.
+Don't use them at this time.</p>
+
+<p>The single ended narrow SCSI bus on the KFTIA will turn up as the <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">fourth</i></span> SCSI bus. The 3 fast-wide
+differential SCSI buses of the KFTIA precede it.</p>
+
+<p>AS8x00 are generally run with serial consoles. Some newer machines might have a
+graphical console of some sorts but FreeBSD has only been tested on a serial console.</p>
+
+<p>For serial console usage either change <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ttys</tt> to
+have:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+console "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
+</pre>
+
+<p>as the console entry, or add</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+zs0     "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
+</pre>
+
+<p>For the AlphaServer 8x00 machines the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_KN8AE   # Alpha 8200/8400 (Turbolaser)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to
+keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1186" name="AEN1186">2.3.16. Alpha Processor Inc.
+UP1000</a></h4>
+
+<p>The UP1000 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a CPU which itself lives in a Slot B
+module. It is normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha CPU at 600 or 700 MHz in a Slot B module (includes cooling fans)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 128 bits to the L2 cache, 64 bits from Slot B to the AMD-751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2MB (600Mhz) or 4MB (700Mhz)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1543C PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are
+64, 128 or 256 Mb in size</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Ultra DMA33 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB ports</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>4 32 bit PCI slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 ISA slots</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 AGP slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Slot B is a box-like enclosure that houses a daughter-board for the CPU and cache. It
+has 2 small fans for cooling. Loud fans..</p>
+
+<p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. This does not appear to be
+documented in the UP1000 docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the DIMMs via the
+SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM is used it must be installed in slot <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1000 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply according to the manufacturer. This might
+be a bit overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power consumption of the board
+&#38; cpu. But as always you will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals into
+account. The M1543C chip contains power management functionality &#38; temperature
+monitoring (via I2C / SM bus).</p>
+
+<p>Chances are that your UP1000 comes by default with AlphaBios only. The SRM console
+firmware is available from the Alpha Processor Inc. web site. It is currently available
+in a beta version which was successfully used during the port of FreeBSD to the
+UP1000.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>UP1000 SRM can boot off an Adaptec 294x adapter. Under high I/O load conditions
+machine lockups have been observed using the Adaptec 294x. A Symbios 875 based card works
+just fine, using the sym driver. Most likely other cards based on the Symbios chips that
+the sym driver supports will work as well.</p>
+
+<p>The USB interfaces are disabled by the SRM console and have not (yet) been tested with
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>For the UP1000 the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1235" name="AEN1235">2.3.17. Alpha Processor Inc.
+UP1100</a></h4>
+
+<p>The UP1100 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a CPU running at 600 MHz. It is
+normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha EV6 CPU at 600 or 700 MHz</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 100MHz 64-bit (PC-100 SDRAM), 800 MB/s memory bandwidth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2Mb</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1535D PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3 DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are
+64, 128 or 256 Mb in size</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>floppy interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 embedded Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 USB port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 3 32 bit PCI slots and 1 AGP2x slot</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the UP1100. The SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash
+ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones. This does not appear to be
+documented in the UP1100 docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the DIMMs via the
+SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM is used it must be installed in slot <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply according to the manufacturer. This might
+be a bit overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power consumption of the board
+&#38; cpu. But as always you will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals into
+account. The M1535D chip contains power management functionality &#38; temperature
+monitoring (via I2C / SM bus using a LM75 thermal sensor).</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 has an on-board 21143 10/100Mbit Ethernet interface.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 is equipped with a SoundBlaster compatible audio interface. Whether it
+works with FreeBSD is as of yet unknown.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The UP1100 has 3 USB ports, 2 going external and one connected to the AGP port.</p>
+
+<p>For the UP1100 the kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to
+keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1283" name="AEN1283">2.3.18. Alpha Processor Inc. CS20,
+Compaq DS20L</a></h4>
+
+<p>The CS20 is a 19&quot;, 1U high rackmount server based on the 21264[ab] CPU. It can
+have a maximum of 2 CPUs. Compaq sells the CS20 rebranded as the AlphaServer DS20L. DS20L
+has 833MHz CPUs.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264a Alpha CPU at 667 MHz or 21264b 833 MHz (max. 2 CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 100MHz 256-bit wide</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Labs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge controller / super-IO chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 168-pin PC100 PLL buffered/registered SDRAM DIMMS, 8 DIMM slots, uses ECC
+memory, min 256 Mbytes / max 2 GBytes of memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded dual Intel 82559 10/100Mbit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>embedded Symbios 53C1000 Ultra160 SCSI controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI slots (2/3 length)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the CS20. The SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash
+ROM.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 needs ECC capable DIMMs. Note that it uses <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">buffered</i></span> DIMMs.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 has an I2C based internal monitoring system for things like temperature,
+fans, voltages etc. The I2C also supports ``wake on LAN''.</p>
+
+<p>Each PCI slot is connected to its own independent PCI bus on the Tsunami.</p>
+
+<p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by the SRM console.</p>
+
+<p>The CS20 has an embedded slim-line IDE CD drive. There is a front-accessible bay for a
+1&quot; high 3.5&quot; SCSI hard-disk drive with SCA connector.</p>
+
+<p>Note that there is no floppy disk drive (or a connector to add one).</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options    DEC_ST6600
+cpu EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to
+keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1330" name="AEN1330">2.3.19. Compaq AlphaServer ES40
+(``Clipper'')</a></h4>
+
+<p>The ES40 is a SMP system that can have 1 - 4 21264 Alpha CPUs. With the maximum
+configuration of 32GB of memory these systems are often deployed as heavy database
+servers and are also found in HPTC compute farm environments.</p>
+
+<p>Features:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>21264 Alpha CPU at 500 (EV6), 667 (EV67) or 833 MHz (EV68) (max. 4 CPUs)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory bus: 256-bit wide</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>21272 Core Logic chipset</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>memory: 200-pin JEDEC standard SDRAM DIMMS, max 32 GBytes of memory</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>2 16550A serial port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI buses</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SRM console code comes standard with the ES40.</p>
+
+<p>ES40 comes with an ATA CDROM drive, but uses SCSI harddisks. The usual Symbios &#38;
+Qlogic adapters are bootable, as is the KZPEA aka Adaptec 39160 dual channel LVD U160
+adapter.</p>
+
+<p>Memory is divided in 4 memory arrays which each contain a set of 4 SDRAM DIMMs. Each
+DIMM is 72 bit wide and of the 100MHz speed variant. An array can contain 2 sets, so 8
+DIMMs max per array. The DIMMs live on Memory Mother Boards (MMBs). There are 2 MMB
+models, with 4 and 8 DIMM sockets respectively. Each MMB provides half of the 256 bit
+memory bus width to the CPUs. Given the myriad options for the memory configuration it is
+advisable to check the system documentation for the optimum memory configuration.</p>
+
+<p>Dependent on the model variation the ES40 has 6 or 10 64 bit PCI slots. This is
+basically just means the same backplane with less connectors mounted.</p>
+
+<p>ES40 has the same RMC remote power control as DS10 and DS20. See the description of
+the RMC in the DS10 section of this document. Most variations of ES40 have multiple power
+supplies, allowing for N+1 redundancy. When installing CPU cards you must unplug all
+power cords, the CPU cards receive standby power from the power supplies. Maximum memory
+configurations need more than the default number of powersupplies.</p>
+
+<p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+options   DEC_ST6600
+cpu     EV5
+</pre>
+
+<p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
+inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to
+keep <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+happy.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1367" name="AEN1367">2.4. Supported Hardware
+Overview</a></h3>
+
+<p>A word of caution: the installed base for FreeBSD is not nearly as large as for
+FreeBSD/Intel. This means that the enormous variation of PCI/ISA expansion cards out
+there has much less chance of having been tested on alpha than on Intel. This is not to
+imply they are doomed to fail, just that the chance of running into something never
+tested before is much higher. <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> contains things that are
+known to work on Alpha only.</p>
+
+<p>The PCI and ISA expansion busses are fully supported. Turbo Channel is not in <tt
+class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> and has limited support (see the relevant machine model
+info). The MCA bus is not supported. The EISA bus is not supported for use with EISA
+expansion cards as the EISA support code is lacking. ISA cards in EISA slots are reported
+to work. The Compaq Qvision EISA VGA card is driven in ISA mode and works OK as a
+console.</p>
+
+<p>1.44 Mbyte and 1.2 Mbyte floppy drives are supported. 2.88 Mbyte drives sometimes
+found in Alpha machines are supported up to 1.44Mbyte.</p>
+
+<p>ATA and ATAPI (IDE) devices are supported via the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
+framework. As most people run their Alphas with SCSI disks it is not as well tested as
+SCSI. Be aware of boot-ability restrictions for IDE disks. See the machine specific
+information.</p>
+
+<p>There is full SCSI support via the CAM layer for Adaptec 2940x (AIC7xxx chip-based),
+Qlogic family and Symbios. Those of you interested in U160 SCSI might want to take a look
+at an Adaptec 39160 dual channel LVD U160 adapter. Compaq calls this a KZPEA adapter.
+Recent Alpha models have SRM versions that can boot from them. In general be aware of the
+machine-specific boot-ability issues for the various adapter models. Where known they are
+listed in the individual machine descriptions.</p>
+
+<p>The Qlogic QL2x00 FibreChannel host adapters are fully supported.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to boot your Alpha over the Ethernet you will obviously need an Ethernet
+card that the SRM console recognizes. This generally means you need a board with an 21x4x
+Ethernet chip as that is what Digital used. These chips are driven by the FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> (older driver)
+or <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> (newer driver).
+Some new SRM versions are known to recognize the Intel 8255x Ethernet chips as driven by
+the FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver.
+But beware: the <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is
+reported not to work correctly with FreeBSD (although it works excellently on
+FreeBSD/x86).</p>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI network adapters are supported on alpha.</p>
+
+<p>In general the SRM console emulates a VGA-compatibility mode on PCI VGA cards. This
+is, however, not guaranteed to work by Compaq/DEC for each and every card type out there.
+When the SRM thinks the VGA is acceptable FreeBSD will be able to use it. The console
+driver works just like on a FreeBSD/intel machine. Please note that VESA modes are not
+supported on Alpha, so that leaves you with 80x25 consoles.</p>
+
+<p>In some Alpha machines you will find video adapters based on TGA chips. The plain TGA
+adapter does not emulate VGA and is therefore not usable for a FreeBSD console. TGA2
+cards have a basic VGA compatibility mode and work fine as FreeBSD consoles.</p>
+
+<p>The ``PC standard'' serial ports found on most Alphas are supported.</p>
+
+<p>ISDN (i4b) is not supported on FreeBSD/alpha.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1399" name="AEN1399">2.5. Acknowledgments</a></h3>
+
+<p>In compiling this file I used multiple information sources, but <a
+href="http://www.netbsd.org/" target="_top">the NetBSD Web site</a> proved to be an
+invaluable source of information. If it wasn't for NetBSD/alpha there probably would not
+be a FreeBSD/alpha in the first place.</p>
+
+<p>People who kindly helped me create this section:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Andrew Gallatin <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:gallatin@FreeBSD.org">gallatin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Chuck Robey <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:chuckr@FreeBSD.org">chuckr@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matthew Jacob <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:mjacob@FreeBSD.org">mjacob@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Michael Smith <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:msmith@FreeBSD.org">msmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>David O'Brien <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:obrien@FreeBSD.org">obrien@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code></p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Christian Weisgerber</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kazutaka YOKOTA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nick Maniscalco</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eric Schnoebelen</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peter van Dijk</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peter Jeremy</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolf de Waal</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Wim Lemmers, ex-Compaq</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Wouter Brackman, Compaq</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lodewijk van den Berg, Compaq</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ Alpha/AXP.
+ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.
+đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù SCSI É ËÁ̉ÔÙ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p>úÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ SRM.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p>úÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ SRM. DAC960
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Digital/Compaq Ä̀Ñ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Alpha × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ̃ÁÓÔÉ StorageWorks
+family, Ô.Å. KZPSC É̀É KZPAC ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ SRM. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÉ ËÁ̉ÔÙ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ 2.x firmware. úÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ SRM ÎÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ firmware ÎÅ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉Ñ̀ÁÓØ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× NCR/Symbios SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ É̀É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ × ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËƠÀ Đ̀ÁÔƠ, É̀É ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ËÁ̉ÔÙ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929, LSI Logic FC929X (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÙ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ AMD PCnet/FAST,
+PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO É PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-528TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Winbond W89C840F ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Fast Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, É Rhine III ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 É SiS 7016 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast
+Ethernet É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ËÁË É ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÅ
+National Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ National Semiconductor DP83820 É DP83821 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit
+Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Sundance Technologies ST201 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù
+Fast Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-580TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Texas Instruments ThunderLAN ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet É Fast Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Compaq PCI Ethernet. ôÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÁËÖÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet × ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ Compaq Prosignia É
+ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØÎÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Compaq Deskpro, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded
+adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á 3C656 ËÁ̉Ô CardBus É 3C556 ËÁ̉Ô MiniPCI ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ
+Đ̉ÏĐ̉ÉÅÔÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ. îÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>, ÎÉ ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á Intel 82540, 82541ER,
+82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546, 82546EB, 82546GB É 82547:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Intel 82542 É
+82543:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ï× Sun
+UltraSPARC. ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S É RTL8110S ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet É
+Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="TOKENRING" name="TOKENRING">3.3. Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.4. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.5. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.6. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.7. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.8. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.9. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, É 16550 ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ AST ÎÁ 4 ĐÏ̉ÔÁ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+
+<p>Comtrol Rocketport ËÁ̉ÔÁ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.10. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Advance Asound 100 and 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SB16, SB32, SB AWE64 (including Gold) and ViBRA16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 and ES1888</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ PCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Allegro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.11. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.12. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ USB ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ; ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ, Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å. ÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á USB
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÚÁ ̉ÅÄËÉÍÉ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑÍÉ ̀ÀÂÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó OHCI v1.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ UHCI v1.1 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉Ù</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>íÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ï× É ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÎÙÈ ËÁÂÅ̀ÅÊ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÈ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ï×,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umct</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U109</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U409</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Magic Control Technology USB-232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom USB-232</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB Mass Storage, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory "PicoDrive" GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 256MB USB Drive (MSYSTEM DiskOnKey2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (CDROM, DVD-RAM
+only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100/250 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LaCie P3 HardDrive USB 200GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LDR-H443U2 DVD-RAM/-R/+R/-RW/+RW drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "ClipDrive", RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "PetitDrive", RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256Mm</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk "PetitDrive2", RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech International, Inc. USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PNY Attache Flash Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic ("Matshita FDD CF-VFDU03")</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB20AN Portable DVD-ROM/CD-R/RW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB35AN (DVD-ROM &amp; CD-R/RW)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-31 (Compact Flash)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-75 (only Compact Flash port works)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom CN-300 MultiFlash (MMC/SD, SmartMedia, CF, MemoryStick)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trek Thumbdrive 8MB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VAIO floppy drive (includes Y-E Data Flashbuster-U)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Among the supported digital cameras are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asahi Optical (PENTAX) Optio 230 &amp; 330</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.13. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.14. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.15. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.16. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉É×ÏÄÙ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÁÑÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÁÍ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AT Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB ÍÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-amd64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-amd64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7ccd17cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-amd64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5446 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/amd64 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/amd64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ AMD64 ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/amd64
+5.4-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ AMD64. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ
+× ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ
+Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>îÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó ÓÅ̉ÅÄÉÎÙ 2003 FreeBSD/amd64 ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ AMD64 (``Hammer'') É
+Intel EM64T, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÜÔÏ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í Tier-1 (ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÁ),
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÊ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÁÓĐÅËÔÁÈ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËƠ.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ÜÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÉÍÅÎÉ, AMD64 (AMD) É Intel EM64T
+(Extended Memory 64-bit Technology). 64-ÂÉÔÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ÜÔÉÈ Ä×ƠÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ
+ÏÄÉÎ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ, É FreeBSD/amd64 ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÏÂÁ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Athlon64 (``Clawhammer'').</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Opteron (``Sledgehammer'').</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 64-ÂÉÔ Xeon (``Nacona''). üÔÏÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ ÉÚÇÏÔÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ ÔÅÈÎÏ̀ÏÇÉÉ 90nm, É
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÁÈ ÏÔ 2.80 ÄÏ 3.60 GHz (FSB 800MHz) Ó ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÁÍÉ Intel
+E7520/E7525/E7320.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Pentium 4 Processor, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ Intel EM64T (``Prescott''). ïÎ ÉÚÇÏÔÏ×̀ÅÎ ĐÏ
+ÔÅÈÎÏ̀ÏÇÉÉ 90nm Ä̀Ñ ÓÏËÅÔÁ FC-LGA775, É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÁÈ 3.20F/3.40F/3.60F GHz Ó
+̃ÉĐÓÅÔÁÍÉ Intel 925X Express. óÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏÍÅ̉Á S-Spec: SL7L9, SL7L8, SL7LA, SL7NZ,
+SL7PZ, É SL7PX. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù, ÎƠÍÅ̉Ï×ÁÎÙÅ ̃ÉÓ̀ÁÍÉ 5xx, ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ EM64T.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel EM64T ÜÔÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ IA-32 (x86) É ÏỒÉ̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ Intel IA-64
+(Itanium), ËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁ FreeBSD/ia64. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÁÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ
+Intel ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ Intel EM64T ËÁË ``64-bit extension technology'' É̀É ``IA-32e''.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÉÂÏ̀ØÛÉÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ, 8GB. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SMP
+ÂÙ̀Á ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÁ É ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑÈ, FreeBSD/amd64 ĐÏÈÏÖÁ ÎÁ FreeBSD/i386, × ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×. íÏÇƠÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎƠÔØ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó 64-ÂÉÔ ËÏÄÏ× × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ (̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÈ)
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÈ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÔÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ 64-ÂÉÔ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÈ,
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD/amd64 ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÍÏ̀ÏÄÁÑ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁ FreeBSD. èÏÔÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÑÄ̉Á FreeBSD É
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÙ, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÓÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓỔÙÅ
+ƠÇ̀Ù, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÓÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅÍ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ AMD64. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ. đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ
+ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù SCSI É ËÁ̉ÔÙ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 21610SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2230SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù SCSI, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÓÅ̉ÉÉ BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'' É ``A'', É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù
+SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-540CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic/BusTek BT-640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-946C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-948</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AMI FastDisk Host Adapters, Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÅÓÑ Ë̀ÏÎÁÍÉ BusLogic MultiMaster, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ RAID ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. EISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arcmsr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arcmsr</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1130-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1160-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1220</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1230</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1230-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1260-ML</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. EISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù PATA/SATA RAID:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 5000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 6000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7000-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7006-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ SATA RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× NCR/Symbios SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ É̀É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ × ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËƠÀ Đ̀ÁÔƠ, É̀É ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ËÁ̉ÔÙ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>IBM ServeRAID 3H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID Series 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 6i/6M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929, LSI Logic FC929X (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÙ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">trm</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315 PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS and internal SCSI connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395F PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS and 68-pin external SCSI
+connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395UW PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U2W PCI Ultra2-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For the Tekram DC-310/U and DC-390F/U/UW/U2B/U2W/U3W PCI SCSI host adapters, use the
+sym(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ Alteon Tigon I É II. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ ÓÏ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÍÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ AMD PCnet/FAST,
+PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO É PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-528TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Winbond W89C840F ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Fast Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, É Rhine III ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 É SiS 7016 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast
+Ethernet É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ËÁË É ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÅ
+National Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ National Semiconductor DP83820 É DP83821 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit
+Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Sundance Technologies ST201 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù
+Fast Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-580TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Texas Instruments ThunderLAN ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet É Fast Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Compaq PCI Ethernet. ôÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÁËÖÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet × ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ Compaq Prosignia É
+ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØÎÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Compaq Deskpro, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ CATC USB-EL1210A ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ASIX Electronics AX88172 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8150 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù É ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ex</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>The Olicom OC2220</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel
+Tasking, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded
+adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á 3C656 ËÁ̉Ô CardBus É 3C556 ËÁ̉Ô MiniPCI ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ
+Đ̉ÏĐ̉ÉÅÔÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ. îÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>, ÎÉ ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cs</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sn</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ SMC9xxx ËÁ̉ÔÙ ISA É PCMCIA, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xe</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet (PS-CE2-10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 28 (PS-CEM-28)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 33 (CEM33)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard 10/100 (CE3, CE3B)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (CEM56)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10 (RE10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 (RE100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (REM56, REM56G)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton Fast EtherCard-16 (EN2226)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card (CPQ-10/100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 PC Card Mobile Adapter 16 (Pro/100 M16A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 LAN/Modem PC Card Adapter (Pro/100 M16B)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Other similar devices using the same hardware may also be supported.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Å Broadcom BCM570x ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á Intel 82540, 82541ER,
+82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546, 82546EB, 82546GB É 82547:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Intel 82542 É
+82543:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ï× Sun
+UltraSPARC. ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S É RTL8110S ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet É
+Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE LR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE SR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ VIA Networking VT3119 É VT6122 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="TOKENRING" name="TOKENRING">3.3. Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.4. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.5. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.6. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ÉÍ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, É
+Symbol Spectrum24 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.7. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.8. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.9. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, É 16550 ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ AST ÎÁ 4 ĐÏ̉ÔÁ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Actiontech 56K PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S É PCI IO 4S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Comtrol RocketPort 550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Decision Computers PCCOM 4-ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ Ó Ä×ƠÍÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ RS232/422/485</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolphin Peripherals 4025/4035/4036</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IC Book Labs Dreadnought 16x Lite É Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lava Computers 2SP-PCI/DSerial-PCI/Quattro-PCI/Octopus-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Middle Digital, Weasle ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Moxa Industio CP-114, Smartio C104H-PCI É C168H/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PK-UG-X001 É PK-UG-X008</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 PCI UART</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech SD-LAB PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber I/O PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2P1S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber Serial (Single É Dual) PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Titan PCI-200H É PCI-800H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>US Robotics (3Com) 3CP5609 ÍÏÄÅÍ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VScom PCI-400 É PCI-800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Specialix SI/XIO/SX ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, Ó ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍ SIHOST2.x É ÎÏ×ÙÍ
+``̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÍ'' (transputer based, aka JET) host ËÁ̉ÔÁÍÉ (ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ISA, EISA É PCI)
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=si&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">si</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.10. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Advance Asound 100 and 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SB16, SB32, SB AWE64 (including Gold) and ViBRA16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 and ES1888</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÙ CS4610 ÓÏĐ̉Ï×ÏÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÄÅËÏÍ CS423x ISA ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ËÏÄÅËÁ
+CS4297 AC97. ôÁËÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ess&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ess</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Ensoniq ESS ISA PnP/non-PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ PCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Allegro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_fm801&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_fm801</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Forte Media FM801</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel 443MX, 810, 815, É 815E ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_neomagic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_neomagic</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NeoMagic 256AV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NeoMagic 256ZX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>OPTi 931/82C931 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_vibes&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_vibes</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>S3 SonicVibes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Trident 4DWave DX/NX (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_via82c686&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_via82c686</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA 82C686A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ich&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ich</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD 768</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD 8111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 443MX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH revision 1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce2 400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3 250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 7012</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.11. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.12. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ USB ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ; ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ, Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å. ÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á USB
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÚÁ ̉ÅÄËÉÍÉ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑÍÉ ̀ÀÂÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó OHCI v1.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ UHCI v1.1 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ EHCI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉Ù</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ï× É ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÎÙÈ ËÁÂÅ̀ÅÊ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÈ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ï×,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀ØÀ BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hama USB RS-232 Serial Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umct</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U109</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U409</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Magic Control Technology USB-232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom USB-232</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB Mass Storage, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory "PicoDrive" GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 256MB USB Drive (MSYSTEM DiskOnKey2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (CDROM, DVD-RAM
+only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100/250 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LaCie P3 HardDrive USB 200GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LDR-H443U2 DVD-RAM/-R/+R/-RW/+RW drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "ClipDrive", RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "PetitDrive", RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256Mm</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk "PetitDrive2", RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech International, Inc. USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PNY Attache Flash Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic ("Matshita FDD CF-VFDU03")</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB20AN Portable DVD-ROM/CD-R/RW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB35AN (DVD-ROM &amp; CD-R/RW)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-31 (Compact Flash)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-75 (only Compact Flash port works)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom CN-300 MultiFlash (MMC/SD, SmartMedia, CF, MemoryStick)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trek Thumbdrive 8MB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VAIO floppy drive (includes Y-E Data Flashbuster-U)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Among the supported digital cameras are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asahi Optical (PENTAX) Optio 230 &amp; 330</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.13. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô PCI/CardBus FireWire. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ IEEE 1394 OHCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR GUF320</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.14. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Á 3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Bluetooth USB ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ Bluetooth v1.1,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.15. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, É
+7956 chipsets, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ̀ÀÂƠÀ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ̀ÀÂƠÀ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.16. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁËÓ-ÍÏÄÅÍ/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉É×ÏÄÙ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÁÑÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÁÍ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB ÍÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PC-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÄÖÏÊÓÔÉËÉ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-i386.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-i386.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca51df88bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-i386.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6950 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/i386
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ i386 ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE).
+÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ
+ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ i386. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ
+× ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ
+Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD/i386 ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÙÈ ̉ÁÚÎÏÏẨÁÚÎÙÈ ``IBM PC ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ'' ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ.
+đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÏÇ̉ÏÍÅÎ, ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÁÔØ ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+×ÓÅÈ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁĂÉÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ FreeBSD. ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, ÚÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÂƯÉÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Á.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ×ÓÅ i386-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù,
+ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó 80386, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III,
+Pentium 4 É ÉÈ ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË Xeon É Celeron (ÏÄÎÁËÏ, FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ĐÏÚÄÎÉÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ 80386SX processor). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÓÅ i386
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù AMD, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Am486, Am5x86, K5, K6 (É ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ), Athlon (×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+Athlon-MP, Athlon-XP, Athlon-4, É Athlon Thunderbird) É Duron. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ AMD &Eacute;lan SC520. Transmeta Crusoe ̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔÓÑ É ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË É
+i386 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù ÏÔ Cyrix É NexGen.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÜÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ÛÉ̉ÏËÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÈ Đ̀ÁÔ. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
+ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ ÛÉÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ ISA, VLB, EISA, AGP, É PCI. éÍÅÅÔÓÑ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÛÉÎÙ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ MCA (``MicroChannel''), ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ × ̀ÉÎÅÊËÅ PC
+IBM PS/2.</p>
+
+<p>óÉÍÍÅỔÉ̃ÎÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (SMP) ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD, ÈÏÔÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × BIOS É̀É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. ÷ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÅ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ
+Á̉ÈÉ×Ï× <a href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-smp"
+target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÎÏÓÔÉ (SMP) ×Ï
+FreeBSD</a> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á HyperThreading (HTT) ÎÁ Intel CPU, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔƠ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ. ñÄ̉Ï Ó ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÍ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <tt
+class="LITERAL">options SMP</tt> Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù. đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉË FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÉÚÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù; Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ Ó̀Ï×ÁÍÉ, ÎÅ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÉ
+̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÁ̃ ÍÅÖÄƠ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÍÉ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ CPU. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÔÁËÏÅ
+Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ĐÏÎÉÖÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ, Đ̉É ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓ̀Ï×ÉÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÍ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ï× ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">machdep.hlt_logical_cpus</code>. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ× ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ CPU ×
+ĂÉË̀Å ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <code class="VARNAME">machdep.hlt_cpus</code>. óỔÁÎÉĂÁ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">smp</span>(4)</span></a> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï Physical Address Extensions (PAE) ÎÁ CPU,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÈ ÜÔƠ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ. ñÄ̉Ï Ó ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÍ <tt class="LITERAL">PAE</tt> ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉÔ
+ĐÁÍÑÔØ Ó×ÙÛÅ 4 ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ É ×Ë̀À̃ÉÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÅÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ; ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a> ÚÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ i386 ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ, ÈÏÔÑ É Ó ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ỞÏ×ÎÅÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË Ú×ƠË, Ç̉ÁÆÉËÁ, ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ
+ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ É Ó̀ÏÔÁÍÉ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ PCCARD. üÔÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÎÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÁÍÙÍÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ, É ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ỔÅÂƠÀÔ ÓĐÅĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ×
+FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÈÏÄÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË É̀É ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ. đ̉É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø ĐÏÉÓË × Á̉ÈÉ×ÁÈ <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-mobile" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ FreeBSD, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÏÓÎÙÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍ</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÏ× (ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÙ) ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉Ô Advanced
+Configuration and Power Management (ACPI). FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ACPI ̃Å̉ÅÚ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÀ
+ACPI Component Architecture ÏÔ Intel, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a>.
+éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ACPI ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ×̀Å̃Ø ÎÅÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎƠÀ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï× É ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ACPI Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÍÏÄỜØ ÑÄ̉Á. üÔÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ë <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ÓỔÏËÉ:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÅ ÏỒÁÄËƠ ACPI, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÔØ ACPI ĐÏ ̃ÁÓÔÑÍ. óỔÁÎÉĂÁ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ loader.</p>
+
+<p>ACPI ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ Differentiated System Descriptor Table (DSDT), ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÅÊÓÑ × BIOS
+ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. DSDT ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï× ÎÅĐÏ̀ÎÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ACPI ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
+Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. úÁÍÅÎƠ DSDT Ä̀Ñ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="http://acpi.sourceforge.net/dsdt/index.php" target="_top">DSDT</a> ÓÁÊÔÁ Đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ <a
+href="http://acpi.sourceforge.net/" target="_top">ACPI4Linux</a>. FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ DSDT Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÉ DSDT, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÈÓÑ × BIOS; ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acpi</span>(4)</span></a> ÚÁ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ i386. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ. đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ
+ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aha&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aha</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xCF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-154xCP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-174x in 154x emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DTC 3290 SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram SCSI controllers in 154x emulation mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahb</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1740</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1740A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1742A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù SCSI É ËÁ̉ÔÙ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 21610SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2230SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù SCSI, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÓÅ̉ÉÉ BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'' É ``A'', É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù
+SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-445S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-540CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-542D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-545S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic/BusTek BT-640</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-742A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-747S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-757S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-946C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-948</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-956CD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BusLogic BT-958D</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>AMI FastDisk Host Adapters, Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÅÓÑ Ë̀ÏÎÁÍÉ BusLogic MultiMaster, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bt</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ RAID ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">asr</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec Zero-Channel SCSI RAID 2000S, 2005S, 2010S, 2015S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2100S, 2110S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ATA-100 RAID 2400A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 3200S, 3210S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 3400S, 3410S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM1554</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM1564</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2554</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2564</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2664</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2754</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM2865</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3754</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3755U2B / SmartRAID V Millennium</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SmartRAID PM3757</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC KZPCC-AC (LVD 1-ch, 4MB or 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-CE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache), DEC
+KZPCC-XC (LVD 1-ch, 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-XE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache) -- rebadged
+SmartRAID V Millennium</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. EISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arcmsr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arcmsr</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1130-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1160-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1220</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1230</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1230-ML</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARC-1260-ML</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. EISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù PATA/SATA RAID:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 5000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 6000 series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7000-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7006-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 7506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8500-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ SATA RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× NCR/Symbios SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ É̀É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ × ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËƠÀ Đ̀ÁÔƠ, É̀É ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ËÁ̉ÔÙ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncv</span>(4)</span></a> ×
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCSC-DV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004, and UJDCD450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J03R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic Fast SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (SCSI only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stg&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stg</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain SCSI2GO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain TMC-18XX/3260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM PSC-2401 SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, REX-9836A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that the Adaptec 2920C is supported by the ahc(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alpha-Data AD-PCS201</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA CBSC16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vpo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vpo</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ parallel to SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC-7110 Parallel to SCSI interface (built-in to Iomega ZIP drives)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Jaz Traveller interface</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega MatchMaker SCSI interface (built-in to Iomega ZIP+ drives)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ida&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ida</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 221</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Integrated SMART Array Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 4200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Array 4250ES</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART 3200 Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART 3100ES Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/DH Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/SL Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/P Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART-2/E Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq SMART Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pst&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pst</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Promise Supertrak SX6000 ATA ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÊ RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptmv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hptmv</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ATA RAID:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HighPoint's RocketRAID 182x series</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>IBM ServeRAID 3H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID Series 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ServeRAID 6i/6M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929, LSI Logic FC929X (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÙ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">trm</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315 PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS and internal SCSI connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-315U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395F PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS and 68-pin external SCSI
+connector</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395UW PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC-395U2W PCI Ultra2-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For the Tekram DC-310/U and DC-390F/U/UW/U2B/U2W/U3W PCI SCSI host adapters, use the
+sym(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ wds(4) ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ WD7000 SCSI.</p>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matsushita CR-562, CR-563 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony ÚÁË̉ÙÔÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (×ÓÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">scd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi ÚÁË̉ÙÔÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ CD-ROM (×ÓÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ Alteon Tigon I É II. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ ÓÏ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÍÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ AMD PCnet/FAST,
+PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO É PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE32-VL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan BICC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond HomeFree</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DEPCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra 486/66XM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra XU</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ôÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ Ó Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ pcn(4). ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
+Ó ÎÉÍÉ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ ÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á pcn(4).</p>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c503 Etherlink II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AR-P500 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1644 (old model), EN1646 (old model), EN2203 (old model) (110pin) (flags
+0xd00000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2212/EN2216/UE2216</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis CentreCOM LA100-PCM_V2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis LA-98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIC-98, SIC-98NOTE (110pin), SIU-98 (flags 0x600000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIU-98-D (flags 0x610000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AmbiCom 10BaseT card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bay Networks NETGEAR FA410TXC Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet BC40 adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex Net-A adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98), RT-1007(98), C-NET(9N) (110pin) (flags 0xa00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)E-A, C-NET(98)L-A, C-NET(98)P (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether98-T (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether PCC-T/EtherII PCC-T/FEther PCC-TXF/PCC-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CyQ've ELA-010</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC EtherWorks DE305</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Danpex EN-6200P2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-298, DE-298P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-650/660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link IC-CARD/IC-CARD+ Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-98P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-BDN, LD-NW801G (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CDL/TX, LD-CDF, LD-CDS, LD-10/100CD, LD-CDWA (DP83902A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP PC Lan+ 27247B and 27252A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM Creditcard Ethernet I/II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM AD-ET2-T, DT-ET-25, DT-ET-T5, IF-2766ET, IF-2771ET, NB-ET-T (110pin) (flags
+0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA/T-98, LA/T-98SB, LA2/T-98, ET/T-98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA ET2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCLATE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kansai KLA-98C/T (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE-PC2, KNE-PCM/x Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EC2T/PCMPC100/PCM100, PCMLM56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EtherFast 10/100 PC Card, Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card (PCMPC100 V2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LAN-98T (flags 0xb00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA Ethernet ME1 for JEIDA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA ME98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA NE2098 (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO EGY-98 (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGH-98, LGY-98, LGY-98-N (110pin), IND-SP, IND-SS (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LPC-T/LPC2-T/LPC2-CLT/LPC2-TX/LPC3-TX/LPC3-CLX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Ethernet Instant-Link</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-77, PC-9801-78 (flags 0x910000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-107, PC-9801-108 (flags 0x800000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor InfoMover NE4100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA-410TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetVin 5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Network Everywhere Ethernet 10BaseT PC Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld 98X3 (flags 0xd00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld EC-98X, EP-98X (flags 0xd10000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE1000/NE2000/NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX ENW-8300-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298-C (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298P-T, EN-2298-T (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX FNW-3600-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RealTek 8029</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite Ultra</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EtherEZ98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC WD8003E/WD8003EBT/WD8003S/WD8003SBT/WD8003W/WD8013EBT/WD8013W and clones</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Socket LP-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom EtherPerfect EP-427</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom NE-34</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD031, Grey Cell GCS2000 Ethernet Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Telecom Device SuperSocket RE450T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT86C926</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Winbond W89C940</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>C-Bus, ISA, PCI and PC Card devices are supported.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-528TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Winbond W89C840F ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Fast Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, É Rhine III ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 É SiS 7016 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast
+Ethernet É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ËÁË É ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÅ
+National Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ National Semiconductor DP83820 É DP83821 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit
+Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Sundance Technologies ST201 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù
+Fast Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-580TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Texas Instruments ThunderLAN ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet É Fast Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Compaq PCI Ethernet. ôÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÁËÖÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet × ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ Compaq Prosignia É
+ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØÎÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Compaq Deskpro, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ CATC USB-EL1210A ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ASIX Electronics AX88172 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8150 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù É ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ex</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>The Olicom OC2220</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ie&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ie</span>(4)</span></a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ 8 É 16-ÂÉÔÎÙÈ ISA Ethernet ËÁ̉Ô, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÅ Intel
+i82586:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3COM 3C507</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T EN100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T Starlan 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AT&amp;T Starlan Fiber</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress 16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RACAL Interlan NI5210</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel
+Tasking, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=el&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">el</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ËÁ̉ÔÙ 3Com 3c501 8bit ISA Ethernet.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded
+adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á 3C656 ËÁ̉Ô CardBus É 3C556 ËÁ̉Ô MiniPCI ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ
+Đ̉ÏĐ̉ÉÅÔÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ. îÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>, ÎÉ ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cs</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sn</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ SMC9xxx ËÁ̉ÔÙ ISA É PCMCIA, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xe</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet (PS-CE2-10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 28 (PS-CEM-28)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 33 (CEM33)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard 10/100 (CE3, CE3B)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (CEM56)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10 (RE10)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 (RE100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (REM56, REM56G)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton Fast EtherCard-16 (EN2226)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card (CPQ-10/100)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 PC Card Mobile Adapter 16 (Pro/100 M16A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 LAN/Modem PC Card Adapter (Pro/100 M16B)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Other similar devices using the same hardware may also be supported.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Å Broadcom BCM570x ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á Intel 82540, 82541ER,
+82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546, 82546EB, 82546GB É 82547:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Intel 82542 É
+82543:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ï× Sun
+UltraSPARC. ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=my&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">my</span>(4)</span></a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ Myson chipset.
+đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD800 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD803 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD89X PCI Gigabit Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bfe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bfe</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S É RTL8110S ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet É
+Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE LR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/10GbE SR Server Adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ VIA Networking VT3119 É VT6122 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="TOKENRING" name="TOKENRING">3.3. Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=oltr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">oltr</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ISA ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Olicom Token Ring:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-3115</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom ISA 16/4 Adapter (OC-3117)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom ISA 16/4 Adapter (OC-3118)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following PCI based adapters are supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom PCI 16/4 Adapter (OC-3136)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom PCI/II 16/4 Adapter (OC-3137)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom PCI 16/4 Adapter (OC-3139)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom RapidFire 3140 16/4 PCI Adapter (OC-3140)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom RapidFire 3141 Fiber Adapter (OC-3141)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom RapidFire 3540 100/16/4 Adapter (OC-3540)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.4. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>DEC DEFEA EISA (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.5. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Midway ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù hfa É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT NICStAR 77201/211 ATM ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=idt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">idt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 É HE622 ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT77252 ATM ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.6. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>NCR / AT&amp;T / Lucent Technologies WaveLan T1-speed ISA/radio LAN ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wl</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ÉÍ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, É
+Symbol Spectrum24 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Raytheon Raylink 2.4GHz ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ×ÈÏÄÑÔ × ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ath&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ath</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Aztech WL830PC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-A650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AB650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-A520</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AG520</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-AG650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-G520B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DWL-G650B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-WL54AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-WL54</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu E5454</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-JW481</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu E5454</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NC4000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-AB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data WN-A54</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WMP55AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WPC51AB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys WPC55AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PA-WL/54AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAG311</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAB501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WAG511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG311</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG311T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear WG511T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Orinoco 8480</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Orinoco 8470WD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Proxim Skyline 4030</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Proxim Skyline 4032</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Samsung SWL-5200N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC SMC2536W-AG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC SMC2735W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C700</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C300S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony PCWA-C500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CRPAG175</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>An up to date list can be found at <a
+href="http://customerproducts.atheros.com/customerproducts"
+target="_top">http://customerproducts.atheros.com/customerproducts</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.7. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-22, Sigma-24</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-400, Sigma-401, Sigma-404, Sigma-410, Sigma-440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Sigma-800, Sigma-801, Sigma-810, Sigma-840</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Tau-PCI WAN:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI/R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-L</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-L/R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-G703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-2E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-4E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-T3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-STS1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau (RS-232/V.35)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/R (RS-530/RS-449)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/E1 (fractional E1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau/G703 (unframed E1)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Granch SBNI12 ËÏÍÍƠÎÉËÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÔÏ̃ËÁ-Ë-ÔÏ̃ËÅ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbni&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbni</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Granch SBNI16 SHDSL ÍÏÄÅÍÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbsh&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbsh</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cm</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É ËÁ̉Ô:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC90c66 in '56 compatibility mode.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.8. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>AcerISDN P10 ISA PnP (ÜËÓĐÅ̉ÉÍÅÎÔÁ̀ØÎÙÊ)</p>
+
+<p>Asuscom ISDNlink 128K ISA</p>
+
+<p>ASUSCOM P-IN100-ST-D (É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ÎÁ Winbond W6692)</p>
+
+<p>AVM</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>A1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>B1 ISA (Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ Ó V2.0)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>B1 PCI (Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ Ó V4.0)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card classic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PnP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fritz!Card PCI, Version 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>T1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Creatix</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISDN-S0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISDN-S0 P&amp;P</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Compaq Microcom 610 ISDN (Compaq series PSB2222I) ISA PnP</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Neuhaus Niccy Go@ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ</p>
+
+<p>Dynalink IS64PPH É IS64PPH+</p>
+
+<p>Eicon Diehl DIVA 2.0 É 2.02</p>
+
+<p>ELSA</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ELSA PCC-16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QuickStep 1000pro ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MicroLink ISDN/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QuickStep 1000pro PCI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ITK ix1 Micro ( &lt; V.3, ÎÅ-PnP ×Å̉ÓÉÑ )</p>
+
+<p>Sedlbauer Win Speed</p>
+
+<p>Siemens I-Surf 2.0</p>
+
+<p>TELEINT ISDN SPEED No.1 (ÜËÓĐÅ̉ÉÍÅÎÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ)</p>
+
+<p>Teles</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>S0/8</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16.3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>S0/16.3 PnP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>16.3c ISA PnP (ÜËÓĐÅ̉ÉÍÅÎÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Teles PCI-TJ</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Traverse Technologies NETjet-S PCI</p>
+
+<p>USRobotics Sportster ISDN TA intern</p>
+
+<p>Winbond W6692 based PCI ËÁ̉ÔÙ</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.9. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, É 16550 ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ AST ÎÁ 4 ĐÏ̉ÔÁ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ARNET (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ar</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ ARNET ÎÁ 8 ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ARNET (ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Digiboard) Sync 570/i high-speed serial</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Boca ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB1004 4-Port ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ (ÍÏÄÅÍÙ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca IOAT66 6-Port ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ (ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB1008 8-Port ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ (ÍÏÄÅÍÙ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Boca BB2016 16-Port ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ËÁ̉ÔÁ (ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Comtrol Rocketport ËÁ̉ÔÁ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cyclades Cyclom-Y serial board (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>STB ÎÁ 4 ĐÏ̉ÔÁ Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ IRQ</p>
+
+<p>DigiBoard intelligent serial cards (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ digi)</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Actiontech 56K PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avlab Technology, PCI IO 2S É PCI IO 4S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Comtrol RocketPort 550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Decision Computers PCCOM 4-ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ Ó Ä×ƠÍÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÁÍÉ RS232/422/485</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dolphin Peripherals 4025/4035/4036</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IC Book Labs Dreadnought 16x Lite É Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lava Computers 2SP-PCI/DSerial-PCI/Quattro-PCI/Octopus-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Middle Digital, Weasle ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Moxa Industio CP-114, Smartio C104H-PCI É C168H/PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PK-UG-X001 É PK-UG-X008</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netmos NM9835 PCI-2S-550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oxford Semiconductor OX16PCI954 PCI UART</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech SD-LAB PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber I/O PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2P1S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 2S1P PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber 4S PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIIG Cyber Serial (Single É Dual) PCI 16C550/16C650/16C850</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Syba Tech Ltd. PCI-4S2P-550-ECP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Titan PCI-200H É PCI-800H</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>US Robotics (3Com) 3CP5609 ÍÏÄÅÍ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VScom PCI-400 É PCI-800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+SDL Communications RISCom/8 boards.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sr</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>RISCom/N2 ISA card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>WANic 400/405 PCI cards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Specialix SI/XIO/SX ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, Ó ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍ SIHOST2.x É ÎÏ×ÙÍ
+``̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÍ'' (transputer based, aka JET) host ËÁ̉ÔÁÍÉ (ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ISA, EISA É PCI)
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=si&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">si</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.10. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ad1816&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ad1816</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Analog Devices AD1816</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cs4281&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cs4281</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4281</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_solo&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_solo</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1 (ES1938 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Solo-1E (ES1946 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that older ESS ISA cards with ES18xx chipset are supported via snd_ess(4) and/or
+snd_sbc(4).</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_sbc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Advance Asound 100 and 110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SB16, SB32, SB AWE64 (including Gold) and ViBRA16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 and ES1888</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logic ALS120</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_cmi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_cmi</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8338</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMedia CMI8738</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/462x Audio Accelerator</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Crystal Semiconductor CS4280 Audio Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÙ CS4610 ÓÏĐ̉Ï×ÏÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÄÅËÏÍ CS423x ISA ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ËÏÄÅËÁ
+CS4297 AC97. ôÁËÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_csa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_csa</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_es137x&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_es137x</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>All cards with ES1370/1371 chipset (including SoundBlaster PCI128)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ess&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ess</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Ensoniq ESS ISA PnP/non-PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ PCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro-2E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_maestro3&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_maestro3</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Allegro-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ESS Technology Maestro3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_als4000&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_als4000</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Advance Logic ALS4000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_fm801&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_fm801</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Forte Media FM801</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_gusc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_gusc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound MAX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gravis UltraSound PnP</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Intel 443MX, 810, 815, É 815E ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_neomagic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_neomagic</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NeoMagic 256AV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NeoMagic 256ZX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>OPTi 931/82C931 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_vibes&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_vibes</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>S3 SonicVibes</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_emu10k1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_emu10k1</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Live! (EMU10K1 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative SoundBlaster Audigy (EMU10K2 Chipset)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Trident 4DWave DX/NX (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_via8233&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_via8233</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁƠÄÉÏ ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT8233</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT8233A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT8233C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT8235</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT8237</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_via82c686&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_via82c686</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA 82C686A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ds1&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ds1</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha DS-1E</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_ich&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_ich</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ú×ƠËÏ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD 768</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD 8111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 443MX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH revision 1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel ICH6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce2 400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3 250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 7012</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.11. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ ×ÉÄÅÏ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ Brooktree
+Bt848/849/878/879, ËÁË É ËÁ̉ÔÙ Pinnacle PCTV, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AOpen VA1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AVerMedia AVerTV Studio</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AVerMedia TF/FM-98</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATI TV Wonder VE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hauppauge WinCast/TV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hauppauge WinTV-Go-FM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hauppauge WinTV-pci</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hauppauge WinTV-radio</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Smart Video Recorder III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KWORLD PCI TV Tuner</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Miro PC TV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Pinnacle PCTV Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Pinnacle PCTV Rave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PixelView PlayTV PAK</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIGMA TV II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>STB TV PCI Television Tuner</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Super TV Tuner</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>V-Stream XPERT TV-PVR 878</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Video Highway XTreme</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VideoLogic Captivator PCI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Connectix QuickCam</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.12. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ USB ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ; ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ, Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å. ÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á USB
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÚÁ ̉ÅÄËÉÍÉ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑÍÉ ̀ÀÂÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó OHCI v1.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ UHCI v1.1 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ EHCI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉Ù</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ï× É ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÎÙÈ ËÁÂÅ̀ÅÊ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÈ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ï×,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀ØÀ BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hama USB RS-232 Serial Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umct</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U109</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U409</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Magic Control Technology USB-232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom USB-232</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB Mass Storage, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory "PicoDrive" GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 256MB USB Drive (MSYSTEM DiskOnKey2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (CDROM, DVD-RAM
+only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100/250 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LaCie P3 HardDrive USB 200GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LDR-H443U2 DVD-RAM/-R/+R/-RW/+RW drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "ClipDrive", RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "PetitDrive", RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256Mm</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk "PetitDrive2", RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech International, Inc. USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PNY Attache Flash Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic ("Matshita FDD CF-VFDU03")</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB20AN Portable DVD-ROM/CD-R/RW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB35AN (DVD-ROM &amp; CD-R/RW)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-31 (Compact Flash)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-75 (only Compact Flash port works)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom CN-300 MultiFlash (MMC/SD, SmartMedia, CF, MemoryStick)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trek Thumbdrive 8MB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VAIO floppy drive (includes Y-E Data Flashbuster-U)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Among the supported digital cameras are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asahi Optical (PENTAX) Optio 230 &amp; 330</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.13. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô PCI/CardBus FireWire. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ IEEE 1394 OHCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR GUF320</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.14. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Á 3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Bluetooth USB ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ Bluetooth v1.1,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.15. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, É
+7956 chipsets, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ̀ÀÂƠÀ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ̀ÀÂƠÀ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.16. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁËÓ-ÍÏÄÅÍ/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉É×ÏÄÙ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>VGA-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÁÑÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÁÍ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AT Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB ÍÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC standard'' ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PC-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÄÖÏÊÓÔÉËÉ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PHS Data Communication Card/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NTT DoCoMo P-in Comp@ct</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KX-PH405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SII MC-P200</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Xilinx XC6200 ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó HOT1 ÏÔ <a
+href="http://www.vcc.com/" target="_top">Virtual Computers</a> (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ xrpu).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-ia64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-ia64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c1c67cbcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-ia64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2673 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/ia64 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/ia64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#PROC-IA64">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN40">ïÂÚÏ̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN13" name="AEN13"></a>
+<p>üÔÏ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ. ïÎ ÎÅĐÏ̀ÏÎ É ÎƠÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÊÔÅ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ IA-64 Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÍ, ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÍ
+Đ̀ÁÔÁÍ, É ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÍ × FreeBSD × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-ia64" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ FreeBSD ÎÁ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞƠ IA64</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ IA-64 ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/ia64
+5.4-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ IA-64. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ
+× ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ FreeBSD/ia64 ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ia64/index.html" target="_top">FreeBSD/ia64
+Project</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="PROC-IA64" name="PROC-IA64">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù É
+ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù <a
+href="http://www.intel.com/design/itanium/itanium/index.htm" target="_top">Itanium</a> É
+<a href="http://www.intel.com/design/itanium2/index.htm" target="_top">Itanium 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP zx1 (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ, ÓÍÏỔÉÔÅ <a href="http://perforce.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">Perforce repository</a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP i2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 460GX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel E8870</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ïÂÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, Uniprocessor (UP) É Symmetric Multi-processor (SMP) ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
+ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó̃ÉÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÙÍÉ.
+đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔÏÍ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ UP Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN40" name="AEN40">2.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ É̀É ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ FreeBSD/ia64.</p>
+
+<p>úÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÈ × PC ̃ÉĐÓÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×, ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó̉ÁÚƠ. óÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÅÍ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ×ÓÅÈ
+ia64-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï×. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍ ÚÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍ É ÉÈ ÔÅËƠƯÅÍƠ ÓÔÁÔƠÓƠ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÏÂƯÅÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ, ``PC standard'' ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ Intel legacy ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÎÁ PA ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ. đ̉É̃ÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÓÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ HP ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ × ĐÁÍÑÔØ É É ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ,
+ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ PCI dictated VGA legacy.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÀ Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>,
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÁ ÎÅ Intel legacy ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ (ÎÏ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Intel legacy), ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÉÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÄÅ̀ÁÀÔ ISA-ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÅ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN56" name="AEN56"></a>
+<table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE">
+<col />
+<col />
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>îÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ××ÏÄÁ-×Ù×ÏÄÁ Ó ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅÍ × ĐÁÍÑÔØ</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syscons</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>ôÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ BIOS, VGA, É Ô.Ä.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>ôÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ MSS ISA ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ad
+nauseum</i></span></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a></td>
+<td>öÅÓÔËÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁĂÉÑ ISA ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ IA-64. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ. đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ
+ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù SCSI É ËÁ̉ÔÙ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aac</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AAC-364</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2410SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 2810SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SATA RAID 21610SA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 2230SLP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell CERC SATA RAID 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 320/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID 4M</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ RAID ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DPT Smart Cache Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Smart RAID IV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PDU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PJ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PG</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
+(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is
+always advisable to upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller.
+Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mly&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mly</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 170</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex AcceleRAID 352</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ É̀É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ × ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËƠÀ Đ̀ÁÔƠ, É̀É ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ËÁ̉ÔÙ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ciss&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ciss</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 532</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Smart Array 5i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 5312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 641</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 642</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6400 EM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array 6422</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Smart Array V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iir&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">iir</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCMR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929, LSI Logic FC929X (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÙ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ AMD PCnet/FAST,
+PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO É PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-528TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 É SiS 7016 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast
+Ethernet É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ËÁË É ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÅ
+National Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ CATC USB-EL1210A ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded
+adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á 3C656 ËÁ̉Ô CardBus É 3C556 ËÁ̉Ô MiniPCI ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ
+Đ̉ÏĐ̉ÉÅÔÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ. îÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>, ÎÉ ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Å Broadcom BCM570x ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á Intel 82540, 82541ER,
+82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546, 82546EB, 82546GB É 82547:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ï× Sun
+UltraSPARC. ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S É RTL8110S ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet É
+Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="TOKENRING" name="TOKENRING">3.3. Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.4. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.5. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.6. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.7. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.8. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.9. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, É 16550 ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PCI-Based ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏ̉ÔÏ×ÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=puc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">puc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Diva Serial (GSP) Multiport UART (ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.10. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.11. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.12. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó OHCI v1.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ UHCI v1.1 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ EHCI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umct</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U109</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U409</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Magic Control Technology USB-232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom USB-232</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.13. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô PCI/CardBus FireWire. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ IEEE 1394 OHCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR GUF320</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.14. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.15. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.16. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>VGA-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vga&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vga</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÁÑÓÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÅÏËÁ̉ÔÁÍ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÎÁ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PS/2 ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁÈ
+(Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-pc98.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-pc98.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb393750fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-pc98.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4970 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/pc98 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/pc98
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-SYS">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ NEC PC-98x1 ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/pc98
+5.4-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ NEC PC-98x1. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-SYS" name="SUPPORT-SYS">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801/9821 series Ó ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ×ÓÅÍÉ i386-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÍÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ 80386,
+80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, É ÉÈ ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ. ÷ÓÅ i386-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ù
+AMD, Cyrix, IBM É IDT ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>NEC FC-9801/9821 series, É NEC SV-98 series (ÏÂÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙ Ó PC-9801/9821 series)
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>EPSON PC-386/486/586 series, ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó NEC PC-9801 series, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÖÉÍ ×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. NEC PC-98XA/XL/RL/XL^2 É NEC PC-H98
+series ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏÍ (PC-9801 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÍ) ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÎÏÇÏĐ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË Rs20/B20), SMP
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>óÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÁÑ ÛÉÎÁ PC-9801/9821 (ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ C-Bus), ÛÉÎÁ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ PC-9801NOTE
+(110pin), É ÛÉÎÁ PCI ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ. ûÉÎÁ New Extend Standard Architecture (NESA)
+(ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÁÑ × PC-H98, SV-H98, É FC-H98 series) ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ NEC PC-98x1.
+ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.
+đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ wdc)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>÷ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ IDE ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aic&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aic</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù SCSI É ËÁ̉ÔÙ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ct</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM bus-master SCSI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM IF-2660, IF-2766, IF-2766ET, IF-2767 and IF-2769</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-N151 and LHA-20x series</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-554NA and MDC-926R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 and compatibles</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMIT transfer type SCSI host adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEXA HA-55BS2 and its later models</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó ÎÉÍÉ C-Bus SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ bs)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-55, 92 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó ÎÉÍÉ</p>
+
+<p>ICM IF-2660</p>
+
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-554NA</p>
+
+<p>Logitec LHA-N151</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <tt class="LITERAL">flags 0x00000</tt> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É DMA.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98II</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <tt class="LITERAL">flags 0x10000</tt> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É DMA.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEXA HA-55BS2 É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÚÄÎÉÅ</p>
+
+<p>Midori-Denshi MDC-926Rs</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <tt class="LITERAL">flags 0x20000</tt> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Bus-master SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <tt class="LITERAL">flags 0x30000</tt> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ÓÅ SMIT transfer type SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <tt class="LITERAL">flags 0x40000</tt> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É SMIT.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-20x series</p>
+
+<p>ICM IF-2766, IF-2766ET, IF-2767 É IF-2769</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <tt class="LITERAL">flags 0x50000</tt> ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÆÁỀÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É Bus-master.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adv</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP510/5150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5140</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP5142</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP902/3902</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3905</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3922</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3925</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP542</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP742</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP842</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3960UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP752</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP852</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adw</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù SCSI, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP950UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP970UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AdvanSys ABP3950U2W</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× NCR/Symbios SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ É̀É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ × ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËƠÀ Đ̀ÁÔƠ, É̀É ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ËÁ̉ÔÙ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncv</span>(4)</span></a> ×
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCSC-DV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004, and UJDCD450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J03R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic Fast SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (SCSI only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stg&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">stg</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain SCSI2GO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Future Domain TMC-18XX/3260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM PSC-2401 SCSI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, REX-9836A</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that the Adaptec 2920C is supported by the ahc(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amd</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390T</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alpha-Data AD-PCS201</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA CBSC16</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929, LSI Logic FC929X (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÙ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ Alteon Tigon I É II. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ti&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ti</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ ÓÏ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÍÉ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ AMD PCnet/FAST,
+PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO É PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied-Telesis LA-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE32-VL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolan BICC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond HomeFree</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DEPCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra 486/66XM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Vectra XU</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ôÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ Ó Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ pcn(4). ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
+Ó ÎÉÍÉ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ ÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á pcn(4).</p>
+
+<p>SMC 83c17x (EPIC) Ethernet ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tx</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Ethernet:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c503 Etherlink II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AR-P500 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1644 (old model), EN1646 (old model), EN2203 (old model) (110pin) (flags
+0xd00000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2212/EN2216/UE2216</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis CentreCOM LA100-PCM_V2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis LA-98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIC-98, SIC-98NOTE (110pin), SIU-98 (flags 0x600000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis SIU-98-D (flags 0x610000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AmbiCom 10BaseT card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bay Networks NETGEAR FA410TXC Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet BC40 adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex Net-A adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98), RT-1007(98), C-NET(9N) (110pin) (flags 0xa00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(98)E-A, C-NET(98)L-A, C-NET(98)P (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether98-T (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether PCC-T/EtherII PCC-T/FEther PCC-TXF/PCC-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CyQ've ELA-010</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC EtherWorks DE305</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Danpex EN-6200P2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-298, DE-298P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DE-650/660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link IC-CARD/IC-CARD+ Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-98P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-BDN, LD-NW801G (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CDL/TX, LD-CDF, LD-CDS, LD-10/100CD, LD-CDWA (DP83902A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP PC Lan+ 27247B and 27252A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM Creditcard Ethernet I/II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ICM AD-ET2-T, DT-ET-25, DT-ET-T5, IF-2766ET, IF-2771ET, NB-ET-T (110pin) (flags
+0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA/T-98, LA/T-98SB, LA2/T-98, ET/T-98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA ET2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA PCLATE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kansai KLA-98C/T (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE-PC2, KNE-PCM/x Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EC2T/PCMPC100/PCM100, PCMLM56</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EtherFast 10/100 PC Card, Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card (PCMPC100 V2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LAN-98T (flags 0xb00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA Ethernet ME1 for JEIDA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA ME98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MACNICA NE2098 (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO EGY-98 (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGH-98, LGY-98, LGY-98-N (110pin), IND-SP, IND-SS (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TR</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LPC-T/LPC2-T/LPC2-CLT/LPC2-TX/LPC3-TX/LPC3-CLX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Ethernet Instant-Link</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-77, PC-9801-78 (flags 0x910000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-107, PC-9801-108 (flags 0x800000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor InfoMover NE4100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA-410TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetVin 5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Network Everywhere Ethernet 10BaseT PC Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld 98X3 (flags 0xd00000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Networld EC-98X, EP-98X (flags 0xd10000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Novell NE1000/NE2000/NE2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX ENW-8300-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298-C (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX EN-2298P-T, EN-2298-T (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX FNW-3600-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RealTek 8029</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Elite Ultra</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EtherEZ98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC WD8003E/WD8003EBT/WD8003S/WD8003SBT/WD8003W/WD8013EBT/WD8013W and clones</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Socket LP-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom EtherPerfect EP-427</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom NE-34</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD031, Grey Cell GCS2000 Ethernet Card</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Telecom Device SuperSocket RE450T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA VT86C926</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Winbond W89C940</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>C-Bus, ISA, PCI and PC Card devices are supported.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-528TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Winbond W89C840F ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Fast Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, É Rhine III ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE530-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 É SiS 7016 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast
+Ethernet É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ËÁË É ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÅ
+National Semiconductor DP83815 (MacPhyter). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ National Semiconductor DP83820 É DP83821 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit
+Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Addtron AEG320T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA622T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA621</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Sundance Technologies ST201 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù
+Fast Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-580TX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Texas Instruments ThunderLAN ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet É Fast Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Compaq PCI Ethernet. ôÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÁËÖÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet × ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ Compaq Prosignia É
+ÎÁÓÔÏ̀ØÎÙÈ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÈ Compaq Deskpro, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">aue</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AN986, AN8511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elecom LD-USBL/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP hn210e</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O Data USB ETTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNU101TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
+USB100TX, USB100H1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex UE-200TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Siemens Speedstream</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges smartNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2202USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHOware NUB100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ CATC USB-EL1210A ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U011/F5U111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CATC Netmate II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SmartBridges SmartLink</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c19250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADS Technologies USB-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AOX USB101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATen UC10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom URE 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega USB-T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-650C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O Data USB ETT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kawasaki DU-H3E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB10T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear EA101</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC 2102USB, 2104USB</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=axe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">axe</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ASIX Electronics AX88172 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DUBE100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB200M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8150 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù USB Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Green House GH-USB100B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys USB100M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udav&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">udav</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther USB-TXC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec ANA-6944/TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FastEther PCI-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZNYX ZX3xx</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù É ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fe</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Eiger Labs EPX-10BT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HITACHI HT-4840-11</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NextCom J Link NC5310</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132)
+(110-pin)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ep&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ep</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Ethernet, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel
+Tasking, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C1 CF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded
+adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á 3C656 ËÁ̉Ô CardBus É 3C556 ËÁ̉Ô MiniPCI ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ
+Đ̉ÏĐ̉ÉÅÔÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ. îÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>, ÎÉ ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor DP83934AVQB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-83</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-84</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801-104</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-15</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J02 PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9801N-J02R PCMCIA</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snc</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÁËÖÅ
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ National Semiconductor NS46C46 ËÁË 64 * 16 bits Microwave Serial
+EEPROM.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lge</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DGE-500SX</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-TXM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cR990B-SRV</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Å Broadcom BCM570x ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×
+ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á Intel 82540, 82541ER,
+82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546, 82546EB, 82546GB É 82547:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Gigabit Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× Intel 82542 É
+82543:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ï× Sun
+UltraSPARC. ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=my&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">my</span>(4)</span></a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Å ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ Myson chipset.
+đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD800 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD803 PCI Fast Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Myson MTD89X PCI Gigabit Ethernet chip</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S É RTL8110S ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet É
+Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vge</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ VIA Networking VT3119 É VT6122 ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Gigabit Ethernet,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>VIA Networking LAN-on-motherboard Gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN650-T 64-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1701)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ZyXEL GN670-T 32-bit PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC (ZX1702)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="TOKENRING" name="TOKENRING">3.3. Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.4. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>DEC DEFPA PCI (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.5. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Midway ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=en&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">en</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù hfa É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT NICStAR 77201/211 ATM ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=idt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">idt</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 É HE622 ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>IDT77252 ATM ËÁ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">patm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.6. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Lucent Technologies WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù É ÉÍ ĐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, É
+Symbol Spectrum24 ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Cisco/Aironet 802.11b ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=an&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">an</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>Raytheon Raylink 2.4GHz ÂÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ray&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ray</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">awi</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BayStack 660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Icom SL-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco WLI-PCM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEL SSMagic</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netwave AirSurfer Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia C020 WLAN</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon SkyLINE</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The original Xircom Netwave AirSurfer is supported by the cnw(4) driver.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cnw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cnw</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Xircom CreditCard Netwave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetWave AirSurfer</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.7. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× Tau-PCI WAN:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI/R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-L</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-L/R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-G703</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-2E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-4E1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-E3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-T3</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Cronyx Tau-PCI-STS1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.8. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.9. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>Internel ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>PC-9801 on-board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PC-9821 2'nd CCU (flags 0x12000000)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC PC-9861K, PC-9801-101 É Midori-Denshi MDC-926Rs (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>COM2 (flags 0x01000000)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>COM3 (flags 0x02000000)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC PC-9801-120 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x11000000".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Microcore MC-16550, MC-16550II, MC-RS98 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x14000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Media Intelligent RSB-2000, RSB-3000 É AIWA B98-02 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x15000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Media Intelligent RSB-384 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x16000001".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>I-O DATA RSA-98III (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "flags 0x18000?01".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Hayes ESP98 (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÆÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ "options COM_ESP" É "flags
+0x19000000".</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.10. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>NEC PC-9801-73, 86 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ nss)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NEC A-MATE internal sound</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Q-Vision WaveStar, WaveMaster</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>NEC X-MATE, CanBe, ValueStar internal (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ mss)</p>
+
+<p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster(98) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sb</span>(4)</span></a> )</p>
+
+<p>I-O DATA CD-BOX (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sb</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>MPU-401 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ mpu)</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Q-Vision WaveStar</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.11. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bktr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bktr</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ ×ÉÄÅÏ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÁÈ Brooktree
+Bt848/849/878/879, ËÁË É ËÁ̉ÔÙ Pinnacle PCTV, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AOpen VA1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AVerMedia AVerTV Studio</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AVerMedia TF/FM-98</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATI TV Wonder VE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hauppauge WinCast/TV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hauppauge WinTV-Go-FM</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hauppauge WinTV-pci</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hauppauge WinTV-radio</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel Smart Video Recorder III</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KWORLD PCI TV Tuner</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Miro PC TV</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Pinnacle PCTV Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Pinnacle PCTV Rave</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PixelView PlayTV PAK</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SIGMA TV II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>STB TV PCI Television Tuner</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Super TV Tuner</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>V-Stream XPERT TV-PVR 878</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Video Highway XTreme</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VideoLogic Captivator PCI</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.12. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ USB ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ; ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ, Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å. ÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á USB
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÚÁ ̉ÅÄËÉÍÉ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑÍÉ ̀ÀÂÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÚÄÅÓØ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> USB Bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å <a
+href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ Ó OHCI v1.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AMD-756</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 670 (USB0670)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CMD Tech 673 (USB0673)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NVIDIA nForce3</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ UHCI v1.1 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371AB/EB (PIIX4)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA 83C572</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>USB 2.0 ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÅ EHCI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ehci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ehci</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎĂÅÎỔÁÔÏ̉Ù</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Assist Computer Systems PC Camera C-M1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ActiveWire I/O Board</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Creative Technology Video Blaster WebCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DSB-R100 USB Radio (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ufm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ufm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mirunet AlphaCam Plus</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=urio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">urio</span>(4)</span></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond MultiMedia Rio 800</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umodem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umodem</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 5605</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Metricom Ricochet GS USB wireless modem</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Yamaha Broadband Wireless Router RTW65b</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ USB Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ï× É ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÎÙÈ ËÁÂÅ̀ÅÊ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÈ Đ̉ÉÎÔÅ̉Ï×,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon BJ F850, S600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon LBP-1310, 350</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett-Packard HP Deskjet 3420 (P/N: C8947A #ABJ)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Oki Data MICROLINE ML660PS</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Seiko Epson PM-900C, 880C, 820C, 730C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsa</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U103</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>e-Tek Labs Kwik232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GoHubs GoCOM232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peracom single port serial adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubser&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubser</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ï× ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀ØÀ BWCT.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>HP USB-Serial adapter shipped with some HP laptops</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Inland UAS111</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>QVS USC-1000</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uplcom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uplcom</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ATEN UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BAFO BF-810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM UC-SGT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HAL Corporation Crossam2+USB IR commander</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hama USB RS-232 Serial Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR UC-232A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I/O DATA USB-RSAQ2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX USB-RS232 URS-03</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC REX-USB60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sandberg USB to Serial Link (model number 133-08)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOURCENEXT KeikaiDenwa 8 (with and without charger)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Ericsson USB Cable (Susteen USB Data Cable)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umct</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U109</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U409</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Magic Control Technology USB-232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom USB-232</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uscanner&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uscanner</span>(4)</span></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 320U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 620U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Acer Acerscan C310U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1212U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e25</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e40</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e50</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan e52</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AGFA SnapScan Touch</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Avision 1200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N656U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N676U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan N1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Canon CanoScan LIDE 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 610</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 636U / 636Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 640U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1200U / 1200Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1240U / 1240Photo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1260</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Expression 1600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1640SU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1650</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1660</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 1670</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson Perfection 3200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-8400UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9300UF</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Epson GT-9700F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Photosmart S20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 2200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 3400CSE</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4100C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 4300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 5400C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6200C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hewlett Packard Scanjet 6300C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KYE ColorPage Vivid-Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom 336CX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek Phantom C6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6UL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker V6USL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtek ScanMaker X6U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Minolta 5400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 600 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 CU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 UB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek 1200 USB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mustek BearPaw 1200TA</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NatSemi BearPaw 1200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nikon CoolScan LS40 ED</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 1200u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado 600u</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 19200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax Colorado USB 9600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-3002</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E-600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2E600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G2X-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax G600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Primax ReadyScan 636i</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultima 1200 UB Plus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1220U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 1236U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2000U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2100U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 2200U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UMAX Astra 3400</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 3000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 5300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 7600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 6200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Visioneer OneTouch 8600</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB Mass Storage, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ADTEC Stick Drive AD-UST32M, 64M, 128M, 256M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Denno FireWire/USB2 Removable 2.5-inch HDD Case MIFU-25CB20</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FujiFilm Zip USB Drive ZDR100 USB A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GREEN HOUSE USB Flash Memory "PicoDrive" GH-UFD32M, 64M, 128M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 32MB USB Memory Key (P/N 22P5296)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM 256MB USB Drive (MSYSTEM DiskOnKey2)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM ThinkPad USB Portable CD-ROM Drive (P/N 33L5151)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB CD/CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R/DVD-RW/DVD-RAM/DVD-ROM Drive DVR-iUH2 (CDROM, DVD-RAM
+only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB x6 CD-RW Drive CDRW-i64/USB (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA USB/IEEE1394 Portable HD Drive HDP-i30P/CI, HDP-i40P/CI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega USB Zip 100/250 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Iomega Zip750 USB2.0 drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Keian USB1.1/2.0 3.5-inch HDD Case KU350A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kurouto Shikou USB 2.5-inch HDD Case GAWAP2.5PS-USB2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LaCie P3 HardDrive USB 200GB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LDR-H443U2 DVD-RAM/-R/+R/-RW/+RW drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec Mobile USB Memory LMC-256UD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB1.1/2.0 HDD Unit SHD-E60U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB Double-Speed Floppy Drive LFD-31U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec USB/IEEE1394 DVD-RAM/R/RW Unit LDR-N21FU2 (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "ClipDrive", RUF-C32M, -C64M, -C128M, -C256M, -C512M</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB Flash Disk "PetitDrive", RUF-32M, -64M, -128M, -256Mm</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 Flash Disk "PetitDrive2", RUF-256M/U2, -512M/U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MELCO USB2.0 MO Drive MO-CH640U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microtech International, Inc. USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NOVAC USB2.0 2.5/3.5-inch HDD Case NV-HD351U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PNY Attache Flash Drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic ("Matshita FDD CF-VFDU03")</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB20AN Portable DVD-ROM/CD-R/RW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KXL-CB35AN (DVD-ROM &amp; CD-R/RW)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic USB2.0 Portable CD-RW Drive KXL-RW40AN (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic floppy drive</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>RATOC Systems USB2.0 Removable HDD Case U2-MDK1, U2-MDK1B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-31 (Compact Flash)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SanDisk SDDR-75 (only Compact Flash port works)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom CN-300 MultiFlash (MMC/SD, SmartMedia, CF, MemoryStick)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Portable CD-R/RW Drive CRX10U (CDROM only)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TEAC Portable USB CD-ROM Unit CD-110PU/210PU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Trek Thumbdrive 8MB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VAIO floppy drive (includes Y-E Data Flashbuster-U)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Among the supported digital cameras are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Asahi Optical (PENTAX) Optio 230 &amp; 330</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uvisor&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uvisor</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Treo 600</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Handspring Visor</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm I705</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M130</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M505</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm M515</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten T</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Tungsten Z</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Palm Zire 31</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 4.1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie 5.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie PEG-S500C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie NX60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony Clie S360</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.13. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.14. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_bt3c&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_bt3c</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ bluetooth ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Á 3Com/HP 3CRWB6096-A PCCARD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_ubt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_ubt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Bluetooth USB ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ Bluetooth v1.1,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3CREB96</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>AIPTEK BR0R02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>EPoX BT-DG02</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Mitsumi Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MSI MS-6967</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>TDK Bluetooth USB adapter</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.15. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ Hifn 7751, 7951, 7811, 7955, É
+7956 chipsets, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Invertex AEON</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hifn 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PowerCrypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>XL-Crypt</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetSec 7751</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1201 and vpn1211</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Soekris Engineering vpn1401 and vpn1411</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ̀ÀÂƠÀ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SafeNet 1741</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁ̉ÔÙ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÅ ̀ÀÂƠÀ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5501</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Bluesteel 5601</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5801</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5802</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5805</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5821</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5822</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Broadcom BCM5823</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.16. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁËÓ-ÍÏÄÅÍ/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MELCO IGM-PCM56K/IGM-PCM56KH</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nokia Card Phone 2.0 (gsm900/dcs1800 HSCSD ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đ̉É×ÏÄÙ ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fdc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ëỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Bus ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mse&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mse</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>USB ÍÙÛØ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × FreeBSD.
+éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËỞÓÏ̉ÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ó <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a href="http://www.x.org/"
+target="_top">http://www.x.org/</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>``PC-9821 standard'' ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̉Ô ÄÖÏÊÓÔÉËÁ ÎÁ SoundBlaster(98) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=joy&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">joy</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>PHS Data Communication Card/PCCARD</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>NTT DoCoMo P-in Comp@ct</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Panasonic KX-PH405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SII MC-P200</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>Power Management Controller ÎÁ NEC PC-98 Note (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pmc)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-sparc64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-sparc64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a5c17f3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware-sparc64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1912 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/sparc64 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#SUPPORT-SYS">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#AEN27">đÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#AEN81">₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#AEN89">îÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#SUPPORT">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>3.1. <a href="#DISK">ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.2. <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.3. <a href="#TOKENRING">Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.4. <a href="#FDDI">FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.5. <a href="#ATM">ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.6. <a href="#WLAN">âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.7. <a href="#MISC-NETWORK">̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.8. <a href="#ISDN">ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.9. <a href="#SERIAL">đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.10. <a href="#AUDIO">áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.11. <a href="#CAMERA">ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.12. <a href="#USB">ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.13. <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.14. <a href="#BLUETOOTH">Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.15. <a href="#CRYPTO-ACCEL">ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>3.16. <a href="#MISC">ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE ÎÁ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ UltraSPARC ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.4-RELEASE). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁÈ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÑÄ̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ Đ̉É
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÁÑ Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ UltraSPARC. ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÄÅÔÁ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT-SYS" name="SUPPORT-SYS">2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ
+UltraSPARC. úÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÁÈ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://sunsolve.sun.com/handbook_pub/" target="_top">Sun System Handbook</a>.</p>
+
+<p>SMP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ 1 Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ƠĐÏÍÑÎƠÔÁ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓĐÉÓËÅ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ Ó FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE. íÙ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÍ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÅÅ É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ Ơ×ÅÄÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-sparc64" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ FreeBSD ÎÁ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞƠ SPARC</a> Ó ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÁÍÉ
+ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÈ É ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN27" name="AEN27">2.1. đÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Blade 100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Blade 150</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 220R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 250</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 420R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fire V100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Fire V120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t1 105</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra T1 AC200/DC200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1125</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra t 1400/1405</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra 120</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netra X1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SPARCEngine Ultra AXi</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SPARCEngine Ultra AXmp</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 5</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 30</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 60</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 80</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN81" name="AEN81">2.2. ₫ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD. ÷ ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉
+scsi × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ sbus ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 3500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Enterprise 4500</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN89" name="AEN89">2.3. îÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ FreeBSD. đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á (UltraSPARC III), ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ ÄÉÚÁÊÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ
+FreeBSD ÎÅÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÏÊ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×,
+ÂÅÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ FreeBSD ÂÅÓĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>÷ÓÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÏÍ(ÁÍÉ) UltraSPARC III.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ultra 1</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUPPORT" name="SUPPORT">3. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h2>
+
+$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v 1.2.2.4.2.1 2005/04/26
+06:38:34 den Exp $
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ FreeBSD ÎÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÅ UltraSPARC.
+ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀É Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.
+đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓĐÉÓËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É̀É Ë̀ÁÓÓÁ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. åÓ̀É Ơ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ÅÓÔØ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ FreeBSD
+(̃ÔÏ ×Å̉ÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×), ÎÁ ÎÅÅ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÓÙ̀ËÁ. éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× É Ô.Ä. ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> óĐÉÓÏË ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÉÚ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̉ÁÚ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DISK" name="DISK">3.1. ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù ÄÉÓËÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>IDE/ATA ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÈÏÓÔ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù SCSI É ËÁ̉ÔÙ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(W)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 274X(T)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 284X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2910</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2915</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2920</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930C</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2930U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Dual</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940UW Pro</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2940U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 2950U2B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 19160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160B</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29160N</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AU</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940AUW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3940U2W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3950U2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3960</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 3985</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 4944UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC RvII26 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahd</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 29320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec 39320 host adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-4X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 300-8X</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SATA 150-6</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID i4 133 RAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-1</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID SCSI 320-4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 3/QC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Di</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4e/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Dell PERC 4ei</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-1/Si</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>HP Embedded NetRAID</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCS16</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel RAID Controller SRCU42X</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ï× NCR/Symbios SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C820</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875J</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C885</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The following add-on boards are known to be supported:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>53C810</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C810A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C815</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C825A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C860</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C875</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C876</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C895A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C897</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1000R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-33</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1010-66</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>53C1510D</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ É̀É ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ × ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËƠÀ Đ̀ÁÔƠ, É̀É ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ËÁ̉ÔÙ
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NCR cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Tyan S1365</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>ISP1000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS440</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ISP1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1240</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1020</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1040</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1080</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 1280</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 12160</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2102</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2200</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2202</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2204</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Qlogic 2312</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PTI SBS470</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Antares P-0033</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LSI Logic FC929, LSI Logic FC929X (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>íÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍÙ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mpt</span>(4)</span></a>, ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÙ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Dell PowerEdge 1750</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM eServer xSeries 335</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÁÍÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÉ
+SCSI-I, SCSI-II É SCSI-III, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÖÅÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÏĐÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ̀ÅÎÔÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÎÁËÏĐÉÔÅ̀É
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, É DLT), ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÍÅÎÙ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ É Đ̉É×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM. WORM ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ CD-ROM,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÏÍ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁÍÉ CD-ROM (ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>). đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ
+ÚÁĐÉÓÉ WORM/CD-R/CD-RW Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ CD-ROM ÔÉĐÁ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SCSI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (ÔÁËÖÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀƯÉÊ ProAudio Spectrum É SoundBlaster SCSI) (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ATAPI IDE ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2. Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5D5000</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>BUFFALO (Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX (CardBus)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq HNE-300</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEther CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega FEtherII CB-TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-528TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-530TX+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-538TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-690TXD</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Genius GF100TXR,</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne FPC-0106TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Longshine LCS-8038TX-R</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Peppercon AG ROL-F</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Planex FNW-3800-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SOHO (PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>DEC/Intel 21143</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Abocom FE2500</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Accton EN2242 MiniPCI</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143,
+non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A,
+MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Hawking CB102 CardBus</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Melco LGY-PCI-TXL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Netgear FA511</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>SVEC PN102-TX (98713)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Realport</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>áÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Intel EtherExpress PRO/10</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel InBusiness 10/100</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-TPC</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-FL</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c900B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-T4</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-FX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905B-COMBO</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905C-TX</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT, 3CCFEM656,
+3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C CardBus adapters</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, 3c920B-EMB, and 3c920B-EMB-WNM embedded
+adapters</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>óÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á 3C656 ËÁ̉Ô CardBus É 3C556 ËÁ̉Ô MiniPCI ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎƠÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ
+Đ̉ÏĐ̉ÉÅÔÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ. îÉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a>, ÎÉ ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÅÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÅ Ethernet ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ï× Sun
+UltraSPARC. ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ëÁ̉ÔÙ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gem&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gem</span>(4)</span></a>,
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Sun GEM gigabit Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sun ERI 10/100 Mbps Ethernet</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple GMAC</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S É RTL8110S ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù Fast Ethernet É
+Gigabit Ethernet, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>LevelOne GNC-0105T (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="TOKENRING" name="TOKENRING">3.3. Token Ring ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FDDI" name="FDDI">3.4. FDDI ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ATM" name="ATM">3.5. ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. PCA-200E ATM PCI ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù hfa É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>FORE Systems, Inc. HE155 É HE622 ATM ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hatm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hatm</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="WLAN" name="WLAN">3.6. âÅÓĐ̉Ï×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC-NETWORK" name="MISC-NETWORK">3.7. ̣ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="ISDN" name="ISDN">3.8. ISDN ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SERIAL" name="SERIAL">3.9. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ̃ÉĐÅ SAB82532 ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sab&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sab</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ Zilog 8530 dual uart, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉
+zs)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AUDIO" name="AUDIO">3.10. áƠÄÉÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CAMERA" name="CAMERA">3.11. ëÁÍÅ̉Ù É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á
+×ÉÄÅÏÚÁÈ×ÁÔÁ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.12. ơÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á USB</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umct&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">umct</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U109</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Belkin F5U409</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>D-Link DU-H3SP USB BAY Hub</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Magic Control Technology USB-232</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sitecom USB-232</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.13. IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwohci</span>(4)</span></a>
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô PCI/CardBus FireWire. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÉË̉ÏÓÈÅÍ IEEE 1394 OHCI:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Adaptec AHA-894x/AIC-5800</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple Pangea</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Apple UniNorth</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Intel 82372FB</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>IOGEAR GUF320</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Lucent FW322/323</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72861</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72870</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72871/2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72873</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>NEC uPD72874</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>National Semiconductor CS4210</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C551</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Ricoh R5C552</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony CX3022</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD1947)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Sony i.LINK (CXD3222)</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4410A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4450</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments PCI4451</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB12LV26</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AA22</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB21/A/AI/A-EP</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB43AB23</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Texas Instruments TSB82AA2</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>VIA Fire II (VT6306)</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbp</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="BLUETOOTH" name="BLUETOOTH">3.14. Bluetooth ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CRYPTO-ACCEL" name="CRYPTO-ACCEL">3.15. ë̉ÉĐÔÏÇ̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+ÁËÓÅ̀Å̉ÁÔÏ̉Ù</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="MISC" name="MISC">3.16. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á</a></h3>
+
+<p>OpenFirmware ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø (Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ofwcons)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8f21579cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/hardware.html
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print" href="../../../layout/css/fixed.css?20130112" type="text/css" />
+
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="containerwrap">
+      <div id="container">
+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
+  <a href="#contentwrap" title="Skip section navigation" accesskey="2">Skip section navigation</a> (2)
+</span>
+        <div id="headercontainer">
+          <div id="header">
+            <h2 class="blockhide">Header And Logo</h2>
+            <div id="headerlogoleft">
+              <a href="../.." title="FreeBSD">
+                <img src="../../../layout/images/logo-red.png" width="457" height="75" alt="FreeBSD" />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+            <div id="headerlogoright">
+              <div class="frontdonateroundbox">
+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatecontent">
+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatebot">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Peripheral Links</h2>
+              <div id="searchnav">
+                <ul id="searchnavlist"></ul>
+              </div>
+              <div id="search">
+                <form method="get" id="search-form" action="https://duckduckgo.com/" onsubmit="document.getElementById('words').value+=' (site:www.FreeBSD.org OR site:docs.FreeBSD.org OR site:lists.FreeBSD.org OR site:wiki.FreeBSD.org OR site:forums.FreeBSD.org)'">
+                  <h2 class="blockhide">
+                    <label for="words">đÏÉÓË</label>
+                  </h2>
+                  <input type="hidden" name="ka" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kt" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kh" value="1" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kj" value="r2" />
+                  <input id="words" name="q" type="text" size="20" maxlength="255" onfocus="if( this.value==this.defaultValue ) this.value='';" value="đÏÉÓË" />
+                  <span>�</span>
+                  <input id="submit" name="submit" type="submit" value="đÏÉÓË" />
+                </form>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <h2 class="blockhide">Site Navigation</h2>
+          <div id="menu">
+            <ul class="first">
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../">îÁ Ç̀Á×ÎƠÀ</a>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../about.html">ï FreeBSD</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../projects/newbies.html">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../features.html">÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../advocacy/">áÄ×ÏËÁÔỞÁ</a>
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+                    <a href="../../../marketing/">íÁ̉ËÅÔÉÎÇ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
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+              <li>
+                <a href="../../where.html">đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a>
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+                    <a href="../../releases/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ</a>
+                  </li>
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+                    <a href="../../releng/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
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+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../docs.html">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/">₫ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/porters-handbook">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÅ̉Á</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi">óỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../community.html">óÏÏÂƯÅÓÔ×Ï</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../community/mailinglists.html">óĐÉÓËÉ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://forums.freebsd.org">æÏ̉ƠÍÙ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../usergroups.html">ç̉ƠĐĐÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../events/events.html">óÏÂÙÔÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
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+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../projects/index.html">̣ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÁ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/IdeasPage">éÄÅÉ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://svn.FreeBSD.org/viewvc/base/">SVN ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org">CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://p4web.FreeBSD.org">Perforce ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../support.html">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../commercial/commercial.html">ëÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../security/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../send-pr.html">ïÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/">æÏÎÄ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/donate/">đÏÖÅ̉Ô×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">îÁ×ÉÇÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(óÔÁ̉ÙÊ) đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">óÎÜĐÛÏÔ-̉Å̀ÉÚÙ</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">đÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</h1>
+
+    <p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD ĐƠẦÉËƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
+      Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (É̀É
+      Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÙ) ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Ï× É̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ.</p>
+
+    <p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ Ä̀Ñ
+      Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><a href="hardware-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+      <li><a href="hardware-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+      <li><a href="hardware-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+      <li><a href="hardware-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+      <li><a href="hardware-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+      <li><a href="hardware-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>óĐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÈÓÑ × ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ, ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎ
+      ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+      Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í</a>.</p>
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">ëÁ̉ÔÁ ÓÁÊÔÁ</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">ơÓ̀Ï×ÉÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a> | ¿ 1995-2014
+  đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD. ÷ÓÅ Đ̉Á×Á ÚÁƯÉƯÅÎÙ.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-alpha.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-alpha.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..beb4515b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-alpha.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1200 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/alpha 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/alpha
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/alpha 5.4-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ Alpha/AXP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD/alpha. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ. üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓË ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎ Ë SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ơ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ SRM firmware É̀É Ë IDE ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ơ, ÅÓ̀É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó IDE ÄÉÓËÏ× ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̉ÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ïâñúáôǻøîï ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÅ̉×ÙÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÏÍ (̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ <tt
+class="LITERAL">a</tt>) ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ä̀Ñ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÔÁ̀Á ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ firmware SRM ËÏÎÓÏ̀É Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ. ÷ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
+ĐÅ̉ÅË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÖÄƠ AlphaBIOS (É̀É ARC) firmware É SRM. ÷ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ
+ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ firmware Ó ×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ỔÅÈ) Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË
+ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ CDROM É̀É ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ÏÂƯÅÍ
+Ó̀ỠÁÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÅÍ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ
+ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏĐƠƯÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË Ó CDROM É̀É ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (Ä̀Ñ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ. úÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ×ÓÅ
+<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> Ó <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀, ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å
+<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á É̀É, É̀É ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÉÓÔÙÈ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÔÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ É ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏẨÁÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ, Á <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ. üÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> DOS ÆÁỀÙ. ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ
+ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS É̀É UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ×
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> ĐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÎÁ CDROM É̀É ÎÁ FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ FreeBSD) É̀É Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> × UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdimage boot.flp a:</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> × ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ. ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å UNIX, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ UNIX
+ĐÏ-̉ÁÚÎÏÍƠ ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó CDROM. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ FreeBSD ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÎÅÇÏ. ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ
+ÄÉÓË × Đ̉É×ÏÄ É ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ (ĐÏÄÓÔÁ×É× Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ ÉÍÑ
+CDROM ÅÓ̀É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dka0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×Ù ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁ̃ÁÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÁÍ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ÆÁỀÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ÉÚ <a
+href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>. ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>, Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÉÚ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ SRM ËÏÎÓÏ̀É (<tt class="LITERAL">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt>) ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dva0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ É ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÏÅ
+ÏËÎÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN209" name="AEN209">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÁ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔØ FreeBSD/alpha
+ĐƠÔÅÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á × Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÉ SRM Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot dkc0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïÎÁ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ firmware ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ƠËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ. ä̀Ñ ĐÏÉÓËÁ SRM ÉÍÅÎ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <tt class="LITERAL">show device</tt>:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+&gt;&gt;&gt;<kbd class="USERINPUT">show device</kbd>
+dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
+dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
+dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
+dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
+ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
+pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
+pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
+pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ×ÚÑÔ Ó Digital Personal Workstation 433au É ĐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ỔÉ ÄÉÓËÁ,
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ë ÍÁÛÉÎÅ. đÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜÔÏ CDROM, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ <tt class="DEVICENAME">dka0</tt>, Á
+Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Ä×Á ÄÉÓËÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <tt class="DEVICENAME">dkc0</tt> É <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">dkc100</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ËÁËÏÊ ÆÁỀ ÑÄ̉Á ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÔØ É ËÁËÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁÍÉ <code class="OPTION">-file</code> É <code class="OPTION">-flags</code>,
+ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">boot -file kernel.old -flags s</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ FreeBSD/alpha, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">set boot_osflags a</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">set bootdef_dev dkc0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">set auto_action BOOT</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN248" name="AEN248">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <tt
+class="LITERAL">FTP</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN280" name="AEN280">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN345" name="AEN345">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN370" name="AEN370">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN376" name="AEN376">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <code class="OPTION">link0</code> ×
+ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
+Ó ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN387" name="AEN387">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN397" name="AEN397">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</tt>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN414" name="AEN414">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/alpha/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN436" name="AEN436">1.5.6. óÏ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊ VGA ËÁ̉ÔÙ), Ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>đÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ ̀ÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ É̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á Ë
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> ĐÏ̉ÔƠ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>ïÔË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ!) É ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É̀É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÉĐÁ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ, Ó
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÏÊ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉ̃ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É, ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ ÏĐÑÔØ.
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ <a href="#HITSPACE">ÛÁÇ 5</a> ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. đÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÉÔÓÑ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏĐÑÔØ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP"><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Á ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ĂÉÆ̉Ơ <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô. åÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, Đ̉Ï×Å̉ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á É̀É
+ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á. ïÎÉ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̃ÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN466" name="AEN466">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+Alpha/AXP</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ARC É̀É Alpha BIOS
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! äÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̀É Ñ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ
+ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ??</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù Compaq Tru64 É̀É
+VMS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× Compaq Tru64
+(OSF/1)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× Linux?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× NT Alpha?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ARC É̀É Alpha
+BIOS ËÏÎÓÏ̀É?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÅÔ. FreeBSD, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË Compaq Tru64 É VMS, ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ó SRM
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! äÏ̀ÖÅÎ
+̀É Ñ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ??</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÄÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù Compaq Tru64 É̀É VMS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÎÅÔ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> ₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×
+Compaq Tru64 (OSF/1)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD Ï̃ÅÎØ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ Tru64 Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ĐÁËÅÔÁ/ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/osf1_base/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/osf1_base</tt></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> ₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ× Linux?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ AlphaLinux Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ/ĐÁËÅÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/linux_base/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/linux_base</tt></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> ₫ÔÏ ÎÁÓ̃ÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×
+NT Alpha?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ NT, ÈÏÔÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù
+NT.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>ôÅ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍỜØÔÉÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á, ÎÏ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ ÔÁÍ
+ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ-Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ
+``live filesystem''. ïÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Đ̉É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÉ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD (ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a> ÚÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
+
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ (ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ
+ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ. îÅÓ̀ÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ 1.44í ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÓØ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>), É
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM, FTP, É̀É NFS. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
+Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
+̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ
+(ÆÁỀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN695" name="AEN695">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN699" name="AEN699">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN773" name="AEN773">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN776" name="AEN776">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN779" name="AEN779">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">base</tt>, É <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ƠÖÅ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN794" name="AEN794">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' × Ç̀Á×ÎÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïĐĂÉÑ ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+FreeBSD; ÜÔÁ ÏĐĂÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+FreeBSD. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̀ÉÂÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ, ËÁË É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
+É̀É ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó ``live filesystem''. ÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÁÈ FreeBSD, ÏẨÁÚ live
+filesystem ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ̉ÅÖÉÍ fixit. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĐƠÎËÔÏÍ
+``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ÎƠÖÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÏĐĂÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ ``CDROM/DVD''.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÛÁÇÏ×. ÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ
+<tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ ĐÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Floppy'' É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ É ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÈÏÖÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉ̃ÎÙ. ÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÁÑ ÓỔÏËÁ Ó ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
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+<p>÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt>, É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. ÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ
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+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ
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+class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN839" name="AEN839">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
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+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
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+</body>
+</html>
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+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
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+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
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+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
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+
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+<hr />
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+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
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+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
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+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
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+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
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+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
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+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
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+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
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+</div>
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+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ AMD64 ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÍÉ Athlon64, Athlon64-FX, Opteron É̀É ×ÙÛÅ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ nVidia nForce3 Pro-150, ×ÁÍ îåïâèïäéíï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ BIOS
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+ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ĐƠÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
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+<div class="SECT2">
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+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
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+<div class="SECT2">
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+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó CDROM. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM É
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+
+<ul>
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+ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
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+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN209" name="AEN209">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
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+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
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+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
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+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN248" name="AEN248">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <tt
+class="LITERAL">FTP</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN280" name="AEN280">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN320" name="AEN320">1.5.3. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á MS-DOS ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÙ ÉÚ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å DOS (<tt
+class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÆÁỀÙ, ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD C:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ CD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS (É Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt
+class="FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> -- ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÜÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ É
+×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``DOS'' × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ ËÏÇÄÁ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔ ×̉ÅÍÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN345" name="AEN345">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN370" name="AEN370">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN376" name="AEN376">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <code class="OPTION">link0</code> ×
+ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
+Ó ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN387" name="AEN387">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN397" name="AEN397">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</tt>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN414" name="AEN414">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN436" name="AEN436">1.5.6. óÏ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊ VGA ËÁ̉ÔÙ), Ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>đÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ ̀ÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ É̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á Ë
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> ĐÏ̉ÔƠ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>ïÔË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ!) É ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É̀É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÉĐÁ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ, Ó
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÏÊ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉ̃ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É, ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ ÏĐÑÔØ.
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ <a href="#HITSPACE">ÛÁÇ 5</a> ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. đÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÉÔÓÑ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏĐÑÔØ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP"><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Á ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ĂÉÆ̉Ơ <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô. åÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, Đ̉Ï×Å̉ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á É̀É
+ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á. ïÎÉ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̃ÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN466" name="AEN466">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+AMD64</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îƠÖÎÏ ̀É ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ
+ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">íÏÇƠ Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ DOS ×
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îƠÖÎÏ ̀É
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>åÓ̀É ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ DOS É Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÎÅÔ É̀É
+ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÏ! ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <b
+class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÁÑÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt>
+FreeBSD CDROM É̀É ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ftp ÓÁÊÔÁÈ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï DOS
+ÎÁ Ä×Å ̃ÁÓÔÉ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÑ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÄÅ̀ÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÎÁ ×ÔÏ̉ƠÀ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎƠÀ
+̃ÁÓÔØ. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÄÅÆ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ <tt
+class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> ÉÚ DOS 6.xx É̀É <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk
+Tools</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ FIPS. ïÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀. ỡÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ FIPS ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ËÁË ``Ë̀ÏÎ'' ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ, ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS. îÅ ×Ï̀ÎƠÊÔÅÓØ! ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ DOS (ƠÂÅÄÉ×ÛÉÓØ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀,
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉É× ÅÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉).</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ îå ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ NTFS. ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÊ Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË <b
+class="APPLICATION">Partition Magic</b>. üÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÏÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ,
+ÅÓ̀É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Windows ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÎỜÑ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ DOS.
+đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> íÏÇƠ Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÅÔ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÁËƠÀ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ ËÁË <b
+class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) É̀É <b class="APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm),
+FreeBSD ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÔƠ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ×Ù ÏÓÔÁ×É̀É
+ÎÅÓÖÁÔÏÊ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂƠÄÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ
+(ÆÁỀ stacked/dblspaced!). <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
+ÆÁỀ</i></span>!</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÊ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÊ DOS ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÆÁỀÏ× ÍÅÖÄƠ DOS É FreeBSD, ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>äÁ. ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÏÓ̀Å Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ``Ó̀ÁÊÓÏ×'' FreeBSD, Ô.Å.
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> -- <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt> É Ô.Ä. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å
+Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI 0. ä̀Ñ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
+<tt class="LITERAL">da</tt> ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">ad</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. éÎÙÍÉ Ó̀Ï×ÁÍÉ,
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù ÍÏÎÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ̀ÀÂÙÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ DOS ÄÉÓËÉ, Ô.Å.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+DOS × FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>èÏÔÑ ÅƯÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÓỔÙÅ ƠÇ̀Ù, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a>,
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ. đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. åÓ̀É
+×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ, ÏÔĐ̉Á×ØÔÅ ĐÉÓØÍÏ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ×Ï FreeBSD</a> É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÜÔÏÊ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÀƯÅÊÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ!</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÔ 8088 É
+BIOS ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS. ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÍƠ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ X Window
+System (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD
+Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.
+đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/wine/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/wine</tt></a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÄ FreeBSD,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × X
+Windows (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÍÉÔÉ̉ƠÀÔ
+``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ'' É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ĐÏ×Å̉È FreeBSD.
+đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/bochs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/bochs</tt></a> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, Linux É
+ÄÁÖÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ËÏĐÉÑÍ FreeBSD ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÏËÎÁ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÅÇÏ ÓÔÏ̀Á FreeBSD. đÏ̉ÔÙ/ĐÁËÅÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware2</tt></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware3/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware3</tt></a> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ VMware.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>ôÅ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍỜØÔÉÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á, ÎÏ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ ÔÁÍ
+ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ-Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ
+``live filesystem''. ïÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Đ̉É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÉ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD (ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a> ÚÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
+
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ (ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ
+ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ. îÅÓ̀ÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ 1.44í ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÓØ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>), É
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM, FTP, É̀É NFS. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
+Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
+̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ
+(ÆÁỀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN695" name="AEN695">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN699" name="AEN699">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN773" name="AEN773">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN776" name="AEN776">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN779" name="AEN779">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">base</tt>, É <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ƠÖÅ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN794" name="AEN794">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' × Ç̀Á×ÎÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïĐĂÉÑ ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+FreeBSD; ÜÔÁ ÏĐĂÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+FreeBSD. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̀ÉÂÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ, ËÁË É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
+É̀É ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó ``live filesystem''. ÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÁÈ FreeBSD, ÏẨÁÚ live
+filesystem ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ̉ÅÖÉÍ fixit. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĐƠÎËÔÏÍ
+``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ÎƠÖÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÏĐĂÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ ``CDROM/DVD''.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÛÁÇÏ×. ÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ
+<tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ ĐÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Floppy'' É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ É ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÈÏÖÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉ̃ÎÙ. ÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÁÑ ÓỔÏËÁ Ó ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ÷Å̉ÓÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ live
+filesystem ×ÅÓØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD. îÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ ÏÂßÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt>, É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. ÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÔÅ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÉÚ live filesystem, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN839" name="AEN839">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ AMD64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ i386 Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ 486 Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ É̀É ×ÙÛÅ (ÈÏÔÑ Ó
+Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÑÄ̉ÏÍ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÈ 386), ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 24 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ. ÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 150MB Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ
+Ä̀Ñ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÉÖÅ ÄÁÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ỞÅÚÁÎÉÀ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ỔÅÈ) Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË
+ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ CDROM É̀É ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ÏÂƯÅÍ
+Ó̀ỠÁÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÅÍ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ
+ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏĐƠƯÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË Ó CDROM É̀É ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÀÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (Ä̀Ñ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ. úÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ×ÓÅ
+<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> Ó <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀, ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å
+<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á É̀É, É̀É ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÉÓÔÙÈ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÔÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ É ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏẨÁÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ, Á <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ. üÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> DOS ÆÁỀÙ. ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ
+ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS É̀É UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ×
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> ĐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÎÁ CDROM É̀É ÎÁ FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ FreeBSD) É̀É Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> × UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdimage boot.flp a:</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É <tt class="FILENAME">fdimage.exe</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> × ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ. ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å UNIX, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ UNIX
+ĐÏ-̉ÁÚÎÏÍƠ ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó CDROM. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä×Á ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉Ô ``CDBOOT'' ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ CDROM É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ Ó CD
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD × Đ̉É×ÏÄ É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ĐÏÄ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. úÁÔÅÍ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏ̉Å ÎÁ̃ÎÅÔÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM (É̀É ×ÁÛ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó CDROM), ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ PPP, SLIP É̀É ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.
+îÁ̃ÎÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ × <a
+href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>. đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>; ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ.
+đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FTPNFS">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.5.5</a> Ó ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É NFS.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN209" name="AEN209">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN248" name="AEN248">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <tt
+class="LITERAL">FTP</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN280" name="AEN280">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN320" name="AEN320">1.5.3. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á MS-DOS ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÙ ÉÚ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">FREEBSD</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å DOS (<tt
+class="DEVICENAME">C:</tt>). îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÆÁỀÙ, ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD C:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">C:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ CD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS (É Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt
+class="FILENAME">C:\FREEBSD</tt> -- ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÜÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ É
+×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``DOS'' × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ ËÏÇÄÁ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔ ×̉ÅÍÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN345" name="AEN345">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN370" name="AEN370">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN376" name="AEN376">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <code class="OPTION">link0</code> ×
+ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
+Ó ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN387" name="AEN387">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN397" name="AEN397">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</tt>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN414" name="AEN414">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN436" name="AEN436">1.5.6. óÏ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ
+ËÏÎÓÏ̀É</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÊ VGA ËÁ̉ÔÙ), Ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ:</p>
+
+<div class="PROCEDURE">
+<ol type="1">
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>đÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ ̀ÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ É̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á Ë
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">COM1</tt> ĐÏ̉ÔƠ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>ïÔË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ!) É ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É̀É
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÔÉĐÁ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ, Ó
+ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÊ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÏÊ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉ̃ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É, ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞƠ ÏĐÑÔØ.
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ <a href="#HITSPACE">ÛÁÇ 5</a> ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Ï×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP">
+<p>đ̉É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>. đÏÓ̀Å ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b
+class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>, É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>. ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÉÔÓÑ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏĐÑÔØ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li class="STEP"><a id="HITSPACE" name="HITSPACE"></a>
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å Ú×ƠËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁ̀Á ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ĂÉÆ̉Ơ <b class="KEYCAP">6</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">boot -h</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô. åÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, Đ̉Ï×Å̉ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á É̀É
+ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á. ïÎÉ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ
+̃ÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN466" name="AEN466">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+i386</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>1.6.1. <a href="#Q1.6.1.">đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îƠÖÎÏ ̀É ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ
+ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.2. <a href="#Q1.6.2.">íÏÇƠ Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.3. <a href="#Q1.6.3.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.4. <a href="#Q1.6.4.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ DOS ×
+FreeBSD?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.5. <a href="#Q1.6.5.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>1.6.6. <a href="#Q1.6.6.">íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.1." name="Q1.6.1."></a><b>1.6.1.</b> đÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ! îƠÖÎÏ ̀É
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÓÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>åÓ̀É ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ DOS É Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÎÅÔ É̀É
+ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅƯÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÎÏ! ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <b
+class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b>, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÁÑÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">tools/</tt>
+FreeBSD CDROM É̀É ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ftp ÓÁÊÔÁÈ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÓÔ×Ï DOS
+ÎÁ Ä×Å ̃ÁÓÔÉ, ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÑ ÉÍÅÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÄÅ̀ÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÎÁ ×ÔÏ̉ƠÀ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎƠÀ
+̃ÁÓÔØ. óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÄÅÆ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ <tt
+class="FILENAME">DEFRAG</tt> ÉÚ DOS 6.xx É̀É <b class="APPLICATION">Norton Disk
+Tools</b>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ FIPS. ïÎ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀. ỡÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ FIPS ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ËÁË ``Ë̀ÏÎ'' ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ, ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS. îÅ ×Ï̀ÎƠÊÔÅÓØ! ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÅ̉×É̃ÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ DOS (ƠÂÅÄÉ×ÛÉÓØ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀,
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉É× ÅÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉).</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ îå ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ NTFS. ä̀Ñ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÊ Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË <b
+class="APPLICATION">Partition Magic</b>. üÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÏÊ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ,
+ÅÓ̀É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Windows ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÎỜÑ.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">FIPS</b> ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÁÍÉ DOS.
+đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.2." name="Q1.6.2."></a><b>1.6.2.</b> íÏÇƠ Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÅÔ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÔÁËƠÀ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ ËÁË <b
+class="APPLICATION">Stacker</b>(tm) É̀É <b class="APPLICATION">DoubleSpace</b>(tm),
+FreeBSD ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÔƠ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ×Ù ÏÓÔÁ×É̀É
+ÎÅÓÖÁÔÏÊ. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂƠÄÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ
+(ÆÁỀ stacked/dblspaced!). <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
+ÆÁỀ</i></span>!</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÊ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÊ DOS ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÆÁỀÏ× ÍÅÖÄƠ DOS É FreeBSD, ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.3." name="Q1.6.3."></a><b>1.6.3.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>äÁ. ̣ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù DOS ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÏÓ̀Å Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ``Ó̀ÁÊÓÏ×'' FreeBSD, Ô.Å.
+<tt class="DEVICENAME">D:</tt> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s5</tt>, <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> -- <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/da0s6</tt> É Ô.Ä. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å
+Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÊ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI 0. ä̀Ñ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
+<tt class="LITERAL">da</tt> ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">ad</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. éÎÙÍÉ Ó̀Ï×ÁÍÉ,
+̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù ÍÏÎÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ̀ÀÂÙÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ DOS ÄÉÓËÉ, Ô.Å.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.4." name="Q1.6.4."></a><b>1.6.4.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+DOS × FreeBSD?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>èÏÔÑ ÅƯÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÓỔÙÅ ƠÇ̀Ù, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=doscmd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">doscmd</span>(1)</span></a>,
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ. đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. åÓ̀É
+×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ ÜÔÏÊ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ, ÏÔĐ̉Á×ØÔÅ ĐÉÓØÍÏ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ×Ï FreeBSD</a> É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÜÔÏÊ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÀƯÅÊÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ!</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/pcemu/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/pcemu</tt></a> × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÅÔ 8088 É
+BIOS ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS. ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÍƠ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ X Window
+System (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.5." name="Q1.6.5."></a><b>1.6.5.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD
+Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>.
+đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/wine/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/wine</tt></a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ỞÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÄ FreeBSD,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × X
+Windows (XFree86).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q1.6.6." name="Q1.6.6."></a><b>1.6.6.</b> íÏÇƠ ̀É Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÍÉÔÉ̉ƠÀÔ
+``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ'' É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ĐÏ×Å̉È FreeBSD.
+đÏ̉Ô/ĐÁËÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/bochs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/bochs</tt></a> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, Linux É
+ÄÁÖÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ËÏĐÉÑÍ FreeBSD ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÎƠỔÉ ÏËÎÁ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÅÇÏ ÓÔÏ̀Á FreeBSD. đÏ̉ÔÙ/ĐÁËÅÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware2</tt></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/vmware3/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/vmware3</tt></a> ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÔØ × FreeBSD ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ
+×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ VMware.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>ôÅ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍỜØÔÉÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á, ÎÏ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ ÔÁÍ
+ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ-Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ
+``live filesystem''. ïÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Đ̉É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÉ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD (ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a> ÚÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
+
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ (ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ
+ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ. îÅÓ̀ÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ 1.44í ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÓØ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>), É
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM, FTP, É̀É NFS. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
+Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
+̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ
+(ÆÁỀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN695" name="AEN695">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN699" name="AEN699">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN773" name="AEN773">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN776" name="AEN776">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN779" name="AEN779">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">base</tt>, É <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ƠÖÅ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN794" name="AEN794">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' × Ç̀Á×ÎÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïĐĂÉÑ ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+FreeBSD; ÜÔÁ ÏĐĂÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+FreeBSD. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̀ÉÂÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ, ËÁË É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
+É̀É ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó ``live filesystem''. ÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÁÈ FreeBSD, ÏẨÁÚ live
+filesystem ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ̉ÅÖÉÍ fixit. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĐƠÎËÔÏÍ
+``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ÎƠÖÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÏĐĂÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ ``CDROM/DVD''.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÛÁÇÏ×. ÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ
+<tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ ĐÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Floppy'' É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ É ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÈÏÖÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉ̃ÎÙ. ÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÁÑ ÓỔÏËÁ Ó ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ÷Å̉ÓÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ live
+filesystem ×ÅÓØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD. îÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ ÏÂßÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt>, É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. ÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÔÅ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÉÚ live filesystem, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN839" name="AEN839">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ i386</a></h3>
+
+<div class="QANDASET">
+<dl>
+<dt>4.2.1. <a href="#Q4.2.1.">íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ Đ̉É ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É
+ÓỔÁÎÎÏ ×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÅÂÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, É̀É ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ ÎÅ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.2. <a href="#Q4.2.2.">ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀Ñ×ÛÅÅÓÑ × Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ
+FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ. ₫ÔÏ Ó̀ỠÉ̀ÏÓØ?</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.3. <a href="#Q4.2.3.">đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ñ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÀÓØ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ
+ÄÉÓËÁ, ÑÄ̉Ï ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ É ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ
+×ÉÄÁ:</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.4. <a href="#Q4.2.4.">ñ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÀ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD, ÎÏ Boot Manager ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ × ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt class="LITERAL">F?</tt> É
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.5. <a href="#Q4.2.5.">ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁÛÅ̀ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï É ÍÅÛÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ
+ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel EtherExpress.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.6. <a href="#Q4.2.6.">óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ËÁ̉ÔƠ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> ÎÏ Ñ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÀ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ device
+timeout.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.7. <a href="#Q4.2.7.">ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉ̀ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐ IBM ThinkPad (tm)
+É Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.8. <a href="#Q4.2.8.">íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁ̉ÔƠ Intel EtherExpress
+16.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.9. <a href="#Q4.2.9.">đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ EISA HP Netserver, ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ SCSI
+ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ AIC-7xxx ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.10. <a href="#Q4.2.10.">ơ ÍÅÎÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Panasonic AL-N1 É̀É Rios Chandler
+Pentium É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁ̃Á× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.11. <a href="#Q4.2.11.">ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ CMD640 IDE ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ É ÏÎ ÎÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.12. <a href="#Q4.2.12.">đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÎÁ ÎÏƠÔÂƠËÅ Compaq Aero, Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.13. <a href="#Q4.2.13.">đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ Dell Poweredge XE, RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ Dell
+DSA (Dell SCSI Array) ÎÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔÓÑ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.14. <a href="#Q4.2.14.">ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ IBM EtherJet PCI ËÁ̉ÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span>, ÎÏ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ËÁ̉ÔÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÖÉÇÁÀÔÓÑ É
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÎÅÔ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.15. <a href="#Q4.2.15.">ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÀ ÓÅÔØ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ IBM
+Netfinity 3500, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ.</a></dt>
+
+<dt>4.2.16. <a href="#Q4.2.16.">ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË, ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Mylex
+PCI RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÏÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ <tt
+class="LITERAL">read error</tt>).</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.1." name="Q4.2.1."></a><b>4.2.1.</b> íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ Đ̉É
+ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ÓỔÁÎÎÏ ×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÅÂÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, É̀É ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ ÎÅ
+ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD 5.0 É ×ÙÛÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓ ACPI Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ i386 Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. ë
+ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å ACPI, ÍÁÔÅ̉ÉÎÓËÉÈ Đ̀ÁÔÁÈ É BIOS ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÏÛÉÂËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ACPI ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
+``hint.acpi.0.disabled'' ÎÁ ỔÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÓẨÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ <tt
+class="LITERAL">hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</tt> × ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËƠ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.2." name="Q4.2.2."></a><b>4.2.2.</b> ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀Ñ×ÛÅÅÓÑ ×
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÅ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ. ₫ÔÏ Ó̀ỠÉ̀ÏÓØ?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË matcd, ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ É̀É ĐÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ Đ̉É̃ÉÎÁÍ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ, ÎÏ ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÙ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Đ̉É ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×. ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×
+ĐÏĐÁÄÁÀÔ × ÜÔƠ ËÁÔÅÇÏ̉ÉÀ É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÎÏ×Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ỔÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ: aha,
+ahv, aic, bt, ed, cs, sn, ie, fe, le, É lnc. ä̀Ñ ÉÈ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÑ 10-ÔÉ ÓÅËƠÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÓ̃ÅÔÁ É ××ÅÄÉÔÅ × Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+unset hint.foo.0.disabled
+</pre>
+
+<p>ÇÄÅ <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>foo</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+×Ë̀À̃ÉÔØ. üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ĐƠÔÅÍ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt> É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ
+``disabled''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.3." name="Q4.2.3."></a><b>4.2.3.</b> đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ñ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÀÓØ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÑÄ̉Ï ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÔÓÑ É ÔÅÓÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÉÄÁ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root
+</pre>
+
+<p>₫ÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË? ₫ÔÏ Ñ ÍÏÇƠ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ?</p>
+
+<p>₫ÔÏ ÚÁ ÓỔÏËÁ <tt
+class="LITERAL">bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</tt>, ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀƯÁÑÓÑ × boot
+help?</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÄÁ×ÎÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ, ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀƯÁÑ ÅÓ̀É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÎÅ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÅ̉×ÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. BIOS ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÈÅÍƠ ÎƠÍÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀƯƠÀÓÑ ÏÔ ÎƠÍÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ
+× FreeBSD, É Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÅ ÓÏĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï× -- Ó̀ÏÖÎÁÑ ÚÁÄÁ̃Á.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ó̀ỠÁÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, FreeBSD ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ĐÏÍÏƯØ ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÇÏ. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ä×Å ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÉ, É × ÏÂÅÉÈ ×ÁÍ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂƯÉÔØ FreeBSD ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ. óÄÅ̀ÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ,
+ƠËÁÚÁ× ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ × BIOS, ÔÉĐ ÄÉÓËÁ É ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ × FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÉ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ Ä×Á IDE ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ ËÁË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÎÁ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÛÉÎÅ
+IDE, É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎƠÖÎÏ ÓÏ ×ÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ. BIOS ×ÉÄÉÔ ÉÈ ËÁË ÄÉÓË 0 É ÄÉÓË 1, Á
+FreeBSD ×ÉÄÉÔ ÉÈ ËÁË <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad0</tt> <tt class="DEVICENAME">ad2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ 1 ĐÏ ÎƠÍÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ BIOS, ÔÉĐ <tt class="LITERAL">ad</tt> É
+FreeBSD ÎƠÍÅ̉ÁĂÉÑ ÄÉÓËÁ 2, ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">1:ad(2,a)kernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÛÉÎÅ ÅÓÔØ ×ÔÏ̉É̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË, ×ÙÛÅĐ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉
+ÎÅ ÎƠÖÅÎ (É ÎÅ×Å̉ÅÎ).</p>
+
+<p>÷ÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ ÓÏ SCSI ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ É̀É
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ IDE ÄÉÓËÏ×. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ × FreeBSD ÍÅÎØÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ × BIOS.
+åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á IDE ÄÉÓËÁ É SCSI ÄÉÓË, × BIOS ÄÉÓË SCSI ÂƠÄÅÔ ĐÏÄ ÎÏÍÅ̉ÏÍ Ä×Á;
+ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ <tt class="LITERAL">da</tt> É FreeBSD ÎÏÍÅ̉ ÄÉÓËÁ 0, Ô.Å.:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">2:da(0,a)kernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÏÂƯÉÔØ FreeBSD, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ BIOS ÎÏÍÅ̉ 2, Ñ×̀ÑÀƯÉÍÓÑ
+ĐÅ̉×ÙÍ SCSI ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ IDE ÄÉÓË, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+``1:''.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀É̀É ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ, ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÜÔÉ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÎÁÂÉ̉Á̀ÉÓØ, × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/boot.config</tt>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉. åÓ̀É ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÊ, FreeBSD
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ <tt
+class="LITERAL">boot:</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.4." name="Q4.2.4."></a><b>4.2.4.</b> ñ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÀ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ
+ÄÉÓËÁ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ÎÏ Boot Manager ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÔ × ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="LITERAL">F?</tt> É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÑ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ × Partition editor ÂÙ̀Á ×ÙẨÁÎÁ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. ÷Å̉ÎÉÔÅÓØ × Partition editor É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎƠÀ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÀ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.
+÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD ÅƯÅ ̉ÁÚ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎƠÀ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÀ, ×ÏÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚËÁ: ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÏÊ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ DOS × ÎÁ̃Á̀Å ÄÉÓËÁ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ FreeBSD ĐÏÓ̀Å ÎÅÇÏ. đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ơ×ÉÄÉÔ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ DOS É ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎƠÀ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÀ ÉÚ ÎÅÇÏ, ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ:</p>
+
+<a id="AEN897" name="AEN897"></a>
+<blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE">
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ FreeBSD É̀É ̉ÁÂÏ̃ƠÀ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÀ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×ÁÍ (×
+ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ) ÎÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó DOS, Linux É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ×Ù
+ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ (``A'' × ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉Å
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×), ÜÔÏ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ, ËÏÇÄÁ FreeBSD ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË, ÏÔ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ
+ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÄÏ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÅËÔÏ̉Á. ÷ÓÅ ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ Ï ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ÎÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÏ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÉ ÏÄÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÁÑ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.5." name="Q4.2.5."></a><b>4.2.5.</b> ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <span
+class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mcd</span>(4)</span> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁÛÅ̀
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï É ÍÅÛÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ ËÁ̉ÔÙ Intel EtherExpress.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ``hint.mcd.0.disabled="1"'' É ``hint.mcd.1.disabled="1"''
+ÎÁ ỔÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× <tt
+class="DEVICENAME">mcd0</tt> É <tt class="DEVICENAME">mcd1</tt>. ÷ÏÏÂƯÅ ÇÏ×Ï̉Ñ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÔÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.6." name="Q4.2.6."></a><b>4.2.6.</b> óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ËÁ̉ÔƠ <span
+class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span> ÎÏ Ñ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÀ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ device timeout.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ËÁ̉ÔÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÎÁ ÔÏÍ IRQ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÏ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/device.hints</tt>. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ed ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ
+``Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎƠÀ'' ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÀ (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ, ××ÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ EZSETUP × DOS), ÎÏ ÏÎ ÂƠÄÅÔ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎƠÀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËƠ, ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠËÁÖÅÔÅ <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt> × ÈÉÎÔÁÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ.</p>
+
+<p>é̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÙ̃ËƠ ÎÁ ËÁ̉ÔÅ Ä̀Ñ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË (ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ
+ÑÄ̉Á ÅÓ̀É ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ), É̀É ÚÁÄÁÊÔÅ IRQ <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt> ĐƠÔÅÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+``hint.ed.0.irq="-1"''. üÔÏ ƠËÁÖÅÔ ÑÄ̉Ơ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎƠÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ×ÁÛÁ ËÁ̉ÔÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ IRQ 9, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ó IRQ 2, ̃ÔÏ
+̃ÁÓÔÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ (ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ VGA ËÁ̉ÔÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ IRQ 2!). ÷Ù ÎÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ IRQ 2 É̀É 9 ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.7." name="Q4.2.7."></a><b>4.2.7.</b> ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉ̀ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ
+̀ÜĐÔÏĐ IBM ThinkPad (tm) É Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÁ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>óÔÁ̉ÙÅ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÙ IBM ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ ×Ù
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÓÏÏÂƯÉÔØ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ơ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÙ (atkbd0) ĐÅ̉ÅÊÔÉ × ÓĐÅĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÉÊ ÎÁ
+ThinkPad. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.atkbd.0.flags="4"'' É ×ÓÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÚÁ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.8." name="Q4.2.8."></a><b>4.2.8.</b> íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁ̉ÔƠ
+Intel EtherExpress 16.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔØ ËÁ̉ÔƠ Intel EtherExpress 16 ÎÁ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ × ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ó
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ 0xD0000, É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÏÂßÅÍ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÁÅÍÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ × 32K ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Intel
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ <tt class="FILENAME">softset.exe</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.9." name="Q4.2.9."></a><b>4.2.9.</b> đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ EISA HP Netserver,
+×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÊ SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ AIC-7xxx ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ, ÏÎÁ ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ × ÂƠÄƠƯÅÍ. ä̀Ñ ÔÏÇÏ,
+̃ÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hw.eisa_slots="12"'' ÎÁ ỔÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.10." name="Q4.2.10."></a><b>4.2.10.</b> ơ ÍÅÎÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Panasonic AL-N1
+É̀É Rios Chandler Pentium É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁ̃Á× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>÷ÁÛ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ ÎÅ ĐÏÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ËÏÄ <tt class="LITERAL">i586_copyout</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">i586_copyin</tt>. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.npx.0.flags="1"''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.11." name="Q4.2.11."></a><b>4.2.11.</b> ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ CMD640 IDE ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉
+É ÏÎ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.12." name="Q4.2.12."></a><b>4.2.12.</b> đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÎÁ ÎÏƠÔÂƠËÅ
+Compaq Aero, Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÀ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>Compaq ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÁÎÏÎÓÉ̉ƠÀÔ ÇÉÂËÉÊ ÄÉÓË ×
+CMOS RAM ÎÏƠÔÂƠËÁ Aero. ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÁ Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅÔ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÙÈ
+ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÏ×. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÈÉÎÔ ``hint.fdc.0.flags="1"''. üÔÏ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÁÅÔ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ơ Ï
+ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄÁ (ËÁË 1.44 MB ÄÉÓË) ÂÅÚ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ Ë CMOS.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.13." name="Q4.2.13."></a><b>4.2.13.</b> đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ Dell Poweredge
+XE, RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ Dell DSA (Dell SCSI Array) ÎÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>îÁÓỔÏÊÔÅ DSA Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ AHA-1540 ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ EISA.
+đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ FreeBSD ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉÔ DSA ËÁË Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ Ó irq 11 É ĐÏ̉ÔÏÍ
+340. ÷ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ ÜÍỜÑĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ DSA RAID ÄÉÓËÉ, ÎÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÈÁ̉ÁËÔÅ̉ÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ DSA, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÁẦÀÄÅÎÉÅ ÚÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ RAID.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.14." name="Q4.2.14."></a><b>4.2.14.</b> ơ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ IBM EtherJet PCI
+ËÁ̉ÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span>, ÎÏ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ËÁ̉ÔÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÖÉÇÁÀÔÓÑ É
+ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÎÅÔ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>íÙ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÍ ĐÏ̃ÅÍƠ ÜÔÏ Ó̀ỠÁÅÔÓÑ. IBM ÔÏÖÅ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ (ÍÙ ÓĐ̉ÁÛÉ×Á̀É ÉÈ). üÔÁ
+ËÁ̉ÔÁ -- ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÁÑ Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 Ó ÎÁË̀ÅÊËÏÊ IBM, É ÜÔÉ ËÁ̉ÔÙ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ơ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÉÍĐÔÏÍÙ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ IBM Netfinity
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ. åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.15." name="Q4.2.15."></a><b>4.2.15.</b> ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÎÁÓỔÁÉ×ÁÀ ÓÅÔØ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ IBM Netfinity 3500, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>üÔÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÙÍ Ethernet × Netfinity 3500, ËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÍ ̉ÅÛÉÔØ
+ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ. ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÅ SMP × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ÷ÁÍ
+ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ Ethernet ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁÔÉÔØ ̀ÀÂÙÅ ĐÏĐÙÔËÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ
+×ÓỔÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁĐÔÅ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="QANDAENTRY">
+<div class="QUESTION">
+<p><a id="Q4.2.16." name="Q4.2.16."></a><b>4.2.16.</b> ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓË, ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Mylex PCI RAID ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉ÏÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ó
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅÍ <tt class="LITERAL">read error</tt>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ANSWER">
+<p><b></b>üÔÏ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å Mylex, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × BIOS
+̉ÅÖÉÍÁ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ``8GB''. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ̉ÅÖÉÍ 2GB.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-ia64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-ia64.html
new file mode 100644
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+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/ia64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/ia64 5.4-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN209" name="AEN209">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
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+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN248" name="AEN248">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <tt
+class="LITERAL">FTP</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN280" name="AEN280">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN345" name="AEN345">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN370" name="AEN370">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN376" name="AEN376">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <code class="OPTION">link0</code> ×
+ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
+Ó ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN387" name="AEN387">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN397" name="AEN397">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</tt>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN414" name="AEN414">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ia64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN466" name="AEN466">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+IA-64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>ôÅ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍỜØÔÉÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á, ÎÏ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ ÔÁÍ
+ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ-Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ
+``live filesystem''. ïÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Đ̉É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÉ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD (ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a> ÚÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
+
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ (ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ
+ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ. îÅÓ̀ÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ 1.44í ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÓØ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>), É
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM, FTP, É̀É NFS. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
+Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
+̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ
+(ÆÁỀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN695" name="AEN695">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN699" name="AEN699">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN773" name="AEN773">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN776" name="AEN776">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN779" name="AEN779">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">base</tt>, É <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ƠÖÅ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN794" name="AEN794">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' × Ç̀Á×ÎÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïĐĂÉÑ ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+FreeBSD; ÜÔÁ ÏĐĂÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+FreeBSD. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̀ÉÂÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ, ËÁË É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
+É̀É ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó ``live filesystem''. ÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÁÈ FreeBSD, ÏẨÁÚ live
+filesystem ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ̉ÅÖÉÍ fixit. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĐƠÎËÔÏÍ
+``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ÎƠÖÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÏĐĂÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ ``CDROM/DVD''.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÛÁÇÏ×. ÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ
+<tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ ĐÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Floppy'' É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ É ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÈÏÖÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉ̃ÎÙ. ÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÁÑ ÓỔÏËÁ Ó ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ÷Å̉ÓÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ live
+filesystem ×ÅÓØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD. îÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ ÏÂßÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt>, É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. ÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÔÅ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÉÚ live filesystem, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN839" name="AEN839">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ IA-64</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-pc98.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-pc98.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c5e5486c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-pc98.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/pc98 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/pc98
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/pc98 5.4-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ NEC PC-98x1 Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ 486 Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ É̀É ×ÙÛÅ (ÈÏÔÑ
+Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÑÄ̉ÏÍ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÁÈ 386), ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 24 ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ. ÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ 150MB Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ
+Ä̀Ñ ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÉÖÅ ÄÁÎÁ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ỞÅÚÁÎÉÀ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ỔÅÈ) Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Ë̉ÁÔËÏ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË
+ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ CDROM É̀É ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ÏÂƯÅÍ
+Ó̀ỠÁÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD Ó CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÅÍ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ
+ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏĐƠƯÅÎ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM É̀É ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ
+<tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> (Ä̀Ñ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ) É̀É <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot-small.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern-small.flp</tt> (Ä̀Ñ
+1.2MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ. úÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/boot.flp</tt> É ×ÓÅ
+<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>release</i></tt><tt class="FILENAME">/floppies/kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> Ó <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀, ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å
+<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á É̀É, É̀É ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ <a
+href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÉÓÔÙÈ, ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃ÔÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ É ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏẨÁÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ, Á <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ. üÔÉ ÏẨÁÚÙ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> DOS ÆÁỀÙ. ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ
+ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS É̀É UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ×
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <tt class="FILENAME">rawrite.exe</tt> ĐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÎÁ CDROM É̀É ÎÁ FTP ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ÁÈ FreeBSD) É̀É Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dd&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dd</span>(1)</span></a> × UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏẨÁÚÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËƠÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">A&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rawrite</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É <tt class="FILENAME">rawrite.exe</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> × ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ. ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂƠÄƠÔ
+ÁÎÁ̀ÏÇÉ̃ÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å UNIX, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1440</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>É̀É</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=floppies/boot-small.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1200</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀƯÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ UNIX
+ĐÏ-̉ÁÚÎÏÍƠ ÉÍÅÎƠÀÔ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó CDROM. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM É
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ CD FreeBSD, ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ.
+1.3</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ĐÏÄ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. úÁÔÅÍ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏ̉Å ÎÁ̃ÎÅÔÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ PPP,
+SLIP É̀É ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. îÁ̃ÎÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/boot.flp</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">floppies/mfsroot.flp</tt>, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ × <a
+href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>. đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, ÄÉÓË <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern.flp</tt>; ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ.
+đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#FTPNFS">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.5.5</a> Ó ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É NFS.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN209" name="AEN209">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN248" name="AEN248">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <tt
+class="LITERAL">FTP</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN280" name="AEN280">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN320" name="AEN320">1.5.3. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS</a></h4>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">A:\&#62;</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">MD A:\FREEBSD</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">A:\&#62;</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">XCOPY /S E:\BASE A:\FREEBSD\BASE</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁ <tt class="DEVICENAME">E:</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎ CD.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á DOS (É Ä̀Ñ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt
+class="FILENAME">A:\FREEBSD</tt> -- ÍÉÎÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÜÔÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">BIN</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×Á̀É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ É
+×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``DOS'' × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ ËÏÇÄÁ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔ ×̉ÅÍÑ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN345" name="AEN345">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN370" name="AEN370">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN376" name="AEN376">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <code class="OPTION">link0</code> ×
+ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
+Ó ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN387" name="AEN387">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN397" name="AEN397">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</tt>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN414" name="AEN414">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/pc98/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN466" name="AEN466">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+NEC PC-98x1</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>ôÅ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍỜØÔÉÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á, ÎÏ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ ÔÁÍ
+ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ-Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ
+``live filesystem''. ïÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Đ̉É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÉ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD (ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a> ÚÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
+
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ (ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ
+ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ. îÅÓ̀ÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ 1.44í ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÓØ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>), É
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM, FTP, É̀É NFS. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
+Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
+̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ
+(ÆÁỀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN695" name="AEN695">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN699" name="AEN699">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN773" name="AEN773">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN776" name="AEN776">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN779" name="AEN779">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">base</tt>, É <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ƠÖÅ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN794" name="AEN794">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' × Ç̀Á×ÎÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïĐĂÉÑ ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+FreeBSD; ÜÔÁ ÏĐĂÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+FreeBSD. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̀ÉÂÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ, ËÁË É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
+É̀É ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó ``live filesystem''. ÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÁÈ FreeBSD, ÏẨÁÚ live
+filesystem ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ̉ÅÖÉÍ fixit. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĐƠÎËÔÏÍ
+``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ÎƠÖÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÏĐĂÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ ``CDROM/DVD''.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÛÁÇÏ×. ÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ
+<tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ ĐÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Floppy'' É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ É ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÈÏÖÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉ̃ÎÙ. ÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÁÑ ÓỔÏËÁ Ó ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ÷Å̉ÓÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ live
+filesystem ×ÅÓØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD. îÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ ÏÂßÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt>, É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. ÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÔÅ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÉÚ live filesystem, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN839" name="AEN839">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ NEC PC-98x1</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d409b20cd
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+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/installation-sparc64.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/sparc64 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD/sparc64 5.4-RELEASE, ÏÓÏÂÏÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ É ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ
+ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE É ÎÁ̃Á̀Ơ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ç̀Á×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/install.html"
+target="_top">``ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a> Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÀ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó É̀̀ÀÓỔÁĂÉÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ FreeBSD, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <a href="#UPGRADING">̣ÁÚÄ.
+3</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1. đÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
+Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó FreeBSD. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ; ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ×
+(ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÓĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïÎ-̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/"
+target="_top">FAQ</a> É <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">Handbook</a> ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/"
+target="_top">×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</a>, ÅÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÑ, ĐÏỔÁ̃ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ,
+ÏËƠĐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ. ïÚÎÁËÏÍ̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø × Ó̀ỠÁÅ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÖÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅƠÄÁ̃Å, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÔÏ̀ËÎỜÉÓØ Ó
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+̉ÅÛÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ ÆÁỀÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ ÚÁ ×̉ÅÍÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> èÏÔÑ FreeBSD ƠÄÅ̀ÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÄÉÓËÅ</i></span> Đ̉É ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. îÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÍƠ ÍÅÎÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+FreeBSD ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̉, ĐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÏ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN37" name="AEN37">1.2. ổÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÍƠ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÀ</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ UltraSPARC ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD/sparc64. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ ÆÁỀ
+<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>; × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍƠ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3. éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+FreeBSD Ó CDROM É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÉÓÔÅÍ sparc64 ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ. ä̀Ñ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ ÉÚ ÓÅÔÉ É̀É Ó CDROM, ̃ÔÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÁ ×
+PROM (OpenFirmware).</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÜÔÏÇÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ É ÖÄÉÔÅ ĐÏÑ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ. ïÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É, ÎÏ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÅÔØ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
+Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
+Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÅÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÖÁÔØ <b
+class="KEYCAP">L1</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b> É̀É <b class="KEYCAP">Stop</b>+<b
+class="KEYCAP">A</b> ÎÁ Ë̀Á×ÉÁÔỞÅ, É̀É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ <tt class="COMMAND">BREAK</tt> ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏÎÓÏ̀Ø (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <tt class="COMMAND">~#</tt> × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> É̀É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ PROM. ïÎÏ ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">ok    </samp>     <a id="PROMPT-SINGLE"
+name="PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a>
+<samp class="PROMPT">ok {0}</samp>     <a id="PROMPT-SMP"
+name="PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a>
+</pre>
+
+<div class="CALLOUTLIST">
+<dl compact="COMPACT">
+<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a></dt>
+
+<dd>üÔÏ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ CPU.</dd>
+
+<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a></dt>
+
+<dd>üÔÏ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ SMP, ĂÉÆ̉Á ĐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+CPU.</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ CDROM × Đ̉É×ÏÄ É ÉÚ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ PROM ÎÁÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">boot cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN209" name="AEN209">1.5. äÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÔÉĐÁÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ÜË̉ÁÎ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍƠ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂƯÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ``Usage'' ÉÚ ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÓỔÅÔÉ̀ÉÓØ Ó ÚÁỔƠÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ Ë̀Á×ÉÛƠ <b
+class="KEYCAP">F1</b> Ä̀Ñ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍƠ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, É̀É ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É,
+̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÍÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ``Standard'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ĐƠÎËÔÏ× ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏ̉ÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏÍ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD É <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̃ÎÏ</i></span> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,
+̃ÔÏ ÎƠÖÎÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ``Express'' É̀É ``Custom''. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔÅ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ``Upgrade''.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ,
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× DOS, NFS, UFS, ̀ÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN248" name="AEN248">1.5.1. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="#START-INSTALLATION">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.4</a>. åÓ̀É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ Đ̉É×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù
+ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ
+Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ: ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ × ÆÁỀ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ×Ù Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ, ĐÅ̉ÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÔÉĐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ <tt
+class="LITERAL">FTP</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÂÏ̉Á ``URL'' × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔ ̀ÀÂÏÍƠ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (É̀É ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ) ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+``ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ'' FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅ̀ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS Ä̀Ñ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁĐÉÓØ × ÆÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> (ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Đ̉É×ÏÄ CDROM). đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÉÖÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ <tt
+class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ CDROM ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+</pre>
+
+<p>ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó CDROM ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, É ÅÓ̀É
+×Ù ÎÅ Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, NFS ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ̀ỠÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏ̉ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÓ, ĐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÔÅ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> É ÎÅ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ. đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ̃ÁÓÔØ Đ̉ÏÛ̀Á ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
+<tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt> ×
+ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ĐƠÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN280" name="AEN280">1.5.2. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</a></h4>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, É̀É ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÎÅĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É̀É ĐÏÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÁÍ Î̉Á×ÉÔÓÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>óÎÁ̃Á̀Á ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a href="#LAYOUT">̣ÁÚÄ. 2</a> É ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ``Distribution Format'', ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Đ̉ÏĐƠÓÔÉÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍƠÍ, ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ
+×ÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution).
+åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ</i></span> ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
+<tt class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt>. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ Windows, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+format ÉÚ Windows File Manager.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ƠÖÅ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ƠÄÏÂÎÏ,
+ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÁ̀É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÓÔÁ̀É Đ̉É̃ÉÎÏÊ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ. đÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+Ơ×Å̉ÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å Ó FreeBSD, ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> É
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏÉ̀̀ÀÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÏ × Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ Ä̀Ñ DOS É̀É UFS, ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁỀÙ.
+æÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ĐÏÍÅƯÁ̀ÓÑ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁỀ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ, Ô.Å.: <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt>, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ
+× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span> ĐÏÍÅƯÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Á.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜË̉ÁÎ Media, ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ``Floppy'' É
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN345" name="AEN345">1.5.4. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ̀ÅÎÔÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ̀ÅÎÔÙ, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó
+ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ĐÏÜÔÏÍƠ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎƠÖÎÙ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ <tt
+class="COMMAND">tar</tt> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ) Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ</i></span> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ̀ÅÎÔÙ. ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ Ë ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ̀ÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ È̉ÁÎÉ̀ÉƯÅ. ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×, ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̀ÅÎÔƠ.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̀ÅÎÔÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÁ × Đ̉É×ÏÄ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ. éÎÁ̃Å Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>ôÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a> É
+Đ̉ÉÓÔƠĐÁÊÔÅ Ë ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5. ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP É̀É
+NFS</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØ
+ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ 3 ÔÉĐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô, ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ
+ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É Ethernet.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN370" name="AEN370">1.5.5.1. đÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ,
+ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅ̀Ø ÍÅÖÄƠ Ä×ƠÍÑ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ÁÍÉ. óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
+ĐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ. åÓ̀É ×ÁÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ĐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍƠ É̀É ÉÎÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ PPP.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ Ơ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS,
+ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ̉ÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ PPP ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÜÔƠ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á, ÅÓ̀É
+ÏÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÁËƠÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ``AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ'' ×ÁÛÅÊ
+ÍÏÄÅ̀É ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ï̃ÅÎØ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ
+ÜÍỜÑÔÏ̉ ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁ̀Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN376" name="AEN376">1.5.5.2. đÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô</a></h5>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÅ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ơ FreeBSD É̀É Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉Ï×ÅÓÔÉ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ``laplink'' ËÁÂÅ̀Ø. óËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÁ̉Á̀̀Å̀ØÎÙÊ ĐÏ̉Ô ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ
+̀ÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ``ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ'' IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉É PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ RFC 1918 Ä̀Ñ ËÏÎĂÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, É Ô.Ä.).</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó FreeBSD × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å
+ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ PLIP, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <code class="OPTION">link0</code> ×
+ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ĐÏ̀Å ``extra options for ifconfig'', Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
+Ó ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀ÏÍ Linux.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN387" name="AEN387">1.5.5.3. Ethernet</a></h5>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ethernet; ÔÁẦÉĂÁ
+ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁ̉Ô Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ É̀É ×
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÍ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ CDROM). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ ÏÄÎƠ ÉÚ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ PCMCIA Ethernet
+ËÁ̉Ô, ƠÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÁ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ</i></span> ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ ̀ÜĐÔÏĐÁ. ë ÓÏÖÁ̀ÅÎÉÀ, FreeBSD ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁ̉Ô ``ÎÁ ÈÏÄƠ'' ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÅÔÅ×ƠÀ ÍÁÓËƠ Ä̀Ñ ×ÁÛÅÊ ĐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É
+ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á. ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÄÏÊÄƠÔ Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÂƠÄÅÔÅ ÏẨÁƯÁÔØÓÑ Ë Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ĐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Û̀ÀÚÁ (ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ
+PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Á). åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP
+Đ̉ÏËÓÉ (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄ̉ÅÓ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̀ỠÛÅ ĐÏÇÏ×Ï̉ÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ĐÅ̉ÅÄ</i></span> ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÔÉĐÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉ̉ÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÏ× É̀É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÁÓË ×
+ÄÅÊÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÎÁ×Å̉ÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ Đ̉ÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓ̀ƠÛÁÔØ
+̀ÅËĂÉÀ ÏÔ ̉ÁÓÓÅ̉ÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓỔÏÉ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ÔÉĐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÅÎÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS É̀É FTP.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN397" name="AEN397">1.5.5.4. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+NFS</a></h5>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×Ï̀ØÎÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏĐÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD
+ËƠÄÁ-̀ÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ É ƠËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ Đ̉É ×ÙÂÏ̉Å NFS ÔÉĐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ``Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ'' (ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ
+ÜÔÏ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ ÓÔÁÎĂÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏỔÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁ̉ÔÁ Đ̀ÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÊ Æ̀ÁÇ × Options.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ NFS, ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ``subdir mounts'', Ô.Å. ÅÓ̀É
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt>
+ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÔØ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, Á ÎÅ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÆÁỀÅ FreeBSD <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> ÜÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code>. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á NFS ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ
+ÓÏÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓ̀É ×Ù ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">Permission
+Denied</tt>, ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN414" name="AEN414">1.5.5.5. óÏ×ÅÔÙ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+FTP</a></h5>
+
+<p>FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖƠÀ
+×Å̉ÓÉÀ FreeBSD. đÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ĐÏ̃ÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ̉ÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉ̉Á,
+ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ FTP.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË, É̀É ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á
+``URL'' × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ. URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ É̀É IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ÔÁË ̃ÔÏ Đ̉É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á ÉÍÅÎ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL ×̉ÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/sparc64/4.2-RELEASE
+</pre>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ỔÉ ÔÉĐÁ FTP ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>FTP: üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÊ ``ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ï×, ÎÏ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ̀ỠÛÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. åÓ̀É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ
+ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÅÖÉÍ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP Passive: ơÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔ ``ĐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ'' ̉ÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ. üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÏỒÉ̃ÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉ÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FTP ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP Ä̀Ñ
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÊ. đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÂƠÄÅÔ ỔÁÎÓ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÙ É
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÔØ ÉÈ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ FTP. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À Đ̉ÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ẨÁÎÄÍÁƠÜ̉Ù,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP, ÎÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ HTTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ƠËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ Đ̉ÏËÓÉ × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ̉ÅÄËÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ̃Å̉ÅÚ HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ URL
+Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅ̉ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ FTP Đ̉ÏËÓÉ
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN466" name="AEN466">1.6. ÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ
+UltraSPARC</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2. óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á</a></h2>
+
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD ×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË (ÄÅÔÁ̀É ÍÏÇƠÔ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÔØÓÑ ×
+ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ, Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ, É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁËÔÏ̉Ï×):</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
+ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
+HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
+HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
+INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
+INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
+README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools
+</pre>
+
+<p>ôÅ ÖÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍỜØÔÉÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á, ÎÏ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ ÔÁÍ
+ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ-Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ. ä̀Ñ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ
+``live filesystem''. ïÎÁ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Đ̉É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÉ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD (ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <a href="#TROUBLE">̣ÁÚÄ. 4</a> ÚÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
+
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËƠ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ (ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ
+ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ. îÅÓ̀ÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ 1.44í ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á×ÛÉÓØ
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏÍ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> (ÓÍ. <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>), É
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM, FTP, É̀É NFS. ïÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
+Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÂƠÄƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ×ÙÂÏ̉Á. åÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
+̉ÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×Á̀É FreeBSD, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉Ï̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ
+(ÆÁỀ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ).</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ ÔÉĐÁ, É̀É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ƠÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÏÂ
+Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á, ×ÁÍ ĐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÉÖÅÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> É
+<tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>), ÉÈ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
+æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> ÜÔÏ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, Á ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> ÜÔÏ HTML ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÙ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ
+̀ÀÂÙÍ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÏÍ. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË PDF É̀É PostScript.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> ÜÔÏ ÆÁỀ Cascading Style Sheet (CSS),
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ×Å ẨÁƠÚÅ̉ÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ HTML ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD É ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ É ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÉÎÏ̃ÎÙÈ
+ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁÈ -- ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É
+ĐÏÚÖÅ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ;
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÉÈ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÁÎÁ × <a href="#FLOPPIES">̣ÁÚÄ. 1.3</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ëÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD. đÁËÅÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">packages</tt> Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
+class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>đÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ
+<tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÁË ̀ÀÂÏÊ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ É
+ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 190MB ÍÅÓÔÁ. äÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ
+Ó <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/</a> É̀É ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÉÚ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ DOS Ä̀Ñ
+ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÇÅÏÍÅỔÉÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ï× É Ô.Đ. üÔÉ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙ É Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>ôÉĐÉ̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>) ÉÚÎƠỔÉ
+×ÙÇ̀ÑÄÉÔ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
+info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree
+</pre>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÁ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÉÔØ ÎÅ ĐÏ×̉ÅÖÄÅÎ ̀É ÆÁỀ. ïÎ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÓÔÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á. æÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> ÜÔÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ƠĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ gzip tar ÆÁỀÁ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÅÎÏ ÔÁË:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÀÔÓÑ É ÉÚ×̀ÅËÁÀÔÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ̃ÉÓ̀Á ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉. đ̉É ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁỀ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ</i></span>
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ƠÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á!</p>
+
+<p>æÁỀ <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> ÜÔÏ ÅƯÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅ-ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÆÁỀ,
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ä̀Ñ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ. ïÎ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓƠÍÍÙ MD5 Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">̉ÁÓĐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ</i></span> ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ×
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">base</tt> ÜÔÏ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÉÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ ỔÏÑÎÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË ÎÁ ×ÁÛƠ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+info Ó CDROM ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> èÏÔÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄĐ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÍÅ̉Ù Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÔÅ̉É ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ĐÏÔÅ̉ÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ</i></span> ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ!
+đÏÖÁ̀ƠÊÓÔÁ, ÎÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÁÊÔÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÂÅÚ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÑ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁỀÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> úÄÅÓØ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍƠÀ Ó ÔÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÅÊ FreeBSD, ÄÏ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÏÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÜÔÏ ĐÏ̃ÔÉ ÇÁ̉ÁÎÔÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÁ × ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÅ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÓÏ×Å̉ÛÁÅÍÁÑ × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÊ
+ËÏĐÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÉÚ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÄÏ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. üÔÏ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> âÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÎÁ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ÷ FreeBSD 4-STABLE ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̉ÁÚ̉ƠÛÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÉÎ
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt>, ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ ÎÅĐ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÊ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ C++ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ (É̀É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉ƠÀÔÓÑ
+×ÏÏÂƯÅ).</p>
+
+<p>üÔÉ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈÓÑ Ó
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Ó×ÅÖÉÈ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN695" name="AEN695">3.1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÎÁ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù
+ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD. ïÎÁ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ É Ä̉ƠÇÏÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>áÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ÁÍ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀƯÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚỠÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN699" name="AEN699">3.1.1. ïÂÚÏ̉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ×Å̉È
+Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ. æÁỀÙ, Đ̉ÉÎÁÄ̀ÅÖÁƯÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÏÍƠ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ, ÎÅ ƠÄÁ̀ÑÀÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ĐƠÔÅÍ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×:</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
+
+<p>÷Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+ÅÓ̀É ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ×ÚÁÉÍÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙ, É ̀ỠÛÁÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ -- ÜÔÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ ÆÁỀÏ× ×
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ.</p>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÓÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+ÆÁỀÏ× ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt>. åÓ̀É × ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ ÂƠÄƠÔ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN773" name="AEN773">3.2. đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÔÁ̀É Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏỒÉ̃ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN776" name="AEN776">3.2.1. ̣ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>äÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÙ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ. èÏÔÑ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ̃ÁÓÔÉ̃ÎÏÅ
+É̀É ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠÎÉ̃ÔÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÎÁÓỔÏÅ̃ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN779" name="AEN779">3.2.2. íÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</a></h4>
+
+<p>úÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÓÏ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÉÍÅÀƯÉÈÓÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+đÅ̉ÅÄ ÎÁ̃Á̀ÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÉ ÔÏ̃ËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÙ ÚÄÅÓØ.
+<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÊÔÅ ``newfs flag''
+Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÏ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.3. ÷ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï×</a></h4>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÙÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ï× ÎÅ ÎÁË̀ÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ. ïÂƯÅÅ Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×
+ÔÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">base</tt>, É <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> ÅÓ̀É ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ƠÖÅ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏ̉Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏÚÖÅ, ÅÓ̀É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉ ÚÁÈÏ̃ÅÔ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4. đÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</a></h4>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ơ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ Đ̉Á×É̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÓỔÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ÷
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ ÆÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> É <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN794" name="AEN794">3.3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÍ É ``ÉÎÔÅ̀̀ÅËÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍ'' ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ,
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ Ç̀Á×Á ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
+target="_top">îÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÎÅÍ Ë̉ÁÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË</a>. üÔÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÎÁ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ
+ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×Á Đ̉É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÈ.
+üÔÏ ÔÁ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ -STABLE É̀É
+-CURRENT.</p>
+
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ×ÁÖÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏỔÁÖÅÎÙ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × FreeBSD, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4. ̣ÅÛÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1. ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' × Ç̀Á×ÎÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+ïĐĂÉÑ ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎƠÀ ÓỔÏËƠ, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+FreeBSD; ÜÔÁ ÏĐĂÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ É̀É ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
+FreeBSD. ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ×ÁÍ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ̀ÉÂÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÖÅ ÏẨÁÚÏÍ, ËÁË É ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ,
+É̀É ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓË Ó ``live filesystem''. ÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÁÈ FreeBSD, ÏẨÁÚ live
+filesystem ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ. ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ̉ÅÖÉÍÁ fixit ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÏĐÙÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+UNIX.</p>
+
+<p>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ̉ÅÖÉÍ fixit. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĐƠÎËÔÏÍ
+``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ÎƠÖÎÏ ×ÙẨÁÔØ ÏĐĂÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ ``CDROM/DVD''.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÛÁÇÏ×. ÷ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍ <tt
+class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">kern<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÍ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ
+<tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>, ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ̃ÔÏ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ. ó̀ÅÄƠÊÔÅ
+ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÑÍ ĐÏ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``fixit'' ÉÚ Ç̀Á×ÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+úÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÏĐĂÉÀ ``Floppy'' É ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt>,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ É ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ĐÏÈÏÖÉ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉ̃ÎÙ. ÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÁÑ ÓỔÏËÁ Ó ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ É ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ. ÷Å̉ÓÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ live
+filesystem ×ÅÓØ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD. îÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÊ ĐÏ ÏÂßÅÍƠ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt>, É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. ÷ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÎÁ
+ËÏÍĐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÔÅ ÖÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> É̀É <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÉÚ live filesystem, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÙ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN839" name="AEN839">4.2. đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÓÔÁ̀ËÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ UltraSPARC</a></h3>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
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+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(óÔÁ̉ÙÊ) đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
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+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</h1>
+
+    <p>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD ĐƠẦÉËƠÀÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
+      Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ FreeBSD ÓÉ̀ØÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ
+      ÏÔ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ.</p>
+
+    <p>éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ Ä̀Ñ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ
+      Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><a href="installation-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+      <li><a href="installation-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+      <li><a href="installation-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+      <li><a href="installation-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+      <li><a href="installation-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+      <li><a href="installation-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>óĐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÈÓÑ × ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ, ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎ
+      ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+      Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í</a>.</p>
+
+  </div>
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+  đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD. ÷ÓÅ Đ̉Á×Á ÚÁƯÉƯÅÎÙ.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
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+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/migration-guide.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/migration-guide.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..032dadedf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/migration-guide.html
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ ÎÁ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<div class="AUTHORGROUP"><a id="AEN4" name="AEN4"></a>
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</h3>
+</div>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/early-adopter/article.sgml,v
+1.5.2.4 2005/04/01 13:11:04 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>Apple, FireWire, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Quicktime É TrueType ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Apple
+Computer, Inc., ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ
+ÍÁ̉ËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ,
+É̀É ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Microsoft, FrontPage, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media É Windows
+NT ÜÔÏ É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ É̀É ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Microsoft Corporation ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É/É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN24" name="AEN24"></a>
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÏỒÉ̃ÉÑ ÍÅÖÄƠ FreeBSD 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ó ÔÏ̃ËÉ Ú̉ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É̀É
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Ï×, ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀƯÉÈ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ. ÷ ÎÅÊ ÄÁÎ Ë̉ÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏ̉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ
+ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÎÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, Đ̉É×ÙËÛÉÍ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÓÅ̉ÉÅÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÙ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ, ÔÁË É ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. âÏ̀ÅÅ ̉ÁÎÎÉÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ
+ÓÔÁÔØÉ ĐƠẦÉËÏ×Á̀ÉÓØ × Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. äÏ FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÜÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÎÁÚÙ×Á̀ÁÓØ
+``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD''.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÜÔÏ ÓÁÍÁÑ Ó×ÅÖÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ``FreeBSD-STABLE''. üÔÏÔ É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÙ ÓÅ̉ÉÉ 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÙ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×
+̉ÅÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁ̃ÁÈ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÁÑ ÓÅ̉ÉÑ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÁ ÓÔÁÔØÑ ÚÁỔÁÇÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÔÅÍÙ É ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÄÏ 5.4-RELEASE. ïÎÁ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ Ó Ë̉ÁÔËÏÇÏ ÏÂÚÏ̉Á
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ × ÓÅ̉ÉÉ FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. ÷
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À, É̀É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ. îÁËÏÎÅĂ, Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÄÏ FreeBSD
+5.4-RELEASE, ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÍƠ É̀É ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="RELEASE-OVERVIEW" name="RELEASE-OVERVIEW">2. ïÂÚÏ̉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ
+×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÍÏÄÅ̀Ø ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎƠÀ ÎÁ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ×
+̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ×ÅÔ×Ø ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ``CURRENT'', É × ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÉ CVS
+ÏÎÁ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÔÅÇ <tt class="LITERAL">HEAD</tt>. îÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÎÁ̃Á̀Á ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ × ÜÔƠ
+×ÅÔ×Ø; ÈÏÔÑ CURRENT ĐÅ̉×ÏÊ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØ, ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ, ̃ÔÏ ÏÎÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÓỔÁÄÁÅÔ ÏÔ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÅÎÉÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ Đ̉É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÉÉ É ÏỒÁÄËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.</p>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD ×ÙĐƠÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÏÄÎÏÊ É̀É ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ``STABLE''. ÷
+ÜÔÉ ×ÅÔ×É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ × CURRENT.
+đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ Ä×Á ÇÏÄÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÄÎÁ ×ÅÔ×Ø STABLE, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË ``4-STABLE'', ÎÁÈÏÄÉ̀ÁÓØ ×
+ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ, É ×ÓÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÙ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÂÙ̀É
+×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÎÅÅ. ÷ ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÉ CVS ÔÅÇ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É <tt class="LITERAL">RELENG_4</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ Ä×Å ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ØÎÙÅ ×ÅÔ×É (3-STABLE and 4-STABLE) ÂÙ̀É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÙÈ ̉ÁÎÎÉÈ
+ÓÔÁÄÉÑÈ ĂÉË̀Á ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ (Đ̉É ×ÙĐƠÓËÅ 3.1 É 4.0 ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ). üÔÁ Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÁ ÎÅ ÄÁÅÔ
+ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ CURRENT ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ. üÔÏ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë
+ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ ÎÁ ƠÓÉ̀ÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ ×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×ÏÏÂƯÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> Đ̉ÏÉÚÏÛ̀Ï ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÎÁ̃Å. FreeBSD
+5.0, 5.1, É 5.2 ÂÙ̀É ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ×ÅÔ×É CURRENT. đÅ̉×ÙÊ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× ÂÙ̀ ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+Ä×ƠÈ ̀ÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ (ÄÏ ÎÅÇÏ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ ÉÚ HEAD ÂÙ̀Á FreeBSD 4.0 × ÍÁ̉ÔÅ 2000
+ÇÏÄÁ).</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÏỒÉ̃ÉÅ ÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×ÅÔ×ÅÊ ``STABLE'', ×ÅÔ×Ø ``5-STABLE'' (Ó ÔÅÇÏÍ ×ÅÔ×É <tt
+class="LITERAL">RELENG_5</tt>) ÂÙ̀Á ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ × CVS ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ̃ÅÍ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÇÏÄ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÅ̉×ÏÇÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ, × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ĐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+5.3). üÔÁ ÚÁÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÄÁ̀Á ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÏ× ×̉ÅÍÑ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ÓÔÁÂÉ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÚÁ×Å̉ÛÅÎÉÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁÄ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍÉ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ, É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÈÏ̉ÏÛÅÊ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÍÉÍÏ ÏÂƯÉÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÊ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ Đ̉ÉÏ̉ÉÔÅÔ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ ×ÅÔ×É
+5-STABLE ÜÔÏ ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Application Binary Interface (ABI) É Application
+Program Interface (API). ́ÀÂÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÉÔØ ÏẨÁÔÎƠÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ
+(×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÙ ÑÄ̉Á É̀É ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË), ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔÓÑ É ÎÅ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ, ÚÁ
+ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ×, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ.</p>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ ÉÚ CURRENT ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÎÅÔ 6.0-RELEASE, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÉÚ CVS <tt
+class="LITERAL">HEAD</tt>. åƯÅ ÎÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ Ä̀Ñ 6.0, ÎÏ ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
+ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍÁÑ ÄÁÔÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ỔÅÔØÅÍ Ë×Á̉ÔÁ̀Å 2005 ÇÏÄÁ. ÷
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÍ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÔØ ×ÙĐƠÓË ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× ÉÚ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ×ÅÔ×É ËÁÖÄÙÅ ×ÏÓÅÍÎÁÄĂÁÔØ
+ÍÅÓÑĂÅ×, Đ̉É ÜÔÏÍ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁÑ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÙÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÙ ËÁÖÄÙÅ ̃ÅÔÙ̉Å ÍÅÓÑĂÁ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÍ ÚÁĐ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ 4-STABLE ÓÔÁ̀ 4.11-RELEASE,
+ÁÎÏÎÓ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑ̀ÓÑ × ÑÎ×Á̉Å 2005 ÇÏÄÁ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ
+×ÙĐƠÓË ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É 4-STABLE, É ×ÓÑ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÁÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÁ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ
+ÏÛÉÂÏË É Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ Ó ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ. ä̀Ñ ÏÓÏÂÏ ËÏÎÓÅ̉×ÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ
+ÓÍÙÓ̀ Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÉÔØ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÅƯÅ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÏÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ. ç̉ƠĐĐÁ ïÆÉĂÅ̉Ï× âÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.org">security-officer@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code>
+Đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÉÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ×ÅÔ×É 4-STABLE × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó
+ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉËÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/security/index.html" target="_top">ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a> ×Å ÓÁÊÔÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releng/index.html" target="_top">×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×</a> É × ÓÔÁÔØÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/releng/index.html"
+target="_top">``÷ÙĐƠÓË ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD''</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">3. îÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> Đ̉É×̀ÅËÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ÏẨÁÔÎÏ × ×ÅÔ×Ø ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD 4-STABLE (ÎÁĐ̉ÏÔÉ×, ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
+Á×ÔÏÎÏÍÎÙÈ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÎÏ×ÙÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Á ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× É̀É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ƠÖÅ ÂÙ̀É ĐÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ). ë̉ÁÔËÉÊ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÓ̃Å̉ĐÙ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>SMPng: ``îÏ×ÏÅ ĐÏËÏ̀ÅÎÉÅ'' ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Symmetric MultiProcessor (SMP) ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï×.
+đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ``fine-grained locking'' ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÑÄ̉Á Ä̀Ñ Ơ×Å̀É̃ÅÎÉÑ
+ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á ĐÏÔÏËÏ× ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÑÄ̉Å. ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï
+ƠÄÅ̀ÅÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÓÔÅËÁ É ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>KSE: Kernel Scheduled Entities ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ ÏÄÎÏÍƠ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓƠ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÔÏËÏ×
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ ÑÄ̉Á, ĐÏÄÏÂÎÏ Scheduler Activations. âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÉ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× <tt
+class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">libthr</tt> ÄÅ̀ÁÀÔ ÜÔÉ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍÉ ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÍ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ ̃Å̉ÅÚ API <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pthread&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pthread</span>(3)</span></a>. <tt
+class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÏÊ ĐÏÔÏËÏ× ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÏ×ÙÅ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ: đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ amd64, ia64, pc98 É sparc64 × ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë
+i386 É alpha. ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ powerpc (ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>(R) <span class="TRADEMARK">Macintosh</span>(R)) É
+arm, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GCC: îÁÂÏ̉ ÉÎÓỔƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉Á ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ 3.4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ GCC 2.95.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>MAC: đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÑÅÍÙÈ, ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÅÍÙÈ ĐÏ̀ÉÔÉË Mandatory Access Control
+(Đ̉ÉÎƠÄÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>GEOM: çÉÂËÁÑ, ÍÏÄỜØÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ỔÁÎÓÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÏ× ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË. üÔÁ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÈÓÑ Ë ÄÉÓËÁÍ É ÔÏÍÁÍ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË:
+ïĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï×, ÛÉÆ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gbde&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gbde</span>(4)</span></a>,
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ỞÏ×ÎÉ RAID, ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× (Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ggated&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ggated</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÍÉÓÑ Ë ÎÅÍƠ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁÍÉ), Á ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÏÚ̉Á̃ÎÏÅ ̉ÁÚÖÁÔÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×. óÉÓÔÅÍÁ geom_vinum
+ÄÏÂÁ×É̀Á ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó GEOM Ë ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅ̉Ơ ÔÏÍÏ× VINUM.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FFS: æÁỀÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ FFS ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a> (Ä̀Ñ
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÂÙÓỔÏÇÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÓÂÏÅ×) É ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÙ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UFS2: âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÊ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ UFS2, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ
+ÁỔÉÂƠÔÙ É ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÅ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Ù ÆÁỀÏ×. UFS2 ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>. îÁ
+×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÈ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ pc98, ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ UFS2 ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ: íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ×ĐÅ̉×ÙÅ ĐÏÑ×É̀ÉÓØ ×
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ TCP SACK (selective
+acknowledgements), ĐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉ̀ØỔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a> ÉÚ OpenBSD, É
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ĐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ ALTQ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ: đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË
+Cardbus, Bluetooth É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× IEEE 802.11a/b/g, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ̃ÉĐÓÅÔÁÈ
+Atheros. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ i386, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÎÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ Ñ×ÎÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍÉ FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï×
+Ä̀Ñ <span class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>(R) <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R) É ỞÏ×ÎÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> ÏÔ
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏ̀ÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ
+FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="DRAWBACKS" name="DRAWBACKS">4. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ</a></h2>
+
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÚÁÓ̀ƠÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ ƠĐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÑ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÉ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ
+ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, É̀É ÎÁ̉ƠÛÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ. èÏÔÑ ÜÔÉ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÅ Đ̉É×ÅÄƠÔ Ë ĐÏÔÅ̉Å ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÓÔÁÔØ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ,
+ËÔÏ Ë ÎÉÍ ÎÅ ÇÏÔÏ×. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÂÙ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÎÅÓÅÎÙ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÀ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD, ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÉÈ Đ̉ÏƯÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ × ÜÔÏÊ ÆÏ̉ÍÅ, É̀É
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÉ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅ̀Å ÎÅ Ñ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. îÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ
+ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÎÏÓÁ ÜÔÏ <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> (ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÊ ÉÚ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÏ̉Ô <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>), ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÄÅ̀Á̀Ï
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÔÉ̃ÎÙÍ. ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ <b
+class="APPLICATION">Perl</b>, ÂÙ̀É É̀É ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÎÙ É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ (ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÉ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ
+ÎƠÖÎÙ).</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ <b class="APPLICATION">UUCP</b> (ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÊ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×
+ËÁË <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/net/freebsd-uucp/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">net/freebsd-uucp</tt></a>), ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ <tt class="COMMAND">doscmd</tt> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/emulators/doscmd/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">emulators/doscmd</tt></a>), É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ỔÁÄÉĂÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÉÇ̉ (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/games/freebsd-games/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">games/freebsd-games</tt></a>).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÓỔƠËÔỞÁÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÑÄ̉Á É ABI/API ÏÚÎÁ̃ÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ
+ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ× Ä̀Ñ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÊ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ×
+FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ (̉ÅÄËÉÈ) Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ
+×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÓỔƠËÔỞÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ̃ÔÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ É̀É
+ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×. ëÁË É Ó ÓÅ̉ÉÅÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ĂÅ̀ØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÄÏĐƠƯÅÎÉÅ
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÂƠÄƠƯÉÅ ̉Å̀ÉÚÙ ×ÅÔ×É 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏË ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÁ ÓÏ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ
+ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD Đ̉É×Å̀Ï Ë ƠÔÅ̉Å ÉÈ ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ. üÔÉ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ.
+îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÔÁË Ó̀ỠÉ̀ÏÓØ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt>, <a
+id="AEN160" name="AEN160" href="#FTN.AEN160"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a>
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÏÊ ÓÅÔÅÊ XNS É Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÏÍ X-10. íÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×
+ÓÔÁ̀É ÎÅ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙ É ÂÙ̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÙ. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ
+Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷ FreeBSD/i386 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ISA ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×
+×ÎÏÓÉ̀ÁÓØ × ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÀ ÑÄ̉Á. åÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÁËÔÉ×ÎƠÀ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔƠ <b class="APPLICATION">UserConfig</b>. ÷ FreeBSD 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÏÂÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ ÂÙ̀É ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÙ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=device.hints&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">device.hints</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÎÅÎƠÖÎÙÍ ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ISA × ÑÄ̉Å. îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ISA
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÍÅÎÀ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ××ÏÄÑÔÓÑ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ × Đ̉ÉÇ̀ÁÛÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">MAKEDEV</tt> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ É ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ. FreeBSD 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ÆÁỀÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ
+Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁỀÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ĐÏ ÍÅ̉Å ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ. îÁÓỔÏÊËÁ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(8)</span></a> É̀É
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/devfs.conf</tt>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>UFS2 ÓÔÁ̀ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÏÍ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ó
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>. ä̀Ñ
+×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ pc98 ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ,
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÜË̉ÁÎÁ ̉ÁÚÍÅÔËÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ UFS1 (É ÎÅ
+̉ÁÓĐÏÚÎÁÅÔ UFS2), ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ É ÉÚ 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É ÉÚ 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ Ó UFS1. üÔÏÔ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙẨÁÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ <code
+class="OPTION">-O1</code> Ä̀Ñ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>, É̀É
+̃Å̉ÅÚ ÜË̉ÁÎ ̉ÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
+üÔÁ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÎÁ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Å, ÇÄÅ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ FreeBSD 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁ Đ̉ÅÏẨÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÍÅÖÄƠ ÜÔÉÍÉ
+Ä×ƠÍÑ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÁÍÉ (Ë̉ÏÍÅ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ, ĐÅ̉ÅÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É
+×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ó ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÊ ËÏĐÉÉ).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>÷Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉Á <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b>, Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÎÁ C++ ËÁË
+Đ̉Á×É̀Ï ỔÅÂƠÀÔ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ É ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. üÔÏ ỔÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÏÚÎÉË̀Ï ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × C++ ABI.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>úÁĐƠÓË Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ ĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> (É̀É ÜË×É×Á̀ÅÎÔÎÏÇÏ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ/ĐÁËÅÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/compat4x/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/compat4x</tt></a>). ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓ̀É ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ ĐÏ̉Ô É̀É ĐÁËÅÔ ×
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÁ É ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. üÔÏ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁÔÉÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÍÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ
+ËÏÍÂÉÎÁĂÉÀ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ É ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË. ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø Đ̉É ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ï× ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ĐÏ̉ÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/gnomevfs2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">devel/gnomevfs2</tt></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/mail/postfix/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">mail/postfix</tt></a>, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/security/cfs/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">security/cfs</tt></a> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ
+× ÓỔƠËÔỞÅ <tt class="LITERAL">statfs</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>æÁỀ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎ <tt class="FILENAME">host.conf</tt> ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎ ÎÁ
+(ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÏÂƯÉÊ) ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÏ× ÉÍÅÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nsswitch.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">nsswitch.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9. íÅÖÄƠ BIND 8 É 9
+ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, Ä̀Ñ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/bind9/misc/migration</tt>. äÏÓÔƠĐÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ
+̉ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï × <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/bind9/arm</tt>. îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÏÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × Ó̉ÅÄÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, Ơ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ƠÖÅ
+̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>, ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅÍ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÅÅ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÉ ÓÔÁ̉ÔÏ×ÙÍ ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ X Window System ÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ä̀Ñ
+FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó 5.3-RELEASE. îÁ
+ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, <b class="APPLICATION"><span
+class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span>&#8482;</b> ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × FreeBSD 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÀ ÍÅÖÄƠ ×Å̉ÓÉÑÍÉ,
+Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × Ç̀Á×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/x11.html" target="_top">X
+Window System</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ (ÔÁËÁÑ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/index.html"
+target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï</a> FreeBSD É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/index.html"
+target="_top">FAQ</a>) ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ, ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ ÎÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚ Ë ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍ
+FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× FreeBSD. úÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD Đ̉É×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÆÁỀÁÈ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">ports/CHANGES</tt> ÉÚ ÄÅ̉Å×Á
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">5. úÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó FreeBSD 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt></a></h2>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD ÜÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÚÁÍÅÔÏË ĐÏ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÄÏ 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. ëÁË É Đ̉É ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ FreeBSD, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
+Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ É ÓĐÉÓÏË ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ Ë ÎÏ×ÏÍƠ ̉Å̀ÉÚƠ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> Đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN273" name="AEN273">5.1. âÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ Đ̉ÑÍÏÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÜÔÏ ``ÓÏÈ̉ÁÎÉÔØ ×ÓÅ, ĐÅ̉ÅÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ,
+ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ, É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ''. üÔÏ ÉÓË̀À̃ÁÅÔ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ Ó
+ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ É̀É ÏÔÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÍÉ × ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÁÍÉ É ÆÁỀÁÍÉ
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÚÁÈ̀ÁÍ̀ÑÀƯÉÍÉ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó
+ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔØÀ (ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÉÍÁÑ -- UFS2 ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ).</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ÏĐĂÉÑ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ × ÍÅÎÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> ÎÅ
+ÂÙ̀Á ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏ Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ ×ÅÔ×ÑÍÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓÎÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍÉ
+ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÍÉ FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. úÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÎÁ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÈ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ ÎÁ i386), Ï̉ÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ
+ĐÏ-Ä̉ƠÇÏÍƠ, ̃ÅÍ × Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ. ÷ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>
+ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ×Ë̀À̃Á̀ ỞÅÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï, ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÎÏÅ ̀ÉÛØ Ä̀Ñ ÔÏÇÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.
+üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Ï ÑÄ̉Ơ ƠÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÎƠ ÄÉÓËÅÔƠ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Ï ĐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ × ÎÅÇÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù,
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÊ. îÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó 5.3-RELEASE, ÎÁ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÎÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï <tt class="LITERAL">GENERIC</tt>,
+̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, Ó ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.
+úÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË Đ̉ÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ ĐÏ ÍÅ̉Å ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ,
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÖÁÀƯÉÍ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ (×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ), ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏẨÁÔÉÔØ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ
+ÎÁ ÔÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ỔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ: <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt>, <tt
+class="FILENAME">kern1.flp</tt>, É <tt class="FILENAME">kern2.flp</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÅ CDROM Ä̀Ñ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482; ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔ ``ÎÅ-ÜÍỜÉ̉ƠÀƯÉÊ'' ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË. üÔÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ, ĐÏÍÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÇÏ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <tt
+class="LITERAL">GENERIC</tt> ÑÄ̉Ï ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ỞÅÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ.
+ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ̀ÀÂÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÈ ËÏÍĐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÏ× <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span> <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows NT</span>(R) 4, <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> 2000, É̀É <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span> XP ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÁ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍĐÁËÔ
+ÄÉÓËÏ× 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ× ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ÎÁ CDROM ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ĐÏ Ó̉Á×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÓÅ̉ÉÅÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. îÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó 5.4-RELEASE, ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ ÏẨÁÚ É
+``live filesystem'' ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ, ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ
+ia64 (× ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ ia64 ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É Ä̀Ñ live filesystem,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÄÉÓË). ûÉ̉ÏËÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ ̉ÁÚÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+×ÔÏ̉ÏÍ É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN300" name="AEN300">5.2. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> íÎÏÇÉÅ É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉ̀É, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉ÏƯÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÅ
+ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ (ẦÁÇÏ̉ÁÚƠÍÎÏÅ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÅ̉ÅÖÅÎÉÅ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ Ó̀ỠÁÑ),
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÏÂÙ̃ÎƠÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. ÷ ÏỒÉ̃ÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, × ÜÔÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÂÏÔÉÔØÓÑ Ï ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÈÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÆÁỀÁÈ É
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ, É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ×ÏÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Đ̉ÅÉÍƠƯÅÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS2.</p>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙÅ Ó Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁÍÉ <tt class="LITERAL">buildworld</tt>/<tt
+class="LITERAL">installworld</tt> ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×, <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ</i></span> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÔÁËÏÅ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ ÏÂÙ̃ÎƠÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ
+ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>đ̉É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÉ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÎÁ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÓÏÂÉ̉ÁÀÔÓÑ É ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔÓÑ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ. üÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÏ ÎÁ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÅ <tt
+class="LITERAL">buildworld</tt>/<tt class="LITERAL">installworld</tt>, ̃ÁÓÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÏÊ
+ÏĐÙÔÎÙÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ (ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË
+FreeBSD-STABLE É̀É FreeBSD-CURRENT). ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÜÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ Ó̀ÏÖÎÁÑ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÁ, ̃ÅÍ
+ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ, ÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÁ ÅÓ̀É ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó̀ÏÖÎÙ É̀É
+ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉĂÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ ĐÏÄ ÉÍÅÀƯƠÀÓÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ Ơ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓỔÁÔÏ̉Á ÅÓÔØ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ËÏÎÓÏ̀É, ÎÏ ÎÅÔ
+ÆÉÚÉ̃ÅÓËÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÁ (É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÎÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË).</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Ï̃ÔÅÎÉÅ <tt class="FILENAME">src/UPDATING</tt> ÁÂÓÏ̀ÀÔÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ. ̣ÁÚÄÅ̀,
+ÏÚÁÇ̀Á×̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ``To upgrade in-place from 4.x-stable to current'' ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ĐÏÛÁÇÏ×ƠÀ
+Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞƠ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ × ÔÏ̃ÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÁ, ÂÅÚ ``ÓÏË̉ÁƯÅÎÉÊ'',
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÀÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É. óÏË̉ÁƯÅÎÎÙÊ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÜÔÉÈ ÛÁÇÏ× Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎ
+ÎÉÖÅ:</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>óÄÅ̀ÁÊÔÅ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÙÅ ËÏĐÉÉ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÁÖÎÏÓÔØ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÏĂÅÎÉÔØ. îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÙÅ ËÏĐÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ. đ̉ÅË̉ÁÓÎÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ÜÔÏÇÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dump&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dump</span>(8)</span></a> ÎỜÅ×ÏÇÏ
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÙÈ Á̀ØÔÅ̉ÎÁÔÉ×.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ̃ÔÏ × ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÏËÏ̀Ï 30MB
+Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.</p>
+
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ̃ÅÍ FreeBSD
+4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. åÓ̀É ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt>
+̉ÁÓĐÏ̀ÏÖÅÎ × ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> (Á ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË), ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÅ
+×ÓÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÍÏ̃Ø ×ÙÓ×ÏÂÏÄÉÔØ ÍÅÓÔÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÏÄĐ̉Á×ØÔÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> ÅÓ̀É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ĐƠÎËÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ë ÓÔÁ̉ÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ FreeBSD/i386. ÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ó̀ÁÊÓÙ × MBR ÓÔÉ̀Å, FreeBSD ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``Ó̀ÁÊÓÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ'',
+ÇÄÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ï× ÍÏÇƠÔ Đ̉ÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÆÏ̉ÍƠ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0a</tt>
+(ÂÅÚ Ñ×ÎÏÇÏ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÉÍÅÎÉ Ó̀ÁÊÓÁ). üÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÆÏ̉ÍÅ <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/ad0s1a</tt>. ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ Ó̀Ï×ÁÍÉ, ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ù ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÓÔØÀ: ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÎÏÍÅ̉ Ó̀ÁÊÓÁ É ÂƠË×Á
+̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Á.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ``Ó̀ÁÊÓÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ'' ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ÎÁ̃ÉÎÁÑ Ó FreeBSD 2.2.6-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ĐƠÎËÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë FreeBSD/alpha ×ÏÏÂƯÅ, ËÁË É Ë
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÉÍ ̉ÅÖÉÍ ``dangerously dediated''.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>éÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a> É̀É
+Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÙ, ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔÅ ËÏĐÉÀ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD (ÍÏÄỜØ <tt
+class="FILENAME">src/</tt>). ä̀Ñ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ 5.4-RELEASE ÉÚ CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ FreeBSD,
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ <tt class="LITERAL">RELENG_5_4_0_RELEASE</tt>. ä̀Ñ ×ÅÔ×É 5.4 Ó
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ <tt class="LITERAL">RELENG_5_4</tt>. ä̀Ñ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ
+×ÅÔ×É ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ FreeBSD 5-STABLE, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ ÔÅÇ ×ÅÔ×É <tt
+class="LITERAL">RELENG_5</tt>. đ̉É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ CVS Ä̀Ñ ÉÚ×̀Å̃ÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×,
+×ÁÖÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ä̀Ñ CVS Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-P</code>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐƠÓÔÙÅ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÉ
+ƠÄÁ̀Ñ̀ÉÓØ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ỔÅÂƠÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ ×
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ ĐÁ̉Ï̀ÅÊ É Ç̉ƠĐĐ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÉÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÁÍ. ïÎÉ
+ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mergemaster -p</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ É Ç̉ƠĐĐƠ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÆÁỀ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÓÔÉ̀ÓÑ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/sbin/nologin</tt> × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/usr/sbin/nologin</tt>. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ơ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ĐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nologin</span>(8)</span></a>
+ƠËÁÚÁÎÁ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÏÂÏ̀Ï̃ËÉ, ÜÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/passwd</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÏÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make buildworld</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ <code class="VARNAME">CPUTYPE</code> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÁ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>, ÏÎÁ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÏĐÅ̉ÁÔÏ̉ÏÍ <tt
+class="LITERAL">?=</tt>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓ <tt class="LITERAL">buildworld</tt> ÍÏÇ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÉÓÁÔØ
+ÅÅ Đ̉É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <code class="VARNAME">MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX</code> <span
+class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÎÅ̀ØÚÑ</i></span> ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ̃ÁÓÔØ ``ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË'', ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/make.conf</tt>, ÄÏ̀ÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÁ. üÔÏ
+ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ×ÁÖÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ÔÅÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅĐÏÓ̉ÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ×̀ÉÑÀÔ ÎÁ ÓÂÏ̉ËƠ É̀É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ
+ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÉ FreeBSD, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <code class="VARNAME">NO_TOOLCHAIN</code>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÏÂÅ̉ÉÔÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make buildkernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> <tt
+class="LITERAL">buildkernel</tt>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ƠÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ̃ÔÏ ÑÄ̉Ï ÂƠÄÅÔ ÓÏẨÁÎÏ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉ÏÍ,
+ÓÏẨÁÎÎÙÍ × Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÉ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
+×̉ỠÎƠÀ É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.</p>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ÓÂÏ̉ËÁ (É ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄƠÀƯÁÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ) ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄ̉Á × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ,
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">GENERIC</tt> É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄ̉Á ĐÏÚÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÔÉÔÅ̀ØÎÅÅ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ×Å̉ÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÎÉÖÅ. đ̉É ÓÂÏ̉ËÅ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÑÄ̉Á × ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ ̉ÁÚ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÑÄ̉Ï <tt class="LITERAL">GENERIC</tt> ÉÚ FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ ÂÙ̀É ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÙ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ ĐÏ Ó̉Á×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. ÷ ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ó̀ỠÁÅ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">COMPAT_FREEBSD4</tt> ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓĐÅÛÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁÓỔÏÊÔÅ ÈÉÎÔÙ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× Ä̀Ñ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× ISA Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÁ
+ÎÉÖÅĐ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ. đÏÄÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÅ ÉÍÑ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">i386</tt>) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>MACHINE</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cp sys/<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>MACHINE</i></tt>/conf/GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ĐƠÓÔÏÊ ÆÁỀ ÈÉÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÈÉÎÔÙ ISA
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ Ä̀Ñ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ISA ÎÅ-PNP ËÁ̉ÔÁÍÉ (ÇÄÅ ÈÉÎÔÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓỔÏÅÎÙ), Ä̀Ñ
+ÎÅ-PNPBIOS ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, É̀É Ä̀Ñ Æ̀ÏĐĐÉ ÄÉÓËÏ×, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ PNPBIOS
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make installkernel</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ × FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÑÄ̉Ï ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">/kernel</tt>, Á × FreeBSD 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÑÄ̉Ï ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÅÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel/kernel</tt>. íÏÄỜÉ ÑÄ̉Á × 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/modules</tt>, Á × 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ÏÎÉ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÁ×̀É×ÁÀÔÓÑ × <tt class="FILENAME">/boot/kernel</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉË FreeBSD 5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src/sys/boot</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make STRIP="" install</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ, ÏÎ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ïÔË̀À̃ÉÔÅ ÍÏÄỜÉ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÉÈ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÏ× (ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË VMware) Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÁÄÅÎÉÊ, ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ × ABI ÑÄ̉Á É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÑÍÉ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ × ÏÄÎÏĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ. đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÁ ÁÂÓÏ̀ÀÔÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ Ä̀Ñ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁĐƠƯÅÎÏ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄ̉Ï.
+ïÄÎÏĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÊ ̉ÅÖÉÍ Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ƠÓỔÁÎÉÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ Ó̀ỠÁÊÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+×ÏÚÎÉËÎƠÔØ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ÚÁĐƠƯÅÎÙ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>óÍÏÎÔÉ̉ƠÊÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fsck -p</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -uw /</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -at ufs</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÙÚÏ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ ĐÏ̀ÅÊ × ÓƠĐÅ̉ẦÏËÅ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD
+5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. åÓ̀É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ̃ÁÓÙ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ × ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÍ
+×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ, Á ÎÅ × UTC, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">adjkerntz -i</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>÷Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏ̀É ÍÏÖÅÔ ĐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ (ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
+̉ÁÚ).</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+WARNING: userland calling deprecated sysctl, please rebuild world
+</pre>
+
+<p>ïÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓĐÏËÏÊÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÏ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÄÁ̀ÉÔÅ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ËÉ ÆÁỀÏ× C++:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm -rf /usr/include/g++</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁÔÉÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ËÏ×, ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÈÓÑ ÏÔ
+ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉Á <b class="APPLICATION">GCC</b> 2.95 C++, Đ̉É ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÉÈ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÑÈ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/src</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make installworld</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÇÄÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a>, ÅÇÏ
+ÆÁỀÙ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÙ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a>, ×
+ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ <tt class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>. åÓ̀É ËÁËÉÅ-̀ÉÂÏ ÆÁỀÙ ƠÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/named</tt>, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉ÅÄ×Á̉ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÉÈ ̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎƠÀ
+ËÏĐÉÀ.</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /etc</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mv named named.bak</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir -p /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">cp -Rp named.bak/* /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É × ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">localhost</tt>, Ä̀Ñ ÉÈ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÓÂÏ̉ËÉ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÅÅ:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /var/named/etc/namedb</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">/bin/sh make-localhost</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm -f localhost-v6.rev localhost.rev</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>îÁËÏÎÅĂ, ÎƠÖÎÏ ƠÄÁ̀ÉÔØ Ä×Á ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÈ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÔ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b
+class="APPLICATION">BIND</b>:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/sbin/nslookup</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/sbin/nsupdate</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ïÂÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ×:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mergemaster -i</kbd>
+</pre>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÎÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ÅÎ. ïÎ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁ̉ÔÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× É ÆÁỀÏ×
+ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ ÉÚ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt> × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÍƠ ÑÄ̉Ơ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÚÏ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mergemaster</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÎÅĐ̀ÏÈÏ ÂƠÄÅÔ Đ̉Ï×Å̉ÉÔØ (É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ) <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt>.
+úÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÅÍÙÈ × ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁỀÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉ̀ÉÓØ; ×
+̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ơÄÁ̀ÉÔÅ ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÉÅÓÑ ÆÁỀÙ <b class="APPLICATION">BIND 8</b>:</p>
+
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/bin/dnskeygen /usr/bin/dnsquery</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/libexec/named-xfer</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">rm /usr/sbin/named.restart /usr/sbin/ndc</kbd>
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÉÔÅÓØ.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>đÏÓ̀Å ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ËÏÍĐÏÎÅÎÔ, ÎÅ
+×ÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ × ÂÁÚÏ×ƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ̉ÍÁ̀ØÎÏÊ ÆƠÎËĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÏÓÔÉ. <b
+class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÎÅ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ̃ÁÓÔØÀ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÄÏ̀ÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× (Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ, ÉÚ ĐÏ̉ÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) É̀É ÉÚ ĐÁËÅÔÁ. đÏÓ̀Å ÜÔÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÓÅ ĐÏ̉ÔÙ
+É/É̀É ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÚÁ×ÉÓÑƯÉÅ ÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b>, ÎƠÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ ×
+ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐƠÓËÁ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ× FreeBSD 4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÎÁÂÏ̉ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÈ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ. ïÎ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ ĐÏÓ̀Å ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ĐÁËÅÔÁ/ĐÏ̉ÔÁ
+<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/misc/compat4x/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">misc/compat4x</tt></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÁË ÂÙ̀Ï ƠĐÏÍÑÎƠÔÏ × Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å, <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÜÔÏ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ X Window System ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ. ëÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× (Á ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ) ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀÔ
+ÜÔÏÍƠ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÀ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ỠÅÓÔØ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ. ä̀Ñ ÚÁÍÅÎÙ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÏÊ Ç̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó
+<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b> ÎÁ <b
+class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b>, ÏẨÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/x-install.html"
+target="_top">ơÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ X11</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SUMMARY" name="SUMMARY">6. éÔÏÇÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÈ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ FreeBSD
+5.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, É ÓĐÉÓÏË ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÏ×, ỔÅÂƠÀƯÉÈ ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ
+×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ ÔÅÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>. úÄÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÎÁÂÏ̉Á ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÊ ĐÏ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÏÄÎÁ Ó ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, Ä̉ƠÇÁÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="FOOTNOTES">đ̉ÉÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÑ</h3>
+
+<table border="0" class="FOOTNOTES" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="5%"><a id="FTN.AEN160" name="FTN.AEN160"
+href="#AEN160"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a></td>
+<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="95%">
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ÆÁỀÏ× <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt> ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ i386 É pc98 Ó ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏÍ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">COMPAT_AOUT</tt>.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑÔÏ̉Ï× ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/gcc28/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">lang/gcc28</tt></a>) ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×
+ÓÔÁÎÄÁ̉ÔÁ <tt class="FILENAME">a.out</tt>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/readme.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/readme.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de39aaae2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/readme.html
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE README</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE README</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/readme/article.sgml,v 1.5.2.2
+2005/03/15 16:50:38 den Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Motif, OSF/1 É UNIX ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ, Á IT DialTone É The Open
+Group ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Open Group × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN21" name="AEN21"></a>
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÄÁÅÔ Ë̉ÁÔËÏÅ ××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE. ïÎ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ FreeBSD, ÏÂÚÏ̉ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÏẨÁÔÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó đ̉ÏÅËÔÏÍ
+FreeBSD É ÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE (``release''), ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÔÏ̃ËÁ ×ÅÔ×É 5-STABLE.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN27" name="AEN27">1.1. ï FreeBSD</a></h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ 4.4 BSD Lite Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÇÏ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ DEC/Compaq/HP Alpha/AXP ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ï× (alpha), PC ÎÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ AMD64 É Intel
+EM64T (amd64), PC ÎÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Intel, AMD, Cyrix É̀É NexGen ``x86'' (i386), ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Ù
+ÎÁ Intel Itanium Processor (ia64), PC NEC PC-9801/9821 É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ (pc98) É ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UltraSPARC</span>(R) (sparc64). ÷Å̉ÓÉÉ Ä̀Ñ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>(R) (powerpc) É <span
+class="TRADEMARK">MIPS</span>(R) (mips) ÔÁËÖÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ. FreeBSD ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó
+ÛÉ̉ÏËÉÍ ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ĐÅ̉ÉÆÅ̉ÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, × ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÑÈ É ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ̀ÀÂÙÈ ĂÅ̀ÑÈ, ÏÔ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ, ÉÇ̉ ÄÏ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÅ̉×ÉÓÏ× ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD ÅÓÔØ ×ÓÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ×Ë̀À̃ÁÑ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ Ä̀Ñ ÑÄ̉Á É ×ÓÅ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á. ó ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ
+ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ĐÅ̉ÅËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÂƠË×Á̀ØÎÏ ×ÓÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×
+ÏÄÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ, ̃ÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ÅÅ ÉÄÅÁ̀ØÎÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ÓÔƠÄÅÎÔÏ×, ÉÓÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÑÔ Ơ×ÉÄÅÔØ ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÜÔÏ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</p>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÁÑ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ (``ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÑ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×''), ÏÎÁ ƠĐ̉ÏƯÁÅÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ×ÓÅÈ ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÏÓỔÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ <span
+class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>(R) Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ``ĐÏ̉Ô'' ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á
+ÓË̉ÉĐÔÏ× Ä̀Ñ ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ, ÓÂÏ̉ËÉ É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ ÏÄÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ 12,300, ÏÔ
+̉ÅÄÁËÔÏ̉Ï× É ÑÚÙËÏ× Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏ Ç̉ÁÆÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÄÅ̀ÁÀÔ FreeBSD ÍÏƯÎÏÊ É
+ĐÏ̀ÎÏÊ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÏÊ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ×ÙÈÏÄÑÔ ÄÁ̀ÅËÏ ÚÁ ̉ÁÍËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ̃ÔÏ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÀÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>. âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ × ×ÉÄÅ ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ``ĐÁËÅÔÏ×'', ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÂÙÓỔÏ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÙ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÏÊ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN41" name="AEN41">1.2. ăÅ̀Å×ÁÑ ÁƠÄÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× (``release'') FreeBSD ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ. ïÎ Đ̉ÏÛÅ̀
+ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄ ÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ É Đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÉ ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÄÉ̀É ÅÇÏ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÓÔØ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OBTAIN" name="OBTAIN">2. đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏ×. üÔÏÔ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ ÁËĂÅÎÔÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ
+ÎÁ ÔÅÈ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ̀ỠÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á FreeBSD,
+Á ÎÅ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN48" name="AEN48">2.1. CDROM É DVD</a></h3>
+
+<p>äÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù FreeBSD -RELEASE ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ËƠĐ̀ÅÎÙ ÎÁ CDROM É̀É DVD Ơ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ×. úÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÉÂÏ̀ÅÅ ƠÄÏÂÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÏÎ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ Đ̉ÏÓÔƠÀ ĐÅ̉ÅƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÅÓ̀É ÜÔÏ ĐÏỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ.
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÅ ÓËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ``ĐÁËÅÔÙ'' ÉÚ
+ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>óĐÉÓÏË ĐÏÓÔÁ×ƯÉËÏ× CDROM É DVD, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN55" name="AEN55">2.2. FTP</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ FTP Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ FreeBSD É ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ É̀É ×ÓÅÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× Ó <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÍ ÓÁÊÔÏÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD, É̀É Ó ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÅÇÏ ``ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀''.</p>
+
+<p>óĐÉÓËÉ ÓÁÊÔÏ×, ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉ƠÀƯÉÈ FreeBSD, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
+target="_top">FTP ÓÁÊÔÙ</a>, É̀É ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ <a href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"
+target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>. đÏÉÓË ẦÉÖÁÊÛÅÇÏ (× ÔÅ̉ÍÉÎÁÈ ÓÅÔÉ)
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á Ä̀Ñ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔÓÑ. ó×ÑÖÉÔÅÓØ Ó <code
+class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
+href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code> ÚÁ
+ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÓÄÅ̀ÁÔØ ÏÆÉĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï. ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ
+ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ × ÓÔÁÔØÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/hubs/"
+target="_top">úÅ̉ËÁ̀É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÅ̉ËÁ̀Á ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏẨÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÎÁ̃Á̀Á ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ISO ÏẨÁÚÙ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ CDROM ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="CONTACTING" name="CONTACTING">3. ïẨÁÔÎÁÑ Ó×ÑÚØ Ó đ̉ÏÅËÔÏÍ
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN69" name="AEN69">3.1. ǜÅËỔÏÎÎÁÑ ĐÏ̃ÔÁ É ÓĐÉÓËÉ
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ</a></h3>
+
+<div class="WARNING">
+<blockquote class="WARNING">
+<p><b>÷ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ:</b> ÷ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ × ÓĐÉÓËÉ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÁ ÁÎÇ̀ÉÊÓËÏÍ
+ÑÚÙËÅ</i></span>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>đÏ ̀ÀÂÙÍ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÁÍ É̀É Ó Đ̉ÏÓØÂÏÊ Ï ÔÅÈÎÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ĐÉÛÉÔÅ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÁÍ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÁÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>åÓ̀É ×Ù ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËƠ 5-STABLE, <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ĐÏÄĐÉÛÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÏÂÓƠÖÄÅÎÉÀ FreeBSD-CURRENT</a>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÂÙÔØ × ËỞÓÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÈ
+̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÏË É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ×̀ÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ É ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+
+<p>ñ×̀ÑÑÓØ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔÏÍ ƠÓÉ̀ÉÊ ÄÏẨÏ×Ï̀ØĂÅ×, đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ̉ÁÄ Đ̉ÉÎÑÔØ
+ĐÏÍÏƯØ -- ÖÅ̀ÁÅÍÙÈ ƠÓÏ×Å̉ÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÊ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ ÇÏ̉ÁÚÄÏ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ, ̃ÅÍ ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ ÎÁ ÉÈ
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÀ. ä̀Ñ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÁÍÉ ĐÏ ÔÅÈÎÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÁÍ, É̀É Ó Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ
+ĐÏÍÏƯÉ, ĐÏÄĐÉÛÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ FreeBSD, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÔÅÈÎÉ̃ÅÓËÉÍ ÄÉÓËƠÓÓÉÑÍ</a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÍÅÊÔÅ ××ÉÄƠ, ̃ÔÏ × ÜÔÉÈ ÓĐÉÓËÁÈ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ</i></span> ÏÂßÅÍ ỔÁÆÉËÁ. åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ÍÅÄ̀ÅÎÎÙÊ É̀É
+ÄÏ̉ÏÇÏÓÔÏÑƯÉÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ĐÏ̃ÔÅ, É̀É ×Ù ÉÎÔÅ̉ÅÓƠÅÔÅÓØ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑÍÉ FreeBSD,
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ ĐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ ĐÏÄĐÉÓËÁ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÁÎÏÎÓÏ× FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>îÁ ×ÓÅ ÓĐÉÓËÉ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ̀ÀÂÏÊ ÖÅ̀ÁÀƯÉÊ. đÏÓÅÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_top">FreeBSD Mailman Info
+Page</a>. ôÁÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏÄĐÉÓËÅ ÎÁ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÅ ÓĐÉÓËÉ
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë Á̉ÈÉ×ÁÍ, É Ô.Ä. óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ƠĐÏÍÑÎƠÔÙÈ ÚÄÅÓØ ÓĐÉÓËÏ×
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ ÏÓÏÂÙÈ ĂÅ̀ÅÊ; ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ É̀É ÎÁ
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂÁÈ Mailman É̀É × <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/support.html#mailing-list"
+target="_top">̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ</a> ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">îÅ</i></span> ÏÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÊÔÅ ×
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ ĐÉÓØÍÁ Ó Đ̉ÏÓØÂÏÊ Ï ĐÏÄĐÉÓËÅ. éÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÊÔÅ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄĐÉÓËÉ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓ Mailman.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN90" name="AEN90">3.2. ïÔĐ̉Á×ËÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ É ËÏÄ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ĂÅÎÎÙ -- ÎÅ ÓÔÅÓÎÑÊÔÅÓØ ÓÏÏÂƯÁÔØ Ï
+̀ÀÂÙÈ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÉÔØ. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ó Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÎÙÍ
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÍ ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÅƯÅ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÔÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÓĐÏÓÏ ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ó ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÎÏÇÏ Ë ĐÏ̃ÔÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÎÅÔ ËÏÍĐØÀÔÅ̉Á ÜÔÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>.
+ïÔĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÍÙÅ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ (``Problem Reports'', PR) ĐÏĐÁÄÁÀÔ ×
+ÂÁÚƠ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÇÄÅ ÏÔÓ̀ÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÈ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ; ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÉ FreeBSD Đ̉É̀ÁÇÁÀÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍƠÍ
+ƠÓÉ̀ÉÊ Ë ÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁ̀ØÎÏ ÂÙÓỔÏ ̉ÅÁÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ. îÁ ×ÅÂ
+ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD ÄÏÓÔƠĐÅÎ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi"
+target="_top">ÓĐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ PR</a>; ÜÔÏÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË ĐÏ̀ÅÚÅÎ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÓÍÏỔÁ ×ÓÅÈ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÍÏÇ̀É ×ÓỔÅÔÉÔØÓÑ Ä̉ƠÇÉÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> ÜÔÏ
+shell ÓË̉ÉĐÔ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ̀ÅÇËÏ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎ ÄÁÖÅ × ÎÅ-FreeBSD ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ.
+đ̉ÅÄĐÏ̃ÔÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÍ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁ. åÓ̀É ĐÏ ËÁËÏÊ-̀ÉÂÏ
+Đ̉É̃ÉÎÅ ×Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÉ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ, ĐÏĐ̉ÏÂƠÊÔÅ ÏÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ × <a
+href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target="_top">óĐÉÓÏË
+̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ FreeBSD, ĐÏÓ×ÑƯ£ÎÎÙÊ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ</a>.</p>
+
+<p>úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÁÔØÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/problem-reports/"
+target="_top">``óÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÅ óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ × FreeBSD''</a>, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ
+FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏ×ÅÔÏ× ĐÏ ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÉÀ É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÅ
+ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SEEALSO" name="SEEALSO">4. éÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÉ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏÊ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>óƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÔÏ̃ÎÉËÏ× ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ ĐÏ FreeBSD; ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ×
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×, Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÏÎ-̀ÁÊÎ É̀É × ÂƠÍÁÖÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELEASE-DOCS" name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ ÎÁ
+̉Å̀ÉÚ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÏ̀ÅÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÅÓËÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ơ ``release'' ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÆÁỀÁÈ.
+âÏ̀ØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ï× ×Ë̀À̃ÁÀÔ ÉÈ ËÁË × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ASCII ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>), ÔÁË É × ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÅ HTML (<tt class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>).
+îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Ù ÍÏÇƠÔ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÆÏ̉ÍÁÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË PostScript (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.PS</tt>) É̀É Portable Document Format (<tt
+class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ. äÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ƠÀ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+FreeBSD, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">EARLY.TXT</tt>: ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD
+4.<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>, ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÑƯÉÈ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉ÉÀ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÎÏ×ÏÅ × ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ É
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ĐÏ Ó̉Á×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ FreeBSD
+5.3-RELEASE).</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: óĐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, × ÎÅÍ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×Á, ̉ÁÂÏÔÏÓĐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍÉ FreeBSD ÂÙ̀Á Đ̉ÏÔÅÓÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÁ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>: éÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ ĐÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ FreeBSD Ó
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀ÅÊ.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: óĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁỀÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÀÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ, Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÉÍƠÀ Ë ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍ (ÏỒÉ̃ÉÅ ÏÔ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔÏ×). îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ó×Å̉ÉÔØÓÑ Ó
+ÜÔÉÍ ÆÁỀÏÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ FreeBSD, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ĐÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÙ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× (× ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, <tt
+class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>, É <tt
+class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>) ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ, ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉ̃ÎƠÀ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ alpha ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ, ÎÅĐ̉ÉÍÅÎÉÍƠÀ Ë <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482;, É ÎÁÏÂÏ̉ÏÔ.
+á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÁ, Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÉÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ, ƠËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÅÇÏ ÚÁÇÏ̀Ï×ËÅ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>îÁ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> (×
+ÎÁÓÔÏÑƯÅÅ ×̉ÅÍÑ alpha, <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>, ia64, pc98, É <span
+class="TRADEMARK">Sparc64</span>(R)), ÜÔÉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ÍÅÎÀ
+Documentation ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ. ëÁË ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÂƠÄÅÔ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÜÔÏ ÍÅÎÀ, ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÏ ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> ë̉ÁÊÎÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÓĐÉÓÏË Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ ̀ÀÂÏÇÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÅÇÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̀ÀÂÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÈ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÑÈ É̀É Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ,
+ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. æÁỀ errata, ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÍÙÊ Ó ËÁÖÄÙÍ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏÍ, ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å̀
+ĐÏ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÀ, ÎÏ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ËÏĐÉÉ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ É ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``ÔÅËƠƯÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ Ï
+Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ'' Ä̀Ñ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. üÔÉ ËÏĐÉÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releases/</a> (Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÓÁÊÔÅ,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÅÍ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÑÅÍÏÅ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀Ï ÜÔÏÇÏ ̉ÅÓỞÓÁ).</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN161" name="AEN161">4.2. óỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ëÁË É Đ̉ÁËÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅ <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> ĐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, FreeBSD
+ĐÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÎÁÂÏ̉ÏÍ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÈ ̃Å̉ÅÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> É̀É ̃Å̉ÅÚ
+<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">ÇÉĐÅ̉ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ Û̀ÀÚ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ</a> ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD. óỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ÄÁÀÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍ É API, ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ Ó̀ỠÁÑÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÙ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÔØ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÍ
+ÔÅÍÁÍ. đ̉ÉÍÅ̃ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÅ Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Ù ÔÁËÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÉĂ ÜÔÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a>
+(̉ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÏĐÔÉÍÉÚÁĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ), <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a>
+(××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ FreeBSD) É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a>
+(̉ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÓÔÉ̀À Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÑÄ̉Á).</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN179" name="AEN179">4.3. ëÎÉÇÉ É ÓÔÁÔØÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ä×Å Ï̃ÅÎØ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÙÅ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÅÊÓÑ Ë FreeBSD ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ đ̉ÏÅËÔÏÍ
+FreeBSD, ÜÔÏ ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï FreeBSD É FAQ ĐÏ FreeBSD (Frequently Asked Questions, ̃ÁÓÔÏ
+ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ). ïÎ̀ÁÊÎ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/"
+target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á</a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÓÏ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html" target="_top">ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ FreeBSD</a> É ×ÓÅÈ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. åÓ̀É ×Ù ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×É̀É ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏ̉ <tt
+class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï É FAQ ÍÏÖÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÎ̀ÁÊÎ ËÎÉÇ É ÓÔÁÔÅÊ, ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ đ̉ÏÅËÔÏÍ FreeBSD, ÚÁỔÁÇÉ×ÁÀÔ
+ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÓĐÅĂÉÁ̀ÉÚÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë FreeBSD ÔÅÍÙ. ïÎÉ ÏÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔ ÛÉ̉ÏËÉÊ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎ
+ÔÅÍ, ÏÔ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓĐÉÓËÏ× ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ É ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ ÓƠƯÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD Ó
+Ä̉ƠÇÉÍÉ ÏĐÅ̉ÁĂÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ÄÏ ̉ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ä̀Ñ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÍÉÔÔÅ̉Ï×. ôÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË
+̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï É FAQ, ÜÔÉ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÙ ÓÏ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ FreeBSD É̀É ÉÚ
+ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏ̉Á <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>óĐÉÓÏË Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ËÎÉÇ É ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× ĐÏ FreeBSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
+target="_top">ÂÉẦÉÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ</a> ̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á FreeBSD. đÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ FreeBSD ×Ï ×ÓÅÍ ÎÁÓ̀ÅÄƠÅÔ
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>, ÍÎÏÇÉÅ Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÓÔÁÔØÉ É ËÎÉÇÉ, ÎÁĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ Ä̀Ñ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
+<span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>, ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ É Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD, É ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ
+Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÂÉẦÉÏÇ̉ÁÆÉÉ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" name="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">5.
+ầÁÇÏÄÁ̉ÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h2>
+
+<p>FreeBSD Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÏÔÅÎ, ÅÓ̀É ÎÅ ÔÙÓÑ̃ ̀ÀÄÅÊ ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ
+ÍÉ̉Ơ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ×ÛÉÈ ÂÅÓ̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÏÅ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÅÎÉ Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á. úÁ
+ĐÏ̀ÎÙÍ ÓĐÉÓËÏÍ ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÏ× É ỠÁÓÔÎÉËÏ× đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
+target="_top">``óĐÉÓËƠ ËÏÎỔÉÂØÀÔÏ̉Ï× đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD''</a> ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD É̀É
+̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ ÅÇÏ ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀.</p>
+
+<p>ïÓÏÂÙÅ ẦÁÇÏÄÁ̉ÎÏÓÔÉ ×Ù̉ÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ ÔÙÓÑ̃ÁÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ FreeBSD É ÔÅÓÔÅ̉ÁÍ ĐÏ
+×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ, ÂÅÚ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ×ÙĐƠÓË ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á Đ̉ÏÓÔÏ ÎÅ ÂÙ̀ ÂÙ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/alpha 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/alpha
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.10.2.5 2005/05/06 18:57:44 hrs Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ
+ÍÁ̉ËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ,
+É̀É ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN23" name="AEN23"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.3-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
+Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN293">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ Alpha/AXP. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
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+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.3-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ HTTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ỠÁÓÔËÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎƠÀ DoS ÁÔÁËƠ ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ TELNET ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÂƠÆÅ̉Á. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ TELNET É̀É ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍƠ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ × ÓÅÔÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ
+ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÄ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ×ÛÅÇÏ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a>,
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÏÄ×Å̉ÇÁ̀ÉÓØ ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ 12 ÂÁÊÔ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ CVS. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.chflags_allowed</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÎƠỔÉ jail. åÓ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ×ÎƠỔÉ jail <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt>, ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> ×ÎƠỔÉ jail É ×ÎÅ jail ÎÅ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafevm</code> ÂÙ̀Á ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ × Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÅ ULE.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̀Ñ ÇÉÂËÏÇÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. ïÎÁ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ CPU ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpufreq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpufreq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ËÁ̉Ô GPIB-PCIIA IEEE-488.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ USB Communication Device Class Ethernet Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdce&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdce</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎÆ̀ÉËÔÏ×Á̀Á Ó
+promiscuous ̉ÅÖÉÍÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ĐÏÔÏËÁ Ethernet ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ -- ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ device polling É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+Đ̉ÏÑ×̀Ñ̀ÉÓØ ÎÁ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, É ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ, ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ page fault, ÏẨÙ×Ơ
+ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ SSH É̀É ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ Đ̉É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å ÆÁỀÏ×. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÏÔ
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ jumbo Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ ÎÁ Yukon-based ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>MTU feedback × IPv6 ×ÙË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+Æ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP). CARP ÂÙ̀ ×ÚÑÔ ÉÚ OpenBSD É
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃É×ÁÔØ
+×ÙÓÏËƠÀ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">carp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</code>=<tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> (ÜÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ̉Á×ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ) ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+Đ̉Á×É̀ <tt class="LITERAL">gid</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">jail</tt>, É/É̀É <tt
+class="LITERAL">uid</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt
+class="LITERAL">ipfw fwd</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ĐÁËÅÔÁ
+Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</tt>
+× ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</tt>. üÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á ƠÓỔÁÎÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇỞÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÁËËỞÁÔÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÎÅ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÉÔØ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PMTU.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipnat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipnat</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ-TCP/UDP ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ ÓÔÅËÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ï× É ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÁÔÅÇÉÉ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ ƠÚÅ̀ NetGraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_netflow&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_netflow</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ơ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÍƠ ĐÏÄ FreeBSD, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô NetFlow ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+5.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Frame Relay</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ TCP, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× RST Đ̉É
+ÏËÎÅ Đ̉ÉÅÍÁ × ÎÏ̀Ø ÂÁÊÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ TCP SACK.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ KAME IPv4 IPsec, ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ × FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+TCP-MD5.</p>
+
+<p>á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ``Random ephemeral port number allocation'' Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ Ó
+ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÊ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø × ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÙ,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ, ̃ÅÍ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps</code> × ÓÅËƠÎÄƠ, ̉ÁÎÄÏÍÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomtime</code> ÓÅËƠÎÄ. úÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ÜÔÉÈ Ä×ƠÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl ̉Á×ÎÙ <tt class="LITERAL">10</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">45</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptmv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hptmv</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ HighPoint RocketRAID 182x series.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÁÍĐÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÈ ServeRAID.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ë̀ÁÓÓ SHSEC GEOM. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÏÇÏ Ë̀À̃Á
+(``secret'') ÍÅÖÄƠ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉ÁÍÉ GEOM. ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÙÊ Ë̀À̃. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gshsec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gshsec</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ×ÎÏ×Ø ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ cd9660 (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ RockRidge) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÑÄ̉Ï ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÏẨÁÎÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ
+verbose. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á (ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÎÅÎƠÖÎÙÈ)
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>÷Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠÍÍÁ̉ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ (``dirty'') ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É UFS2 ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, Á ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>. üÔÏ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Đ̉É ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+ÓÂÏÑ. đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount</code> × ÎÅÎỜÅ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ ÑÄ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN293" name="AEN293">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 20040527 ÄÏ 20041119.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÏÄÙ ÓÔÁÔƠÓÁ <tt class="LITERAL">212</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">213</tt> Ä̀Ñ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ É ÆÁỀÁ (× Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ÓÑ ËÏÄ <tt
+class="LITERAL">211</tt>). üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 959.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ DNS <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÍÉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ËÏÇÄÁ ƠËÁÚÁÎ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNSPEC</tt>. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ DNS
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ù ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÀÔ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ
+ÎÅÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ <tt class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÔØ <tt
+class="LITERAL">NOERROR</tt> Ó ĐƠÓÔÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ä̀Ñ Ä×ÏÊÎÏÇÏ IPv4/IPv6 ÓÔÅËÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt> Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÉÔØ
+ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt>. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÔÁËÏÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë DoS ÁÔÁËÅ (ÓÍ. <a href="http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121"
+target="_top">http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ).
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ, ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÅÍÙÊ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_INET6</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AF_INET</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <tt class="LITERAL">create</tt> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ GPT ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ MBR.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ gvinum(8) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓƠÂËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">checkparity</tt>,
+<tt class="COMMAND">rebuildparity</tt> É <tt class="COMMAND">setstate</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libarchive</tt> (ËÁË É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÁÑ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ISO (Ó ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ
+RockRidge) É Á̉ÈÉ×Ï× ZIP (ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÅÍ <tt class="LITERAL">deflate</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">none</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libgpib</tt>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ GPIB (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii) ̃Å̉ÅÚ <code
+class="FUNCTION">ib<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>foo</i></tt></code> API.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÂÙ̀É ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ ÉÚ
+HEAD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=math&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">math</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ. ÷ ÉÈ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ×ÈÏÄÑÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ceill&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ceill</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=floorl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">floorl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ilogbl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ilogbl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fma&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fma</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lrint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lround&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lround</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËƠ'', ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÍÙÛÉ Đ̉É ÎÁÖÁÔÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏĐËÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉Đ̉ÅÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ËÁË Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËÁ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <code
+class="OPTION">-V</code>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÚÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ, ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÅÍ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ø <tt
+class="USERNAME">bind</tt> (Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÖỞÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÚÏÎÙ). âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ ÆÁỀÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">named.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-n</code> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.snap</tt> ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ × ĐÁÍÑÔÉ É̀É ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏẨÁÚÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×ÙÄÁÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É̀É UFS2, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ. ôÁËÁÑ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ × Ó̀ỠÁÅ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ẦÏËÁÍÉ ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <tt class="LITERAL">NO_NIS</tt>. ëÁË
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÅÔ ÉÚ ÅÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ NIS ÉÚ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ NIS ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncal&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncal</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-m</code> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁ̀ÅÎÄÁ̉Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
+ÍÅÓÑĂÁ × ÔÅËƠƯÅÍ ÇÏÄƠ.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ Ó̃ÅỖÉËÏ× ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÚÁẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a>
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">echo</code>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ LCP ECHO
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ LQR. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÑÔ
+× ̉ÅÖÉÍ LCP ECHO ÅÓ̀É ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ lqr ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ƠÓĐÅÛÎÏ Đ̉Ï×ÅÄÅÎÏ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÔÁËÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <tt class="COMMAND">enable echo</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÍƠ ÏÔ×ÅÔƠ CBCP, ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÀƯÅÍƠ Microsoft PPP Callback Control
+Protocol section 3.2.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÎÏ×Á ÍÏÖÅÔ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÄÁÍĐÙ FreeBSD ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-I</code>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ (ÏÄÎÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ)
+ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ̉ÅËỞÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ× É̀É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 3 ÆÁỀÏ×,
+ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÏ×ƯÉË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÍÅƯÁÀƯÉÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <code
+class="VARNAME">LD_LIBMAP</code>. üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strftime&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">strftime</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ GNU ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt> (ÂÅÚ
+ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), <tt class="LITERAL">_</tt> (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÂÅ̀ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), É <tt
+class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ÎỜÑÍÉ).</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÓÏËÅÔ (<tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Ó Đ̉Á×ÁÍÉ <tt class="LITERAL">0600</tt> Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂƠÆÅ̉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ DoS ÁÔÁËÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ <code class="OPTION">-S</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ĐƠÔØ
+Ë Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÏËÅÔƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ĐÏ̀ỠÁ̀
+ËÁËÉÅ-̀ÉÂÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× (ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/log</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">%</tt> × ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ. üÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ × ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ É
+scope ID IPv6.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> <code
+class="OPTION">-netstat</code> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎ Ä̀Ñ IPv6.</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdrop&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdrop</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁË̉Ù×ÁÀƯÁÑ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ TCP. ïÎÁ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-k</code> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <tt
+class="HOSTID">whois.krnic.net</tt> (the National Internet Development Agency of Korea),
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ × ëÏ̉ÅÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hosts</span>(5)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=services&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">services</span>(5)</span></a> É
+ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÚÁËÁÎ̃É×Á̀ÉÓØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ifconfig_fxp0_name="net0"
+ifconfig_net0="inet 10.0.0.1/16"
+</pre>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ <code class="VARNAME">tmpmfs_flags</code> É <code
+class="VARNAME">varmfs_flags</code>. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ/×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ softupdates, ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.6.1 ÄÏ 0.6.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">netcat</b> ÉÚ OpenBSD ÏÔ 4 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2005
+ÇÏÄÁ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×ËÉ ĐÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.9.7d ÄÏ 0.9.7e.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ timezone ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004e</b> ÄÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004g</b>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">ports/INDEX<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt></tt>, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ CVS. üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ
+ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉Ï×Á̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ, É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÂÙ̀ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÍ É ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×Á̀
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>),
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ËÏĐÉÀ Ä×ƠÍÑ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÆÁỀ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ÄÅ̉Å×Á ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt
+class="COMMAND">make index</tt> ÉÚ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>úÁẨÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt class="COMMAND">make fetchindex</tt> ÉÚ
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>. üÔÏÔ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ËÁË
+Đ̉Á×É̀Ï) ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ ÄÎÑ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD, CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc1</tt>
+ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÍ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ. CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ``fix it'' ÄÉÓËÏÍ Ó live filesystem, É ÂÙ̀ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÓÂÏÅ×. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ia64, ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">disc1</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É live filesystem,
+̃ÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ËÁË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÔÁË É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÓÂÏÅ×. (îÁ
+ia64, live filesystem ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÎÅ ƠÍÅƯÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ).
+đÁËÅÔÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË; × ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÏÂƯÅÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ-Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 2.6.2
+ÄÏ 2.10. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × FreeBSD
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/" target="_top">FreeBSD
+GNOME Project</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ Ë ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÏÓÔÏ̉ÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ. đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html</a> É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/gnome_upgrade.sh" target="_top"><tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt></a> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.10.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 3.3.0 ÄÏ 3.4.0.
+âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> × FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE × FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b>
+Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE on FreeBSD</a> ÉÄÉ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 6.7.0 ÄÏ
+6.8.2.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× RFC, É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁ̀É IETF ËÏĐÉ̉ÁÊÔ, ÂÙ̀É ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gai_strerror&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gai_strerror</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnameinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnameinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_opt_init&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_opt_init</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_option_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_option_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rth_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rth_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rthdr_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rthdr_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp6</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ
+ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">MIGRATE5.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó
+FreeBSD 4.X, ÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes-amd64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes-amd64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be4265ca24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes-amd64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,931 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/amd64 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/amd64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.10.2.5 2005/05/06 18:57:44 hrs Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ
+ÍÁ̉ËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ,
+É̀É ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN23" name="AEN23"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.3-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
+Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN293">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ AMD64. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.3-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ HTTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ỠÁÓÔËÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎƠÀ DoS ÁÔÁËƠ ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ TELNET ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÂƠÆÅ̉Á. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ TELNET É̀É ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍƠ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ × ÓÅÔÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ
+ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÄ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ×ÛÅÇÏ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÅ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ × FreeBSD/amd64. ïÛÉÂËÁ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀Á
+ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ĐÏ̀ỠÁÔØ Đ̉ÑÍÏÊ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ,
+ÄÏÓÔƠĐ Ë ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÍƠ ÎÅ ÍÏÇ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÇÏ ỞÏ×ÎÑ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÊ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:03.amd64.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:03.amd64</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a>,
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÏÄ×Å̉ÇÁ̀ÉÓØ ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ 12 ÂÁÊÔ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ CVS. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.chflags_allowed</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÎƠỔÉ jail. åÓ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ×ÎƠỔÉ jail <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt>, ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> ×ÎƠỔÉ jail É ×ÎÅ jail ÎÅ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafevm</code> ÂÙ̀Á ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ × Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÅ ULE.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̀Ñ ÇÉÂËÏÇÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. ïÎÁ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ CPU ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpufreq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpufreq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ËÁ̉Ô GPIB-PCIIA IEEE-488.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ USB Communication Device Class Ethernet Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdce&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdce</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎÆ̀ÉËÔÏ×Á̀Á Ó
+promiscuous ̉ÅÖÉÍÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ĐÏÔÏËÁ Ethernet ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ -- ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎ×Å̉ÔÅ̉ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ× <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÉÎÁ̉ÎÙÅ ÆÁỀÙ <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>(R)/x86-64 ÎÁ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ amd64.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ device polling É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+Đ̉ÏÑ×̀Ñ̀ÉÓØ ÎÁ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, É ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ, ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ page fault, ÏẨÙ×Ơ
+ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ SSH É̀É ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ Đ̉É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å ÆÁỀÏ×. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÏÔ
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ jumbo Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ ÎÁ Yukon-based ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>MTU feedback × IPv6 ×ÙË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+Æ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP). CARP ÂÙ̀ ×ÚÑÔ ÉÚ OpenBSD É
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃É×ÁÔØ
+×ÙÓÏËƠÀ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">carp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</code>=<tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> (ÜÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ̉Á×ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ) ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+Đ̉Á×É̀ <tt class="LITERAL">gid</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">jail</tt>, É/É̀É <tt
+class="LITERAL">uid</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt
+class="LITERAL">ipfw fwd</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ĐÁËÅÔÁ
+Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</tt>
+× ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</tt>. üÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á ƠÓỔÁÎÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇỞÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÁËËỞÁÔÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÎÅ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÉÔØ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PMTU.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipnat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipnat</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ-TCP/UDP ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ ÓÔÅËÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ï× É ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÁÔÅÇÉÉ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ ƠÚÅ̀ NetGraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_netflow&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_netflow</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ơ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÍƠ ĐÏÄ FreeBSD, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô NetFlow ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+5.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Frame Relay</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ TCP, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× RST Đ̉É
+ÏËÎÅ Đ̉ÉÅÍÁ × ÎÏ̀Ø ÂÁÊÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ TCP SACK.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ KAME IPv4 IPsec, ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ × FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+TCP-MD5.</p>
+
+<p>á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ``Random ephemeral port number allocation'' Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ Ó
+ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÊ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø × ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÙ,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ, ̃ÅÍ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps</code> × ÓÅËƠÎÄƠ, ̉ÁÎÄÏÍÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomtime</code> ÓÅËƠÎÄ. úÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ÜÔÉÈ Ä×ƠÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl ̉Á×ÎÙ <tt class="LITERAL">10</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">45</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptmv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hptmv</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ HighPoint RocketRAID 182x series.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÁÍĐÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÈ ServeRAID.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ë̀ÁÓÓ SHSEC GEOM. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÏÇÏ Ë̀À̃Á
+(``secret'') ÍÅÖÄƠ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉ÁÍÉ GEOM. ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÙÊ Ë̀À̃. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gshsec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gshsec</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ×ÎÏ×Ø ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ cd9660 (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ RockRidge) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÑÄ̉Ï ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÏẨÁÎÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ
+verbose. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á (ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÎÅÎƠÖÎÙÈ)
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>÷Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠÍÍÁ̉ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ (``dirty'') ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É UFS2 ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, Á ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>. üÔÏ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Đ̉É ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+ÓÂÏÑ. đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount</code> × ÎÅÎỜÅ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ ÑÄ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN293" name="AEN293">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 20040527 ÄÏ 20041119.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÏÄÙ ÓÔÁÔƠÓÁ <tt class="LITERAL">212</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">213</tt> Ä̀Ñ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ É ÆÁỀÁ (× Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ÓÑ ËÏÄ <tt
+class="LITERAL">211</tt>). üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 959.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ DNS <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÍÉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ËÏÇÄÁ ƠËÁÚÁÎ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNSPEC</tt>. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ DNS
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ù ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÀÔ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ
+ÎÅÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ <tt class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÔØ <tt
+class="LITERAL">NOERROR</tt> Ó ĐƠÓÔÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ä̀Ñ Ä×ÏÊÎÏÇÏ IPv4/IPv6 ÓÔÅËÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt> Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÉÔØ
+ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt>. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÔÁËÏÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë DoS ÁÔÁËÅ (ÓÍ. <a href="http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121"
+target="_top">http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ).
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ, ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÅÍÙÊ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_INET6</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AF_INET</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <tt class="LITERAL">create</tt> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ GPT ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ MBR.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ gvinum(8) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓƠÂËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">checkparity</tt>,
+<tt class="COMMAND">rebuildparity</tt> É <tt class="COMMAND">setstate</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libarchive</tt> (ËÁË É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÁÑ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ISO (Ó ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ
+RockRidge) É Á̉ÈÉ×Ï× ZIP (ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÅÍ <tt class="LITERAL">deflate</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">none</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libgpib</tt>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ GPIB (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii) ̃Å̉ÅÚ <code
+class="FUNCTION">ib<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>foo</i></tt></code> API.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÂÙ̀É ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ ÉÚ
+HEAD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=math&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">math</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ. ÷ ÉÈ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ×ÈÏÄÑÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ceill&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ceill</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=floorl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">floorl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ilogbl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ilogbl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fma&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fma</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lrint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lround&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lround</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËƠ'', ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÍÙÛÉ Đ̉É ÎÁÖÁÔÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏĐËÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉Đ̉ÅÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ËÁË Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËÁ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <code
+class="OPTION">-V</code>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÚÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ, ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÅÍ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ø <tt
+class="USERNAME">bind</tt> (Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÖỞÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÚÏÎÙ). âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ ÆÁỀÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">named.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-n</code> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.snap</tt> ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ × ĐÁÍÑÔÉ É̀É ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏẨÁÚÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×ÙÄÁÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É̀É UFS2, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ. ôÁËÁÑ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ × Ó̀ỠÁÅ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ẦÏËÁÍÉ ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <tt class="LITERAL">NO_NIS</tt>. ëÁË
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÅÔ ÉÚ ÅÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ NIS ÉÚ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ NIS ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncal&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncal</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-m</code> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁ̀ÅÎÄÁ̉Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
+ÍÅÓÑĂÁ × ÔÅËƠƯÅÍ ÇÏÄƠ.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ Ó̃ÅỖÉËÏ× ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÚÁẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a>
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">echo</code>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ LCP ECHO
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ LQR. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÑÔ
+× ̉ÅÖÉÍ LCP ECHO ÅÓ̀É ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ lqr ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ƠÓĐÅÛÎÏ Đ̉Ï×ÅÄÅÎÏ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÔÁËÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <tt class="COMMAND">enable echo</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÍƠ ÏÔ×ÅÔƠ CBCP, ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÀƯÅÍƠ Microsoft PPP Callback Control
+Protocol section 3.2.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÎÏ×Á ÍÏÖÅÔ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÄÁÍĐÙ FreeBSD ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-I</code>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ (ÏÄÎÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ)
+ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ̉ÅËỞÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ× É̀É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 3 ÆÁỀÏ×,
+ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÏ×ƯÉË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÍÅƯÁÀƯÉÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <code
+class="VARNAME">LD_LIBMAP</code>. üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strftime&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">strftime</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ GNU ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt> (ÂÅÚ
+ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), <tt class="LITERAL">_</tt> (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÂÅ̀ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), É <tt
+class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ÎỜÑÍÉ).</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÓÏËÅÔ (<tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Ó Đ̉Á×ÁÍÉ <tt class="LITERAL">0600</tt> Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂƠÆÅ̉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ DoS ÁÔÁËÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ <code class="OPTION">-S</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ĐƠÔØ
+Ë Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÏËÅÔƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ĐÏ̀ỠÁ̀
+ËÁËÉÅ-̀ÉÂÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× (ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/log</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">%</tt> × ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ. üÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ × ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ É
+scope ID IPv6.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> <code
+class="OPTION">-netstat</code> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎ Ä̀Ñ IPv6.</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdrop&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdrop</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁË̉Ù×ÁÀƯÁÑ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ TCP. ïÎÁ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-k</code> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <tt
+class="HOSTID">whois.krnic.net</tt> (the National Internet Development Agency of Korea),
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ × ëÏ̉ÅÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hosts</span>(5)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=services&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">services</span>(5)</span></a> É
+ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÚÁËÁÎ̃É×Á̀ÉÓØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ifconfig_fxp0_name="net0"
+ifconfig_net0="inet 10.0.0.1/16"
+</pre>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ <code class="VARNAME">tmpmfs_flags</code> É <code
+class="VARNAME">varmfs_flags</code>. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ/×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ softupdates, ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.6.1 ÄÏ 0.6.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">netcat</b> ÉÚ OpenBSD ÏÔ 4 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2005
+ÇÏÄÁ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×ËÉ ĐÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.9.7d ÄÏ 0.9.7e.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ timezone ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004e</b> ÄÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004g</b>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">ports/INDEX<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt></tt>, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ CVS. üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ
+ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉Ï×Á̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ, É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÂÙ̀ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÍ É ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×Á̀
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>),
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ËÏĐÉÀ Ä×ƠÍÑ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÆÁỀ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ÄÅ̉Å×Á ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt
+class="COMMAND">make index</tt> ÉÚ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>úÁẨÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt class="COMMAND">make fetchindex</tt> ÉÚ
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>. üÔÏÔ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ËÁË
+Đ̉Á×É̀Ï) ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ ÄÎÑ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD, CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc1</tt>
+ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÍ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ. CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ``fix it'' ÄÉÓËÏÍ Ó live filesystem, É ÂÙ̀ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÓÂÏÅ×. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ia64, ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">disc1</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É live filesystem,
+̃ÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ËÁË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÔÁË É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÓÂÏÅ×. (îÁ
+ia64, live filesystem ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÎÅ ƠÍÅƯÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ).
+đÁËÅÔÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË; × ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÏÂƯÅÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ-Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 2.6.2
+ÄÏ 2.10. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × FreeBSD
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/" target="_top">FreeBSD
+GNOME Project</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ Ë ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÏÓÔÏ̉ÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ. đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html</a> É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/gnome_upgrade.sh" target="_top"><tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt></a> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.10.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 3.3.0 ÄÏ 3.4.0.
+âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> × FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE × FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b>
+Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE on FreeBSD</a> ÉÄÉ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 6.7.0 ÄÏ
+6.8.2.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× RFC, É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁ̀É IETF ËÏĐÉ̉ÁÊÔ, ÂÙ̀É ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gai_strerror&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gai_strerror</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnameinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnameinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_opt_init&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_opt_init</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_option_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_option_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rth_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rth_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rthdr_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rthdr_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp6</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ
+ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">MIGRATE5.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó
+FreeBSD 4.X, ÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/i386 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/i386
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.10.2.5 2005/05/06 18:57:44 hrs Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ
+ÍÁ̉ËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ,
+É̀É ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN23" name="AEN23"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.3-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
+Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN293">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ i386. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="../../../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="../../../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.3-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ HTTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ỠÁÓÔËÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎƠÀ DoS ÁÔÁËƠ ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ TELNET ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÂƠÆÅ̉Á. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ TELNET É̀É ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍƠ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ × ÓÅÔÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ
+ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÄ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ×ÛÅÇÏ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a>,
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÏÄ×Å̉ÇÁ̀ÉÓØ ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ 12 ÂÁÊÔ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ CVS. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.chflags_allowed</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÎƠỔÉ jail. åÓ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ×ÎƠỔÉ jail <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt>, ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> ×ÎƠỔÉ jail É ×ÎÅ jail ÎÅ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>đÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÁ <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafevm</code> ÂÙ̀Á ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÁ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ × Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÅ ULE.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÅ Inter-Processor Interrupt (IPI), ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á
+×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ Ë̉ÁÈ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏÄ ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÏÊ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎÁ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:03.ipi.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:03.ipi</a>. [MERGED]</p>
+
+<p>÷ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ä̀Ñ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ PCI ÍÏÓÔÏ× ÂÙ̀Ï ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÏ ÄÏ 32MB RAM. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ
+ÍÏÓÔÙ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀÔ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÁĐÁÚÏÎÁ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ
+Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ, ĐÁÍÑÔØ ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÅ ×ÙÄÅ̀ÅÎÁ BIOS. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÛÉÂËƠ ``bad
+Vcc'' ÍÏÓÔÏ× CardBus (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pccbb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pccbb</span>(4)</span></a>).</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̀Ñ ÇÉÂËÏÇÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. ïÎÁ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ CPU ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpufreq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpufreq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ËÁ̉Ô GPIB-PCIIA IEEE-488.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ USB Communication Device Class Ethernet Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdce&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdce</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎÆ̀ÉËÔÏ×Á̀Á Ó
+promiscuous ̉ÅÖÉÍÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ĐÏÔÏËÁ Ethernet ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ -- ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ device polling É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+Đ̉ÏÑ×̀Ñ̀ÉÓØ ÎÁ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, É ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ, ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ page fault, ÏẨÙ×Ơ
+ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ SSH É̀É ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ Đ̉É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å ÆÁỀÏ×. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÏÔ
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ jumbo Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ ÎÁ Yukon-based ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>MTU feedback × IPv6 ×ÙË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+Æ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP). CARP ÂÙ̀ ×ÚÑÔ ÉÚ OpenBSD É
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃É×ÁÔØ
+×ÙÓÏËƠÀ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">carp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</code>=<tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> (ÜÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ̉Á×ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ) ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+Đ̉Á×É̀ <tt class="LITERAL">gid</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">jail</tt>, É/É̀É <tt
+class="LITERAL">uid</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt
+class="LITERAL">ipfw fwd</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ĐÁËÅÔÁ
+Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</tt>
+× ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</tt>. üÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á ƠÓỔÁÎÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇỞÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÁËËỞÁÔÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÎÅ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÉÔØ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PMTU.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipnat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipnat</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ-TCP/UDP ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ ÓÔÅËÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ï× É ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÁÔÅÇÉÉ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ ƠÚÅ̀ NetGraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_netflow&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_netflow</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ơ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÍƠ ĐÏÄ FreeBSD, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô NetFlow ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+5.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Frame Relay</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ TCP, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× RST Đ̉É
+ÏËÎÅ Đ̉ÉÅÍÁ × ÎÏ̀Ø ÂÁÊÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ TCP SACK.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ KAME IPv4 IPsec, ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ × FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+TCP-MD5.</p>
+
+<p>á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ``Random ephemeral port number allocation'' Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ Ó
+ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÊ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø × ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÙ,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ, ̃ÅÍ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps</code> × ÓÅËƠÎÄƠ, ̉ÁÎÄÏÍÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomtime</code> ÓÅËƠÎÄ. úÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ÜÔÉÈ Ä×ƠÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl ̉Á×ÎÙ <tt class="LITERAL">10</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">45</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arcmsr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arcmsr</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù SATA RAID ÓÅ̉ÉÊ Areca ARC-11<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>xx</i></tt> É ARC-12<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>xx</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptmv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hptmv</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ HighPoint RocketRAID 182x series.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÁÍĐÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÈ ServeRAID.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ë̀ÁÓÓ SHSEC GEOM. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÏÇÏ Ë̀À̃Á
+(``secret'') ÍÅÖÄƠ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉ÁÍÉ GEOM. ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÙÊ Ë̀À̃. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gshsec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gshsec</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ×ÎÏ×Ø ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ cd9660 (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ RockRidge) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÑÄ̉Ï ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÏẨÁÎÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ
+verbose. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á (ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÎÅÎƠÖÎÙÈ)
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>÷Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠÍÍÁ̉ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ (``dirty'') ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É UFS2 ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, Á ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>. üÔÏ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Đ̉É ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+ÓÂÏÑ. đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount</code> × ÎÅÎỜÅ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ ÑÄ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN293" name="AEN293">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 20040527 ÄÏ 20041119.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÏÄÙ ÓÔÁÔƠÓÁ <tt class="LITERAL">212</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">213</tt> Ä̀Ñ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ É ÆÁỀÁ (× Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ÓÑ ËÏÄ <tt
+class="LITERAL">211</tt>). üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 959.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ DNS <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÍÉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ËÏÇÄÁ ƠËÁÚÁÎ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNSPEC</tt>. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ DNS
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ù ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÀÔ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ
+ÎÅÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ <tt class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÔØ <tt
+class="LITERAL">NOERROR</tt> Ó ĐƠÓÔÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ä̀Ñ Ä×ÏÊÎÏÇÏ IPv4/IPv6 ÓÔÅËÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt> Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÉÔØ
+ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt>. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÔÁËÏÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë DoS ÁÔÁËÅ (ÓÍ. <a href="http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121"
+target="_top">http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ).
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ, ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÅÍÙÊ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_INET6</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AF_INET</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <tt class="LITERAL">create</tt> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ GPT ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ MBR.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ gvinum(8) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓƠÂËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">checkparity</tt>,
+<tt class="COMMAND">rebuildparity</tt> É <tt class="COMMAND">setstate</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libarchive</tt> (ËÁË É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÁÑ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ISO (Ó ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ
+RockRidge) É Á̉ÈÉ×Ï× ZIP (ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÅÍ <tt class="LITERAL">deflate</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">none</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libgpib</tt>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ GPIB (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii) ̃Å̉ÅÚ <code
+class="FUNCTION">ib<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>foo</i></tt></code> API.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÂÙ̀É ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ ÉÚ
+HEAD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=math&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">math</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ. ÷ ÉÈ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ×ÈÏÄÑÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ceill&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ceill</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=floorl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">floorl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ilogbl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ilogbl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fma&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fma</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lrint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lround&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lround</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÎÅ-GPL ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkuzip&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mkuzip</span>(8)</span></a>, Ä̀Ñ
+ÓÖÁÔÉÑ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ Ó ÍÏÄỜÅÍ <tt
+class="LITERAL">GEOM_UZIP</tt> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">geom</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËƠ'', ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÍÙÛÉ Đ̉É ÎÁÖÁÔÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏĐËÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉Đ̉ÅÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ËÁË Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËÁ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <code
+class="OPTION">-V</code>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÚÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ, ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÅÍ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ø <tt
+class="USERNAME">bind</tt> (Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÖỞÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÚÏÎÙ). âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ ÆÁỀÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">named.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-n</code> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.snap</tt> ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ × ĐÁÍÑÔÉ É̀É ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏẨÁÚÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×ÙÄÁÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É̀É UFS2, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ. ôÁËÁÑ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ × Ó̀ỠÁÅ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ẦÏËÁÍÉ ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <tt class="LITERAL">NO_NIS</tt>. ëÁË
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÅÔ ÉÚ ÅÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ NIS ÉÚ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ NIS ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncal&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncal</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-m</code> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁ̀ÅÎÄÁ̉Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
+ÍÅÓÑĂÁ × ÔÅËƠƯÅÍ ÇÏÄƠ.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ Ó̃ÅỖÉËÏ× ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÚÁẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a>
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">echo</code>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ LCP ECHO
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ LQR. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÑÔ
+× ̉ÅÖÉÍ LCP ECHO ÅÓ̀É ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ lqr ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ƠÓĐÅÛÎÏ Đ̉Ï×ÅÄÅÎÏ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÔÁËÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <tt class="COMMAND">enable echo</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÍƠ ÏÔ×ÅÔƠ CBCP, ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÀƯÅÍƠ Microsoft PPP Callback Control
+Protocol section 3.2.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÎÏ×Á ÍÏÖÅÔ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÄÁÍĐÙ FreeBSD ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-I</code>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ (ÏÄÎÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ)
+ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ̉ÅËỞÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ× É̀É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 3 ÆÁỀÏ×,
+ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÏ×ƯÉË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÍÅƯÁÀƯÉÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <code
+class="VARNAME">LD_LIBMAP</code>. üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strftime&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">strftime</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ GNU ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt> (ÂÅÚ
+ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), <tt class="LITERAL">_</tt> (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÂÅ̀ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), É <tt
+class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ÎỜÑÍÉ).</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÓÏËÅÔ (<tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Ó Đ̉Á×ÁÍÉ <tt class="LITERAL">0600</tt> Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂƠÆÅ̉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ DoS ÁÔÁËÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ <code class="OPTION">-S</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ĐƠÔØ
+Ë Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÏËÅÔƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ĐÏ̀ỠÁ̀
+ËÁËÉÅ-̀ÉÂÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× (ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/log</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">%</tt> × ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ. üÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ × ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ É
+scope ID IPv6.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> <code
+class="OPTION">-netstat</code> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎ Ä̀Ñ IPv6.</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdrop&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdrop</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁË̉Ù×ÁÀƯÁÑ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ TCP. ïÎÁ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-k</code> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <tt
+class="HOSTID">whois.krnic.net</tt> (the National Internet Development Agency of Korea),
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ × ëÏ̉ÅÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hosts</span>(5)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=services&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">services</span>(5)</span></a> É
+ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÚÁËÁÎ̃É×Á̀ÉÓØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ifconfig_fxp0_name="net0"
+ifconfig_net0="inet 10.0.0.1/16"
+</pre>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ <code class="VARNAME">tmpmfs_flags</code> É <code
+class="VARNAME">varmfs_flags</code>. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ/×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ softupdates, ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.6.1 ÄÏ 0.6.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">netcat</b> ÉÚ OpenBSD ÏÔ 4 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2005
+ÇÏÄÁ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×ËÉ ĐÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.9.7d ÄÏ 0.9.7e.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ timezone ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004e</b> ÄÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004g</b>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">ports/INDEX<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt></tt>, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ CVS. üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ
+ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉Ï×Á̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ, É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÂÙ̀ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÍ É ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×Á̀
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>),
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ËÏĐÉÀ Ä×ƠÍÑ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÆÁỀ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ÄÅ̉Å×Á ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt
+class="COMMAND">make index</tt> ÉÚ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>úÁẨÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt class="COMMAND">make fetchindex</tt> ÉÚ
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>. üÔÏÔ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ËÁË
+Đ̉Á×É̀Ï) ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ ÄÎÑ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD, CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc1</tt>
+ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÍ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ. CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ``fix it'' ÄÉÓËÏÍ Ó live filesystem, É ÂÙ̀ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÓÂÏÅ×. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ia64, ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">disc1</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É live filesystem,
+̃ÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ËÁË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÔÁË É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÓÂÏÅ×. (îÁ
+ia64, live filesystem ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÎÅ ƠÍÅƯÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ).
+đÁËÅÔÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË; × ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÏÂƯÅÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ-Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 2.6.2
+ÄÏ 2.10. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × FreeBSD
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="../../../../../gnome/" target="_top">FreeBSD GNOME
+Project</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ Ë ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÏÓÔÏ̉ÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ. đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a
+href="../../../../../gnome/docs/faq210.html"
+target="_top">../../../../../gnome/docs/faq210.html</a> É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <a
+href="../../../../../gnome/gnome_upgrade.sh" target="_top"><tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt></a> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.10.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 3.3.0 ÄÏ 3.4.0.
+âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> × FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE × FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b>
+Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE on FreeBSD</a> ÉÄÉ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 6.7.0 ÄÏ
+6.8.2.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× RFC, É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁ̀É IETF ËÏĐÉ̉ÁÊÔ, ÂÙ̀É ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gai_strerror&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gai_strerror</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnameinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnameinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_opt_init&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_opt_init</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_option_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_option_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rth_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rth_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rthdr_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rthdr_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp6</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ
+ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">MIGRATE5.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó
+FreeBSD 4.X, ÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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new file mode 100644
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/ia64 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/ia64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.10.2.5 2005/05/06 18:57:44 hrs Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ
+ÍÁ̉ËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ,
+É̀É ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN23" name="AEN23"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.3-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
+Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN293">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ IA-64. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ
+FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.3-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ HTTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ỠÁÓÔËÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎƠÀ DoS ÁÔÁËƠ ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ TELNET ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÂƠÆÅ̉Á. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ TELNET É̀É ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍƠ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ × ÓÅÔÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ
+ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÄ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ×ÛÅÇÏ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a>,
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÏÄ×Å̉ÇÁ̀ÉÓØ ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ 12 ÂÁÊÔ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ CVS. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.chflags_allowed</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÎƠỔÉ jail. åÓ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ×ÎƠỔÉ jail <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt>, ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> ×ÎƠỔÉ jail É ×ÎÅ jail ÎÅ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ × Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÅ ULE.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̀Ñ ÇÉÂËÏÇÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. ïÎÁ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ CPU ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpufreq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpufreq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ËÁ̉Ô GPIB-PCIIA IEEE-488.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ USB Communication Device Class Ethernet Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdce&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdce</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎÆ̀ÉËÔÏ×Á̀Á Ó
+promiscuous ̉ÅÖÉÍÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ĐÏÔÏËÁ Ethernet ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ -- ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ device polling É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+Đ̉ÏÑ×̀Ñ̀ÉÓØ ÎÁ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, É ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ, ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ page fault, ÏẨÙ×Ơ
+ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ SSH É̀É ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ Đ̉É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å ÆÁỀÏ×. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÏÔ
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ jumbo Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ ÎÁ Yukon-based ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>MTU feedback × IPv6 ×ÙË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+Æ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP). CARP ÂÙ̀ ×ÚÑÔ ÉÚ OpenBSD É
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃É×ÁÔØ
+×ÙÓÏËƠÀ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">carp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</code>=<tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> (ÜÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ̉Á×ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ) ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+Đ̉Á×É̀ <tt class="LITERAL">gid</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">jail</tt>, É/É̀É <tt
+class="LITERAL">uid</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt
+class="LITERAL">ipfw fwd</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ĐÁËÅÔÁ
+Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</tt>
+× ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</tt>. üÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á ƠÓỔÁÎÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇỞÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÁËËỞÁÔÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÎÅ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÉÔØ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PMTU.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipnat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipnat</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ-TCP/UDP ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ ÓÔÅËÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ï× É ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÁÔÅÇÉÉ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ ƠÚÅ̀ NetGraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_netflow&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_netflow</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ơ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÍƠ ĐÏÄ FreeBSD, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô NetFlow ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+5.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Frame Relay</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ TCP, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× RST Đ̉É
+ÏËÎÅ Đ̉ÉÅÍÁ × ÎÏ̀Ø ÂÁÊÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ TCP SACK.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ KAME IPv4 IPsec, ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ × FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+TCP-MD5.</p>
+
+<p>á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ``Random ephemeral port number allocation'' Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ Ó
+ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÊ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø × ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÙ,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ, ̃ÅÍ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps</code> × ÓÅËƠÎÄƠ, ̉ÁÎÄÏÍÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomtime</code> ÓÅËƠÎÄ. úÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ÜÔÉÈ Ä×ƠÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl ̉Á×ÎÙ <tt class="LITERAL">10</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">45</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arcmsr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arcmsr</span>(4)</span></a>. ïÎ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Ù SATA RAID ÓÅ̉ÉÊ Areca ARC-11<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>xx</i></tt> É ARC-12<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>xx</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptmv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hptmv</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ HighPoint RocketRAID 182x series.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÁÍĐÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÈ ServeRAID.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ë̀ÁÓÓ SHSEC GEOM. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÏÇÏ Ë̀À̃Á
+(``secret'') ÍÅÖÄƠ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉ÁÍÉ GEOM. ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÙÊ Ë̀À̃. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gshsec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gshsec</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ×ÎÏ×Ø ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ cd9660 (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ RockRidge) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÑÄ̉Ï ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÏẨÁÎÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ
+verbose. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á (ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÎÅÎƠÖÎÙÈ)
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>÷Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠÍÍÁ̉ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ (``dirty'') ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É UFS2 ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, Á ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>. üÔÏ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Đ̉É ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+ÓÂÏÑ. đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount</code> × ÎÅÎỜÅ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ ÑÄ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN293" name="AEN293">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 20040527 ÄÏ 20041119.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÏÄÙ ÓÔÁÔƠÓÁ <tt class="LITERAL">212</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">213</tt> Ä̀Ñ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ É ÆÁỀÁ (× Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ÓÑ ËÏÄ <tt
+class="LITERAL">211</tt>). üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 959.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ DNS <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÍÉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ËÏÇÄÁ ƠËÁÚÁÎ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNSPEC</tt>. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ DNS
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ù ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÀÔ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ
+ÎÅÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ <tt class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÔØ <tt
+class="LITERAL">NOERROR</tt> Ó ĐƠÓÔÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ä̀Ñ Ä×ÏÊÎÏÇÏ IPv4/IPv6 ÓÔÅËÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt> Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÉÔØ
+ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt>. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÔÁËÏÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë DoS ÁÔÁËÅ (ÓÍ. <a href="http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121"
+target="_top">http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ).
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ, ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÅÍÙÊ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_INET6</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AF_INET</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <tt class="LITERAL">create</tt> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ GPT ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ MBR.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ gvinum(8) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓƠÂËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">checkparity</tt>,
+<tt class="COMMAND">rebuildparity</tt> É <tt class="COMMAND">setstate</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libarchive</tt> (ËÁË É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÁÑ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ISO (Ó ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ
+RockRidge) É Á̉ÈÉ×Ï× ZIP (ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÅÍ <tt class="LITERAL">deflate</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">none</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libgpib</tt>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ GPIB (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii) ̃Å̉ÅÚ <code
+class="FUNCTION">ib<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>foo</i></tt></code> API.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÂÙ̀É ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ ÉÚ
+HEAD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=math&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">math</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ. ÷ ÉÈ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ×ÈÏÄÑÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ceill&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ceill</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=floorl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">floorl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ilogbl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ilogbl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fma&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fma</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lrint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lround&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lround</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËƠ'', ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÍÙÛÉ Đ̉É ÎÁÖÁÔÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏĐËÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉Đ̉ÅÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ËÁË Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËÁ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <code
+class="OPTION">-V</code>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÚÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ, ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÅÍ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ø <tt
+class="USERNAME">bind</tt> (Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÖỞÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÚÏÎÙ). âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ ÆÁỀÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">named.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-n</code> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.snap</tt> ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ × ĐÁÍÑÔÉ É̀É ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏẨÁÚÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×ÙÄÁÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É̀É UFS2, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ. ôÁËÁÑ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ × Ó̀ỠÁÅ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ẦÏËÁÍÉ ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <tt class="LITERAL">NO_NIS</tt>. ëÁË
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÅÔ ÉÚ ÅÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ NIS ÉÚ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ NIS ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncal&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncal</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-m</code> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁ̀ÅÎÄÁ̉Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
+ÍÅÓÑĂÁ × ÔÅËƠƯÅÍ ÇÏÄƠ.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ Ó̃ÅỖÉËÏ× ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÚÁẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a>
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">echo</code>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ LCP ECHO
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ LQR. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÑÔ
+× ̉ÅÖÉÍ LCP ECHO ÅÓ̀É ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ lqr ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ƠÓĐÅÛÎÏ Đ̉Ï×ÅÄÅÎÏ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÔÁËÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <tt class="COMMAND">enable echo</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÍƠ ÏÔ×ÅÔƠ CBCP, ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÀƯÅÍƠ Microsoft PPP Callback Control
+Protocol section 3.2.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÎÏ×Á ÍÏÖÅÔ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÄÁÍĐÙ FreeBSD ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-I</code>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ (ÏÄÎÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ)
+ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ̉ÅËỞÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ× É̀É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 3 ÆÁỀÏ×,
+ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÏ×ƯÉË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÍÅƯÁÀƯÉÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <code
+class="VARNAME">LD_LIBMAP</code>. üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strftime&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">strftime</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ GNU ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt> (ÂÅÚ
+ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), <tt class="LITERAL">_</tt> (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÂÅ̀ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), É <tt
+class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ÎỜÑÍÉ).</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÓÏËÅÔ (<tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Ó Đ̉Á×ÁÍÉ <tt class="LITERAL">0600</tt> Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂƠÆÅ̉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ DoS ÁÔÁËÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ <code class="OPTION">-S</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ĐƠÔØ
+Ë Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÏËÅÔƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ĐÏ̀ỠÁ̀
+ËÁËÉÅ-̀ÉÂÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× (ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/log</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">%</tt> × ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ. üÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ × ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ É
+scope ID IPv6.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> <code
+class="OPTION">-netstat</code> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎ Ä̀Ñ IPv6.</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdrop&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdrop</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁË̉Ù×ÁÀƯÁÑ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ TCP. ïÎÁ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-k</code> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <tt
+class="HOSTID">whois.krnic.net</tt> (the National Internet Development Agency of Korea),
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ × ëÏ̉ÅÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hosts</span>(5)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=services&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">services</span>(5)</span></a> É
+ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÚÁËÁÎ̃É×Á̀ÉÓØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ifconfig_fxp0_name="net0"
+ifconfig_net0="inet 10.0.0.1/16"
+</pre>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ <code class="VARNAME">tmpmfs_flags</code> É <code
+class="VARNAME">varmfs_flags</code>. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ/×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ softupdates, ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.6.1 ÄÏ 0.6.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">netcat</b> ÉÚ OpenBSD ÏÔ 4 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2005
+ÇÏÄÁ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×ËÉ ĐÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.9.7d ÄÏ 0.9.7e.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ timezone ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004e</b> ÄÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004g</b>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">ports/INDEX<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt></tt>, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ CVS. üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ
+ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉Ï×Á̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ, É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÂÙ̀ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÍ É ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×Á̀
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>),
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ËÏĐÉÀ Ä×ƠÍÑ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÆÁỀ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ÄÅ̉Å×Á ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt
+class="COMMAND">make index</tt> ÉÚ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>úÁẨÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt class="COMMAND">make fetchindex</tt> ÉÚ
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>. üÔÏÔ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ËÁË
+Đ̉Á×É̀Ï) ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ ÄÎÑ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD, CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc1</tt>
+ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÍ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ. CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ``fix it'' ÄÉÓËÏÍ Ó live filesystem, É ÂÙ̀ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÓÂÏÅ×. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ia64, ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">disc1</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É live filesystem,
+̃ÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ËÁË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÔÁË É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÓÂÏÅ×. (îÁ
+ia64, live filesystem ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÎÅ ƠÍÅƯÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ).
+đÁËÅÔÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË; × ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÏÂƯÅÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ-Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 2.6.2
+ÄÏ 2.10. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × FreeBSD
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/" target="_top">FreeBSD
+GNOME Project</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ Ë ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÏÓÔÏ̉ÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ. đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html</a> É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/gnome_upgrade.sh" target="_top"><tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt></a> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.10.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 3.3.0 ÄÏ 3.4.0.
+âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> × FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE × FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b>
+Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE on FreeBSD</a> ÉÄÉ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 6.7.0 ÄÏ
+6.8.2.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× RFC, É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁ̀É IETF ËÏĐÉ̉ÁÊÔ, ÂÙ̀É ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gai_strerror&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gai_strerror</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnameinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnameinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_opt_init&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_opt_init</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_option_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_option_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rth_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rth_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rthdr_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rthdr_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp6</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ
+ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">MIGRATE5.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó
+FreeBSD 4.X, ÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/pc98 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/pc98
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.10.2.5 2005/05/06 18:57:44 hrs Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ
+ÍÁ̉ËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ,
+É̀É ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN23" name="AEN23"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.3-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
+Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN293">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ NEC PC-98x1. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.3-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ HTTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ỠÁÓÔËÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎƠÀ DoS ÁÔÁËƠ ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ TELNET ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÂƠÆÅ̉Á. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ TELNET É̀É ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍƠ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ × ÓÅÔÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ
+ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÄ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ×ÛÅÇÏ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a>,
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÏÄ×Å̉ÇÁ̀ÉÓØ ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ 12 ÂÁÊÔ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ CVS. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.chflags_allowed</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÎƠỔÉ jail. åÓ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ×ÎƠỔÉ jail <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt>, ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> ×ÎƠỔÉ jail É ×ÎÅ jail ÎÅ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ × Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÅ ULE.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̀Ñ ÇÉÂËÏÇÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. ïÎÁ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ CPU ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpufreq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpufreq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ËÁ̉Ô GPIB-PCIIA IEEE-488.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ USB Communication Device Class Ethernet Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdce&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdce</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎÆ̀ÉËÔÏ×Á̀Á Ó
+promiscuous ̉ÅÖÉÍÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ĐÏÔÏËÁ Ethernet ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ -- ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ device polling É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+Đ̉ÏÑ×̀Ñ̀ÉÓØ ÎÁ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, É ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ, ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ page fault, ÏẨÙ×Ơ
+ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ SSH É̀É ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ Đ̉É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å ÆÁỀÏ×. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÏÔ
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ jumbo Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ ÎÁ Yukon-based ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>MTU feedback × IPv6 ×ÙË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+Æ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP). CARP ÂÙ̀ ×ÚÑÔ ÉÚ OpenBSD É
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃É×ÁÔØ
+×ÙÓÏËƠÀ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">carp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</code>=<tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> (ÜÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ̉Á×ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ) ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+Đ̉Á×É̀ <tt class="LITERAL">gid</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">jail</tt>, É/É̀É <tt
+class="LITERAL">uid</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt
+class="LITERAL">ipfw fwd</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ĐÁËÅÔÁ
+Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</tt>
+× ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</tt>. üÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á ƠÓỔÁÎÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇỞÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÁËËỞÁÔÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÎÅ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÉÔØ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PMTU.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipnat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipnat</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ-TCP/UDP ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ ÓÔÅËÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ï× É ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÁÔÅÇÉÉ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ ƠÚÅ̀ NetGraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_netflow&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_netflow</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ơ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÍƠ ĐÏÄ FreeBSD, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô NetFlow ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+5.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Frame Relay</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ TCP, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× RST Đ̉É
+ÏËÎÅ Đ̉ÉÅÍÁ × ÎÏ̀Ø ÂÁÊÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ TCP SACK.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ KAME IPv4 IPsec, ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ × FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+TCP-MD5.</p>
+
+<p>á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ``Random ephemeral port number allocation'' Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ Ó
+ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÊ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø × ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÙ,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ, ̃ÅÍ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps</code> × ÓÅËƠÎÄƠ, ̉ÁÎÄÏÍÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomtime</code> ÓÅËƠÎÄ. úÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ÜÔÉÈ Ä×ƠÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl ̉Á×ÎÙ <tt class="LITERAL">10</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">45</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptmv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hptmv</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ HighPoint RocketRAID 182x series.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÁÍĐÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÈ ServeRAID.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ë̀ÁÓÓ SHSEC GEOM. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÏÇÏ Ë̀À̃Á
+(``secret'') ÍÅÖÄƠ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉ÁÍÉ GEOM. ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÙÊ Ë̀À̃. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gshsec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gshsec</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ×ÎÏ×Ø ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ cd9660 (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ RockRidge) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÑÄ̉Ï ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÏẨÁÎÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ
+verbose. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á (ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÎÅÎƠÖÎÙÈ)
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>÷Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠÍÍÁ̉ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ (``dirty'') ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É UFS2 ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, Á ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>. üÔÏ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Đ̉É ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+ÓÂÏÑ. đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount</code> × ÎÅÎỜÅ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ ÑÄ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN293" name="AEN293">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 20040527 ÄÏ 20041119.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÏÄÙ ÓÔÁÔƠÓÁ <tt class="LITERAL">212</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">213</tt> Ä̀Ñ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ É ÆÁỀÁ (× Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ÓÑ ËÏÄ <tt
+class="LITERAL">211</tt>). üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 959.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ DNS <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÍÉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ËÏÇÄÁ ƠËÁÚÁÎ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNSPEC</tt>. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ DNS
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ù ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÀÔ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ
+ÎÅÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ <tt class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÔØ <tt
+class="LITERAL">NOERROR</tt> Ó ĐƠÓÔÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ä̀Ñ Ä×ÏÊÎÏÇÏ IPv4/IPv6 ÓÔÅËÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt> Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÉÔØ
+ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt>. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÔÁËÏÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë DoS ÁÔÁËÅ (ÓÍ. <a href="http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121"
+target="_top">http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ).
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ, ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÅÍÙÊ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_INET6</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AF_INET</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <tt class="LITERAL">create</tt> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ GPT ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ MBR.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ gvinum(8) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓƠÂËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">checkparity</tt>,
+<tt class="COMMAND">rebuildparity</tt> É <tt class="COMMAND">setstate</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libarchive</tt> (ËÁË É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÁÑ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ISO (Ó ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ
+RockRidge) É Á̉ÈÉ×Ï× ZIP (ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÅÍ <tt class="LITERAL">deflate</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">none</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libgpib</tt>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ GPIB (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii) ̃Å̉ÅÚ <code
+class="FUNCTION">ib<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>foo</i></tt></code> API.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÂÙ̀É ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ ÉÚ
+HEAD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=math&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">math</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ. ÷ ÉÈ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ×ÈÏÄÑÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ceill&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ceill</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=floorl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">floorl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ilogbl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ilogbl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fma&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fma</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lrint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lround&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lround</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËƠ'', ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÍÙÛÉ Đ̉É ÎÁÖÁÔÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏĐËÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉Đ̉ÅÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ËÁË Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËÁ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <code
+class="OPTION">-V</code>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÚÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ, ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÅÍ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ø <tt
+class="USERNAME">bind</tt> (Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÖỞÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÚÏÎÙ). âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ ÆÁỀÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">named.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-n</code> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.snap</tt> ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ × ĐÁÍÑÔÉ É̀É ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏẨÁÚÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×ÙÄÁÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É̀É UFS2, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ. ôÁËÁÑ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ × Ó̀ỠÁÅ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ẦÏËÁÍÉ ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <tt class="LITERAL">NO_NIS</tt>. ëÁË
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÅÔ ÉÚ ÅÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ NIS ÉÚ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ NIS ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncal&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncal</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-m</code> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁ̀ÅÎÄÁ̉Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
+ÍÅÓÑĂÁ × ÔÅËƠƯÅÍ ÇÏÄƠ.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ Ó̃ÅỖÉËÏ× ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÚÁẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a>
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">echo</code>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ LCP ECHO
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ LQR. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÑÔ
+× ̉ÅÖÉÍ LCP ECHO ÅÓ̀É ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ lqr ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ƠÓĐÅÛÎÏ Đ̉Ï×ÅÄÅÎÏ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÔÁËÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <tt class="COMMAND">enable echo</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÍƠ ÏÔ×ÅÔƠ CBCP, ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÀƯÅÍƠ Microsoft PPP Callback Control
+Protocol section 3.2.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÎÏ×Á ÍÏÖÅÔ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÄÁÍĐÙ FreeBSD ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-I</code>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ (ÏÄÎÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ)
+ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ̉ÅËỞÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ× É̀É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 3 ÆÁỀÏ×,
+ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÏ×ƯÉË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÍÅƯÁÀƯÉÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <code
+class="VARNAME">LD_LIBMAP</code>. üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strftime&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">strftime</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ GNU ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt> (ÂÅÚ
+ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), <tt class="LITERAL">_</tt> (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÂÅ̀ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), É <tt
+class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ÎỜÑÍÉ).</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÓÏËÅÔ (<tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Ó Đ̉Á×ÁÍÉ <tt class="LITERAL">0600</tt> Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂƠÆÅ̉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ DoS ÁÔÁËÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ <code class="OPTION">-S</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ĐƠÔØ
+Ë Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÏËÅÔƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ĐÏ̀ỠÁ̀
+ËÁËÉÅ-̀ÉÂÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× (ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/log</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">%</tt> × ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ. üÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ × ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ É
+scope ID IPv6.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> <code
+class="OPTION">-netstat</code> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎ Ä̀Ñ IPv6.</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdrop&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdrop</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁË̉Ù×ÁÀƯÁÑ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ TCP. ïÎÁ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-k</code> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <tt
+class="HOSTID">whois.krnic.net</tt> (the National Internet Development Agency of Korea),
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ × ëÏ̉ÅÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hosts</span>(5)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=services&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">services</span>(5)</span></a> É
+ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÚÁËÁÎ̃É×Á̀ÉÓØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ifconfig_fxp0_name="net0"
+ifconfig_net0="inet 10.0.0.1/16"
+</pre>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ <code class="VARNAME">tmpmfs_flags</code> É <code
+class="VARNAME">varmfs_flags</code>. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ/×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ softupdates, ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.6.1 ÄÏ 0.6.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">netcat</b> ÉÚ OpenBSD ÏÔ 4 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2005
+ÇÏÄÁ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×ËÉ ĐÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.9.7d ÄÏ 0.9.7e.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ timezone ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004e</b> ÄÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004g</b>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">ports/INDEX<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt></tt>, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ CVS. üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ
+ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉Ï×Á̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ, É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÂÙ̀ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÍ É ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×Á̀
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>),
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ËÏĐÉÀ Ä×ƠÍÑ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÆÁỀ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ÄÅ̉Å×Á ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt
+class="COMMAND">make index</tt> ÉÚ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>úÁẨÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt class="COMMAND">make fetchindex</tt> ÉÚ
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>. üÔÏÔ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ËÁË
+Đ̉Á×É̀Ï) ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ ÄÎÑ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD, CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc1</tt>
+ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÍ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ. CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ``fix it'' ÄÉÓËÏÍ Ó live filesystem, É ÂÙ̀ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÓÂÏÅ×. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ia64, ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">disc1</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É live filesystem,
+̃ÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ËÁË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÔÁË É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÓÂÏÅ×. (îÁ
+ia64, live filesystem ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÎÅ ƠÍÅƯÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ).
+đÁËÅÔÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË; × ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÏÂƯÅÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ-Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 2.6.2
+ÄÏ 2.10. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × FreeBSD
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/" target="_top">FreeBSD
+GNOME Project</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ Ë ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÏÓÔÏ̉ÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ. đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html</a> É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/gnome_upgrade.sh" target="_top"><tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt></a> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.10.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 3.3.0 ÄÏ 3.4.0.
+âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> × FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE × FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b>
+Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE on FreeBSD</a> ÉÄÉ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 6.7.0 ÄÏ
+6.8.2.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× RFC, É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁ̀É IETF ËÏĐÉ̉ÁÊÔ, ÂÙ̀É ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gai_strerror&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gai_strerror</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnameinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnameinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_opt_init&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_opt_init</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_option_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_option_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rth_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rth_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rthdr_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rthdr_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp6</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ
+ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">MIGRATE5.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó
+FreeBSD 4.X, ÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes-sparc64.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes-sparc64.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6455c6859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes-sparc64.html
@@ -0,0 +1,940 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
+<title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/sparc64 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
+<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+</head>
+<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
+alink="#0000FF">
+<div class="ARTICLE">
+<div class="TITLEPAGE">
+<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD/sparc64
+5.4-RELEASE</a></h1>
+
+<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 đ̉ÏÅËÔ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD</p>
+
+<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
+1.6.2.10.2.5 2005/05/06 18:57:44 hrs Exp $<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
+<p>FreeBSD ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁ̉ËÁ FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 É ThinkPad ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ
+ÍÁ̉ËÉ International Business Machines Corporation × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ, Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ,
+É̀É ĐÏ ×ÓÅÍƠ ÍÉ̉Ơ.</p>
+
+<p>IEEE, POSIX É 802 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Institute of Electrical and
+Electronics Engineers, Inc. × óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium É Xeon ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ
+É̀É ÚÁ̉ÅÇÉÓỔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ Intel Corporation É̀É ÅÅ ÄÏ̃Å̉ÎÉÈ ËÏÍĐÁÎÉÊ ×
+óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, É UltraSPARC ÜÔÏ ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÅ ÍÁ̉ËÉ SPARC International, Inc
+× óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÈ ûÔÁÔÁÈ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÈ ÓỔÁÎÁÈ. đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÙ Ó ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÏÊ SPARC ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ
+Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÅ, ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÊ Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ̀ÑÍÉ É Đ̉ÏÄÁ×ĂÁÍÉ Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ
+Đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÏ×, ÚÁÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ × ËÁ̃ÅÓÔ×Å ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÙÈ ÍÁ̉ÏË. ëÏÇÄÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏÑ×̀ÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÅ, É đ̉ÏÅËÔƠ FreeBSD ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ï ÔÏ̉ÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁ̉ËÅ, Ë ÏÂÏÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÚÎÁË ``(TM)'' É̀É ``(R)''.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN23" name="AEN23"></a>
+<p>úÁÍÅÔËÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÔ ÏÂƯƠÀ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ ĐÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ,
+×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÍ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ FreeBSD Ó ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ 5.3-RELEASE. üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÓĐÉÓÏË
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÈ ĐÏÓ̀Å ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÅÇÏ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÓĐÉÓÏË ÚÎÁ̃ÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÈ × ÑÄ̉Ï É ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÙ FreeBSD. đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
+Ë̉ÁÔËÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+</div>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>óÏÄÅ̉ÖÁÎÉÅ</b></dt>
+
+<dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2. <a href="#NEW">₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.1. <a href="#SECURITY">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2. <a href="#KERNEL">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.2.1. <a href="#BOOT">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.2. <a href="#PROC">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.3. <a href="#NET-PROTO">óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.4. <a href="#DISKS">äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.5. <a href="#FS">æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.2.6. <a href="#AEN293">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.3. <a href="#USERLAND">éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></dt>
+
+<dd>
+<dl>
+<dt>2.3.1. <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS">óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>2.4. <a href="#CONTRIB">óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.5. <a href="#PORTS">éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.6. <a href="#RELENG">đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+
+<dt>2.7. <a href="#DOC">äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>3. <a href="#UPGRADE">ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× FreeBSD</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1. ÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</a></h2>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Ä̀Ñ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÏÊ
+Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ UltraSPARC. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ, É̀É ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÎÙÅ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ
+×Å̉ÓÉÉ FreeBSD.</p>
+
+<p>üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ× FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE Đ̉ÅÄÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ release. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/"
+target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a> É̀É ÎÁ ̀ÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
+ÚÅ̉ËÁ̀. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ (É̀É Ä̉ƠÇÏÇÏ) release ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×Á
+FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
+target="_top">Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÉ ``đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD''</a> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/" target="_top">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
+FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÄ
+ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD. ÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÁÑ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÑÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ, ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÎÁÑ ×
+ĐÏÚÖÅ × Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÅ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ É̀É ĐÏÓ̀Å ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ. ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÎÅÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÉ. áËÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ ËÏĐÉÀ
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÈ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×Å ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2. ₫ÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ</a></h2>
+
+<p>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Å ÏĐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÎÙÅ É̀É ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÅ Ó
+5.3-RELEASE ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ FreeBSD. ëÁË Đ̉Á×É̀Ï, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÏĐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÄÅÓØ, ƠÎÉËÁ̀ØÎÙ Ä̀Ñ
+5-STABLE, ÅÓ̀É ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ĐÏÍÅ̃ÅÎÙ ËÁË [MERGED].</p>
+
+<p>ïÂÙ̃ÎÏ × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÙ ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÙĐƠƯÅÎÎÙÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å 5.3-RELEASE, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ï× É̀É
+ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ É̀É ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, É̀É
+ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑÈ ÓÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÇÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÑ. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÑÔØÓÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÖÎÅÊÛÉÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É̀É Đ̉ÁËÔÉËÉ ×ÙĐƠÓËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×. ëÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ, × ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï
+̉Å̀ÉÚÅ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ, ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÎÏÍ × FreeBSD ÍÅÖÄƠ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁÍÉ; ÜÔÏÔ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔ ÆÏËƠÓÉ̉ƠÅÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑÈ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ÉÄÉÍÙÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÎÙÈ ỜỠÛÅÎÉÑÈ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1. óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a></h3>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fetch</span>(1)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ HTTP ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ỠÁÓÔËÏ× ĐÁÍÑÔÉ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÁ.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:16.fetch</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ×ÛÁÑ Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÍƠ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀À ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ̃ÁÓÔÉ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á É̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ
+̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎƠÀ DoS ÁÔÁËƠ ĐƠÔÅÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-04:17.procfs</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÅ TELNET ÂÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ ÂƠÆÅ̉Á. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ
+Ú̀ÏÎÁÍÅ̉ÅÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ơ TELNET É̀É ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍƠ ÁÔÁËƠÀƯÅÍƠ × ÓÅÔÉ ÍÅÖÄƠ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÏÍ
+ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">telnet</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉÔØ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÊ ËÏÄ Ó Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉÑÍÉ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ, ÚÁĐƠÓÔÉ×ÛÅÇÏ Ë̀ÉÅÎÔ. úÁ
+ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:01.telnet</a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍ ×ÙÚÏ×Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendfile&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendfile</span>(2)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á
+ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ Ó ̉ÁÓË̉ÙÔÉÅÍ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÍÏÇ̀Á ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÉÔØ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Ơ
+Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÙÈ ̃ÁÓÔÅÊ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ
+ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:02.sendfile</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">SIOCGIFCONF</tt> <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ioctl&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ioctl</span>(2)</span></a>,
+Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÊ ĐÏÄ×Å̉ÇÁ̀ÉÓØ ƠÔÅ̃ËÅ 12 ÂÁÊÔ ĐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄ̉Á.
+úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÀ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:04.ifconf</a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvs</span>(1)</span></a>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ
+ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀Ñ̀É ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×Ï̀ØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ÁÈ CVS. äÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:05.cvs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÑÄ̉Å</a></h3>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ƠÀ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">security.jail.chflags_allowed</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chflags</span>(1)</span></a>
+×ÎƠỔÉ jail. åÓ̀É ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), ×ÎƠỔÉ jail <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> Ó̃ÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅĐ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ; ÅÓ̀É ÏÎÁ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ × <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt>, ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÉÊ ÍÅÖÄƠ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÍ <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> ×ÎƠỔÉ jail É ×ÎÅ jail ÎÅ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË ÂÙ̀Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÏ × Đ̀ÁÎÉ̉Ï×ƯÉËÅ ULE.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚ̃ÉËÅ</a></h4>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏÂÏ̉ƠÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a></h4>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=auxio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">auxio</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+ÏẨÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ×ÓĐÏÍÏÇÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ, ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ × ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ
+SBus/EBus <span class="TRADEMARK">UltraSPARC</span>(R) ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÈ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ Ä̀Ñ ÇÉÂËÏÇÏ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØÀ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. ïÎÁ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÍ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ÁÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÜÎÅ̉ÇÏĐÏỔÅẦÅÎÉÅÍ CPU ĐƠÔÅÍ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔÉ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÄÅÔÁ̀ØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ
+ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpufreq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpufreq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ ËÁ̉Ô GPIB-PCIIA IEEE-488.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ rtc Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ MC146818-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ̃ÁÓÏ×, ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÈ <span class="TRADEMARK">UltraSPARC</span> II É III.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uart&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uart</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+×Ë̀À̃ÅÎ × ÑÄ̉Å <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>, É ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÜÔÏ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ Ä̀Ñ
+ĐÏÓ̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Ù ofw_console É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sab&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sab</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÙ × ÑÄ̉Å <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÍỜØÔÉÍÅÄÉÁ</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snd_audiocs&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snd_audiocs</span>(4)</span></a>
+Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ Crystal Semiconductor CS4231 ÁƠÄÉÏ ËÏÎỔÏ̀̀Å̉Á, ÏÂÎÁ̉ƠÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÎÁ ̉ÁÂÏ̃ÉÈ
+ÓÔÁÎĂÉÑÈ <span class="TRADEMARK">UltraSPARC</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT4">
+<hr />
+<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2. đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ×</a></h5>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ USB Communication Device Class Ethernet Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdce&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdce</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctau&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ctau</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cx</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Á ×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÁ
+ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÁĐĐÁ̉ÁÔÎÁÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÔÅÇÏ× VLAN, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÜÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎÆ̀ÉËÔÏ×Á̀Á Ó
+promiscuous ̉ÅÖÉÍÏÍ.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÎỔÏ̀Ø ĐÏÔÏËÁ Ethernet ÏÔË̀À̃ÅÎ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> Ä̀Ñ
+Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÅÎÉÑ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍ -- ĐÁÎÉËÉ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hme&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hme</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+MPSAFE.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">re</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞƠ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ device polling É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉Å <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ
+Đ̉ÏÑ×̀Ñ̀ÉÓØ ÎÁ SMP ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, É ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ, ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ page fault, ÏẨÙ×Ơ
+ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ SSH É̀É ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ Đ̉É ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃Å ÆÁỀÏ×. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:02.sk</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=altq&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">altq</span>(4)</span></a>. üÔÏÔ
+Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ jumbo Æ̉ÅÊÍÙ ÎÁ Yukon-based ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÁÈ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3. óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ù</a></h4>
+
+<p>MTU feedback × IPv6 ×ÙË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Đ̉É ÏÔĐ̉Á×ËÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+Æ̉ÁÇÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÙ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP). CARP ÂÙ̀ ×ÚÑÔ ÉÚ OpenBSD É
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃É×ÁÔØ
+×ÙÓÏËƠÀ ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÏÓÔØ É ̉ÁÓĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. úÁ ÄÁ̀ØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ ÏẨÁƯÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë
+ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">carp</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> ÍÏÖÅÔ
+̉ÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó <code class="VARNAME">debug.mpsafenet</code>=<tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> (ÜÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ̉Á×ÎÁ <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ) ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÙ
+Đ̉Á×É̀ <tt class="LITERAL">gid</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">jail</tt>, É/É̀É <tt
+class="LITERAL">uid</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Á×É̀Ï <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <tt
+class="LITERAL">ipfw fwd</tt> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÏ̀ÎÏÅ ƠĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ĐÁËÅÔÁ
+Đ̉É ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÁ ÑÄ̉Á <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</tt>
+× ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔƠ <tt class="LITERAL">options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</tt>. üÔÏÔ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ÑÄ̉Á ƠÓỔÁÎÑÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÇ̉ÁÎÉ̃ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× É ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ
+ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÎÙÈ Ä̀Ñ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇỞÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁ.
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ Đ̉Á×É̀Á <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎÙ ÁËËỞÁÔÎÏ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ, ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÎÅ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÉÔØ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÅ PMTU.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipnat&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipnat</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÑÔØ Đ̉Á×É̀Á ĐÅ̉ÅÎÁĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÑ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ-TCP/UDP ĐÁËÅÔÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÄÏ̀ÖÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÂÏÔÁ ĐÏ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Giant ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ ÓÔÅËÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀Ï× É ỜỠÛÅÎÉÀ ÓỔÁÔÅÇÉÉ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËÉ.</p>
+
+<p>îÏ×ÙÊ ƠÚÅ̀ NetGraph <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_netflow&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ng_netflow</span>(4)</span></a>
+ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÍÁ̉Û̉ƠÔÉÚÁÔÏ̉Ơ, ̉ÁÂÏÔÁÀƯÅÍƠ ĐÏÄ FreeBSD, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÔØ ÜËÓĐÏ̉Ô NetFlow ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+5.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sppp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sppp</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËƠ Frame Relay</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ TCP, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀Á Ë ÉÇÎÏ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÉÀ ĐÁËÅÔÏ× RST Đ̉É
+ÏËÎÅ Đ̉ÉÅÍÁ × ÎÏ̀Ø ÂÁÊÔ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÏ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÉ TCP SACK.</p>
+
+<p>̣ÅÁ̀ÉÚÁĂÉÑ KAME IPv4 IPsec, ÉÎÔÅÇ̉É̉Ï×ÁÎÎÁÑ × FreeBSD, ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+TCP-MD5.</p>
+
+<p>á̀ÇÏ̉ÉÔÍ ``Random ephemeral port number allocation'' Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ̀ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁÍ Ó
+ĐÏ×ÔÏ̉ÎÙÍ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× Đ̉É ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ ̃ÁÓÔÏÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ĐÏÄË̀À̃ÅÎÉÊ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø × ĐÅ̉ÉÏÄÙ,
+ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÙÓỔÅÅ, ̃ÅÍ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps</code> × ÓÅËƠÎÄƠ, ̉ÁÎÄÏÍÉÚÁĂÉÑ ÎÏÍÅ̉Ï×
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ÏÔË̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ <code
+class="VARNAME">net.inet.ip.portrange.randomtime</code> ÓÅËƠÎÄ. úÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÑ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ
+ÜÔÉÈ Ä×ƠÈ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ sysctl ̉Á×ÎÙ <tt class="LITERAL">10</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">45</tt> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4. äÉÓËÉ É È̉ÁÎÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptmv&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hptmv</span>(4)</span></a>,
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ HighPoint RocketRAID 182x series.</p>
+
+<p>ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ips&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ips</span>(4)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÁÍĐÙ ÑÄ̉Á ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÓÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÏÄÅ̀ÑÈ ServeRAID.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ Ë̀ÁÓÓ SHSEC GEOM. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÏÇÏ Ë̀À̃Á
+(``secret'') ÍÅÖÄƠ ÎÅÓËÏ̀ØËÉÍÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉ÁÍÉ GEOM. ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ Đ̉Ï×ÁÊÄÅ̉Ù ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ
+Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ÓÅË̉ÅÔÎÙÊ Ë̀À̃. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ËÏÎỔÏ̀É̉ƠÅÔÓÑ ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÏÊ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gshsec&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gshsec</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ×ÎÏ×Ø ÓÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ cd9660 (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï
+ÎÁ̀É̃ÉÉ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÊ RockRidge) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÅ̃ÁÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ÅÓ̀É ÑÄ̉Ï ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÏẨÁÎÏ × ̉ÅÖÉÍÅ
+verbose. üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÙ̀Ï ÓÄÅ̀ÁÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ƠÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏ̀É̃ÅÓÔ×Á (ÚÁ̃ÁÓÔƠÀ ÎÅÎƠÖÎÙÈ)
+Đ̉ÏÔÏËÏ̀É̉ƠÅÍÙÈ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÊ ÑÄ̉Á.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5. æÁỀÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</a></h4>
+
+<p>÷Ù̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÉÅ ÓƠÍÍÁ̉ÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÉ Ä̀Ñ ÎÅ ̉ÁÚÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ (``dirty'') ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É UFS2 ÂÏ̀ØÛÅ ÎÅ ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ, Á ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÍ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fsck</span>(8)</span></a>. üÔÏ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ Ơ×Å̀É̃É×ÁÅÔ ÓËÏ̉ÏÓÔØ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ Đ̉É ÍÏÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÉ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+ÓÂÏÑ. đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÏ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ sysctl <code
+class="VARNAME">vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount</code> × ÎÅÎỜÅ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÉÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ NFS ÓÅ̉×Å̉Á, Đ̉É×ÏÄÉ×ÛÁÑ Ë ĐÁÎÉËÅ ÑÄ̉Á. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÉ Ï Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÅ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ERRATA/notices/FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs.asc"
+target="_top">FreeBSD-EN-05:01.nfs</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN293" name="AEN293">2.2.6. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h4>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">ACPI-CA</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 20040527 ÄÏ 20041119.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ
+ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a></h3>
+
+<p>đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÔ ËÏÄÙ ÓÔÁÔƠÓÁ <tt class="LITERAL">212</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">213</tt> Ä̀Ñ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ É ÆÁỀÁ (× Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÅÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×Á̀ÓÑ ËÏÄ <tt
+class="LITERAL">211</tt>). üÔÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÏĐÉÓÁÎÏ × RFC 959.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ DNS <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓÑÍÉ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ËÏÇÄÁ ƠËÁÚÁÎ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_UNSPEC</tt>. îÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ DNS
+ÓÅ̉×Å̉Ù ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÀÔ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ
+ÎÅÓƠƯÅÓÔ×ƠÀƯÅÊ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ <tt class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt>, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÔØ <tt
+class="LITERAL">NOERROR</tt> Ó ĐƠÓÔÏÊ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÁ Ä̀Ñ Ä×ÏÊÎÏÇÏ IPv4/IPv6 ÓÔÅËÁ,
+ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ĐÏÓ̀Å ×ÏÚ×̉ÁÔÁ <tt class="LITERAL">NXDOMAIN</tt> ÎÁ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AAAA</tt> Đ̉É×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍƠ, ̃ÔÏ ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÀƯÉÊ ÓÅ̉×Å̉ ÎÅ ĐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ̉ÁÚ̉ÅÛÉÔØ
+ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">A</tt>. ë̉ÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÔÁËÏÅ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÔÅÎĂÉÁ̀ØÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë DoS ÁÔÁËÅ (ÓÍ. <a href="http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121"
+target="_top">http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/714121</a> Ó ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÅÊ).
+ïẨÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ̃ÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ ĐÏ̉ÑÄÏË ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ ÂÙ̀ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ, ×ÏÚ×̉ÁƯÁÅÍÙÊ ̉ÅÚỜØÔÁÔ ×ÓÅ ÅƯÅ
+×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ <tt class="LITERAL">AF_INET6</tt> ĐÅ̉ÅÄ ÚÁĐÉÓØÀ <tt
+class="LITERAL">AF_INET</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <tt class="LITERAL">create</tt> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpt&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gpt</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> Ä̀Ñ ÆÏ̉ÓÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ GPT ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓ̀É ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Đ̉ÉÓƠÔÓÔ×ƠÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓØ MBR.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ gvinum(8) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓƠÂËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <tt class="COMMAND">checkparity</tt>,
+<tt class="COMMAND">rebuildparity</tt> É <tt class="COMMAND">setstate</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libarchive</tt> (ËÁË É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a>, ÅÅ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀƯÁÑ) ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ̃ÔÅÎÉÅ ÏẨÁÚÏ× ISO (Ó ÏĐĂÉÏÎÁ̀ØÎÙÍ ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÅÍ
+RockRidge) É Á̉ÈÉ×Ï× ZIP (ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÅÍ <tt class="LITERAL">deflate</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">none</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÁ <tt class="FILENAME">libgpib</tt>, ̃ÔÏÂÙ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔƠĐ
+ỞÏ×ÎÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ Ë ƠÓỔÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ GPIB (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÑ Ä̉ÁÊ×Å̉ pcii) ̃Å̉ÅÚ <code
+class="FUNCTION">ib<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>foo</i></tt></code> API.</p>
+
+<p>íÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÉÊ Ä̀Ñ <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt> ÂÙ̀É ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ ÉÚ
+HEAD.</p>
+
+<p>÷ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅËÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=math&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">math</span>(3)</span></a> ÂÙ̀Ï
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆƠÎËĂÉÊ. ÷ ÉÈ ̃ÉÓ̀Ï ×ÈÏÄÑÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ceill&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ceill</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=floorl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">floorl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ilogbl&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ilogbl</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fma&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fma</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrint&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lrint</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ, É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lround&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lround</span>(3)</span></a> É
+×Á̉ÉÁÎÔÙ.</p>
+
+<p>äÁÅÍÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">moused</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ``×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎƠÀ Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËƠ'', ËÏÇÄÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅƯÅÎÉÑ ÍÙÛÉ Đ̉É ÎÁÖÁÔÏÊ Ó̉ÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏĐËÅ
+ÉÎÔÅ̉Đ̉ÅÔÉ̉ƠÀÔÓÑ ËÁË Đ̉ÏË̉ƠÔËÁ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÅÔÓÑ Æ̀ÁÇÏÍ <code
+class="OPTION">-V</code>.</p>
+
+<p>ä̀Ñ ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÚÏÎ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span></a> ÂÙ̀
+ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇ, ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÅÍ ËÏÔÏ̉ÏÇÏ Ñ×̀ÑÅÔÓÑ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ø <tt
+class="USERNAME">bind</tt> (Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÖỞÎÁ̀ØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÚÏÎÙ). âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ
+ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Đ̉ÉÍÅ̉Å ÄÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ ÆÁỀÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=named.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">named.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-n</code> Ä̀Ñ ĐÏÄÁ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">.snap</tt> ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ. üÔÁ ÆƠÎËĂÉÑ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎÁ Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ × ĐÁÍÑÔÉ É̀É ×É̉ÔƠÁ̀ØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ,
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ÎÅ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ ÏẨÁÚÏ×.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+×ÙÄÁÅÔ Đ̉ÅÄƠĐ̉ÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É̀É UFS2, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇƠÔ
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏẨÁÚÙ. ôÁËÁÑ ÓÉÔƠÁĂÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ × Ó̀ỠÁÅ Ï̃ÅÎØ ÂÏ̀ØÛÉÈ ÆÁỀÏ×ÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Ó ẦÏËÁÍÉ ÍÁ̀ÏÇÏ ̉ÁÚÍÅ̉Á.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ËÏÍĐÉ̀ÑĂÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ <tt class="LITERAL">NO_NIS</tt>. ëÁË
+Ó̀ÅÄƠÅÔ ÉÚ ÅÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ, ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ Đ̉É×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÀ ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÉ NIS ÉÚ
+̉ÁÚ̀É̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, É ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ NIS ÎÅ ÂƠÄƠÔ ËÏÍĐÉ̀É̉Ï×ÁÔØÓÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncal&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncal</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-m</code> Ä̀Ñ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ËÁ̀ÅÎÄÁ̉Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÇÏ
+ÍÅÓÑĂÁ × ÔÅËƠƯÅÍ ÇÏÄƠ.</p>
+
+<p>đ̉Ï×Å̉ËÁ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">periodic</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔÏẨÁÖÅÎÉÅ Ó̃ÅỖÉËÏ× ĐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÚÁẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a>
+̉ÅÁ̀ÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">echo</code>, ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÀƯÉÊ ×Ë̀À̃ÁÔØ LCP ECHO
+ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ LQR. âÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÅ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppp</span>(8)</span></a> ĐÅ̉ÅÈÏÄÑÔ
+× ̉ÅÖÉÍ LCP ECHO ÅÓ̀É ÓÏÇ̀ÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ lqr ÎÅ ÂƠÄÅÔ ƠÓĐÅÛÎÏ Đ̉Ï×ÅÄÅÎÏ. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÑ
+ÔÁËÏÇÏ ĐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ƠËÁÚÁÔØ <tt class="COMMAND">enable echo</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀É ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÙ Ä×Å ÏÛÉÂËÉ × Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pppd</span>(8)</span></a>. ïÎÉ
+ÍÏÇ̀É Đ̉É×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÎÅËÏ̉̉ÅËÔÎÏÍƠ ÏÔ×ÅÔƠ CBCP, ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁÀƯÅÍƠ Microsoft PPP Callback Control
+Protocol section 3.2.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=restore&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">restore</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÓÎÏ×Á ÍÏÖÅÔ ̃ÉÔÁÔØ ÄÁÍĐÙ FreeBSD ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 1.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-I</code>, Ó ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ (ÏÄÎÏË̉ÁÔÎÏ)
+ÚÁĐ̉ÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄÔ×Å̉ÖÄÅÎÉÅ Đ̉É ̉ÅËỞÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎÉÉ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÏ× É̀É ÂÏ̀ÅÅ 3 ÆÁỀÏ×,
+ĐÅ̉Å̃ÉÓ̀ÅÎÎÙÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓỔÏËÅ.</p>
+
+<p>äÉÎÁÍÉ̃ÅÓËÉÊ ËÏÍĐÏÎÏ×ƯÉË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtld&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rtld</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÍÅƯÁÀƯÉÈ ÂÉẦÉÏÔÅË ̃Å̉ÅÚ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎƠÀ ÏË̉ƠÖÅÎÉÑ <code
+class="VARNAME">LD_LIBMAP</code>. üÔÁ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ĐÅ̉ÅÚÁĐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁĐÉÓÉ × <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strftime&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">strftime</span>(3)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ GNU ̉ÁÓÛÉ̉ÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <tt class="LITERAL">-</tt> (ÂÅÚ
+ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), <tt class="LITERAL">_</tt> (ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏÂÅ̀ Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÑ), É <tt
+class="LITERAL">0</tt> (ÚÁĐÏ̀ÎÅÎÉÅ ÎỜÑÍÉ).</p>
+
+<p>æƠÎËĂÉÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslog&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog</span>(3)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÍÎÏÇÏĐÏÔÏ̃ÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÈ.</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ÏÔË̉Ù×ÁÅÔ ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÓÏËÅÔ (<tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt> ĐÏ
+ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ), Ó Đ̉Á×ÁÍÉ <tt class="LITERAL">0600</tt> Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ
+Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ. üÔÏ Đ̉ÅÄÏÔ×̉ÁƯÁÅÔ ẦÏËÉ̉Ï×ËƠ Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÈ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂƠÆÅ̉ ÓÏËÅÔÁ
+ĐÅ̉ÅĐÏ̀ÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ó̀ÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÏÊ DoS ÁÔÁËÉ.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏĐĂÉÀ <code class="OPTION">-S</code>, ËÏÔÏ̉ÁÑ ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ĐƠÔØ
+Ë Đ̉É×É̀ÅÇÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÍƠ ÓÏËÅÔƠ. üÔÏ ĐÏ̀ÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓ̀É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ̃ÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ĐÏ̀ỠÁ̀
+ËÁËÉÅ-̀ÉÂÏ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ̀ÏËÁ̀ØÎÙÈ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× (ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/var/run/log</tt> É <tt class="FILENAME">/var/run/logpriv</tt>).</p>
+
+<p>ơÔÉ̀ÉÔÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÚ×Ï̀ÑÅÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù <tt class="LITERAL">:</tt> É <tt
+class="LITERAL">%</tt> × ÓĐÅĂÉÆÉËÁĂÉÉ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ. üÔÉ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀Ù ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÀÔÓÑ × ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ É
+scope ID IPv6.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> <code
+class="OPTION">-netstat</code> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø Đ̉ÉÓĐÏÓÏẦÅÎ Ä̀Ñ IPv6.</p>
+
+<p>đÁ̉ÁÍÅỔ <code class="OPTION">-f</code> ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÙ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tail</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁỀÁ ÏÄÎÏ×̉ÅÍÅÎÎÏ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdrop&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdrop</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁË̉Ù×ÁÀƯÁÑ ×ÙẨÁÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ TCP. ïÎÁ ÂÙ̀Á ÚÁÉÍÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÁ ÉÚ OpenBSD.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">whois</span>(1)</span></a> ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø
+ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Æ̀ÁÇ <code class="OPTION">-k</code> Ä̀Ñ ÚÁĐ̉ÏÓÁ <tt
+class="HOSTID">whois.krnic.net</tt> (the National Internet Development Agency of Korea),
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÅÇÏ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï IP ÁÄ̉ÅÓÁÈ × ëÏ̉ÅÅ.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀Á ÉÓĐ̉Á×̀ÅÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ̃ÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇỞÁĂÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hosts&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hosts</span>(5)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=services&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">services</span>(5)</span></a> É
+ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÎÅ ÚÁËÁÎ̃É×Á̀ÉÓØ ÓÉÍ×Ï̀ÏÍ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓỔÏËÉ.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<hr />
+<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1. óË̉ÉĐÔÙ <tt
+class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt></a></h4>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅ̉ÆÅÊÓÏ× ×Ï ×̉ÅÍÑ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚËÉ. îÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉:</p>
+
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ifconfig_fxp0_name="net0"
+ifconfig_net0="inet 10.0.0.1/16"
+</pre>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a>
+ÔÅĐÅ̉Ø ĐÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ĐÅ̉ÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ <code class="VARNAME">tmpmfs_flags</code> É <code
+class="VARNAME">varmfs_flags</code>. ïÎÉ ÍÏÇƠÔ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ä̀Ñ ĐÅ̉ÅÄÁ̃É ÄÏĐÏ̀ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÙÈ
+ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ× ƠÔÉ̀ÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mdmfs</span>(8)</span></a>,
+ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">md</span>(4)</span></a> ĐÁ̉ÁÍÅỔÏ×
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×Ë̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ/×ÙË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅ softupdates, ƠËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ×̀ÁÄÅ̀ØĂÁ
+ÆÁỀÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ĐÏ ƠÍÏ̀̃ÁÎÉÀ É ÔÁË ÄÁ̀ÅÅ.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4. óÔÏ̉ÏÎÎÅÅ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÎÏÅ
+ÏÂÅÓĐÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ</a></h3>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.0 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 9.3.1.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.6.1 ÄÏ 0.6.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÙ̀ ÄÏÂÁ×̀ÅÎ ÓÎÜĐÛÏÔ <b class="APPLICATION">netcat</b> ÉÚ OpenBSD ÏÔ 4 ÆÅ×̉Á̀Ñ 2005
+ÇÏÄÁ. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ ÓĐ̉Á×ËÉ ĐÏ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE"><span
+ class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">nc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó 0.9.7d ÄÏ 0.9.7e.</p>
+
+<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> ÂÙ̀ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎ Ó ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.1 ÄÏ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ 8.13.3.</p>
+
+<p>âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ timezone ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó ̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004e</b> ÄÏ
+̉Å̀ÉÚÁ <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2004g</b>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5. éÎÆ̉ÁÓỔƠËÔỞÁ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ
+ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×/ĐÁËÅÔÏ×</a></h3>
+
+<p>æÁỀÙ <tt class="FILENAME">ports/INDEX<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>*</i></tt></tt>, ×
+ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÈ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ×ÓÅÈ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ, ÂÙ̀ ƠÄÁ̀ÅÎ ÉÚ ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÑ CVS. üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ
+ÇÅÎÅ̉É̉Ï×Á̀ÓÑ ÎÅ ̃ÁÓÔÏ, É Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ ÂÙ̀ ƠÓÔÁ̉Å×ÛÉÍ É ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×Á̀
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÀ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÍ ỔÅÂƠÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ÎÁĐ̉ÉÍÅ̉, Ä̀Ñ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ Đ̉ÏÇ̉ÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ËÁË <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>),
+ÍÏÇƠÔ ĐÏ̀ỠÉÔØ ËÏĐÉÀ Ä×ƠÍÑ ÓĐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>óÏÚÄÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÆÁỀ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÔÅËƠƯÅÇÏ ÄÅ̉Å×Á ĐÏ̉ÔÏ×, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt
+class="COMMAND">make index</tt> ÉÚ ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>úÁẨÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ ĐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÉ× <tt class="COMMAND">make fetchindex</tt> ÉÚ
+ËÏ̉ÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁ̀ÏÇÁ ÄÅ̉Å×Á <tt class="FILENAME">ports/</tt>. üÔÏÔ ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÊ ÆÁỀ (ËÁË
+Đ̉Á×É̀Ï) ĐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ Ä̀Ñ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÔÅ̃ÅÎÉÅ ÄÎÑ.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6. đÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ× É
+ÉÎÔÅÇ̉ÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>÷ Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD, CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc1</tt>
+ÂÙ̀ ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×Ï̃ÎÙÍ ÄÉÓËÏÍ, ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÁƯÉÍ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎƠÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍƠ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É ÛÉ̉ÏËÏ
+ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ. CD-ROM (É̀É ÏẨÁÚ ISO) <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt> ÂÙ̀
+ÚÁÇ̉ƠÚÏ̃ÎÙÍ ``fix it'' ÄÉÓËÏÍ Ó live filesystem, É ÂÙ̀ Đ̉ÅÄÎÁÚÎÁ̃ÅÎ Ä̀Ñ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ
+ĐÏÓ̀Å Ë̉ÉÔÉ̃ÅÓËÉÈ ÓÂÏÅ×. ôÅĐÅ̉Ø Ä̀Ñ ×ÓÅÈ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞ ÚÁ ÉÓË̀À̃ÅÎÉÅÍ ia64, ÎÁ <tt
+class="FILENAME">disc1</tt> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ÄÅ̉Å×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× É live filesystem,
+̃ÔÏ ÄÅ̀ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ËÁË ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×ËƠ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÔÁË É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ĐÏÓ̀Å ÓÂÏÅ×. (îÁ
+ia64, live filesystem ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÎÅ ƠÍÅƯÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ĐÅ̉×ÙÊ).
+đÁËÅÔÙ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË; × ̃ÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏẨÁÚ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>
+ÓÏÄÅ̉ÖÉÔ ÏÂƯÅÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚƠÅÍÙÅ ĐÁËÅÔÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÄÅÓËÔÏĐ-Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ
+ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ ĐÏÍÅƯÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ <tt class="FILENAME">disc2</tt>.</p>
+
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ ÄÅÓËÔÏĐÁ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 2.6.2
+ÄÏ 2.10. âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> × FreeBSD
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/" target="_top">FreeBSD
+GNOME Project</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> (<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ĐÏÄÏÊÔÉ Ë ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÏÓÔÏ̉ÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ. đ̉ÏÓÔÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ËÏ̀̀ÅËĂÉÉ ĐÏ̉ÔÏ× FreeBSD Ó ĐÏÍÏƯØÀ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portupgrade&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portupgrade</span>(1)</span></a>
+(<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/portupgrade/pkg-descr"><tt
+class="FILENAME">sysutils/portupgrade</tt></a>) ×ÙÚÏ×ÅÔ ÓÅ̉ØÅÚÎÙÅ Đ̉ÏẦÅÍÙ. đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀É
+<b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> ÄÏ̀ÖÎÙ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅ̀ØÎÏ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ÉÎÓỔƠËĂÉÉ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html"
+target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/docs/faq210.html</a> É ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓË̉ÉĐÔ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome/gnome_upgrade.sh" target="_top"><tt
+class="FILENAME">gnome_upgrade.sh</tt></a> Ä̀Ñ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ ÄÏ <b
+class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> 2.10.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 3.3.0 ÄÏ 3.4.0.
+âÏ̀ÅÅ ĐÏÄ̉ÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉ÁÂÏÔÅ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> × FreeBSD ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE × FreeBSD</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="NOTE">
+<blockquote class="NOTE">
+<p><b>úÁÍÅ̃ÁÎÉÅ:</b> đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ÓÔÁ̉ÙÈ ×Å̉ÓÉÊ <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b>
+Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ó̀ÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ Đ̉ÏĂÅÄỞÅ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÑ, ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ×Å ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a
+href="http://freebsd.kde.org/" target="_top">KDE on FreeBSD</a> ÉÄÉ × ÆÁỀÅ <tt
+class="FILENAME">ports/UPDATING</tt>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<p>đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×Å̉ÓÉÑ <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> ÂÙ̀Á ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÁ Ó 6.7.0 ÄÏ
+6.8.2.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<hr />
+<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7. äÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÑ</a></h3>
+
+<p>ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÅ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏ̉ÙÅ ÂÙ̀É ĐÏ̀ỠÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÏ× RFC, É
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁ̉ƠÛÁ̀É IETF ËÏĐÉ̉ÁÊÔ, ÂÙ̀É ÚÁÍÅƯÅÎÙ: <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gai_strerror&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gai_strerror</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getaddrinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnameinfo&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnameinfo</span>(3)</span></a>,
+<a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_opt_init&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_opt_init</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_option_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_option_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rth_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rth_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=inet6_rthdr_space&sektion=3&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
+class="REFENTRYTITLE">inet6_rthdr_space</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp6</span>(4)</span></a> É <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+5.4-RELEASE">
+<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ip6</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<hr />
+<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3. ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ Ó Đ̉ÅÄÙÄƠƯÉÈ ̉Å̀ÉÚÏ×
+FreeBSD</a></h2>
+
+<p>đÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ Ó ƠÖÅ ƠÓÔÁÎÏ×̀ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ FreeBSD <span class="emphasis"><i
+class="EMPHASIS">ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅ̀ØÎÏ</i></span> ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ Đ̉Ï̃ÅÓÔØ ``̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ ÍÉÇ̉ÁĂÉÉ
+ÎÁ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE''. îÁ ÄÉÓỔÉÂƠÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅ̀Å É̀É × ̀ÀÂÏÍ Ä̉ƠÇÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÀ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ, ÉÍÑ ÆÁỀÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÂÙ̃ÎÏ <tt
+class="FILENAME">MIGRATE5.TXT</tt>. ïÎ Đ̉ÅÄÏÓÔÁ×̀ÑÅÔ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÔËÉ ĐÏ ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÀ Ó
+FreeBSD 4.X, ÎÏ, ̃ÔÏ ÂÏ̀ÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, Ó̉Á×ÎÉÔÅ̀ØÎÏ ̉ÁÓÓÍÁỔÉ×ÁÅÔ ̉ÁÂÏÔƠ Ó 4.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt> É ÏÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ ÄÏ 5.<tt
+class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.</p>
+
+<div class="IMPORTANT">
+<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
+<p><b>÷ÁÖÎÏ:</b> ïÂÎÏ×̀ÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD ËÏÎÅ̃ÎÏ ÖÅ ÄÏ̀ÖÎÏ Đ̉ÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏ̀ØËÏ ĐÏÓ̀Å
+̉ÅÚÅ̉×ÎÏÇÏ ËÏĐÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÉÑ <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">×ÓÅÈ</i></span> ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+É ÆÁỀÏ× ÎÁÓỔÏÊËÉ.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p align="center"><small>üÔÏÔ ÆÁỀ É Ä̉ƠÇÉÅ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÙ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑƯÉÅÓÑ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×Å̉ÓÉÉ
+FreeBSD, ÍÏÇƠÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ĐÏ ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ <a
+href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/</a>.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>åÓ̀É Ơ ×ÁÓ ×ÏÚÎÉË ×ÏĐ̉ÏÓ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÊÓÑ FreeBSD, Đ̉Ï̃ÔÉÔÅ <a
+href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/docs.html">ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁĂÉÀ,</a> Đ̉ÅÖÄÅ ̃ÅÍ ÎÁĐÉÓÁÔØ ĐÉÓØÍÏ ×
+&#60;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÓÅÍ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÑÍ FreeBSD 5-STABLE ̉ÅËÏÍÅÎÄƠÅÔÓÑ ĐÏÄĐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ÓĐÉÓÏË ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ &#60;<a
+href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+
+<p align="center"><small>÷ÏĐ̉ÏÓÙ, ËÁÓÁÀƯÉÅÓÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËƠÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ĐÏ
+ÁÄ̉ÅÓƠ &#60;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes.html b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..029d37c4e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/5.4R/relnotes.html
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+  <head>
+    <title>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=koi8-r" />
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print" href="../../../layout/css/fixed.css?20130112" type="text/css" />
+
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="containerwrap">
+      <div id="container">
+        <span class="txtoffscreen"><a href="#content" title="Skip site navigation" accesskey="1">Skip site navigation</a> (1)
+  <a href="#contentwrap" title="Skip section navigation" accesskey="2">Skip section navigation</a> (2)
+</span>
+        <div id="headercontainer">
+          <div id="header">
+            <h2 class="blockhide">Header And Logo</h2>
+            <div id="headerlogoleft">
+              <a href="../.." title="FreeBSD">
+                <img src="../../../layout/images/logo-red.png" width="457" height="75" alt="FreeBSD" />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+            <div id="headerlogoright">
+              <div class="frontdonateroundbox">
+                <div class="frontdonatetop">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatecontent">
+                  <a href="https://www.FreeBSDFoundation.org/donate/">Donate to FreeBSD</a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="frontdonatebot">
+                  <div>
+                    <b style="display: none;">.</b>
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+              </div>
+              <h2 class="blockhide">Peripheral Links</h2>
+              <div id="searchnav">
+                <ul id="searchnavlist"></ul>
+              </div>
+              <div id="search">
+                <form method="get" id="search-form" action="https://duckduckgo.com/" onsubmit="document.getElementById('words').value+=' (site:www.FreeBSD.org OR site:docs.FreeBSD.org OR site:lists.FreeBSD.org OR site:wiki.FreeBSD.org OR site:forums.FreeBSD.org)'">
+                  <h2 class="blockhide">
+                    <label for="words">đÏÉÓË</label>
+                  </h2>
+                  <input type="hidden" name="ka" value="v" />
+                  <input type="hidden" name="kt" value="v" />
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+                  <input id="words" name="q" type="text" size="20" maxlength="255" onfocus="if( this.value==this.defaultValue ) this.value='';" value="đÏÉÓË" />
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+          <div id="menu">
+            <ul class="first">
+              <li>
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+                <a href="../../about.html">ï FreeBSD</a>
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+                <a href="../../where.html">đÏ̀ỠÅÎÉÅ FreeBSD</a>
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+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀Ñ</a>
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+                    <a href="../../../doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/porters-handbook">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ĐÏ̉ÔÅ̉Á</a>
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+                    <a href="../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook">̣ƠËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏỖÉËÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi">óỔÁÎÉĂÙ ÓĐ̉Á×Ï̃ÎÉËÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
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+              <li>
+                <a href="../../community.html">óÏÏÂƯÅÓÔ×Ï</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../community/mailinglists.html">óĐÉÓËÉ ̉ÁÓÓÙ̀ËÉ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://forums.freebsd.org">æÏ̉ƠÍÙ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../usergroups.html">ç̉ƠĐĐÙ ĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÔÅ̀ÅÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../events/events.html">óÏÂÙÔÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
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+              <li>
+                <a href="../../projects/index.html">̣ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÁ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://wiki.FreeBSD.org/IdeasPage">éÄÅÉ Ä̀Ñ Đ̉ÏÅËÔÁ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://svn.FreeBSD.org/viewvc/base/">SVN ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://cvsweb.FreeBSD.org">CVS ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://p4web.FreeBSD.org">Perforce ̉ÅĐÏÚÉÔÏ̉ÉÊ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="../../support.html">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖËÁ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../commercial/commercial.html">ëÏÍÍÅ̉̃ÅÓËÉÅ Đ̉ÅÄ̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../security/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ÂÅÚÏĐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="//www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi">óÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ</a>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="../../send-pr.html">ïÔĐ̉Á×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÂƯÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/">æÏÎÄ</a>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    <a href="http://www.freebsdfoundation.org/donate/">đÏÖÅ̉Ô×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ</a>
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div id="content">
+          <div id="sidewrap">
+            <div id="sidenav">
+              <h2 class="blockhide">îÁ×ÉÇÁĂÉÑ ĐÏ ̉ÁÚÄÅ̀Ơ</h2>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../where.html">đÏ̀ỠÉÔØ FreeBSD</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../releases/">éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÁÈ</a>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/12.0R/announce.html">12.0</a><a href="../../../releases/11.2R/announce.html">11.2</a></li>
+                    <li>(óÔÁ̉ÙÊ) đ̉ÏÄƠËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ̉Å̀ÉÚ: <a href="../../../releases/10.2R/announce.html">10.2</a></li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="../../snapshots/">óÎÜĐÛÏÔ-̉Å̀ÉÚÙ</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="../../ports/">đÏ̉ÔÉ̉Ï×ÁÎÎÙÅ Đ̉É̀ÏÖÅÎÉÑ</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div id="contentwrap"><h1>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE</h1>
+
+    <p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD ĐƠẦÉËƠÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅ̀ØÎÏ Ä̀Ñ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
+      Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉ÍÙ, ĐÏÓËÏ̀ØËƠ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × FreeBSD ×ÙĐÏ̀ÎÑÀÔÓÑ
+      ÔÏ̀ØËÏ Ä̀Ñ ÏĐ̉ÅÄÅ̀ÅÎÎÏÊ Đ̉ÏĂÅÓÓÏ̉ÎÏÊ Á̉ÈÉÔÅËÔỞÙ.</p>
+
+    <p>éÎÆÏ̉ÍÁĂÉÑ Ï ̉Å̀ÉÚÅ Ä̀Ñ FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ÄÏÓÔƠĐÎÁ Ä̀Ñ Ó̀ÅÄƠÀƯÉÈ
+      Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><a href="relnotes-alpha.html" shape="rect">alpha</a></li>
+      <li><a href="relnotes-amd64.html" shape="rect">amd64</a></li>
+      <li><a href="relnotes-i386.html" shape="rect">i386</a></li>
+      <li><a href="relnotes-ia64.html" shape="rect">ia64</a></li>
+      <li><a href="relnotes-pc98.html" shape="rect">pc98</a></li>
+      <li><a href="relnotes-sparc64.html" shape="rect">sparc64</a></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>óĐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í, ÎÁÈÏÄÑƯÉÈÓÑ × ̉ÁÚ̉ÁÂÏÔËÅ, ÏĐƠẦÉËÏ×ÁÎ
+      ÎÁ ÓỔÁÎÉĂÅ <a href="../../platforms/index.html" shape="rect">đÏÄÄÅ̉ÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
+      Đ̀ÁÔÆÏ̉Í</a>.</p>
+  </div>
+          <br class="clearboth" />
+        </div>
+        <div id="footer"><span><a href="../../search/index-site.html">ëÁ̉ÔÁ ÓÁÊÔÁ</a> |
+  <a href="../../copyright/">ơÓ̀Ï×ÉÑ ÉÓĐÏ̀ØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</a> | ¿ 1995-2014
+  đ̉ÏÅËÔ FreeBSD. ÷ÓÅ Đ̉Á×Á ÚÁƯÉƯÅÎÙ.</span><br />
+      Last modified:  2013-11-13</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releases/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/releases/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..995c3ce680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releases/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+---
+title: "Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…
+
+[.right]
+image:../../gifs/releases.jpg[Đ ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD,width=300,height=200]
+
+Đ ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° "Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹" и "Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹". ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, Đ¸Ñ‰ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸; Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹, желаÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+Đ ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° "Đ½Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ" и "Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ".
+
+Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ° Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ HTML Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../relnotes/[Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼].
+
+[[supported-releases]]
+== Đ¢ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ°, Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñƒ и Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ link:../security/#sup[ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹] Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../security/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD].
+
+[[current]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹
+
+=== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹
+
+*Release {rel121-current}* ({rel121-current-date}) _link:{u-rel121-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel121-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel121-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel121-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] : link:{u-rel121-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel121-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel121-signatures}[Signed Checksums]_
+
+*Release {rel113-current}* ({rel113-current-date}) _link:{u-rel113-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel113-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel113-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel113-hardware}[Hardware Notes] : link:{u-rel113-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel113-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel113-signatures}[Checksums]_
+
+=== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹
+
+////
+*Release {rel112-current}* ({rel112-current-date}) _link:{u-rel112-announce}[Announcement] : link:{u-rel112-notes}[Release Notes] : link:{u-rel112-installation}[Installation Instructions] : link:{u-rel112-hardware}[Hardware Notes] : link:{u-rel112-readme}[Readme] : link:{u-rel112-errata}[Errata] : link:{u-rel112-signatures}[Checksums]_
+////
+
+[[future]]
+== Đ‘ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñƒ link:../releng/[ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²].
+
+Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ из Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº link:{handbook}#STABLE[FreeBSD-STABLE] и link:{handbook}#CURRENT[FreeBSD-CURRENT]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐºĐµ link:../where/[ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD].
+
+[[prior-supported]]
+== ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¾Đ¹
+
+* *9.1* (Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2012) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.1R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.1R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.1R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.1R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *8.3* (Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 2012) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.3R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.3R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.3R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.3R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.3R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.3R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+
+[[prior-unsupported]]
+== ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ³ÑˆĐ¸Đµ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¸
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Đ°Ñ� иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ°, Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñƒ и Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Đµ link:../security/#unsup[Đ�ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹] Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:../security/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD].
+
+* *9.0* (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2012) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.0R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.0R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.0R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.0R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.0R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/9.0R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *8.2* (Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 2011) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.2R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.2R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.2R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.2R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.2R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *8.1* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 2010) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.1R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.1R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.1R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *8.0* (Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2009) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.0R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.0R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.0R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.0R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/8.0R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *7.4* (Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 2011) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.4R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.4R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.4R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.4R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.4R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *7.3* (ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 2010) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.3R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.3R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.3R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.3R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.3R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *7.2* (ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 2009) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.2R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.2R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.2R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.2R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.2R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *7.1* (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2009) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.1R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.1R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.1R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *7.0* (Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 2008) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.0R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.0R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.0R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.0R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/7.0R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *6.4* (Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2008) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.4R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.4R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.4R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.4R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.4R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.4R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *6.3* (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2008) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.3R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.3R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.3R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.3R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.3R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.3R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *6.2* (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2007) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.2R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.2R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.2R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.2R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.2R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.2R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *6.1* (ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 2006) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.1R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.1R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.1R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.1R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *6.0* (Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2005) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.0R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.0R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.0R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.0R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.0R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/6.0R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]:_
+* *5.5* (ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 2006) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.5R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.5R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.5R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.5R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.5R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.5R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]:_
+* *5.4* (ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 2005) _link:&base;/releases/5.4R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:&base;/releases/5.4R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:&base;/releases/5.4R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:&base;/releases/5.4R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:&base;/releases/5.4R/readme.html[Readme]: link:&base;/releases/5.4R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]: link:&base;/releases/5.4R/migration-guide.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *5.3* (Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2004) _link:&base;/releases/5.3R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:&base;/releases/5.3R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:&base;/releases/5.3R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:&base;/releases/5.3R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:&base;/releases/5.3R/readme.html[Readme]: link:&base;/releases/5.3R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]: link:&base;/releases/5.3R/migration-guide.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *5.2.1* (Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 2004) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2.1R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2.1R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2.1R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2.1R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2.1R/early-adopter.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…]_
+* *5.2* (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2004) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.2R/early-adopter.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…]_
+* *5.1* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2003) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.1R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.1R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.1R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.1R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.1R/early-adopter.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…]_
+* *5.0* (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2003) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/5.0R/early-adopter.html[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…]_
+* *4.11* (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2004) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.11R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.11R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.11R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.11R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.11R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.11R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.10* (ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 2004) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.10R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.10R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.10R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.10R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.10R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.10R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.9* (Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2003) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.9R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.9R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.9R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.9R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.9R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.9R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.8* (Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 2003) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.8R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.8R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.8R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.8R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.8R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.8R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.7* (Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2002) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.7R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.7R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.7R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.7R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.7R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.7R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.6.2* (Đ�Đ²Đ³ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ 2002) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6.2R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6.2R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6.2R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6.2R/readme.html[Readme]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6.2R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.6* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2002) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6R/relnotes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6R/installation.html[Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.6R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.5* (Đ¯Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ 2002) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.5R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.5R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.5R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.5R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.4* (Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2001) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.4R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.4R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.4R/hardware.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.4R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.3* (Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 2001) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.3R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.3R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.3R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.2* (Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.2R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.2R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.2R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.1.1* (Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2000) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1.1R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.1* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 2000) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *4.0* (ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 2000) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.0R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.0R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/4.0R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *3.5* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 2000) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.5R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.5R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.5R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *3.4* (Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.4R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.4R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.4R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *3.3* (Đ¡ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1999) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.3R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.3R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.3R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *3.2* (ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 1999) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.2R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.2R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.2R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *3.1* (Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 1999) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.1R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.1R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *3.0* (Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.0R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.0R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/3.0R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *2.2.8* (Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1998) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.8R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.8R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.8R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *2.2.7* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 1998) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.7R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.7R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.7R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *2.2.6* (ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 1998) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.6R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.6R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.6R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *2.2.5* (Đ�ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1997) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.5R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.5R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.5R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *2.2.2* (ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 1997) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.2R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.2R/errata.html[Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�]_
+* *2.2.1* (Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ 1997) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2.1R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *2.2* (ĐœĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 1997) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.2R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *2.1.7* (Đ¤ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»ÑŒ 1997) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.7R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.7R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *2.1.6* (Đ”ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1996) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.6R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.6R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *2.1.5* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 1996) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.5R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1.5R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *2.1* (Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1995) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.1R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *2.0.5* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ½ÑŒ 1995) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.0.5R/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.0.5R/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *2.0* (Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1994) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.0/announce.html[Đ�Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�] : link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/2.0/notes.html[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *1.1.5.1* (Đ˜Ñ�Đ»ÑŒ 1994)
+* *1.1.5* _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/1.1.5/RELNOTES.FreeBSD[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *1.1* (ĐœĐ°Đ¹ 1994) _link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/1.1/RELNOTES.FreeBSD[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ]_
+* *1.0* (Đ�Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 1993)
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releng/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/releng/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2ca44f5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releng/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+---
+title: "Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²"
+sidenav: developers
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+:contact-re: re@FreeBSD.org
+:contact-so: security-officer@FreeBSD.org
+:contact-portmgr: portmgr@FreeBSD.org
+:contact-doc: freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org
+
+= Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²
+
+Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+
+* <<freeze,Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°>>
+* link:charter[Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²]
+* <<docs,Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²>>
+* <<team,Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°>>
+* <<old,Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹>>
+
+[[schedule]]
+== Đ“Ñ€Đ°Ñ„Đ¸Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²
+
+ĐŸĐ Đ˜ĐœĐ•Đ§Đ�Đ�Đ˜Đ•: Đ”Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ и Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ”Đ°Ñ‚Đ° |Đ¡Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ |Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+|Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2014 |FreeBSD 10.1 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.1R/schedule.html[Đ Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°]
+|===
+
+[[freeze]]
+== Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°
+
+Đ’ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° `src/` CVS-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đ° FreeBSD. Đ’Ñ�е Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ»Ñ�Đ±ÑƒÑ� из Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đº "Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¾", Ñ�Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»Đ° Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¹. Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²ÑŒĐµĐ², Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đº `ports/` и `doc/`, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ°Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° |Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚ |Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|`head` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ�ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ 11-CURRENT.
+|`stable/10` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ 10-STABLE.
+|`releng/10.0` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 10.0.
+|`stable/9` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ 9-STABLE.
+|`releng/9.3` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-re} |ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 9.3.
+|`releng/9.2` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 9.2.
+|`releng/9.1` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 9.1.
+|`releng/9.0` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 9.0 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`stable/8` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ 8-STABLE.
+|`releng/8.4` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 8.4.
+|`releng/8.3` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 8.3 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/8.2` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 8.2 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/8.1` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 8.1 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/8.0` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 8.0 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`stable/7` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� 7-STABLE (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/7.4` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 7.4 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/7.3` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 7.3 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/7.2` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 7.2 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/7.1` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 7.1 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/7.0` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 7.0 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`stable/6` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� 6-STABLE (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/6.4` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 6.4 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/6.3` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 6.3 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/6.2` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 6.2 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/6.1` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 6.1 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/6.0` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 6.0 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`stable/5` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ 5-STABLE (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/5.5` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 5.5 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/5.4` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 5.4 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/5.3` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 5.3 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/5.2` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 5.2 / 5.2.1 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/5.1` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 5.1 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/5.0` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 5.0 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`stable/4` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ 4-STABLE (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.11` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº FreeBSD 4.11 (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.10` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 4.10 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.9` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 4.9 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.8` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 4.8 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.7` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 4.7 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.6` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 4.6 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.5` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 4.5 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.4` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 4.4 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`releng/4.3` |Đ—Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ° |{contact-so} |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 4.3 Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`stable/3` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ 3-STABLE (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|`stable/2.2` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ° |Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ |Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ 2.2-STABLE (Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�).
+|ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ¾ |Đ¡Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đµ |Đ�Đ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚ |ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�
+|`ports/` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾ |{contact-portmgr} |Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
+|`doc/` |Đ�Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾ |{contact-doc} |Đ�Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ SGML/XML.
+|===
+
+[[docs]]
+== Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²
+
+* link:{releng}[ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD] +
+Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đº Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ FreeBSD. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ…, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đµ или Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ….
+
+[[team]]
+== Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²
+
+Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² link:{handbook}#MFC-GLOSSARY[MFC] Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´Ñ‹ Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°, Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ² Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° и Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… link:charter[Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ…].
+
+*Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² (Primary RE Team) re@FreeBSD.org)* : {re-members} Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�щуÑ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+
+Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼.
+
+*Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²(re-builders@FreeBSD.org)* : {re-builders}
+
+ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ ĐŸĐ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ portmgr@. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ·Đ° Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ´ĐºÑƒÑ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹.
+
+*Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ ({contact-portmgr})* : {portmgr-members}
+
+[[old]]
+== Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ² ISO Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ из Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у: ftp://ftp-archive.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/.
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¾ FTP, Đ½Đ° ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� иÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°ĐºÑ‚-диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ², еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ли у Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/releng/charter.adoc b/website/content/ru/releng/charter.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bbb28c066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/releng/charter.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+title: "Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²"
+sidenav: developers
+--- 
+
+= Đ�бÑ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²
+
+Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹:
+
+* Đ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD.
+* Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ и ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ’ Ñ�ту Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹.
+* Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° и Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ "Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°", и Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ¾Đ»Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñƒ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ° Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºÑƒ Đ²Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°. Đ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·ĐºĐ° Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ HEAD Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° .0, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ´Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° `RELENG_*` Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² -STABLE.
+* Đ¡Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº `RELENG_*` Đ´ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ²Đ° `src/`. Đ¡Ñ�Đ´Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼, ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� делаÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� (и Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�) Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐµ -STABLE Đ´Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸, Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ.
+* Đ Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° и/или Đ¤Đ¾Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ», ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, еÑ�ли Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ‚, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ»Ñ�Ñ� "FreeBSD" или "Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD".
+* Đ¢ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ из ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸. Portmgr@ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ·ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ² `ports/` и Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ‚Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ. re@ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ISO, Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ². re@ Đ±ĐµĐ·ÑƒÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ FreeBSD, Đ½Đ¾ без ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� portmgr@ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ.
+* Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đ° Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ. Đ’ ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ³ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ² Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ·Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ° Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ€Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ÑˆĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ.
+* Đ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¾Ñ‚Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· 1 Đ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾ Đ½Đ° ÑƒÑ‚Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² (`RELENG_X_Y`) Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‘Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·-Đ¸Đ½Đ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đµ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ�Đ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Ñ�Ñ�. Đ’ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� developers@ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾.
+* ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� announce@FreeBSD.org Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ½Ñ�Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD.
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+---
+title: "Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼
+
+[.right]
+image:../../gifs/doc.jpg[BSD Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ½ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�,width=274,height=163]
+
+Đ�Đ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ² FreeBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ² (Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·, Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚ и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее). Đ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ°Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�:
+
+* README: Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ…Đ°Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ°.
+* Release Notes: Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đº Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ FreeBSD.
+* Hardware Notes: ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ� FreeBSD.
+* Installation Instructions: Đ�Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ FreeBSD.
+* Errata: ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Ñ€Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸, Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, Đ½Đ°Đ¹Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°.
+
+Đ˜Đ· Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ², Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ, Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ, Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ FreeBSD.
+
+== RELEASE-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreeBSD
+
+Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ RELEASE-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreeBSD (Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, &rel.current;-RELEASE) Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¾ link:../releases/[Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…] Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ FreeBSD и ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ°Ñ….
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ (Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ² Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ HTML) Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ…Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ° (Đ½Đ° CDROM, FTP-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ или уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ…).
+
+== Snapshot-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreeBSD
+
+Đ¤Đ°Đ¹Đ»Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ…Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ°.
+
+== Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� -CURRENT и -STABLE
+
+Đ�Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ³ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ HTML-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD -CURRENT и FreeBSD -STABLE Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�; Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ°.
+
+=== FreeBSD -CURRENT Release Documentation
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.0r/readme/[README]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.0r/relnotes/[Release Notes]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.0r/hardware/[Hardware Notes]
+
+=== FreeBSD 11-STABLE Release Documentation
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/11-STABLE/readme/[README]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/11-STABLE/relnotes/[Release Notes]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/11-STABLE/hardware/[Hardware Notes]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/11-STABLE/errata/[Errata]
+
+=== FreeBSD 10-STABLE Release Documentation
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/10-STABLE/readme/[README]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/10-STABLE/relnotes/[Release Notes]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/10-STABLE/hardware/[Hardware Notes]
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/relnotes/10-STABLE/errata/[Errata]
+
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼ Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ° HTML, PDF и Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� FreeBSD -CURRENT, -STABLE и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Ñ… RELEASE-Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° http://people.FreeBSD.org/~bmah/relnotes/[Đ¡Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼]. Đ�Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ³ÑƒĐ»Ñ�Ñ€Đ½Đ¾, Đ½Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/search/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/search/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69f2b128e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/search/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº
+
+== Đ¡Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD
+
+* <<web,Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ WWW>>
+* <<mailinglists,Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸>>
+* link:search-mid.html[Message-ID]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?query[Đ‘Đ°Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… (Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…) GNATS]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi[Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ Đ¡Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°]
+* http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi[Đ˜Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]
+* http://minnie.tuhs.org/FreeBSD-srctree/FreeBSD.html[Đ˜Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´]
+* http://minnie.tuhs.org/BSD-info/bsdnews_search.html[Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼ Usenet, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ BSD]
+* http://www.google.com/bsd[ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ² Google Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐµ BSD]
+* http://www.greasydaemon.com/[GreasyDaemon], Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đµ BSD UNIX, Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ² Ñ�ебе Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘
+* http://freebsd.rambler.ru/[ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD]
+
+'''''
+
+[[web]]
+== Đ¡Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Ñ‹ WWW (Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� link:{faq}[FAQ] и link:{handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾])
+
+=== ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº:
+
+_Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ: Đ˜Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹ AND и NOT Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°. link:searchhints[Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� здеÑ�ÑŒ]._
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¼ 5 10 25 50 100 250 Web Pages Ported Applications
+
+{{< form-search-site >}}
+
+'''''
+
+[[mailinglists]]
+== Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¸Đ½Đ´ĐµĐºÑ�Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� http://www.FreeBSD.org/mail/[Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸] Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾!
+
+Đ’ ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ°Đ»ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo[Mailman/Pipermail Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²] (ÑƒÑ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ� Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2003 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°).
+
+Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ (Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ‡ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Đµ) Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đµ http://www.geocrawler.com/[GeoCrawler].
+
+{{< form-search-mail >}}
diff --git a/website/content/ru/search/search-mid.adoc b/website/content/ru/search/search-mid.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dbf31b23fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/search/search-mid.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾ Message-ID Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾ Message-ID Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸
+
+{{< form-search-mid-id >}}
+
+{{< form-search-mid-message >}}
+
+Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ *Message-ID*, *Resent-Message-id*, *In-Reply-to* и *References*. ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đµ Message-ID Đ²Ñ‹Đ³Đ»Ñ�Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº <199802242058.MAA24843@monk.via.net>. Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ±Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Ñ� Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ‘Đ°Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� Message-ID Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�.
+
+link:../#mailinglists[Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/search/searchhints.adoc b/website/content/ru/search/searchhints.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d4278f6e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/search/searchhints.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ"
+sidenav: about
+--- 
+
+= Đ¡Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ
+
+== Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²...
+
+. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ¼, Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° "`quantum  hard drives`", Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� OR, Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Đ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾ из Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…. ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°, Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐºÑƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° "`quantum and hard and drives`"
+. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�у Đ½Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đº Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Đ½ĐµÑ‚ ли Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ…. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ° `not`. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, "`quantum and hard and drives not ide`" иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ диÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… quantum Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ¾Đ¼ IDE.
+
+== Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ�е, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Đ¸...
+
+. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ из ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ² Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Đ²Ñ�е. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµÑ‚Đµ "`buslogic`", Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑˆĐ°Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ½ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ° "`buslogic or bustek`".
+. Đ¡Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ° Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�ÑƒÑ„Ñ„Đ¸ĐºÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ ÑˆĐ°Đ±Đ»Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ¼. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ»Ñ�чу "`drive*`" Đ¿Đ¾ĐºÑ€Đ¾ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°, ĐºĐ°Đº `drive`, `drives`, `driver`, `drivers` и Ñ‚Đ°Đº далее.
+. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±ÑƒĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ±Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ°, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ�Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�. Đ�Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ Đ¿Đ¾ "`quantum and hard and drive`" Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ "`quantum and drive`".
+
+'''''
+
+link:..[Đ’Đ¾Đ·Đ²Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹]
diff --git a/website/content/ru/security/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/security/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e7ca94fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/security/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+---
+title: "Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+include::shared/authors.adoc[]
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+
+= Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD
+
+== Đ’Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ и Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD. Đ’Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Đ¾ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ½Đ¾ Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ�Đ¡ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾, Đ½Đ°Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đµ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾.
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* <<how,Đ�Đ°Đº и ĐºÑƒĐ´Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD>>
+* <<sec,Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD>>
+* <<pol,ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸>>
+* <<sup,ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD>>
+* <<unsup,Đ�ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD>>
+
+== Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/charter[Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ² Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° и Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]
+* link:advisories[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº бÑ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD]
+* link:notices[Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… FreeBSD]
+* link:{handbook}#security-advisories[Đ§Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD]
+
+[[how]]
+== Đ�Đ°Đº и ĐºÑƒĐ´Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+Đ’Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� mailto:secteam@FreeBSD.org[Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD] или, еÑ�ли Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµĐ½ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ² Đ·Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ„Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² PGP Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.org[Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸], иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� link:&enbase;/security/so_public_key.asc[ĐºĐ»Ñ�ч PGP Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]. Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ¼, Đ²Ñ�е Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ:
+
+* Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+* Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+* Đ›Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�ле Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ или Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
+
+=== Đ¡Đ¿Đ°Đ¼-Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Ñ‹
+
+Đ’ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�зи Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ ÑƒÑ€Đ¾Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ° Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Đ°. Đ•Ñ�ли Đ’Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ� Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD или Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ из-Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ¿Đ°Đ¼-Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ² (или Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¸Đ»ÑŒÑ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½), Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ÑŒÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ¾ Đ½Đ° `security-officer-XXXX@FreeBSD.org` Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ _XXXX_ Đ½Đ° `3432` Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ². Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�. Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đµ Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD.
+
+[[sec]]
+== Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD и Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+ДлÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ³Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ алиаÑ� Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ¼: Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ·Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ½ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½ Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ². Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼, Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ° Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ алиаÑ�Đ° mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.org[<security-officer@FreeBSD.org>], Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đ°Đ¼:
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[width="100%",cols="50%,50%",]
+|===
+|{simon}|Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+|{cperciva}|Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ�Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚
+|{rwatson}|ĐŸÑ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ², +
+Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° TrustedBSD, Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+|{delphij}|Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸
+|===
+
+Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/administration/#t-secteam[Đ¡Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD] mailto:secteam@FreeBSD.org[<secteam@FreeBSD.org>], Đ½ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đ¹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đ¾Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ½ Đ²Ñ‹Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ°Đ¼.
+
+[[pol]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ° Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ¾, Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ° Đ½Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° и уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ²Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ°Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ _Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚_ ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ или Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµĐµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ² ĐºĐ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ…, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹ ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD Đ½ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
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+Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‡ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² FreeBSD или Đ²Đ½ĐµÑˆĐ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Đº Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, еÑ�ли Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� или иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ‘ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, и Đ²Ñ�е Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµÑ‡Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ´ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ� ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸. Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ»ĐµĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� FFS, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ VM и Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐº Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ².
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+Đ•Ñ�ли ÑƒĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° FreeBSD, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Đ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ·Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�Đº Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°, Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘Đ½ Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и ĐµÑ‘ Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ± Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° и Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ…-Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Ñ�Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ½ĐµĐ¾Đ±Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đµ уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ˜Đ½Đ¶ĐµĐ½ĐµÑ€Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°, Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ¾ ĐµÑ‘ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ и Ñ�ĐµÑ€ÑŒÑ‘Đ·Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸.
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+Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ², Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ� FreeBSD Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ´ (Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ OpenBSD, NetBSD и DragonFlyBSD, Apple и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ° FreeBSD, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Linux), и Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ€ÑƒÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ°Đº CERT. Đ—Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�туÑ� уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ·Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ¼ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ FreeBSD, и (Đ½Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ½Đ¾Đµ, Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đµ) Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ½Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°. Đ’ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… уÑ�Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ€Đ³Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼: еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ делал, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Ñ�Đ²Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ….
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+Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ‚Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ и Ñ�Đ²Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
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+Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ¾Ñ€Đ´Đ¸Đ½Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ и/или Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ½Đ¾ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…. ĐŸÑ€Đ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�утÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ�Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ²Ñ‹Đ±ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹. Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ еÑ�ли уÑ�Đ·Đ²Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�ÑƒĐ¶Đ´Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ¼Đ°Ñ… (Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ…, ĐºĐ°Đº bugtraq) и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ‘ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐµÑ‘ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�, Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Đ¼Đ°ĐºÑ�Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ„Ñ„ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Ñƒ.
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+Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� PGP. Đ•Ñ�ли Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ PGP.
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+[[sup]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD
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+Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµÑ‚ бÑ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ _Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ -STABLE_ и _Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Security_. (Đ‘Ñ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� _Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ -CURRENT_.)
+
+* Đ¢Ñ�Đ³Đ¸ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ -STABLE Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° `RELENG_7`. Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° `FreeBSD 7.0-STABLE`.
+* Đ�Đ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñƒ FreeBSD Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¸Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ (Security Branch). Đ¢Ñ�Đ³Đ¸ Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº `RELENG_7_0`. Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Đ° `FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE-p1`.
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² http://vuxml.FreeBSD.org/[Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đµ FreeBSD VuXML].
+
+Đ�аждаÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸. Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¿Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Đº Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ.
+
+Đ Đ°Đ½Đ½ĐµĐµ Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ´Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ (Early Adopter)::
+Đ ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ из Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ -CURRENT, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ¼ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 6 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ°.
+Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ (Normal)::
+Đ ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹, Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ из Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ -STABLE, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ¼ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 12 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° и Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ (еÑ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�), Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ·Đ° 3 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†Đ° Đ´Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°.
+Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ (Extended)::
+Đ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ (Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· из ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ -STABLE) Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ÑƒĐ¼ Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ 24 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†ĐµĐ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ле Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° и Đ² Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸ (еÑ�ли Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�), Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½ Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ¹Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼ĐµÑ€Đµ Đ·Đ° 3 Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ†Đ° Đ´Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°.
+
+[[supported-branches]]
+Đ�иже Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ и Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº. Đ’ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¾Đ½ĐºĐµ _Đ�Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¸_ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¶Đ°Đ¹ÑˆĐ°Ñ� Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¸ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, ÑƒÑ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ´Đ²Đ¸Đ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐµ, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đº Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ·Ñƒ Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹.
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° |Релиз |Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |Đ”Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° |Đ�Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¸
+|RELENG_8 |n/a |n/a |n/a |Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· + 2 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°
+|RELENG_8_3 |8.3-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |18 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 2012 |30 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 2014
+|RELENG_9 |n/a |n/a |n/a |Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ· + 2 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°
+|RELENG_9_1 |9.1-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |30 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2012 |31 Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2014
+|===
+
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ° Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ¾ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ из Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹, ÑƒĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ.
+
+Đ‘Ñ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD:
+
+* FreeBSD-security-notifications@FreeBSD.org
+* FreeBSD-security@FreeBSD.org
+* FreeBSD-announce@FreeBSD.org
+
+Đ¡Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… бÑ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:advisories[FreeBSD Security Advisories].
+
+Đ‘Ñ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/so_public_key.asc[PGP-ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°] Đ�Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†ĐµÑ€Đ° Đ‘ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ и Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ½Đ° web-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ http://security.FreeBSD.org/ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´Đ¸Ñ€ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸ http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/[advisories] и http://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/[patches].
+
+[[unsup]]
+== Đ�ĐµĐ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD
+
+Đ¡Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ здеÑ�ÑŒ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ….
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,",options="header",]
+|===
+|Đ’ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ° |Релиз |Đ¢Đ¸Đ¿ |Đ”Đ°Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° |Đ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ° Đ¶Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ¸
+|RELENG_4 |n/a |n/a |n/a |31 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2007
+|RELENG_4_11 |4.11-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |25 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2005 |31 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2007
+|RELENG_5 |n/a |n/a |n/a |31 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2008
+|RELENG_5_3 |5.3-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |6 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2004 |31 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2006
+|RELENG_5_4 |5.4-RELEASE |Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |9 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2005 |31 Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2006
+|RELENG_5_5 |5.5-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |25 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2006 |31 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2008
+|RELENG_6 |n/a |n/a |n/a |30 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2010
+|RELENG_6_0 |6.0-RELEASE |Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |4 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2005 |31 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2007
+|RELENG_6_1 |6.1-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |9 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2006 |31 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2008
+|RELENG_6_2 |6.2-RELEASE |Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |15 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2007 |31 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2008
+|RELENG_6_3 |6.3-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |18 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2008 |31 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2010
+|RELENG_6_4 |6.4-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |28 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2008 |30 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2010
+|RELENG_7 |n/a |n/a |n/a |28 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2013
+|RELENG_7_0 |7.0-RELEASE |Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |27 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2008 |30 Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� 2009
+|RELENG_7_1 |7.1-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |4 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2009 |28 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2011
+|RELENG_7_2 |7.2-RELEASE |Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |4 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2009 |30 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2010
+|RELENG_7_3 |7.3-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |23 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2010 |31 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2012
+|RELENG_7_4 |7.4-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |24 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2011 |28 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2013
+|RELENG_8_0 |8.0-RELEASE |Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |25 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2009 |30 Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� 2010
+|RELENG_8_1 |8.1-RELEASE |Đ Đ°Ñ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |23 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2010 |31 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2012
+|RELENG_8_2 |8.2-RELEASE |Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |24 Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2011 |31 иÑ�Đ»Ñ� 2012
+|RELENG_9_0 |9.0-RELEASE |Đ�Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ |10 Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� 2012 |31 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2013
+|===
diff --git a/website/content/ru/security/advisories.adoc b/website/content/ru/security/advisories.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8c842e65f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/security/advisories.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "Đ‘Ñ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: support
+security: advisories
+---
+
+= Đ‘Ñ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½Đ¸ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD
+
+Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ± Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… бÑ�Đ»Đ»ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD. ĐŸĐ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ°Đ¼ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ link:..[Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD].
+
+Đ’Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ¸, Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ³Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đµ http://vuxml.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD VuXML].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/security/notices.adoc b/website/content/ru/security/notices.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e3de58997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/security/notices.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: "Đ£Đ²ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… FreeBSD"
+sidenav: support
+security: notices
+---
+
+= Đ£Đ²ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… FreeBSD
+
+Đ”Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµĐ± Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒĐ²ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ¼Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾Đ± иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… FreeBSD.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/snapshots/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/snapshots/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0840ab6082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/snapshots/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:url-snapshots: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ¡Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD
+
+== Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹?
+
+ДлÑ� ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² _Đ´Đ¾_ Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ²ĐµÑ‚ Ñ� Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¼Ñ‹ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°ĐµĐ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ¶ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ·Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼ _Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸_. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ½ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ…Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹, Đ·Đ° иÑ�ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ¼ĐµĐ½ÑŒÑˆĐµ.
+
+== ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
+
+Đ�Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹:
+
+* link:{url-snapshots}/Jun_2005/[Đ¡Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2005 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°] (link:{url-snapshots}/Jun_2005/README.TXT[README.TXT])
+** ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ 3 иÑ�Đ½Ñ� 2005 05:00 UTC.
+** 5-STABLE: Đ’ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�е Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�.
+** 6-CURRENT: link:{url-snapshots}/Jun_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP004-amd64-disc1.iso[amd64], link:{url-snapshots}/Jun_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP004-i386-disc1.iso[i386], link:{url-snapshots}/Jun_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP004-pc98-disc1.iso[pc98], link:{url-snapshots}/Jun_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP004-sparc64-disc1.iso[sparc64].
+** Đ¡ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¾ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ² VFS, Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾ Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµĐ±ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ.
+* link:{url-snapshots}/Mar_2005/[Đ¡Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2005 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°] (link:{url-snapshots}/Mar_2005/README.TXT[README.TXT], link:{url-snapshots}/Mar_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP002-alpha-disc1.iso[alpha], link:{url-snapshots}/Mar_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP002-amd64-disc1.iso[amd64], link:{url-snapshots}/Mar_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP002-i386-disc1.iso[i386], link:{url-snapshots}/Mar_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP002-pc98-disc1.iso[pc98], link:{url-snapshots}/Mar_2005/6.0-CURRENT-SNAP002-sparc64-disc1.iso[sparc64])
+** Đ¢Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ 6-CURRENT. ĐŸĐ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ 15 Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° 2005 15:48 UTC.
+** ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ ÑƒĐ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ² Đ±Đ»Đ¾ĐºĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ VFS.
+** Đ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° ISO Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼. Đ�Đ° disc1 Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ»ĐµĐºÑ‚ Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹. ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐ°Đ´Đ¶Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¹Đ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ½Đ° disc2. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° FreeBSD 5.4.
+** ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° CARP (Common Address Redundancy Protocol).
+** ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ² Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¹, busdma и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… и Đ´Ñ€Đ°Đ¹Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ….
+* link:{url-snapshots}/Feb_2005/[Đ¡Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ„ĐµĐ²Ñ€Đ°Đ»Ñ� 2005 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ° (alpha, amd64, i386, ia64, pc98, sparc64)]
+
+Đ’ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼Ñ� Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ link:{handbook}#CURRENT[6-CURRENT] и link:{handbook}#STABLE[5-STABLE] Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾ и Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ URL Ñ� Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ¼ Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đµ `{url-snapshots}/<month>_<year>/` Đ³Đ´Đµ `<year>` Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ³Đ¾Đ´, Đ° `<month>` Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ�ц Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ°. Đ�Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ³ ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ» `RELNOTES.TXT`, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ²Đ½ĐµÑ�Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚.
+
+== Đ’ĐµÑ‰Đ¸, Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ�
+
+Đ’ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸, Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·, Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ² Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñƒ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐµ:
+
+* Đ¡Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ°Đº Ñ‚Ñ‰Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾. Đ’ Đ½Đ¸Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ или Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ, Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€ÑƒÑˆĐ°Ñ‚ Đ²Đ°ÑˆÑƒ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�щуÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ.
+* Đ¡Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€ÑˆĐ¸Đ¹ Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ĐµÑ€ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ° Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¼ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đµ. Đ�Đ½ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� _Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾_ Đ½Đ° Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ…, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ» Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ _Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�_ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ _Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹_, и Đ²Đ°Đ¶Đ½Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�Đ»Đ¾Ñ�ÑŒ. Đ¥Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� Đ»Ñ�ди Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ и, ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼ Đ² Đ¿ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐµ и ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�Ñ…, Đ½Đµ Đ¿ÑƒÑ‚Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ¸Ñ….
+* Đ�Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ†, Đ¼Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµĐ¼ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¼ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ´ĐºĐµ. Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ, `README` Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ‹Đ´ÑƒÑ‰ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°Đº, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐµ Đ²Đ°Đ¶ĐµĐ½, Ñ‡ĐµĐ¼ иÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº и Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ… Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
+
+Đ’Đ°ÑˆĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Đ¾, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ�Đ½Đ¸ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ½Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ - Ñ‚Đµ, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¸Ñ€Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° FreeBSD Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ� ĐºÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Đ¸Đ·Đ½ĐµÑ�Đ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đµ. Đ’Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Đ°Ñˆ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ ÑƒÑ‡Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ и Đ²Ñ‹ (Đº Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�) Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ĐºĐ½Ñ‘Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ½Đ¸ Ñ� ĐºĐ°ĐºĐ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Đ½ĐµĐ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ€Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ·Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ. Đ¡ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹, еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ³Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ÑŒĐ¼Đ° Đ² Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đµ и Đ¾ĐºĐ°Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° даже Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ»Đ¸ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹, Đ½Ñƒ, Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ±Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹!
+
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+Đ’Đ¾Ñ‚ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ�Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ»Ñ�Đ´ĐµĐ¹, Đ½Đµ Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ² Đ“Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ FreeBSD Đ² Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đµ "Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ„Đ°Đ¹Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹" и Đ·Đ°Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ² ISO Đ½Đ° ĐµĐ¶ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ. ДлÑ� Đ²Ñ‹Ñ�Ñ�Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ½Đ¸Đ¼ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒÑ�, еÑ�ли у Đ²Đ°Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹.
+
+* http://snapshots.jp.FreeBSD.org/[Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD SNAPSHOT Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° jp.FreeBSD.org].
+* http://snapshots.se.FreeBSD.org/[Đ¡ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ� FreeBSD Ñ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¿ÑˆĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° se.FreeBSD.org].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/support/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/support/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ec5f459a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/support/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ°"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ°
+
+FreeBSD Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¾Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¸Đ´Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼. Раздел link:../community[Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ web-Ñ�Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Đ¸Đ´Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ¸, Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ link:../community/mailinglists[Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸].
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºĐ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Ñ‡ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ· Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ из Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… link:../commercial/[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Ñ‰Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²], Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Ñ‹, Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹, и/или ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ�ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+
+== Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…
+
+Đ�Đ°ÑˆĐ»Đ¸ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºÑƒ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD? Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸ Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºÑƒ Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸? Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¹ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Đ»Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ¹Ñ‚Đµ Đ½Đ°Đ¼ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Đ»Đ¸ ли Đ¾ Đ½ĐµĐ¹, Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ: link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?query[Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¸Ñ�Đº Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Ñ… Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…] (и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾ ĐºĐ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ³Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Đ¸, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ и Ñ‚.Đ´.), link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐºÑ€ĐµÑ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ], или link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ²Ñ�е Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡ĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…, Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸].
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Đ»Đ¸, Ñ‚Đ¾, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ link:../support/bugreports/[Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…], Đ° Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ� Đ½Đ°ÑˆÑƒ link:https://bugs.freebsd.org/submit/[Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/support/bugreports.adoc b/website/content/ru/support/bugreports.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e68392b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/support/bugreports.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ°Ñ…
+
+== Đ‘Đ°Đ·Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Đ±Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… http://www.gnu.org/software/gnats/[GNATS].
+
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD (PR) Đ½Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹. Đ’ Đ½ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾Đ± Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±ĐºĐµ Đ² Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ°Ñ‚ĐºĐ°Đ¼Đ¸). Đ’ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đ¹ Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐ» Đ±Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Đ´ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD. Đ’Đ¾ Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�Đ»ÑƒÑ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ… PR Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚, Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đº Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ² ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� link:../../ports/[Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² и ĐŸĐ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ²].
+
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº 'Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đµ', и Đ·Đ°ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�. Đ�Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Đµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đ¶Đ´Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ PR Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ�Đ²Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� ÑƒĐ½Đ¸ĐºĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ³Đ°Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ�. ĐœĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ´ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ„Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ PR, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²Ñ‹Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ» Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¸Đ·Đ¼ĐµĐ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…].
+* link:https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/[Đ�Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ].
+* link:../../prstats/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ PR].
+
+== Đ�Đ°Đº Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ
+
+Đ¡Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ¿Đ¿Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Ñ‹ link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1[send-pr(1)], Đ²Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºÑƒ FreeBSD. Đ¢Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� link:https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/[Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¾Đ¹] или Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ Đ°Đ´Ñ€ĐµÑ�у freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.org. Đ—Đ°Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ‚Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ°Đ½Đ´Đ¾Đ¹ link:https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/[send-pr], Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ² Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¸, _Đ½Đµ_ Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¾Ñ„Đ¸Ñ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… и Đ¼Đ¾Đ³ÑƒÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐµ Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹!
+
+ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ°Đº Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� link:{problem-reports}[Đ�Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD]. Đ­Ñ‚Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚, ĐºĐ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đµ, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ½Ñ‹ Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ² Đ½ĐµĐ³Đ¾, и ĐºĐ°Đº Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ÑˆĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾ ĐµĐ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ. Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ°Ñ‡Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� еÑ�Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ² Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐµ link:{pr-guidelines}[Đ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…].
diff --git a/website/content/ru/support/webresources.adoc b/website/content/ru/support/webresources.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fbbd14bfbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/support/webresources.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+title: "Web Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹"
+sidenav: support
+---
+
+= Web Ñ€ĐµÑ�урÑ�Ñ‹
+
+* <<general,Đ�Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ UNIX(R)>>
+* <<xwin,Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° X Window>>
+* <<hardware,Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ>>
+* <<related,Related Operating System Projects>>
+
+[[general]]
+== Đ�Đ±Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ UNIX(R)
+
+* http://www.technion.ac.il/guides/unix.html[The Unix Reference Desk] Đ”Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¸Ñ„ĐµÑ€Đ° ĐœĐ°Đ¹ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ° (Jennifer Myers)
+* http://www.ugu.com/[Unix Guru Universe]
+* http://www.ora.com/[O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.]
+* http://www.unixpower.org[Unix Power]
+
+[[xwin]]
+== Đ¡Đ¸Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° X Window
+
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ http://www.x.org/[X.Org] и http://www.xfree86.org/[XFree86(TM)] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�Đ¸Đ¹ UNIX(R) Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Ñ‹ Intel, Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°Ñ� FreeBSD, Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ€ĐµĐ°Đ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ X Window system.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ http://www.winehq.com/[WINE] Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ´ Đ²Đ¾Đ·Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Microsoft Windows(R) Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ…Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ´ Intel UNIX Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ°Đº FreeBSD, NetBSD и Linux.
+
+[[hardware]]
+== Đ�Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+* _comp.answers_ ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/comp/answers/pc-hardware-faq[pc-hardware-faq] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ебÑ�.
+* http://www.x86.org/[Intel Secrets -- What Intel Doesn't Want You To Know] - Đ¼Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ° Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ… Intel.
+* http://www.faqs.org/faqs/pc-hardware-faq/chiplist/[Aad Offerman's Chip List] - Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ» Đ¾ Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¿Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ°Ñ…, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ² PC-ĐºĐ»Đ¾Đ½Đ°Ñ….
+
+[[related]]
+== Đ”Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ² Đ¾Đ±Đ»Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼
+
+* http://www.netbsd.org/[*NetBSD*] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°, Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° 4.4BSD Lite, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ½Đ° Đ½ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¸Ñ… Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ….
+* http://www.openbsd.org/[*OpenBSD*] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ²ÑŒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ� 4.4BSD Ñ� Đ°ĐºÑ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Đ½Đ° Đ±ĐµĐ·Đ¾Đ¿Đ°Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ.
+* http://www.linux.org/[*Linux*] - ĐµÑ‰Ñ‘ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� UNIX(R)-Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°.
+* http://www.opendarwin.org/[*Darwin*] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°, Đ»ĐµĐ¶Đ°Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹ http://www.apple.com/macosx/[Mac OS X] ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Apple.
+* http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/lites/html/[*Lites*] - Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đµ 4.4BSD Lite и Ñ�Đ¼ÑƒĐ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ°Ñ� Đ±Đ¸Đ±Đ»Đ¸Đ¾Ñ‚ĐµĐºĐ°, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ÑŒ Ñ„ÑƒĐ½ĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ UNIX(R) Đ½Đ° Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ…, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° Đ¼Đ¸ĐºÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ´Ñ€Đµ Mach.
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html[*GNU Hurd*] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ ĐµÑ‰Đµ Đ¾Đ´Đ½Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¿Ñ‹Ñ‚ĐºÑƒ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼ÑƒÑ� UNIX(R)-Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½ÑƒÑ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ.
+* http://www.dragonflybsd.org/[*DragonFly BSD*] Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ° FreeBSD 4.X, Đ½Đ¾ Đ½Đ°Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐµÑ‘ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ Đ¾Ñ‚Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ FreeBSD 5.X.
+* http://opensolaris.org/os/[*OpenSolaris*] Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ�Đ¡ Solaris ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Sun Microsystems, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¸Đ·Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Ñ‚ BSD и Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° SunOS. Đ�Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ° Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Đ°, Đ½Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Đ°Ñ� Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ° Đ¿Đ¾-Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ¶Đ½ĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¼.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/tutorials/_index.adoc b/website/content/ru/tutorials/_index.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a24e47d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/tutorials/_index.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: "Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: about
+---
+
+= Đ£Ñ‡ĐµĐ±Đ½Đ¸ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD
+
+ĐŸĐ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾Đº Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸, ĐºĐ°Ñ�Đ°Ñ�Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Ñ� FreeBSD, Ñ‚ĐµĐ¿ĐµÑ€ÑŒ Đ½Đ°Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² link:../docs/[docs]. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�ĐºÑƒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸.
diff --git a/website/content/ru/where.adoc b/website/content/ru/where.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0335f1d6de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/content/ru/where.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+//
+// The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
+//
+// Original EN revision (06.10.2025): 728be2f55235470406eb01e9a547770c44410e7a
+//
+---
+title: "ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD"
+sidenav: download
+---
+
+:url-rel: https://download.FreeBSD.org/releases
+:url-snapshot: https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots
+
+include::shared/releases.adoc[]
+include::shared/ru/urls.adoc[]
+
+= ĐŸĐ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ FreeBSD
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Ñ‹Ñ…, Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… и Đ±ÑƒĐ´ÑƒÑ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ… Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº link:../releases/[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ…].
+
+[[choose-version]]
+[[choose-arch]]
+== Đ’Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹
+
+Đ£ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ FreeBSD Đ±ÑƒĐ´ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Đ² Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� **amd64** или **aarch64**. Đ­Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Ñ‹ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Ñ…Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ¾ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸.
+
+Đ‘Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐŸĐ�, Đ² Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ�ле Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Intel(R), иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ **amd64**.
+
+Đ’Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° и Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ‹ (SBC), Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¸Đµ ĐºĐ°Đº Raspberry Pi 3 и 4, ESPRESSObin, Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Allwinner и Rockchip, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚ **aarch64**.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¾ Đ²Ñ�ĐµÑ… Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€Đ°Ñ…, Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº link:../platforms/#_supported_platforms[Ñ‚Đ°Đ±Đ»Đ¸Ñ†Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼].
+
+[[choose-image]]
+== Đ’Ñ‹Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ°
+
+ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Ñ‹ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ FreeBSD: Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¸ Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº ISO, Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ DVD (disc1, dvd1), Ñ‚Đ°Đº и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ (bootonly), Đ° Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ„Đ»Ñ�ш-Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ USB Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹Ñ‡Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ и Đ¼Đ¸Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Ñ‘Đ¼Đ°.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½: Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… диÑ�ĐºĐ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ¾Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ°Ñ‚ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ½ÑƒÑ� FreeBSD.
+
+ДлÑ� Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼: Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ SD.
+
+[[download]]
+== Đ�Đ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸
+
+Đ ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Đµ (`RELEASE`) Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreeBSD Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ¾Đ½ĐµÑ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ€ĐµĐ·ÑƒĐ»ÑŒÑ‚Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼ _Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ²_ и Ñ€ĐµĐºĐ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ½Đ´ÑƒÑ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹.
+
+[[download-rel143]]
+=== FreeBSD {rel143-current}-RELEASE
+
+[.tblbasic]
+[.tblDownload]
+[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ |VM |Đ�Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ SD |Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+a|
+* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[armv7]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc64]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc64le]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpcspe]
+* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[riscv64]
+
+a|
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-CI)
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] (BASIC-CI)
+
+a|
+* aarch64
+* {blank}
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[PINE64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[ROCK64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
+* armv7
+* {blank}
+** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[GENERICSD]
+* riscv64
+* {blank}
+** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[GENERICSD]
+
+a|
+* {blank}
+* link:../releases/#current[Релиз]: {rel143-current-date}
+* link:{u-rel143-notes}[Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°]
+* link:{u-rel143-readme}[Đ’Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�]
+* link:{u-rel143-hardware}[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]
+* link:{u-rel143-installation}[Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]
+* link:{u-rel143-errata}[Đ�еиÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]
+* link:{u-rel143-signatures}[Đ—Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼Ñ‹]
+
+|===
+
+== Đ�Đ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ (иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ)
+
+Đ�ĐµĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD, Ñ…Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ� и Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ�, Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸, Đ»Đ¸Đ±Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� из Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đº `STABLE`; Đ¾Đ½Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đº "иÑ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đµ" и, Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ� Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐºĐ¾ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ…, ĐºÑ‚Đ¾ Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¼Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ»ÑƒĐ¶Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Ñ�ÑƒÑ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ FreeBSD.
+
+[[download-rel135]]
+=== FreeBSD {rel135-current}-RELEASE
+[.tblbasic]
+[.tblDownload]
+[width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
+|===
+|ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ° уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ |VM |Đ�Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚Đ° Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ SD |Đ”Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�
+a|
+* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc64]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc64le]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpcspe]
+* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[riscv64]
+
+a|
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-
+CI)
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] (BASIC-CI)
+
+a|
+* aarch64
+* {blank}
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[PINE64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[PINEBOOK]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[ROCK64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
+* armv6/armv7
+* {blank}
+** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[GENERICSD]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[RPI-B]
+* riscv64
+* {blank}
+** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[GENERICSD]
+
+a|
+* link:../releases/#current[Релиз]: {rel135-current-date}
+* link:{u-rel135-notes}[Đ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°]
+* link:{u-rel135-readme}[Đ’Đ²Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ�]
+* link:{u-rel135-hardware}[Đ˜Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ± Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]
+* link:{u-rel135-installation}[Đ˜Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ]
+* link:{u-rel135-errata}[Đ�еиÑ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ°Đ²Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸]
+* link:{u-rel135-signatures}[Đ—Đ°Đ²ĐµÑ€ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đµ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ�ÑƒĐ¼Đ¼Ñ‹]
+|===
+
+[[helptest]]
+== Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ° и Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ
+
+Đ’ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии FreeBSD, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Đµ `RELEASE`, Đ½Đµ Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Ñ‹ Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ¼Ñ‹ÑˆĐ»ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�ĐºÑ�Đ¿Đ»ÑƒĐ°Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸:
+
+* `CURRENT` – Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ½Đ°Ñ� Đ²ĐµÑ‚ĐºĐ°, Ñ†ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ€ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸
+* `STABLE` – Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ `CURRENT`, Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ³Đ¾Ñ�Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¸ Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºÑƒ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ°
+* Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° – `ALPHA`, `BETA`, ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ° (`RC`) – Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ»Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ `STABLE`.
+
+Đ—Đ°Đ³Đ»Đ°Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ±ÑƒĐºĐ²Ñ‹ Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ. Đ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñƒ:
+
+* Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ _Đ±ĐµÑ‚Đ°-Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·_ Đ½Đµ Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� (Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´ÑƒĐºÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼) Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ `RELEASE`.
+
+Đ¡Đ»Đ¾Đ²Đ¾ `CURRENT` Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ´Đ° Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ½ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Đ·ÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹:
+
+* еÑ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¸Ñ‰ĐµÑ‚Đµ _Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑƒÑ‰ÑƒÑ� Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD_, Ñ‚Đ¾, Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Ñ€ĐµĐµ Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ³Đ¾, Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ½ÑƒĐ¶Đ½Đ° Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ� (`RELEASE`) Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� (Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ Đ²Ñ‹ÑˆĐµ), Đ° **Đ½Đµ** `CURRENT`. ДлÑ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ†ĐµÑ�Ñ�Đ° Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸ `CURRENT` Đ¸Đ¼ĐµĐµÑ‚ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đµ Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+
+[[download-snapshots]]
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ¶ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºĐ¸
+
+Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ´ĐµĐ»Ñƒ link:../snapshots/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Đ¼ĐµĐ¶ÑƒÑ‚Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹ FreeBSD].
+
+=== FreeBSD {rel-head}-ALPHA
+
+Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ SD Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[aarch64] и link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[riscv64].
+
+Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/amd64/Latest/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] и link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64].
+
+=== FreeBSD {rel143-current}-STABLE
+
+Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ SD Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpcspe], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[aarch64] и link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[riscv64].
+
+Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-STABLE/amd64/Latest/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-STABLE/i386/Latest/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-STABLE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] и link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-STABLE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64].
+
+=== FreeBSD {rel135-current}-STABLE
+
+Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Ñ‡Đ½Ñ‹Đµ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ и Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ĐºĐ°Ñ€Ñ‚ Đ¿Đ°Đ¼Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ SD Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpcspe], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[armv6], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[aarch64] и link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[riscv64].
+
+Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ Đ²Đ¸Ñ€Ñ‚ÑƒĐ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¼Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Đ½ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-STABLE/amd64/Latest/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-STABLE/i386/Latest/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-STABLE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] и link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-STABLE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64].
+
+[[install]]
+== Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ°
+
+Đ˜Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸ĐµÑ�Ñ� Đ²Đ°Ñ€Đ¸Đ°Đ½Ñ‚Ñ‹:
+
+* Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹
+* Đ¿Ñ€Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ (Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ FTP и HTTPS).
+
+Đ”Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, ĐºĐ°Đº Ñ�ĐºĐ°Ñ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚Đµ link:{handbook}bsdinstall/[Ñ€ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐµ].
+
+Đ•Ñ�ли Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Đµ Ñ�Đ³Ñ€ÑƒĐ·Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ FreeBSD Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ FTP или HTTPS, Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD Đ½Đ° Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¼ĐµÑ‚ Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ‡Đ¸Ñ� link:{handbook}mirrors/#mirrors[Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Ñ…Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ�Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ… Ñ�ĐµÑ€Đ²ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ²] Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ³Đ¾ Ñ€ĐµĐ³Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ°.
+
+[[distribution]]
+== ĐŸĐ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¿ĐºĐ° Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Ñ� FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶Đ½Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¾Đ±Ñ€ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ½Đ° DVD у ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ http://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSD Mall] и Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… link:{handbook}mirrors/#mirrors-disc[Đ¸Đ·Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ DVD].
+
+[[apps]]
+== ĐŸÑ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� и ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹
+
+=== Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²
+
+Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‚ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‹Đµ Đ±Ñ‹Đ»Đ¸ _Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Ñ‹_ Đ²Đ¾ FreeBSD.
+
+* link:../ports/[Đ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ… FreeBSD]
+* https://www.freshports.org/[FreshPorts - Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ²ĐµĐ±-Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ� Đº Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸]
+* link:{handbook}ports/[Đ£Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ° Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ»Đ¾Đ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹: Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Ñ‹ и Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ‹] Đ² Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¿Đ¾ FreeBSD
+* ĐŸÑ€Đ¾Ñ�Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ€ Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Đ¸: https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/tree/[Git-Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰Đµ Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD] | https://download.freebsd.org/ports/[Đ²ĐµĐ±].
+
+Đ§Ñ‚Đ¾Đ±Ñ‹ ÑƒĐ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ, ĐºĐ°Đº _Đ²Ñ‹_ Đ¼Đ¾Đ¶ĐµÑ‚Đµ Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ°Đ²Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒ _Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐµ_ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ�Đ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐºÑ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ², Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đº ĐºĐ½Đ¸Đ³Đµ _link:{porters-handbook}[Đ ÑƒĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ¾ Đ¿Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Đ·Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²]_ и Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒĐµ _link:{contributing}[Đ£Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đµ Đ² Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đµ FreeBSD]_.
+
+[[derived]]
+== ДиÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼, Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ½Đ° FreeBSD
+
+FreeBSD ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾ĐºĐ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼ĐµÑ€Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Ñ… Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ и Đ¾Đ¿ĐµÑ€Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¾Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼ Ñ� Đ¾Ñ‚ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ¼ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ¼.
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ¸Đ¶Đµ Đ¾Ñ�Đ¾Đ±ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đµ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ‹.
+
+* https://www.truenas.com/[TrueNAS] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ»Đ¸Ñ‰ (NAS), ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đµ Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡Đ¸Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đµ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đµ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… и Đ·Đ°Ñ‰Đ¸Ñ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¸Ñ… Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… ÑƒĐ³Ñ€Đ¾Đ·, Ñ�Đ²Ñ�Đ·Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ� Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ³Ñ€Đ°Đ¼Đ¼Đ°Đ¼Đ¸-Đ²Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸. TrueNAS ÑƒĐ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‰Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»Ñ�Đ¼ и ĐºĐ»Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Ñ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ уÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°Đ¼ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ Đº Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸ Đ¿Đ¾Đ¼Đ¾Ñ‰Đ¸ Đ¿Ñ€Đ°ĐºÑ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸ Đ»Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ°.
+* https://www.ghostbsd.org[GhostBSD] Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ° FreeBSD и иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµÑ‚ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ GTK Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¾Đ±ĐµÑ�Đ¿ĐµÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºÑ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¸Đ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Ñ„ĐµĐ¹Ñ�Đ° и ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Đ½Đ° Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Đ¿Đ»Đ°Ñ‚Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đµ BSD, Đ² ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒÑ� еÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼ Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ¼ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ¾ UNIX(R)-Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ±Đ½Đ¾Đµ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐµ Đ¾ĐºÑ€ÑƒĐ¶ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đµ.
+* https://www.midnightbsd.org[MidnightBSD] Đ¾Ñ‚Đ²ĐµÑ‚Đ²Đ¸Đ»Đ°Ñ�ÑŒ Đ¾Ñ‚ FreeBSD 6.1 beta и Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ¾Đ»Đ¶Đ°ĐµÑ‚ иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñ‡Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ Đ±Đ¾Đ»ĐµĐµ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ€ĐµĐ¼ĐµĐ½Đ½Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ ĐºĐ¾Đ´Đ° FreeBSD. Đ Đ°Đ·Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ°Ñ‚Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ� Ñ� Đ¾Ñ€Đ¸ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Ñ†Đ¸ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿ÑŒÑ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¾Đ², MidnightBSD Đ²ĐºĐ»Ñ�Ñ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ²Ñ�Ñ‘ и даже Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐµ Ñ‚Đ¾Đ³Đ¾, Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹ Đ¼Đ¾Đ³Đ»Đ¸ Đ±Ñ‹ Đ¾Đ¶Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ²Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… Đ¿Đ¾Đ²Ñ�ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ²Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡: Đ¿Đ¾Ñ‡Ñ‚Đ°, Đ²ĐµĐ±-Ñ�ĐµÑ€Ñ„Đ¸Đ½Đ³, Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ° Ñ� Đ´Đ¾ĐºÑƒĐ¼ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ¸Đ³Ñ€Ñ‹.
+* https://www.nomadbsd.org[NomadBSD] Ñ�Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‡ĐµĐ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Ñ…Ñ€Đ°Đ½Ñ�ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đ¼ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ„Đ»Ñ�ш-Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¿Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¹ USB, ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ±Đ°Đ·Đ¸Ñ€ÑƒĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ½Đ° FreeBSD. Đ�Đ°Ñ€Ñ�Đ´Ñƒ Ñ� Đ°Đ²Ñ‚Đ¾Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‡ĐµÑ�ĐºĐ¸Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸ĐµĐ¼ и Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾Đ¹ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ÑƒĐ´Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�, Đ¾Đ½Đ° Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�иÑ�Ñ‚ĐµĐ¼Ñ‹, Ñ�Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñƒ же Đ³Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ²Đ¾Đ¹ Đº Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đµ, Đ½Đ¾ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€ĐµÑˆĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ·Đ°Đ´Đ°Ñ‡ Đ²Đ¾Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ´Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Ñ…, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ†ĐµĐ»Ñ�Ñ… или Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ°Đ¿Đ¿Đ°Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ½Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¾Đ²Đ¼ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ¸Đ¼Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¸ FreeBSD.
+* https://www.pfsense.org/[pfSense] Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ Ñ�Đ¾Đ±Đ¾Đ¹ Ñ�Đ¿ĐµÑ†Đ¸Đ°Đ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ„Đ¸Đ³ÑƒÑ€Đ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ диÑ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¸Đ±ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ², Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đ½Đ° базе FreeBSD, Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ½Đ°Đ·Đ½Đ°Ñ‡ĐµĐ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¹ Đº иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ² ĐºĐ°Ñ‡ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ĐµĐ²Đ¾Đ³Đ¾ Ñ�ĐºÑ€Đ°Đ½Đ° и Đ¼Đ°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Đ¸Đ·Đ°Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°.
+
+[[past]]
+== Đ�Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Đ²Ñ‹
+
+http://ftp-archive.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/[ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ÑˆĐ»Ñ‹Đµ Ñ€ĐµĐ»Đ¸Đ·Ñ‹] FreeBSD.
+
+[[fastly]]
+== Đ¡ĐµÑ‚ÑŒ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ° Fastly
+
+ĐŸÑ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚ FreeBSD Ñ� Đ±Đ»Đ°Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ€Đ½Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑŒÑ� Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°ĐµÑ‚ Đ¿Đ¾Đ´Đ´ĐµÑ€Đ¶ĐºÑƒ Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ¾Đ½Ñ‹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¿Đ°Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ https://www.fastly.com[Fastly], ĐºĐ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»Ñ�ĐµÑ‚ уÑ�Đ»ÑƒĐ³Đ¸ Ñ�ĐµÑ‚Đ¸ Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²ĐºĐ¸ ĐºĐ¾Đ½Ñ‚ĐµĐ½Ñ‚Đ°, ĐºÑ�ÑˆĐ¸Ñ€Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ� и Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ²Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ°Đ»Đ¾Đ² Ñ�Đ²Ñ�зи, иÑ�Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑŒĐ·ÑƒĐµĐ¼Ñ‹Đµ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Đ¾Đ² и Đ¿Đ°ĐºĐµÑ‚Đ¾Đ² FreeBSD Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐµĐ¼Ñƒ Đ¼ĐµĐ¶Đ´ÑƒĐ½Đ°Ñ€Đ¾Đ´Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ€Đ°Ñ�Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ»Ñ‘Đ½Đ½Đ¾Đ¼Ñƒ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Ñƒ.
+
+image::../gifs/fastlyLogo-red-SVG.svg[Fastly Logo,120]
+
+Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Ñ‚Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ‚Đ°ĐºĐ¶Đµ Đº Đ¼Đ°Ñ‚ĐµÑ€Đ¸Đ°Đ»Đ°Đ¼ Đ¾ link:{handbook}mirrors[Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ»Đ°Ñ… Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾ĐµĐºÑ‚Đ° FreeBSD].
diff --git a/website/content/zh-tw/platforms/_index.adoc b/website/content/zh-tw/platforms/_index.adoc
index 032a083a8d..50269cb7f7 100644
--- a/website/content/zh-tw/platforms/_index.adoc
+++ b/website/content/zh-tw/platforms/_index.adoc
@@ -13,28 +13,40 @@ include::shared/zh-tw/urls.adoc[]
 
 以下列出 FreeBSD ç›®å‰�支æ�´ç�„å¹³å�°æ¸…å–®ă€‚
 
-[cols=",,",options="header",]
+[.tblbasic]
+[cols=",,,,",options="header",]
 |===
-|計��� |郵件論壇 |link:{committers-guide}#archs[支�平�]
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/amd64/[FreeBSD/amd64 計�] |freebsd-amd64@FreeBSD.org |Tier 1
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/arm/[FreeBSD/ARM 計�] |freebsd-arm@FreeBSD.org |Tier 2
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/arm/[FreeBSD/arm64 計�] |freebsd-arm@FreeBSD.org |Tier 2
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/i386/[FreeBSD/i386 計�] |freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org |Tier 1
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/mips/[FreeBSD/MIPS 計�] |freebsd-mips@FreeBSD.org |Tier 3
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ppc/[FreeBSD/ppc 計�] |freebsd-ppc@FreeBSD.org |Tier 2
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/sparc/[FreeBSD/sparc64 計�] |freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.org |Tier 2
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/xbox/[FreeBSD/xbox 計�] |freebsd-current@FreeBSD.org |N/A
+|平��稱 |TARGET_ARCH |13.x link:{committers-guide}#archs[支�等�] |14.x link:{committers-guide}#archs[支�等�] |15.x �期 link:{committers-guide}#archs[支�等�]
+|64-bit x86 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/amd64/[amd64] |Tier 1 |Tier 1 |Tier 1
+|32-bit x86 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/i386/[i386] |Tier 2 |Tier 2 |未支�
+|64-bit ARMv8 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/arm/[aarch64] |Tier 1 |Tier 1 |Tier 1
+|32-bit ARMv6 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/arm/[armv6] |Tier 2 |Tier 3 |未支�
+|32-bit ARMv7 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/arm/[armv7] |Tier 2 |Tier 2 |Tier 2
+|32-bit MIPS soft-float |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/mips/[mips, mipsel] |Tier 2 |未支� |未支�
+|32-bit MIPS hard-float |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/mips/[mipshf, mipselhf] |Tier 2 |未支� |未支�
+|32-bit MIPS n32 |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/mips/[mipsn32] |Tier 2 |未支� |未支�
+|64-bit MIPS soft-float |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/mips/[mips64, mips64el] |Tier 2 |未支� |未支�
+|64-bit MIPS hard-float |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/mips/[mips64hf, mips64elhf] |Tier 2 |未支� |未支�
+|32-bit PowerPC |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ppc/[powerpc] |Tier 2 |Tier 2 |未支�
+|32-bit PowerPC with SPE |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ppc/[powerpcspe] |Tier 2 |Tier 2 |未支�
+|64-bit PowerPC big-endian |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ppc/[powerpc64] |Tier 2 |Tier 2 |Tier 2
+|64-bit PowerPC little-endian |link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ppc/[powerpc64le] |Tier 2 |Tier 2 |Tier 2
+|64-bit RISC-V |https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv[riscv64] |Tier 2 |Tier 2 |Tier 2
+|64-bit RISC-V soft-float |https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv[riscv64sf] |Tier 2 |未支� |未支�
 |===
 
 == �支��平�
 
+這些平��有�版� FreeBSD 支�
+
+[.tblbasic]
 [cols=",,",options="header",]
 |===
-|計��� |郵件論壇 |link:{committers-guide}#archs[支�平�]
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/alpha/[FreeBSD/alpha 計�] |freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.org |Tier 4 (7.0R 後�繼續支�)
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/ia64/[FreeBSD/ia64 計å�ƒ] |freebsd-ia64@FreeBSD.org |Tier 2 到 FreeBSD 10 ，之後ä¸�支æ�´ă€‚
-|link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv[FreeBSD/RISC-V Project] |freebsd-riscv@FreeBSD.org |自 FreeBSD 12 開始為 Tier 3
-|link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/pc98/[FreeBSD/pc98 計å�ƒ] |re-pc98@FreeBSD.org |Tier 2 到 FreeBSD 11 ，之後ä¸�支æ�´ă€‚
+|平��稱 |TARGET_ARCH |最後支�版本
+|Alpha |alpha |link:../releases/#rel6-4[6.4]
+|32-bit little-endian ARM v4/v5|arm |link:../releases/#rel12-4[12.4]
+|32-bit big-endian ARM |armeb |link:../releases/#rel11-4[11.4]
+|Intel IA-64 |ia64 |link:../releases/#rel10-4[10.4]
+|PC98 |pc98 |link:../releases/#rel11-4[11.4]
+|64-bit SPARCv9 |sparc64 |link:../releases/#rel12-4[12.4]
 |===
-
-一般性平��題，請寄至 freebsd-arch@FreeBSD.org
diff --git a/website/content/zh-tw/where.adoc b/website/content/zh-tw/where.adoc
index a1c985b147..37b1a86b51 100644
--- a/website/content/zh-tw/where.adoc
+++ b/website/content/zh-tw/where.adoc
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ FreeBSD 安è£�程å¼�有許å¤�ä¸�å�Œç�„æ ¼å¼�å�¯ä¾›ä¸‹è¼‰ï¼ŒåŒ…å�« CD (disc1)ă€�D
 
 FreeBSD `RELEASE` 版本為 _release engineering_ ç�„最終æˆ�æ�œă€‚
 
-[[download-rel141]]
-=== FreeBSD {rel141-current}-RELEASE
+[[download-rel143]]
+=== FreeBSD {rel143-current}-RELEASE
 
 [.tblbasic]
 [.tblDownload]
@@ -48,53 +48,58 @@ FreeBSD `RELEASE` 版本為 _release engineering_ ç�„最終æˆ�æ�œă€‚
 |===
 |安�程�映�檔 |虛擬機映�檔 |SD �映�檔 |文件
 a|
-* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[amd64]
-* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[i386]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[powerpc]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[powerpc64]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[powerpc64le]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[powerpcspe]
-* link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[armv7]
-* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[aarch64]
-* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[riscv64]
+* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[armv7]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc64]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpc64le]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[powerpcspe]
+* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[riscv64]
 
 a|
 * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
-* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-CI)
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-CI)
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel143-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] (BASIC-CI)
 
 a|
 * aarch64
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[PINE64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[ROCK64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[PINE64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[ROCK64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
 * armv7
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[GENERICSD]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[GENERICSD]
 * riscv64
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[GENERICSD]
+** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel143-current}/[GENERICSD]
 
 a|
 * {blank}
-* link:../releases/#current[發行於]: {rel141-current-date}
-* link:{u-rel141-notes}[發行說�]
-* link:{u-rel141-readme}[Readme]
-* link:{u-rel141-hardware}[硬體相容性表]
-* link:{u-rel141-installation}[安�說�]
-* link:{u-rel141-errata}[勘誤]
-* link:{u-rel141-signatures}[校驗�]
+* link:../releases/#current[發行於]: {rel143-current-date}
+* link:{u-rel143-notes}[發行說�]
+* link:{u-rel143-readme}[Readme]
+* link:{u-rel143-hardware}[硬體相容性表]
+* link:{u-rel143-installation}[安�說�]
+* link:{u-rel143-errata}[勘誤]
+* link:{u-rel143-signatures}[校驗�]
 
 |===
 
-[[download-rel140]]
-=== FreeBSD {rel140-current}-RELEASE
+== Production �質 (legacy)
+
+æŸ�些 FreeBSD `RELEASEs` 版本雖然ä»�然支æ�´ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æ˜¯ç”±è¼ƒèˆ�ç�„ `STABLE` åˆ†æ”¯å»ºæ§‹è€Œä¾†ă€‚å®ƒå€‘è¢«èª�為是 "legacy" 版本，å�¯èƒ½å�ªæœ‰ç¶­è­·ç�¾æœ‰ FreeBSD 系統ç�„人æ‰�æœ‰èˆˆè¶£ă€‚
+
+[[download-rel142]]
+=== FreeBSD {rel142-current}-RELEASE
 
 [.tblbasic]
 [.tblDownload]
@@ -102,101 +107,103 @@ a|
 |===
 |安�程�映�檔 |虛擬機映�檔 |SD �映�檔 |文件
 a|
-* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[amd64]
-* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[i386]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[powerpc]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[powerpc64]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[powerpc64le]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[powerpcspe]
-* link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[armv7]
-* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[aarch64]
-* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[riscv64]
+* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[armv7]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[powerpc]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[powerpc64]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[powerpc64le]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[powerpcspe]
+* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[riscv64]
 
 a|
 * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel140-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel140-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel140-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel140-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
-* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel140-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-CI)
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-CI)
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel142-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] (BASIC-CI)
 
 a|
 * aarch64
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[ROCK64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[PINE64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[ROCK64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
 * armv7
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[GENERICSD]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[GENERICSD]
 * riscv64
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel140-current}/[GENERICSD]
+** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel142-current}/[GENERICSD]
 
 a|
 * {blank}
-* link:../releases/#current[發行於]: {rel140-current-date}
-* link:{u-rel140-notes}[發行說�]
-* link:{u-rel140-readme}[Readme]
-* link:{u-rel140-hardware}[硬體相容性表]
-* link:{u-rel140-installation}[安�說�]
-* link:{u-rel140-errata}[勘誤]
-* link:{u-rel140-signatures}[校驗�]
+* link:../releases/#current[發行於]: {rel142-current-date}
+* link:{u-rel142-notes}[發行說�]
+* link:{u-rel142-readme}[Readme]
+* link:{u-rel142-hardware}[硬體相容性表]
+* link:{u-rel142-installation}[安�說�]
+* link:{u-rel142-errata}[勘誤]
+* link:{u-rel142-signatures}[校驗�]
 
 |===
 
-[[download-rel133]]
-=== FreeBSD {rel133-current}-RELEASE
+[[download-rel135]]
+=== FreeBSD {rel135-current}-RELEASE
 [.tblbasic]
 [.tblDownload]
 [width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",]
 |===
 |安�程�映�檔 |虛擬機映�檔 |SD �映�檔 |文件
 a|
-* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[amd64]
-* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[i386]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[powerpc]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[powerpc64]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[powerpc64le]
-* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[powerpcspe]
-* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[aarch64]
-* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[riscv64]
+* link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc64]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpc64le]
+* link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[powerpcspe]
+* link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[riscv64]
 
 a|
 * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel133-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel133-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel133-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
-* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel133-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
-* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel133-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-CI)
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]
+* link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] (BASIC-CI)
+* link:{url-rel}/CI-IMAGES/{rel135-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] (BASIC-CI)
 
 a|
 * aarch64
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[PINE64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[PINEBOOK]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[ROCK64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[PINE64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[PINE64-LTS]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[PINEBOOK]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[ROCK64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[ROCKPRO64]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[RPI] (3/4)
 * armv6/armv7
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[GENERICSD]
-** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[RPI-B]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[GENERICSD]
+** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[RPI-B]
 * riscv64
 * {blank}
-** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[GENERICSD]
+** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel135-current}/[GENERICSD]
 
 a|
-* link:../releases/#current[發行於]: {rel133-current-date}
-* link:{u-rel133-notes}[發行說�]
-* link:{u-rel133-readme}[Readme]
-* link:{u-rel133-hardware}[硬體相容性表]
-* link:{u-rel133-installation}[安�說�]
-* link:{u-rel133-errata}[勘誤]
-* link:{u-rel133-signatures}[校驗�]
-
+* link:../releases/#current[發行於]: {rel135-current-date}
+* link:{u-rel135-notes}[發行說�]
+* link:{u-rel135-readme}[Readme]
+* link:{u-rel135-hardware}[硬體相容性表]
+* link:{u-rel135-installation}[安�說�]
+* link:{u-rel135-errata}[勘誤]
+* link:{u-rel135-signatures}[校驗�]
 |===
 
 [[helptest]]
@@ -223,17 +230,17 @@ a|
 
 == FreeBSD {rel-head}-CURRENT
 
-安�程�與SD�映�檔�link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpcspe], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[armv6], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[riscv64].
+安è£�程å¼�與SDå�¡æ˜ åƒ�檔ï¼�link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[aarch64]，與 link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[riscv64]。
 
-虛擬機映�檔�link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/amd64/Latest/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/i386/Latest/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64].
+虛擬機映åƒ�檔ï¼� link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/amd64/Latest/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64]，與 link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64]。
 
-=== FreeBSD {rel141-current}-STABLE
+=== FreeBSD {rel143-current}-STABLE
 
 安�程�與SD�映�檔�link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[powerpc], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[powerpcspe], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel141-current}/[riscv64].
 
 虛擬機映�檔�link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-STABLE/amd64/Latest/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-STABLE/i386/Latest/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-STABLE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel141-current}-STABLE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64].
 
-=== FreeBSD {rel133-current}-STABLE
+=== FreeBSD {rel135-current}-STABLE
 
 安�程�與SD�映�檔�link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[amd64], link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[i386], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel132-current}/[powerpc], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[powerpc64], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[powerpc64le], link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[powerpcspe], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[armv6], link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[armv7], link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[aarch64], and link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel133-current}/[riscv64].
 
@@ -284,4 +291,4 @@ FreeBSD 被廣泛用作其他商業å��é–‹æº�作業系統ç�„åŸºçŸ³ă€‚ä»¥ä¸‹ç�„é …
 [[past]]
 == ���發行版
 
-請至 http://ftp-archive.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/[FTP 存檔] ä¸‹è¼‰ă€‚
\ No newline at end of file
+請至 http://ftp-archive.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/[FTP 存檔] ä¸‹è¼‰ă€‚
diff --git a/website/data/en/events/events2025.toml b/website/data/en/events/events2025.toml
index 1e75d1d8ab..18287cb1fb 100644
--- a/website/data/en/events/events2025.toml
+++ b/website/data/en/events/events2025.toml
@@ -45,5 +45,28 @@ endDate = "2025-09-28"
 countryCode = "HR"
 country = "Croatia"
 city = "Zagreb"
-site = "TBA"
+site = "Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FER)"
 description = "EuroBSDcon is the European annual technical conference gathering users and developers working on and with 4.4BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) based operating systems family and related projects."
+
+[[events]]
+id = "openzfs-2025"
+name = "OpenZFS Developers Summit 2025"
+url = "https://openzfs.org/wiki/OpenZFS_Developer_Summit_2025"
+startDate = "2025-10-25"
+endDate = "2025-10-28"
+countryCode = "US"
+country = "United States"
+city = "Portland, OR"
+site = "Hillsdale neighborhood"
+description = "The goal of the event is to foster cross-community discussions of OpenZFS work and to make progress on some of the projects we have proposed. This 4-day event consisted of 2-day of User Summit, 1-day of Developer Summit, and a 1-day Developer Summit Hackathon."
+
+[[events]]
+id = "freebsd-summit-2025"
+name = "Fall 2025 FreeBSD Summit"
+url = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/news-and-events/event-calendar/fall-2025-freebsd-summit/"
+startDate = "2025-11-06"
+endDate = "2025-11-07"
+country = "United States"
+city = "San Jose, CA"
+site = "NetApp Campus"
+description = "The FreeBSD Summit is an event held annually to bring the FreeBSD community together to learn, network, and drive FreeBSD use. Each year the event gathers FreeBSD users including: decision makers, software engineers, and individual contributors and users, to share best practices and successes in their use of FreeBSD. The FreeBSD Summit also provides the unique opportunity to discuss issues with the developer community in-person."
diff --git a/website/data/en/news/news.toml b/website/data/en/news/news.toml
index 3ee66a6033..8657a7f010 100644
--- a/website/data/en/news/news.toml
+++ b/website/data/en/news/news.toml
@@ -1,11 +1,70 @@
 # Sort news by year, month and day
 
 [[news]]
+date = "2025-10-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 15.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv7, powerpc64, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-October/003383.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-10-05"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA5 Available"
+description = "The fifth ALPHA build for the FreeBSD 15.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv7, aarch64, powerpc64, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-October/003330.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-28"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tiga@FreeBSD.org\">Tiago Gasiba</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA4 Available"
+description = "The fourth ALPHA build for the FreeBSD 15.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv7, aarch64, powerpc64, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003265.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-22"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA3 Available"
+description = "The third ALPHA build for the FreeBSD 15.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv7, aarch64, powerpc64, and powerpc64le architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003240.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA2 Available"
+description = "The second ALPHA build for the FreeBSD 15.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003182.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:andy@FreeBSD.org\">Andrei Zakhvatov</a> (doc/ru)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jaeyoon@FreeBSD.org\">Jaeyoon Choi</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:vladlen@FreeBSD.org\">Vladlen Popolitov</a> (doc/ru)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA1 Available"
+description = "The first ALPHA build for the FreeBSD 15.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, powerpc64le, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003112.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2025-08-29"
+title = "April-June 2025 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/\">April to June Status Report</a> is now available with 32 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-07-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:obiwac@FreeBSD.org\">Aymeric Wibo</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
 date = "2025-07-01"
 description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:aokblast@FreeBSD.org\">ShengYi Hung</a> (src)"
 
 [[news]]
 date = "2025-06-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:alven@FreeBSD.org\">Ă„lven</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-13"
 description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:vexeduxr@FreeBSD.org\">Ahmad Khalifa</a> (src)"
 
 [[news]]
diff --git a/website/data/en/press/press.toml b/website/data/en/press/press.toml
index 36a892a306..3af9196e1b 100644
--- a/website/data/en/press/press.toml
+++ b/website/data/en/press/press.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,50 @@
 # Sort the entries by date
 [[press]]
+name = "Insights from the 2025 FreeBSD Community Survey"
+url = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/insights-from-the-2025-freebsd-community-survey/"
+siteName = "FreeBSD Foundation"
+siteUrl = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/"
+date = "2025-09-23"
+author = "FreeBSD Foundation"
+description = "Your feedback on how FreeBSD is being used today"
+
+[[press]]
+name = "FreeBSD Jails are Simple and Easy"
+url = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/freebsd-jails-are-simple-and-easy/"
+siteName = "FreeBSD Foundation Blog"
+siteUrl = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/"
+date = "2025-08-25"
+author = "FreeBSD Foundation"
+description = "Jails. The lightweight answer to containerisation"
+
+[[press]]
+name = "From Minecraft to Markets: Java Hiding in Plain Sight"
+url = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/from-minecraft-to-markets-java-hiding-in-plain-sight/"
+siteName = "FreeBSD Foundation Blog"
+siteUrl = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/"
+date = "2025-07-22"
+author = "FreeBSD Foundation"
+description = "Did you know Java was used here and here?"
+
+[[press]]
+name = "An Introduction to FreeBSD’s Periodic System"
+url = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/an-introduction-to-freebsds-periodic-system/"
+siteName = "FreeBSD Foundation Blog"
+siteUrl = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/"
+date = "2025-07-08"
+author = "FreeBSD Foundation"
+description = "The FreeBSD periodic utility is a built-in system to schedule and run regular maintenance jobs in the form of shell scripts"
+
+[[press]]
+name = "How To Install and Configure Galene Video Meeting Server"
+url = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/how-to-install-and-configure-the-galene-video-meeting-server-on-freebsd/"
+siteName = "FreeBSD Foundation Blog"
+siteUrl = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/"
+date = "2025-07-07"
+author = "FreeBSD Foundation"
+description = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/how-to-install-and-configure-the-galene-video-meeting-server-on-freebsd/"
+
+[[press]]
 name = "FreeBSD Foundation Welcomes New Board Member: John Baldwin"
 url = "https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/freebsd-foundation-welcomes-new-board-member-john-baldwin/"
 siteName = "FreeBSD Foundation Blog"
diff --git a/website/data/en/vendors/consulting.toml b/website/data/en/vendors/consulting.toml
index 78267c8d38..3517b6e1e9 100644
--- a/website/data/en/vendors/consulting.toml
+++ b/website/data/en/vendors/consulting.toml
@@ -16,20 +16,6 @@ url = "http://www.ateamsystems.com/"
 description = "A-Team Systems has over 15 years of experience helping clients leverage the power of in combination with other open source software such as PHP, MySQL and Apache in a secure, customized and cohesive way. We have been with since version 1.0! We can help you with your existing deployment or future plans: From encrypted backups to web and mail servers. Visit our <a href=\"http://www.ateamsystems.com/\">website</a> for more information."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "anonbsd"
-category = "samerica"
-name = "AnonBSD Inc."
-url = "https://sites.google.com/site/anonbsd/"
-description = "We provide IT environment consulting. Support in FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Linux (Debian, RedHat, SUSE, Gentoo, Slackware) and OpenSolaris. High availability, virtualization, monitoring, security, deployment, network infrastructure. We service in SĂ£o Paulo/SP and Campinas/SP in Brazil. Contact us via e-mail (<a href=\"mailto:ricardo.ichizo@gmail.com\">ricardo.ichizo@gmail.com</a>) or by phone at +55 (19) 8202-1567."
-
-[[consulting]]
-id = "audacix"
-category = "australia"
-name = "Audacix"
-url = "https://www.audacix.com"
-description = "At Audacix we help our customers maximise profits by shipping bug-free and secure software. Talk to us if you need help with your architecture, digital transformation, DevOps practice and <a href=\"https://www.audacix.com/p/penetration-testing-services.html\">cybersecurity</a>. Call us on +61 3 7001 1430 or +44 20 3411 4974 to skyrocket your software delivery to the next level."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "BMK"
 category = "australia"
 name = "B.M.K. Industries"
@@ -44,11 +30,11 @@ url = "http://www.bpanet.de/"
 description = "Black Point Arts Internet Solutions GmbH is located in Germany (Frankfurt/Main). We have experiences with FreeBSD, Linux and Windows Servers. Our business activities include hosting/homing, programming and webdesign. We develop solutions for your intra-, extra- and internet needs. For more information you can visit <a href=\"http://www.bpanet.de/\">our website</a> or write an email to <a href=\"mailto:service@bpanet.de\">service@bpanet.de</a>."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "RossCameron"
+id = "PrometheusSystems"
 category = "africa"
-name = "Ross Cameron"
-url = "mailto:rwd.cameron@consultant.com"
-description = "Based in Johannesburg, South Africa, we provide a broad range of UNIX systems consulting services including systems administration services (onsite and remote), network design and implementation (LANs, WiFi deployments, private and public cloud services, custom FreeBSD based firewalls), large storage deployments (ZFS, NFS, CIFS), and hypervisor deployments and management (Bhyve and KVM).  Contact Ross <a href=\"mailto:rwd.cameron@consultant.com\">via Email</a>."
+name = "Prometheus Systems"
+url = "https://prometheus-systems.co.za/"
+description = "Based in Johannesburg, South Africa, we provide a broad range of UNIX systems consulting services including systems administration services, both onsite and remote, network design and implementation (LANs, WiFi deployments, private and public cloud services, custom FreeBSD based firewalls), large storage deployments (ZFS, NFS, CIFS), and hypervisor deployments and management (Bhyve and KVM)."
 
 [[consulting]]
 id = "CloneConsulting"
@@ -142,20 +128,6 @@ url = "https://myserver.bg/en"
 description = "myserver.bg offers professional services to companies implementing open source solutions. We are BSD and Linux certified system administrators and network engineers. Day to day system administration includes databases, web services, high availability systems, virtualization, monitoring, telephony, and spam fighting. That is just part of the things that we do since 2001. For all these years we have gained exceptional experience in system administration, servers maintenance and network management. For more information please visit our web site."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "Nesbitt"
-category = "namerica"
-name = "Nesbitt & Associates"
-url = "http://www.nesbitt.ca/"
-description = "Nesbitt & Associates is based in Vancouver, Canada, but have worked with clients all over the world. We specialize in open source technologies, in particular, FreeBSD, Perl, Apache, mod_perl and MySQL. For more information, please visit <a href=\"http://www.nesbitt.ca/\">our web site</a>."
-
-[[consulting]]
-id = "NSWITS"
-category = "australia"
-name = "NSW IT Support"
-url = "http://nswits.com.au/"
-description = "NSW IT Support provides FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Linux installations services for secure antispam web servers that will make any customers happy. Visit our <a href=\"http://nswits.com.au\">website</a> for more information."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "OmarSiddique"
 category = "namerica"
 name = "Omar Siddique"
@@ -184,20 +156,6 @@ url = "http://www.ultimate.com/phil/resume.html"
 description = "Phil Budne is a Boston area consultant who has worked professionally with BSD and other Unix systems since 1985. Services include development and porting of kernel extensions, device drivers, network protocol implementation, and applications, as well as network and system administration. For more information contact <a href=\"mailto:phil+fbsd@ultimate.com\">phil+fbsd@ultimate.com</a>."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "psychsoftek"
-category = "namerica"
-name = "Psychsoft Consulting"
-url = "http://www.psychsoftek.com"
-description = "Psychsoft Consulting is an Industry recognized leading technology consulting firm based in Quincy, Massachusetts founded in 1987 with a highly educated, trained and experienced staff to help in all your IT needs. Psychsoft, Inc. personnel hold advanced degrees in various fields and have years of experience in IT implementation, troubleshooting, design and configuration. Areas of expertise include: Linux, Microsoft Windows, UNIX (including FreeBSD), TCP/IP, LAN, WAN, VPN, Network security, WIFI security, WIFI design, Database design, SQL, Web site design, Server design, System integration, Network printing and DSL/Broadband/T1 Internet access."
-
-[[consulting]]
-id = "Questwork"
-category = "asia"
-name = "Questwork Consulting Limited"
-url = "http://www.questwork.com/"
-description = "Questwork Consulting Limited is based in Hong Kong. We provide consulting, web application development, hosting & maintenance services on FreeBSD to our clients for more than 5 years. For more information, please contact us by email at <a href=\"mailto:freebsd@questwork.com\">freebsd@questwork.com</a> or visit our <a href=\"http://www.questwork.com/\">website</a>."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "Secnetix"
 category = "europe"
 name = "Secnetix GmbH and Co KG"
@@ -233,13 +191,6 @@ url = "http://www.tundraware.com/"
 description = "TundraWare Inc. provides FreeBSD related consultancy in all contexts, from Embedded to large Transaction Processing systems. We have extensive International experience and can provide services in network design, systems architecture, development, deployment and operations. Contact us via telephone on 847/827-1706, via email to <a href=\"mailto:info@tundraware.com\">info@tundraware.com</a> or write to us at TundraWare Inc., 817 Fairmont Court, Des Plaines, IL 60018, USA."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "UnixPorting"
-category = "namerica"
-name = "UnixPorting"
-url = "http://www.UnixPorting.com/"
-description = "UnixPorting.com specializes in the porting of existing software to new operating systems or hardware. In addition to porting, we specialize in C and Perl programming, Unix system administration and security, and open source technologies (FreeBSD, Perl, Apache, mod_perl, MySQL, etc.). For more information, please visit <a href=\"http://www.UnixPorting.com/\">our web site</a>."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "Raditex"
 category = "europe"
 name = "Raditex Control AB"
@@ -247,20 +198,6 @@ url = "http://www.raditex.nu/"
 description = "Raditex Control AB are a firm of consultants and also do education in Unix. We have long experience with all kinds of Unix systems not only FreeBSD or Linux. For more information phone us at +46 19 450105 or give us an email at <a href=\"mailto:gorhas@raditex.nu\">gorhas@raditex.nu</a> or <a href=\"http://raditex.nu/\">visit our web site</a>."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "Cybersource"
-category = "australia"
-name = "Cybersource Pty. Ltd"
-url = "http://www.cyber.com.au/"
-description = "Cybersource is Australia's leading IT Professional Services Company in the areas of Unix/FreeBSD/Linux, TCP/IP Datanetworking and Open Platform application development using these technologies. With around 40 staff, are based in Melbourne and have been successfully providing IT Professional Services for 10 years."
-
-[[consulting]]
-id = "Worria"
-category = "asia"
-name = "Worria Affordable Web Hosting"
-url = "https://worria.com"
-description = "Worria Affordable Web Hosting is a privately owned company in Hong Kong. We offer FreeBSD web hosting related consulting services, such as server administration and website management. For more details, please email <a href=\"mailto:sales@worria.com\">our sales team</a>."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "ZYTRAX"
 category = "namerica"
 name = "ZYTRAX, Inc"
@@ -303,13 +240,6 @@ url = "http://www.ctseuro.com"
 description = "CTS Consulting & Trade Service is a full service Consultant and Supplier for pre-installed FreeBSD Servers. We ship Firewalls, Internet Gateways, Mail Systems with virus protection, realtime http scanner, File and Print Servers. Network planning and implementation of WANS with IPSEC tunneling, Samba and Hylafax installations. Founded in 1985 with Unix and Mainframe experience since 1978. We are based in Salzburg and Vienna, Austria and have customer references throughout Europe and Eastern Europe ranging from 5 to 60000 Users. We are also shipping pre-installed Asterisk Telephone Systems and have best the references with it."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "fortuitous"
-category = "namerica"
-name = "Fortuitous Technologies"
-url = "http://fortuitous.com"
-description = "Fortuitous Technologies provides Performance Tuning, Capacity Planning, System Design, Network Design and security services for FreeBSD, Linux, and Unix systems worldwide. We cover Cloud, Grid, and Multi-tiered systems of all types. Contact us at <a href=\"http://fortuitous.com\">http://Fortuitous.com</a> for further information."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "netfence"
 category = "europe"
 name = "NetFence"
@@ -317,13 +247,6 @@ url = "http://www.netfence.it"
 description = "NetFence deploys and maintains Internet/intranet servers based on FreeBSD and other open source software (including Apache web server, Squid, Samba, Cyrus IMAP, PostgreSQL, OpenVPN and others). Network and client-side hardware/software/support is also offered, as well as custom programming and security coverage. It is located in Bologna, Italy and can be reached at <a href=\"mailto:freebsd@netfence.it\">freebsd@netfence.it</a>."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "ethon"
-category = "europe"
-name = "Ethon Technologies GmbH"
-url = "http://www.ethon.de"
-description = "Ethon Technologies GmbH -- located in Munich, Germany -- has a strong focus on BSD driven solutions. We offer professional consulting services as well as BSD based telecommunication systems, ranging from basic PBX to telco solutions up to 10.000.000 users. Feel free to contact us at <a href=\"mailto:info@ethon.de\">info@ethon.de</a> or drop us a voicemail: +49.89.255456.0"
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "hamburgnet"
 category = "europe"
 name = "Hamburgnet"
@@ -345,27 +268,6 @@ url = "http://www.pateconsulting.com/"
 description = "We specialize in providing solid open source solutions for businesses using OpenBSD, FreeBSD, and Linux. 6 years in business. 12 years of experience - MCSE, CCNA, RHCE certifications - Also MySQL, PostgreSQL. VPNs, firewalls, wireless, DNS, squidGuard, mail - even training with FreeBSD. You can contact us via <a href=\"mailto:info@pateconsulting.com\">e-mail</a>, call us at 713.333.5468 or send us a fax at 713.333.5494."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "firmbit"
-category = "namerica"
-name = "FirmbIT"
-url = "http://www.firmbit.com/index.php"
-description = "FirmbIT is a high quality server management and security company providing friendly reliable support specializing in high security installations and scalable solutions with support for FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Redhat, Fedora, CentOS, Debian, Slackware, Gentoo, SuSe, Mandrake and Sun Solaris servers."
-
-[[consulting]]
-id = "oullet"
-category = "namerica"
-name = "Ouellet Consulting Inc."
-url = "http://sirius.danosoft.com/oci/index.html"
-description = "OCI specialize in systems/networks design, implementation and security solutions, including solutions meeting HIPPA requirements. We spec out, configure and support firewalls, proxy-arrays, servers, switches, mail systems, web servers, databases, etc. We are familiar with and support most Windows and Unix/Linux systems including FreeBSD. We offer remote administration services worldwide, on all supported platforms. We plan and assist with Active Directory migrations. For more information please contact us via <a href=\"mailto:info@danosoft.com\">e-mail</a> or call us +1-850-510-6162. Please see <a href=\"http://sirius.danosoft.com/oci/index.html\">our website</a> for complete details on what we offer."
-
-[[consulting]]
-id = "hahnefeld"
-category = "europe"
-name = "bjrn hahnefeld IT"
-url = "http://www.hahnefeld.de"
-description = "We are a company for Software-Engineering and a Hosting- and Server-Solutions provider (Web-, Application-, Database-servers) for Germany, Austria and Switzerland. We are experienced in the installation and administration of BSD and Linux systems. Our software experience is with PHP, Perl and SQL and we speak English and German. We are located in Regensburg, Germany. Please email <a href=\"mailto:info@hahnefeld.de\">info@hahnefeld.de</a> for more information."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "paxym"
 category = "namerica"
 name = "Paxym"
@@ -387,13 +289,6 @@ url = "http://www.senseofsecurity.com.au/"
 description = "Sense of Security is an Australian provider of Free BSD and Unix consulting services. We have a strong focus on building secure networks and systems, including firewalls, VPNs, web servers, etc. We are also experts at conducting security review, audit, penetration testing, and assessment services."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "jmbg"
-category = "namerica"
-name = "The JMBG Network"
-url = "http://www.jmbg.net"
-description = "We believe in quality, reliable and innovative solutions so naturally we love FreeBSD. We are a Canadian electronic solutions provider servicing mainly South-Western Ontario. We also provide some solutions to clients in Canada and the United States. We offer a wide range of electronic solutions including consulting services and we most definitely support and recommend FreeBSD."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "afreebsdbrasil"
 category = "samerica"
 name = "A FreeBSD Brasil"
@@ -408,13 +303,6 @@ url = "http://www.ulbsd.ru"
 description = "The Ulyanovsk.BSD (ULBSD) is a Russian company located in Ulyanovsk. We provide technical support and consulting to users of ULBSD operating system that is based on. We provide free and paid versions of our operating system. We also answer many questions of users for free and help them work in the and ULBSD. For more information send an email to <a href=\"mailto:info@ulbsd.ru\">info@ulbsd.ru</a>."
 
 [[consulting]]
-id = "nuvym"
-category = "samerica"
-name = "NUVYM-CLOUD"
-url = "https://www.linkedin.com/organization-guest/company/nuvym-cloud"
-description = "NUVYM is the first and unique company that customizes FreeBSD at Amazon Web Services. Customer obsession is our focus. We use the best methodologies to plan, implement and manage our clients environments accordingly with their needs."
-
-[[consulting]]
 id = "linuxstans"
 category = "europe"
 name = "Linux Stans"
diff --git a/website/data/en/vendors/hardware.toml b/website/data/en/vendors/hardware.toml
index 6b459c776a..f88996e3e6 100644
--- a/website/data/en/vendors/hardware.toml
+++ b/website/data/en/vendors/hardware.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # Sort the entries by name
-# $FreeBSD$
 
 [[hardware]]
 id = "ABMX"
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ description = "Aspen Systems is based out of Wheat Ridge, CO and has been in bus
 [[hardware]]
 id = "atto"
 name = "ATTO Technology"
-url = "http://www.attotech.com"
+url = "https://www.atto.com/"
 description = "For over 25 years, ATTO Technology, Inc. has been a global leader in storage and network connectivity and infrastructure solutions for data-intensive computing environments. ATTO manufactures Host Bus Adapters, RAID adapters, network adapters, RAID storage controllers, Thunderbolt-enabled Desklink devices, bridges, switches and software. ATTO's Celerity 16Gb Fibre Channel adapters, ExpressSAS 12Gb SAS/SATA HBAs and SAN Storage Controllers all support 9.3 and 10.x operating systems."
 
 [[hardware]]
@@ -50,12 +49,6 @@ url = "https://core-systems.com"
 description = "Core Systems is a global leader in Rugged Computers and Rugged Displays for military and industrial needs based out of California. We build rugged products that are deployed in ground vehicles, aircraft, and maritime installations worldwide."
 
 [[hardware]]
-id = "CoyotePointSystems"
-name = "Coyote Point Systems"
-url = "http://www.coyotepoint.com/"
-description = "Coyote Point Systems offers the Equalizer Load Balancing Appliance. Equalizer distributes client UDP/TCP requests to multiple server machines and includes load balancing, server failure detection/correction, and an easy-to-use administrative interface. Capable of handling over 20,000 HTTP GET operations per minute, Equalizer enhances the Scalability, Availability and Manageability of any server cluster. Equalizer works with all standard protocols, including: HTTP, FTP, POP, SMTP, DNS, etc. Equalizer is based on the FreeBSD kernel."
-
-[[hardware]]
 id = "DAVICOM"
 name = "DAVICOM Semiconductor, Inc."
 url = "http://www.davicom.com.tw/index.php?lang_id=en"
@@ -100,7 +93,7 @@ description = "MOXA makes attractively priced multi-port serial cards which are
 [[hardware]]
 id = "Netgate"
 name = "Netgate"
-url = "http://store.netgate.com/"
+url = "https://shop.netgate.com/"
 description = "Netgate is a high quality communications appliance manufacturer that designs highly configurable computers engineered for low-power, high-throughput, dependable deployments. We offer quick deployment with off-the-shelf systems, specialized custom product solutions and an end-to-end OEM service program for large customers. <p>Netgate directly supports Open Source software and Open Source hardware projects by providing management, engineering and support resources for the pfSense project.</p>"
 
 [[hardware]]
@@ -110,12 +103,6 @@ url = "http://www.iXsystems.com/"
 description = "iXsystems (formerly OffMyServer) provides FreeBSD and Linux-based Internet infrastructure-grade rackmount servers, network appliances, enterprise blade servers, and storage products to a global market. We use only the best quality components and do the required testing in advance - knowing that you are going to run your mission-critical applications on our servers. We are confident that you will appreciate our approach - give us an opportunity to server you! Send us an email at <a href=\"mailto:info@iXsystems.com\">info@iXsystems.com</a>."
 
 [[hardware]]
-id = "OrbitMicro"
-name = "Orbit Micro"
-url = "http://www.orbitmicro.com/"
-description = "Orbit Micro is a system integrator of servers, workstations, industrial computers and networking products. Our application design approach allows us to maximize performance for your computing needs. Our products line also includes a vareity of computer components and peripherals as well as software. Contact us at <a href=\"mailto:sales@orbitmicro.com\">sales@orbitmicro.com</a> to speak to a sales engineer or if you have questions or comments."
-
-[[hardware]]
 id = "PCW"
 name = "PCW Microsystems, Inc."
 url = "http://www.rackmount.com/"
@@ -140,21 +127,9 @@ url = "http://www.perle.com/"
 description = "Perle Specialix makes a wide variety of multi-port async serial expansion products. The ISA, EISA, and PCI SI/XIO host cards work under FreeBSD, using the <em>si</em> driver."
 
 [[hardware]]
-id = "serveru"
-name = "ServerU Inc."
-url = "https://www.serveru.us/en/"
-description = "We make Server hardware for open source flavors of Unix-like systems. ServerU is a joint effort of FreeBSD specialist company with more than 15 years expertise, and ServerU itself, a US company based on Miami, FL. We focus on designing and making rack-mount 1U networking appliances completely supported by open source Unix-like systems. We make hardware supported and certified for FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Linux. We also focus on ProApps, pfSense, Vyatta (VyOS), Endian and other systems, as well as Juniper, Brocade and other networking products accelerated by Netmap and DPDK technologies. Se offer FreeBSD consulting, support and services on US east cost and Caribbean."
-
-[[hardware]]
-id = "StoreAnyWhere"
-name = "StoreAnyWhere.com"
-url = "http://StoreAnyWhere.com/"
-description = "StoreAnyWhere.com offers a wide range of high-performance and cost-effective quad- and dual-processor servers, workstations, and networking products with FreeBSD and Linux as their operating systems. Just go to our website for servers in a variety of configurations or custom-made systems."
-
-[[hardware]]
 id = "SWTechnology"
 name = "SW Technology"
-url = "http://freebsd.swt.com/"
+url = "https://www.swt.com/"
 description = "SW Technology offers quality Pentium machines with FreeBSD pre-installed."
 
 [[hardware]]
@@ -164,12 +139,6 @@ url = "http://www.synetic.net/"
 description = "Synetic Inc. is a Canadian and North American distributor for IDE-to-IDE, SCSI-to-IDE and SCSI-to-SCSI RAID controllers, supporting the FreeBSD platform."
 
 [[hardware]]
-id = "Zantech"
-name = "Zantech KVM Australia"
-url = "http://www.zantech.com.au/"
-description = "Zantech KVM Australia is an Australian distributor of FreeBSD compatible KVM switches, KVM over IP products and serial console terminal servers."
-
-[[hardware]]
 id = "NCSTechnologies"
 name = "NCS Technologies"
 url = "http://www.ncst.com/"
@@ -213,9 +182,9 @@ description = "Server Racks Online computer rack superstore. At Server Racks Onl
 
 [[hardware]]
 id = "CPTechnologies"
-name = "CP Technologies"
-url = "https://cp-techusa.com/"
-description = "CP Technologies designs, fabricates and integrates standard and custom high-performance computing platforms, data links, and LCD displays for military, industrial, and commercial markets."
+name = "CP North America"
+url = "https://cpnorthamerica.com/"
+description = "CP North America designs, fabricates and integrates standard and custom high-performance computing platforms, data links, and LCD displays for military, industrial, and commercial markets."
 
 [[hardware]]
 id = "servaris"
@@ -230,12 +199,6 @@ url = "https://www.thinkpenguin.com"
 description = "ThinkPenguin specializes in supporting free software operating systems via one of the largest hardware catalogs in the world. We stock a wide array of computers, peripherals, and accessories. What sets us apart is our devotion to improving hardware support for free software operating systems and ensuring that hardware can be properly and natively supported by the FreeBSD community."
 
 [[hardware]]
-id = "bargainhardware"
-name = "Bargain Hardware"
-url = "https://www.bargainhardware.co.uk"
-description = "Bargain Hardware supply a huge variety of refurbished desktops and laptops, all of which are offered with FreeBSD OS installation as an option on the website configurator. Server and Workstation installation is also available by request of our sales team."
-
-[[hardware]]
 id = "minifree"
 name = "Minifree"
 url = "https://minifree.org"
diff --git a/website/data/en/vendors/isp.toml b/website/data/en/vendors/isp.toml
index 2fe87fcfca..f41e5fbc39 100644
--- a/website/data/en/vendors/isp.toml
+++ b/website/data/en/vendors/isp.toml
@@ -98,12 +98,6 @@ url = "https://www.eserver.ru/"
 description = "We provide high quality web-hosting and VIP-hosting services in Russia and CIS based only on FreeBSD systems customized for hosting needs, dedicated servers with support of all currently available FreeBSD distributions."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "Quonix"
-name = "Quonix Networks"
-url = "http://www.quonix.net/"
-description = "Quonix Networks provides a variety of personal and enterprise hosting solutions powered by FreeBSD, including web, mail, secure shell hosting, dedicated servers and colocation."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "peaknetworks"
 name = "peaknetworks"
 url = "https://www.peaknetworks.net"
@@ -128,24 +122,12 @@ url = "http://www.venigo.fr/"
 description = "Venigo Internet Services is a French based company, which provides hosting solutions like shared, dedicated, colocation hostings, and VPN solutions based on FreeBSD. Venigo Internet Services is also able to provide management and support for variety of BSD & Linux systems."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "SolutionPoint"
-name = "Solution Point"
-url = "http://www.solutionpoint.in/"
-description = "Based in New Delhi, India, Solution Point provides <a href=\"http://www.solutionpoint.in/node/565\">VPS Hosting on FreeBSD/amd64</a>. We use only official FreeBSD and provide various capacities to serve most demanding requirements of full dedicated servers."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "netcup"
 name = "netcup GmbH"
 url = "http://www.netcup.de/"
 description = "Netcup is a hosting provider located in Germany and we are specialized in providing webhosting and virtual servers. At the beginning of 2013 we changed our virtualisation technology to KVM. This gives you the possibility to run the operating system of your choice. You can easily setup your vServer with just a few clicks by using our prepared FreeBSD image."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "NQhost"
-name = "NQhost"
-url = "http://nqhost.com/"
-description = "NQhost offers virtual private servers with guaranteed resources. Our <a href=\"http://nqhost.com/freebsd-vps.html\">FreeBSD VPS</a> packages can be created in Germany or US-located data centers. We offer flexible tariff plans, configurations and friendly support."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "NYI"
 name = "NYI"
 url = "http://www.nyi.net/"
@@ -176,15 +158,9 @@ url = "http://www.bytecamp.net/"
 description = "We run a homogenic FreeBSD environment in our own datacenter located in East Germany near Berlin since 2000. Our developers contribute code to many open source projects. bytecamp is the home for <a href=\"http://www.desktopbsd.net/\">desktopbsd.net</a> and both biggest German BSD communities, <a href=\"http://www.bsdforen.de/\">bsdforen.de</a> and <a href=\"http://www.bsdgroup.de/\">bsdgroup.de</a>. bytecamp offers professional hosting on a FreeBSD cluster, enterprise email solutions, domain name registration, dedicated and virtual servers. We offer several shared, reseller and shell hosting plans on FreeBSD platform that will meet and exceed all of your web presence needs from small personal family web sites to full blown online e-commerce solutions."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "oph"
-name = "OPH"
-url = "http://www.oph.net/"
-description = "OPH is a internet hosting provider located in Amsterdam. We deliver powerful FreeBSD dedicated servers and custom-built servers to meet your requirements. On the network side, all our servers include full 100Mbps / 1Gbps connections to the Internet. For more information, please check our <a href=\"http://www.oph.net\">website</a>, or call us at +31 527 688768."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "ovh"
 name = "OVH"
-url = "http://www.ovh.com/"
+url = "https://www.ovhcloud.com"
 description = "With many own datacenters on 4 continents and extensive offers for even the most demanding infrastructure needs, OVH is the number 3 internet hosting company in the world and a globally leading cloud provider on the market. Among almost 100 other Unix/Linux distributions, OVH is proud to provide the latest FreeBSD versions for dedicated and virtual servers since FreeBSD 4."
 
 [[isp]]
@@ -194,12 +170,6 @@ url = "http://www.transip.nl"
 description = "Transip B.V. is a top 5 domain registrar in the Netherlands. TransIP uses FreeBSD exclusively on its own servers and offers virtual hosting and dedicated servers based on FreeBSD."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "kionic"
-name = "Kionic.com Web Hosting"
-url = "http://www.kionic.com"
-description = "We provide fast, reliable, and affordable web hosting and reseller hosting services backed by fast and friendly customer service. Our operating system of choice is FreeBSD."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "JohnCompanies"
 name = "JohnCompanies"
 url = "https://www.jcihosting.com/"
@@ -212,12 +182,6 @@ url = "http://www.fastpcnet.net"
 description = "We offer colocation and managed services via our data center facilities. We recommend FreeBSD to our colocation customers who want a stable and flexible platform. We provide a pure colocation environment or dedicated managed hosting."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "pairnetworks"
-name = "pair Networks, Inc."
-url = "http://www.pair.com"
-description = "pair Networks, a global FreeBSD-based Web hosting and domain name registration company, headquartered in Pittsburgh, PA, hosts hundreds of thousands of Web sites for businesses, bloggers, artists, educational institutions and non-profit organizations from around the world. pair Networks first went online in January 1996 and has experienced strong growth year after year. All pair Networks' Web servers run the reliable FreeBSD operating system. For more information <a href=\"http://www.pair.com/contact/\">contact us</a> via e-mail or phone."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "hamburgnet"
 name = "Hamburgnet"
 url = "http://www.hamburgnet.de"
@@ -230,12 +194,6 @@ url = "http://www.swishmail.com/"
 description = "Swishmail, New York City based company, provides business <a href=\"http://www.swishmail.com/emailhosting1.php\">email hosting</a> with virus/spam-scanning running on FreeBSD amd64 on HP AMD Dual Opteron 64 bit servers since 1999. Swishmail is in the business of <a href=\"http://www.swishmail.com/emailhosting1.php\">email hosting</a>, shell providing, <a href=\"http://www.swishmail.com/webhosting1.php\">web hosting</a>, dedicated servers, and email accounting."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "reliableservers"
-name = "ReliableServers"
-url = "http://www.reliableservers.com/"
-description = "ReliableServers provides managed and unmanaged dedicated server hosting and colocation. FreeBSD is our #1 installed OS, we even provide a local cvsup for all clients. Our datacenter is staffed around the clock to provide the best possible support. Visit us at <a href=\"http://www.reliableservers.com/\">www.ReliableServers.Com</a>"
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "colocrossing"
 name = "Colocrossing"
 url = "http://www.colocrossing.com"
@@ -248,12 +206,6 @@ url = "https://www.netactuate.com/"
 description = "NetActuate is a hosting company specializing in virtual FreeBSD hosting and managed services. The FreeBSD Virtual Private Servers allow users to modify the kernel, setup a firewall and many more options. Each VPS includes root access and a web-based control panel for managing the virtual environment. Technical support is handled in-house by FreeBSD experts who can diagnose problems and help you get up and running quickly. NetActuate has donated services to FreeBSD developers to support the community."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "SimpleRezo"
-name = "SimpleRezo"
-url = "http://www.simplerezo.com"
-description = "SimpleRezo, a French company, provides web hosting solutions based exclusively on FreeBSD and technologies (jails or dedicated server, Apache, PHP, Tomcat, MySQL, pgSQL...). Other services include: Network architecture consulting (fail-over, high availability), FreeBSD server administration or support (fileserver, firewalls, mailserver) and others more. Please visit our <a href=\"http://www.simplerezo.com/nous-contacter.php\">website</a> to get more information."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "webdrops"
 name = "Webdrops ICT"
 url = "http://www.webdrops.net"
@@ -296,12 +248,6 @@ url = "https://www.delimiter.com/"
 description = "Delimiter provides unmanaged, affordable dedicated servers, and cloud hosting from our US based data centers. Our unmanaged service includes a wide range of self-serve tools including automated OS installations and dedicated KVM functionality. We also offer cheap bare metal dedicated servers. Our support technicians have 5+ years of Unix, BSD, and Linux sysadmin experience."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "linevast"
-name = "Linevast"
-url = "https://linevast.de/"
-description = "Linevast has been providing reliable dedicated-server and vps products since 2013. The provider offers various FreeBSD templates for their server-products. Each product comes with free ddos-protection and unmetered traffic."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "surelinebroadband"
 name = "Sureline Broadband"
 url = "http://www.surelinebroadband.com"
@@ -326,18 +272,6 @@ url = "https://www.elmotaheda-web.com"
 description = "El Motaheda are specialized in providing local (Egypt) solutions for businesses and organizations totally centered on open source. We provide based firewalls and storage solutions."
 
 [[isp]]
-id = "vstack"
-name = "vStack"
-url = "https://vstack.com"
-description = "vStack builds hyper-converged infrastructure providing unified cluster space, software defined computing, storage and networking capabilities, redundancy and failover features."
-
-[[isp]]
-id = "serveria"
-name = "Serveria"
-url = "https://serveria.com/"
-description = "Serveria offers shared hosting, cloud VPS, dedicated servers, colocation, domain registration, SSL certificates etc. All of their services are 100% confidential. They support and offer services since 2009."
-
-[[isp]]
 id = "bestbuyrdp"
 name = "Bestbuyrdp"
 url = "https://bestbuyrdp.com/"
diff --git a/website/data/en/vendors/misc.toml b/website/data/en/vendors/misc.toml
index 414466f943..fefc82d8a0 100644
--- a/website/data/en/vendors/misc.toml
+++ b/website/data/en/vendors/misc.toml
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
 # Sort the entries by name
-# $FreeBSD$
 
 [[misc]]
 id = "FreeBSDMall"
 name = "FreeBSD Mall"
 url = "http://www.freebsdmall.com/"
 description = "The FreeBSD Mall can provide everything you may want or need to enhance your FreeBSD experience. Are you new to FreeBSD? Or, perhaps you've been using it for years? We have something for you. We have the latest FreeBSD CDROMs, helpful books, and colorful shirts and hats. Stay current with FreeBSD and put it to work for you!"
-
-[[misc]]
-id = "exavault"
-name = "ExaVault"
-url = "http://www.exavault.com"
-description = "ExaVault provides inexpensive online remote backup space that is accessible via open, industry standard protocols, including rsync, FTP and SFTP. It is ideal for small and medium businesses, web hosting companies and others that need a quick, transparent, maintenance-free way of mirroring a copy of their data to a remote backup server. We are fully FreeBSD compatible, and provide full support for getting things setup on your FreeBSD system."
-
-[[misc]]
-id = "gfuschulung"
-name = "GFU Schulung"
-url = "http://www.gfu.net/"
-description = "GFU offers <a href=\"http://www.gfu.net/seminare-schulungen-kurse/oracle_db_sprachen_design_sk38/freebsd_training_s856.html\">FreeBSD Training</a> for customizing servers with a whole bunch of open source software like PostgreSQL, OpenOffice, Cyrus IMAP, etc. Upon customer request especially: <a href=\"http://www.gfu.net/seminare-schulungen-kurse/oracle_db_sprachen_design_sk38/oracle_unter_freebsd_s854.html\">Oracle Administration under FreeBSD</a>."
-
diff --git a/website/data/ru/news/news.toml b/website/data/ru/news/news.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40b413ab19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/data/ru/news/news.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,3241 @@
+# Sort news by year, month and day
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-10-12"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 15.0-BETA1"
+description = "ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ� BETA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 15.0 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, armv7, powerpc64, powerpc64le и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-October/003383.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-10-05"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA5"
+description = "ĐŸÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� ALPHA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 15.0 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, armv7, aarch64, powerpc64, powerpc64le и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-October/003330.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-28"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:tiga@FreeBSD.org\">Tiago Gasiba</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-27"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA4"
+description = "Đ§ĐµÑ‚Đ²Ñ‘Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� ALPHA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 15.0 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, armv7, aarch64, powerpc64, powerpc64le и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003265.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-22"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA3"
+description = "Đ¢Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ� ALPHA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 15.0 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, armv7, aarch64, powerpc64 и powerpc64le <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003240.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-14"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA2"
+description = "Đ’Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� ALPHA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 15.0 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003182.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-12"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:andy@FreeBSD.org\">Andrei Zakhvatov</a> (doc/ru)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-09"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:jaeyoon@FreeBSD.org\">Jaeyoon Choi</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-09"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:vladlen@FreeBSD.org\">Vladlen Popolitov</a> (doc/ru)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-07"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA1"
+description = "ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ� ALPHA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 15.0 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, powerpc64le, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003112.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2025-08-29"
+title = "Đ�тчёт Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ·Đ° Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»ÑŒ-иÑ�Đ½ÑŒ 2025 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°"
+description = "Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ <ahref=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/\">Đ�тчёт Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ� Đ°Đ¿Ñ€ĐµĐ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ иÑ�Đ½ÑŒ</a> Ñ� 32 Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-07-15"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:obiwac@FreeBSD.org\">Aymeric Wibo</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-07-01"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:aokblast@FreeBSD.org\">ShengYi Hung</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-13"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:alven@FreeBSD.org\">Ă„lven</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-13"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:vexeduxr@FreeBSD.org\">Ahmad Khalifa</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-10"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE"
+description = "Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.3R/announce/\">FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE</a>. ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.3R/relnotes/\">Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºÑƒ</a> и <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.3R/errata/\">Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°</a> Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и/или Ñ�Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии 14.3. Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… FreeBSD Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-02"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:dtxdf@FreeBSD.org\">JesĂºs Daniel Colmenares Oviedo</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-01"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 14.3-RC1"
+description = "ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ°-ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 14.3 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-June/002856.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-24"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 14.3-BETA4"
+description = "Đ§ĐµÑ‚Đ²Ñ‘Ñ€Ñ‚Đ°Ñ� BETA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 14.3 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-May/002853.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2025-05-21"
+title = "Đ�тчёт Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ·Đ° Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€ÑŒ-Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚ 2025 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°"
+description = "Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/\">Đ�тчёт Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ� Ñ�Đ½Đ²Đ°Ñ€Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ¼Đ°Ñ€Ñ‚</a> Ñ� 40 Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-16"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 14.3-BETA3"
+description = "Đ¢Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ� BETA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 14.3 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-May/002832.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-10"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 14.3-BETA2"
+description = "Đ’Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� BETA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 14.3 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-May/002817.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-07"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:khorben@FreeBSD.org\">Pierre Pronchery</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-02"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 14.3-BETA1"
+description = "ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ� BETA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 14.3 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-May/002810.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-04-24"
+title = "Đ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD 2025"
+description = "Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ <a href=\"https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/freebsdsurvey25\">Đ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ° FreeBSD 2025</a>. ĐŸĐ¾Đ¶Đ°Đ»ÑƒĐ¹Ñ�Ñ‚Đ°, Đ½Đµ Ñ�Ñ‚ĐµÑ�Đ½Ñ�Đ¹Ñ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Đ´ĐµĐ»Đ¸Ñ‚ÑŒÑ�Ñ� Ñ�Ñ�Ñ‹Đ»ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ½Đ° Đ¾Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Ñ�Đ¾ Ñ�Đ²Đ¾Đ¸Đ¼ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚Đ¾Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ĐµĐ¼, ĐºĐ¾Đ»Đ»ĐµĐ³Đ°Đ¼Đ¸, Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ·ÑŒÑ�Đ¼Đ¸ или Đ»Ñ�Đ±Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ´Ñ€ÑƒĐ³Đ¸Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ‡Đ»ĐµĐ½Đ°Đ¼Đ¸ Ñ�Đ¾Đ¾Đ±Ñ‰ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ²Đ°, Đ·Đ°Đ¸Đ½Ñ‚ĐµÑ€ĐµÑ�Đ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ½Ñ‹Đ¼Đ¸ Đ² FreeBSD. Đ�Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Ñ� Đ·Đ°ĐºÑ€Ñ‹Đ²Đ°ĐµÑ‚Ñ�Ñ� Đ² 22:00 UTC Đ² Ñ�Ñ€ĐµĐ´Ñƒ, 7 Đ¼Đ°Ñ� 2025 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-04-18"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:ivy@FreeBSD.org\">Lexi Winter</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-04-07"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:kgalazka@FreeBSD.org\">Krzysztof Galazka</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-03-11"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿ĐµĐ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE"
+description = "Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.5R/announce/\">FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE</a>. ĐŸĐµÑ€ĐµĐ´ уÑ�Ñ‚Đ°Đ½Đ¾Đ²ĐºĐ¾Đ¹ Đ¾Đ±Ñ�Đ·Đ°Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ¾ Đ¾Đ·Đ½Đ°ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ÑŒÑ‚ĐµÑ�ÑŒ Ñ� <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.5R/relnotes/\">Đ¿Ñ€Đ¸Đ¼ĐµÑ‡Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸ Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºÑƒ</a> и <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.5R/errata/\">Ñ�Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Đ¾ĐºĐ¾Đ¼ Đ¸Đ·Đ²ĐµÑ�Ñ‚Đ½Ñ‹Ñ… Đ¾ÑˆĐ¸Đ±Đ¾Đº Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°</a> Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Đ»ÑƒÑ‡ĐµĐ½Đ¸Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾Ñ�Đ»ĐµĐ´Đ½ĐµĐ¹ Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Đ¸ и/или Ñ�Đ²ĐµĐ´ĐµĐ½Đ¸Đ¹ Đ¾ Đ¿Ñ€Đ¾Đ±Đ»ĐµĐ¼Đ°Ñ… Đ² Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�ии 13.5. Đ”Đ¾Đ¿Đ¾Đ»Đ½Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐ»ÑŒĐ½Đ°Ñ� Đ¸Đ½Ñ„Đ¾Ñ€Đ¼Đ°Ñ†Đ¸Ñ� Đ¾ Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ°Ñ… FreeBSD Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ½Đ° Ñ�Ñ‚Ñ€Đ°Đ½Đ¸Ñ†Đµ <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-03-02"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 13.5-RC1"
+description = "ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ� Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ°-ĐºĐ°Đ½Đ´Đ¸Đ´Đ°Ñ‚ Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 13.5 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-February/002719.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2025-02-27"
+title = "Đ�тчёт Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Đ·Đ° Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ-Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ 2024 Đ³Đ¾Đ´Đ°"
+description = "Đ�Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½ <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-10-2024-12/\">Đ�тчёт Đ¾ Ñ�Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ�Đ½Đ¸Đ¸ Ñ€Đ°Đ±Đ¾Ñ‚ Ñ� Đ¾ĐºÑ‚Ñ�Đ±Ñ€Ñ� Đ¿Đ¾ Đ´ĐµĐºĐ°Đ±Ñ€ÑŒ</a> Ñ� 44 Đ·Đ°Đ¿Đ¸Ñ�Ñ�Đ¼Đ¸."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-02-22"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 13.5-BETA3"
+description = "Đ¢Ñ€ĐµÑ‚ÑŒÑ� BETA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 13.5 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-February/002715.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-02-14"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 13.5-BETA2"
+description = "Đ’Ñ‚Đ¾Ñ€Đ°Ñ� BETA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 13.5 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-February/002714.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-02-07"
+title = "Đ”Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Đ° Đ²ĐµÑ€Ñ�иÑ� FreeBSD 13.5-BETA1"
+description = "ĐŸĐµÑ€Đ²Đ°Ñ� BETA-Ñ�Đ±Đ¾Ñ€ĐºĐ° Đ´Đ»Ñ� Ñ†Đ¸ĐºĐ»Đ° Đ²Ñ‹Đ¿ÑƒÑ�ĐºĐ° FreeBSD 13.5 Đ¾Đ¿ÑƒĐ±Đ»Đ¸ĐºĐ¾Đ²Đ°Đ½Đ°. Đ�Đ±Ñ€Đ°Đ·Ñ‹ ISO Đ´Đ»Ñ� Đ°Ñ€Ñ…Đ¸Ñ‚ĐµĐºÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 и riscv64 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-February/002708.html\">Đ´Đ¾Ñ�Ñ‚ÑƒĐ¿Đ½Ñ‹</a> Đ½Đ° Đ±Đ¾Đ»ÑŒÑˆĐ¸Đ½Ñ�Ñ‚Đ²Đµ Đ½Đ°ÑˆĐ¸Ñ… <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">Đ·ĐµÑ€ĐºĐ°Đ» FreeBSD</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-01-26"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:ashafer@FreeBSD.org\">Austin Shafer</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-01-17"
+description = "Đ�Đ¾Đ²Ñ‹Đ¹ ĐºĐ¾Đ¼Đ¼Đ¸Ñ‚Ñ‚ĐµÑ€: <a href=\"mailto:ziaee@FreeBSD.org\">Alexander Ziaee</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-12-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.2-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.2R/announce/\">FreeBSD 14.2-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.2R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.2R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 14.2. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-11-23"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.2-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 14.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-November/002542.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-11-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.2-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 14.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-November/002528.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-11-09"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.2-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 14.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-November/002513.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2024-11-07"
+title = "July-September 2024 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-07-2024-09/\">July to September Status Report</a> is now available with 32 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-11-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.2-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 14.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-November/002496.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-10-15"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:kbowling@FreeBSD.org\">Kevin Bowling</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-10-07"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:0mp@FreeBSD.org\">Mateusz Piotrowski</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-09-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.4-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.4R/announce/\">FreeBSD 13.4-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.4R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.4R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 13.4. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-09-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.4-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD 13.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-September/002367.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-09-05"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jlduran@FreeBSD.org\">Jose Luis Duran</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-08-31"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.4-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD 13.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-August/002352.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-08-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.4-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD 13.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-August/002345.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-08-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:igoro@FreeBSD.org\">Igor Ostapenko</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2024-08-19"
+title = "April-June 2024 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-04-2024-06/\">April to June Status Report</a> is now available with 20 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-08-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.4-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-August/002339.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-08-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.4-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-August/002338.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-08-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.4-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2024-August/002336.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-06-12"
+title = "New FreeBSD Core Team Elected"
+description = "Active committers to the project have elected your thirteenth FreeBSD Core Team. For details, refer to the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-announce/2024-June/000136.html\">official announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-06-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:osamaabb@FreeBSD.org\">Osama Abboud</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-06-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.1R/announce/\">FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.1R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.1R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 14.1. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-05-29"
+title = "2024 Community Survey Results"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/results-from-the-2024-freebsd-community-survey-report/\">2024 FreeBSD Community Survey Results</a> are now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2024-05-03"
+title = "January-March 2024 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2024-01-2024-03/\">January to March Status Report</a> is now available with 21 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-03-05"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.3-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.3R/announce/\">FreeBSD 13.3-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.3R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.3R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 13.3. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2024-02-16"
+title = "October-December 2023 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2023-10-2023-12/\">October to December 2023 Status Report</a> is now available with 18 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-02-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bnovkov@FreeBSD.org\">Bojan Novković</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-01-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:uzsolt@FreeBSD.org\">Zsolt Udvari</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2024-01-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dutra@FreeBSD.org\">Gabriel M. Dutra</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-12-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:olce@FreeBSD.org\">Olivier Certner</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-11-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.0R/announce/\">FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.0R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.0R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 14.0. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-11-17"
+description = "Release Engineering Team Update: <a href=\"mailto:cperciva@FreeBSD.org\">Colin Percival</a> has been promoted to Lead Release Engineer"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-11-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rcm@FreeBSD.org\">R. Christian McDonald</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-11-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:akiyano@FreeBSD.org\">Arthur Kiyanovski</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-11-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jfree@FreeBSD.org\">Jake Freeland</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-11-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-RC4 Available"
+description = "The fourth RC build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-November/004928.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2023-11-01"
+title = "July-September 2023 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2023-07-2023-09/\">July to September 2023 Status Report</a> is now available with 32 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-10-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-October/004904.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-10-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-October/004880.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2023-10-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:michaelo@FreeBSD.org\">Michael Osipov</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-10-13"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-October/004844.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-10-06"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-BETA5 Available"
+description = "The fifth BETA build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-October/004814.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-09-30"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-BETA4 Available"
+description = "The fourth BETA build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-September/004773.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-09-22"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-September/004736.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-09-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-September/004685.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-09-08"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.0-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 14.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2023-September/004614.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-09-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jbo@FreeBSD.org\">Joel Bodenmann</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2023-07-27"
+title = "April-June 2023 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2023-04-2023-06/\">April to June 2023 Status Report</a> is now available with 37 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-05-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:christos@FreeBSD.org\">Christos Margiolis</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2023-04-19"
+title = "January-March 2023 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2023-01-2023-03/\">January to March 2023 Status Report</a> is now available with 25 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-04-11"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.2R/announce/\">FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.2R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.2R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 13.2. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-04-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-RC6 Available"
+description = "The sixth RC build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-snapshots/2023-April/000234.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-03-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-RC5 Available"
+description = "The fifth RC build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-snapshots/2023-March/000230.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-03-25"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-RC4 Available"
+description = "The fourth RC build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-snapshots/2023-March/000229.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-03-20"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:salvadore@FreeBSD.org\">Lorenzo Salvadore</a> (ports, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-03-18"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-snapshots/2023-March/000222.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-03-11"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-snapshots/2023-March/000221.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-03-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-snapshots/2023-March/000217.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-02-26"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-snapshots/2023-February/000213.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-02-18"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-snapshots/2023-February/000209.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2023-02-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:cc@FreeBSD.org\">Cheng Cui</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-02-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.2-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2023-February/001114.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2023-02-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rnagy@FreeBSD.org\">Robert Nagy</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2023-02-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:vvd@FreeBSD.org\">Vladimir Druzenko</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2023-02-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:fuz@FreeBSD.org\">Robert Clausecker</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2023-01-26"
+title = "October-December 2022 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2022-10-2022-12/\">October to December 2022 Status Report</a> is now available with 34 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-12-05"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.4-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.4R/announce/\">FreeBSD 12.4-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.4R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.4R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 12.4. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-11-11"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.4-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 12.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-November/000943.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-11-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.4-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 12.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-November/000937.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-10-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:corvink@FreeBSD.org\">Corvin Köhne</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-10-21"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.4-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-October/000920.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-10-21"
+title = "July-September 2022 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2022-07-2022-09/\">July to September 2022 Status Report</a> is now available with 24 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-10-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:zlei@FreeBSD.org\">Zhenlei Huang</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-10-08"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:bofh@FreeBSD.org\">Muhammad Moinur Rahman</a> (doc, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-10-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ronald@FreeBSD.org\">Ronald Klop</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-08-09"
+title = "April-June 2022 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2022-04-2022-06/\">April to June 2022 Status Report</a> is now available with 26 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-08-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:zirias@FreeBSD.org\">Felix Palmen</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-06-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dsl@FreeBSD.org\">Dmitry Salychev</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-06-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kd@FreeBSD.org\">Kornel Dulęba</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-06-18"
+title = "New FreeBSD Core Team Elected"
+description = "Active committers to the project have elected your twelfth FreeBSD Core Team. For details, refer to the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-announce/2022-June/000034.html\">official announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-06-09"
+title = "January-March 2022 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2022-01-2022-03/\">January to March 2022 Status Report</a> is now available with 22 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-06-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pauamma@FreeBSD.org\">Pau Amma</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-06-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:grahamperrin@FreeBSD.org\">Graham Perrin</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-05-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.1R/announce/\">FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.1R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.1R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 13.1. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-05-05"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-RC6 Available"
+description = "The sixth RC build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, arm64, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, and riscv architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-May/000762.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-04-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-RC5 Available"
+description = "The fifth RC build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, arm64, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, and riscv architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-April/000735.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-04-21"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-RC4 Available"
+description = "The fourth RC build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, arm64, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, and riscv architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-April/000720.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-04-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, arm64, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, and riscv architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-April/000718.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-04-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, arm64, powerpc64, and powerpcspe architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-April/000700.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-04-01"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, arm64, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and riscv architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-April/000651.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-03-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, arm64, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and riscv architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-March/000629.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-03-23"
+title = "New portmgr lurkers"
+description = "Portmgr has restarted the portmgr-lurker program and has selected the first two lurkers: <a href=\"mailto:pizzamig@FreeBSD.org\">Luca Pizzamiglio</a> and <a href=\"mailto:se@FreeBSD.org\">Stefan EĂŸer</a>. They will join portmgr for the coming months and learn all about its inner workings."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-03-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, arm64, powerpc64, and powerpcspe architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-March/000581.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2022-03-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.1-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2022-March/000571.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-03-10"
+title = "October-December 2021 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2021-10-2021-12/\">October to December 2021 Status Report</a> is now available with 19 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2022-02-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:asiciliano@FreeBSD.org\">Alfonso S. Siciliano</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-12-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.3-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.3R/announce/\">FreeBSD 12.3-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.3R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.3R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 12.3. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-11-18"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.3-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 12.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2021-November/000330.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-11-15"
+title = "July-September 2021 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2021-07-2021-09/\">July to September 2021 Status Report</a> is now available with 42 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-11-11"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.3-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 12.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2021-November/000321.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2021-11-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:driesm@FreeBSD.org\">Dries Michiels</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-11-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.3-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2021-November/000309.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-10-29"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.3-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2021-October/000289.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-10-22"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.3-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2021-October/000269.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-08-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:yasu@FreeBSD.org\">Yasuhiro Kimura</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-08-18"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:emaste@FreeBSD.org\">Ed Maste</a> (doc, src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-07-31"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:lwhsu@FreeBSD.org\">Li-Wen Hsu</a> (doc, ports, src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-07-24"
+title = "April-June 2021 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2021-04-2021-06/\">April to June 2021 Status Report</a> is now available with 45 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-07-13"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:philip@FreeBSD.org\">Philip Paeps</a> (src, ports, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-07-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:diizzy@FreeBSD.org\">Daniel Engberg</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-05-17"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:ygy@FreeBSD.org\">Guangyuan Yang</a> (doc, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-05-06"
+title = "January-March 2021 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-2021-01-2021-03/\">January to March 2021 Status Report</a> is now available with 28 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-04-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:vishwin@FreeBSD.org\">Charlie Li</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-04-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:oh@FreeBSD.org\">Oskar Holmlund</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-04-13"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.0R/announce/\">FreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.0R/relnotes/\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.0R/errata/\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 13.0. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-04-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-RC5 Available"
+description = "The fifth RC build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, armv6, armv7, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-April/093429.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-03-29"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-RC4 Available"
+description = "The fourth RC build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, armv6, armv7, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-March/093374.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-03-21"
+title = "Reopening Weblate for translations"
+description = "After the migration to Hugo/AsciiDoctor the weblate tool it's opened again. To get more information <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-translators/2021-March/000364.html\">check the announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-03-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, armv6, armv7, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-March/093340.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-03-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:khng@FreeBSD.org\">Ka Ho Ng</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-03-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, armv6, armv7, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-March/093294.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-03-06"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, armv6, armv7, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-March/093272.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-02-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-BETA4 Available"
+description = "The fourth BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, armv6, armv7, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-February/093233.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-02-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, armv6, armv7, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-February/093151.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-02-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, armv6, armv7, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-February/093081.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-02-06"
+title = "FreeBSD 13.0-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 13.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, arm64, powerpc64, powerpcspe, powerpc64le, and riscv64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2021-February/093047.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-02-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:fernape@FreeBSD.org\">Fernando Apesteguia Santiago</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-01-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rajeshasp@FreeBSD.org\">Rajesh Kumar M A</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-01-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:eduardo@FreeBSD.org\">Nuno Teixeira</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-01-25"
+description = "Website and Documentation converted to Hugo and AsciiDoctor"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-01-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:lcook@FreeBSD.org\">Lewis Cook</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-01-16"
+title = "October-December 2020 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-2020-10-2020-12.html\">October to December 2020 Status Report</a> is now available with 42 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-01-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:donner@FreeBSD.org\">Lutz Donnerhacke</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2021-01-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:nc@FreeBSD.org\">Neel Chauhan</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-12-19"
+description = "FreeBSD src repo to be converted to git. Please see <a href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/git\">the git wiki</a> for details."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-12-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:otis@FreeBSD.org\">Juraj Lutter</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-12-05"
+description = "FreeBSD doc repo converted to git."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-10-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.2-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.2R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 12.2-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.2R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/12.2R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 12.2. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-10-21"
+title = "July-September 2020 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/status/report-2020-07-2020-09.html\">July to September 2020 Status Report</a> is now available with 35 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-10-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.2-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 12.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-October/092786.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-10-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.2-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 12.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-October/092761.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-10-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.2-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 12.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-October/092740.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-09-26"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.2-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and powerpcspe architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-September/092727.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-09-18"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.2-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-September/092702.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-09-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.2-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-September/092680.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-08-31"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rhurlin@FreeBSD.org\">Rainer Hurling</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-07-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:debdrup@FreeBSD.org\">Daniel Ebdrup Jensen</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-07-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rew@FreeBSD.org\">Robert Wing</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-07-15"
+title = "April-June 2020 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2020-04-2020-06.html\">April to June 2020 Status Report</a> is now available with 51 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-07-01"
+title = "New FreeBSD Core Team Elected"
+description = "Active committers to the project have elected your eleventh FreeBSD Core Team. For details, refer to the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2020-July/001962.html\">official announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-06-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.4-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.4R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 11.4-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.4R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.4R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 11.4. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-06-09"
+title = "FreeBSD has revised its code of conduct to a new LLVM-derived code of conduct."
+description = "See <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/internal/code-of-conduct.html\">Code of Conduct</a> for the revised policy."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-06-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:gbe@FreeBSD.org\">Gordon Bergling</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-06-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 2020 Community Survey"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.research.net/r/freebsd-2020-community-survey\">FreeBSD 2020 Community Survey</a> is now available. Please feel free to share the survey URL with your employer, co-workers, friends, or any other community members interested in FreeBSD. Survey closes 17:00 UTC on June 16th (Tuesday 10am PDT)."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-05-29"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.4-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 11.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-May/092320.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-05-22"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.4-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 11.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-May/092304.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-05-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.4-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-May/092285.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-05-16"
+title = "FreeBSD participates in Google Season of Docs"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is once again <a href=\"https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/docs/participants/\">participating as a mentoring organization</a> in the <a href=\"https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs\">Google Season of Docs</a> program. The goal of the program is to bring open source and technical writers together. Technical writers spend three months working closely with open source communities to bring their expertise to the project's documentation. The list of available tasks and contact information is available on the <a href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/GoogleSeasonOfDocs\">FreeBSD wiki</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-05-09"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.4-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-May/092284.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-04-12"
+title = "January-March 2020 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2020-01-2020-03.html\">January to March 2020 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-04-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rscheff@FreeBSD.org\">Richard Scheffenegger</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-04-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tagattie@FreeBSD.org\">Hiroki Tagato</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-03-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:afedorov@FreeBSD.org\">Aleksandr Fedorov</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-03-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:nick@FreeBSD.org\">Nick O'Brien</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-02-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:salvadore@FreeBSD.org\">Lorenzo Salvadore</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-02-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:freqlabs@FreeBSD.org\">Ryan Moeller</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-01-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:alfredo@FreeBSD.org\">Alfredo Dal'Ava JĂºnior</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-01-27"
+title = "October-December 2019 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2019-10-2019-12.html\">October to December 2019 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-01-21"
+title = "Translate FreeBSD's official articles and books on Weblate"
+description = "In order to make the process of translating <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/docs/books.html\">FreeBSD's official articles and books</a> more accessible to new contributors, the project is adopting <a href=\"https://weblate.org/\">Weblate</a> as its web-based continuous localization platform. This tool has been in use for some months by some of our translation teams (pt_BR, es_ES and zh_CN) and due to the excellent results obtained and the maturity of the workflow adopted, we believe we are ready to open it to new collaborators. With the adoption of this new tool the translation process has become quite simple, and anyone willing to donate a few minutes to the project can contribute to it! If you are interested in contributing to the documentation project by translating official documents you can get more information at our <a href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/DocTranslationOnWeblate\">wiki</a> and by reading the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-translators/2019-December/000161.html\">announcement</a> sent to freebsd-translators list."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-01-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mikael@FreeBSD.org\">Mikaël Urankar</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2020-01-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:lbartoletti@FreeBSD.org\">LoĂ¯c Bartoletti</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-11-25"
+title = "July-September 2019 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2019-07-2019-09.html\">July to September 2019 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-11-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 12.1. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-10-18"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.1-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 12.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-October/091616.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-10-11"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.1-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 12.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-October/091599.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-10-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:samm@FreeBSD.org\">Alex Samorukov</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-10-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.1-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-October/091567.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-09-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:0mp@FreeBSD.org\">Mateusz Piotrowski</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-09-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.1-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-September/091555.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-09-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kaktus@FreeBSD.org\">Pawel Biernacki</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-09-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.1-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-September/091533.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-09-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dmgk@FreeBSD.org\">Dmitri Goutnik</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-09-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sg@FreeBSD.org\">Stephen Gregoratto</a> (src). Working to improve the FreeBSD Project's user manuals for <a href=\"https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/\">Google's Season of Docs</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-08-28"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:fox@FreeBSD.org\">Santhosh Raju</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-08-25"
+title = "April-June 2019 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2019-04-2019-06.html\">April to June 2019 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-07-16"
+title = "FreeBSD.org Outgoing Email System Changes"
+description = "Due to circumstances beyond our control, we need to change the outgoing SMTP server address for FreeBSD.org email. We are aware that there are going to be challenges due to SMTP sender reputation systems. Please see <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2019-July/001892.html\">this announcement</a> for additional information."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-07-09"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.3R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.3R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.3R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 11.3. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-06-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.3-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 11.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-June/091312.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-06-21"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.3-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 11.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-June/091293.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-06-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.3-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 11.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-June/091281.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-06-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.3-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-June/091257.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-06-04"
+title = "January-March 2019 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2019-01-2019-03.html\">January to March 2019 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-05-31"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.3-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-May/091227.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-05-31"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bdragon@FreeBSD.org\">Brandon Bergren</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-05-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:chs@FreeBSD.org\">Chuck Silvers</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-05-28"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:scottph@FreeBSD.org\">D Scott Phillips</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-05-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.3-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-May/091210.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-05-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:carlavilla@FreeBSD.org\">Sergio Carlavilla Delgado</a> (docs, Spanish translator)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-04-30"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dougm@FreeBSD.org\">Doug Moore</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-04-28"
+title = "<a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-pkgbase/2019-April/000396.html\">CFT FreeBSD pkg base</a> now available"
+description = "FreeBSD is testing a new approach to pkgbase. See the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-pkgbase/2019-April/000396.html\">CFT FreeBSD pkg base</a> message for additional details."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-04-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 2019 Community Survey"
+description = "The FreeBSD 2019 Community Survey is now available (update: closed on 2019-05-13). Please feel free to share the survey URL with your employer, co-workers, friends, or any other community members interested in FreeBSD. Survey closes midnight May 13 UTC (Monday 5pm PDT)."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-04-19"
+title = "<a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-April/090915.html\">CFT FreeBSD + New Upstream ZFS (ZoL)</a>"
+description = "FreeBSD is testing a new upstream for its ZFS implementation, ZFS on Linux. Images for FreeBSD 12-STABLE and 13-CURRENT images are now available for testing FreeBSD + ZoL (ZFS on Linux). Please see the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2019-April/090915.html\">CFT FreeBSD + ZoL</a> for testing details."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-04-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pkubaj@FreeBSD.org\">Piotr Kubaj</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-04-14"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:pfg@FreeBSD.org\">Pedro Giffuni</a> (ports, src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-03-20"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mhorne@FreeBSD.org\">Mitchell Horne</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-02-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kai@FreeBSD.org\">Kai Knoblich</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2019-01-19"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:johalun@FreeBSD.org\">Johannes Lundberg</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-12-24"
+title = "January-September 2018 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2018-01-2018-09.html\">January to September 2018 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-12-11"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.0R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.0R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.0R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 12.0. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-12-11"
+title = "Cirrus CI Support for FreeBSD"
+description = "FreeBSD support was recently added to the <a href=\"https://cirrus-ci.org/\">Cirrus CI</a> system. Cirrus CI makes your development cycle fast, efficient, and secure by leveraging modern cloud technologies. Cirrus CI scales with your team and makes shipping software faster and cheaper. Follow the <a href=\"https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/FreeBSD/\">FreeBSD Virtual Machines</a> guide to find out more."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-12-01"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.0-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 12.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-December/090138.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-11-25"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.0-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 12.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-November/090068.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-11-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.0-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 12.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-November/090020.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-11-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.0-BETA4 Available"
+description = "The fourth BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-November/089982.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-11-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.0-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-November/089945.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-10-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.0-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-October/089897.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-10-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 12.0-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 12.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, armv7, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpcspe and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-October/089821.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-10-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tmunro@FreeBSD.org\">Thomas Munro</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-10-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:yuripv@FreeBSD.org\">Yuri Pankov</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-10-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:egypcio@FreeBSD.org\">VinĂ­cius Zavam</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-10-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rigoletto@FreeBSD.org\">Alexandre C. Guimaraes</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-09-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:skozlov@FreeBSD.org\">Sergey Kozlov</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-09-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:manu@FreeBSD.org\">Emmanuel Vadot</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-09-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kbowling@FreeBSD.org\">Kevin Bowling</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-08-09"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:lwhsu@FreeBSD.org\">Li-Wen Hsu</a> (ports, src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-07-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jhixson@FreeBSD.org\">John Hixson</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-07-04"
+title = "New FreeBSD Core Team Elected"
+description = "Active committers to the project have elected your tenth FreeBSD Core Team. For details, refer to the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2018-July/001836.html\">official announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-30"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jsm@FreeBSD.org\">Jesper Schmitz Mouridsen</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.2R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.2R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.2R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 11.2. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bwidawsk@FreeBSD.org\">Ben Widawsky</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-19"
+title = "National FreeBSD Day: FreeBSD is 25 years old today!"
+description = "On June 19, 1993 the name FreeBSD was officially agreed on and has been used ever since. <a href=\"http://www.nationalfreebsdday.org\">Find out more</a> about how to celebrate this important day with us."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.2-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 11.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-June/089116.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:0mp@FreeBSD.org\">Mateusz Piotrowski</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-09"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.2-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 11.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-June/089099.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-08"
+title = "Service outage"
+description = "Portions of the FreeBSD cluster will be offline Saturday, June 9th for an extended maintenance window for electrical work. Services will be affected, most notably mailing list traffic and a portion of our web services. The maintenance window begins June 9th at 11:00 UTC (04:00 US-Pacific) and extends though 20:00 UTC (13:00 US-Pacific)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-06-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.2-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 11.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-June/089053.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-05-26"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.2-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-May/089001.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-05-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:leitao@FreeBSD.org\">Breno Leitao</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-05-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:luporl@FreeBSD.org\">Leandro Lupori</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-05-19"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.2-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-May/088958.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-05-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:arrowd@FreeBSD.org\">Gleb Popov</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-05-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.2-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, arm64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2018-May/088899.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-04-17"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sef@freeBSD.org\">Sean Eric Fagan</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-04-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:thj@FreeBSD.org\">Tom Jones</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-04-04"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ram@FreeBSD.org\">Ram Kishore Vegesna </a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-03-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mfechner@FreeBSD.org\">Matthias Fechner</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-03-17"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ericbsd@FreeBSD.org\">Eric Turgeon</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-03-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:vmaffione@FreeBSD.org\">Vincenzo Maffione</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-03-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:meta@FreeBSD.org\">Koichiro Iwao</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-03-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:fernape@FreeBSD.org\">Fernando Apesteguia</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-03-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dteske@FreeBSD.org\">Devin Teske</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-02-14"
+title = "FreeBSD Project to participate in Google Summer of Code 2018"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce its participation in Google's 2018 Summer of Code program, which funds summer students to participate in open source projects. This will be the FreeBSD Project's fourteenth year in the program, having mentored over 210 successful students through summer-long coding projects between 2005 and 2017. Past successful projects have included improvements to Linux ABI emulation, NFSv4 ACLs, TCP regression testing, FUSE file system support, and countless other projects. Many students go on to become FreeBSD developers, as well as participating in FreeBSD developer events around the world through continuing support from the FreeBSD Foundation. Prospective participants are invited to apply; more information is available, including proposal and deadline information, on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/projects/summerofcode.html\">FreeBSD Summer Projects page</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-02-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:slavash@FreeBSD.org\">Slava Shwartsman</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-01-25"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jeb@FreeBSD.org\">Jeb Cramer</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2018-01-04"
+title = "About the Meltdown and Spectre attacks"
+description = "About the <a href=\"https://meltdownattack.com/\">Meltdown</a> and <a href=\"https://spectreattack.com/\">Spectre</a> attacks: FreeBSD was made aware of the problems in late December 2017. We're working with CPU vendors and the published papers on these attacks to mitigate them on FreeBSD. Due to the fundamental nature of the attacks, no estimate is yet available for the publication date of patches."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-12-25"
+title = "July-September 2017 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2017-07-2017-09.html\">July to September 2017 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-11-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jwb@FreeBSD.org\">Jason W. Bacon</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-10-30"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:arichardson@FreeBSD.org\">Alex Richardson</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-10-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:yuri@FreeBSD.org\">Yuri Victorovich</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-10-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.4-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.4R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 10.4-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.4R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.4R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 10.4. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-27"
+title = "April-June 2017 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2017-04-2017-06.html\">April to June 2017 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-23"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.4-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 10.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-September/087848.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-19"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:eugen@FreeBSD.org\">Eugene Grosbein</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ygy@FreeBSD.org\">Guangyuan Yang</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.4-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 10.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-September/087817.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:leres@FreeBSD.org\">Craig Leres</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dch@FreeBSD.org\">Dave Cottlehuber</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-09"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.4-BETA4 Available"
+description = "The fourth BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-September/087791.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:adridg@FreeBSD.org\">Adriaan de Groot</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:chuck@FreeBSD.org\">Chuck Tuffli</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:shurd@FreeBSD.org\">Stephen Hurd</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.4-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-September/087748.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-09-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kibab@FreeBSD.org\">Ilya Bakulin</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-08-28"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:fsu@FreeBSD.org\">Fedor Uporov</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-08-26"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.4-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-August/087708.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-08-25"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pizzamig@FreeBSD.org\">Luca Pizzamiglio</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-08-19"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.4-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-August/087682.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-07-26"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.1R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.1R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.1R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 11.1. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-07-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mw@FreeBSD.org\">Marcin Wojtas</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-07-15"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.1-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 11.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-July/087407.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-07-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mjoras@FreeBSD.org\">Matt Joras</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-07-08"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.1-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 11.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-July/087368.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-07-01"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.1-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 11.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-July/087340.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-06-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.1-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-June/087303.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-06-20"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kevans@FreeBSD.org\">Kyle Evans</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-06-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.1-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-June/087277.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-06-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.1-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2017-June/087242.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-06-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rlibby@FreeBSD.org\">Ryan Libby</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-05-31"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ultima@FreeBSD.org\">Richard Gallamore</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-05-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:joneum@FreeBSD.org\">Jochen Neumeister</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-05-15"
+title = "January-March 2017 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2017-01-2017-03.html\">January to March 2017 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-05-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dbaio@FreeBSD.org\">Danilo G. Baio</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-04-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:wulf@FreeBSD.org\">Vladimir Kondratyev</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-04-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bhughes@FreeBSD.org\">Bradley T. Hughes</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-03-04"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:eugen@FreeBSD.org\">Eugene Grosbein</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-03-03"
+description = "Returning committer: <a href=\"mailto:rgrimes@FreeBSD.org\">Rodney W. Grimes</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-02-27"
+title = "FreeBSD Project to participate in Google Summer of Code 2017"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce its participation in Google's 2017 Summer of Code program, which funds summer students to participate in open source projects. This will be the FreeBSD Project's thirteenth year in the program, having mentored over 200 successful students through summer-long coding projects between 2005 and 2016. Past successful projects have included improvements to Linux ABI emulation, NFSv4 ACLs, TCP regression testing, FUSE file system support, and countless other projects. Many students go on to become FreeBSD developers, as well as participating in FreeBSD developer events around the world through continuing support from the FreeBSD Foundation. Prospective participants are invited to apply; more information is available, including proposal and deadline information, on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/projects/summerofcode.html\">FreeBSD Summer Projects page</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-02-13"
+title = "October-December 2016 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2016-10-2016-12.html\">October to December 2016 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-02-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mmokhi@FreeBSD.org\">Mahdi Mokhtari</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-02-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tobik@FreeBSD.org\">Tobias Kortkamp</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-01-10"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:dumbbell@FreeBSD.org\">Jean-SĂ©bastien PĂ©dron</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-01-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rezny@FreeBSD.org\">Matthew Rezny</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-01-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ler@FreeBSD.org\">Larry Rosenman</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2017-01-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jmd@FreeBSD.org\">Johannes Dieterich</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-12-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pstef@FreeBSD.org\">Piotr Paweł Stefaniak</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-12-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:lifanov@FreeBSD.org\">Nikolai Lifanov</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-11-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:misha@FreeBSD.org\">Mikhail Pchelin</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-11-13"
+title = "July-September 2016 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2016-07-2016-09.html\">July to September 2016 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-11-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:def@FreeBSD.org\">Konrad Witaszczyk</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-11-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dexterf@FreeBSD.org\">Michael Dexter</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-10-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dab@FreeBSD.org\">David Bright</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-10-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.0R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.0R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.0R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 11.0. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-09-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sevan@FreeBSD.org\">Sevan Janiyan</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-09-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE Status Update"
+description = "The final 11.0-RELEASE is going to be rebuilt in order to address a few last-minute items that were discovered after the release tag. Please see the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2016-September/001753.html\">official announcement</a> from the Release Engineering team for more information."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-09-17"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rcyu@FreeBSD.org\">Ruey-Cherng Yu</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-09-17"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jrm@FreeBSD.org\">Joseph Mingrone</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-09-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 11.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-September/085645.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-08-25"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 11.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-August/085365.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-08-13"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 11.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-August/085277.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-08-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tsoome@FreeBSD.org\">Toomas Soome</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-08-10"
+description = "The FreeBSD Core Team has released a <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2016-August/001739.html\">statement</a> about the recent freebsd-update and related vulnerabilities."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-08-06"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-BETA4 Available"
+description = "The fourth BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-August/085186.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-30"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-July/085114.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-27"
+title = "April-June 2016 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2016-04-2016-06.html\">April to June 2016 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-July/085059.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-19"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mizhka@FreeBSD.org\">Michael Zhilin</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-19"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ivadasz@FreeBSD.org\">Imre Vadasz</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:stevek@FreeBSD.org\">Stephen J. Kiernan</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:cpm@FreeBSD.org\">Carlos J. Puga Medina</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 11.0-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 11.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, aarch64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-July/084918.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-06"
+title = "New FreeBSD Core Team elected"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce the completion of the 2016 Core Team election. The FreeBSD Core Team acts as the project's \"board of directors\" and is responsible for approving new src committers, resolving disputes between developers, appointing sub-committees for specific purposes (security officer, release engineering, port managers, webmaster, etc...), and making any other administrative or policy decisions as needed. The Core Team has been elected by FreeBSD developers every two years since 2000. The FreeBSD Core Team is glad to announce that <a href=\"mailto:matthew@FreeBSD.org\">Matthew Seaman</a> will continue the role of <a href=\"mailto:core-secretary@FreeBSD.org\">Core Team Secretary</a>. More information about the election (together with a list of the new members of the Core Team) can be found in the official <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2016-July/001732.html\">announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tcberner@FreeBSD.org\">Tobias C. Berner</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-07-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:badger@FreeBSD.org\">Eric Badger</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-06-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:karels@FreeBSD.org\">Mike Karels</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-06-04"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tz@FreeBSD.org\">Torsten Zuehlsdorff</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-05-31"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:landonf@FreeBSD.org\">Landon Fuller</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-05-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:woodsb02@FreeBSD.org\">Ben Woods</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-05-01"
+title = "January-March 2016 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2016-01-2016-03.html\">January to March 2016 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-04-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:manu@FreeBSD.org\">Emmanuel Vadot</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-04-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.3R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.3R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.3R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 10.3. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-03-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.3-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD 10.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-March/084424.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-03-13"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.3-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD 10.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-March/084384.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-03-05"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.3-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD 10.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-March/084296.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-03-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:cmt@FreeBSD.org\">Christoph Moench-Tegeder</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-03-01"
+title = "FreeBSD Project to participate in Google Summer of Code 2016"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce its participation in Google's 2016 Summer of Code program, which funds summer students to participate in open source projects. This will be the FreeBSD Project's twelfth year in the program, having mentored over 180 successful students through summer-long coding projects between 2005 and 2015. Past successful projects have included improvements to Linux ABI emulation, NFSv4 ACLs, TCP regression testing, FUSE file system support, and countless other projects. Many students go on to become FreeBSD developers, as well as participating in FreeBSD developer events around the world through continuing support from the FreeBSD Foundation. Prospective participants are invited to apply; more information is available, including proposal and deadline information, on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/projects/summerofcode.html\">FreeBSD Summer Projects page</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-28"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:phil@FreeBSD.org\">Phil Shafer</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.3-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-February/084238.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-24"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jmcneill@FreeBSD.org\">Jared McNeill</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-24"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sgalabov@FreeBSD.org\">Stanislav Galabov</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-17"
+title = "FreeBSD and glibc (CVE-2015-7547)"
+description = "Dag-Erling Smørgrav posts some information about <a href=\"https://blog.des.no/2016/02/freebsd-and-cve-2015-7547/\">FreeBSD and the recent glibc CVE-2015-7547 vulnerability</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-17"
+title = "Analysis of FreeBSD Kernel by PVS-Studio"
+description = "The development team of the PVS-Studio static code analyzer checked the FreeBSD kernel and <a href=\"http://www.viva64.com/en/b/0377/\">published an article</a> describing the most suspicious fragments."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.3-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-February/084145.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-06"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.3-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2016-February/084088.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:olivier@FreeBSD.org\">Olivier Cochard-Labbé</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-02-01"
+title = "October–December Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2015-10-2015-12.html\">October–December, 2015 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-01-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:wma@FreeBSD.org\">Wojciech Macek</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-01-06"
+title = "FreeBSD Foundation Statement on Harassment"
+description = "The FreeBSD Foundation has released its <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2016/01/freebsd-foundation-statement-on.html\">initial statement</a> about harassment in the FreeBSD community."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2016-01-03"
+description = "The FreeBSD Core team has released an <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2016-January/001691.html\">Initial Statement</a> about harassment in the FreeBSD Community"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-12-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:anish@FreeBSD.org\">Anish Gupta</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-11-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rpokala@FreeBSD.org\">Ravi Pokala</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-11-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mmel@FreeBSD.org\">Michal Meloun</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-10-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jtl@FreeBSD.org\">Jonathan T. Looney</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-10-25"
+title = "July–September Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2015-07-2015-09.html\">July–September, 2015 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-10-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:skra@FreeBSD.org\">Svatopluk Kraus</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-10-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:lidl@FreeBSD.org\">Kurt Lidl</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-09-24"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:avos@FreeBSD.org\">Andriy Voskoboinyk</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-08-13"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.2-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.2R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 10.2-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.2R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.2R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 10.2. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-08-08"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:araujo@FreeBSD.org\">Marcelo Araujo</a> (ports, src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-08-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.2-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 10.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2015-August/083031.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-08-01"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.2-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 10.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2015-August/082966.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-07-30"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:allanjude@FreeBSD.org\">Allan Jude</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-07-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:junovitch@FreeBSD.org\">Jason Unovitch</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-07-26"
+title = "April–June, 2015 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2015-04-2015-06.html\">April–June, 2015 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-07-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.2-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 10.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2015-July/082903.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-07-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.2-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2015-July/082771.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-07-11"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.2-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2015-July/082704.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-07-05"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:cem@FreeBSD.org\">Conrad Meyer</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-06-26"
+title = "Leap Seconds and FreeBSD Article"
+description = "A new article, <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/article.html\">FreeBSD Support for Leap Seconds</a>, gives a quick overview of leap second handling. The next leap second will occur at 2015-Jun-30 23:59:60 UTC."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-05-24"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:brnrd@FreeBSD.org\">Bernard Spil</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-04-30"
+title = "January–March, 2015 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2015-01-2015-03.html\">January–March, 2015 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-04-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:oshogbo@FreeBSD.org\">Mariusz Zaborski</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-04-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mmoll@FreeBSD.org\">Michael Moll</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-04-02"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:mat@FreeBSD.org\">Mathieu Arnold</a> (ports, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-03-31"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mahrens@FreeBSD.org\">Matthew Ahrens</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-03-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kp@FreeBSD.org\">Kristof Provost</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-03-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:vangyzen@FreeBSD.org\">Eric van Gyzen</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-03-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jah@FreeBSD.org\">Jason Harmening</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-02-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:whu@FreeBSD.org\">Wei Hu</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-01-19"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jbeich@FreeBSD.org\">Jan Beich</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2015-01-15"
+title = "October–December, 2014 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2014-10-2014-12.html\">October–December, 2014 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-12-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bofh@FreeBSD.org\">Muhammad Moinur Rahman</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-12-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:erj@FreeBSD.org\">Eric Joyner</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-11-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.1R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.1R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.1R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 10.1. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-11-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.1-RC4 Available"
+description = "The fourth RC build for the FreeBSD 10.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-November/080872.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-11-02"
+title = "FreeBSD turns 21 today!"
+description = "FreeBSD 1.0, the first official release of FreeBSD was announced 21 years ago today, on November 2nd, 1993. See the original announcement <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/1.0/announce.html\">here</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-10-23"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.1-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD 10.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-October/080701.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-10-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bhd@FreeBSD.org\">Björn Heidotting</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-10-14"
+title = "July–September, 2014 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2014-07-2014-09.html\">July–September, 2014 Status Report</a> is now available."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-10-13"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.1-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD 10.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-October/080555.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-10-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:arybchik@FreeBSD.org\">Andrew Rybchenko</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-10-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.1-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD 10.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-October/080453.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-09-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.1-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-September/080264.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-09-24"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jch@FreeBSD.org\">Julien Charbon</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-09-21"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.1-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-September/080177.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-09-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.1-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD 10.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, armv6, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-September/080106.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-09-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kami@FreeBSD.org\">Dominic Fandrey</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-08-21"
+title = "FreeBSD ports tree was born twenty years ago, let's celebrate!"
+description = "It all started with this commit from Jordan Hubbard on August 21, 1994: \"Commit my new ports make macros. Still not 100% complete yet by any means but fairly usable at this stage.\" A <a href=\"http://youtu.be/LiFq5D-zmBs\">video</a> was prepared to celebrate the event!"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-08-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:alonso@FreeBSD.org\">Alonso Schaich</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-08-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dvl@FreeBSD.org\">Dan Langille</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-31"
+title = "The FreeBSD Foundation Semi-Annual Newsletter is Now Available"
+description = "We are pleased to announce the publication of our 2014 Semi-Annual Newsletter! This is a chance for you to read about what we are doing to help make FreeBSD the best operating system available. Read about funded development projects to improve FreeBSD , sponsored conferences, developer and vendor summits to create face-to-face opportunities, research, how we are doing on our fundraising efforts, and so much more! The 2014 semi-annual newsletter is available online <a href=\"https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/press/2014jul-newsletter\">here</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ngie@FreeBSD.org\">Ngie Cooper</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-24"
+title = "April-June, 2014 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2014-04-2014-06.html\">April-June, 2014 Status Report</a> is now available with 24 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.2 EoL pushed back"
+description = "To facilitate the upgrade process from FreeBSD 9.1 and 9.2 to FreeBSD 9.3, the EoL date for FreeBSD 9.2 has been pushed back to December 31, 2014."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.3R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.3R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.3R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 9.3. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-09"
+title = "New Core Team Secretary: <a href=\"mailto:matthew@FreeBSD.org\">Matthew Seaman</a>"
+description = "The FreeBSD Core Team is glad to announce that <a href=\"mailto:matthew@FreeBSD.org\">Matthew Seaman</a> has assumed the role of <a href=\"mailto:core-secretary@FreeBSD.org\">Core Team Secretary</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-09"
+title = "New FreeBSD Core Team elected"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce the completion of the 2014 Core Team election. The FreeBSD Core Team acts as the project's \"board of directors\" and is responsible for approving new src committers, resolving disputes between developers, appointing sub-committees for specific purposes (security officer, release engineering, port managers, webmaster, etc...), and making any other administrative or policy decisions as needed. The Core Team has been elected by FreeBSD developers every two years since 2000. More information about the election (together with a list of the new members of the Core Team) can be found in the official <a href=\"https://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20140709125554.7abb9ee4\">announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-06"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.3-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD -9.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-July/079239.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-07-04"
+title = "Temporary WITH_NEW_XORG repositories available for FreeBSD 9 and 10"
+description = "For people needing WITH_NEW_XORG, an alternate pkg(8) repository is now online. It contains a subset of packages affected by this knob. Please see the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2014-July/001570.html\">announce mail</a> for more details."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-06-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.3-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD -9.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-June/079092.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-06-21"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.3-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD -9.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-June/079024.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-06-17"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:robak@FreeBSD.org\">Bartek Rutkowski</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-06-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.3-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD -9.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-June/078959.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-06-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:shurd@FreeBSD.org\">Stephen Hurd</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-06-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.3-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD -9.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-June/078864.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-06-01"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.3-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD -9.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-June/078827.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-05-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pkelsey@FreeBSD.org\">Patrick Kelsey</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-05-17"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:allanjude@FreeBSD.org\">Allan Jude</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-05-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kadesai@FreeBSD.org\">Kashyap Desai</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-05-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:slm@FreeBSD.org\">Stephen McConnell</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-04-24"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pi@FreeBSD.org\">Kurt Jaeger</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-04-17"
+title = "January-March, 2014 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2014-01-2014-03.html\">January-March, 2014 Status Report</a> is now available with 41 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-04-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:xmj@FreeBSD.org\">Johannes Jost Meixner</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-03-11"
+title = "FreeBSD Project to participate in Google Summer of Code 2014"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce its participation in Google's 2014 Summer of Code program, which funds summer students to participate in open source projects. This will be the FreeBSD Project's tenth year in the program, having mentored over 160 successful students through summer-long coding projects between 2005 and 2013. Past successful projects have included improvements to Linux ABI emulation, NFSv4 ACLs, TCP regression testing, FUSE file system support, and countless other projects. Many students go on to become FreeBSD developers, as well as participating in FreeBSD developer events around the world through continuing support from the FreeBSD Foundation. Prospective participants are invited to apply; more information is available, including proposal and deadline information, on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/projects/summerofcode.html\">FreeBSD Summer Projects page</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-02-10"
+title = "FreeBSD Journal First Edition Available"
+description = "We are pleased to announce the availability of the FreeBSD Journal! It is the new online Journal, that the FreeBSD Foundation is publishing, that is all about FreeBSD. Click <a href=\"http://freebsdjournal.com/\">here</a> to find out how to get the first issue that is focused on FreeBSD 10."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-25"
+title = "October-December, 2013 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2013-10-2013-12.html\">October-December, 2013 Status Report</a> is now available with 37 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rodrigo@FreeBSD.org\">Rodrigo Osorio</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tychon@FreeBSD.org\">Tycho Nightingale</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:grembo@FreeBSD.org\">Michael Gmelin</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.0R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.0R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 10.0. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-20"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:jgh@FreeBSD.org\">Jason Helfman</a> (ports, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-15"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:skreuzer@FreeBSD.org\">Steven Kreuzer</a> (ports, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-13"
+description = "Returning committer: <a href=\"mailto:bmah@FreeBSD.org\">Bruce A. Mah</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:riggs@FreeBSD.org\">Thomas Zander</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-09"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-RC5 Available"
+description = "The fifth RC build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-January/076800.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2014-01-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-RC4 Available"
+description = "The fourth RC build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2014-January/076681.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-12-26"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-December/076590.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-12-18"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:ganbold@FreeBSD.org\">Ganbold Tsagaankhuu</a> (doc, src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-12-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:milki@FreeBSD.org\">Jonathan Chu</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-12-16"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:bdrewery@FreeBSD.org\">Bryan Drewery</a> (ports, src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-12-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-December/076480.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-12-09"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-December/076231.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-12-09"
+title = "EuroBSDcon 2013 Developer Summit Report"
+description = "A <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2013-09-devsummit.html\">special status report on the EuroBSDcon 2013 FreeBSD Developer Summit</a> is now available with 13 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-12-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-BETA4 Available"
+description = "The fourth BETA build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-December/076040.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-11-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:royger@FreeBSD.org\">Roger Pau Monné</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-11-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:alexey@FreeBSD.org\">Alexey Degtyarev</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-11-05"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-November/075704.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-11-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jmmv@FreeBSD.org\">Julio Merino</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-10-30"
+title = "Official Binary Packages for Pkg Available"
+description = "Official binary packages are now available for Pkg for FreeBSD 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 10.0 and head. See the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-pkg/2013-October/000107.html\">announcement</a> for more information."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-10-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-October/075591.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-10-20"
+title = "July-September, 2013 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2013-07-2013-09.html\">July-September, 2013 Status Report</a> is now available with 30 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-10-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-October/075504.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-10-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:edavis@FreeBSD.org\">Eric Davis</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-10-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-ALPHA5 Available"
+description = "The fifth ALPHA build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2013-October/045097.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-09-30"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.2R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.2R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.2R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 9.2. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-09-29"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-ALPHA4 Available"
+description = "The fourth ALPHA build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2013-September/044951.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-09-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:danilo@FreeBSD.org\">Danilo EgĂªa Gondolfo</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-09-18"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-ALPHA2 Available"
+description = "The second ALPHA build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2013-September/044676.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-09-13"
+title = "FreeBSD 10.0-ALPHA1 Available"
+description = "The first ALPHA build for the FreeBSD -10.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2013-September/044522.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-09-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.2-RC4 Available"
+description = "The fourth RC build for the FreeBSD -9.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-September/075163.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-09-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:br@FreeBSD.org\">Ruslan Bukin</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-09-02"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:zbb@FreeBSD.org\">Zbigniew Bodek</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-08-26"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.2-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD -9.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-August/074920.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-08-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.2-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD -9.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-August/074756.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-08-06"
+title = "The FreeBSD Foundation Semi-Annual Newsletter is Now Available"
+description = "We are pleased to announce the publication of our 2013 Semi-Annual Newsletter! This is a chance for you to read about what we are doing to help make FreeBSD the best operating system available. Read about funded development projects to improve FreeBSD , sponsored conferences, developer and vendor summits to create face-to-face opportunities, research, how we are doing on our fundraising efforts, and so much more! The 2013 semi-annual newsletter is available online <a href=\"https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/press/2013Jul-newsletter\">here</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-08-05"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.2-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD -9.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-August/074589.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-07-31"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:nemysis@FreeBSD.org\">Rusmir Dusko</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-07-29"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.2-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD -9.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, powerpc64 and sparc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-July/074440.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-07-22"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.2-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD -9.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386 and ia64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-July/074377.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-07-16"
+title = "April-June, 2013 Status Report"
+description = "The <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2013-04-2013-06.html\">April-June, 2013 Status Report</a> is now available with 33 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-07-04"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:marino@FreeBSD.org\">John Marino</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-07-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:loos@FreeBSD.org\">Luiz Otavio O Souza</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-07-02"
+title = "BSDCan 2013 DevSummit Report"
+description = "A special status report on the results of the BSDCan 2013 FreeBSD Developer Summit is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2013-05-devsummit.html\">now available</a> with 6 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-06-25"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:feld@FreeBSD.org\">Mark Felder</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-06-19"
+title = "Happy Birthday FreeBSD !"
+description = "FreeBSD celebrated its <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/news/1993/freebsd-coined.html\">20th birthday</a> today. On June 19, 1993, Jordan Hubbard, Rod Grimes, and David Greenman announced to the world the creation of their new fork of the BSD 4.3 operating system. FreeBSD was derived from the 386BSD 0.1 release from Bill and Lynne Jolitz with its 1.0 release in Nov 1993. Its stated goals were to create a fast, stable, reliable server OS for i386 systems. Since then, it has become the backbone of countless products and has grown to supporting 64bit computing, embedded devices, and desktop users."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-06-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:vg@FreeBSD.org\">Veniamin Gvozdikov</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-06-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.4-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.4R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 8.4-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.4R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> (<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.4R/relnotes-detailed.html\">detailed version</a>) and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.4R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 8.4. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-06-04"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:gjb@FreeBSD.org\">Glen Barber</a> (doc, ports, src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-05-27"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:crees@FreeBSD.org\">Chris Rees</a> (doc, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-05-14"
+title = "Binary Packages Are Available Again"
+description = "Six months have passed since the November security incident which brought the Project's binary package building capacity offline; we are pleased to announce that all services are now restored. Read the official announcement <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2013-May/001476.html\">here</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-05-12"
+title = "January-March 2013 Status Report"
+description = "The January to March 2013 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2013-01-2013-03.html\">now available</a> with 31 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-05-09"
+title = "FreeBSD Foundation Announces Ed Maste as New Director of Project Development"
+description = "The FreeBSD Foundation is pleased to announce Ed Maste's new role as the Foundation's part-time Director of Project Development. Ed has served on the Foundation's board for two years, and has stepped down in order to accept this new position. <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2013/05/freebsd-foundation-announces-ed-maste.html\">Read more...</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-05-08"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.4-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD -8.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386 and pc98 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-May/073389.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-29"
+title = "New FreeBSD Foundation Technical Staff Member: Edward Tomasz Napierała"
+description = "The FreeBSD Foundation is pleased to announce that Edward Tomasz Napierała has joined as its second member of technical staff. This is a continuation of the Foundation's plan to invest in staff in 2013. <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2013/04/freebsd-foundation-announces-second.html\">Read more...</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-24"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:asomers@FreeBSD.org\">Alan Somers</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-24"
+title = "FreeBSD Project to participate in Google Summer of Code 2013"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce its participation in Google's 2013 Summer of Code program, which funds summer students to participate in open source projects. This will be the FreeBSD Project's ninth year in the program, having mentored over 150 successful students through summer-long coding projects between 2005 and 2012. Past successful projects have included improvements to Linux ABI emulation, NFSv4 ACLs, TCP regression testing, FUSE file system support, and countless other projects. Many students go on to become FreeBSD developers, as well as participating in FreeBSD developer events around the world through continuing support from the FreeBSD Foundation. Prospective participants are invited to apply; more information is available, including proposal and deadline information, on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/projects/summerofcode.html\">FreeBSD Summer Projects page</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-22"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.4-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD -8.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386 and pc98 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-April/073198.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-18"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:cy@FreeBSD.org\">Cy Schubert</a> (src, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:hiren@FreeBSD.org\">Hiren Panchasara</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.4-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD -8.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386 and pc98 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-April/073070.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-03"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:antoine@FreeBSD.org\">Antoine Brodin</a> (src, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-04-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:wg@FreeBSD.org\">William Grzybowski</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-03-27"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:tijl@FreeBSD.org\">Tijl Coosemans</a> (src, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-03-22"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.4-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD -8.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386 and pc98 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2013-March/072913.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-03-14"
+title = "New FreeBSD Foundation Technical Staff Member: Konstantin Belousov"
+description = "The FreeBSD Foundation is pleased to announce that Konstantin Belousov has been hired as its first full-time member of technical staff, a key milestone of the Foundation's investment in staff for 2013. <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2013/03/foundation-announces-new-technical.html\">Read more...</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-03-12"
+description = "New member for the Ports Management team: <a href=\"mailto:bdrewery@FreeBSD.org\">Bryan Drewery</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-03-03"
+title = "October-December 2012 Status Report"
+description = "The October to December 2012 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2012-10-2012-12.html\">now available</a> with 27 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-03-03"
+title = "July-September 2012 Status Report"
+description = "The July to September 2012 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2012-07-2012-09.html\">now available</a> with 12 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-02-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pclin@FreeBSD.org\">Po-Chien Lin</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-02-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tmseck@FreeBSD.org\">Thomas-Martin Seck</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:achim@FreeBSD.org\">Achim Leubner</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dru@FreeBSD.org\">Dru Lavigne</a> (doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:carl@FreeBSD.org\">Carl Delsey</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-15"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:rene@FreeBSD.org\">René Ladan</a> (ports, full doc/www)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dbn@FreeBSD.org\">David Naylor</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-13"
+title = "April-June, 2012 Status Report"
+description = "The April-June, 2012 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2012-04-2012-06.html\">now available</a> with 17 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-10"
+title = "Ports CVS End of Life on February 28th 2013"
+description = "The development of FreeBSD ports is done in Subversion nowadays. By February 28th 2013, the FreeBSD ports tree will no longer be exported to CVS. Therefore ports tree updates via CVS, CVSup or csup(1) will no longer be available after that date. All users who use CVS, CVSup or csup(1) to update the ports tree are encouraged to switch to portsnap(8) or for users which need more control over their ports collection checkout, use Subversion directly. More information are available in the announcement mail on the <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-ports-announce/2012-September/000026.html\">FreeBSD ports announce mailing list</a>. A migration guide from CVSup or csup(1) to portsnap(8) is also available in <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html#cvsup-migration\">the FreeBSD Handbook</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-08"
+title = "Faces of FreeBSD � Thomas Abthorpe"
+description = "We are excited to share our next story for our Faces of FreeBSD Series. This is a chance for us to spotlight different people who contribute to FreeBSD and have received funding from us to work on development projects, run conferences, travel to conferences, and advocate for FreeBSD. Let us introduce you to Thomas Abthorpe. We helped him attend BSDCan 2009, 2011, and 2012 by helping with his travel expenses. Read his story <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2013/01/faces-of-freebsd-thomas-abthorpe.html\">here.</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2013-01-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ian@FreeBSD.org\">Ian Lepore</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-31"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.1R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.1R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> (<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.1R/relnotes-detailed.html\">detailed version</a>) and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.1R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 9.1. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-24"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:koobs@FreeBSD.org\">Kubilay Kocak</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-20"
+title = "The FreeBSD Foundation End-of-Year Newsletter is Now Available."
+description = "We are pleased to announce the publication of The FreeBSD Foundation's 2012 <a href=\"https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/press/2012Dec-newsletter.shtml\">End-of-Year Newsletter.</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:markj@FreeBSD.org\">Mark Johnston</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-18"
+title = "PC-BSD 9.1 is Released"
+description = "The PC-BSD Team <a href=\"http://blog.pcbsd.org/2012/12/pc-bsd-9-1-now-available/\">announces</a> the availablilty of PC-BSD 9.1."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:smh@FreeBSD.org\">Steven Hartland</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-17"
+title = "Faces of FreeBSD � Dan Langille"
+description = "We are excited to share our next story for our Faces of FreeBSD Series. This is a chance for us to spotlight different people who contribute to FreeBSD and have received funding from us to work on development projects, run conferences, travel to conferences, and advocate for FreeBSD. Let us introduce you to Dan Langille. We helped him by sponsoring BSDCan since 2006. Read his story <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2012/12/faces-of-freebsd-dan-langille_17.html\">here.</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-12"
+title = "Stunning News Website Fundraising Contribution: Over 650 new donations raise $43,200 in three days!"
+description = "Astute readers of our blog know that The FreeBSD Foundation's annual year-end fundraising drive began last week. Every year over 50% of our donations arrive during this campaign. <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2012/12/stunning-news-website-fundraising.html\">Read more...</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-10"
+title = "Faces of FreeBSD � Alberto Mijares"
+description = "Are you aware of the tangible benefits derived from our support of the FreeBSD community? In conjunction with our year-end fundraising drive we are going to be spotlighting different people on our website, blog, and Facebook page who have received funding to work on development projects, run conferences, travel to conferences, and advocate for FreeBSD. <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2012/12/faces-of-freebsd-alberto-mijares.html\">Read more...</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-05"
+title = "FreeBSD Year-End Fundraising Campaign"
+description = "Your donations have helped make FreeBSD the best OS available! By investing in The FreeBSD Foundation you have helped us keep FreeBSD a high-performance, secure, and stable operating system. Thanks to people like you, the FreeBSD Foundation has been proudly supporting the FreeBSD Project and community for 12 years now. <a href=\"http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2012/12/year-end-fundraising-campaign.html\">Read more...</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-12-05"
+title = "FreeBSD Project Website is Using Google Analytics"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project has enabled Google Analytics to collect anonymised statistics on web site use. More information can be found in the official <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-announce/2012-December/001441.html\">announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-11-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:syuu@FreeBSD.org\">Takuya ASADA</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-11-25"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bar@FreeBSD.org\">Barbara Guida</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-11-17"
+title = "Security Incident on FreeBSD Infrastructure"
+description = "On Sunday 11th of November, an intrusion was detected on two machines within the FreeBSD.org cluster. We have found no evidence of any modifications that would put any end user at risk. However, we do urge all users to read the report available at <a href=\"/news/2012-compromise.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/news/2012-compromise.html</a> and decide on any required actions themselves."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-11-05"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bryanv@FreeBSD.org\">Bryan Venteicher</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-11-04"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:gblach@FreeBSD.org\">Grzegorz Blach</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-11-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.1-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third RC build for the FreeBSD -9.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, sparc64, and powerpc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-November/070401.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-10-24"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:erwin@FreeBSD.org\">Erwin Lansing</a> (src, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-10-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sjg@FreeBSD.org\">Simon J. Gerraty</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-10-20"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:eadler@FreeBSD.org\">Eitan Adler</a> (src, ports, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-10-19"
+description = "New member for the Ports Management team: <a href=\"mailto:decke@FreeBSD.org\">Bernhard Fröhlich</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-10-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.1-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD -9.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, and powerpc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-October/069998.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-09-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:peterj@FreeBSD.org\">Peter Jeremy</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-09-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ebrandi@FreeBSD.org\">Edson Brandi</a> (doc/pt_BR, www/pt_BR)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-09-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jhale@FreeBSD.org\">Jason E. Hale</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-08-23"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.1-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD -9.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386 and powerpc64 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-August/069233.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-08-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:zont@FreeBSD.org\">Andrey Zonov</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-08-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bdrewery@FreeBSD.org\">Bryan Drewery</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-07-24"
+title = "New Core Team Secretary: <a href=\"mailto:pgj@FreeBSD.org\">GĂ¡bor PĂ¡li</a>"
+description = "The FreeBSD Core Team is glad to announce that <a href=\"mailto:pgj@FreeBSD.org\">GĂ¡bor PĂ¡li</a> has assumed the role of <a href=\"mailto:core-secretary@FreeBSD.org\">Core Team Secretary</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-07-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.1-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD -9.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the architectures amd64, i386, powerpc64, and sparc64 are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-July/068830.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-07-11"
+title = "New FreeBSD Core Team elected"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce the completion of the 2012 Core Team election. The FreeBSD Core Team acts as the project's \"board of directors\" and is responsible for approving new src committers, resolving disputes between developers, appointing sub-committees for specific purposes (security officer, release engineering, port managers, webmaster, etc...), and making any other administrative or policy decisions as needed. The Core Team has been elected by FreeBSD developers every two years since 2000. More information about the election (together with a list of the new members of the Core Team) can be found in the official <a href=\"https://docs.FreeBSD.org/cgi/mid.cgi?1342030291.6001.80.camel\">announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-07-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:zeising@FreeBSD.org\">Niclas Zeising</a> (doc/www, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-06-19"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:gjb@FreeBSD.org\">Glen Barber</a> (doc, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-06-04"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mjg@FreeBSD.org\">Mateusz Guzik</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-05-30"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jase@FreeBSD.org\">Jase Thew</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-05-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:olivierd@FreeBSD.org\">Olivier Duchateau</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-05-28"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tj@FreeBSD.org\">Tom Judge</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-05-12"
+title = "January-March, 2012 Status Report"
+description = "The January-March, 2012 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2012-01-2012-03.html\">now available</a> with 27 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-04-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:issyl0@FreeBSD.org\">Isabell Long</a> (doc/www)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-04-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jlh@FreeBSD.org\">Jeremie Le Hen</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-04-18"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.3-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.3R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 8.3-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.3R/relnotes-detailed.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.3R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 8.3. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-04-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dteske@FreeBSD.org\">Devin Teske</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-04-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sperber@FreeBSD.org\">Armin Pirkovitsch</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-04-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:monthadar@FreeBSD.org\">Monthadar Al Jaberi</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-04-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:madpilot@FreeBSD.org\">Guido Falsi</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-04-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.3-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second release candidate build for the FreeBSD -8.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, and pc98 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-April/067067.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-03-23"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:cherry@FreeBSD.org\">Cherry G. Mathew</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-03-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bjk@FreeBSD.org\">Benjamin Kaduk</a> (doc/www)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-03-06"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.3-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD -8.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, and pc98 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-March/066722.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-03-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ak@FreeBSD.org\">Alex Kozlov</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-02-20"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.3-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first test build for the FreeBSD -8.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the amd64, i386, and pc98 architectures are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-February/066340.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-02-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dmarion@FreeBSD.org\">Damjan Marion</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-02-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bgray@FreeBSD.org\">Ben Gray</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-02-14"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:pluknet@FreeBSD.org\">Sergey Kandaurov</a> (src, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-02-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:matthew@FreeBSD.org\">Matthew Seaman</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-01-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:davide@FreeBSD.org\">Davide Italiano</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-01-27"
+title = "October-December, 2011 Status Report"
+description = "The October-December, 2011 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2011-10-2011-12.html\">now available</a> with 32 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2012-01-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.0R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.0R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.0R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 9.0. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-12-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jgh@FreeBSD.org\">Jason Helfman</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-12-09"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.0-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third (and probably last) RC build for the FreeBSD -9.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the architectures amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-December/064770.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. One of the many new features in 9.0 we would like to be tested is the new installer, so we encourage our users to do fresh installation on test systems. Alternatively, users upgrading existing systems may now do so using the freebsd-update(8) utility."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-12-08"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pfg@FreeBSD.org\">Pedro Giffuni</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-12-02"
+description = "New member for the Ports Management team: <a href=\"mailto:beat@FreeBSD.org\">Beat Gätzi</a>"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-11-30"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jhibbits@FreeBSD.org\">Justin Hibbits</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-11-17"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.0-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second RC build for the FreeBSD -9.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the architectures amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-November/064609.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. One of the many new features in 9.0 we would like to be tested is the new installer, so we encourage our users to do fresh installation on test systems. Alternatively, users upgrading existing systems may now do so using the freebsd-update(8) utility."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-11-12"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:scheidell@FreeBSD.org\">Michael Scheidell</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-11-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:theraven@FreeBSD.org\">David Chisnall</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-11-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rm@FreeBSD.org\">Ruslan Makhmatkhanov</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-11-08"
+title = "July-September, 2011 Status Report"
+description = "The July-September, 2011 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2011-07-2011-09.html\">now available</a> with 28 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-10-23"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.0-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first RC build for the FreeBSD -9.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the architectures amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-October/064321.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. One of the many new features in 9.0 we would like to be tested is the new installer, so we encourage our users to do fresh installation on test systems. Alternatively, users upgrading existing systems may now do so using the freebsd-update(8) utility."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-10-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:melifaro@FreeBSD.org\">Alexander V. Chernikov</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-09-28"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.0-BETA3 Available"
+description = "The third BETA build for the FreeBSD -9.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the architectures amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-September/064030.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. One of the many new features in 9.0 we would like to be tested is the new installer, so we encourage our users to do fresh installation on test systems."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-09-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jceel@FreeBSD.org\">Jakub Klama</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-09-19"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:gleb@FreeBSD.org\">Gleb Kurtsou</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-09-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rmh@FreeBSD.org\">Robert Millan</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-09-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:wblock@FreeBSD.org\">Warren Block</a> (doc/www)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-09-14"
+title = "April-June, 2011 Status Report"
+description = "The April-June, 2011 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2011-04-2011-06.html\">now available</a> with 36 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-09-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:cs@FreeBSD.org\">Carlo Strub</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-09-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.0-BETA2 Available"
+description = "The second BETA build for the FreeBSD -9.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the architectures amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-September/063841.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. One of the many new features in 9.0 we would like to be tested is the new installer, so we encourage our users to do fresh installation on test systems."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-08-22"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rakuco@FreeBSD.org\">Raphael Kubo da Costa</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-08-17"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:eadler@FreeBSD.org\">Eitan Adler</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-08-09"
+title = "FreeBSD Foundation August 2011 Newsletter"
+description = "The FreeBSD Foundation has published their first <a href=\"https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/press/2011Aug-newsletter.shtml\">Semi-Annual 2011 newsletter</a> which summarizes what they have done to help the FreeBSD Project and community."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-08-01"
+title = "FreeBSD 9.0-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first test build for the FreeBSD -9.0 release cycle is now available. ISO images for the architectures amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, powerpc64, and sparc64 are <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-August/063457.html\">available</a> on most of our <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. One of the many new features in 9.0 we would like to be tested is the new installer, so we encourage our users to do fresh installation on test systems."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-07-17"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:gavin@FreeBSD.org\">Gavin Atkinson</a> (src, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-07-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:zi@FreeBSD.org\">Ryan Steinmetz</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-06-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:gber@FreeBSD.org\">Grzegorz Bernacki</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-06-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:stephen@FreeBSD.org\">Stephen Montgomery-Smith</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-06-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:crees@FreeBSD.org\">Chris Rees</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-06-06"
+title = "IPv6-only FreeBSD test images"
+description = "FreeBSD Foundation and iXsystems <a href=\"http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/6/prweb8529718.htm\"> announce</a>IPv6-only test images of FreeBSD and PC-BSD."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-06-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jlaffaye@FreeBSD.org\">Julien Laffaye</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-05-25"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ray@FreeBSD.org\">Aleksandr Rybalko</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-05-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:benl@FreeBSD.org\">Ben Laurie</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-05-12"
+title = "New Port Manager"
+description = "The Ports Management Team is pleased to announce <a href=\"mailto:bapt@FreeBSD.org\">Baptiste Daroussin</a> as a new member."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-04-27"
+title = "January-March, 2011 Status Report"
+description = "The January-March, 2011 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2011-01-2011-03.html\">now available</a> with 34 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-03-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:art@FreeBSD.org\">Artem Belevich</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-03-27"
+title = "FreeBSD Project to participate in Google Summer of Code 2011"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce its participation In Google's 2011 Summer of Code program, which funds summer students to participate in open source projects. This will be the FreeBSD Project's seventh year in the program, having mentored over 100 successful students through summer-long coding projects between 2005 and 2010. Past successful projects have included improvements to Linux ABI emulation, NFSv4 ACLs, TCP regression testing, FUSE file system support, and countless other projects. Many students go on to become FreeBSD developers, as well as participating in FreeBSD developer events around the world through continuing support from the FreeBSD Foundation. Prospective participants are invited to apply; more information is available, including proposal and deadline information, on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/projects/summerofcode.html\">FreeBSD Summer Projects page</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-03-18"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sbz@FreeBSD.org\">Sofian Brabez</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-03-13"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pawel@FreeBSD.org\">Pawel Pekala</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-03-10"
+description = "The FreeBSD Ports Management Team is pleased to announce <a href=\"mailto:tabthorpe@FreeBSD.org\">Thomas Abthorpe</a> as a full voting member."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-03-05"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:kargl@FreeBSD.org\">Steven G. Kargl</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-02-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.2-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.2R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 8.2-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.2R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.2R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 8.2. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-02-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/7.4R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/7.4R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/7.4R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 7.4. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-02-18"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:miwi@FreeBSD.org\">Martin Wilke</a> (src, ports, doc)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-02-03"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.4/8.2-RC3 Available"
+description = "The third (and probably last) Release Candidate builds for the FreeBSD -7.4/8.2 release cycles are now available. For 8.2-RC3 the amd64, i386, ia64, pc98, powerpc, and sparc64 architectures are available. For 7.4-RC3 the amd64, i386, pc98, and sparc64 architectures are available. ISO images for these architectures can be downloaded from most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. Please see the official <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-February/061353.html\">announcement</a> for further details about these releases."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-01-25"
+title = "October-December, 2010 Status Report"
+description = "The October-December, 2010 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2010-10-2010-12.html\">now available</a> with 37 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-01-23"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.4-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD -7.4 release cycle is now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures can be downloaded from most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. Please see the official <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-January/061218.html\">announcement</a> for further details about this release."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2011-01-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.2-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD -8.2 release cycle is now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures can be downloaded from most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. Please see the official <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-January/061131.html\">announcement</a> for further details about this release."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-12-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.4/8.2-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first Release Candidate builds for the FreeBSD -7.4/8.2 release cycles are now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures can be downloaded from most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. Please see the official <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2010-December/060757.html\">announcement</a> for further details about these releases."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-12-16"
+title = "FreeBSD Foundation December 2010 Newsletter"
+description = "The FreeBSD Foundation has published their <a href=\"https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/press/2010Dec-newsletter.shtml\">End-of-Year newsletter</a> which summarizes what they have done in 2010 to help the FreeBSD Project and community."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-12-11"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.4/8.2-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first of the test builds for the FreeBSD -7.4/8.2 release cycles is now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures are now <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2010-December/060541.html\">available</a> on most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-12-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:flo@FreeBSD.org\">Florian Smeets</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-11-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rea@FreeBSD.org\">Eygene Ryabinkin</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-11-05"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:zack@FreeBSD.org\">Zack Kirsch</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-10-27"
+title = "July-September, 2010 Status Report"
+description = "The July-September, 2010 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2010-07-2010-09.html\">now available</a> with 55 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-10-16"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:culot@FreeBSD.org\">Frederic Culot</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-10-07"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jonathan@FreeBSD.org\">Jonathan Anderson</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-10-05"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:pluknet@FreeBSD.org\">Sergey Kandaurov</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-09-25"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:martymac@FreeBSD.org\">Ganael Laplanche</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-09-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sunpoet@FreeBSD.org\">Po-Chuan Hsieh</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-09-05"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:andreast@FreeBSD.org\">Andreas Tobler</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-09-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:swills@FreeBSD.org\">Steve Wills</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-08-31"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:gjb@FreeBSD.org\">Glen Barber</a> (full doc/www)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-08-30"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:dim@FreeBSD.org\">Dimitry Andric</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-08-01"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ohauer@FreeBSD.org\">Oliver Hauer</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-27"
+title = "FreeBSD Foundation July 2010 Newsletter"
+description = "The FreeBSD Foundation has published their <a href=\"https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/press/2010Jul-newsletter.shtml\">Semi-Annual July 2010 newsletter</a> which summarizes what they have done to help the FreeBSD Project and community."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-27"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bapt@FreeBSD.org\">Baptiste Daroussin</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-23"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.1R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.1R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.1R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 8.1. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-22"
+title = "April-June, 2010 Status Report"
+description = "The April-June, 2010 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2010-04-2010-06.html\">now available</a> with 47 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-21"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:andrew@FreeBSD.org\">Andrew Turner</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-20"
+title = "PC-BSD 8.1 Released"
+description = "PC-BSD 8.1 has been released. PC-BSD is a successful desktop operating system based on FreeBSD that focuses on providing an easy to use desktop system for casual computer users. A list of new features/updates since the last version can be found <a href=\"http://www.pcbsd.org/content/view/170/11/\">here</a>. The new release can be <a href=\"http://www.pcbsd.org\">downloaded</a> or <a href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com\">purchased</a> on DVD."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-17"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:tijl@FreeBSD.org\">Tijl Coosemans</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-15"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jsa@FreeBSD.org\">Joseph S. Atkinson</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-14"
+title = "New FreeBSD Core Team elected"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project is pleased to announce the completion of the 2010 Core Team election. The FreeBSD Core Team acts as the project's \"board of directors\" and is responsible for approving new src committers, resolving disputes between developers, appointing sub-committees for specific purposes (security officer, release engineering, port managers, webmaster, etc...), and making any other administrative or policy decisions as needed. The Core Team has been elected by FreeBSD developers every 2 years since 2000. More information about the election (together with a list of the new members of the Core Team) can be found in the official <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20100714193552.GS32232\">announcement</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-07-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.1-RC2 available"
+description = "The second (and most likely final) Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD -8.1 release cycle is now available. CD ISO images for the amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc, and sparc64 architectures can be downloaded from most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. Please see the official <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2010-July/057552.html\">announcement</a> for further details about this release."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-06-18"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.1-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD -8.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures can be downloaded from most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>. Please see the official <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2010-June/057320.html\">announcement</a> for further details about this release."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-06-10"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ashish@FreeBSD.org\">Ashish SHUKLA</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-06-09"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bf@FreeBSD.org\">Brendan Fabeny</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-06-04"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:mdf@FreeBSD.org\">Matthew Fleming</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-06-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:ae@FreeBSD.org\">Andrey V. Elsukov</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-06-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:taras@FreeBSD.org\">Taras Korenko</a> (doc/ru, www/ru)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-05-29"
+title = "FreeBSD 8.1-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first of the test builds for the FreeBSD -8.1 release cycle is now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures are now <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2010-May/057040.html\">available</a> on most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-05-24"
+title = "Google Summer of Code Projects started"
+description = "The FreeBSD Project again received many high quality applications from students participating in <a href=\"http://code.google.com/soc\">Google's Summer of Code</a> program. This year 18 student proposals to work with the FreeBSD Project were accepted as part of this program. For those with projects that were not accepted this year, we'd like to note that the FreeBSD Project is always willing to help mentor students so they can learn more about operating system development through our normal community mailing lists and development forums. Please read the official <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20100526034329.GA40980\">announcement</a> for more information. The complete list of student projects selected for funding can be found in the FreeBSD <a href=\"https://wiki.freebsd.org/SummerOfCode2010Projects\">Summer of Code wiki</a>. Coding started on May 24, so please join us in welcoming the 18 new students to our community."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-05-19"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jchandra@FreeBSD.org\">Jayachandran C.</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-29"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:mm@FreeBSD.org\">Martin Matuška</a> (src, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-22"
+title = "January-March, 2010 Status Report"
+description = "The January-March, 2010 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2010-01-2010-03.html\">now available</a> with 46 entries."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-20"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:randi@FreeBSD.org\">Randi Harper</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-19"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:rstone@FreeBSD.org\">Ryan Stone</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-14"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:anchie@FreeBSD.org\">Ana Kukec</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-11"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:rene@FreeBSD.org\">René Ladan</a> (doc-nl, ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-11"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:sahil@FreeBSD.org\">Sahil Tandon</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-05"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:jacula@FreeBSD.org\">Giuseppe Pilichi</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-04-04"
+title = "The FreeBSD Project Participates in the Google Summer of Code 2010 Program"
+description = "FreeBSD Project is <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=0+0+archive/2010/freebsd-announce/20100404.freebsd-announce\">participating in Google's Summer of Code programme</a> for a sixth year. Undergraduate and graduate students are invited to apply for a grant to spend the summer improving the FreeBSD operating system! More information available on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/projects/summerofcode.html\">FreeBSD Summer of code page</a>, including a poster to hang up at a university near you!"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-03-31"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:decke@FreeBSD.org\">Bernhard Fröhlich</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-03-23"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.3-RELEASE Available"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/7.3R/announce.html\">FreeBSD 7.3-RELEASE</a> is now available. Please be sure to check the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/7.3R/relnotes.html\">Release Notes</a> and <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/7.3R/errata.html\">Release Errata</a> before installation for any late-breaking news and/or issues with 7.3. More information about FreeBSD releases can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html\">Release Information</a> page."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-03-18"
+title = "New Ports Management Team Secretary: <a href=\"mailto:tabthorpe@FreeBSD.org\">Thomas Abthorpe</a>"
+description = "The FreeBSD Ports Management Team is pleased to announce <a href=\"mailto:tabthorpe@FreeBSD.org\">Thomas Abthorpe</a> has assumed the role of <a href=\"mailto:portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org\">Ports Management Team Secretary</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-03-07"
+description = "Returning committer: <a href=\"mailto:niels@FreeBSD.org\">Niels Heinen</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-03-04"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.3-RC2 Available"
+description = "The second Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD -7.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures are now <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2010-March/055596.html\">available</a> on most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-03-03"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:neel@FreeBSD.org\">Neel Natu</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-02-22"
+title = "PC-BSD 8.0 Released"
+description = "PC-BSD 8.0 has been released. PC-BSD is a successful desktop operating system based on FreeBSD that focuses on providing an easy to use desktop system for casual computer users. A list of new features/updates since the last version can be found <a href=\"http://www.pcbsd.org/content/view/151/11/\">here</a>. The new release can be <a href=\"http://www.pcbsd.org\">downloaded</a> or <a href=\"http://www.freebsdmall.com\">purchased</a> on DVD."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-02-15"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.3-RC1 Available"
+description = "The first Release Candidate build for the FreeBSD -7.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures are now <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2010-February/055146.html\">available</a> on most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-02-12"
+description = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:bcr@FreeBSD.org\">Benedict Reuschling</a> (full doc/www)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-02-06"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:bschmidt@FreeBSD.org\">Bernhard Schmidt</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-02-02"
+title = "Enhanced commit privileges: <a href=\"mailto:gabor@FreeBSD.org\">GĂ¡bor KövesdĂ¡n</a> (src, ports, doc)"
+description = "<a href=\"mailto:gabor@FreeBSD.org\">GĂ¡bor KövesdĂ¡n</a> participated in <a href=\"http://code.google.com/soc\">Google Summer of Code</a> 2008/2009 and for his work he has been given commit access to the source code. His first pieces of work will be bringing in the result of his summer work into the tree."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-01-30"
+title = "FreeBSD 7.3-BETA1 Available"
+description = "The first BETA build for the FreeBSD -7.3 release cycle is now available. ISO images for Tier-1 architectures are now <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2010-January/054608.html\">available</a> on most of the <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html\">FreeBSD mirror sites</a>."
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-01-29"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:brucec@FreeBSD.org\">Bruce Cran</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-01-28"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:uqs@FreeBSD.org\">Ulrich Spörlein</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-01-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:romain@FreeBSD.org\">Romain Tartière</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-01-26"
+description = "New committer: <a href=\"mailto:avilla@FreeBSD.org\">Alberto Villa</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2010-01-17"
+title = "October-December, 2009 Status Report"
+description = "The October-December, 2009 Status Report is <a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2009-10-2009-12.html\">now available</a> with 38 entries."
diff --git a/website/data/security/advisories.toml b/website/data/security/advisories.toml
index 103be4c068..dfcfa583b1 100644
--- a/website/data/security/advisories.toml
+++ b/website/data/security/advisories.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,14 @@
 # $FreeBSD$
 
 [[advisories]]
+name = "FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl"
+date = "2025-09-30"
+
+[[advisories]]
+name = "FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive"
+date = "2025-08-08"
+
+[[advisories]]
 name = "FreeBSD-SA-25:06.xz"
 date = "2025-07-02"
 
diff --git a/website/data/security/errata.toml b/website/data/security/errata.toml
index c58cf02825..8240585f03 100644
--- a/website/data/security/errata.toml
+++ b/website/data/security/errata.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,34 @@
 # $FreeBSD$
 
 [[notices]]
+name = "FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update"
+date = "2025-09-30"
+
+[[notices]]
+name = "FreeBSD-EN-25:17.bnxt"
+date = "2025-09-16"
+
+[[notices]]
+name = "FreeBSD-EN-25:16.vfs"
+date = "2025-09-16"
+
+[[notices]]
+name = "FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64"
+date = "2025-09-16"
+
+[[notices]]
+name = "FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route"
+date = "2025-08-08"
+
+[[notices]]
+name = "FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip"
+date = "2025-08-08"
+
+[[notices]]
+name = "FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi"
+date = "2025-08-08"
+
+[[notices]]
 name = "FreeBSD-EN-25:11.ena"
 date = "2025-07-02"
 
diff --git a/website/data/zh-tw/news/news.toml b/website/data/zh-tw/news/news.toml
index c76540132a..b7aaf4789c 100644
--- a/website/data/zh-tw/news/news.toml
+++ b/website/data/zh-tw/news/news.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,125 @@
 # Sort news by year, month and day
 # $FreeBSD$
 [[news]]
+date = "2025-10-12"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-BETA1 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 15.0 ç�„第一個 BETA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�armv7ă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leå’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-October/003383.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-10-05"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA5 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 15.0 ç�„第五個 ALPHA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64ă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leå’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-October/003330.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-28"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:tiga@FreeBSD.org\">Tiago Gasiba</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-27"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA4 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 15.0 ç�„第四個 ALPHA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64ă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leå’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003265.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-22"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA3 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 15.0 ç�„第三個 ALPHA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64ă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leå’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003240.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-14"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA2 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 15.0 ç�„第二個 ALPHA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64ă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leå’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003182.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-09"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:jaeyoon@FreeBSD.org\">Jaeyoon Choi</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-09"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:vladlen@FreeBSD.org\">Vladlen Popolitov</a> (doc/ru)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-09-07"
+title = "FreeBSD 15.0-ALPHA1 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 15.0 ç�„第一個 ALPHA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64ă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leå’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-September/003112.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2025-08-29"
+title = "2025 第二季開發進度報�發布"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-04-2025-06/\">2025 第一季開發進度報å‘�發布</a> 32則æ¢�ç›®ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-07-15"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:obiwac@FreeBSD.org\">Aymeric Wibo</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-07-01"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:aokblast@FreeBSD.org\">ShengYi Hung</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-13"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:alven@FreeBSD.org\">Ă„lven</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-13"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:vexeduxr@FreeBSD.org\">Ahmad Khalifa</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE 發布了"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.3R/announce/\">FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE</a>ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒäº†ă€‚安è£�å‰�，請查看 <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.3R/relnotes/\">發布é€�知</a>å’Œ <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/14.3R/errata/\">發行勘誤</a>以了解 14.3 ç�„最新消æ�¯å’Œå•�é¡Œă€‚æ›´å¤�資è¨�å�¯æŸ¥çœ‹ <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">發行版資è¨�</a>é �é�¢ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-02"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:dtxdf@FreeBSD.org\">JesĂºs Daniel Colmenares Oviedo</a> (ports)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-06-01"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.3-RC1 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 14.3ç�„第一個候é�¸ç™¼å¸ƒç‰ˆæœ¬ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�i386ă€�powerpcă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leă€�powerpcspeă€�armv6ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64å’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-June/002856.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.3-BETA4 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 14.3 ç�„第四個 BETA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�i386ă€�powerpcă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leă€�powerpcspeă€�armv6ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64å’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-May/002853.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date= "2025-05-21"
+title = "2025 第一季開發進度報�發布"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/status/report-2025-01-2025-03/\">2025 第一季開發進度報å‘�發布</a> 40則æ¢�ç›®ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-16"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.3-BETA3 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 14.3 ç�„第三個 BETA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�i386ă€�powerpcă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leă€�powerpcspeă€�armv6ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64å’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-May/002832.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-10"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.3-BETA2 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 14.3 ç�„第二個 BETA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�i386ă€�powerpcă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leă€�powerpcspeă€�armv6ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64å’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-May/002817.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-07"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:khorben@FreeBSD.org\">Pierre Pronchery</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-05-02"
+title = "FreeBSD 14.3-BETA1 發布了"
+description = "FreeBSD 14.3 ç�„第一個 BETA 版本ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒă€‚用於 amd64ă€�i386ă€�powerpcă€�powerpc64ă€�powerpc64leă€�powerpcspeă€�armv6ă€�armv7ă€�aarch64å’Œ riscv64 ç�„ ISO 映åƒ�檔案已經 <a href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-stable/2025-May/002810.html\">發布</a>，å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¤�數ç�„ <a href=\"https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/mirrors/#mirrors-ftp\">FreeBSD é�¡åƒ�ç«™</a>å�–å¾—ă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-04-24"
+title = "FreeBSD 2025 社群調查"
+description = "<a href=\"https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/freebsdsurvey25\">FreeBSD 2025 社群å•�å�·</a>ç�¾å·²å…¬å¸ƒă€‚請踴èº�與您ç�„雇主ă€�å�Œäº‹ă€�朋å�‹æˆ–任何 FreeBSD 社群å�Œå¥½åˆ†äº«èª¿æŸ¥ç¶²å�€ă€‚å•�å�·å°‡æ–¼ 2025 å¹´ 5 月 7 æ—¥ 22:00 UTCçµ�æ�Ÿă€‚"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-04-18"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:ivy@FreeBSD.org\">Lexi Winter</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
+date = "2025-04-07"
+description = "æ–°ä»» committer: <a href=\"mailto:kgalazka@FreeBSD.org\">Krzysztof Galazka</a> (src)"
+
+[[news]]
 date = "2025-03-11"
 title = "FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE 發布了"
 description = "<a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.5R/announce/\">FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE</a>ç�¾å·²ç™¼å¸ƒäº†ă€‚安è£�å‰�，請查看 <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.5R/relnotes/\">發布é€�知</a>å’Œ <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/13.5R/errata/\">發行勘誤</a>以了解 13.5 ç�„最新消æ�¯å’Œå•�é¡Œă€‚æ›´å¤�資è¨�å�¯æŸ¥çœ‹ <a href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/\">發行版資è¨�</a>é �é�¢ă€‚"
diff --git a/website/static/.well-known/security.txt b/website/static/.well-known/security.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c99200641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/.well-known/security.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Our security addresses
+Contact: mailto:security-officer@FreeBSD.org
+Contact: mailto:secteam@FreeBSD.org
+
+# Our OpenPGP key
+Encryption: https://www.freebsd.org/security/so_public_key.asc
+
+# The codes for the languages our security contacts prefer to use
+Preferred-Languages: en
+
+# The official URL for this file
+Canonical: https://www.freebsd.org/.well-known/security.txt
+
+# Our security policy pages
+Policy: https://www.freebsd.org/security/#reporting
+Policy: https://www.freebsd.org/security/reporting/
+
+Expires: 2025-12-06T00:00:00.000Z
diff --git a/website/static/gifs/fastlyLogo-red-SVG.svg b/website/static/gifs/fastlyLogo-red-SVG.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c372d52649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/gifs/fastlyLogo-red-SVG.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 198.27"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#ff282d;}</style></defs><g id="Layer_2" data-name="Layer 2"><g id="Layer_1-2" data-name="Layer 1"><g id="Fastly_Logo_-_Red" data-name="Fastly Logo - Red"><g id="Fastly_Logo_-_Red-2" data-name="Fastly Logo - Red"><polygon class="cls-1" points="348.44 20.35 348.44 153.94 388.57 153.94 388.57 133.53 375.31 133.53 375.31 0 348.44 0 348.44 20.35"/><path class="cls-1" d="M0,133.53H13.64V69.08H0V51.35l13.64-2.24V31.17C13.64,9.43,18.37,0,46.09,0A115.17,115.17,0,0,1,65.38,2L61.7,23.85a49.78,49.78,0,0,0-9-.78c-9.76,0-12.23,1-12.23,10.51V49.11H60.79v20H40.51v64.45H54v20.4H0Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M334.78,127.08a53.11,53.11,0,0,1-10.54.84c-11.06.27-10.1-3.36-10.1-13.78V69.08h21v-20h-21V0H287.27V119.71c0,23.5,5.8,34.23,31.08,34.23,6,0,14.21-1.54,20.42-2.87Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M501.7,133.63a10.14,10.14,0,1,1-10.19,10.14,10.14,10.14,0,0,1,10.19-10.14m0,18.68a8.55,8.55,0,0,0,8.51-8.54,8.5,8.5,0,1,0-8.51,8.54m1.88-3.56-2.05-3h-1.42v3h-2.29v-10H502c2.46,0,4,1.24,4,3.45a3,3,0,0,1-2.08,3.09l2.49,3.42Zm-3.47-5h1.82c1,0,1.74-.4,1.74-1.5s-.7-1.45-1.68-1.45h-1.88Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M253.72,69V65.46A115.8,115.8,0,0,0,233.14,64c-12.5,0-14,6.63-14,10.23,0,5.08,1.74,7.83,15.29,10.79,19.8,4.45,39.69,9.09,39.69,33.64,0,23.29-12,35.32-37.21,35.32-16.88,0-33.26-3.63-45.76-6.8V127.08h20.35v3.56c8.75,1.69,17.93,1.52,22.73,1.52,13.34,0,15.49-7.17,15.49-11,0-5.29-3.82-7.83-16.32-10.37-23.56-4-42.25-12.07-42.25-36,0-22.65,15.14-31.54,40.37-31.54,17.09,0,30.08,2.65,42.59,5.83V69Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M127.84,85.09,118,93.69a5.25,5.25,0,1,0,3.19,3.2l8.72-9.75Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M171.25,127.07V43.46H144.37V51a55,55,0,0,0-18.11-6.77v-9.1h3.28V28.28H102.48v6.83h3.28v9.17a55.32,55.32,0,1,0,38.76,101.87l4.77,7.78h28.38V127.07Zm-26.64-26.83A28.42,28.42,0,0,1,117.73,127v-3.18h-3.22V127a28.43,28.43,0,0,1-26.68-26.89H91V96.91H87.85a28.42,28.42,0,0,1,26.66-26.65v3.16h3.22V70.25A28.42,28.42,0,0,1,144.61,97h-3.2v3.22Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M456.58,49.11H512v20H498.75l-34,83.62c-9.74,23.48-25.74,45.59-50.1,45.59a93.67,93.67,0,0,1-19.5-2l2.43-24.39a68.7,68.7,0,0,0,10.63,1.1c11.3,0,24-7,28-19.19L401.82,69.06H388.57v-20H444v20H430.78l19.51,48h0l19.51-48H456.58Z"/></g></g></g></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d33b44ce3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi                                            Errata Notice
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          bsdinstall(8) not copying the correct loader on systems with
+                IA32 UEFI firmware.
+
+Category:       core
+Module:         efi
+Announced:      2025-08-08
+Affects:        FreeBSD 14.3
+Corrected:      2025-06-16 23:07:25 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-08-08 00:39:02 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p2)
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Errata Notices and Security
+Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security
+branches, and the following sections, please visit
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+bsdinstall(8) checks the machdep.efi_arch sysctl and depending on its value,
+it either copies loader.efi or loader_ia32.efi.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+The commit that added the machdep.efi_arch sysctl was not MFCed in time for
+releng/14.3, however, the commit that added support for loader_ia32.efi in
+bsdinstall(8) was.  The result is that bsdinstall(8) always copies loader.efi.
+
+III. Impact
+
+bsdinstall(8) copying loader.efi regardless of the firmware's architecture
+results in an unbootable system after install for systems which expect a
+32-bit UEFI loader.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+loader_ia32.efi can be manually copied to /boot/efi/efi/boot/bootia32.efi
+where the EFI boot partition is mounted at /boot/efi.
+
+Systems which have 64-bit UEFI firmware are unaffected.  Non x86 systems are
+likewise unaffected.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security
+branch (releng) dated after the correction date and reboot the system.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+or the i386 platform on FreeBSD 13, can be updated via the freebsd-update(8)
+utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+# reboot
+
+2) To update your system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:12/efi.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:12/efi.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify efi.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile your kernel as described in
+<URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/kernelconfig.html> and reboot the
+system.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/14/                              0e8890a425bc    stable/14-n271710
+releng/14.3/                            ce4fe4c4bfcd  releng/14.3-n271435
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=NNNNNN>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:12.efi.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dfd91e244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip                                      Errata Notice
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          net80211 TKIP crypto support fails for some drivers
+
+Category:       core
+Module:         wlan_tkip
+Announced:      2025-08-08
+Credits:        Adrian Chadd
+Affects:        FreeBSD 14.3
+Corrected:      2025-06-10 23:45:16 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-08-08 00:39:03 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p2)
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Errata Notices and Security
+Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security
+branches, and the following sections, please visit
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+In order to support Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) on modern wireless
+chipsets, the net80211 wireless stack was adjusted to skip certain crypto
+operations if a driver indicated that they were already done by hardware.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+One adjustment erroneously changed a default for an operation from opt-in
+to opt-out.
+
+III. Impact
+
+Older drivers may not pass flags to either opt-in or opt-out and thus
+one TKIP operations is no longer executed for them given the changed
+default.  This leads to non-working wireless connections.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+Users still using TKIP are highly advised to change their Cipher Suite
+to CCMP as TKIP is no longer considered secure and has been deprecated
+since 2012.
+
+No other workaround is available.  Systems using CCMP are unaffected.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security
+branch (releng) dated after the correction date and reboot.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+can be updated via the freebsd-update(8) utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+# shutdown -r +10min "Rebooting for erratum update"
+
+2) To update your system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:13/wlan_tkip.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:13/wlan_tkip.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify wlan_tkip.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile your kernel as described in
+<URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/kernelconfig.html> and reboot the
+system.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/14/                              950343a170f0    stable/14-n271651
+releng/14.3/                            a3bd81ddfe29  releng/14.3-n271436
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=NNNNNN>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+<URL:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=288009>
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:13.wlan_tkip.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f3a13f3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route                                          Errata Notice
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          route(8) monitor buffers too much when redirected to a file
+
+Category:       core
+Module:         route
+Announced:      2025-08-08
+Affects:        FreeBSD 14.x
+Corrected:      2025-07-21 02:13:16 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-08-08 00:39:04 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p2)
+                2025-08-08 00:39:17 UTC (releng/14.2, 14.2-RELEASE-p5)
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Errata Notices and Security
+Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security
+branches, and the following sections, please visit
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+route(8)'s `monitor` command continuously reports routing changes on the system,
+which may be used interactively or by other tooling.  When a command's output
+is redirected to a file, its standard output becomes fully buffered.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+In FreeBSD 14.x, route(8) does not flush its standard output at distinct message
+boundaries as it previously did in FreeBSD 13.x and before.  As such, it could
+appear that no changes are happening on the system when its output has been
+redirected to a file.
+
+III. Impact
+
+Other programs that rely on `route monitor` are likely to miss changes that
+they are expecting to see, unless routing tables/information are changing at
+a high frequency.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+Use `stdbuf -oL route monitor` to force the output of `route monitor` to be
+line-buffered.  See stdbuf(1).  Programs watching `route monitor` output are
+not incredibly common.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security
+branch (releng) dated after the correction date, and restart any affected
+services.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+or the i386 platform on FreeBSD 13, can be updated via the freebsd-update(8)
+utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+
+2) To update your system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:14/route.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:14/route.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify route.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as
+described in <URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html>.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/14/                              dd695839efd8    stable/14-n271995
+releng/14.3/                            97f34921d77b  releng/14.3-n271437
+releng/14.2/                            168703212b61  releng/14.2-n269531
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=NNNNNN>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+<URL:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=278265>
+<URL:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=275026>
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:14.route.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2da868709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64                                          Errata Notice
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          arm64 syscall(2) allows unprivileged user to panic kernel
+
+Category:       core
+Module:         arm64
+Announced:      2025-09-16
+Credits:        Juniper Networks, Inc.
+Affects:        All supported versions of FreeBSD.
+Corrected:      2025-08-25 15:23:01 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-09-16 16:31:06 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p3)
+                2025-09-16 16:31:17 UTC (releng/14.2, 14.2-RELEASE-p6)
+                2025-08-25 15:23:22 UTC (stable/13, 13.5-STABLE)
+                2025-09-16 16:31:26 UTC (releng/13.5, 13.5-RELEASE-p4)
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Errata Notices and Security
+Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security
+branches, and the following sections, please visit
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+The FreeBSD arm64 kernel implements a 32-bit compatibility layer, enabling
+execution of unmodified 32-bit arm binaries on a 64-bit system.
+
+FreeBSD implements a pseudo system call, syscall(2), which lets the caller
+invoke a system call selected using the first system call argument.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+The 32-bit compatibility layer implements syscall(2).  It performs some
+validation of the system call parameters and explicitly calls panic() to
+panic the system if an unexpected state is reached.
+
+It is possible to construct a program which can reach this unexpected state,
+resulting in a panic.  In particular, no particular privileges are required
+to do so.
+
+III. Impact
+
+An unprivileged user may be able to trigger a panic.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+No workaround is available.  Non-arm64 platforms are unaffected.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security
+branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+or the i386 platform on FreeBSD 13, can be updated via the freebsd-update(8)
+utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+# shutdown -r +10min "Rebooting for a security update"
+
+2) To update your system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:15/arm64.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:15/arm64.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify arm64.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile your kernel as described in
+<URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/kernelconfig.html> and reboot the
+system.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/14/                              17d87881a363    stable/14-n272249
+releng/14.3/                            99012995b4c6  releng/14.3-n271440
+releng/14.2/                            722746b39e6e  releng/14.2-n269534
+stable/13/                              98ac13c4baf5    stable/13-n259404
+releng/13.5/                            751971e55454  releng/13.5-n259175
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=NNNNNN>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:15.arm64.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:16.vfs.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:16.vfs.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..648944e6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:16.vfs.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-EN-25:16.vfs                                            Errata Notice
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          copy_file_range(2) fails to set output parameters
+
+Category:       core
+Module:         vfs
+Announced:      2025-09-16
+Affects:        FreeBSD 14.3
+Corrected:      2025-08-23 21:25:20 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-09-16 16:31:07 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p3)
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Errata Notices and Security
+Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security
+branches, and the following sections, please visit
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+copy_file_range(2) is a system call which takes two file descriptors as input
+and copies data from one file to the other.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+The copy_file_range(2) system call accepts two optional pointer arguments,
+inoffp and outoffp.  When non-NULL, the kernel is to use their values to
+determine the starting offsets for the input and output files, respectively.
+In this case, the seek offset corresponding to the file descriptor is not
+used or updated.
+
+When finishing the copy, the kernel is supposed to write updated offsets to
+the pointed-to values.  However, it does not do so.
+
+III. Impact
+
+Applications which rely on this behaviour may behave incorrectly.  No such
+applications exist in the base system.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+No workaround is available.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security
+branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+or the i386 platform on FreeBSD 13, can be updated via the freebsd-update(8)
+utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+# shutdown -r now
+
+2) To update your system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:16/vfs.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:16/vfs.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify vfs.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile your kernel as described in
+<URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/kernelconfig.html> and reboot the
+system.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/14/                              2fd0083fcc23    stable/14-n272229
+releng/14.3/                            d1e981cbf3bd  releng/14.3-n271441
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=NNNNNN>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+<URL:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=288985>
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:16.vfs.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:17.bnxt.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:17.bnxt.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df6b461cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:17.bnxt.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-EN-25:17.bnxt                                           Errata Notice
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          bnxt(4) fails to set media type in some cases
+
+Category:       core
+Module:         bnxt
+Announced:      2025-09-16
+Affects:        FreeBSD 14.3
+Corrected:      2025-06-22 07:18:55 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-09-16 16:31:08 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p3)
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Errata Notices and Security
+Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security
+branches, and the following sections, please visit
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+The bnxt(4) driver provides support for Broadcom NetXtreme-C/NetXtreme-E Family
+of Ethernet controllers.  A key function of the driver is to report the various
+supported physical media types and operational modes (e.g., 1000base-T,
+40GBASE-AOC, full-duplex, autoselect) to the operating system's ifmedia
+interface.  This allows network administrators to view and configure the
+interface link settings.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+A logic error was introduced into the bnxt(4) driver which prevented the proper
+population of the supported media list for several physical connection types.
+Inside the function responsible for building this list, a switch statement
+incorrectly used return statements instead of break statements.  This caused
+the function to exit prematurely after identifying certain media types,
+including common BASE-T (copper), 40G Active Optical Cable (AOC), and 1G-CX
+connections, before the corresponding speed and duplex options could be
+registered with the network subsystem.
+
+III. Impact
+
+For network controllers using the affected media types, the driver fails to
+advertise any supported link modes.  An administrator running ifconfig(8) on
+the interface would see incorrect media (unknown).  Because of this, the
+network interface may be unable to establish a link, as the operating system
+cannot properly configure it or initiate auto-negotiation.  The network port
+will be unusable.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+No workaround is available.  Only systems that uses bnxt(4) device with the
+affected media types are affected.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security
+branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+or the i386 platform on FreeBSD 13, can be updated via the freebsd-update(8)
+utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+# shutdown -r now
+
+2) To update your system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:17/bnxt.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:17/bnxt.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify bnxt.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile your kernel as described in
+<URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/kernelconfig.html> and reboot the
+system.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/14/                              33f65f12eba1    stable/14-n271757
+releng/14.3/                            c07b1838f9c9  releng/14.3-n271442
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=33f65f12eba1>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+<URL:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=287395>
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:17.bnxt.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..879a139248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update                                 Errata Notice
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          freebsd-update(8) installs libraries in incorrect order
+
+Category:       core
+Module:         freebsd-update
+Announced:      2025-09-30
+Credits:        Graham Perrin
+Affects:        All supported versions of FreeBSD.
+Corrected:      2025-09-25 19:26:37 UTC (stable/15, 15.0-ALPHA4)
+                2025-09-25 19:27:06 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-09-30 15:37:15 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p4)
+                2025-09-30 15:37:24 UTC (releng/14.2, 14.2-RELEASE-p7)
+                2025-09-25 19:27:34 UTC (stable/13, 13.5-STABLE)
+                2025-09-30 15:37:34 UTC (releng/13.5, 13.5-RELEASE-p5)
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Errata Notices and Security
+Advisories, including descriptions of the fields above, security
+branches, and the following sections, please visit
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+The freebsd-update(8) utility is used to fetch, install, and rollback
+binary updates to the FreeBSD base system.  In addition to security and
+errata updates within a release (its original purpose), freebsd-update(8)
+can be used to upgrade to a newer FreeBSD release.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+When installing updates, freebsd-update(8) did not enforce ordering between
+the C standard library ("libc") and the system library ("libsys") which was
+introduced in FreeBSD 15.0.
+
+III. Impact
+
+When using freebsd-update(8) to upgrade a system from FreeBSD 13.x or 14.x to
+FreeBSD 15.0, freebsd-update(8) would install a new libc which depends on
+libsys before the libsys library existed.  This resulted in the rest of the
+update failing to install and a mostly-unusable system, with only statically
+linked binaries (e.g. in /rescue) functioning.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+No workaround is available, but this misbehaviour only applies to using
+freebsd-update(8) to upgrade to FreeBSD 15.0; applying security and errata
+updates (including this one) within a release branch is unaffected.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your system to a supported FreeBSD stable or release / security
+branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+or the i386 platform on FreeBSD 13, can be updated via the freebsd-update(8)
+utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+
+2) To update your system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:18/freebsd-update.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/EN-25:18/freebsd-update.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify freebsd-update.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as
+described in <URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html>.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/15/                              8134e7f4b406    stable/15-n280326
+stable/14/                              e26928669f39    stable/14-n272484
+releng/14.3/                            978e04ff5bcf  releng/14.3-n271445
+releng/14.2/                            3447fea3523b  releng/14.2-n269536
+stable/13/                              87eb52f1b061    stable/13-n259445
+releng/13.5/                            ab91dd76ff72  releng/13.5-n259177
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=NNNNNN>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+<URL:https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=289769>
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-EN-25:18.freebsd-update.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1242dd39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive                                 Security Advisory
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          Integer overflow in libarchive leading to double free
+
+Category:       contrib
+Module:         libarchive
+Announced:      2025-08-08
+Affects:        All supported versions of FreeBSD.
+Corrected:      2025-06-19 22:47:34 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-08-08 00:39:05 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p2)
+                2025-08-08 00:39:19 UTC (releng/14.2, 14.2-RELEASE-p5)
+                2025-06-20 20:43:32 UTC (stable/13, 13.5-STABLE)
+                2025-08-08 00:39:29 UTC (releng/13.5, 13.5-RELEASE-p3)
+CVE Name:       CVE-2025-5914
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,
+including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the
+following sections, please visit <URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+The libarchive(3) library provides a flexible interface for reading and
+writing streaming archive files such as tar(1) and cpio(1), and has been the
+basis for the FreeBSD implementation of the tar(1) and cpio(1) utilities
+since FreeBSD 5.3.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+An integer overflow in the archive_read_format_rar_seek_data() function may
+lead to a double free problem.
+
+III. Impact
+
+Exploiting a double free vulnerability can cause memory corruption.  This in
+turn could enable a threat actor to execute arbitrary code.  It might also
+result in denial of service.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+No workaround is available.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or
+release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+or the i386 platform on FreeBSD 13, can be updated via the freebsd-update(8)
+utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+
+2) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-25:07/libarchive.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-25:07/libarchive.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify libarchive.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as
+described in <URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html>.
+
+Restart all daemons that use the library, or reboot the system.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/14/                              6dad4525a291    stable/14-n271728
+releng/14.3/                            fb780a82dfbd  releng/14.3-n271438
+releng/14.2/                            c0979bd2734f  releng/14.2-n269532
+stable/13/                              f47afeb2ce1e    stable/13-n259312
+releng/13.5/                            798b7b161a71  releng/13.5-n259173
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=NNNNNN>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+<URL:https://github.com/libarchive/libarchive/pull/2598>
+<URL:https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7376-x4rm-3v8x>
+<URL:https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-5914>
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:07.libarchive.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=fwMp
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl.asc b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..339a9ce084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA512
+
+=============================================================================
+FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl                                    Security Advisory
+                                                          The FreeBSD Project
+
+Topic:          Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL
+
+Category:       contrib
+Module:         openssl
+Announced:      2025-09-30
+Credits:        Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research)
+Affects:        All supported versions of FreeBSD.
+Corrected:      2025-09-30 15:26:14 UTC (stable/15, 15.0-ALPHA4)
+                2025-09-30 15:28:38 UTC (stable/14, 14.3-STABLE)
+                2025-09-30 15:37:16 UTC (releng/14.3, 14.3-RELEASE-p4)
+                2025-09-30 15:37:25 UTC (releng/14.2, 14.2-RELEASE-p7)
+                2025-09-30 15:30:02 UTC (stable/13, 13.5-STABLE)
+                2025-09-30 15:37:35 UTC (releng/13.5, 13.5-RELEASE-p5)
+CVE Name:       CVE-2025-9230, CVE-2025-9231, CVE-2025-9232
+
+For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,
+including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the
+following sections, please visit <URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/>.
+
+I.   Background
+
+FreeBSD includes software from the OpenSSL Project.  The OpenSSL Project is a
+collaborative effort to develop a robust, commercial-grade, full-featured
+Open Source toolkit for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.  It is
+also a general-purpose cryptography library.
+
+II.  Problem Description
+
+* Out-of-bounds read & write in RFC 3211 KEK Unwrap (CVE-2025-9230)
+Affects: FreeBSD 15.x, 14.x, and 13.x
+
+An application trying to decrypt cryptographic message syntax (CMS) messages
+encrypted using password based encryption can trigger an out-of-bounds read
+and write.
+
+* Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM (CVE-2025-9231)
+Affects: FreeBSD 15.x only
+
+A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the
+private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64-bit ARM
+platforms.
+
+* Out-of-bounds read in HTTP client no_proxy handling (CVE-2025-9232)
+Affects: FreeBSD 15.x and 14.x only
+
+An application using the OpenSSL HTTP client API functions may trigger an
+out-of-bounds read if the "no_proxy" environment variable is set and the host
+portion of the authority component of the HTTP URL is an IPv6 address.
+
+III. Impact
+
+* Out-of-bounds read & write in RFC 3211 KEK Unwrap (CVE-2025-9230)
+Affects: FreeBSD 15.x, 14.x, and 13.x
+
+The out-of-bounds read may trigger a crash which leads to denial of service
+for an application.  The out-of-bounds write can cause a memory corruption
+which can have various consequences including a denial of service or
+execution of attacker-supplied code.
+
+Although the consequences of a successful exploit of this vulnerability
+could be severe, the probability that an attacker would be able to
+perform it is low.  Password based (PWRI) encryption support in CMS
+messages is very rarely used.
+
+* Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM (CVE-2025-9231)
+Affects: FreeBSD 15.x only
+
+A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms
+could allow recovering the private key by an attacker.
+
+OpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so
+this CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts.  However, it is possible to
+add support for such certificates via a custom provider.
+
+* Out-of-bounds read in HTTP client no_proxy handling (CVE-2025-9232)
+Affects: FreeBSD 15.x and 14.x only
+
+An out-of-bounds read can trigger a crash which leads to denial of service
+for an application.
+
+The OpenSSL HTTP client API functions can be used directly by applications
+but they are also used by the OCSP client functions and CMP (Certificate
+Management Protocol) client implementation in OpenSSL.  However the URLs used
+by these implementations are unlikely to be controlled by an attacker.
+
+In this vulnerable code the out of bounds read can only trigger a crash.
+Furthermore the vulnerability requires an attacker-controlled URL to be
+passed from an application to the OpenSSL function and the user has to have
+a "no_proxy" environment variable set.
+
+IV.  Workaround
+
+No workaround is available. Several of the issues have mitigating factors.
+Please see the Impact section for more details.
+
+V.   Solution
+
+Upgrade your vulnerable system to a supported FreeBSD stable or
+release / security branch (releng) dated after the correction date.
+
+Perform one of the following:
+
+1) To update your vulnerable system via a binary patch:
+
+Systems running a RELEASE version of FreeBSD on the amd64 or arm64 platforms,
+or the i386 platform on FreeBSD 13, can be updated via the freebsd-update(8)
+utility:
+
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+# shutdown -r +10min "Rebooting for a security update"
+
+2) To update your vulnerable system via a source code patch:
+
+The following patches have been verified to apply to the applicable
+FreeBSD release branches.
+
+a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the
+detached PGP signature using your PGP utility.
+
+[FreeBSD 15.x]
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-15.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-15.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify openssl-15.patch.asc
+
+[FreeBSD 14.x]
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-14.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-14.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify openssl-14.patch.asc
+
+[FreeBSD 13.5]
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-13.patch
+# fetch https://security.FreeBSD.org/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-13.patch.asc
+# gpg --verify openssl-13.patch.asc
+
+b) Apply the patch.  Execute the following commands as root:
+
+# cd /usr/src
+# patch < /path/to/patch
+
+c) Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as
+described in <URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html>.
+
+Restart all daemons that use the library, or reboot the system.
+
+VI.  Correction details
+
+This issue is corrected as of the corresponding Git commit hash in the
+following stable and release branches:
+
+Branch/path                             Hash                     Revision
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+stable/15/                              4d6fd774b5b3    stable/15-n280387
+stable/14/                              270158508d7c    stable/14-n272541
+releng/14.3/                            75d258af9fe9  releng/14.3-n271446
+releng/14.2/                            6a0d914d9c3e  releng/14.2-n269537
+stable/13/                              c0dbaf2b5dbd    stable/13-n259448
+releng/13.5/                            ae7c74cfa531  releng/13.5-n259178
+- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Run the following command to see which files were modified by a
+particular commit:
+
+# git show --stat <commit hash>
+
+Or visit the following URL, replacing NNNNNN with the hash:
+
+<URL:https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=NNNNNN>
+
+To determine the commit count in a working tree (for comparison against
+nNNNNNN in the table above), run:
+
+# git rev-list --count --first-parent HEAD
+
+VII. References
+
+<URL:https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20250930.txt>
+
+<URL:https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-9230>
+<URL:https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-9231>
+<URL:https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-9232>
+
+The latest revision of this advisory is available at
+<URL:https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:08.openssl.asc>
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:12/efi.patch b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:12/efi.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd15bf1b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:12/efi.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+--- stand/efi/loader/bootinfo.c.orig
++++ stand/efi/loader/bootinfo.c
+@@ -447,9 +447,15 @@
+ 	module = *modulep;
+ 	file_addmetadata(kfp, MODINFOMD_MODULEP, sizeof(module), &module);
+ #endif
+-#if defined(EFI) && !defined(__i386__)
++#ifdef EFI
++#ifndef __i386__
+ 	file_addmetadata(kfp, MODINFOMD_FW_HANDLE, sizeof(ST), &ST);
+ #endif
++#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
++	file_addmetadata(kfp, MODINFOMD_EFI_ARCH, sizeof(MACHINE_ARCH),
++	    MACHINE_ARCH);
++#endif
++#endif
+ #ifdef LOADER_GELI_SUPPORT
+ 	geli_export_key_metadata(kfp);
+ #endif
+--- sys/amd64/amd64/machdep.c.orig
++++ sys/amd64/amd64/machdep.c
+@@ -1691,6 +1691,27 @@
+     efi_map_sysctl_handler, "S,efi_map_header",
+     "Raw EFI Memory Map");
+ 
++static int
++efi_arch_sysctl_handler(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
++{
++	char *arch;
++	caddr_t kmdp;
++
++	kmdp = preload_search_by_type("elf kernel");
++	if (kmdp == NULL)
++		kmdp = preload_search_by_type("elf64 kernel");
++
++	arch = (char *)preload_search_info(kmdp,
++	    MODINFO_METADATA | MODINFOMD_EFI_ARCH);
++	if (arch == NULL)
++		return (0);
++
++	return (SYSCTL_OUT_STR(req, arch));
++}
++SYSCTL_PROC(_machdep, OID_AUTO, efi_arch,
++    CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0,
++    efi_arch_sysctl_handler, "A", "EFI Firmware Architecture");
++
+ void
+ spinlock_enter(void)
+ {
+--- sys/x86/include/metadata.h.orig
++++ sys/x86/include/metadata.h
+@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
+ #define	MODINFOMD_EFI_FB	0x1005
+ #define	MODINFOMD_MODULEP	0x1006
+ #define	MODINFOMD_VBE_FB	0x1007
++#define	MODINFOMD_EFI_ARCH	0x1008
+ 
+ struct efi_map_header {
+ 	uint64_t	memory_size;
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:12/efi.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:12/efi.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac25268b3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:12/efi.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=rniG
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:13/wlan_tkip.patch b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:13/wlan_tkip.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b26adf8fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:13/wlan_tkip.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+ sys/net80211/ieee80211_crypto_tkip.c | 2 +-
+ 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
+--- sys/net80211/ieee80211_crypto_tkip.c.orig
++++ sys/net80211/ieee80211_crypto_tkip.c
+@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Strip the ICV if hardware has not done so already.
+ 	 */
+-	if (rxs != NULL && (rxs->c_pktflags & IEEE80211_RX_F_ICV_STRIP) == 0)
++	if ((rxs == NULL) || (rxs->c_pktflags & IEEE80211_RX_F_ICV_STRIP) == 0)
+ 		m_adj(m, -tkip.ic_trailer);
+ 
+ 	return 1;
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:13/wlan_tkip.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:13/wlan_tkip.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a757c7505d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:13/wlan_tkip.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEthUnfoEIffdcgYM7bljekB8AGu8FAmiVSh4ACgkQbljekB8A
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+=np7v
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:14/route.patch b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:14/route.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fcdde605ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:14/route.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+--- sbin/route/route_netlink.c.orig
++++ sbin/route/route_netlink.c
+@@ -733,6 +733,7 @@
+ 		print_nlmsg_generic(h, hdr, cinfo);
+ 	}
+ 
++	fflush(stdout);
+ 	snl_clear_lb(&h->ss_cmd);
+ }
+ 
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:14/route.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:14/route.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2921d98028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:14/route.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:15/arm64.patch b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:15/arm64.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5c5ea4b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:15/arm64.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--- sys/arm64/arm64/elf32_machdep.c.orig
++++ sys/arm64/arm64/elf32_machdep.c
+@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
+ 	register_t *ap;
+ 	struct syscall_args *sa;
+ 	int error, i, nap, narg;
+-	unsigned int args[4];
++	unsigned int args[6];
+ 
+ 	nap = 4;
+ 	p = td->td_proc;
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:15/arm64.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:15/arm64.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b8cae892e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:15/arm64.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+=pygX
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:16/vfs.patch b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:16/vfs.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..226ae9f81a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:16/vfs.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+--- sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c.orig
++++ sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c
+@@ -5050,11 +5050,12 @@
+ 	size_t retlen;
+ 	void *rl_rcookie, *rl_wcookie;
+ 	off_t inoff, outoff, savinoff, savoutoff;
+-	bool foffsets_locked;
++	bool foffsets_locked, foffsets_set;
+ 
+ 	infp = outfp = NULL;
+ 	rl_rcookie = rl_wcookie = NULL;
+ 	foffsets_locked = false;
++	foffsets_set = false;
+ 	error = 0;
+ 	retlen = 0;
+ 
+@@ -5122,6 +5123,8 @@
+ 		}
+ 		foffset_lock_pair(infp1, &inoff, outfp1, &outoff, 0);
+ 		foffsets_locked = true;
++	} else {
++		foffsets_set = true;
+ 	}
+ 	savinoff = inoff;
+ 	savoutoff = outoff;
+@@ -5180,11 +5183,12 @@
+ 		vn_rangelock_unlock(invp, rl_rcookie);
+ 	if (rl_wcookie != NULL)
+ 		vn_rangelock_unlock(outvp, rl_wcookie);
++	if ((foffsets_locked || foffsets_set) &&
++	    (error == EINTR || error == ERESTART)) {
++		inoff = savinoff;
++		outoff = savoutoff;
++	}
+ 	if (foffsets_locked) {
+-		if (error == EINTR || error == ERESTART) {
+-			inoff = savinoff;
+-			outoff = savoutoff;
+-		}
+ 		if (inoffp == NULL)
+ 			foffset_unlock(infp, inoff, 0);
+ 		else
+@@ -5193,6 +5197,9 @@
+ 			foffset_unlock(outfp, outoff, 0);
+ 		else
+ 			*outoffp = outoff;
++	} else if (foffsets_set) {
++		*inoffp = inoff;
++		*outoffp = outoff;
+ 	}
+ 	if (outfp != NULL)
+ 		fdrop(outfp, td);
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:16/vfs.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:16/vfs.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d302e77f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:16/vfs.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEthUnfoEIffdcgYM7bljekB8AGu8FAmjJlBQACgkQbljekB8A
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+pGlJ5/MXZQLGE4oPi4wb2lErHwpogfS6Jq0prnXE6IbLAi6EHFk=
+=Yxtv
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:17/bnxt.patch b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:17/bnxt.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..796f2332bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:17/bnxt.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+--- sys/dev/bnxt/bnxt_en/if_bnxt.c.orig
++++ sys/dev/bnxt/bnxt_en/if_bnxt.c
+@@ -4609,34 +4609,34 @@
+ 
+ 	case HWRM_PORT_PHY_QCFG_OUTPUT_PHY_TYPE_40G_ACTIVE_CABLE:
+ 		media_type = BNXT_MEDIA_AC;
+-		return;
++		break;
+ 
+ 	case HWRM_PORT_PHY_QCFG_OUTPUT_PHY_TYPE_1G_BASECX:
+ 		media_type = BNXT_MEDIA_BASECX;
+-		return;
++		break;
+ 
+ 	case HWRM_PORT_PHY_QCFG_OUTPUT_PHY_TYPE_1G_BASET:
+ 	case HWRM_PORT_PHY_QCFG_OUTPUT_PHY_TYPE_BASET:
+ 	case HWRM_PORT_PHY_QCFG_OUTPUT_PHY_TYPE_BASETE:
+ 		media_type = BNXT_MEDIA_BASET;
+-		return;
++		break;
+ 
+ 	case HWRM_PORT_PHY_QCFG_OUTPUT_PHY_TYPE_BASEKX:
+ 		media_type = BNXT_MEDIA_BASEKX;
+-		return;
++		break;
+ 
+ 	case HWRM_PORT_PHY_QCFG_OUTPUT_PHY_TYPE_SGMIIEXTPHY:
+ 		media_type = BNXT_MEDIA_BASESGMII;
+-		return;
++		break;
+ 
+ 	case HWRM_PORT_PHY_QCFG_OUTPUT_PHY_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
+ 		/* Only Autoneg is supported for TYPE_UNKNOWN */
+-		return;
++		break;
+ 
+         default:
+ 		/* Only Autoneg is supported for new phy type values */
+ 		device_printf(softc->dev, "phy type %d not supported by driver\n", phy_type);
+-		return;
++		break;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	switch (link_info->sig_mode) {
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:17/bnxt.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:17/bnxt.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e25f45b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:17/bnxt.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEthUnfoEIffdcgYM7bljekB8AGu8FAmjJlBYACgkQbljekB8A
+Gu/wNRAAsT7ZDT8E6cuOTcv2lZMKjYdW4gVdM8FQPbHrWm1GgURK7Gm9X6HPmSEC
+kZRO4aYr3CDuPPLkUQk6PvQybIrZWq2/MkNu3OqnN4ByUCb1qzIIBMWAgzwyKZjT
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+SmKeAO7ScgCfS2I9xWj/VYiePwKsd2tPQ8/TgZfeHxKrFdwzpm1GZsacqX9kymvX
+7r7Kl6VjNhuv2sLeEgd25GtG9i6G0bFXJJhC4ZUCkW5LCULIOywUdGEQ1HAvIvlb
+ppHCIXZavoHYyXWRaPTAfxj6v9UdxHFzChK4AG21I4Chh28EutvDTG675HQ7FScd
+ICnCu+g4bDgVJcWkwp+Ou5ViYFQM0e7WgJoBQ23krj6VFj0D0T4=
+=66Ry
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:18/freebsd-update.patch b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:18/freebsd-update.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df93f7bb03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:18/freebsd-update.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+--- usr.sbin/freebsd-update/freebsd-update.sh.orig
++++ usr.sbin/freebsd-update/freebsd-update.sh
+@@ -3111,10 +3111,28 @@
+ 		    grep -E '^/libexec/ld-elf[^|]*\.so\.[0-9]+\|' > INDEX-NEW
+ 		install_from_index INDEX-NEW || return 1
+ 
+-		# Install new shared libraries next
++		# Next, in order, libsys, libc, and libthr.
+ 		grep -vE '^/boot/' $1/INDEX-NEW |
+ 		    grep -vE '^[^|]+\|d\|' |
+ 		    grep -vE '^/libexec/ld-elf[^|]*\.so\.[0-9]+\|' |
++		    grep -E '^[^|]*/lib/libsys\.so\.[0-9]+\|' > INDEX-NEW
++		install_from_index INDEX-NEW || return 1
++		grep -vE '^/boot/' $1/INDEX-NEW |
++		    grep -vE '^[^|]+\|d\|' |
++		    grep -vE '^/libexec/ld-elf[^|]*\.so\.[0-9]+\|' |
++		    grep -E '^[^|]*/lib/libc\.so\.[0-9]+\|' > INDEX-NEW
++		install_from_index INDEX-NEW || return 1
++		grep -vE '^/boot/' $1/INDEX-NEW |
++		    grep -vE '^[^|]+\|d\|' |
++		    grep -vE '^/libexec/ld-elf[^|]*\.so\.[0-9]+\|' |
++		    grep -E '^[^|]*/lib/libthr\.so\.[0-9]+\|' > INDEX-NEW
++		install_from_index INDEX-NEW || return 1
++
++		# Install the rest of the shared libraries next
++		grep -vE '^/boot/' $1/INDEX-NEW |
++		    grep -vE '^[^|]+\|d\|' |
++		    grep -vE '^/libexec/ld-elf[^|]*\.so\.[0-9]+\|' |
++		    grep -vE '^[^|]*/lib/(libsys|libc|libthr)\.so\.[0-9]+\|' |
+ 		    grep -E '^[^|]*/lib/[^|]*\.so\.[0-9]+\|' > INDEX-NEW
+ 		install_from_index INDEX-NEW || return 1
+ 
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:18/freebsd-update.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:18/freebsd-update.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f44b92f70d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/EN-25:18/freebsd-update.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEthUnfoEIffdcgYM7bljekB8AGu8FAmjb+yMACgkQbljekB8A
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+nTZkCzbVCzlqP4JXCDdmjvnAhaf0DxEx7QsSj5YCp5RihIqXaE+XZ4LlQFt0HgDr
+2iLLX2V9g3g966CKcXI0vVt/vzOqpakrcBpnslW0b6+rhthe1MTIhgdDLvpmJ5DX
+a35bUeKqqxCq9yiPDKE0RpABnxSKEWGB+asVErLNRga97wf5fUojTmtLURALMIY8
+OSCW9nsI8iCX/4+eB3OfuWPpW9Z9IGB19CDMgdnVUnozBgjv0cM=
+=saMY
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:07/libarchive.patch b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:07/libarchive.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30d2e8d1df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:07/libarchive.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,38022 @@
+--- contrib/libarchive/COPYING.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/COPYING
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
+    libarchive/mtree.5
+ 
+ * The following source files are in the public domain:
+-   libarchive/archive_getdate.c
++   libarchive/archive_parse_date.c
+ 
+ * The following source files are triple-licensed with the ability to choose
+   from CC0 1.0 Universal, OpenSSL or Apache 2.0 licenses:
+--- contrib/libarchive/NEWS.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/NEWS
+@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
++Jun 01, 2026: libarchive 3.8.1 released
++
++May 20, 2025: libarchive 3.8.0 released
++
++Mar 30, 2025: libarchive 3.7.9 released
++
++Mar 20, 2025: libarchive 3.7.8 released
++
+ Oct 13, 2024: libarchive 3.7.7 released
+ 
+ Sep 23, 2024: libarchive 3.7.6 released
+--- contrib/libarchive/README.md.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/README.md
+@@ -85,13 +85,14 @@
+   * PWB binary cpio
+   * ISO9660 CD-ROM images (with optional Rockridge or Joliet extensions)
+   * ZIP archives (with uncompressed or "deflate" compressed entries, including support for encrypted Zip archives)
+-  * ZIPX archives (with support for bzip2, ppmd8, lzma and xz compressed entries)
++  * ZIPX archives (with support for bzip2, zstd, ppmd8, lzma and xz compressed entries)
+   * GNU and BSD 'ar' archives
+   * 'mtree' format
+   * 7-Zip archives (including archives that use zstandard compression)
+   * Microsoft CAB format
+   * LHA and LZH archives
+   * RAR and RAR 5.0 archives (with some limitations due to RAR's proprietary status)
++  * WARC archives
+   * XAR archives
+ 
+ The library also detects and handles any of the following before evaluating the archive:
+@@ -120,15 +121,18 @@
+   * PWB binary cpio
+   * shar archives
+   * ZIP archives (with uncompressed or "deflate" compressed entries)
++  * ZIPX archives (with bzip2, zstd, lzma or xz compressed entries)
+   * GNU and BSD 'ar' archives
+   * 'mtree' format
+   * ISO9660 format
+-  * 7-Zip archives
++  * 7-Zip archives (including archives that use zstandard compression)
++  * WARC archives
+   * XAR archives
+ 
+ When creating archives, the result can be filtered with any of the following:
+ 
+   * uuencode
++  * base64
+   * gzip compression
+   * bzip2 compression
+   * compress/LZW compression
+@@ -241,4 +245,3 @@
+   appropriate.  It has many advantages over other tar formats
+   (including the legacy GNU tar format) and is widely supported by
+   current tar implementations.
+-
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/build/ci/github_actions/install-macos-dependencies.sh
+@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
++#!/bin/sh
++set -eux
++
++# Uncommenting these adds a full minute to the CI time
++#brew update > /dev/null
++#brew upgrade > /dev/null
++
++# This does an upgrade if the package is already installed
++brew install \
++	autoconf \
++	automake \
++	libtool \
++	pkg-config \
++	cmake \
++	xz \
++	lz4 \
++	zstd \
++	libxml2 \
++	openssl
+--- contrib/libarchive/cpio/cpio.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/cpio/cpio.c
+@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@
+ 	else
+ 		strcpy(date, "invalid mtime");
+ 
+-	fprintf(out, "%s%3d %-8s %-8s %8s %12s %s",
++	fprintf(out, "%s%3u %-8s %-8s %8s %12s %s",
+ 	    archive_entry_strmode(entry),
+ 	    archive_entry_nlink(entry),
+ 	    uname, gname, size, date,
+--- contrib/libarchive/cpio/test/test_format_newc.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/cpio/test/test_format_newc.c
+@@ -189,10 +189,10 @@
+ 	gid = from_hex(e + 30, 8); /* gid */
+ 	assertEqualMem(e + 38, "00000003", 8); /* nlink */
+ 	t = from_hex(e + 46, 8); /* mtime */
+-	failure("t=%#08jx now=%#08jx=%jd", (intmax_t)t, (intmax_t)now,
++	failure("t=%#08jx now=%#08jx=%jd", (uintmax_t)t, (uintmax_t)now,
+ 	    (intmax_t)now);
+ 	assert(t <= now); /* File wasn't created in future. */
+-	failure("t=%#08jx now - 2=%#08jx=%jd", (intmax_t)t, (intmax_t)now - 2,
++	failure("t=%#08jx now - 2=%#08jx=%jd", (uintmax_t)t, (uintmax_t)now - 2,
+ 	    (intmax_t)now - 2);
+ 	assert(t >= now - 2); /* File was created w/in last 2 secs. */
+ 	failure("newc format stores body only with last appearance of a link\n"
+@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
+ 		assert(is_hex(e, 110));
+ 		assertEqualMem(e + 0, "070701", 6); /* Magic */
+ 		assert(is_hex(e + 6, 8)); /* ino */
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 		/* Mode: Group members bits and others bits do not work. */
+ 		assertEqualInt(0xa180, from_hex(e + 14, 8) & 0xffc0);
+ #else
+@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
+ 		assertEqualMem(e + 38, "00000001", 8); /* nlink */
+ 		t2 = from_hex(e + 46, 8); /* mtime */
+ 		failure("First entry created at t=%#08jx this entry created"
+-		    " at t2=%#08jx", (intmax_t)t, (intmax_t)t2);
++		    " at t2=%#08jx", (uintmax_t)t, (uintmax_t)t2);
+ 		assert(t2 == t || t2 == t + 1); /* Almost same as first entry. */
+ 		assertEqualMem(e + 54, "00000005", 8); /* File size */
+ 		fs = (uint64_t)from_hex(e + 54, 8);
+@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
+ #endif
+ 	t2 = from_hex(e + 46, 8); /* mtime */
+ 	failure("First entry created at t=%#08jx this entry created at"
+-	    "t2=%#08jx", (intmax_t)t, (intmax_t)t2);
++	    "t2=%#08jx", (uintmax_t)t, (uintmax_t)t2);
+ 	assert(t2 == t || t2 == t + 1); /* Almost same as first entry. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(e + 54, "00000000", 8); /* File size */
+ 	fs = (uint64_t)from_hex(e + 54, 8);
+@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
+ 	assertEqualMem(e + 38, "00000003", 8); /* nlink */
+ 	t2 = from_hex(e + 46, 8); /* mtime */
+ 	failure("First entry created at t=%#08jx this entry created at"
+-	    "t2=%#08jx", (intmax_t)t, (intmax_t)t2);
++	    "t2=%#08jx", (uintmax_t)t, (uintmax_t)t2);
+ 	assert(t2 == t || t2 == t + 1); /* Almost same as first entry. */
+ 	assertEqualInt(10, from_hex(e + 54, 8)); /* File size */
+ 	fs = (uint64_t)from_hex(e + 54, 8);
+--- contrib/libarchive/cpio/test/test_option_a.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/cpio/test/test_option_a.c
+@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
+ 		 * #ifdef this section out.  Most of the test below is
+ 		 * still valid. */
+ 		memset(&times, 0, sizeof(times));
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 		times.actime = 86400;
+ 		times.modtime = 86400;
+ #else
+--- contrib/libarchive/cpio/test/test_option_c.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/cpio/test/test_option_c.c
+@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
+ 	return (1);
+ }
+ 
+-static long long int
++static unsigned long long int
+ from_octal(const char *p, size_t l)
+ {
+ 	long long int r = 0;
+@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
+ 	gid = (int)from_octal(e + 30, 6);
+ 	assertEqualMem(e + 36, "000001", 6); /* nlink */
+ 	failure("file entries should not have rdev set (dev field was 0%o)",
+-	    dev);
++	    (unsigned int)dev);
+ 	assertEqualMem(e + 42, "000000", 6); /* rdev */
+ 	t = from_octal(e + 48, 11); /* mtime */
+ 	assert(t <= now); /* File wasn't created in future. */
+@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
+ 		assert(is_octal(e, 76)); /* Entire header is octal digits. */
+ 		assertEqualMem(e + 0, "070707", 6); /* Magic */
+ 		assertEqualInt(dev, from_octal(e + 6, 6)); /* dev */
+-		assert(ino != from_octal(e + 12, 6)); /* ino */
++		assert(ino != (int)from_octal(e + 12, 6)); /* ino */
+ #if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 		/* On Windows, symbolic link and group members bits and
+ 		 * others bits do not work. */
+@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
+ 	assertEqualInt(dev, from_octal(e + 6, 6));
+ 	/* Ino must be different from first entry. */
+ 	assert(is_octal(e + 12, 6)); /* ino */
+-	assert(ino != from_octal(e + 12, 6));
++	assert(ino != (int)from_octal(e + 12, 6));
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	/* Group members bits and others bits do not work. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(e + 18, "040777", 6); /* Mode */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive.h
+@@ -34,12 +34,15 @@
+  * assert that ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 2012108.
+  */
+ /* Note: Compiler will complain if this does not match archive_entry.h! */
+-#define	ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER 3007007
++#define	ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER 3008001
+ 
+ #include <sys/stat.h>
+ #include <stddef.h>  /* for wchar_t */
+ #include <stdio.h> /* For FILE * */
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++/* time_t is slated to be removed from public includes in 4.0 */
+ #include <time.h> /* For time_t */
++#endif
+ 
+ /*
+  * Note: archive.h is for use outside of libarchive; the configuration
+@@ -63,12 +66,15 @@
+ #define __LA_INT64_T_DEFINED
+ # if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !defined(__WATCOMC__)
+ typedef __int64 la_int64_t;
++typedef unsigned __int64 la_uint64_t;
+ # else
+ # include <unistd.h>  /* ssize_t */
+ #  if defined(_SCO_DS) || defined(__osf__)
+ typedef long long la_int64_t;
++typedef unsigned long long la_uint64_t;
+ #  else
+ typedef int64_t la_int64_t;
++typedef uint64_t la_uint64_t;
+ #  endif
+ # endif
+ #endif
+@@ -94,6 +100,22 @@
+ # endif
+ #endif
+ 
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++/* Use the platform types for time_t */
++#define __LA_TIME_T time_t
++#else
++/* Use 64-bits integer types for time_t */
++#define __LA_TIME_T la_int64_t
++#endif
++
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++/* Use the platform types for dev_t */
++#define __LA_DEV_T dev_t
++#else
++/* Use 64-bits integer types for dev_t */
++#define __LA_DEV_T la_int64_t
++#endif
++
+ /* Large file support for Android */
+ #if defined(__LIBARCHIVE_BUILD) && defined(__ANDROID__)
+ #include "android_lf.h"
+@@ -132,7 +154,7 @@
+ #define	__LA_PRINTF(fmtarg, firstvararg)	/* nothing */
+ #endif
+ 
+-#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1
++#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+ # define __LA_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+ #else
+ # define __LA_DEPRECATED
+@@ -155,7 +177,7 @@
+ /*
+  * Textual name/version of the library, useful for version displays.
+  */
+-#define	ARCHIVE_VERSION_ONLY_STRING "3.7.7"
++#define	ARCHIVE_VERSION_ONLY_STRING "3.8.1"
+ #define	ARCHIVE_VERSION_STRING "libarchive " ARCHIVE_VERSION_ONLY_STRING
+ __LA_DECL const char *	archive_version_string(void);
+ 
+@@ -178,6 +200,23 @@
+ __LA_DECL const char *  archive_bzlib_version(void);
+ __LA_DECL const char *  archive_liblz4_version(void);
+ __LA_DECL const char *  archive_libzstd_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_liblzo2_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libexpat_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libbsdxml_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libxml2_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_mbedtls_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_nettle_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_openssl_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libmd_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_commoncrypto_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_cng_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_wincrypt_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_librichacl_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libacl_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libattr_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libiconv_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libpcre_version(void);
++__LA_DECL const char *  archive_libpcre2_version(void);
+ 
+ /* Declare our basic types. */
+ struct archive;
+@@ -449,6 +488,8 @@
+ __LA_DECL int archive_read_support_format_cab(struct archive *);
+ __LA_DECL int archive_read_support_format_cpio(struct archive *);
+ __LA_DECL int archive_read_support_format_empty(struct archive *);
++/* archive_read_support_format_gnutar() is an alias for historical reasons
++ * of archive_read_support_format_tar(). */
+ __LA_DECL int archive_read_support_format_gnutar(struct archive *);
+ __LA_DECL int archive_read_support_format_iso9660(struct archive *);
+ __LA_DECL int archive_read_support_format_lha(struct archive *);
+@@ -828,6 +869,10 @@
+ __LA_DECL int archive_write_set_format_filter_by_ext_def(struct archive *a, const char *filename, const char * def_ext);
+ __LA_DECL int archive_write_zip_set_compression_deflate(struct archive *);
+ __LA_DECL int archive_write_zip_set_compression_store(struct archive *);
++__LA_DECL int archive_write_zip_set_compression_lzma(struct archive *);
++__LA_DECL int archive_write_zip_set_compression_xz(struct archive *);
++__LA_DECL int archive_write_zip_set_compression_bzip2(struct archive *);
++__LA_DECL int archive_write_zip_set_compression_zstd(struct archive *);
+ /* Deprecated; use archive_write_open2 instead */
+ __LA_DECL int archive_write_open(struct archive *, void *,
+ 		     archive_open_callback *, archive_write_callback *,
+@@ -1083,6 +1128,10 @@
+ 				__LA_DEPRECATED;
+ #endif
+ 
++/* Parses a date string relative to the current time.
++ * NOTE: This is not intended for general date parsing, and the resulting timestamp should only be used for libarchive. */
++__LA_DECL time_t	archive_parse_date(time_t now, const char *datestr);
++
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_errno(struct archive *);
+ __LA_DECL const char	*archive_error_string(struct archive *);
+ __LA_DECL const char	*archive_format_name(struct archive *);
+@@ -1201,8 +1250,10 @@
+ 		    const wchar_t *);
+ 
+ /* Utility functions */
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
+ /* Convenience function to sort a NULL terminated list of strings */
+ __LA_DECL int archive_utility_string_sort(char **);
++#endif
+ 
+ #ifdef __cplusplus
+ }
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_acl.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_acl.c
+@@ -1185,8 +1185,13 @@
+ 		/* Set remaining fields to blank. */
+ 		for (n = fields; n < numfields; ++n)
+ 			field[n].start = field[n].end = NULL;
++		
++		if (field[0].start == NULL || field[0].end == NULL) {
++			/* This should never happen */
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
+ 
+-		if (field[0].start != NULL && *(field[0].start) == L'#') {
++		if (*(field[0].start) == L'#') {
+ 			/* Comment, skip entry */
+ 			continue;
+ 		}
+@@ -1676,7 +1681,12 @@
+ 		for (n = fields; n < numfields; ++n)
+ 			field[n].start = field[n].end = NULL;
+ 
+-		if (field[0].start != NULL && *(field[0].start) == '#') {
++		if (field[0].start == NULL || field[0].end == NULL) {
++			/* This should never happen */
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++
++		if (*(field[0].start) == '#') {
+ 			/* Comment, skip entry */
+ 			continue;
+ 		}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_acl_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_acl_private.h
+@@ -80,4 +80,4 @@
+ int archive_acl_from_text_nl(struct archive_acl *, const char * /* text */,
+     size_t /* size of text */, int /* type */, struct archive_string_conv *);
+ 
+-#endif /* ARCHIVE_ENTRY_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
++#endif /* !ARCHIVE_ACL_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_cmdline.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_cmdline.c
+@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
+ 	archive_string_empty(as);
+ 
+ 	/* Skip beginning space characters. */
+-	while (*s != '\0' && *s == ' ')
++	while (*s == ' ')
+ 		s++;
+ 	/* Copy non-space characters. */
+ 	while (*s != '\0' && *s != ' ') {
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_cryptor_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_cryptor_private.h
+@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
+ 
+ #elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+ #include <bcrypt.h>
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_CNG 1
+ 
+ /* Common in other bcrypt implementations, but missing from VS2008. */
+ #ifndef BCRYPT_SUCCESS
+@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@
+ #include <mbedtls/aes.h>
+ #include <mbedtls/md.h>
+ #include <mbedtls/pkcs5.h>
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_MBED 1
+ 
+ #define AES_MAX_KEY_SIZE 32
+ #define AES_BLOCK_SIZE 16
+@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@
+ #endif
+ #include <nettle/aes.h>
+ #include <nettle/version.h>
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_NETTLE 1
+ 
+ typedef struct {
+ #if NETTLE_VERSION_MAJOR < 3
+@@ -125,6 +128,7 @@
+ 
+ #elif defined(HAVE_LIBCRYPTO)
+ #include "archive_openssl_evp_private.h"
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_OPENSSL 1
+ #define AES_BLOCK_SIZE	16
+ #define AES_MAX_KEY_SIZE 32
+ 
+@@ -140,6 +144,10 @@
+ 
+ #else
+ 
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !(defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA)
++#define ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_WINCRYPT 1
++#endif
++
+ #define AES_BLOCK_SIZE	16
+ #define AES_MAX_KEY_SIZE 32
+ typedef int archive_crypto_ctx;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_digest.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_digest.c
+@@ -196,6 +196,13 @@
+ 
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_LIBSYSTEM)
+ 
++// These functions are available in macOS 10.4 and later, but deprecated from 10.15 onwards.
++// We need to continue supporting this feature regardless, so suppress the warnings.
++#if defined(__clang__)
++#pragma clang diagnostic push
++#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
++#endif
++
+ static int
+ __archive_md5init(archive_md5_ctx *ctx)
+ {
+@@ -218,13 +225,46 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
++#if defined(__clang__)
++#pragma clang diagnostic pop
++#endif
++
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_WIN)
++
++static int
++__archive_md5init(archive_md5_ctx *ctx)
++{
++#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_MD5_ALGORITHM));
++#else
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_FULL, CALG_MD5));
++#endif
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_md5update(archive_md5_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
++    size_t insize)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_md5final(archive_md5_ctx *ctx, void *md)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 16, ctx));
++}
++
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_MBEDTLS)
+ 
+ static int
+ __archive_md5init(archive_md5_ctx *ctx)
+ {
+   mbedtls_md5_init(ctx);
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_md5_starts(ctx) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_md5_starts_ret(ctx) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -234,7 +274,11 @@
+ __archive_md5update(archive_md5_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+     size_t insize)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_md5_update(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_md5_update_ret(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -243,7 +287,11 @@
+ static int
+ __archive_md5final(archive_md5_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_md5_finish(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_md5_finish_ret(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#endif
+     mbedtls_md5_free(ctx);
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   } else {
+@@ -311,31 +359,6 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_WIN)
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_md5init(archive_md5_ctx *ctx)
+-{
+-#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_MD5_ALGORITHM));
+-#else
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_FULL, CALG_MD5));
+-#endif
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_md5update(archive_md5_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+-    size_t insize)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_md5final(archive_md5_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 16, ctx));
+-}
+-
+ #else
+ 
+ static int
+@@ -420,7 +443,11 @@
+ __archive_ripemd160init(archive_rmd160_ctx *ctx)
+ {
+   mbedtls_ripemd160_init(ctx);
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_ripemd160_starts(ctx) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_ripemd160_starts_ret(ctx) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -430,7 +457,11 @@
+ __archive_ripemd160update(archive_rmd160_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+     size_t insize)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_ripemd160_update(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_ripemd160_update_ret(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -439,7 +470,11 @@
+ static int
+ __archive_ripemd160final(archive_rmd160_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_ripemd160_finish(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_ripemd160_finish_ret(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#endif
+     mbedtls_ripemd160_free(ctx);
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   } else {
+@@ -605,13 +640,42 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_WIN)
++
++static int
++__archive_sha1init(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx)
++{
++#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_SHA1_ALGORITHM));
++#else
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_FULL, CALG_SHA1));
++#endif
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_sha1update(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
++    size_t insize)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_sha1final(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx, void *md)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 20, ctx));
++}
++
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_MBEDTLS)
+ 
+ static int
+ __archive_sha1init(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx)
+ {
+   mbedtls_sha1_init(ctx);
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha1_starts(ctx) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha1_starts_ret(ctx) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -621,7 +685,11 @@
+ __archive_sha1update(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+     size_t insize)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha1_update(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha1_update_ret(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -630,7 +698,11 @@
+ static int
+ __archive_sha1final(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha1_finish(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha1_finish_ret(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#endif
+     mbedtls_sha1_free(ctx);
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   } else {
+@@ -698,31 +770,6 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_WIN)
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha1init(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx)
+-{
+-#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_SHA1_ALGORITHM));
+-#else
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_FULL, CALG_SHA1));
+-#endif
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha1update(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+-    size_t insize)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha1final(archive_sha1_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 20, ctx));
+-}
+-
+ #else
+ 
+ static int
+@@ -873,13 +920,42 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_WIN)
++
++static int
++__archive_sha256init(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx)
++{
++#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_SHA256_ALGORITHM));
++#else
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_AES, CALG_SHA_256));
++#endif
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_sha256update(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
++    size_t insize)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_sha256final(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx, void *md)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 32, ctx));
++}
++
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_MBEDTLS)
+ 
+ static int
+ __archive_sha256init(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx)
+ {
+   mbedtls_sha256_init(ctx);
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha256_starts(ctx, 0) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha256_starts_ret(ctx, 0) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -889,7 +965,11 @@
+ __archive_sha256update(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+     size_t insize)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha256_update(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha256_update_ret(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -898,7 +978,11 @@
+ static int
+ __archive_sha256final(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha256_finish(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha256_finish_ret(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#endif
+     mbedtls_sha256_free(ctx);
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   } else {
+@@ -962,31 +1046,6 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_WIN)
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha256init(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx)
+-{
+-#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_SHA256_ALGORITHM));
+-#else
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_AES, CALG_SHA_256));
+-#endif
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha256update(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+-    size_t insize)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha256final(archive_sha256_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 32, ctx));
+-}
+-
+ #else
+ 
+ static int
+@@ -1113,13 +1172,42 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_WIN)
++
++static int
++__archive_sha384init(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx)
++{
++#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_SHA384_ALGORITHM));
++#else
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_AES, CALG_SHA_384));
++#endif
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_sha384update(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
++    size_t insize)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_sha384final(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx, void *md)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 48, ctx));
++}
++
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_MBEDTLS)
+ 
+ static int
+ __archive_sha384init(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx)
+ {
+   mbedtls_sha512_init(ctx);
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha512_starts(ctx, 1) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha512_starts_ret(ctx, 1) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -1129,7 +1217,11 @@
+ __archive_sha384update(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+     size_t insize)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha512_update(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha512_update_ret(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -1138,7 +1230,11 @@
+ static int
+ __archive_sha384final(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha512_finish(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha512_finish_ret(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#endif
+     mbedtls_sha512_free(ctx);
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   } else {
+@@ -1202,31 +1298,6 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_WIN)
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha384init(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx)
+-{
+-#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_SHA384_ALGORITHM));
+-#else
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_AES, CALG_SHA_384));
+-#endif
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha384update(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+-    size_t insize)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha384final(archive_sha384_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 48, ctx));
+-}
+-
+ #else
+ 
+ static int
+@@ -1377,13 +1448,42 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_WIN)
++
++static int
++__archive_sha512init(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx)
++{
++#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_SHA512_ALGORITHM));
++#else
++  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_AES, CALG_SHA_512));
++#endif
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_sha512update(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
++    size_t insize)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
++}
++
++static int
++__archive_sha512final(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx, void *md)
++{
++  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 64, ctx));
++}
++
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_MBEDTLS)
+ 
+ static int
+ __archive_sha512init(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx)
+ {
+   mbedtls_sha512_init(ctx);
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha512_starts(ctx, 0) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha512_starts_ret(ctx, 0) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -1393,7 +1493,11 @@
+ __archive_sha512update(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+     size_t insize)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha512_update(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha512_update_ret(ctx, indata, insize) == 0)
++#endif
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   else
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -1402,7 +1506,11 @@
+ static int
+ __archive_sha512final(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+ {
++#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x03000000
++  if (mbedtls_sha512_finish(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#else
+   if (mbedtls_sha512_finish_ret(ctx, md) == 0) {
++#endif
+     mbedtls_sha512_free(ctx);
+     return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+   } else {
+@@ -1466,31 +1574,6 @@
+   return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_WIN)
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha512init(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx)
+-{
+-#if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, BCRYPT_SHA512_ALGORITHM));
+-#else
+-  return (win_crypto_init(ctx, PROV_RSA_AES, CALG_SHA_512));
+-#endif
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha512update(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx, const void *indata,
+-    size_t insize)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Update(ctx, indata, insize));
+-}
+-
+-static int
+-__archive_sha512final(archive_sha512_ctx *ctx, void *md)
+-{
+-  return (win_crypto_Final(md, 64, ctx));
+-}
+-
+ #else
+ 
+ static int
+@@ -1525,11 +1608,12 @@
+  * 1. libc
+  * 2. libc2
+  * 3. libc3
+- * 4. libSystem
+- * 5. Nettle
+- * 6. OpenSSL
+- * 7. libmd
+- * 8. Windows API
++ * 4. libmd
++ * 5. libSystem
++ * 6. Windows API
++ * 7. mbedTLS
++ * 8. Nettle
++ * 9. OpenSSL
+  */
+ const struct archive_digest __archive_digest =
+ {
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_digest_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_digest_private.h
+@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
+   defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_LIBSYSTEM) ||\
+   defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_LIBSYSTEM)
+ #include <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_CommonCrypto 1
+ #endif
+ 
+ /* mbed TLS crypto headers */
+@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@
+ #if defined(HAVE_BCRYPT_H) && _WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+ /* don't use bcrypt when XP needs to be supported */
+ #include <bcrypt.h>
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_CNG 1
+ typedef struct {
+   int   valid;
+   BCRYPT_ALG_HANDLE  hAlg;
+@@ -175,6 +177,7 @@
+ #else
+ #include <windows.h>
+ #include <wincrypt.h>
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_WINCRYPT 1
+ typedef struct {
+   int   valid;
+   HCRYPTPROV  cryptProv;
+@@ -190,14 +193,16 @@
+ typedef MD5_CTX archive_md5_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_LIBSYSTEM)
+ typedef CC_MD5_CTX archive_md5_ctx;
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_WIN)
++typedef Digest_CTX archive_md5_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_MBEDTLS)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MBED 1
+ typedef mbedtls_md5_context archive_md5_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_NETTLE)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_NETTLE 1
+ typedef struct md5_ctx archive_md5_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_OPENSSL)
+ typedef EVP_MD_CTX *archive_md5_ctx;
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_WIN)
+-typedef Digest_CTX archive_md5_ctx;
+ #else
+ typedef unsigned char archive_md5_ctx;
+ #endif
+@@ -207,8 +212,10 @@
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_RMD160_LIBMD)
+ typedef RIPEMD160_CTX archive_rmd160_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_RMD160_MBEDTLS)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MBED 1
+ typedef mbedtls_ripemd160_context archive_rmd160_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_RMD160_NETTLE)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_NETTLE 1
+ typedef struct ripemd160_ctx archive_rmd160_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_RMD160_OPENSSL)
+ typedef EVP_MD_CTX *archive_rmd160_ctx;
+@@ -222,14 +229,16 @@
+ typedef SHA1_CTX archive_sha1_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_LIBSYSTEM)
+ typedef CC_SHA1_CTX archive_sha1_ctx;
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_WIN)
++typedef Digest_CTX archive_sha1_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_MBEDTLS)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MBED 1
+ typedef mbedtls_sha1_context archive_sha1_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_NETTLE)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_NETTLE 1
+ typedef struct sha1_ctx archive_sha1_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_OPENSSL)
+ typedef EVP_MD_CTX *archive_sha1_ctx;
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_WIN)
+-typedef Digest_CTX archive_sha1_ctx;
+ #else
+ typedef unsigned char archive_sha1_ctx;
+ #endif
+@@ -244,14 +253,16 @@
+ typedef SHA256_CTX archive_sha256_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_LIBSYSTEM)
+ typedef CC_SHA256_CTX archive_sha256_ctx;
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_WIN)
++typedef Digest_CTX archive_sha256_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_MBEDTLS)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MBED 1
+ typedef mbedtls_sha256_context archive_sha256_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_NETTLE)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_NETTLE 1
+ typedef struct sha256_ctx archive_sha256_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_OPENSSL)
+ typedef EVP_MD_CTX *archive_sha256_ctx;
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_WIN)
+-typedef Digest_CTX archive_sha256_ctx;
+ #else
+ typedef unsigned char archive_sha256_ctx;
+ #endif
+@@ -264,14 +275,16 @@
+ typedef SHA2_CTX archive_sha384_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_LIBSYSTEM)
+ typedef CC_SHA512_CTX archive_sha384_ctx;
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_WIN)
++typedef Digest_CTX archive_sha384_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_MBEDTLS)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MBED 1
+ typedef mbedtls_sha512_context archive_sha384_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_NETTLE)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_NETTLE 1
+ typedef struct sha384_ctx archive_sha384_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_OPENSSL)
+ typedef EVP_MD_CTX *archive_sha384_ctx;
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA384_WIN)
+-typedef Digest_CTX archive_sha384_ctx;
+ #else
+ typedef unsigned char archive_sha384_ctx;
+ #endif
+@@ -286,14 +299,16 @@
+ typedef SHA512_CTX archive_sha512_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_LIBSYSTEM)
+ typedef CC_SHA512_CTX archive_sha512_ctx;
++#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_WIN)
++typedef Digest_CTX archive_sha512_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_MBEDTLS)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MBED 1
+ typedef mbedtls_sha512_context archive_sha512_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_NETTLE)
++#define	ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_NETTLE 1
+ typedef struct sha512_ctx archive_sha512_ctx;
+ #elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_OPENSSL)
+ typedef EVP_MD_CTX *archive_sha512_ctx;
+-#elif defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_WIN)
+-typedef Digest_CTX archive_sha512_ctx;
+ #else
+ typedef unsigned char archive_sha512_ctx;
+ #endif
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_disk_acl_freebsd.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_disk_acl_freebsd.c
+@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@
+ 			}
+ 			for (i = 0; i < acl_nfs4_flag_map_size; ++i) {
+ 				r = acl_get_flag_np(acl_flagset,
+-				    acl_nfs4_flag_map[i].p_perm);
++				    (acl_flag_t)acl_nfs4_flag_map[i].p_perm);
+ 				if (r == -1) {
+ 					archive_set_error(&a->archive, errno,
+ 					    "Failed to check flag in a NFSv4 "
+@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
+ 			for (i = 0; i < acl_nfs4_flag_map_size; ++i) {
+ 				if (ae_permset & acl_nfs4_flag_map[i].a_perm) {
+ 					if (acl_add_flag_np(acl_flagset,
+-					    acl_nfs4_flag_map[i].p_perm) != 0) {
++					    (acl_flag_t)acl_nfs4_flag_map[i].p_perm) != 0) {
+ 						archive_set_error(a, errno,
+ 						    "Failed to add flag to "
+ 						    "NFSv4 ACL flagset");
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry.c
+@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
+  * Functions for reading fields from an archive_entry.
+  */
+ 
+-time_t
++__LA_TIME_T
+ archive_entry_atime(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	return (entry->ae_stat.aest_atime);
+@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
+ 	return (entry->ae_set & AE_SET_ATIME);
+ }
+ 
+-time_t
++__LA_TIME_T
+ archive_entry_birthtime(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	return (entry->ae_stat.aest_birthtime);
+@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
+ 	return (entry->ae_set & AE_SET_BIRTHTIME);
+ }
+ 
+-time_t
++__LA_TIME_T
+ archive_entry_ctime(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	return (entry->ae_stat.aest_ctime);
+@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@
+ 	return (entry->ae_stat.aest_ctime_nsec);
+ }
+ 
+-dev_t
++__LA_DEV_T
+ archive_entry_dev(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	if (entry->ae_stat.aest_dev_is_broken_down)
+@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
+ 	return (entry->ae_set & AE_SET_DEV);
+ }
+ 
+-dev_t
++__LA_DEV_T
+ archive_entry_devmajor(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	if (entry->ae_stat.aest_dev_is_broken_down)
+@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@
+ 		return major(entry->ae_stat.aest_dev);
+ }
+ 
+-dev_t
++__LA_DEV_T
+ archive_entry_devminor(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	if (entry->ae_stat.aest_dev_is_broken_down)
+@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
+ 	return (entry->acl.mode);
+ }
+ 
+-time_t
++__LA_TIME_T
+ archive_entry_mtime(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	return (entry->ae_stat.aest_mtime);
+@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
+ 	return (entry->ae_set & AE_SET_RDEV);
+ }
+ 
+-dev_t
++__LA_DEV_T
+ archive_entry_rdev(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	if (archive_entry_rdev_is_set(entry)) {
+@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@
+ 	}
+ }
+ 
+-dev_t
++__LA_DEV_T
+ archive_entry_rdevmajor(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	if (archive_entry_rdev_is_set(entry)) {
+@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@
+ 	}
+ }
+ 
+-dev_t
++__LA_DEV_T
+ archive_entry_rdevminor(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+ 	if (archive_entry_rdev_is_set(entry)) {
+@@ -984,7 +984,9 @@
+ archive_entry_set_ino(struct archive_entry *entry, la_int64_t ino)
+ {
+ 	if (ino < 0) {
+-		ino = 0;
++		entry->stat_valid = 0;
++		entry->ae_set &= ~AE_SET_INO;
++		return;
+ 	}
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+ 	entry->ae_set |= AE_SET_INO;
+@@ -995,7 +997,9 @@
+ archive_entry_set_ino64(struct archive_entry *entry, la_int64_t ino)
+ {
+ 	if (ino < 0) {
+-		ino = 0;
++		entry->stat_valid = 0;
++		entry->ae_set &= ~AE_SET_INO;
++		return;
+ 	}
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+ 	entry->ae_set |= AE_SET_INO;
+@@ -1088,7 +1092,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_atime(struct archive_entry *entry, time_t t, long ns)
++archive_entry_set_atime(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_TIME_T t, long ns)
+ {
+ 	FIX_NS(t, ns);
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+@@ -1105,7 +1109,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_birthtime(struct archive_entry *entry, time_t t, long ns)
++archive_entry_set_birthtime(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_TIME_T t, long ns)
+ {
+ 	FIX_NS(t, ns);
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+@@ -1122,7 +1126,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_ctime(struct archive_entry *entry, time_t t, long ns)
++archive_entry_set_ctime(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_TIME_T t, long ns)
+ {
+ 	FIX_NS(t, ns);
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+@@ -1139,7 +1143,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_dev(struct archive_entry *entry, dev_t d)
++archive_entry_set_dev(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_DEV_T d)
+ {
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+ 	entry->ae_set |= AE_SET_DEV;
+@@ -1148,7 +1152,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_devmajor(struct archive_entry *entry, dev_t m)
++archive_entry_set_devmajor(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_DEV_T m)
+ {
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+ 	entry->ae_set |= AE_SET_DEV;
+@@ -1157,7 +1161,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_devminor(struct archive_entry *entry, dev_t m)
++archive_entry_set_devminor(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_DEV_T m)
+ {
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+ 	entry->ae_set |= AE_SET_DEV;
+@@ -1243,7 +1247,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_mtime(struct archive_entry *entry, time_t t, long ns)
++archive_entry_set_mtime(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_TIME_T t, long ns)
+ {
+ 	FIX_NS(t, ns);
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+@@ -1319,7 +1323,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_rdev(struct archive_entry *entry, dev_t m)
++archive_entry_set_rdev(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_DEV_T m)
+ {
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+ 	entry->ae_stat.aest_rdev = m;
+@@ -1330,7 +1334,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_rdevmajor(struct archive_entry *entry, dev_t m)
++archive_entry_set_rdevmajor(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_DEV_T m)
+ {
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+ 	entry->ae_stat.aest_rdev_is_broken_down = 1;
+@@ -1340,7 +1344,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ void
+-archive_entry_set_rdevminor(struct archive_entry *entry, dev_t m)
++archive_entry_set_rdevminor(struct archive_entry *entry, __LA_DEV_T m)
+ {
+ 	entry->stat_valid = 0;
+ 	entry->ae_stat.aest_rdev_is_broken_down = 1;
+@@ -1603,21 +1607,27 @@
+ 	switch (type) {
+ 	case ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5:
+ 		copy_digest(entry, md5, digest);
++		entry->mset_digest |= AE_MSET_DIGEST_MD5;
+ 		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160:
+ 		copy_digest(entry, rmd160, digest);
++		entry->mset_digest |= AE_MSET_DIGEST_RMD160;
+ 		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1:
+ 		copy_digest(entry, sha1, digest);
++		entry->mset_digest |= AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA1;
+ 		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256:
+ 		copy_digest(entry, sha256, digest);
++		entry->mset_digest |= AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA256;
+ 		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384:
+ 		copy_digest(entry, sha384, digest);
++		entry->mset_digest |= AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA384;
+ 		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512:
+ 		copy_digest(entry, sha512, digest);
++		entry->mset_digest |= AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA512;
+ 		break;
+ 	default:
+ 		return ARCHIVE_WARN;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry.h
+@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
+ #define	ARCHIVE_ENTRY_H_INCLUDED
+ 
+ /* Note: Compiler will complain if this does not match archive.h! */
+-#define	ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER 3007007
++#define	ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER 3008001
+ 
+ /*
+  * Note: archive_entry.h is for use outside of libarchive; the
+@@ -40,8 +40,11 @@
+ 
+ #include <sys/types.h>
+ #include <stddef.h>  /* for wchar_t */
+-#include <stdint.h>
++#include <stdint.h>  /* for C99 int64_t, etc. */
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++/* time_t is slated to be removed from public includes in 4.0 */
+ #include <time.h>
++#endif
+ 
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ #include <windows.h>
+@@ -55,12 +58,15 @@
+ #define __LA_INT64_T_DEFINED
+ # if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !defined(__WATCOMC__)
+ typedef __int64 la_int64_t;
++typedef unsigned __int64 la_uint64_t;
+ # else
+ #include <unistd.h>
+ #  if defined(_SCO_DS) || defined(__osf__)
+ typedef long long la_int64_t;
++typedef unsigned long long la_uint64_t;
+ #  else
+ typedef int64_t la_int64_t;
++typedef uint64_t la_uint64_t;
+ #  endif
+ # endif
+ #endif
+@@ -96,6 +102,30 @@
+ # define	__LA_MODE_T	mode_t
+ #endif
+ 
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++/* Use the platform types for time_t */
++#define __LA_TIME_T time_t
++#else
++/* Use 64-bits integer types for time_t */
++#define __LA_TIME_T la_int64_t
++#endif
++
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++/* Use the platform types for dev_t */
++#define __LA_DEV_T dev_t
++#else
++/* Use 64-bits integer types for dev_t */
++#define __LA_DEV_T la_int64_t
++#endif
++
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++/* Libarchive 3.x used signed int64 for inode numbers */
++#define __LA_INO_T la_int64_t
++#else
++/* Switch to unsigned for libarchive 4.0 */
++#define __LA_INO_T la_uint64_t
++#endif
++
+ /* Large file support for Android */
+ #if defined(__LIBARCHIVE_BUILD) && defined(__ANDROID__)
+ #include "android_lf.h"
+@@ -127,7 +157,8 @@
+ # define __LA_DECL
+ #endif
+ 
+-#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1
++#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 || \
++    (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+ # define __LA_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+ #else
+ # define __LA_DEPRECATED
+@@ -235,19 +266,19 @@
+  * also return NULL when implicit character set conversions fail.
+  * This is usually what you want.
+  */
+-__LA_DECL time_t	 archive_entry_atime(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_TIME_T	 archive_entry_atime(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL long		 archive_entry_atime_nsec(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_atime_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL time_t	 archive_entry_birthtime(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_TIME_T	 archive_entry_birthtime(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL long		 archive_entry_birthtime_nsec(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_birthtime_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL time_t	 archive_entry_ctime(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_TIME_T	 archive_entry_ctime(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL long		 archive_entry_ctime_nsec(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_ctime_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL dev_t		 archive_entry_dev(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_DEV_T		 archive_entry_dev(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_dev_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL dev_t		 archive_entry_devmajor(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL dev_t		 archive_entry_devminor(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_DEV_T		 archive_entry_devmajor(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_DEV_T		 archive_entry_devminor(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL __LA_MODE_T	 archive_entry_filetype(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_filetype_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL void		 archive_entry_fflags(struct archive_entry *,
+@@ -264,8 +295,8 @@
+ __LA_DECL const char	*archive_entry_hardlink_utf8(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL const wchar_t	*archive_entry_hardlink_w(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_hardlink_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL la_int64_t	 archive_entry_ino(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL la_int64_t	 archive_entry_ino64(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_INO_T	 archive_entry_ino(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_INO_T	 archive_entry_ino64(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_ino_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL __LA_MODE_T	 archive_entry_mode(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL time_t	 archive_entry_mtime(struct archive_entry *);
+@@ -278,9 +309,9 @@
+ __LA_DECL __LA_MODE_T	 archive_entry_perm(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_perm_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL int		 archive_entry_rdev_is_set(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL dev_t		 archive_entry_rdev(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL dev_t		 archive_entry_rdevmajor(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL dev_t		 archive_entry_rdevminor(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_DEV_T		 archive_entry_rdev(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_DEV_T		 archive_entry_rdevmajor(struct archive_entry *);
++__LA_DECL __LA_DEV_T		 archive_entry_rdevminor(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL const char	*archive_entry_sourcepath(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL const wchar_t	*archive_entry_sourcepath_w(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL la_int64_t	 archive_entry_size(struct archive_entry *);
+@@ -309,18 +340,18 @@
+  * always copied.
+  */
+ 
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_atime(struct archive_entry *, time_t, long);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_atime(struct archive_entry *, __LA_TIME_T, long);
+ __LA_DECL void  archive_entry_unset_atime(struct archive_entry *);
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ __LA_DECL void archive_entry_copy_bhfi(struct archive_entry *, BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION *);
+ #endif
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_birthtime(struct archive_entry *, time_t, long);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_birthtime(struct archive_entry *, __LA_TIME_T, long);
+ __LA_DECL void  archive_entry_unset_birthtime(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_ctime(struct archive_entry *, time_t, long);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_ctime(struct archive_entry *, __LA_TIME_T, long);
+ __LA_DECL void  archive_entry_unset_ctime(struct archive_entry *);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_dev(struct archive_entry *, dev_t);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_devmajor(struct archive_entry *, dev_t);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_devminor(struct archive_entry *, dev_t);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_dev(struct archive_entry *, __LA_DEV_T);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_devmajor(struct archive_entry *, __LA_DEV_T);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_devminor(struct archive_entry *, __LA_DEV_T);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_filetype(struct archive_entry *, unsigned int);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_fflags(struct archive_entry *,
+ 	    unsigned long /* set */, unsigned long /* clear */);
+@@ -343,15 +374,15 @@
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_copy_hardlink(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_copy_hardlink_w(struct archive_entry *, const wchar_t *);
+ __LA_DECL int	archive_entry_update_hardlink_utf8(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_ino(struct archive_entry *, la_int64_t);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_ino64(struct archive_entry *, la_int64_t);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_ino(struct archive_entry *, __LA_INO_T);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_ino64(struct archive_entry *, __LA_INO_T);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_link(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_link_utf8(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_copy_link(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_copy_link_w(struct archive_entry *, const wchar_t *);
+ __LA_DECL int	archive_entry_update_link_utf8(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_mode(struct archive_entry *, __LA_MODE_T);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_mtime(struct archive_entry *, time_t, long);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_mtime(struct archive_entry *, __LA_TIME_T, long);
+ __LA_DECL void  archive_entry_unset_mtime(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_nlink(struct archive_entry *, unsigned int);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_pathname(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+@@ -360,9 +391,9 @@
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_copy_pathname_w(struct archive_entry *, const wchar_t *);
+ __LA_DECL int	archive_entry_update_pathname_utf8(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_perm(struct archive_entry *, __LA_MODE_T);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_rdev(struct archive_entry *, dev_t);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_rdevmajor(struct archive_entry *, dev_t);
+-__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_rdevminor(struct archive_entry *, dev_t);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_rdev(struct archive_entry *, __LA_DEV_T);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_rdevmajor(struct archive_entry *, __LA_DEV_T);
++__LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_rdevminor(struct archive_entry *, __LA_DEV_T);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_set_size(struct archive_entry *, la_int64_t);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_unset_size(struct archive_entry *);
+ __LA_DECL void	archive_entry_copy_sourcepath(struct archive_entry *, const char *);
+@@ -418,6 +449,7 @@
+ #define ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512           0x00000006
+ 
+ __LA_DECL const unsigned char * archive_entry_digest(struct archive_entry *, int /* type */);
++__LA_DECL int archive_entry_set_digest(struct archive_entry *, int, const unsigned char *);
+ 
+ /*
+  * ACL routines.  This used to simply store and return text-format ACL
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry_link_resolver.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry_link_resolver.c
+@@ -280,6 +280,10 @@
+ 	dev_t			 dev;
+ 	int64_t			 ino;
+ 
++	if (!archive_entry_ino_is_set(entry) || !archive_entry_dev_is_set(entry)) {
++		return (NULL);
++	}
++
+ 	/* Free a held entry. */
+ 	if (res->spare != NULL) {
+ 		archive_entry_free(res->spare->canonical);
+@@ -369,6 +373,10 @@
+ 	struct links_entry *le;
+ 	size_t hash, bucket;
+ 
++	if (!archive_entry_ino_is_set(entry) || !archive_entry_dev_is_set(entry)) {
++		return (NULL);
++	}
++
+ 	/* Add this entry to the links cache. */
+ 	le = calloc(1, sizeof(struct links_entry));
+ 	if (le == NULL)
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry_locale.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry_locale.h
+@@ -87,4 +87,4 @@
+ int _archive_entry_copy_uname_l(struct archive_entry *,
+     const char *, size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+ 
+-#endif /* ARCHIVE_ENTRY_LOCALE_H_INCLUDED */
++#endif /* !ARCHIVE_ENTRY_LOCALE_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_entry_private.h
+@@ -174,6 +174,13 @@
+ 	size_t mac_metadata_size;
+ 
+ 	/* Digest support. */
++#define AE_MSET_DIGEST_MD5	 1
++#define AE_MSET_DIGEST_RMD160	 2
++#define AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA1	 4
++#define AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA256	 8
++#define AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA384	16
++#define AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA512	32
++	uint_least32_t mset_digest;
+ 	struct ae_digest digest;
+ 
+ 	/* ACL support. */
+@@ -195,8 +202,4 @@
+ 	int ae_symlink_type;
+ };
+ 
+-int
+-archive_entry_set_digest(struct archive_entry *entry, int type,
+-    const unsigned char *digest);
+-
+-#endif /* ARCHIVE_ENTRY_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
++#endif /* !ARCHIVE_ENTRY_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_getdate.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_getdate.c
+@@ -1,1100 +0,0 @@
+-/*
+- * This code is in the public domain and has no copyright.
+- *
+- * This is a plain C recursive-descent translation of an old
+- * public-domain YACC grammar that has been used for parsing dates in
+- * very many open-source projects.
+- *
+- * Since the original authors were generous enough to donate their
+- * work to the public domain, I feel compelled to match their
+- * generosity.
+- *
+- * Tim Kientzle, February 2009.
+- */
+-
+-/*
+- * Header comment from original getdate.y:
+- */
+-
+-/*
+-**  Originally written by Steven M. Bellovin <smb@research.att.com> while
+-**  at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Later tweaked by
+-**  a couple of people on Usenet.  Completely overhauled by Rich $alz
+-**  <rsalz@bbn.com> and Jim Berets <jberets@bbn.com> in August, 1990;
+-**
+-**  This grammar has 10 shift/reduce conflicts.
+-**
+-**  This code is in the public domain and has no copyright.
+-*/
+-
+-#include "archive_platform.h"
+-
+-#include <ctype.h>
+-#include <stdio.h>
+-#include <stdlib.h>
+-#include <string.h>
+-#include <time.h>
+-
+-#define __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD 1
+-#include "archive_getdate.h"
+-
+-/* Basic time units. */
+-#define	EPOCH		1970
+-#define	MINUTE		(60L)
+-#define	HOUR		(60L * MINUTE)
+-#define	DAY		(24L * HOUR)
+-
+-/* Daylight-savings mode:  on, off, or not yet known. */
+-enum DSTMODE { DSTon, DSToff, DSTmaybe };
+-/* Meridian:  am or pm. */
+-enum { tAM, tPM };
+-/* Token types returned by nexttoken() */
+-enum { tAGO = 260, tDAY, tDAYZONE, tAMPM, tMONTH, tMONTH_UNIT, tSEC_UNIT,
+-       tUNUMBER, tZONE, tDST };
+-struct token { int token; time_t value; };
+-
+-/*
+- * Parser state.
+- */
+-struct gdstate {
+-	struct token *tokenp; /* Pointer to next token. */
+-	/* HaveXxxx counts how many of this kind of phrase we've seen;
+-	 * it's a fatal error to have more than one time, zone, day,
+-	 * or date phrase. */
+-	int	HaveYear;
+-	int	HaveMonth;
+-	int	HaveDay;
+-	int	HaveWeekDay; /* Day of week */
+-	int	HaveTime; /* Hour/minute/second */
+-	int	HaveZone; /* timezone and/or DST info */
+-	int	HaveRel; /* time offset; we can have more than one */
+-	/* Absolute time values. */
+-	time_t	Timezone;  /* Seconds offset from GMT */
+-	time_t	Day;
+-	time_t	Hour;
+-	time_t	Minutes;
+-	time_t	Month;
+-	time_t	Seconds;
+-	time_t	Year;
+-	/* DST selection */
+-	enum DSTMODE	DSTmode;
+-	/* Day of week accounting, e.g., "3rd Tuesday" */
+-	time_t	DayOrdinal; /* "3" in "3rd Tuesday" */
+-	time_t	DayNumber; /* "Tuesday" in "3rd Tuesday" */
+-	/* Relative time values: hour/day/week offsets are measured in
+-	 * seconds, month/year are counted in months. */
+-	time_t	RelMonth;
+-	time_t	RelSeconds;
+-};
+-
+-/*
+- * A series of functions that recognize certain common time phrases.
+- * Each function returns 1 if it managed to make sense of some of the
+- * tokens, zero otherwise.
+- */
+-
+-/*
+- *  hour:minute or hour:minute:second with optional AM, PM, or numeric
+- *  timezone offset
+- */
+-static int
+-timephrase(struct gdstate *gds)
+-{
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == ':'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == ':'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[4].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* "12:14:18" or "22:08:07" */
+-		++gds->HaveTime;
+-		gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Minutes = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->Seconds = gds->tokenp[4].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 5;
+-	}
+-	else if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == ':'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* "12:14" or "22:08" */
+-		++gds->HaveTime;
+-		gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Minutes = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->Seconds = 0;
+-		gds->tokenp += 3;
+-	}
+-	else if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tAMPM) {
+-		/* "7" is a time if it's followed by "am" or "pm" */
+-		++gds->HaveTime;
+-		gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Minutes = gds->Seconds = 0;
+-		/* We'll handle the AM/PM below. */
+-		gds->tokenp += 1;
+-	} else {
+-		/* We can't handle this. */
+-		return 0;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tAMPM) {
+-		/* "7:12pm", "12:20:13am" */
+-		if (gds->Hour == 12)
+-			gds->Hour = 0;
+-		if (gds->tokenp[0].value == tPM)
+-			gds->Hour += 12;
+-		gds->tokenp += 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '+'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* "7:14+0700" */
+-		gds->HaveZone++;
+-		gds->DSTmode = DSToff;
+-		gds->Timezone = - ((gds->tokenp[1].value / 100) * HOUR
+-		    + (gds->tokenp[1].value % 100) * MINUTE);
+-		gds->tokenp += 2;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '-'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* "19:14:12-0530" */
+-		gds->HaveZone++;
+-		gds->DSTmode = DSToff;
+-		gds->Timezone = + ((gds->tokenp[1].value / 100) * HOUR
+-		    + (gds->tokenp[1].value % 100) * MINUTE);
+-		gds->tokenp += 2;
+-	}
+-	return 1;
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- * Timezone name, possibly including DST.
+- */
+-static int
+-zonephrase(struct gdstate *gds)
+-{
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tZONE
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tDST) {
+-		gds->HaveZone++;
+-		gds->Timezone = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->DSTmode = DSTon;
+-		gds->tokenp += 1;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tZONE) {
+-		gds->HaveZone++;
+-		gds->Timezone = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->DSTmode = DSToff;
+-		gds->tokenp += 1;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tDAYZONE) {
+-		gds->HaveZone++;
+-		gds->Timezone = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->DSTmode = DSTon;
+-		gds->tokenp += 1;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- * Year/month/day in various combinations.
+- */
+-static int
+-datephrase(struct gdstate *gds)
+-{
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == '/'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == '/'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[4].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		gds->HaveYear++;
+-		gds->HaveMonth++;
+-		gds->HaveDay++;
+-		if (gds->tokenp[0].value >= 13) {
+-			/* First number is big:  2004/01/29, 99/02/17 */
+-			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[4].value;
+-		} else if ((gds->tokenp[4].value >= 13)
+-		    || (gds->tokenp[2].value >= 13)) {
+-			/* Last number is big:  01/07/98 */
+-			/* Middle number is big:  01/29/04 */
+-			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[4].value;
+-		} else {
+-			/* No significant clues: 02/03/04 */
+-			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[4].value;
+-		}
+-		gds->tokenp += 5;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == '/'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* "1/15" */
+-		gds->HaveMonth++;
+-		gds->HaveDay++;
+-		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 3;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == '-'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == '-'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[4].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* ISO 8601 format.  yyyy-mm-dd.  */
+-		gds->HaveYear++;
+-		gds->HaveMonth++;
+-		gds->HaveDay++;
+-		gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[4].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 5;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == '-'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tMONTH
+-	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == '-'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[4].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		gds->HaveYear++;
+-		gds->HaveMonth++;
+-		gds->HaveDay++;
+-		if (gds->tokenp[0].value > 31) {
+-			/* e.g. 1992-Jun-17 */
+-			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[4].value;
+-		} else {
+-			/* e.g. 17-JUN-1992.  */
+-			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[4].value;
+-		}
+-		gds->tokenp += 5;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tMONTH
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == ','
+-	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* "June 17, 2001" */
+-		gds->HaveYear++;
+-		gds->HaveMonth++;
+-		gds->HaveDay++;
+-		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[1].value;
+-		gds->Year = gds->tokenp[3].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 4;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tMONTH
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* "May 3" */
+-		gds->HaveMonth++;
+-		gds->HaveDay++;
+-		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[1].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 2;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tMONTH
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		/* "12 Sept 1997" */
+-		gds->HaveYear++;
+-		gds->HaveMonth++;
+-		gds->HaveDay++;
+-		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[1].value;
+-		gds->Year = gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 3;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tMONTH) {
+-		/* "12 Sept" */
+-		gds->HaveMonth++;
+-		gds->HaveDay++;
+-		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[1].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 2;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- * Relative time phrase: "tomorrow", "yesterday", "+1 hour", etc.
+- */
+-static int
+-relunitphrase(struct gdstate *gds)
+-{
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '-'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tSEC_UNIT) {
+-		/* "-3 hours" */
+-		gds->HaveRel++;
+-		gds->RelSeconds -= gds->tokenp[1].value * gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 3;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '+'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tSEC_UNIT) {
+-		/* "+1 minute" */
+-		gds->HaveRel++;
+-		gds->RelSeconds += gds->tokenp[1].value * gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 3;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tSEC_UNIT) {
+-		/* "1 day" */
+-		gds->HaveRel++;
+-		gds->RelSeconds += gds->tokenp[0].value * gds->tokenp[1].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 2;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '-'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tMONTH_UNIT) {
+-		/* "-3 months" */
+-		gds->HaveRel++;
+-		gds->RelMonth -= gds->tokenp[1].value * gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 3;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '+'
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tMONTH_UNIT) {
+-		/* "+5 years" */
+-		gds->HaveRel++;
+-		gds->RelMonth += gds->tokenp[1].value * gds->tokenp[2].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 3;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tMONTH_UNIT) {
+-		/* "2 years" */
+-		gds->HaveRel++;
+-		gds->RelMonth += gds->tokenp[0].value * gds->tokenp[1].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 2;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tSEC_UNIT) {
+-		/* "now", "tomorrow" */
+-		gds->HaveRel++;
+-		gds->RelSeconds += gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 1;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tMONTH_UNIT) {
+-		/* "month" */
+-		gds->HaveRel++;
+-		gds->RelMonth += gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 1;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- * Day of the week specification.
+- */
+-static int
+-dayphrase(struct gdstate *gds)
+-{
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tDAY) {
+-		/* "tues", "wednesday," */
+-		gds->HaveWeekDay++;
+-		gds->DayOrdinal = 1;
+-		gds->DayNumber = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 1;
+-		if (gds->tokenp[0].token == ',')
+-			gds->tokenp += 1;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
+-		&& gds->tokenp[1].token == tDAY) {
+-		/* "second tues" "3 wed" */
+-		gds->HaveWeekDay++;
+-		gds->DayOrdinal = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-		gds->DayNumber = gds->tokenp[1].value;
+-		gds->tokenp += 2;
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- * Try to match a phrase using one of the above functions.
+- * This layer also deals with a couple of generic issues.
+- */
+-static int
+-phrase(struct gdstate *gds)
+-{
+-	if (timephrase(gds))
+-		return 1;
+-	if (zonephrase(gds))
+-		return 1;
+-	if (datephrase(gds))
+-		return 1;
+-	if (dayphrase(gds))
+-		return 1;
+-	if (relunitphrase(gds)) {
+-		if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tAGO) {
+-			gds->RelSeconds = -gds->RelSeconds;
+-			gds->RelMonth = -gds->RelMonth;
+-			gds->tokenp += 1;
+-		}
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	/* Bare numbers sometimes have meaning. */
+-	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER) {
+-		if (gds->HaveTime && !gds->HaveYear && !gds->HaveRel) {
+-			gds->HaveYear++;
+-			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-			gds->tokenp += 1;
+-			return 1;
+-		}
+-
+-		if(gds->tokenp[0].value > 10000) {
+-			/* "20040301" */
+-			gds->HaveYear++;
+-			gds->HaveMonth++;
+-			gds->HaveDay++;
+-			gds->Day= (gds->tokenp[0].value)%100;
+-			gds->Month= (gds->tokenp[0].value/100)%100;
+-			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value/10000;
+-			gds->tokenp += 1;
+-			return 1;
+-		}
+-
+-		if (gds->tokenp[0].value < 24) {
+-			gds->HaveTime++;
+-			gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value;
+-			gds->Minutes = 0;
+-			gds->Seconds = 0;
+-			gds->tokenp += 1;
+-			return 1;
+-		}
+-
+-		if ((gds->tokenp[0].value / 100 < 24)
+-		    && (gds->tokenp[0].value % 100 < 60)) {
+-			/* "513" is same as "5:13" */
+-			gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value / 100;
+-			gds->Minutes = gds->tokenp[0].value % 100;
+-			gds->Seconds = 0;
+-			gds->tokenp += 1;
+-			return 1;
+-		}
+-	}
+-
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- * A dictionary of time words.
+- */
+-static struct LEXICON {
+-	size_t		abbrev;
+-	const char	*name;
+-	int		type;
+-	time_t		value;
+-} const TimeWords[] = {
+-	/* am/pm */
+-	{ 0, "am",		tAMPM,	tAM },
+-	{ 0, "pm",		tAMPM,	tPM },
+-
+-	/* Month names. */
+-	{ 3, "january",		tMONTH,  1 },
+-	{ 3, "february",	tMONTH,  2 },
+-	{ 3, "march",		tMONTH,  3 },
+-	{ 3, "april",		tMONTH,  4 },
+-	{ 3, "may",		tMONTH,  5 },
+-	{ 3, "june",		tMONTH,  6 },
+-	{ 3, "july",		tMONTH,  7 },
+-	{ 3, "august",		tMONTH,  8 },
+-	{ 3, "september",	tMONTH,  9 },
+-	{ 3, "october",		tMONTH, 10 },
+-	{ 3, "november",	tMONTH, 11 },
+-	{ 3, "december",	tMONTH, 12 },
+-
+-	/* Days of the week. */
+-	{ 2, "sunday",		tDAY, 0 },
+-	{ 3, "monday",		tDAY, 1 },
+-	{ 2, "tuesday",		tDAY, 2 },
+-	{ 3, "wednesday",	tDAY, 3 },
+-	{ 2, "thursday",	tDAY, 4 },
+-	{ 2, "friday",		tDAY, 5 },
+-	{ 2, "saturday",	tDAY, 6 },
+-
+-	/* Timezones: Offsets are in seconds. */
+-	{ 0, "gmt",  tZONE,     0*HOUR }, /* Greenwich Mean */
+-	{ 0, "ut",   tZONE,     0*HOUR }, /* Universal (Coordinated) */
+-	{ 0, "utc",  tZONE,     0*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "wet",  tZONE,     0*HOUR }, /* Western European */
+-	{ 0, "bst",  tDAYZONE,  0*HOUR }, /* British Summer */
+-	{ 0, "wat",  tZONE,     1*HOUR }, /* West Africa */
+-	{ 0, "at",   tZONE,     2*HOUR }, /* Azores */
+-	/* { 0, "bst", tZONE, 3*HOUR }, */ /* Brazil Standard: Conflict */
+-	/* { 0, "gst", tZONE, 3*HOUR }, */ /* Greenland Standard: Conflict*/
+-	{ 0, "nft",  tZONE,     3*HOUR+30*MINUTE }, /* Newfoundland */
+-	{ 0, "nst",  tZONE,     3*HOUR+30*MINUTE }, /* Newfoundland Standard */
+-	{ 0, "ndt",  tDAYZONE,  3*HOUR+30*MINUTE }, /* Newfoundland Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "ast",  tZONE,     4*HOUR }, /* Atlantic Standard */
+-	{ 0, "adt",  tDAYZONE,  4*HOUR }, /* Atlantic Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "est",  tZONE,     5*HOUR }, /* Eastern Standard */
+-	{ 0, "edt",  tDAYZONE,  5*HOUR }, /* Eastern Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "cst",  tZONE,     6*HOUR }, /* Central Standard */
+-	{ 0, "cdt",  tDAYZONE,  6*HOUR }, /* Central Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "mst",  tZONE,     7*HOUR }, /* Mountain Standard */
+-	{ 0, "mdt",  tDAYZONE,  7*HOUR }, /* Mountain Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "pst",  tZONE,     8*HOUR }, /* Pacific Standard */
+-	{ 0, "pdt",  tDAYZONE,  8*HOUR }, /* Pacific Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "yst",  tZONE,     9*HOUR }, /* Yukon Standard */
+-	{ 0, "ydt",  tDAYZONE,  9*HOUR }, /* Yukon Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "hst",  tZONE,     10*HOUR }, /* Hawaii Standard */
+-	{ 0, "hdt",  tDAYZONE,  10*HOUR }, /* Hawaii Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "cat",  tZONE,     10*HOUR }, /* Central Alaska */
+-	{ 0, "ahst", tZONE,     10*HOUR }, /* Alaska-Hawaii Standard */
+-	{ 0, "nt",   tZONE,     11*HOUR }, /* Nome */
+-	{ 0, "idlw", tZONE,     12*HOUR }, /* Intl Date Line West */
+-	{ 0, "cet",  tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* Central European */
+-	{ 0, "met",  tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* Middle European */
+-	{ 0, "mewt", tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* Middle European Winter */
+-	{ 0, "mest", tDAYZONE,  -1*HOUR }, /* Middle European Summer */
+-	{ 0, "swt",  tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* Swedish Winter */
+-	{ 0, "sst",  tDAYZONE,  -1*HOUR }, /* Swedish Summer */
+-	{ 0, "fwt",  tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* French Winter */
+-	{ 0, "fst",  tDAYZONE,  -1*HOUR }, /* French Summer */
+-	{ 0, "eet",  tZONE,     -2*HOUR }, /* Eastern Eur, USSR Zone 1 */
+-	{ 0, "bt",   tZONE,     -3*HOUR }, /* Baghdad, USSR Zone 2 */
+-	{ 0, "it",   tZONE,     -3*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Iran */
+-	{ 0, "zp4",  tZONE,     -4*HOUR }, /* USSR Zone 3 */
+-	{ 0, "zp5",  tZONE,     -5*HOUR }, /* USSR Zone 4 */
+-	{ 0, "ist",  tZONE,     -5*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Indian Standard */
+-	{ 0, "zp6",  tZONE,     -6*HOUR }, /* USSR Zone 5 */
+-	/* { 0, "nst",  tZONE, -6.5*HOUR }, */ /* North Sumatra: Conflict */
+-	/* { 0, "sst", tZONE, -7*HOUR }, */ /* So Sumatra, USSR 6: Conflict */
+-	{ 0, "wast", tZONE,     -7*HOUR }, /* West Australian Standard */
+-	{ 0, "wadt", tDAYZONE,  -7*HOUR }, /* West Australian Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "jt",   tZONE,     -7*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Java (3pm in Cronusland!)*/
+-	{ 0, "cct",  tZONE,     -8*HOUR }, /* China Coast, USSR Zone 7 */
+-	{ 0, "jst",  tZONE,     -9*HOUR }, /* Japan Std, USSR Zone 8 */
+-	{ 0, "cast", tZONE,     -9*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Ctrl Australian Std */
+-	{ 0, "cadt", tDAYZONE,  -9*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Ctrl Australian Daylt */
+-	{ 0, "east", tZONE,     -10*HOUR }, /* Eastern Australian Std */
+-	{ 0, "eadt", tDAYZONE,  -10*HOUR }, /* Eastern Australian Daylt */
+-	{ 0, "gst",  tZONE,     -10*HOUR }, /* Guam Std, USSR Zone 9 */
+-	{ 0, "nzt",  tZONE,     -12*HOUR }, /* New Zealand */
+-	{ 0, "nzst", tZONE,     -12*HOUR }, /* New Zealand Standard */
+-	{ 0, "nzdt", tDAYZONE,  -12*HOUR }, /* New Zealand Daylight */
+-	{ 0, "idle", tZONE,     -12*HOUR }, /* Intl Date Line East */
+-
+-	{ 0, "dst",  tDST,		0 },
+-
+-	/* Time units. */
+-	{ 4, "years",		tMONTH_UNIT,	12 },
+-	{ 5, "months",		tMONTH_UNIT,	1 },
+-	{ 9, "fortnights",	tSEC_UNIT,	14 * DAY },
+-	{ 4, "weeks",		tSEC_UNIT,	7 * DAY },
+-	{ 3, "days",		tSEC_UNIT,	DAY },
+-	{ 4, "hours",		tSEC_UNIT,	HOUR },
+-	{ 3, "minutes",		tSEC_UNIT,	MINUTE },
+-	{ 3, "seconds",		tSEC_UNIT,	1 },
+-
+-	/* Relative-time words. */
+-	{ 0, "tomorrow",	tSEC_UNIT,	DAY },
+-	{ 0, "yesterday",	tSEC_UNIT,	-DAY },
+-	{ 0, "today",		tSEC_UNIT,	0 },
+-	{ 0, "now",		tSEC_UNIT,	0 },
+-	{ 0, "last",		tUNUMBER,	-1 },
+-	{ 0, "this",		tSEC_UNIT,	0 },
+-	{ 0, "next",		tUNUMBER,	2 },
+-	{ 0, "first",		tUNUMBER,	1 },
+-	{ 0, "1st",		tUNUMBER,	1 },
+-/*	{ 0, "second",		tUNUMBER,	2 }, */
+-	{ 0, "2nd",		tUNUMBER,	2 },
+-	{ 0, "third",		tUNUMBER,	3 },
+-	{ 0, "3rd",		tUNUMBER,	3 },
+-	{ 0, "fourth",		tUNUMBER,	4 },
+-	{ 0, "4th",		tUNUMBER,	4 },
+-	{ 0, "fifth",		tUNUMBER,	5 },
+-	{ 0, "5th",		tUNUMBER,	5 },
+-	{ 0, "sixth",		tUNUMBER,	6 },
+-	{ 0, "seventh",		tUNUMBER,	7 },
+-	{ 0, "eighth",		tUNUMBER,	8 },
+-	{ 0, "ninth",		tUNUMBER,	9 },
+-	{ 0, "tenth",		tUNUMBER,	10 },
+-	{ 0, "eleventh",	tUNUMBER,	11 },
+-	{ 0, "twelfth",		tUNUMBER,	12 },
+-	{ 0, "ago",		tAGO,		1 },
+-
+-	/* Military timezones. */
+-	{ 0, "a",	tZONE,	1*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "b",	tZONE,	2*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "c",	tZONE,	3*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "d",	tZONE,	4*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "e",	tZONE,	5*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "f",	tZONE,	6*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "g",	tZONE,	7*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "h",	tZONE,	8*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "i",	tZONE,	9*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "k",	tZONE,	10*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "l",	tZONE,	11*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "m",	tZONE,	12*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "n",	tZONE,	-1*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "o",	tZONE,	-2*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "p",	tZONE,	-3*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "q",	tZONE,	-4*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "r",	tZONE,	-5*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "s",	tZONE,	-6*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "t",	tZONE,	-7*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "u",	tZONE,	-8*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "v",	tZONE,	-9*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "w",	tZONE,	-10*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "x",	tZONE,	-11*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "y",	tZONE,	-12*HOUR },
+-	{ 0, "z",	tZONE,	0*HOUR },
+-
+-	/* End of table. */
+-	{ 0, NULL,	0,	0 }
+-};
+-
+-/*
+- * Year is either:
+- *  = A number from 0 to 99, which means a year from 1970 to 2069, or
+- *  = The actual year (>=100).
+- */
+-static time_t
+-Convert(time_t Month, time_t Day, time_t Year,
+-	time_t Hours, time_t Minutes, time_t Seconds,
+-	time_t Timezone, enum DSTMODE DSTmode)
+-{
+-	signed char DaysInMonth[12] = {
+-		31, 0, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
+-	};
+-	time_t		Julian;
+-	int		i;
+-	struct tm	*ltime;
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	struct tm	tmbuf;
+-#endif
+-
+-	if (Year < 69)
+-		Year += 2000;
+-	else if (Year < 100)
+-		Year += 1900;
+-	DaysInMonth[1] = Year % 4 == 0 && (Year % 100 != 0 || Year % 400 == 0)
+-	    ? 29 : 28;
+-	/* Checking for 2038 bogusly assumes that time_t is 32 bits.  But
+-	   I'm too lazy to try to check for time_t overflow in another way.  */
+-	if (Year < EPOCH || Year >= 2038
+-	    || Month < 1 || Month > 12
+-	    /* Lint fluff:  "conversion from long may lose accuracy" */
+-	    || Day < 1 || Day > DaysInMonth[(int)--Month]
+-	    || Hours < 0 || Hours > 23
+-	    || Minutes < 0 || Minutes > 59
+-	    || Seconds < 0 || Seconds > 59)
+-		return -1;
+-
+-	Julian = Day - 1;
+-	for (i = 0; i < Month; i++)
+-		Julian += DaysInMonth[i];
+-	for (i = EPOCH; i < Year; i++)
+-		Julian += 365 + (i % 4 == 0);
+-	Julian *= DAY;
+-	Julian += Timezone;
+-	Julian += Hours * HOUR + Minutes * MINUTE + Seconds;
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	ltime = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &Julian) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
+-	ltime = localtime_r(&Julian, &tmbuf);
+-#else
+-	ltime = localtime(&Julian);
+-#endif
+-	if (DSTmode == DSTon
+-	    || (DSTmode == DSTmaybe && ltime->tm_isdst))
+-		Julian -= HOUR;
+-	return Julian;
+-}
+-
+-static time_t
+-DSTcorrect(time_t Start, time_t Future)
+-{
+-	time_t		StartDay;
+-	time_t		FutureDay;
+-	struct tm	*ltime;
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	struct tm	tmbuf;
+-#endif
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	ltime = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &Start) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
+-	ltime = localtime_r(&Start, &tmbuf);
+-#else
+-	ltime = localtime(&Start);
+-#endif
+-	StartDay = (ltime->tm_hour + 1) % 24;
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	ltime = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &Future) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
+-	ltime = localtime_r(&Future, &tmbuf);
+-#else
+-	ltime = localtime(&Future);
+-#endif
+-	FutureDay = (ltime->tm_hour + 1) % 24;
+-	return (Future - Start) + (StartDay - FutureDay) * HOUR;
+-}
+-
+-
+-static time_t
+-RelativeDate(time_t Start, time_t zone, int dstmode,
+-    time_t DayOrdinal, time_t DayNumber)
+-{
+-	struct tm	*tm;
+-	time_t	t, now;
+-#if defined(HAVE_GMTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_GMTIME_S)
+-	struct tm	tmbuf;
+-#endif
+-
+-	t = Start - zone;
+-#if defined(HAVE_GMTIME_S)
+-	tm = gmtime_s(&tmbuf, &t) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_GMTIME_R)
+-	tm = gmtime_r(&t, &tmbuf);
+-#else
+-	tm = gmtime(&t);
+-#endif
+-	now = Start;
+-	now += DAY * ((DayNumber - tm->tm_wday + 7) % 7);
+-	now += 7 * DAY * (DayOrdinal <= 0 ? DayOrdinal : DayOrdinal - 1);
+-	if (dstmode == DSTmaybe)
+-		return DSTcorrect(Start, now);
+-	return now - Start;
+-}
+-
+-
+-static time_t
+-RelativeMonth(time_t Start, time_t Timezone, time_t RelMonth)
+-{
+-	struct tm	*tm;
+-	time_t	Month;
+-	time_t	Year;
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	struct tm	tmbuf;
+-#endif
+-
+-	if (RelMonth == 0)
+-		return 0;
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	tm = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &Start) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
+-	tm = localtime_r(&Start, &tmbuf);
+-#else
+-	tm = localtime(&Start);
+-#endif
+-	Month = 12 * (tm->tm_year + 1900) + tm->tm_mon + RelMonth;
+-	Year = Month / 12;
+-	Month = Month % 12 + 1;
+-	return DSTcorrect(Start,
+-	    Convert(Month, (time_t)tm->tm_mday, Year,
+-		(time_t)tm->tm_hour, (time_t)tm->tm_min, (time_t)tm->tm_sec,
+-		Timezone, DSTmaybe));
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- * Tokenizer.
+- */
+-static int
+-nexttoken(const char **in, time_t *value)
+-{
+-	char	c;
+-	char	buff[64];
+-
+-	for ( ; ; ) {
+-		while (isspace((unsigned char)**in))
+-			++*in;
+-
+-		/* Skip parenthesized comments. */
+-		if (**in == '(') {
+-			int Count = 0;
+-			do {
+-				c = *(*in)++;
+-				if (c == '\0')
+-					return c;
+-				if (c == '(')
+-					Count++;
+-				else if (c == ')')
+-					Count--;
+-			} while (Count > 0);
+-			continue;
+-		}
+-
+-		/* Try the next token in the word table first. */
+-		/* This allows us to match "2nd", for example. */
+-		{
+-			const char *src = *in;
+-			const struct LEXICON *tp;
+-			unsigned i = 0;
+-
+-			/* Force to lowercase and strip '.' characters. */
+-			while (*src != '\0'
+-			    && (isalnum((unsigned char)*src) || *src == '.')
+-			    && i < sizeof(buff)-1) {
+-				if (*src != '.') {
+-					if (isupper((unsigned char)*src))
+-						buff[i++] = tolower((unsigned char)*src);
+-					else
+-						buff[i++] = *src;
+-				}
+-				src++;
+-			}
+-			buff[i] = '\0';
+-
+-			/*
+-			 * Find the first match.  If the word can be
+-			 * abbreviated, make sure we match at least
+-			 * the minimum abbreviation.
+-			 */
+-			for (tp = TimeWords; tp->name; tp++) {
+-				size_t abbrev = tp->abbrev;
+-				if (abbrev == 0)
+-					abbrev = strlen(tp->name);
+-				if (strlen(buff) >= abbrev
+-				    && strncmp(tp->name, buff, strlen(buff))
+-				    	== 0) {
+-					/* Skip over token. */
+-					*in = src;
+-					/* Return the match. */
+-					*value = tp->value;
+-					return tp->type;
+-				}
+-			}
+-		}
+-
+-		/*
+-		 * Not in the word table, maybe it's a number.  Note:
+-		 * Because '-' and '+' have other special meanings, I
+-		 * don't deal with signed numbers here.
+-		 */
+-		if (isdigit((unsigned char)(c = **in))) {
+-			for (*value = 0; isdigit((unsigned char)(c = *(*in)++)); )
+-				*value = 10 * *value + c - '0';
+-			(*in)--;
+-			return (tUNUMBER);
+-		}
+-
+-		return *(*in)++;
+-	}
+-}
+-
+-#define	TM_YEAR_ORIGIN 1900
+-
+-/* Yield A - B, measured in seconds.  */
+-static long
+-difftm (struct tm *a, struct tm *b)
+-{
+-	int ay = a->tm_year + (TM_YEAR_ORIGIN - 1);
+-	int by = b->tm_year + (TM_YEAR_ORIGIN - 1);
+-	int days = (
+-		/* difference in day of year */
+-		a->tm_yday - b->tm_yday
+-		/* + intervening leap days */
+-		+  ((ay >> 2) - (by >> 2))
+-		-  (ay/100 - by/100)
+-		+  ((ay/100 >> 2) - (by/100 >> 2))
+-		/* + difference in years * 365 */
+-		+  (long)(ay-by) * 365
+-		);
+-	return (days * DAY + (a->tm_hour - b->tm_hour) * HOUR
+-	    + (a->tm_min - b->tm_min) * MINUTE
+-	    + (a->tm_sec - b->tm_sec));
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- *
+- * The public function.
+- *
+- * TODO: tokens[] array should be dynamically sized.
+- */
+-time_t
+-__archive_get_date(time_t now, const char *p)
+-{
+-	struct token	tokens[256];
+-	struct gdstate	_gds;
+-	struct token	*lasttoken;
+-	struct gdstate	*gds;
+-	struct tm	local, *tm;
+-	struct tm	gmt, *gmt_ptr;
+-	time_t		Start;
+-	time_t		tod;
+-	long		tzone;
+-
+-	/* Clear out the parsed token array. */
+-	memset(tokens, 0, sizeof(tokens));
+-	/* Initialize the parser state. */
+-	memset(&_gds, 0, sizeof(_gds));
+-	gds = &_gds;
+-
+-	/* Look up the current time. */
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	tm = localtime_s(&local, &now) ? NULL : &local;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
+-	tm = localtime_r(&now, &local);
+-#else
+-	memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
+-	tm = localtime(&now);
+-#endif
+-	if (tm == NULL)
+-		return -1;
+-#if !defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) && !defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	local = *tm;
+-#endif
+-
+-	/* Look up UTC if we can and use that to determine the current
+-	 * timezone offset. */
+-#if defined(HAVE_GMTIME_S)
+-	gmt_ptr = gmtime_s(&gmt, &now) ? NULL : &gmt;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_GMTIME_R)
+-	gmt_ptr = gmtime_r(&now, &gmt);
+-#else
+-	memset(&gmt, 0, sizeof(gmt));
+-	gmt_ptr = gmtime(&now);
+-	if (gmt_ptr != NULL) {
+-		/* Copy, in case localtime and gmtime use the same buffer. */
+-		gmt = *gmt_ptr;
+-	}
+-#endif
+-	if (gmt_ptr != NULL)
+-		tzone = difftm (&gmt, &local);
+-	else
+-		/* This system doesn't understand timezones; fake it. */
+-		tzone = 0;
+-	if(local.tm_isdst)
+-		tzone += HOUR;
+-
+-	/* Tokenize the input string. */
+-	lasttoken = tokens;
+-	while ((lasttoken->token = nexttoken(&p, &lasttoken->value)) != 0) {
+-		++lasttoken;
+-		if (lasttoken > tokens + 255)
+-			return -1;
+-	}
+-	gds->tokenp = tokens;
+-
+-	/* Match phrases until we run out of input tokens. */
+-	while (gds->tokenp < lasttoken) {
+-		if (!phrase(gds))
+-			return -1;
+-	}
+-
+-	/* Use current local timezone if none was specified. */
+-	if (!gds->HaveZone) {
+-		gds->Timezone = tzone;
+-		gds->DSTmode = DSTmaybe;
+-	}
+-
+-	/* If a timezone was specified, use that for generating the default
+-	 * time components instead of the local timezone. */
+-	if (gds->HaveZone && gmt_ptr != NULL) {
+-		now -= gds->Timezone;
+-#if defined(HAVE_GMTIME_S)
+-		gmt_ptr = gmtime_s(&gmt, &now) ? NULL : &gmt;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_GMTIME_R)
+-		gmt_ptr = gmtime_r(&now, &gmt);
+-#else
+-		gmt_ptr = gmtime(&now);
+-#endif
+-		if (gmt_ptr != NULL)
+-			local = *gmt_ptr;
+-		now += gds->Timezone;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (!gds->HaveYear)
+-		gds->Year = local.tm_year + 1900;
+-	if (!gds->HaveMonth)
+-		gds->Month = local.tm_mon + 1;
+-	if (!gds->HaveDay)
+-		gds->Day = local.tm_mday;
+-	/* Note: No default for hour/min/sec; a specifier that just
+-	 * gives date always refers to 00:00 on that date. */
+-
+-	/* If we saw more than one time, timezone, weekday, year, month,
+-	 * or day, then give up. */
+-	if (gds->HaveTime > 1 || gds->HaveZone > 1 || gds->HaveWeekDay > 1
+-	    || gds->HaveYear > 1 || gds->HaveMonth > 1 || gds->HaveDay > 1)
+-		return -1;
+-
+-	/* Compute an absolute time based on whatever absolute information
+-	 * we collected. */
+-	if (gds->HaveYear || gds->HaveMonth || gds->HaveDay
+-	    || gds->HaveTime || gds->HaveWeekDay) {
+-		Start = Convert(gds->Month, gds->Day, gds->Year,
+-		    gds->Hour, gds->Minutes, gds->Seconds,
+-		    gds->Timezone, gds->DSTmode);
+-		if (Start < 0)
+-			return -1;
+-	} else {
+-		Start = now;
+-		if (!gds->HaveRel)
+-			Start -= local.tm_hour * HOUR + local.tm_min * MINUTE
+-			    + local.tm_sec;
+-	}
+-
+-	/* Add the relative offset. */
+-	Start += gds->RelSeconds;
+-	Start += RelativeMonth(Start, gds->Timezone, gds->RelMonth);
+-
+-	/* Adjust for day-of-week offsets. */
+-	if (gds->HaveWeekDay
+-	    && !(gds->HaveYear || gds->HaveMonth || gds->HaveDay)) {
+-		tod = RelativeDate(Start, gds->Timezone,
+-		    gds->DSTmode, gds->DayOrdinal, gds->DayNumber);
+-		Start += tod;
+-	}
+-
+-	/* -1 is an error indicator, so return 0 instead of -1 if
+-	 * that's the actual time. */
+-	return Start == -1 ? 0 : Start;
+-}
+-
+-
+-#if	defined(TEST)
+-
+-/* ARGSUSED */
+-int
+-main(int argc, char **argv)
+-{
+-    time_t	d;
+-    time_t	now = time(NULL);
+-
+-    while (*++argv != NULL) {
+-	    (void)printf("Input: %s\n", *argv);
+-	    d = get_date(now, *argv);
+-	    if (d == -1)
+-		    (void)printf("Bad format - couldn't convert.\n");
+-	    else
+-		    (void)printf("Output: %s\n", ctime(&d));
+-    }
+-    exit(0);
+-    /* NOTREACHED */
+-}
+-#endif	/* defined(TEST) */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_getdate.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_getdate.h
+@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
+-/*-
+- * Copyright (c) 2003-2015 Tim Kientzle
+- * All rights reserved.
+- *
+- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+- * are met:
+- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+- *
+- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+- * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+- * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+- * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+- * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+- */
+-
+-#ifndef ARCHIVE_GETDATE_H_INCLUDED
+-#define ARCHIVE_GETDATE_H_INCLUDED
+-
+-#ifndef __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD
+-#error This header is only to be used internally to libarchive.
+-#endif
+-
+-#include <time.h>
+-
+-time_t __archive_get_date(time_t now, const char *);
+-
+-#endif
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_hmac_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_hmac_private.h
+@@ -116,4 +116,4 @@
+ };
+ 
+ extern const struct archive_hmac __archive_hmac;
+-#endif /* ARCHIVE_HMAC_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
++#endif /* !ARCHIVE_HMAC_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_match.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_match.c
+@@ -35,14 +35,17 @@
+ #ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
+ #include <string.h>
+ #endif
++#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
++#include <limits.h>
++#endif
+ 
+ #include "archive.h"
+ #include "archive_private.h"
+ #include "archive_entry.h"
+-#include "archive_getdate.h"
+ #include "archive_pathmatch.h"
+ #include "archive_rb.h"
+ #include "archive_string.h"
++#include "archive_time_private.h"
+ 
+ struct match {
+ 	struct match		*next;
+@@ -53,8 +56,7 @@
+ struct match_list {
+ 	struct match		*first;
+ 	struct match		**last;
+-	int			 count;
+-	int			 unmatched_count;
++	size_t			 unmatched_count;
+ 	struct match		*unmatched_next;
+ 	int			 unmatched_eof;
+ };
+@@ -73,7 +75,6 @@
+ struct entry_list {
+ 	struct match_file	*first;
+ 	struct match_file	**last;
+-	int			 count;
+ };
+ 
+ struct id_array {
+@@ -144,12 +145,15 @@
+ 		    const char *);
+ static int	add_pattern_wcs(struct archive_match *, struct match_list *,
+ 		    const wchar_t *);
++#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ static int	cmp_key_mbs(const struct archive_rb_node *, const void *);
+-static int	cmp_key_wcs(const struct archive_rb_node *, const void *);
+ static int	cmp_node_mbs(const struct archive_rb_node *,
+ 		    const struct archive_rb_node *);
++#else
++static int	cmp_key_wcs(const struct archive_rb_node *, const void *);
+ static int	cmp_node_wcs(const struct archive_rb_node *,
+ 		    const struct archive_rb_node *);
++#endif
+ static void	entry_list_add(struct entry_list *, struct match_file *);
+ static void	entry_list_free(struct entry_list *);
+ static void	entry_list_init(struct entry_list *);
+@@ -187,14 +191,14 @@
+ 		    struct archive_entry *);
+ static int	validate_time_flag(struct archive *, int, const char *);
+ 
+-#define get_date __archive_get_date
++#define get_date archive_parse_date
+ 
+-static const struct archive_rb_tree_ops rb_ops_mbs = {
++static const struct archive_rb_tree_ops rb_ops = {
++#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	cmp_node_mbs, cmp_key_mbs
+-};
+-
+-static const struct archive_rb_tree_ops rb_ops_wcs = {
++#else
+ 	cmp_node_wcs, cmp_key_wcs
++#endif
+ };
+ 
+ /*
+@@ -228,7 +232,7 @@
+ 	a->recursive_include = 1;
+ 	match_list_init(&(a->inclusions));
+ 	match_list_init(&(a->exclusions));
+-	__archive_rb_tree_init(&(a->exclusion_tree), &rb_ops_mbs);
++	__archive_rb_tree_init(&(a->exclusion_tree), &rb_ops);
+ 	entry_list_init(&(a->exclusion_entry_list));
+ 	match_list_init(&(a->inclusion_unames));
+ 	match_list_init(&(a->inclusion_gnames));
+@@ -507,7 +511,9 @@
+ 	    ARCHIVE_STATE_NEW, "archive_match_unmatched_inclusions");
+ 	a = (struct archive_match *)_a;
+ 
+-	return (a->inclusions.unmatched_count);
++	if (a->inclusions.unmatched_count > (size_t)INT_MAX)
++		return INT_MAX;
++	return (int)(a->inclusions.unmatched_count);
+ }
+ 
+ int
+@@ -650,7 +656,7 @@
+ 						break;
+ 					}
+ 				} else {
+-			            	if (*b == 0x0d || *b == 0x0a) {
++					if (*b == 0x0d || *b == 0x0a) {
+ 						found_separator = 1;
+ 						break;
+ 					}
+@@ -735,7 +741,7 @@
+ 		}
+ 	}
+ 
+-	/* Exclusions take priority */
++	/* Exclusions take priority. */
+ 	for (match = a->exclusions.first; match != NULL;
+ 	    match = match->next){
+ 		r = match_path_exclusion(a, match, mbs, pathname);
+@@ -834,7 +840,6 @@
+ {
+ 	list->first = NULL;
+ 	list->last = &(list->first);
+-	list->count = 0;
+ }
+ 
+ static void
+@@ -855,7 +860,6 @@
+ {
+ 	*list->last = m;
+ 	list->last = &(m->next);
+-	list->count++;
+ 	list->unmatched_count++;
+ }
+ 
+@@ -1145,36 +1149,15 @@
+ }
+ 
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+-#define EPOC_TIME ARCHIVE_LITERAL_ULL(116444736000000000)
+ static int
+ set_timefilter_find_data(struct archive_match *a, int timetype,
+-    DWORD ftLastWriteTime_dwHighDateTime, DWORD ftLastWriteTime_dwLowDateTime,
+-    DWORD ftCreationTime_dwHighDateTime, DWORD ftCreationTime_dwLowDateTime)
++    const FILETIME* ftLastWriteTime, const FILETIME* ftCreationTime)
+ {
+-	ULARGE_INTEGER utc;
+ 	time_t ctime_sec, mtime_sec;
+-	long ctime_ns, mtime_ns;
++	uint32_t ctime_ns, mtime_ns;
+ 
+-	utc.HighPart = ftCreationTime_dwHighDateTime;
+-	utc.LowPart = ftCreationTime_dwLowDateTime;
+-	if (utc.QuadPart >= EPOC_TIME) {
+-		utc.QuadPart -= EPOC_TIME;
+-		ctime_sec = (time_t)(utc.QuadPart / 10000000);
+-		ctime_ns = (long)(utc.QuadPart % 10000000) * 100;
+-	} else {
+-		ctime_sec = 0;
+-		ctime_ns = 0;
+-	}
+-	utc.HighPart = ftLastWriteTime_dwHighDateTime;
+-	utc.LowPart = ftLastWriteTime_dwLowDateTime;
+-	if (utc.QuadPart >= EPOC_TIME) {
+-		utc.QuadPart -= EPOC_TIME;
+-		mtime_sec = (time_t)(utc.QuadPart / 10000000);
+-		mtime_ns = (long)(utc.QuadPart % 10000000) * 100;
+-	} else {
+-		mtime_sec = 0;
+-		mtime_ns = 0;
+-	}
++	ntfs_to_unix(FILETIME_to_ntfs(ftLastWriteTime), &mtime_sec, &mtime_ns);
++	ntfs_to_unix(FILETIME_to_ntfs(ftCreationTime), &ctime_sec, &ctime_ns);
+ 	return set_timefilter(a, timetype,
+ 			mtime_sec, mtime_ns, ctime_sec, ctime_ns);
+ }
+@@ -1199,9 +1182,7 @@
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
+ 	}
+ 	FindClose(h);
+-	return set_timefilter_find_data(a, timetype,
+-	    d.ftLastWriteTime.dwHighDateTime, d.ftLastWriteTime.dwLowDateTime,
+-	    d.ftCreationTime.dwHighDateTime, d.ftCreationTime.dwLowDateTime);
++	return set_timefilter_find_data(a, timetype, &d.ftLastWriteTime, &d.ftCreationTime);
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+@@ -1223,9 +1204,7 @@
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
+ 	}
+ 	FindClose(h);
+-	return set_timefilter_find_data(a, timetype,
+-	    d.ftLastWriteTime.dwHighDateTime, d.ftLastWriteTime.dwLowDateTime,
+-	    d.ftCreationTime.dwHighDateTime, d.ftCreationTime.dwLowDateTime);
++	return set_timefilter_find_data(a, timetype, &d.ftLastWriteTime, &d.ftCreationTime);
+ }
+ 
+ #else /* _WIN32 && !__CYGWIN__ */
+@@ -1300,6 +1279,7 @@
+ /*
+  * Call back functions for archive_rb.
+  */
++#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ static int
+ cmp_node_mbs(const struct archive_rb_node *n1,
+     const struct archive_rb_node *n2)
+@@ -1316,7 +1296,7 @@
+ 		return (-1);
+ 	return (strcmp(p1, p2));
+ }
+-        
++
+ static int
+ cmp_key_mbs(const struct archive_rb_node *n, const void *key)
+ {
+@@ -1328,7 +1308,7 @@
+ 		return (-1);
+ 	return (strcmp(p, (const char *)key));
+ }
+-
++#else
+ static int
+ cmp_node_wcs(const struct archive_rb_node *n1,
+     const struct archive_rb_node *n2)
+@@ -1345,7 +1325,7 @@
+ 		return (-1);
+ 	return (wcscmp(p1, p2));
+ }
+-        
++
+ static int
+ cmp_key_wcs(const struct archive_rb_node *n, const void *key)
+ {
+@@ -1357,13 +1337,13 @@
+ 		return (-1);
+ 	return (wcscmp(p, (const wchar_t *)key));
+ }
++#endif
+ 
+ static void
+ entry_list_init(struct entry_list *list)
+ {
+ 	list->first = NULL;
+ 	list->last = &(list->first);
+-	list->count = 0;
+ }
+ 
+ static void
+@@ -1384,7 +1364,6 @@
+ {
+ 	*list->last = file;
+ 	list->last = &(file->next);
+-	list->count++;
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+@@ -1407,9 +1386,7 @@
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
+ 	}
+ 	archive_mstring_copy_wcs(&(f->pathname), pathname);
+-	a->exclusion_tree.rbt_ops = &rb_ops_wcs;
+ #else
+-	(void)rb_ops_wcs;
+ 	pathname = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
+ 	if (pathname == NULL) {
+ 		free(f);
+@@ -1417,7 +1394,6 @@
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
+ 	}
+ 	archive_mstring_copy_mbs(&(f->pathname), pathname);
+-	a->exclusion_tree.rbt_ops = &rb_ops_mbs;
+ #endif
+ 	f->flag = flag;
+ 	f->mtime_sec = archive_entry_mtime(entry);
+@@ -1542,16 +1518,13 @@
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* If there is no exclusion list, include the file. */
+-	if (a->exclusion_entry_list.count == 0)
++	if (a->exclusion_entry_list.first == NULL)
+ 		return (0);
+ 
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	pathname = archive_entry_pathname_w(entry);
+-	a->exclusion_tree.rbt_ops = &rb_ops_wcs;
+ #else
+-	(void)rb_ops_wcs;
+ 	pathname = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
+-	a->exclusion_tree.rbt_ops = &rb_ops_mbs;
+ #endif
+ 	if (pathname == NULL)
+ 		return (0);
+@@ -1707,7 +1680,7 @@
+ static int
+ add_owner_id(struct archive_match *a, struct id_array *ids, int64_t id)
+ {
+-	unsigned i;
++	size_t i;
+ 
+ 	if (ids->count + 1 >= ids->size) {
+ 		void *p;
+@@ -1744,10 +1717,10 @@
+ static int
+ match_owner_id(struct id_array *ids, int64_t id)
+ {
+-	unsigned b, m, t;
++	size_t b, m, t;
+ 
+ 	t = 0;
+-	b = (unsigned)ids->count;
++	b = ids->count;
+ 	while (t < b) {
+ 		m = (t + b)>>1;
+ 		if (ids->ids[m] == id)
+@@ -1842,7 +1815,7 @@
+ 			return (1);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	if (a->inclusion_unames.count) {
++	if (a->inclusion_unames.first != NULL) {
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 		r = match_owner_name_wcs(a, &(a->inclusion_unames),
+ 			archive_entry_uname_w(entry));
+@@ -1856,7 +1829,7 @@
+ 			return (r);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	if (a->inclusion_gnames.count) {
++	if (a->inclusion_gnames.first != NULL) {
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 		r = match_owner_name_wcs(a, &(a->inclusion_gnames),
+ 			archive_entry_gname_w(entry));
+@@ -1871,4 +1844,3 @@
+ 	}
+ 	return (0);
+ }
+-
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_options.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_options.c
+@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
+ int
+ _archive_set_option(struct archive *a,
+     const char *m, const char *o, const char *v,
+-    int magic, const char *fn, option_handler use_option)
++    unsigned int magic, const char *fn, option_handler use_option)
+ {
+ 	const char *mp, *op, *vp;
+ 	int r;
+@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
+ 
+ int
+ _archive_set_options(struct archive *a, const char *options,
+-    int magic, const char *fn, option_handler use_option)
++    unsigned int magic, const char *fn, option_handler use_option)
+ {
+ 	int allok = 1, anyok = 0, ignore_mod_err = 0, r;
+ 	char *data;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_options_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_options_private.h
+@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@
+ int
+ _archive_set_option(struct archive *a,
+     const char *mod, const char *opt, const char *val,
+-    int magic, const char *fn, option_handler use_option);
++    unsigned int magic, const char *fn, option_handler use_option);
+ 
+ int
+ _archive_set_options(struct archive *a, const char *options,
+-    int magic, const char *fn, option_handler use_option);
++    unsigned int magic, const char *fn, option_handler use_option);
+ 
+ int
+ _archive_set_either_option(struct archive *a,
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_pack_dev.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_pack_dev.h
+@@ -46,4 +46,4 @@
+ 					 (((y) << 12) & 0xfff00000) | \
+ 					 (((y) <<  0) & 0x000000ff)))
+ 
+-#endif	/* ARCHIVE_PACK_DEV_H */
++#endif	/* !ARCHIVE_PACK_DEV_H */
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_parse_date.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,1147 @@
++/*
++ * This code is in the public domain and has no copyright.
++ *
++ * This is a plain C recursive-descent translation of an old
++ * public-domain YACC grammar that has been used for parsing dates in
++ * very many open-source projects.
++ *
++ * Since the original authors were generous enough to donate their
++ * work to the public domain, I feel compelled to match their
++ * generosity.
++ *
++ * Tim Kientzle, February 2009.
++ */
++
++/*
++ * Header comment from original getdate.y:
++ */
++
++/*
++**  Originally written by Steven M. Bellovin <smb@research.att.com> while
++**  at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Later tweaked by
++**  a couple of people on Usenet.  Completely overhauled by Rich $alz
++**  <rsalz@bbn.com> and Jim Berets <jberets@bbn.com> in August, 1990;
++**
++**  This grammar has 10 shift/reduce conflicts.
++**
++**  This code is in the public domain and has no copyright.
++*/
++
++#include "archive_platform.h"
++
++#include <ctype.h>
++#include <stdio.h>
++#include <stdlib.h>
++#include <string.h>
++#include <time.h>
++
++#include "archive.h"
++
++/* Basic time units. */
++#define	EPOCH		1970
++#define	MINUTE		(60L)
++#define	HOUR		(60L * MINUTE)
++#define	DAY		(24L * HOUR)
++
++/* Daylight-savings mode:  on, off, or not yet known. */
++enum DSTMODE { DSTon, DSToff, DSTmaybe };
++/* Meridian:  am or pm. */
++enum { tAM, tPM };
++/* Token types returned by nexttoken() */
++enum { tAGO = 260, tDAY, tDAYZONE, tAMPM, tMONTH, tMONTH_UNIT, tSEC_UNIT,
++       tUNUMBER, tZONE, tDST };
++struct token { int token; time_t value; };
++
++/*
++ * Parser state.
++ */
++struct gdstate {
++	struct token *tokenp; /* Pointer to next token. */
++	/* HaveXxxx counts how many of this kind of phrase we've seen;
++	 * it's a fatal error to have more than one time, zone, day,
++	 * or date phrase. */
++	int	HaveYear;
++	int	HaveMonth;
++	int	HaveDay;
++	int	HaveWeekDay; /* Day of week */
++	int	HaveTime; /* Hour/minute/second */
++	int	HaveZone; /* timezone and/or DST info */
++	int	HaveRel; /* time offset; we can have more than one */
++	/* Absolute time values. */
++	time_t	Timezone;  /* Seconds offset from GMT */
++	time_t	Day;
++	time_t	Hour;
++	time_t	Minutes;
++	time_t	Month;
++	time_t	Seconds;
++	time_t	Year;
++	/* DST selection */
++	enum DSTMODE	DSTmode;
++	/* Day of week accounting, e.g., "3rd Tuesday" */
++	time_t	DayOrdinal; /* "3" in "3rd Tuesday" */
++	time_t	DayNumber; /* "Tuesday" in "3rd Tuesday" */
++	/* Relative time values: hour/day/week offsets are measured in
++	 * seconds, month/year are counted in months. */
++	time_t	RelMonth;
++	time_t	RelSeconds;
++};
++
++/*
++ * A series of functions that recognize certain common time phrases.
++ * Each function returns 1 if it managed to make sense of some of the
++ * tokens, zero otherwise.
++ */
++
++/*
++ *  hour:minute or hour:minute:second with optional AM, PM, or numeric
++ *  timezone offset
++ */
++static int
++timephrase(struct gdstate *gds)
++{
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == ':'
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == ':'
++	    && gds->tokenp[4].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* "12:14:18" or "22:08:07" */
++		++gds->HaveTime;
++		gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Minutes = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->Seconds = gds->tokenp[4].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 5;
++	}
++	else if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == ':'
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* "12:14" or "22:08" */
++		++gds->HaveTime;
++		gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Minutes = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->Seconds = 0;
++		gds->tokenp += 3;
++	}
++	else if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tAMPM) {
++		/* "7" is a time if it's followed by "am" or "pm" */
++		++gds->HaveTime;
++		gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Minutes = gds->Seconds = 0;
++		/* We'll handle the AM/PM below. */
++		gds->tokenp += 1;
++	} else {
++		/* We can't handle this. */
++		return 0;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tAMPM) {
++		/* "7:12pm", "12:20:13am" */
++		if (gds->Hour == 12)
++			gds->Hour = 0;
++		if (gds->tokenp[0].value == tPM)
++			gds->Hour += 12;
++		gds->tokenp += 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '+'
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* "7:14+0700" */
++		gds->HaveZone++;
++		gds->DSTmode = DSToff;
++		gds->Timezone = - ((gds->tokenp[1].value / 100) * HOUR
++		    + (gds->tokenp[1].value % 100) * MINUTE);
++		gds->tokenp += 2;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '-'
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* "19:14:12-0530" */
++		gds->HaveZone++;
++		gds->DSTmode = DSToff;
++		gds->Timezone = + ((gds->tokenp[1].value / 100) * HOUR
++		    + (gds->tokenp[1].value % 100) * MINUTE);
++		gds->tokenp += 2;
++	}
++	return 1;
++}
++
++/*
++ * Timezone name, possibly including DST.
++ */
++static int
++zonephrase(struct gdstate *gds)
++{
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tZONE
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tDST) {
++		gds->HaveZone++;
++		gds->Timezone = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->DSTmode = DSTon;
++		gds->tokenp += 1;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tZONE) {
++		gds->HaveZone++;
++		gds->Timezone = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->DSTmode = DSToff;
++		gds->tokenp += 1;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tDAYZONE) {
++		gds->HaveZone++;
++		gds->Timezone = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->DSTmode = DSTon;
++		gds->tokenp += 1;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	return 0;
++}
++
++/*
++ * Year/month/day in various combinations.
++ */
++static int
++datephrase(struct gdstate *gds)
++{
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == '/'
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == '/'
++	    && gds->tokenp[4].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		gds->HaveYear++;
++		gds->HaveMonth++;
++		gds->HaveDay++;
++		if (gds->tokenp[0].value >= 13) {
++			/* First number is big:  2004/01/29, 99/02/17 */
++			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[4].value;
++		} else if ((gds->tokenp[4].value >= 13)
++		    || (gds->tokenp[2].value >= 13)) {
++			/* Last number is big:  01/07/98 */
++			/* Middle number is big:  01/29/04 */
++			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[4].value;
++		} else {
++			/* No significant clues: 02/03/04 */
++			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[4].value;
++		}
++		gds->tokenp += 5;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == '/'
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* "1/15" */
++		gds->HaveMonth++;
++		gds->HaveDay++;
++		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 3;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == '-'
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == '-'
++	    && gds->tokenp[4].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* ISO 8601 format.  yyyy-mm-dd.  */
++		gds->HaveYear++;
++		gds->HaveMonth++;
++		gds->HaveDay++;
++		gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[4].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 5;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == '-'
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tMONTH
++	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == '-'
++	    && gds->tokenp[4].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		gds->HaveYear++;
++		gds->HaveMonth++;
++		gds->HaveDay++;
++		if (gds->tokenp[0].value > 31) {
++			/* e.g. 1992-Jun-17 */
++			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[4].value;
++		} else {
++			/* e.g. 17-JUN-1992.  */
++			gds->Day = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++			gds->Month = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[4].value;
++		}
++		gds->tokenp += 5;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tMONTH
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == ','
++	    && gds->tokenp[3].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* "June 17, 2001" */
++		gds->HaveYear++;
++		gds->HaveMonth++;
++		gds->HaveDay++;
++		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[1].value;
++		gds->Year = gds->tokenp[3].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 4;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tMONTH
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* "May 3" */
++		gds->HaveMonth++;
++		gds->HaveDay++;
++		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[1].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 2;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tMONTH
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		/* "12 Sept 1997" */
++		gds->HaveYear++;
++		gds->HaveMonth++;
++		gds->HaveDay++;
++		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[1].value;
++		gds->Year = gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 3;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tMONTH) {
++		/* "12 Sept" */
++		gds->HaveMonth++;
++		gds->HaveDay++;
++		gds->Day = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->Month = gds->tokenp[1].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 2;
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	return 0;
++}
++
++/*
++ * Relative time phrase: "tomorrow", "yesterday", "+1 hour", etc.
++ */
++static int
++relunitphrase(struct gdstate *gds)
++{
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '-'
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tSEC_UNIT) {
++		/* "-3 hours" */
++		gds->HaveRel++;
++		gds->RelSeconds -= gds->tokenp[1].value * gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 3;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '+'
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tSEC_UNIT) {
++		/* "+1 minute" */
++		gds->HaveRel++;
++		gds->RelSeconds += gds->tokenp[1].value * gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 3;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tSEC_UNIT) {
++		/* "1 day" */
++		gds->HaveRel++;
++		gds->RelSeconds += gds->tokenp[0].value * gds->tokenp[1].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 2;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '-'
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tMONTH_UNIT) {
++		/* "-3 months" */
++		gds->HaveRel++;
++		gds->RelMonth -= gds->tokenp[1].value * gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 3;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == '+'
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[2].token == tMONTH_UNIT) {
++		/* "+5 years" */
++		gds->HaveRel++;
++		gds->RelMonth += gds->tokenp[1].value * gds->tokenp[2].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 3;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++	    && gds->tokenp[1].token == tMONTH_UNIT) {
++		/* "2 years" */
++		gds->HaveRel++;
++		gds->RelMonth += gds->tokenp[0].value * gds->tokenp[1].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 2;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tSEC_UNIT) {
++		/* "now", "tomorrow" */
++		gds->HaveRel++;
++		gds->RelSeconds += gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 1;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tMONTH_UNIT) {
++		/* "month" */
++		gds->HaveRel++;
++		gds->RelMonth += gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 1;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	return 0;
++}
++
++/*
++ * Day of the week specification.
++ */
++static int
++dayphrase(struct gdstate *gds)
++{
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tDAY) {
++		/* "tues", "wednesday," */
++		gds->HaveWeekDay++;
++		gds->DayOrdinal = 1;
++		gds->DayNumber = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 1;
++		if (gds->tokenp[0].token == ',')
++			gds->tokenp += 1;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER
++		&& gds->tokenp[1].token == tDAY) {
++		/* "second tues" "3 wed" */
++		gds->HaveWeekDay++;
++		gds->DayOrdinal = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++		gds->DayNumber = gds->tokenp[1].value;
++		gds->tokenp += 2;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	return 0;
++}
++
++/*
++ * Try to match a phrase using one of the above functions.
++ * This layer also deals with a couple of generic issues.
++ */
++static int
++phrase(struct gdstate *gds)
++{
++	if (timephrase(gds))
++		return 1;
++	if (zonephrase(gds))
++		return 1;
++	if (datephrase(gds))
++		return 1;
++	if (dayphrase(gds))
++		return 1;
++	if (relunitphrase(gds)) {
++		if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tAGO) {
++			gds->RelSeconds = -gds->RelSeconds;
++			gds->RelMonth = -gds->RelMonth;
++			gds->tokenp += 1;
++		}
++		return 1;
++	}
++
++	/* Bare numbers sometimes have meaning. */
++	if (gds->tokenp[0].token == tUNUMBER) {
++		if (gds->HaveTime && !gds->HaveYear && !gds->HaveRel) {
++			gds->HaveYear++;
++			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++			gds->tokenp += 1;
++			return 1;
++		}
++
++		if(gds->tokenp[0].value > 10000) {
++			/* "20040301" */
++			gds->HaveYear++;
++			gds->HaveMonth++;
++			gds->HaveDay++;
++			gds->Day= (gds->tokenp[0].value)%100;
++			gds->Month= (gds->tokenp[0].value/100)%100;
++			gds->Year = gds->tokenp[0].value/10000;
++			gds->tokenp += 1;
++			return 1;
++		}
++
++		if (gds->tokenp[0].value < 24) {
++			gds->HaveTime++;
++			gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value;
++			gds->Minutes = 0;
++			gds->Seconds = 0;
++			gds->tokenp += 1;
++			return 1;
++		}
++
++		if ((gds->tokenp[0].value / 100 < 24)
++		    && (gds->tokenp[0].value % 100 < 60)) {
++			/* "513" is same as "5:13" */
++			gds->Hour = gds->tokenp[0].value / 100;
++			gds->Minutes = gds->tokenp[0].value % 100;
++			gds->Seconds = 0;
++			gds->tokenp += 1;
++			return 1;
++		}
++	}
++
++	return 0;
++}
++
++/*
++ * A dictionary of time words.
++ */
++static struct LEXICON {
++	size_t		abbrev;
++	const char	*name;
++	int		type;
++	time_t		value;
++} const TimeWords[] = {
++	/* am/pm */
++	{ 0, "am",		tAMPM,	tAM },
++	{ 0, "pm",		tAMPM,	tPM },
++
++	/* Month names. */
++	{ 3, "january",		tMONTH,  1 },
++	{ 3, "february",	tMONTH,  2 },
++	{ 3, "march",		tMONTH,  3 },
++	{ 3, "april",		tMONTH,  4 },
++	{ 3, "may",		tMONTH,  5 },
++	{ 3, "june",		tMONTH,  6 },
++	{ 3, "july",		tMONTH,  7 },
++	{ 3, "august",		tMONTH,  8 },
++	{ 3, "september",	tMONTH,  9 },
++	{ 3, "october",		tMONTH, 10 },
++	{ 3, "november",	tMONTH, 11 },
++	{ 3, "december",	tMONTH, 12 },
++
++	/* Days of the week. */
++	{ 2, "sunday",		tDAY, 0 },
++	{ 3, "monday",		tDAY, 1 },
++	{ 2, "tuesday",		tDAY, 2 },
++	{ 3, "wednesday",	tDAY, 3 },
++	{ 2, "thursday",	tDAY, 4 },
++	{ 2, "friday",		tDAY, 5 },
++	{ 2, "saturday",	tDAY, 6 },
++
++	/* Timezones: Offsets are in seconds. */
++	{ 0, "gmt",  tZONE,     0*HOUR }, /* Greenwich Mean */
++	{ 0, "ut",   tZONE,     0*HOUR }, /* Universal (Coordinated) */
++	{ 0, "utc",  tZONE,     0*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "wet",  tZONE,     0*HOUR }, /* Western European */
++	{ 0, "bst",  tDAYZONE,  0*HOUR }, /* British Summer */
++	{ 0, "wat",  tZONE,     1*HOUR }, /* West Africa */
++	{ 0, "at",   tZONE,     2*HOUR }, /* Azores */
++	/* { 0, "bst", tZONE, 3*HOUR }, */ /* Brazil Standard: Conflict */
++	/* { 0, "gst", tZONE, 3*HOUR }, */ /* Greenland Standard: Conflict*/
++	{ 0, "nft",  tZONE,     3*HOUR+30*MINUTE }, /* Newfoundland */
++	{ 0, "nst",  tZONE,     3*HOUR+30*MINUTE }, /* Newfoundland Standard */
++	{ 0, "ndt",  tDAYZONE,  3*HOUR+30*MINUTE }, /* Newfoundland Daylight */
++	{ 0, "ast",  tZONE,     4*HOUR }, /* Atlantic Standard */
++	{ 0, "adt",  tDAYZONE,  4*HOUR }, /* Atlantic Daylight */
++	{ 0, "est",  tZONE,     5*HOUR }, /* Eastern Standard */
++	{ 0, "edt",  tDAYZONE,  5*HOUR }, /* Eastern Daylight */
++	{ 0, "cst",  tZONE,     6*HOUR }, /* Central Standard */
++	{ 0, "cdt",  tDAYZONE,  6*HOUR }, /* Central Daylight */
++	{ 0, "mst",  tZONE,     7*HOUR }, /* Mountain Standard */
++	{ 0, "mdt",  tDAYZONE,  7*HOUR }, /* Mountain Daylight */
++	{ 0, "pst",  tZONE,     8*HOUR }, /* Pacific Standard */
++	{ 0, "pdt",  tDAYZONE,  8*HOUR }, /* Pacific Daylight */
++	{ 0, "yst",  tZONE,     9*HOUR }, /* Yukon Standard */
++	{ 0, "ydt",  tDAYZONE,  9*HOUR }, /* Yukon Daylight */
++	{ 0, "hst",  tZONE,     10*HOUR }, /* Hawaii Standard */
++	{ 0, "hdt",  tDAYZONE,  10*HOUR }, /* Hawaii Daylight */
++	{ 0, "cat",  tZONE,     10*HOUR }, /* Central Alaska */
++	{ 0, "ahst", tZONE,     10*HOUR }, /* Alaska-Hawaii Standard */
++	{ 0, "nt",   tZONE,     11*HOUR }, /* Nome */
++	{ 0, "idlw", tZONE,     12*HOUR }, /* Intl Date Line West */
++	{ 0, "cet",  tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* Central European */
++	{ 0, "met",  tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* Middle European */
++	{ 0, "mewt", tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* Middle European Winter */
++	{ 0, "mest", tDAYZONE,  -1*HOUR }, /* Middle European Summer */
++	{ 0, "swt",  tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* Swedish Winter */
++	{ 0, "sst",  tDAYZONE,  -1*HOUR }, /* Swedish Summer */
++	{ 0, "fwt",  tZONE,     -1*HOUR }, /* French Winter */
++	{ 0, "fst",  tDAYZONE,  -1*HOUR }, /* French Summer */
++	{ 0, "eet",  tZONE,     -2*HOUR }, /* Eastern Eur, USSR Zone 1 */
++	{ 0, "bt",   tZONE,     -3*HOUR }, /* Baghdad, USSR Zone 2 */
++	{ 0, "it",   tZONE,     -3*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Iran */
++	{ 0, "zp4",  tZONE,     -4*HOUR }, /* USSR Zone 3 */
++	{ 0, "zp5",  tZONE,     -5*HOUR }, /* USSR Zone 4 */
++	{ 0, "ist",  tZONE,     -5*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Indian Standard */
++	{ 0, "zp6",  tZONE,     -6*HOUR }, /* USSR Zone 5 */
++	/* { 0, "nst",  tZONE, -6.5*HOUR }, */ /* North Sumatra: Conflict */
++	/* { 0, "sst", tZONE, -7*HOUR }, */ /* So Sumatra, USSR 6: Conflict */
++	{ 0, "wast", tZONE,     -7*HOUR }, /* West Australian Standard */
++	{ 0, "wadt", tDAYZONE,  -7*HOUR }, /* West Australian Daylight */
++	{ 0, "jt",   tZONE,     -7*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Java (3pm in Cronusland!)*/
++	{ 0, "cct",  tZONE,     -8*HOUR }, /* China Coast, USSR Zone 7 */
++	{ 0, "jst",  tZONE,     -9*HOUR }, /* Japan Std, USSR Zone 8 */
++	{ 0, "cast", tZONE,     -9*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Ctrl Australian Std */
++	{ 0, "cadt", tDAYZONE,  -9*HOUR-30*MINUTE },/* Ctrl Australian Daylt */
++	{ 0, "east", tZONE,     -10*HOUR }, /* Eastern Australian Std */
++	{ 0, "eadt", tDAYZONE,  -10*HOUR }, /* Eastern Australian Daylt */
++	{ 0, "gst",  tZONE,     -10*HOUR }, /* Guam Std, USSR Zone 9 */
++	{ 0, "nzt",  tZONE,     -12*HOUR }, /* New Zealand */
++	{ 0, "nzst", tZONE,     -12*HOUR }, /* New Zealand Standard */
++	{ 0, "nzdt", tDAYZONE,  -12*HOUR }, /* New Zealand Daylight */
++	{ 0, "idle", tZONE,     -12*HOUR }, /* Intl Date Line East */
++
++	{ 0, "dst",  tDST,		0 },
++
++	/* Time units. */
++	{ 4, "years",		tMONTH_UNIT,	12 },
++	{ 5, "months",		tMONTH_UNIT,	1 },
++	{ 9, "fortnights",	tSEC_UNIT,	14 * DAY },
++	{ 4, "weeks",		tSEC_UNIT,	7 * DAY },
++	{ 3, "days",		tSEC_UNIT,	DAY },
++	{ 4, "hours",		tSEC_UNIT,	HOUR },
++	{ 3, "minutes",		tSEC_UNIT,	MINUTE },
++	{ 3, "seconds",		tSEC_UNIT,	1 },
++
++	/* Relative-time words. */
++	{ 0, "tomorrow",	tSEC_UNIT,	DAY },
++	{ 0, "yesterday",	tSEC_UNIT,	-DAY },
++	{ 0, "today",		tSEC_UNIT,	0 },
++	{ 0, "now",		tSEC_UNIT,	0 },
++	{ 0, "last",		tUNUMBER,	-1 },
++	{ 0, "this",		tSEC_UNIT,	0 },
++	{ 0, "next",		tUNUMBER,	2 },
++	{ 0, "first",		tUNUMBER,	1 },
++	{ 0, "1st",		tUNUMBER,	1 },
++/*	{ 0, "second",		tUNUMBER,	2 }, */
++	{ 0, "2nd",		tUNUMBER,	2 },
++	{ 0, "third",		tUNUMBER,	3 },
++	{ 0, "3rd",		tUNUMBER,	3 },
++	{ 0, "fourth",		tUNUMBER,	4 },
++	{ 0, "4th",		tUNUMBER,	4 },
++	{ 0, "fifth",		tUNUMBER,	5 },
++	{ 0, "5th",		tUNUMBER,	5 },
++	{ 0, "sixth",		tUNUMBER,	6 },
++	{ 0, "seventh",		tUNUMBER,	7 },
++	{ 0, "eighth",		tUNUMBER,	8 },
++	{ 0, "ninth",		tUNUMBER,	9 },
++	{ 0, "tenth",		tUNUMBER,	10 },
++	{ 0, "eleventh",	tUNUMBER,	11 },
++	{ 0, "twelfth",		tUNUMBER,	12 },
++	{ 0, "ago",		tAGO,		1 },
++
++	/* Military timezones. */
++	{ 0, "a",	tZONE,	1*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "b",	tZONE,	2*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "c",	tZONE,	3*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "d",	tZONE,	4*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "e",	tZONE,	5*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "f",	tZONE,	6*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "g",	tZONE,	7*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "h",	tZONE,	8*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "i",	tZONE,	9*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "k",	tZONE,	10*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "l",	tZONE,	11*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "m",	tZONE,	12*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "n",	tZONE,	-1*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "o",	tZONE,	-2*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "p",	tZONE,	-3*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "q",	tZONE,	-4*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "r",	tZONE,	-5*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "s",	tZONE,	-6*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "t",	tZONE,	-7*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "u",	tZONE,	-8*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "v",	tZONE,	-9*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "w",	tZONE,	-10*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "x",	tZONE,	-11*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "y",	tZONE,	-12*HOUR },
++	{ 0, "z",	tZONE,	0*HOUR },
++
++	/* End of table. */
++	{ 0, NULL,	0,	0 }
++};
++
++/*
++ * Year is either:
++ *  = A number from 0 to 99, which means a year from 1970 to 2069, or
++ *  = The actual year (>=100).
++ */
++static time_t
++Convert(time_t Month, time_t Day, time_t Year,
++	time_t Hours, time_t Minutes, time_t Seconds,
++	time_t Timezone, enum DSTMODE DSTmode)
++{
++	signed char DaysInMonth[12] = {
++		31, 0, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
++	};
++	time_t		Julian;
++	int		i;
++	struct tm	*ltime;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	struct tm	tmbuf;
++#endif
++
++	if (Year < 69)
++		Year += 2000;
++	else if (Year < 100)
++		Year += 1900;
++	DaysInMonth[1] = Year % 4 == 0 && (Year % 100 != 0 || Year % 400 == 0)
++	    ? 29 : 28;
++	/* Checking for 2038 bogusly assumes that time_t is 32 bits.  But
++	   I'm too lazy to try to check for time_t overflow in another way.  */
++	if (Year < EPOCH || Year >= 2038
++	    || Month < 1 || Month > 12
++	    /* Lint fluff:  "conversion from long may lose accuracy" */
++	    || Day < 1 || Day > DaysInMonth[(int)--Month]
++	    || Hours < 0 || Hours > 23
++	    || Minutes < 0 || Minutes > 59
++	    || Seconds < 0 || Seconds > 59)
++		return -1;
++
++	Julian = Day - 1;
++	for (i = 0; i < Month; i++)
++		Julian += DaysInMonth[i];
++	for (i = EPOCH; i < Year; i++)
++		Julian += 365 + (i % 4 == 0);
++	Julian *= DAY;
++	Julian += Timezone;
++	Julian += Hours * HOUR + Minutes * MINUTE + Seconds;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	ltime = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &Julian) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	ltime = localtime_r(&Julian, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	ltime = localtime(&Julian);
++#endif
++	if (DSTmode == DSTon
++	    || (DSTmode == DSTmaybe && ltime->tm_isdst))
++		Julian -= HOUR;
++	return Julian;
++}
++
++static time_t
++DSTcorrect(time_t Start, time_t Future)
++{
++	time_t		StartDay;
++	time_t		FutureDay;
++	struct tm	*ltime;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	struct tm	tmbuf;
++#endif
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	ltime = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &Start) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	ltime = localtime_r(&Start, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	ltime = localtime(&Start);
++#endif
++	StartDay = (ltime->tm_hour + 1) % 24;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	ltime = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &Future) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	ltime = localtime_r(&Future, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	ltime = localtime(&Future);
++#endif
++	FutureDay = (ltime->tm_hour + 1) % 24;
++	return (Future - Start) + (StartDay - FutureDay) * HOUR;
++}
++
++
++static time_t
++RelativeDate(time_t Start, time_t zone, int dstmode,
++    time_t DayOrdinal, time_t DayNumber)
++{
++	struct tm	*tm;
++	time_t	t, now;
++#if defined(HAVE_GMTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_GMTIME_S)
++	struct tm	tmbuf;
++#endif
++
++	t = Start - zone;
++#if defined(HAVE_GMTIME_S)
++	tm = gmtime_s(&tmbuf, &t) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_GMTIME_R)
++	tm = gmtime_r(&t, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	tm = gmtime(&t);
++#endif
++	now = Start;
++	now += DAY * ((DayNumber - tm->tm_wday + 7) % 7);
++	now += 7 * DAY * (DayOrdinal <= 0 ? DayOrdinal : DayOrdinal - 1);
++	if (dstmode == DSTmaybe)
++		return DSTcorrect(Start, now);
++	return now - Start;
++}
++
++
++static time_t
++RelativeMonth(time_t Start, time_t Timezone, time_t RelMonth)
++{
++	struct tm	*tm;
++	time_t	Month;
++	time_t	Year;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	struct tm	tmbuf;
++#endif
++
++	if (RelMonth == 0)
++		return 0;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	tm = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &Start) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	tm = localtime_r(&Start, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	tm = localtime(&Start);
++#endif
++	Month = 12 * (tm->tm_year + 1900) + tm->tm_mon + RelMonth;
++	Year = Month / 12;
++	Month = Month % 12 + 1;
++	return DSTcorrect(Start,
++	    Convert(Month, (time_t)tm->tm_mday, Year,
++		(time_t)tm->tm_hour, (time_t)tm->tm_min, (time_t)tm->tm_sec,
++		Timezone, DSTmaybe));
++}
++
++/*
++ * Parses and consumes an unsigned number.
++ * Returns 1 if any number is parsed. Otherwise, *value is unchanged.
++ */
++static char
++consume_unsigned_number(const char **in, time_t *value)
++{
++	char c;
++	if (isdigit((unsigned char)(c = **in))) {
++		for (*value = 0; isdigit((unsigned char)(c = *(*in)++)); )
++			*value = 10 * *value + c - '0';
++		(*in)--;
++		return 1;
++	}
++	return 0;
++}
++
++/*
++ * Tokenizer.
++ */
++static int
++nexttoken(const char **in, time_t *value)
++{
++	char	c;
++	char	buff[64];
++
++	for ( ; ; ) {
++		while (isspace((unsigned char)**in))
++			++*in;
++
++		/* Skip parenthesized comments. */
++		if (**in == '(') {
++			int Count = 0;
++			do {
++				c = *(*in)++;
++				if (c == '\0')
++					return c;
++				if (c == '(')
++					Count++;
++				else if (c == ')')
++					Count--;
++			} while (Count > 0);
++			continue;
++		}
++
++		/* Try the next token in the word table first. */
++		/* This allows us to match "2nd", for example. */
++		{
++			const char *src = *in;
++			const struct LEXICON *tp;
++			unsigned i = 0;
++
++			/* Force to lowercase and strip '.' characters. */
++			while (*src != '\0'
++			    && (isalnum((unsigned char)*src) || *src == '.')
++			    && i < sizeof(buff)-1) {
++				if (*src != '.') {
++					if (isupper((unsigned char)*src))
++						buff[i++] = (char)tolower(
++						    (unsigned char)*src);
++					else
++						buff[i++] = *src;
++				}
++				src++;
++			}
++			buff[i] = '\0';
++
++			/*
++			 * Find the first match.  If the word can be
++			 * abbreviated, make sure we match at least
++			 * the minimum abbreviation.
++			 */
++			for (tp = TimeWords; tp->name; tp++) {
++				size_t abbrev = tp->abbrev;
++				if (abbrev == 0)
++					abbrev = strlen(tp->name);
++				if (strlen(buff) >= abbrev
++				    && strncmp(tp->name, buff, strlen(buff))
++				    	== 0) {
++					/* Skip over token. */
++					*in = src;
++					/* Return the match. */
++					*value = tp->value;
++					return tp->type;
++				}
++			}
++		}
++
++		/*
++		 * Not in the word table, maybe it's a number.  Note:
++		 * Because '-' and '+' have other special meanings, I
++		 * don't deal with signed numbers here.
++		 */
++		if (consume_unsigned_number(in, value)) {
++			return (tUNUMBER);
++		}
++
++		return *(*in)++;
++	}
++}
++
++#define	TM_YEAR_ORIGIN 1900
++
++/* Yield A - B, measured in seconds.  */
++static long
++difftm (struct tm *a, struct tm *b)
++{
++	int ay = a->tm_year + (TM_YEAR_ORIGIN - 1);
++	int by = b->tm_year + (TM_YEAR_ORIGIN - 1);
++	long days = (
++		/* difference in day of year */
++		a->tm_yday - b->tm_yday
++		/* + intervening leap days */
++		+  ((ay >> 2) - (by >> 2))
++		-  (ay/100 - by/100)
++		+  ((ay/100 >> 2) - (by/100 >> 2))
++		/* + difference in years * 365 */
++		+  (long)(ay-by) * 365
++		);
++	return (days * DAY + (a->tm_hour - b->tm_hour) * HOUR
++	    + (a->tm_min - b->tm_min) * MINUTE
++	    + (a->tm_sec - b->tm_sec));
++}
++
++/*
++ * Parses a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds).
++ * This supports a subset of what GNU tar accepts from black box testing,
++ * but covers common use cases.
++ */
++static time_t
++parse_unix_epoch(const char *p)
++{
++	time_t epoch;
++
++	/* may begin with + */
++	if (*p == '+') {
++		p++;
++	}
++
++	/* followed by some number */
++	if (!consume_unsigned_number(&p, &epoch))
++		return (time_t)-1;
++
++	/* ...and nothing else */
++	if (*p != '\0')
++		return (time_t)-1;
++
++	return epoch;
++}
++
++/*
++ *
++ * The public function.
++ *
++ * TODO: tokens[] array should be dynamically sized.
++ */
++time_t
++archive_parse_date(time_t now, const char *p)
++{
++	struct token	tokens[256];
++	struct gdstate	_gds;
++	struct token	*lasttoken;
++	struct gdstate	*gds;
++	struct tm	local, *tm;
++	struct tm	gmt, *gmt_ptr;
++	time_t		Start;
++	time_t		tod;
++	long		tzone;
++
++	/*
++	 * @-prefixed Unix epoch timestamps (seconds)
++	 * Skip the complex tokenizer - We do not want to accept strings like "@tenth"
++	 */
++	if (*p == '@')
++		return parse_unix_epoch(p + 1);
++
++	/* Clear out the parsed token array. */
++	memset(tokens, 0, sizeof(tokens));
++	/* Initialize the parser state. */
++	memset(&_gds, 0, sizeof(_gds));
++	gds = &_gds;
++
++	/* Look up the current time. */
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	tm = localtime_s(&local, &now) ? NULL : &local;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	tm = localtime_r(&now, &local);
++#else
++	memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
++	tm = localtime(&now);
++#endif
++	if (tm == NULL)
++		return -1;
++#if !defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) && !defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	local = *tm;
++#endif
++
++	/* Look up UTC if we can and use that to determine the current
++	 * timezone offset. */
++#if defined(HAVE_GMTIME_S)
++	gmt_ptr = gmtime_s(&gmt, &now) ? NULL : &gmt;
++#elif defined(HAVE_GMTIME_R)
++	gmt_ptr = gmtime_r(&now, &gmt);
++#else
++	memset(&gmt, 0, sizeof(gmt));
++	gmt_ptr = gmtime(&now);
++	if (gmt_ptr != NULL) {
++		/* Copy, in case localtime and gmtime use the same buffer. */
++		gmt = *gmt_ptr;
++	}
++#endif
++	if (gmt_ptr != NULL)
++		tzone = difftm (&gmt, &local);
++	else
++		/* This system doesn't understand timezones; fake it. */
++		tzone = 0;
++	if(local.tm_isdst)
++		tzone += HOUR;
++
++	/* Tokenize the input string. */
++	lasttoken = tokens;
++	while ((lasttoken->token = nexttoken(&p, &lasttoken->value)) != 0) {
++		++lasttoken;
++		if (lasttoken > tokens + 255)
++			return -1;
++	}
++	gds->tokenp = tokens;
++
++	/* Match phrases until we run out of input tokens. */
++	while (gds->tokenp < lasttoken) {
++		if (!phrase(gds))
++			return -1;
++	}
++
++	/* Use current local timezone if none was specified. */
++	if (!gds->HaveZone) {
++		gds->Timezone = tzone;
++		gds->DSTmode = DSTmaybe;
++	}
++
++	/* If a timezone was specified, use that for generating the default
++	 * time components instead of the local timezone. */
++	if (gds->HaveZone && gmt_ptr != NULL) {
++		now -= gds->Timezone;
++#if defined(HAVE_GMTIME_S)
++		gmt_ptr = gmtime_s(&gmt, &now) ? NULL : &gmt;
++#elif defined(HAVE_GMTIME_R)
++		gmt_ptr = gmtime_r(&now, &gmt);
++#else
++		gmt_ptr = gmtime(&now);
++#endif
++		if (gmt_ptr != NULL)
++			local = *gmt_ptr;
++		now += gds->Timezone;
++	}
++
++	if (!gds->HaveYear)
++		gds->Year = local.tm_year + 1900;
++	if (!gds->HaveMonth)
++		gds->Month = local.tm_mon + 1;
++	if (!gds->HaveDay)
++		gds->Day = local.tm_mday;
++	/* Note: No default for hour/min/sec; a specifier that just
++	 * gives date always refers to 00:00 on that date. */
++
++	/* If we saw more than one time, timezone, weekday, year, month,
++	 * or day, then give up. */
++	if (gds->HaveTime > 1 || gds->HaveZone > 1 || gds->HaveWeekDay > 1
++	    || gds->HaveYear > 1 || gds->HaveMonth > 1 || gds->HaveDay > 1)
++		return -1;
++
++	/* Compute an absolute time based on whatever absolute information
++	 * we collected. */
++	if (gds->HaveYear || gds->HaveMonth || gds->HaveDay
++	    || gds->HaveTime || gds->HaveWeekDay) {
++		Start = Convert(gds->Month, gds->Day, gds->Year,
++		    gds->Hour, gds->Minutes, gds->Seconds,
++		    gds->Timezone, gds->DSTmode);
++		if (Start < 0)
++			return -1;
++	} else {
++		Start = now;
++		if (!gds->HaveRel)
++			Start -= local.tm_hour * HOUR + local.tm_min * MINUTE
++			    + local.tm_sec;
++	}
++
++	/* Add the relative offset. */
++	Start += gds->RelSeconds;
++	Start += RelativeMonth(Start, gds->Timezone, gds->RelMonth);
++
++	/* Adjust for day-of-week offsets. */
++	if (gds->HaveWeekDay
++	    && !(gds->HaveYear || gds->HaveMonth || gds->HaveDay)) {
++		tod = RelativeDate(Start, gds->Timezone,
++		    gds->DSTmode, gds->DayOrdinal, gds->DayNumber);
++		Start += tod;
++	}
++
++	/* -1 is an error indicator, so return 0 instead of -1 if
++	 * that's the actual time. */
++	return Start == -1 ? 0 : Start;
++}
++
++
++#if	defined(TEST)
++
++/* ARGSUSED */
++int
++main(int argc, char **argv)
++{
++    time_t	d;
++    time_t	now = time(NULL);
++
++    while (*++argv != NULL) {
++	    (void)printf("Input: %s\n", *argv);
++	    d = get_date(now, *argv);
++	    if (d == -1)
++		    (void)printf("Bad format - couldn't convert.\n");
++	    else
++		    (void)printf("Output: %s\n", ctime(&d));
++    }
++    exit(0);
++    /* NOTREACHED */
++}
++#endif	/* defined(TEST) */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_platform.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_platform.h
+@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@
+ # endif
+ #endif
+ 
++/* For cygwin, to avoid missing LONG, ULONG, PUCHAR, ... definitions */
++#ifdef __CYGWIN__
++#include <windef.h>
++#endif
++
+ /* It should be possible to get rid of this by extending the feature-test
+  * macros to cover Windows API functions, probably along with non-trivial
+  * refactoring of code to find structures that sit more cleanly on top of
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_platform_acl.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_platform_acl.h
+@@ -50,4 +50,4 @@
+ #define ARCHIVE_ACL_SUPPORT     1
+ #endif
+ 
+-#endif	/* ARCHIVE_PLATFORM_ACL_H_INCLUDED */
++#endif	/* !ARCHIVE_PLATFORM_ACL_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_platform_xattr.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_platform_xattr.h
+@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@
+ #define ARCHIVE_XATTR_SUPPORT     1
+ #endif
+ 
+-#endif	/* ARCHIVE_PLATFORM_XATTR_H_INCLUDED */
++#endif	/* !ARCHIVE_PLATFORM_XATTR_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_ppmd7.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_ppmd7.c
+@@ -287,9 +287,14 @@
+   return AllocUnitsRare(p, indx);
+ }
+ 
+-#define MyMem12Cpy(dest, src, num) \
+-  { UInt32 *d = (UInt32 *)dest; const UInt32 *s = (const UInt32 *)src; UInt32 n = num; \
+-    do { d[0] = s[0]; d[1] = s[1]; d[2] = s[2]; s += 3; d += 3; } while(--n); }
++#define MyMem12Cpy(dest, src, num) do {					\
++	UInt32 *d = (UInt32 *)dest;					\
++	const UInt32 *s = (const UInt32 *)src;				\
++	UInt32 n = num;							\
++	do {								\
++		d[0] = s[0]; d[1] = s[1]; d[2] = s[2]; s += 3; d += 3;	\
++	} while(--n);							\
++} while (0)
+ 
+ static void *ShrinkUnits(CPpmd7 *p, void *oldPtr, unsigned oldNU, unsigned newNU)
+ {
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_ppmd8.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_ppmd8.c
+@@ -242,9 +242,14 @@
+   return AllocUnitsRare(p, indx);
+ }
+ 
+-#define MyMem12Cpy(dest, src, num) \
+-  { UInt32 *d = (UInt32 *)dest; const UInt32 *z = (const UInt32 *)src; UInt32 n = num; \
+-    do { d[0] = z[0]; d[1] = z[1]; d[2] = z[2]; z += 3; d += 3; } while (--n); }
++#define MyMem12Cpy(dest, src, num) do {					\
++	UInt32 *d = (UInt32 *)dest;					\
++	const UInt32 *z = (const UInt32 *)src;				\
++	UInt32 n = num;							\
++	do {								\
++		d[0] = z[0]; d[1] = z[1]; d[2] = z[2]; z += 3; d += 3;	\
++	} while (--n);							\
++} while (0)
+ 
+ static void *ShrinkUnits(CPpmd8 *p, void *oldPtr, unsigned oldNU, unsigned newNU)
+ {
+@@ -341,7 +346,9 @@
+   (p)->SuccessorHigh = (UInt16)(((UInt32)(v) >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
+ }
+ 
+-#define RESET_TEXT(offs) { p->Text = p->Base + p->AlignOffset + (offs); }
++#define RESET_TEXT(offs) do {						\
++	p->Text = p->Base + p->AlignOffset + (offs);			\
++} while (0)
+ 
+ static void RestartModel(CPpmd8 *p)
+ {
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_ppmd_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_ppmd_private.h
+@@ -109,8 +109,12 @@
+   Byte Count;  /* Count to next change of Shift */
+ } CPpmd_See;
+ 
+-#define Ppmd_See_Update(p)  if ((p)->Shift < PPMD_PERIOD_BITS && --(p)->Count == 0) \
+-    { (p)->Summ <<= 1; (p)->Count = (Byte)(3 << (p)->Shift++); }
++#define Ppmd_See_Update(p) do {						\
++	if ((p)->Shift < PPMD_PERIOD_BITS && --(p)->Count == 0) {	\
++		(p)->Summ <<= 1;					\
++		(p)->Count = (Byte)(3 << (p)->Shift++);			\
++    	}								\
++} while (0)
+ 
+ typedef struct
+ {
+@@ -144,8 +148,12 @@
+   #endif
+   CPpmd_Byte_Ref;
+ 
+-#define PPMD_SetAllBitsIn256Bytes(p) \
+-  { unsigned j; for (j = 0; j < 256 / sizeof(p[0]); j += 8) { \
+-  p[j+7] = p[j+6] = p[j+5] = p[j+4] = p[j+3] = p[j+2] = p[j+1] = p[j+0] = ~(size_t)0; }}
++#define PPMD_SetAllBitsIn256Bytes(p) do {				\
++	unsigned j;							\
++	for (j = 0; j < 256 / sizeof(p[0]); j += 8) {			\
++		p[j+7] = p[j+6] = p[j+5] = p[j+4] =			\
++		    p[j+3] = p[j+2] = p[j+1] = p[j+0] = ~(size_t)0;	\
++	}								\
++} while (0)
+ 
+ #endif
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_random_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_random_private.h
+@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@
+ /* Random number generator. */
+ int archive_random(void *buf, size_t nbytes);
+ 
+-#endif /* ARCHIVE_RANDOM_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
++#endif /* !ARCHIVE_RANDOM_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_rb.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_rb.h
+@@ -110,4 +110,4 @@
+ 	__archive_rb_tree_iterate(struct archive_rb_tree *,
+ 	struct archive_rb_node *, const unsigned int);
+ 
+-#endif	/* ARCHIVE_RB_H_*/
++#endif	/* !ARCHIVE_RB_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read.c
+@@ -176,15 +176,9 @@
+ 		return 0;
+ 
+ 	if (self->archive->client.skipper != NULL) {
+-		/* Seek requests over 1GiB are broken down into
+-		 * multiple seeks.  This avoids overflows when the
+-		 * requests get passed through 32-bit arguments. */
+-		int64_t skip_limit = (int64_t)1 << 30;
+ 		int64_t total = 0;
+ 		for (;;) {
+ 			int64_t get, ask = request;
+-			if (ask > skip_limit)
+-				ask = skip_limit;
+ 			get = (self->archive->client.skipper)
+ 				(&self->archive->archive, self->data, ask);
+ 			total += get;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_append_filter.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_append_filter.c
+@@ -96,6 +96,10 @@
+       strcpy(str, "lzip");
+       r1 = archive_read_support_filter_lzip(_a);
+       break;
++    case ARCHIVE_FILTER_LZOP:
++      strcpy(str, "lzop");
++      r1 = archive_read_support_filter_lzop(_a);
++      break;
+     case ARCHIVE_FILTER_LRZIP:
+       strcpy(str, "lrzip");
+       r1 = archive_read_support_filter_lrzip(_a);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_disk_entry_from_file.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_disk_entry_from_file.c
+@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@
+ 	count = (sizeof(buff) - sizeof(*fm))/sizeof(*fe);
+ 	fm = (struct fiemap *)buff;
+ 	fm->fm_start = 0;
+-	fm->fm_length = ~0ULL;;
++	fm->fm_length = ~0ULL;
+ 	fm->fm_flags = FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC;
+ 	fm->fm_extent_count = count;
+ 	do_fiemap = 1;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_disk_posix.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_disk_posix.c
+@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
+ #endif
+ 
+ /* Initiate/terminate a tree traversal. */
+-static struct tree *tree_open(const char *, int, int);
++static struct tree *tree_open(const char *, char, int);
+ static struct tree *tree_reopen(struct tree *, const char *, int);
+ static void tree_close(struct tree *);
+ static void tree_free(struct tree *);
+@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@
+ 
+ static void
+ setup_symlink_mode(struct archive_read_disk *a, char symlink_mode,
+-    int follow_symlinks)
++    char follow_symlinks)
+ {
+ 	a->symlink_mode = symlink_mode;
+ 	a->follow_symlinks = follow_symlinks;
+@@ -778,7 +778,8 @@
+ 	 */
+ 	if (t->current_sparse->offset > t->entry_total) {
+ 		if (lseek(t->entry_fd,
+-		    (off_t)t->current_sparse->offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
++		    (off_t)t->current_sparse->offset, SEEK_SET) !=
++		    t->current_sparse->offset) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive, errno, "Seek error");
+ 			r = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
+ 			a->archive.state = ARCHIVE_STATE_FATAL;
+@@ -2180,7 +2181,7 @@
+  * Open a directory tree for traversal.
+  */
+ static struct tree *
+-tree_open(const char *path, int symlink_mode, int restore_time)
++tree_open(const char *path, char symlink_mode, int restore_time)
+ {
+ 	struct tree *t;
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_disk_private.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_disk_private.h
+@@ -52,10 +52,11 @@
+ 
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Since symlink interaction changes, we need to track whether
+-	 * we're following symlinks for the current item.  'L' mode above
+-	 * sets this true, 'P' sets it false, 'H' changes it as we traverse.
++	 * we're following symlinks for the current item, governed by the above
++	 * symlink_mode.  'L' sets this true, 'P' sets it false, 'H' changes it
++	 * as we traverse.
+ 	 */
+-	char	follow_symlinks;  /* Either 'L' or 'P'. */
++	char	follow_symlinks;  /* Either 0 or 1. */
+ 
+ 	/* Directory traversals. */
+ 	struct tree *tree;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_format.3.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_format.3
+@@ -37,8 +37,10 @@
+ .Nm archive_read_support_format_lha ,
+ .Nm archive_read_support_format_mtree ,
+ .Nm archive_read_support_format_rar ,
++.Nm archive_read_support_format_rar5 ,
+ .Nm archive_read_support_format_raw ,
+ .Nm archive_read_support_format_tar ,
++.Nm archive_read_support_format_warc ,
+ .Nm archive_read_support_format_xar ,
+ .Nm archive_read_support_format_zip
+ .Nd functions for reading streaming archives
+@@ -70,10 +72,14 @@
+ .Ft int
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_rar "struct archive *"
+ .Ft int
++.Fn archive_read_support_format_rar5 "struct archive *"
++.Ft int
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_raw "struct archive *"
+ .Ft int
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_tar "struct archive *"
+ .Ft int
++.Fn archive_read_support_format_warc "struct archive *"
++.Ft int
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_xar "struct archive *"
+ .Ft int
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_zip "struct archive *"
+@@ -89,8 +95,10 @@
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_lha ,
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_mtree ,
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_rar ,
++.Fn archive_read_support_format_rar5 ,
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_raw ,
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_tar ,
++.Fn archive_read_support_format_warc ,
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_xar ,
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_zip
+ .Xc
+@@ -100,6 +108,13 @@
+ .Fn archive_read_support_format_tar
+ enables support for a variety of standard tar formats, old-style tar,
+ ustar, pax interchange format, and many common variants.
++.Fn archive_read_support_format_zip
++enables support for both the streaming and the seeking zip readers,
++which can separately be enabled by respectively
++.Fn archive_read_support_format_zip_streamable
++and
++.Fn archive_read_support_format_zip_seekable
++.
+ .It Fn archive_read_support_format_all
+ Enables support for all available formats except the
+ .Dq raw
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_open_fd.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_open_fd.c
+@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
+ struct read_fd_data {
+ 	int	 fd;
+ 	size_t	 block_size;
++	int64_t	 size;
+ 	char	 use_lseek;
+ 	void	*buffer;
+ };
+@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@
+ 	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+ 		archive_read_extract_set_skip_file(a, st.st_dev, st.st_ino);
+ 		mine->use_lseek = 1;
++		mine->size = st.st_size;
+ 	}
+ #if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(_WIN32)
+ 	setmode(mine->fd, O_BINARY);
+@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@
+ file_skip(struct archive *a, void *client_data, int64_t request)
+ {
+ 	struct read_fd_data *mine = (struct read_fd_data *)client_data;
+-	int64_t skip = request;
++	off_t skip = (off_t)request;
+ 	int64_t old_offset, new_offset;
+ 	int skip_bits = sizeof(skip) * 8 - 1;  /* off_t is a signed type. */
+ 
+@@ -140,20 +142,25 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Reduce a request that would overflow the 'skip' variable. */
+ 	if (sizeof(request) > sizeof(skip)) {
+-		int64_t max_skip =
++		const int64_t max_skip =
+ 		    (((int64_t)1 << (skip_bits - 1)) - 1) * 2 + 1;
+ 		if (request > max_skip)
+-			skip = max_skip;
++			skip = (off_t)max_skip;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	/* Reduce request to the next smallest multiple of block_size */
+-	request = (request / mine->block_size) * mine->block_size;
+-	if (request == 0)
++	/* Reduce 'skip' to the next smallest multiple of block_size */
++	skip = (off_t)(((int64_t)skip / mine->block_size) * mine->block_size);
++	if (skip == 0)
+ 		return (0);
+ 
+-	if (((old_offset = lseek(mine->fd, 0, SEEK_CUR)) >= 0) &&
+-	    ((new_offset = lseek(mine->fd, skip, SEEK_CUR)) >= 0))
+-		return (new_offset - old_offset);
++	if ((old_offset = lseek(mine->fd, 0, SEEK_CUR)) >= 0) {
++		if (old_offset >= mine->size ||
++		    skip > mine->size - old_offset) {
++			/* Do not seek past end of file. */
++			errno = ESPIPE;
++		} else if ((new_offset = lseek(mine->fd, skip, SEEK_CUR)) >= 0)
++			return (new_offset - old_offset);
++	}
+ 
+ 	/* If seek failed once, it will probably fail again. */
+ 	mine->use_lseek = 0;
+@@ -178,11 +185,24 @@
+ file_seek(struct archive *a, void *client_data, int64_t request, int whence)
+ {
+ 	struct read_fd_data *mine = (struct read_fd_data *)client_data;
++	off_t seek = (off_t)request;
+ 	int64_t r;
++	int seek_bits = sizeof(seek) * 8 - 1;  /* off_t is a signed type. */
+ 
+ 	/* We use off_t here because lseek() is declared that way. */
+-	/* See above for notes about when off_t is less than 64 bits. */
+-	r = lseek(mine->fd, request, whence);
++
++	/* Reduce a request that would overflow the 'seek' variable. */
++	if (sizeof(request) > sizeof(seek)) {
++		const int64_t max_seek =
++		    (((int64_t)1 << (seek_bits - 1)) - 1) * 2 + 1;
++		const int64_t min_seek = ~max_seek;
++		if (request > max_seek)
++			seek = (off_t)max_seek;
++		else if (request < min_seek)
++			seek = (off_t)min_seek;
++	}
++
++	r = lseek(mine->fd, seek, whence);
+ 	if (r >= 0)
+ 		return r;
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_open_file.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_open_file.c
+@@ -52,13 +52,15 @@
+ struct read_FILE_data {
+ 	FILE    *f;
+ 	size_t	 block_size;
++	int64_t	 size;
+ 	void	*buffer;
+ 	char	 can_skip;
+ };
+ 
+-static int	file_close(struct archive *, void *);
+-static ssize_t	file_read(struct archive *, void *, const void **buff);
+-static int64_t	file_skip(struct archive *, void *, int64_t request);
++static int	FILE_close(struct archive *, void *);
++static ssize_t	FILE_read(struct archive *, void *, const void **buff);
++static int64_t	FILE_seek(struct archive *, void *, int64_t, int);
++static int64_t	FILE_skip(struct archive *, void *, int64_t);
+ 
+ int
+ archive_read_open_FILE(struct archive *a, FILE *f)
+@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@
+ 	void *b;
+ 
+ 	archive_clear_error(a);
+-	mine = malloc(sizeof(*mine));
++	mine = calloc(1, sizeof(*mine));
+ 	b = malloc(block_size);
+ 	if (mine == NULL || b == NULL) {
+ 		archive_set_error(a, ENOMEM, "No memory");
+@@ -90,22 +92,23 @@
+ 		archive_read_extract_set_skip_file(a, st.st_dev, st.st_ino);
+ 		/* Enable the seek optimization only for regular files. */
+ 		mine->can_skip = 1;
+-	} else
+-		mine->can_skip = 0;
++		mine->size = st.st_size;
++	}
+ 
+ #if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(_WIN32)
+ 	setmode(fileno(mine->f), O_BINARY);
+ #endif
+ 
+-	archive_read_set_read_callback(a, file_read);
+-	archive_read_set_skip_callback(a, file_skip);
+-	archive_read_set_close_callback(a, file_close);
++	archive_read_set_read_callback(a, FILE_read);
++	archive_read_set_skip_callback(a, FILE_skip);
++	archive_read_set_seek_callback(a, FILE_seek);
++	archive_read_set_close_callback(a, FILE_close);
+ 	archive_read_set_callback_data(a, mine);
+ 	return (archive_read_open1(a));
+ }
+ 
+ static ssize_t
+-file_read(struct archive *a, void *client_data, const void **buff)
++FILE_read(struct archive *a, void *client_data, const void **buff)
+ {
+ 	struct read_FILE_data *mine = (struct read_FILE_data *)client_data;
+ 	size_t bytes_read;
+@@ -119,16 +122,17 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int64_t
+-file_skip(struct archive *a, void *client_data, int64_t request)
++FILE_skip(struct archive *a, void *client_data, int64_t request)
+ {
+ 	struct read_FILE_data *mine = (struct read_FILE_data *)client_data;
+-#if HAVE_FSEEKO
+-	off_t skip = (off_t)request;
+-#elif HAVE__FSEEKI64
++#if HAVE__FSEEKI64
+ 	int64_t skip = request;
++#elif HAVE_FSEEKO
++	off_t skip = (off_t)request;
+ #else
+ 	long skip = (long)request;
+ #endif
++	int64_t old_offset, new_offset = -1;
+ 	int skip_bits = sizeof(skip) * 8 - 1;
+ 
+ 	(void)a; /* UNUSED */
+@@ -144,7 +148,7 @@
+ 
+ 	/* If request is too big for a long or an off_t, reduce it. */
+ 	if (sizeof(request) > sizeof(skip)) {
+-		int64_t max_skip =
++		const int64_t max_skip =
+ 		    (((int64_t)1 << (skip_bits - 1)) - 1) * 2 + 1;
+ 		if (request > max_skip)
+ 			skip = max_skip;
+@@ -152,23 +156,92 @@
+ 
+ #ifdef __ANDROID__
+         /* fileno() isn't safe on all platforms ... see above. */
+-	if (lseek(fileno(mine->f), skip, SEEK_CUR) < 0)
++	old_offset = lseek(fileno(mine->f), 0, SEEK_CUR);
+ #elif HAVE__FSEEKI64
+-	if (_fseeki64(mine->f, skip, SEEK_CUR) != 0)
++	old_offset = _ftelli64(mine->f);
+ #elif HAVE_FSEEKO
+-	if (fseeko(mine->f, skip, SEEK_CUR) != 0)
++	old_offset = ftello(mine->f);
+ #else
+-	if (fseek(mine->f, skip, SEEK_CUR) != 0)
++	old_offset = ftell(mine->f);
+ #endif
+-	{
+-		mine->can_skip = 0;
+-		return (0);
++	if (old_offset >= 0) {
++		if (old_offset < mine->size &&
++		    skip <= mine->size - old_offset) {
++#ifdef __ANDROID__
++			new_offset = lseek(fileno(mine->f), skip, SEEK_CUR);
++#elif HAVE__FSEEKI64
++			if (_fseeki64(mine->f, skip, SEEK_CUR) == 0)
++				new_offset = _ftelli64(mine->f);
++#elif HAVE_FSEEKO
++			if (fseeko(mine->f, skip, SEEK_CUR) == 0)
++				new_offset = ftello(mine->f);
++#else
++			if (fseek(mine->f, skip, SEEK_CUR) == 0)
++				new_offset = ftell(mine->f);
++#endif
++			if (new_offset >= 0)
++				return (new_offset - old_offset);
++		}
++	}
++
++	mine->can_skip = 0;
++	return (0);
++}
++
++/*
++ * TODO: Store the offset and use it in the read callback.
++ */
++static int64_t
++FILE_seek(struct archive *a, void *client_data, int64_t request, int whence)
++{
++	struct read_FILE_data *mine = (struct read_FILE_data *)client_data;
++#if HAVE__FSEEKI64
++	int64_t seek = request;
++#elif HAVE_FSEEKO
++	off_t seek = (off_t)request;
++#else
++	long seek = (long)request;
++#endif
++	int seek_bits = sizeof(seek) * 8 - 1;
++	(void)a; /* UNUSED */
++
++	/* Reduce a request that would overflow the 'seek' variable. */
++	if (sizeof(request) > sizeof(seek)) {
++		const int64_t max_seek =
++		    (((int64_t)1 << (seek_bits - 1)) - 1) * 2 + 1;
++		const int64_t min_seek = ~max_seek;
++		if (request > max_seek)
++			seek = max_seek;
++		else if (request < min_seek)
++			seek = min_seek;
+ 	}
+-	return (request);
++
++#ifdef __ANDROID__
++	/* Newer Android versions have fseeko...to meditate. */
++	int64_t ret = lseek(fileno(mine->f), seek, whence);
++	if (ret >= 0) {
++		return ret;
++	}
++#elif HAVE__FSEEKI64
++	if (_fseeki64(mine->f, seek, whence) == 0) {
++		return _ftelli64(mine->f);
++	}
++#elif HAVE_FSEEKO
++	if (fseeko(mine->f, seek, whence) == 0) {
++		return ftello(mine->f);
++	}
++#else
++	if (fseek(mine->f, seek, whence) == 0) {
++		return ftell(mine->f);
++	}
++#endif
++	/* If we arrive here, the input is corrupted or truncated so fail. */
++	archive_set_error(a, errno, "Error seeking in FILE* pointer");
++	return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-file_close(struct archive *a, void *client_data)
++FILE_close(struct archive *a, void *client_data)
+ {
+ 	struct read_FILE_data *mine = (struct read_FILE_data *)client_data;
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_open_filename.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_open_filename.c
+@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
+ 	size_t	 block_size;
+ 	void	*buffer;
+ 	mode_t	 st_mode;  /* Mode bits for opened file. */
++	int64_t	 size;
+ 	char	 use_lseek;
+ 	enum fnt_e { FNT_STDIN, FNT_MBS, FNT_WCS } filename_type;
+ 	union {
+@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@
+ 		}
+ 		if (fd < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(a, errno,
+-			    "Failed to open '%S'", wfilename);
++			    "Failed to open '%ls'", wfilename);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ #else
+@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@
+ 	if (fstat(fd, &st) != 0) {
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 		if (mine->filename_type == FNT_WCS)
+-			archive_set_error(a, errno, "Can't stat '%S'",
++			archive_set_error(a, errno, "Can't stat '%ls'",
+ 			    wfilename);
+ 		else
+ #endif
+@@ -400,8 +401,10 @@
+ 	mine->st_mode = st.st_mode;
+ 
+ 	/* Disk-like inputs can use lseek(). */
+-	if (is_disk_like)
++	if (is_disk_like) {
+ 		mine->use_lseek = 1;
++		mine->size = st.st_size;
++	}
+ 
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ fail:
+@@ -447,7 +450,7 @@
+ 				    "Error reading '%s'", mine->filename.m);
+ 			else
+ 				archive_set_error(a, errno,
+-				    "Error reading '%S'", mine->filename.w);
++				    "Error reading '%ls'", mine->filename.w);
+ 		}
+ 		return (bytes_read);
+ 	}
+@@ -479,21 +482,30 @@
+ 	struct read_file_data *mine = (struct read_file_data *)client_data;
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	/* We use _lseeki64() on Windows. */
+-	int64_t old_offset, new_offset;
++	int64_t old_offset, new_offset, skip = request;
+ #else
+-	off_t old_offset, new_offset;
++	off_t old_offset, new_offset, skip = (off_t)request;
+ #endif
++	int skip_bits = sizeof(skip) * 8 - 1;
+ 
+ 	/* We use off_t here because lseek() is declared that way. */
+ 
+-	/* TODO: Deal with case where off_t isn't 64 bits.
+-	 * This shouldn't be a problem on Linux or other POSIX
+-	 * systems, since the configuration logic for libarchive
+-	 * tries to obtain a 64-bit off_t.
+-	 */
+-	if ((old_offset = lseek(mine->fd, 0, SEEK_CUR)) >= 0 &&
+-	    (new_offset = lseek(mine->fd, request, SEEK_CUR)) >= 0)
+-		return (new_offset - old_offset);
++	/* Reduce a request that would overflow the 'skip' variable. */
++	if (sizeof(request) > sizeof(skip)) {
++		const int64_t max_skip =
++		    (((int64_t)1 << (skip_bits - 1)) - 1) * 2 + 1;
++		if (request > max_skip)
++			skip = max_skip;
++	}
++
++	if ((old_offset = lseek(mine->fd, 0, SEEK_CUR)) >= 0) {
++		if (old_offset >= mine->size ||
++		    skip > mine->size - old_offset) {
++			/* Do not seek past end of file. */
++			errno = ESPIPE;
++		} else if ((new_offset = lseek(mine->fd, skip, SEEK_CUR)) >= 0)
++			return (new_offset - old_offset);
++	}
+ 
+ 	/* If lseek() fails, don't bother trying again. */
+ 	mine->use_lseek = 0;
+@@ -509,7 +521,7 @@
+ 		archive_set_error(a, errno, "Error seeking in '%s'",
+ 		    mine->filename.m);
+ 	else
+-		archive_set_error(a, errno, "Error seeking in '%S'",
++		archive_set_error(a, errno, "Error seeking in '%ls'",
+ 		    mine->filename.w);
+ 	return (-1);
+ }
+@@ -540,11 +552,24 @@
+ file_seek(struct archive *a, void *client_data, int64_t request, int whence)
+ {
+ 	struct read_file_data *mine = (struct read_file_data *)client_data;
++	off_t seek = (off_t)request;
+ 	int64_t r;
++	int seek_bits = sizeof(seek) * 8 - 1;
+ 
+ 	/* We use off_t here because lseek() is declared that way. */
+-	/* See above for notes about when off_t is less than 64 bits. */
+-	r = lseek(mine->fd, request, whence);
++
++	/* Reduce a request that would overflow the 'seek' variable. */
++	if (sizeof(request) > sizeof(seek)) {
++		const int64_t max_seek =
++		    (((int64_t)1 << (seek_bits - 1)) - 1) * 2 + 1;
++		const int64_t min_seek = ~max_seek;
++		if (request > max_seek)
++			seek = (off_t)max_seek;
++		else if (request < min_seek)
++			seek = (off_t)min_seek;
++	}
++
++	r = lseek(mine->fd, seek, whence);
+ 	if (r >= 0)
+ 		return r;
+ 
+@@ -555,7 +580,7 @@
+ 		archive_set_error(a, errno, "Error seeking in '%s'",
+ 		    mine->filename.m);
+ 	else
+-		archive_set_error(a, errno, "Error seeking in '%S'",
++		archive_set_error(a, errno, "Error seeking in '%ls'",
+ 		    mine->filename.w);
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ }
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_filter_by_code.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_filter_by_code.c
+@@ -37,46 +37,32 @@
+ 	switch (filter_code) {
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_NONE:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_none(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_GZIP:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_gzip(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_BZIP2:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_bzip2(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_COMPRESS:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_compress(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_LZMA:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_lzma(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_XZ:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_xz(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_UU:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_uu(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_RPM:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_rpm(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_LZIP:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_lzip(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_LRZIP:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_lrzip(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_LZOP:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_lzop(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_GRZIP:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_grzip(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_LZ4:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_lz4(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FILTER_ZSTD:
+ 		return archive_read_support_filter_zstd(a);
+-		break;
+ 	}
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ }
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_filter_compress.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_filter_compress.c
+@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@
+ 	static int debug_buff[1024];
+ 	static unsigned debug_index;
+ 
++again:
+ 	code = newcode = getbits(self, state->bits);
+ 	if (code < 0)
+ 		return (code);
+@@ -360,7 +361,7 @@
+ 		state->section_end_code = (1 << state->bits) - 1;
+ 		state->free_ent = 257;
+ 		state->oldcode = -1;
+-		return (next_code(self));
++		goto again;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	if (code > state->free_ent
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_filter_lz4.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_filter_lz4.c
+@@ -323,7 +323,6 @@
+ 		archive_set_error(&self->archive->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC, "Program error.");
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-		break;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	while (state->stage == SELECT_STREAM) {
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_7zip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_7zip.c
+@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@
+ #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
+ #include <errno.h>
+ #endif
++#if HAVE_STDINT_H
++#include <stdint.h>
++#endif
+ #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
+ #include <stdlib.h>
+ #endif
+@@ -50,6 +53,7 @@
+ #include "archive_ppmd7_private.h"
+ #include "archive_private.h"
+ #include "archive_read_private.h"
++#include "archive_time_private.h"
+ #include "archive_endian.h"
+ 
+ #ifndef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+@@ -59,7 +63,26 @@
+ #define _7ZIP_SIGNATURE	"7z\xBC\xAF\x27\x1C"
+ #define SFX_MIN_ADDR	0x27000
+ #define SFX_MAX_ADDR	0x60000
++#define SFX_MAX_OFFSET	(SFX_MAX_ADDR - SFX_MIN_ADDR)
+ 
++/*
++ * PE format
++ */
++#define PE_DOS_HDR_LEN				0x40
++#define PE_DOS_HDR_ELFANEW_OFFSET	0x3c
++#define PE_COFF_HDR_LEN				0x18
++#define PE_COFF_HDR_SEC_CNT_OFFSET	0x6
++#define PE_COFF_HDR_OPT_SZ_OFFSET	0x14
++#define PE_SEC_HDR_LEN 				0x28
++#define PE_SEC_HDR_RAW_ADDR_OFFSET	0x14
++#define PE_SEC_HDR_RAW_SZ_OFFSET	0x10
++
++/*
++ * ELF format
++ */
++#define ELF_HDR_MIN_LEN 0x34
++#define ELF_HDR_EI_CLASS_OFFSET 0x04
++#define ELF_HDR_EI_DATA_OFFSET 0x05
+ 
+ /*
+  * Codec ID
+@@ -83,6 +106,7 @@
+ #define _7Z_ARM		0x03030501
+ #define _7Z_ARMTHUMB	0x03030701
+ #define _7Z_ARM64	0xa
++#define _7Z_RISCV	0xb
+ #define _7Z_SPARC	0x03030805
+ 
+ #define _7Z_ZSTD	0x4F71101 /* Copied from https://github.com/mcmilk/7-Zip-zstd.git */
+@@ -144,7 +168,6 @@
+ 	uint32_t	*digests;
+ };
+ 
+-
+ struct _7z_folder {
+ 	uint64_t		 numCoders;
+ 	struct _7z_coder {
+@@ -224,13 +247,13 @@
+ #define CRC32_IS_SET	(1<<3)
+ #define HAS_STREAM	(1<<4)
+ 
+-	time_t			 mtime;
+-	time_t			 atime;
+-	time_t			 ctime;
+-	long			 mtime_ns;
+-	long			 atime_ns;
+-	long			 ctime_ns;
+-	uint32_t		 mode;
++	int64_t			 mtime;
++	int64_t			 atime;
++	int64_t			 ctime;
++	uint32_t		 mtime_ns;
++	uint32_t		 atime_ns;
++	uint32_t		 ctime_ns;
++	__LA_MODE_T		 mode;
+ 	uint32_t		 attr;
+ };
+ 
+@@ -388,7 +411,6 @@
+ static int	decompress(struct archive_read *, struct _7zip *,
+ 		    void *, size_t *, const void *, size_t *);
+ static ssize_t	extract_pack_stream(struct archive_read *, size_t);
+-static void	fileTimeToUtc(uint64_t, time_t *, long *);
+ static uint64_t folder_uncompressed_size(struct _7z_folder *);
+ static void	free_CodersInfo(struct _7z_coders_info *);
+ static void	free_Digest(struct _7z_digests *);
+@@ -424,7 +446,9 @@
+ 		    size_t);
+ static int	seek_pack(struct archive_read *);
+ static int64_t	skip_stream(struct archive_read *, size_t);
+-static int	skip_sfx(struct archive_read *, ssize_t);
++static int	skip_sfx(struct archive_read *, const ssize_t);
++static ssize_t	find_pe_overlay(struct archive_read *);
++static ssize_t	find_elf_data_sec(struct archive_read *);
+ static int	slurp_central_directory(struct archive_read *, struct _7zip *,
+ 		    struct _7z_header_info *);
+ static int	setup_decode_folder(struct archive_read *, struct _7z_folder *,
+@@ -435,6 +459,8 @@
+ static size_t	arm_Convert(struct _7zip *, uint8_t *, size_t);
+ static size_t	arm64_Convert(struct _7zip *, uint8_t *, size_t);
+ static ssize_t		Bcj2_Decode(struct _7zip *, uint8_t *, size_t);
++static size_t	sparc_Convert(struct _7zip *, uint8_t *, size_t);
++static size_t	powerpc_Convert(struct _7zip *, uint8_t *, size_t);
+ 
+ 
+ int
+@@ -522,15 +548,17 @@
+ 	 * It may a 7-Zip SFX archive file. If first two bytes are
+ 	 * 'M' and 'Z' available on Windows or first four bytes are
+ 	 * "\x7F\x45LF" available on posix like system, seek the 7-Zip
+-	 * signature. Although we will perform a seek when reading
+-	 * a header, what we do not use __archive_read_seek() here is
+-	 * due to a bidding performance.
++	 * signature. While find_pe_overlay can be performed without
++	 * performing a seek, find_elf_data_sec requires one,
++	 * thus a performance difference between the two is expected. 
+ 	 */
+ 	if ((p[0] == 'M' && p[1] == 'Z') || memcmp(p, "\x7F\x45LF", 4) == 0) {
+-		ssize_t offset = SFX_MIN_ADDR;
++		const ssize_t min_addr = p[0] == 'M' ? find_pe_overlay(a) :
++						       find_elf_data_sec(a);
++		ssize_t offset = min_addr;
+ 		ssize_t window = 4096;
+ 		ssize_t bytes_avail;
+-		while (offset + window <= (SFX_MAX_ADDR)) {
++		while (offset + window <= (min_addr + SFX_MAX_OFFSET)) {
+ 			const char *buff = __archive_read_ahead(a,
+ 					offset + window, &bytes_avail);
+ 			if (buff == NULL) {
+@@ -580,21 +608,14 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-skip_sfx(struct archive_read *a, ssize_t bytes_avail)
++skip_sfx(struct archive_read *a, const ssize_t min_addr)
+ {
+ 	const void *h;
+ 	const char *p, *q;
+ 	size_t skip, offset;
+ 	ssize_t bytes, window;
+ 
+-	/*
+-	 * If bytes_avail > SFX_MIN_ADDR we do not have to call
+-	 * __archive_read_seek() at this time since we have
+-	 * already had enough data.
+-	 */
+-	if (bytes_avail > SFX_MIN_ADDR)
+-		__archive_read_consume(a, SFX_MIN_ADDR);
+-	else if (__archive_read_seek(a, SFX_MIN_ADDR, SEEK_SET) < 0)
++	if (__archive_read_seek(a, min_addr, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 
+ 	offset = 0;
+@@ -627,7 +648,7 @@
+ 				    (struct _7zip *)a->format->data;
+ 				skip = p - (const char *)h;
+ 				__archive_read_consume(a, skip);
+-				zip->seek_base = SFX_MIN_ADDR + offset + skip;
++				zip->seek_base = min_addr + offset + skip;
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ 			}
+ 			p += step;
+@@ -644,6 +665,207 @@
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ }
+ 
++static ssize_t
++find_pe_overlay(struct archive_read *a)
++{
++	const char *h;
++	ssize_t bytes, max_offset, offset, sec_end;
++	ssize_t opt_hdr_sz, sec_cnt;
++
++	for (;;) {
++		/*
++		 * Read Dos header to find e_lfanew
++		 */
++		h = __archive_read_ahead(a, PE_DOS_HDR_LEN, &bytes);
++		if (h == NULL || h[0] != 'M' || h[1] != 'Z') {
++			break;
++		}
++		offset = archive_le32dec(h + PE_DOS_HDR_ELFANEW_OFFSET);
++
++		/*
++		 * Read COFF header to find opt header size and sec cnt
++		 */
++		if (bytes < offset + PE_COFF_HDR_LEN) {
++			h = __archive_read_ahead(a, offset + PE_COFF_HDR_LEN,
++			    &bytes);
++			if (h == NULL || h[offset] != 'P' ||
++			    h[offset + 1] != 'E') {
++				break;
++			}
++		}
++		sec_cnt = archive_le16dec(
++		    h + offset + PE_COFF_HDR_SEC_CNT_OFFSET);
++		opt_hdr_sz = archive_le16dec(
++		    h + offset + PE_COFF_HDR_OPT_SZ_OFFSET);
++
++		/*
++		 * Skip optional header
++		 */
++		if (opt_hdr_sz != 0) {
++			offset += PE_COFF_HDR_LEN + opt_hdr_sz;
++		} else {
++			break;
++		}
++
++		/*
++		 * Traverse sec table to find max raw offset (i.e., overlay)
++		 */
++		if (bytes < offset + sec_cnt * PE_SEC_HDR_LEN) {
++			h = __archive_read_ahead(a,
++			    offset + sec_cnt * PE_SEC_HDR_LEN, NULL);
++			if (h == NULL) {
++				break;
++			}
++		}
++		max_offset = offset;
++		while (sec_cnt > 0) {
++			sec_end = archive_le32dec(
++				      h + offset + PE_SEC_HDR_RAW_SZ_OFFSET) +
++			    archive_le32dec(
++				h + offset + PE_SEC_HDR_RAW_ADDR_OFFSET);
++			if (sec_end > max_offset) {
++				max_offset = sec_end;
++			}
++			offset += PE_SEC_HDR_LEN;
++			sec_cnt--;
++		}
++		return (max_offset);
++	}
++
++	/*
++	 * If encounter any weirdness, revert to old brute-force style search
++	 */
++	return (SFX_MIN_ADDR);
++}
++
++static ssize_t
++find_elf_data_sec(struct archive_read *a)
++{
++	const char *h;
++	char big_endian, format_64;
++	ssize_t bytes, min_addr = SFX_MIN_ADDR;
++	uint64_t e_shoff, strtab_offset, strtab_size;
++	uint16_t e_shentsize, e_shnum, e_shstrndx;
++	uint16_t (*dec16)(const void *);
++	uint32_t (*dec32)(const void *);
++	uint64_t (*dec64)(const void *);
++
++	for (;;) {
++		/*
++		 * Read Elf header to find bitness & endianness
++		 */
++		h = __archive_read_ahead(a, ELF_HDR_MIN_LEN, &bytes);
++		if (h == NULL || memcmp(h, "\x7F\x45LF", 4) != 0) {
++			break;
++		}
++		format_64 = h[ELF_HDR_EI_CLASS_OFFSET] == 0x2;
++		big_endian = h[ELF_HDR_EI_DATA_OFFSET] == 0x2;
++		if (big_endian) {
++			dec16 = &archive_be16dec;
++			dec32 = &archive_be32dec;
++			dec64 = &archive_be64dec;
++		} else {
++			dec16 = &archive_le16dec;
++			dec32 = &archive_le32dec;
++			dec64 = &archive_le64dec;
++		}
++
++		/*
++		 * Read section header table info
++		 */
++		if (format_64) {
++			e_shoff = (*dec64)(h + 0x28);
++			e_shentsize = (*dec16)(h + 0x3A);
++			e_shnum = (*dec16)(h + 0x3C);
++			e_shstrndx = (*dec16)(h + 0x3E);
++			if (e_shnum < e_shstrndx || e_shentsize < 0x28)
++				break;
++
++		} else {
++			e_shoff = (*dec32)(h + 0x20);
++			e_shentsize = (*dec16)(h + 0x2E);
++			e_shnum = (*dec16)(h + 0x30);
++			e_shstrndx = (*dec16)(h + 0x32);
++			if (e_shnum < e_shstrndx || e_shentsize < 0x18)
++				break;
++		}
++
++		/*
++		 * Reading the section table to find strtab section
++		 */
++		if (__archive_read_seek(a, e_shoff, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
++			break;
++		}
++		h = __archive_read_ahead(a, (size_t)e_shnum * (size_t)e_shentsize, NULL);
++		if (h == NULL) {
++			break;
++		}
++		if (format_64) {
++			strtab_offset = (*dec64)(
++			    h + e_shstrndx * e_shentsize + 0x18);
++			strtab_size = (*dec64)(
++			    h + e_shstrndx * e_shentsize + 0x20);
++		} else {
++			strtab_offset = (*dec32)(
++			    h + e_shstrndx * e_shentsize + 0x10);
++			strtab_size = (*dec32)(
++			    h + e_shstrndx * e_shentsize + 0x14);
++		}
++
++		/*
++		 * Read the STRTAB section to find the .data offset
++		 */
++		if (__archive_read_seek(a, strtab_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
++			break;
++		}
++		h = __archive_read_ahead(a, strtab_size, NULL);
++		if (h == NULL) {
++			break;
++		}
++		ssize_t data_sym_offset = -1;
++		for (size_t offset = 0; offset < strtab_size - 6; offset++) {
++			if (memcmp(h + offset, ".data\00", 6) == 0) {
++				data_sym_offset = offset;
++				break;
++			}
++		}
++		if (data_sym_offset == -1) {
++			break;
++		}
++
++		/*
++		 * Find the section with the .data name
++		 */
++		if (__archive_read_seek(a, e_shoff, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
++			break;
++		}
++		h = __archive_read_ahead(a, (size_t)e_shnum * (size_t)e_shentsize, NULL);
++		if (h == NULL) {
++			break;
++		}
++		ssize_t sec_tbl_offset = 0, name_offset;
++		while (e_shnum > 0) {
++			name_offset = (*dec32)(h + sec_tbl_offset);
++			if (name_offset == data_sym_offset) {
++				if (format_64) {
++					min_addr = (*dec64)(
++					    h + sec_tbl_offset + 0x18);
++				} else {
++					min_addr = (*dec32)(
++					    h + sec_tbl_offset + 0x10);
++				}
++				break;
++			}
++			sec_tbl_offset += e_shentsize;
++			e_shnum--;
++		}
++		break;
++	}
++
++	__archive_read_seek(a, 0, SEEK_SET);
++	return (min_addr);
++}
++
+ static int
+ archive_read_format_7zip_read_header(struct archive_read *a,
+ 	struct archive_entry *entry)
+@@ -770,7 +992,7 @@
+ 		/* allocate for ",rdonly,hidden,system" */
+ 		fflags_text = malloc(22 * sizeof(*fflags_text));
+ 		if (fflags_text != NULL) {
+-			ptr = fflags_text; 
++			ptr = fflags_text;
+ 			if (zip_entry->attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) {
+ 				strcpy(ptr, ",rdonly");
+ 				ptr = ptr + 7;
+@@ -1109,7 +1331,9 @@
+ 			if (coder2->codec != _7Z_X86 &&
+ 			    coder2->codec != _7Z_X86_BCJ2 &&
+ 			    coder2->codec != _7Z_ARM &&
+-			    coder2->codec != _7Z_ARM64) {
++			    coder2->codec != _7Z_ARM64 &&
++			    coder2->codec != _7Z_POWERPC &&
++			    coder2->codec != _7Z_SPARC) {
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+ 				    "Unsupported filter %lx for %lx",
+@@ -1223,6 +1447,12 @@
+ 				filters[fi].id = LZMA_FILTER_ARM64;
+ 				fi++;
+ 				break;
++#endif
++#ifdef LZMA_FILTER_RISCV
++			case _7Z_RISCV:
++				filters[fi].id = LZMA_FILTER_RISCV;
++				fi++;
++				break;
+ #endif
+ 			case _7Z_SPARC:
+ 				filters[fi].id = LZMA_FILTER_SPARC;
+@@ -1396,6 +1626,7 @@
+ 	case _7Z_ARM:
+ 	case _7Z_ARMTHUMB:
+ 	case _7Z_ARM64:
++	case _7Z_RISCV:
+ 	case _7Z_SPARC:
+ 	case _7Z_DELTA:
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+@@ -1708,6 +1939,10 @@
+ 			*outbytes = arm_Convert(zip, buff, *outbytes);
+ 		} else if (zip->codec2 == _7Z_ARM64) {
+ 			*outbytes = arm64_Convert(zip, buff, *outbytes);
++		} else if (zip->codec2 == _7Z_SPARC) {
++			*outbytes = sparc_Convert(zip, buff, *outbytes);
++		} else if (zip->codec2 == _7Z_POWERPC) {
++			*outbytes = powerpc_Convert(zip, buff, *outbytes);
+ 		}
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -2841,23 +3076,6 @@
+ 	return (0);
+ }
+ 
+-#define EPOC_TIME ARCHIVE_LITERAL_ULL(116444736000000000)
+-static void
+-fileTimeToUtc(uint64_t fileTime, time_t *timep, long *ns)
+-{
+-
+-	if (fileTime >= EPOC_TIME) {
+-		fileTime -= EPOC_TIME;
+-		/* milli seconds base */
+-		*timep = (time_t)(fileTime / 10000000);
+-		/* nano seconds base */
+-		*ns = (long)(fileTime % 10000000) * 100;
+-	} else {
+-		*timep = 0;
+-		*ns = 0;
+-	}
+-}
+-
+ static int
+ read_Times(struct archive_read *a, struct _7z_header_info *h, int type)
+ {
+@@ -2900,19 +3118,19 @@
+ 			goto failed;
+ 		switch (type) {
+ 		case kCTime:
+-			fileTimeToUtc(archive_le64dec(p),
++			ntfs_to_unix(archive_le64dec(p),
+ 			    &(entries[i].ctime),
+ 			    &(entries[i].ctime_ns));
+ 			entries[i].flg |= CTIME_IS_SET;
+ 			break;
+ 		case kATime:
+-			fileTimeToUtc(archive_le64dec(p),
++			ntfs_to_unix(archive_le64dec(p),
+ 			    &(entries[i].atime),
+ 			    &(entries[i].atime_ns));
+ 			entries[i].flg |= ATIME_IS_SET;
+ 			break;
+ 		case kMTime:
+-			fileTimeToUtc(archive_le64dec(p),
++			ntfs_to_unix(archive_le64dec(p),
+ 			    &(entries[i].mtime),
+ 			    &(entries[i].mtime_ns));
+ 			entries[i].flg |= MTIME_IS_SET;
+@@ -3007,7 +3225,9 @@
+ 
+ 	if ((p[0] == 'M' && p[1] == 'Z') || memcmp(p, "\x7F\x45LF", 4) == 0) {
+ 		/* This is an executable ? Must be self-extracting... */
+-		r = skip_sfx(a, bytes_avail);
++		const ssize_t min_addr = p[0] == 'M' ? find_pe_overlay(a) :
++						       find_elf_data_sec(a);
++		r = skip_sfx(a, min_addr);
+ 		if (r < ARCHIVE_WARN)
+ 			return (r);
+ 		if ((p = __archive_read_ahead(a, 32, &bytes_avail)) == NULL)
+@@ -4007,6 +4227,121 @@
+ 	return i;
+ }
+ 
++static size_t
++sparc_Convert(struct _7zip *zip, uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
++{
++	// This function was adapted from
++	// static size_t bcj_sparc(struct xz_dec_bcj *s, uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
++	// in https://git.tukaani.org/xz-embedded.git
++
++	/*
++	 * Branch/Call/Jump (BCJ) filter decoders
++	 *
++	 * Authors: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
++	 *          Igor Pavlov <https://7-zip.org/>
++	 *
++	 * Copyright (C) The XZ Embedded authors and contributors
++	 *
++	 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this
++	 * software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
++	 *
++	 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
++	 * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
++	 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
++	 * THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR
++	 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
++	 * LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
++	 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
++	 * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
++	 */
++
++	size_t i;
++	uint32_t instr;
++
++	size &= ~(size_t)3;
++
++	for (i = 0; i < size; i += 4) {
++		instr = (uint32_t)(buf[i] << 24)
++			| ((uint32_t)buf[i+1] << 16)
++			| ((uint32_t)buf[i+2] << 8)
++			| (uint32_t)buf[i+3];
++
++		if ((instr >> 22) == 0x100 || (instr >> 22) == 0x1FF) {
++			instr <<= 2;
++			instr -= zip->bcj_ip + (uint32_t)i;
++			instr >>= 2;
++			instr = ((uint32_t)0x40000000 - (instr & 0x400000))
++			        | 0x40000000 | (instr & 0x3FFFFF);
++
++			buf[i] = (uint8_t)(instr >> 24);
++			buf[i+1] = (uint8_t)(instr >> 16);
++			buf[i+2] = (uint8_t)(instr >> 8);
++			buf[i+3] = (uint8_t)instr;
++		}
++	}
++
++	zip->bcj_ip += (uint32_t)i;
++
++	return i;
++}
++
++static size_t
++powerpc_Convert(struct _7zip *zip, uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
++{
++	// This function was adapted from
++	// static size_t powerpc_code(void *simple, uint32_t now_pos, bool is_encoder, uint8_t *buffer, size_t size)
++	// in https://git.tukaani.org/xz.git
++
++	/*
++	 * Filter for PowerPC (big endian) binaries
++	 *
++	 * Authors: Igor Pavlov
++	 *          Lasse Collin
++	 *
++	 * Copyright (C) The XZ Utils authors and contributors
++	 *
++	 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this
++	 * software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
++	 *
++	 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
++	 * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
++	 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
++	 * THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR
++	 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
++	 * LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
++	 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
++	 * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
++	 */
++
++	size &= ~(size_t)3;
++
++	size_t i;
++	for (i = 0; i < size; i += 4) {
++		// PowerPC branch 6(48) 24(Offset) 1(Abs) 1(Link)
++		if ((buf[i] >> 2) == 0x12
++			&& ((buf[i + 3] & 3) == 1)) {
++
++			const uint32_t src
++				= (((uint32_t)(buf[i + 0]) & 3) << 24)
++				| ((uint32_t)(buf[i + 1]) << 16)
++				| ((uint32_t)(buf[i + 2]) << 8)
++				| ((uint32_t)(buf[i + 3]) & ~UINT32_C(3));
++
++			uint32_t dest = src - (zip->bcj_ip + (uint32_t)(i));
++
++			buf[i + 0] = 0x48 | ((dest >> 24) &  0x03);
++			buf[i + 1] = (dest >> 16);
++			buf[i + 2] = (dest >> 8);
++			buf[i + 3] &= 0x03;
++			buf[i + 3] |= dest;
++		}
++	}
++
++	zip->bcj_ip += (uint32_t)i;
++
++	return i;
++}
++
+ /*
+  * Brought from LZMA SDK.
+  *
+@@ -4029,8 +4364,17 @@
+ 
+ #define RC_READ_BYTE (*buffer++)
+ #define RC_TEST { if (buffer == bufferLim) return SZ_ERROR_DATA; }
+-#define RC_INIT2 zip->bcj2_code = 0; zip->bcj2_range = 0xFFFFFFFF; \
+-  { int ii; for (ii = 0; ii < 5; ii++) { RC_TEST; zip->bcj2_code = (zip->bcj2_code << 8) | RC_READ_BYTE; }}
++#define RC_INIT2 do {							\
++	zip->bcj2_code = 0;						\
++	zip->bcj2_range = 0xFFFFFFFF;					\
++	{								\
++		int ii;							\
++		for (ii = 0; ii < 5; ii++) {				\
++			RC_TEST;					\
++			zip->bcj2_code = (zip->bcj2_code << 8) | RC_READ_BYTE; \
++		}							\
++	}								\
++} while (0)
+ 
+ #define NORMALIZE if (zip->bcj2_range < kTopValue) { RC_TEST; zip->bcj2_range <<= 8; zip->bcj2_code = (zip->bcj2_code << 8) | RC_READ_BYTE; }
+ 
+@@ -4177,4 +4521,3 @@
+ 
+ 	return ((ssize_t)outPos);
+ }
+-
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_by_code.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_by_code.c
+@@ -41,49 +41,34 @@
+ 	switch (format_code & ARCHIVE_FORMAT_BASE_MASK) {
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_7ZIP:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_7zip(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_AR:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_ar(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_CAB:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_cab(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_CPIO:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_cpio(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_EMPTY:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_empty(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_ISO9660:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_iso9660(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_LHA:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_lha(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_MTREE:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_mtree(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_RAR:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_rar(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_RAR_V5:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_rar5(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_RAW:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_raw(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_tar(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_WARC:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_warc(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_XAR:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_xar(a);
+-		break;
+ 	case ARCHIVE_FORMAT_ZIP:
+ 		return archive_read_support_format_zip(a);
+-		break;
+ 	}
+ 	archive_set_error(a, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_PROGRAMMER,
+ 	    "Invalid format code specified");
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_cab.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_cab.c
+@@ -363,7 +363,12 @@
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+ 	archive_string_init(&cab->ws);
+-	archive_wstring_ensure(&cab->ws, 256);
++	if (archive_wstring_ensure(&cab->ws, 256) == NULL) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
++		    "Can't allocate memory");
++		free(cab);
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
+ 
+ 	r = __archive_read_register_format(a,
+ 	    cab,
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_cpio.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_cpio.c
+@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@
+ };
+ 
+ static int64_t	atol16(const char *, unsigned);
++static uint64_t	atol16u(const char *, unsigned);
+ static int64_t	atol8(const char *, unsigned);
+ static int	archive_read_format_cpio_bid(struct archive_read *, int);
+ static int	archive_read_format_cpio_options(struct archive_read *,
+@@ -835,6 +836,7 @@
+     struct archive_entry *entry, size_t *namelength, size_t *name_pad)
+ {
+ 	int64_t t;
++	uint64_t u;
+ 	const void *h;
+ 	const char *header;
+ 
+@@ -851,12 +853,12 @@
+ 
+ 	archive_entry_set_dev(entry, 
+ 		(dev_t)atol16(header + afiol_dev_offset, afiol_dev_size));
+-	t = atol16(header + afiol_ino_offset, afiol_ino_size);
+-	if (t < 0) {
+-		archive_set_error(&a->archive, 0, "Nonsensical ino value");
+-		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-	}
+-	archive_entry_set_ino(entry, t);
++	u = atol16u(header + afiol_ino_offset, afiol_ino_size);
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++	archive_entry_set_ino(entry, (int64_t)(u & INT64_MAX));
++#else
++	archive_entry_set_ino(entry, u);
++#endif
+ 	archive_entry_set_mode(entry,
+ 		(mode_t)atol8(header + afiol_mode_offset, afiol_mode_size));
+ 	archive_entry_set_uid(entry, atol16(header + afiol_uid_offset, afiol_uid_size));
+@@ -1030,6 +1032,12 @@
+ 
+ static int64_t
+ atol16(const char *p, unsigned char_cnt)
++{
++	return ((int64_t)atol16u(p, char_cnt));
++}
++
++static uint64_t
++atol16u(const char *p, unsigned char_cnt)
+ {
+ 	uint64_t l;
+ 	int digit;
+@@ -1048,7 +1056,7 @@
+ 		l <<= 4;
+ 		l |= digit;
+ 	}
+-	return ((int64_t)l);
++	return (l);
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_iso9660.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_iso9660.c
+@@ -1429,7 +1429,7 @@
+ 			 * information first, then store all file bodies. */
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+ 			    "Ignoring out-of-order file @%jx (%s) %jd < %jd",
+-			    (intmax_t)file->number,
++			    (uintmax_t)file->number,
+ 			    iso9660->pathname.s,
+ 			    (intmax_t)file->offset,
+ 			    (intmax_t)iso9660->current_position);
+@@ -2273,7 +2273,7 @@
+ 				if (version == 1) {
+ 					if (data_length >= 8)
+ 						file->mode
+-						    = toi(data, 4);
++						    = (__LA_MODE_T)toi(data, 4);
+ 					if (data_length >= 16)
+ 						file->nlinks
+ 						    = toi(data + 8, 4);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_lha.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_lha.c
+@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
+ #include "archive_entry_locale.h"
+ #include "archive_private.h"
+ #include "archive_read_private.h"
++#include "archive_time_private.h"
+ #include "archive_endian.h"
+ 
+ 
+@@ -162,12 +163,12 @@
+ #define ATIME_IS_SET		2
+ #define UNIX_MODE_IS_SET	4
+ #define CRC_IS_SET		8
+-	time_t			 birthtime;
+-	long			 birthtime_tv_nsec;
+-	time_t			 mtime;
+-	long			 mtime_tv_nsec;
+-	time_t			 atime;
+-	long			 atime_tv_nsec;
++	int64_t			 birthtime;
++	uint32_t		 birthtime_tv_nsec;
++	int64_t			 mtime;
++	uint32_t		 mtime_tv_nsec;
++	int64_t			 atime;
++	uint32_t		 atime_tv_nsec;
+ 	mode_t			 mode;
+ 	int64_t			 uid;
+ 	int64_t			 gid;
+@@ -230,8 +231,6 @@
+ 		    struct lha *, uint16_t *, int, uint64_t, size_t *);
+ static size_t	lha_check_header_format(const void *);
+ static int	lha_skip_sfx(struct archive_read *);
+-static time_t	lha_dos_time(const unsigned char *);
+-static time_t	lha_win_time(uint64_t, long *);
+ static unsigned char	lha_calcsum(unsigned char, const void *,
+ 		    int, size_t);
+ static int	lha_parse_linkname(struct archive_wstring *,
+@@ -819,7 +818,7 @@
+ 	headersum = p[H0_HEADER_SUM_OFFSET];
+ 	lha->compsize = archive_le32dec(p + H0_COMP_SIZE_OFFSET);
+ 	lha->origsize = archive_le32dec(p + H0_ORIG_SIZE_OFFSET);
+-	lha->mtime = lha_dos_time(p + H0_DOS_TIME_OFFSET);
++	lha->mtime = dos_to_unix(archive_le32dec(p + H0_DOS_TIME_OFFSET));
+ 	namelen = p[H0_NAME_LEN_OFFSET];
+ 	extdsize = (int)lha->header_size - H0_FIXED_SIZE - namelen;
+ 	if ((namelen > 221 || extdsize < 0) && extdsize != -2) {
+@@ -919,7 +918,7 @@
+ 	/* Note: An extended header size is included in a compsize. */
+ 	lha->compsize = archive_le32dec(p + H1_COMP_SIZE_OFFSET);
+ 	lha->origsize = archive_le32dec(p + H1_ORIG_SIZE_OFFSET);
+-	lha->mtime = lha_dos_time(p + H1_DOS_TIME_OFFSET);
++	lha->mtime = dos_to_unix(archive_le32dec(p + H1_DOS_TIME_OFFSET));
+ 	namelen = p[H1_NAME_LEN_OFFSET];
+ 	/* Calculate a padding size. The result will be normally 0 only(?) */
+ 	padding = ((int)lha->header_size) - H1_FIXED_SIZE - namelen;
+@@ -1090,7 +1089,7 @@
+ 
+ 	if (archive_le16dec(p + H3_FIELD_LEN_OFFSET) != 4)
+ 		goto invalid;
+-	lha->header_size =archive_le32dec(p + H3_HEADER_SIZE_OFFSET);
++	lha->header_size = archive_le32dec(p + H3_HEADER_SIZE_OFFSET);
+ 	lha->compsize = archive_le32dec(p + H3_COMP_SIZE_OFFSET);
+ 	lha->origsize = archive_le32dec(p + H3_ORIG_SIZE_OFFSET);
+ 	lha->mtime = archive_le32dec(p + H3_TIME_OFFSET);
+@@ -1326,16 +1325,16 @@
+ 			break;
+ 		case EXT_TIMESTAMP:
+ 			if (datasize == (sizeof(uint64_t) * 3)) {
+-				lha->birthtime = lha_win_time(
+-				    archive_le64dec(extdheader),
++				ntfs_to_unix(archive_le64dec(extdheader),
++					&lha->birthtime,
+ 				    &lha->birthtime_tv_nsec);
+ 				extdheader += sizeof(uint64_t);
+-				lha->mtime = lha_win_time(
+-				    archive_le64dec(extdheader),
++				ntfs_to_unix(archive_le64dec(extdheader),
++					&lha->mtime,
+ 				    &lha->mtime_tv_nsec);
+ 				extdheader += sizeof(uint64_t);
+-				lha->atime = lha_win_time(
+-				    archive_le64dec(extdheader),
++				ntfs_to_unix(archive_le64dec(extdheader),
++					&lha->atime,
+ 				    &lha->atime_tv_nsec);
+ 				lha->setflag |= BIRTHTIME_IS_SET |
+ 				    ATIME_IS_SET;
+@@ -1716,45 +1715,6 @@
+ 	return (0);
+ }
+ 
+-/* Convert an MSDOS-style date/time into Unix-style time. */
+-static time_t
+-lha_dos_time(const unsigned char *p)
+-{
+-	int msTime, msDate;
+-	struct tm ts;
+-
+-	msTime = archive_le16dec(p);
+-	msDate = archive_le16dec(p+2);
+-
+-	memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(ts));
+-	ts.tm_year = ((msDate >> 9) & 0x7f) + 80;   /* Years since 1900. */
+-	ts.tm_mon = ((msDate >> 5) & 0x0f) - 1;     /* Month number.     */
+-	ts.tm_mday = msDate & 0x1f;		    /* Day of month.     */
+-	ts.tm_hour = (msTime >> 11) & 0x1f;
+-	ts.tm_min = (msTime >> 5) & 0x3f;
+-	ts.tm_sec = (msTime << 1) & 0x3e;
+-	ts.tm_isdst = -1;
+-	return (mktime(&ts));
+-}
+-
+-/* Convert an MS-Windows-style date/time into Unix-style time. */
+-static time_t
+-lha_win_time(uint64_t wintime, long *ns)
+-{
+-#define EPOC_TIME ARCHIVE_LITERAL_ULL(116444736000000000)
+-
+-	if (wintime >= EPOC_TIME) {
+-		wintime -= EPOC_TIME;	/* 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (UTC) */
+-		if (ns != NULL)
+-			*ns = (long)(wintime % 10000000) * 100;
+-		return (wintime / 10000000);
+-	} else {
+-		if (ns != NULL)
+-			*ns = 0;
+-		return (0);
+-	}
+-}
+-
+ static unsigned char
+ lha_calcsum(unsigned char sum, const void *pp, int offset, size_t size)
+ {
+@@ -2917,4 +2877,3 @@
+ 	/* This bit pattern needs to be found out at a huffman tree. */
+ 	return (lzh_decode_huffman_tree(hf, rbits, c));
+ }
+-
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_rar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_rar.c
+@@ -335,8 +335,8 @@
+   int found_first_header;
+   char has_endarc_header;
+   struct data_block_offsets *dbo;
+-  unsigned int cursor;
+-  unsigned int nodes;
++  size_t cursor;
++  size_t nodes;
+   char filename_must_match;
+ 
+   /* LZSS members */
+@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
+ static int rar_decode_byte(struct archive_read*, uint8_t *);
+ static int execute_filter(struct archive_read*, struct rar_filter *,
+                           struct rar_virtual_machine *, size_t);
+-static int copy_from_lzss_window(struct archive_read *, void *, int64_t, int);
++static int copy_from_lzss_window(struct archive_read *, uint8_t *, int64_t, int);
+ static inline void vm_write_32(struct rar_virtual_machine*, size_t, uint32_t);
+ static inline uint32_t vm_read_32(struct rar_virtual_machine*, size_t);
+ 
+@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@
+   ((rar_br_has(br, (n)) || rar_br_fillup(a, br)) || rar_br_has(br, (n)))
+ /* Notify how many bits we consumed. */
+ #define rar_br_consume(br, n) ((br)->cache_avail -= (n))
+-#define rar_br_consume_unalined_bits(br) ((br)->cache_avail &= ~7)
++#define rar_br_consume_unaligned_bits(br) ((br)->cache_avail &= ~7)
+ 
+ static const uint32_t cache_masks[] = {
+   0x00000000, 0x00000001, 0x00000003, 0x00000007,
+@@ -741,11 +741,11 @@
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+   }
+ 
+-	/*
+-	 * Until enough data has been read, we cannot tell about
+-	 * any encrypted entries yet.
+-	 */
+-	rar->has_encrypted_entries = ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_ENCRYPTION_DONT_KNOW;
++  /*
++   * Until enough data has been read, we cannot tell about
++   * any encrypted entries yet.
++   */
++  rar->has_encrypted_entries = ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_ENCRYPTION_DONT_KNOW;
+ 
+   r = __archive_read_register_format(a,
+                                      rar,
+@@ -768,21 +768,21 @@
+ static int
+ archive_read_support_format_rar_capabilities(struct archive_read * a)
+ {
+-	(void)a; /* UNUSED */
+-	return (ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_CAPS_ENCRYPT_DATA
+-			| ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_CAPS_ENCRYPT_METADATA);
++  (void)a; /* UNUSED */
++  return (ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_CAPS_ENCRYPT_DATA
++    | ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_CAPS_ENCRYPT_METADATA);
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+ archive_read_format_rar_has_encrypted_entries(struct archive_read *_a)
+ {
+-	if (_a && _a->format) {
+-		struct rar * rar = (struct rar *)_a->format->data;
+-		if (rar) {
+-			return rar->has_encrypted_entries;
+-		}
+-	}
+-	return ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_ENCRYPTION_DONT_KNOW;
++  if (_a && _a->format) {
++    struct rar * rar = (struct rar *)_a->format->data;
++    if (rar) {
++      return rar->has_encrypted_entries;
++    }
++  }
++  return ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_ENCRYPTION_DONT_KNOW;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@
+ 
+   /* If there's already a bid > 30, we'll never win. */
+   if (best_bid > 30)
+-	  return (-1);
++    return (-1);
+ 
+   if ((p = __archive_read_ahead(a, 7, NULL)) == NULL)
+     return (-1);
+@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@
+     }
+     skip = p - (const char *)h;
+     __archive_read_consume(a, skip);
+-	total += skip;
++    total += skip;
+   }
+ fatal:
+   archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@
+   const void *h;
+   const char *p;
+   struct rar *rar;
+-  size_t skip;
++  int64_t skip;
+   char head_type;
+   int ret;
+   unsigned flags;
+@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@
+    * as well.
+    */
+   if (rar->has_encrypted_entries == ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_ENCRYPTION_DONT_KNOW) {
+-	  rar->has_encrypted_entries = 0;
++    rar->has_encrypted_entries = 0;
+   }
+ 
+   /* RAR files can be generated without EOF headers, so return ARCHIVE_EOF if
+@@ -953,8 +953,11 @@
+   {
+     unsigned long crc32_val;
+ 
+-    if ((h = __archive_read_ahead(a, 7, NULL)) == NULL)
++    if ((h = __archive_read_ahead(a, 7, NULL)) == NULL) {
++      archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                        "Failed to read next header.");
+       return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++    }
+     p = h;
+ 
+     head_type = p[2];
+@@ -972,7 +975,7 @@
+     case MAIN_HEAD:
+       rar->main_flags = archive_le16dec(p + 3);
+       skip = archive_le16dec(p + 5);
+-      if (skip < 7 + sizeof(rar->reserved1) + sizeof(rar->reserved2)) {
++      if ((size_t)skip < 7 + sizeof(rar->reserved1) + sizeof(rar->reserved2)) {
+         archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+           "Invalid header size");
+         return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -984,7 +987,8 @@
+       memcpy(rar->reserved2, p + 7 + sizeof(rar->reserved1),
+              sizeof(rar->reserved2));
+       if (rar->main_flags & MHD_ENCRYPTVER) {
+-        if (skip < 7 + sizeof(rar->reserved1) + sizeof(rar->reserved2)+1) {
++        if ((size_t)skip <
++            7 + sizeof(rar->reserved1) + sizeof(rar->reserved2) + 1) {
+           archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+             "Invalid header size");
+           return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -1053,28 +1057,30 @@
+       /* Skim the entire header and compute the CRC. */
+       crc32_val = 0;
+       while (skip > 0) {
+-	      size_t to_read = skip;
+-	      if (to_read > 32 * 1024)
+-		      to_read = 32 * 1024;
+-	      if ((h = __archive_read_ahead(a, to_read, NULL)) == NULL) {
+-		      archive_set_error(&a->archive,  ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+-			  "Bad RAR file");
+-		      return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-	      }
+-	      p = h;
+-	      crc32_val = crc32(crc32_val, (const unsigned char *)p, (unsigned int)to_read);
+-	      __archive_read_consume(a, to_read);
+-	      skip -= to_read;
++        unsigned to_read;
++        if (skip > 32 * 1024)
++          to_read = 32 * 1024;
++        else
++          to_read = (unsigned)skip;
++        if ((h = __archive_read_ahead(a, to_read, NULL)) == NULL) {
++          archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++            "Bad RAR file");
++          return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++        }
++        p = h;
++        crc32_val = crc32(crc32_val, (const unsigned char *)p, to_read);
++        __archive_read_consume(a, to_read);
++        skip -= to_read;
+       }
+       if ((crc32_val & 0xffff) != crc32_expected) {
+ #ifndef DONT_FAIL_ON_CRC_ERROR
+-	      archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+-		  "Header CRC error");
+-	      return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++        archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++          "Header CRC error");
++        return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ #endif
+       }
+       if (head_type == ENDARC_HEAD)
+-	      return (ARCHIVE_EOF);
++        return (ARCHIVE_EOF);
+       break;
+ 
+     case NEWSUB_HEAD:
+@@ -1083,7 +1089,7 @@
+       break;
+ 
+     default:
+-      archive_set_error(&a->archive,  ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++      archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+                         "Bad RAR file");
+       return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+     }
+@@ -1098,7 +1104,7 @@
+   int ret;
+ 
+   if (rar->has_encrypted_entries == ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_ENCRYPTION_DONT_KNOW) {
+-	  rar->has_encrypted_entries = 0;
++    rar->has_encrypted_entries = 0;
+   }
+ 
+   if (rar->bytes_unconsumed > 0) {
+@@ -1186,7 +1192,7 @@
+     int whence)
+ {
+   int64_t client_offset, ret;
+-  unsigned int i;
++  size_t i;
+   struct rar *rar = (struct rar *)(a->format->data);
+ 
+   if (rar->compression_method == COMPRESS_METHOD_STORE)
+@@ -1433,7 +1439,11 @@
+   }
+ 
+   if ((h = __archive_read_ahead(a, (size_t)header_size - 7, NULL)) == NULL)
++  {
++    archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                      "Failed to read full header content.");
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++  }
+ 
+   /* File Header CRC check. */
+   crc32_computed = crc32(crc32_computed, h, (unsigned)(header_size - 7));
+@@ -1460,8 +1470,8 @@
+ 
+   if (rar->file_flags & FHD_PASSWORD)
+   {
+-	archive_entry_set_is_data_encrypted(entry, 1);
+-	rar->has_encrypted_entries = 1;
++    archive_entry_set_is_data_encrypted(entry, 1);
++    rar->has_encrypted_entries = 1;
+     archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+                       "RAR encryption support unavailable.");
+     /* Since it is only the data part itself that is encrypted we can at least
+@@ -1506,10 +1516,23 @@
+    */
+   if (head_type == NEWSUB_HEAD) {
+     size_t distance = p - (const char *)h;
++    if (rar->packed_size > INT64_MAX - header_size) {
++      archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                        "Extended header size too large.");
++      return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++    }
+     header_size += rar->packed_size;
++    if ((uintmax_t)header_size > SIZE_MAX) {
++      archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                        "Unable to read extended header data.");
++      return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++    }
+     /* Make sure we have the extended data. */
+-    if ((h = __archive_read_ahead(a, (size_t)header_size - 7, NULL)) == NULL)
+-        return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++    if ((h = __archive_read_ahead(a, (size_t)header_size - 7, NULL)) == NULL) {
++      archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                        "Failed to read extended header data.");
++      return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++    }
+     p = h;
+     endp = p + header_size - 7;
+     p += distance;
+@@ -1670,6 +1693,8 @@
+     !memcmp(rar->filename, rar->filename_save, filename_size + 1))
+   {
+     __archive_read_consume(a, header_size - 7);
++    rar->br.avail_in = 0;
++    rar->br.next_in = NULL;
+     rar->cursor++;
+     if (rar->cursor >= rar->nodes)
+     {
+@@ -1689,6 +1714,12 @@
+     }
+     if (rar->dbo[rar->cursor].start_offset < 0)
+     {
++      if (rar->packed_size > INT64_MAX - a->filter->position)
++      {
++        archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                          "Unable to store offsets.");
++        return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++      }
+       rar->dbo[rar->cursor].start_offset = a->filter->position;
+       rar->dbo[rar->cursor].end_offset = rar->dbo[rar->cursor].start_offset +
+         rar->packed_size;
+@@ -1745,6 +1776,11 @@
+   }
+ 
+   __archive_read_consume(a, header_size - 7);
++  if (rar->packed_size > INT64_MAX - a->filter->position) {
++    archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                      "Unable to store offsets.");
++    return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++  }
+   rar->dbo[0].start_offset = a->filter->position;
+   rar->dbo[0].end_offset = rar->dbo[0].start_offset + rar->packed_size;
+ 
+@@ -1753,7 +1789,7 @@
+   case OS_MSDOS:
+   case OS_OS2:
+   case OS_WIN32:
+-    rar->mode = archive_le32dec(file_header.file_attr);
++    rar->mode = (__LA_MODE_T)archive_le32dec(file_header.file_attr);
+     if (rar->mode & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+       rar->mode = AE_IFDIR | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH;
+     else
+@@ -1764,7 +1800,7 @@
+   case OS_UNIX:
+   case OS_MAC_OS:
+   case OS_BEOS:
+-    rar->mode = archive_le32dec(file_header.file_attr);
++    rar->mode = (__LA_MODE_T)archive_le32dec(file_header.file_attr);
+     break;
+ 
+   default:
+@@ -1780,6 +1816,7 @@
+   rar->offset_outgoing = 0;
+   rar->br.cache_avail = 0;
+   rar->br.avail_in = 0;
++  rar->br.next_in = NULL;
+   rar->crc_calculated = 0;
+   rar->entry_eof = 0;
+   rar->valid = 1;
+@@ -1941,8 +1978,18 @@
+   int ret = (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ 
+   rar = (struct rar *)(a->format->data);
++  if ((uintmax_t)rar->packed_size > SIZE_MAX)
++  {
++    archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                      "Unable to read link.");
++    return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++  }
+   if ((h = rar_read_ahead(a, (size_t)rar->packed_size, NULL)) == NULL)
++  {
++    archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++                      "Failed to read link.");
+     return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++  }
+   p = h;
+ 
+   if (archive_entry_copy_symlink_l(entry,
+@@ -2224,7 +2271,7 @@
+ 
+       ret = expand(a, &end);
+       if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
+-	      return (ret);
++        return (ret);
+ 
+       rar->bytes_uncopied = end - start;
+       rar->filters.lastend = end;
+@@ -2276,7 +2323,7 @@
+   free_codes(a);
+ 
+   /* Skip to the next byte */
+-  rar_br_consume_unalined_bits(br);
++  rar_br_consume_unaligned_bits(br);
+ 
+   /* PPMd block flag */
+   if (!rar_br_read_ahead(a, br, 1))
+@@ -2332,9 +2379,9 @@
+       __archive_ppmd7_functions.Ppmd7_Construct(&rar->ppmd7_context);
+ 
+       if (rar->dictionary_size == 0) {
+-	      archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++        archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+                           "Invalid zero dictionary size");
+-	      return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++        return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+       }
+ 
+       if (!__archive_ppmd7_functions.Ppmd7_Alloc(&rar->ppmd7_context,
+@@ -2803,7 +2850,7 @@
+   else
+     code->tablesize = code->maxlength;
+ 
+-  code->table = calloc(1U << code->tablesize, sizeof(*code->table));
++  code->table = calloc(((size_t)1U) << code->tablesize, sizeof(*code->table));
+ 
+   return make_table_recurse(a, code, 0, code->table, 0, code->tablesize);
+ }
+@@ -2929,11 +2976,11 @@
+     }
+ 
+     if ((symbol = read_next_symbol(a, &rar->maincode)) < 0)
+-      return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++      goto bad_data;
+ 
+     if (symbol < 256)
+     {
+-      lzss_emit_literal(rar, symbol);
++      lzss_emit_literal(rar, (uint8_t)symbol);
+       continue;
+     }
+     else if (symbol == 256)
+@@ -2956,14 +3003,14 @@
+       else
+       {
+         if (parse_codes(a) != ARCHIVE_OK)
+-          return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++          goto bad_data;
+         continue;
+       }
+     }
+     else if(symbol==257)
+     {
+       if (!read_filter(a, end))
+-          return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++          goto bad_data;
+       continue;
+     }
+     else if(symbol==258)
+@@ -3048,7 +3095,7 @@
+           {
+             if ((lowoffsetsymbol =
+               read_next_symbol(a, &rar->lowoffsetcode)) < 0)
+-              return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++              goto bad_data;
+             if(lowoffsetsymbol == 16)
+             {
+               rar->numlowoffsetrepeats = 15;
+@@ -3096,7 +3143,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-copy_from_lzss_window(struct archive_read *a, void *buffer,
++copy_from_lzss_window(struct archive_read *a, uint8_t *buffer,
+                       int64_t startpos, int length)
+ {
+   int windowoffs, firstpart;
+@@ -3111,7 +3158,7 @@
+   }
+   if (firstpart < length) {
+     memcpy(buffer, &rar->lzss.window[windowoffs], firstpart);
+-    memcpy(buffer, &rar->lzss.window[0], length - firstpart);
++    memcpy(buffer + firstpart, &rar->lzss.window[0], length - firstpart);
+   } else {
+     memcpy(buffer, &rar->lzss.window[windowoffs], length);
+   }
+@@ -3180,8 +3227,12 @@
+ rar_read_ahead(struct archive_read *a, size_t min, ssize_t *avail)
+ {
+   struct rar *rar = (struct rar *)(a->format->data);
+-  const void *h = __archive_read_ahead(a, min, avail);
++  const void *h;
+   int ret;
++
++again:
++  h = __archive_read_ahead(a, min, avail);
++
+   if (avail)
+   {
+     if (a->archive.read_data_is_posix_read && *avail > (ssize_t)a->archive.read_data_requested)
+@@ -3203,7 +3254,7 @@
+       rar->filename_must_match = 0;
+       if (ret != (ARCHIVE_OK))
+         return NULL;
+-      return rar_read_ahead(a, min, avail);
++      goto again;
+     }
+   }
+   return h;
+@@ -3266,6 +3317,9 @@
+   else
+     blocklength = prog ? prog->oldfilterlength : 0;
+ 
++  if (blocklength > rar->dictionary_size)
++    return 0;
++
+   registers[3] = PROGRAM_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_ADDRESS;
+   registers[4] = blocklength;
+   registers[5] = prog ? prog->usagecount : 0;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_rar5.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_rar5.c
+@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
+ #include "archive_entry_locale.h"
+ #include "archive_ppmd7_private.h"
+ #include "archive_entry_private.h"
++#include "archive_time_private.h"
+ 
+ #ifdef HAVE_BLAKE2_H
+ #include <blake2.h>
+@@ -100,10 +101,12 @@
+ 	uint8_t dir : 1;             /* Is this file entry a directory? */
+ 
+ 	/* Optional time fields. */
+-	uint64_t e_mtime;
+-	uint64_t e_ctime;
+-	uint64_t e_atime;
+-	uint32_t e_unix_ns;
++	int64_t e_mtime;
++	int64_t e_ctime;
++	int64_t e_atime;
++	uint32_t e_mtime_ns;
++	uint32_t e_ctime_ns;
++	uint32_t e_atime_ns;
+ 
+ 	/* Optional hash fields. */
+ 	uint32_t stored_crc32;
+@@ -691,7 +694,8 @@
+ 		default:
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+-			    "Unsupported filter type: 0x%x", flt->type);
++			    "Unsupported filter type: 0x%x",
++			    (unsigned int)flt->type);
+ 			return ARCHIVE_FATAL;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -1100,22 +1104,22 @@
+ 	return ARCHIVE_OK;
+ }
+ 
+-static int read_u32(struct archive_read* a, uint32_t* pvalue) {
++static char read_u32(struct archive_read* a, uint32_t* pvalue) {
+ 	const uint8_t* p;
+ 	if(!read_ahead(a, 4, &p))
+ 		return 0;
+ 
+ 	*pvalue = archive_le32dec(p);
+-	return ARCHIVE_OK == consume(a, 4) ? 1 : 0;
++	return ARCHIVE_OK == consume(a, 4);
+ }
+ 
+-static int read_u64(struct archive_read* a, uint64_t* pvalue) {
++static char read_u64(struct archive_read* a, uint64_t* pvalue) {
+ 	const uint8_t* p;
+ 	if(!read_ahead(a, 8, &p))
+ 		return 0;
+ 
+ 	*pvalue = archive_le64dec(p);
+-	return ARCHIVE_OK == consume(a, 8) ? 1 : 0;
++	return ARCHIVE_OK == consume(a, 8);
+ }
+ 
+ static int bid_standard(struct archive_read* a) {
+@@ -1293,21 +1297,15 @@
+ 		*extra_data_size -= hash_size;
+ 	} else {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+-		    "Unsupported hash type (0x%x)", (int) hash_type);
++		    "Unsupported hash type (0x%jx)", (uintmax_t)hash_type);
+ 		return ARCHIVE_FATAL;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	return ARCHIVE_OK;
+ }
+ 
+-static uint64_t time_win_to_unix(uint64_t win_time) {
+-	const size_t ns_in_sec = 10000000;
+-	const uint64_t sec_to_unix = 11644473600LL;
+-	return win_time / ns_in_sec - sec_to_unix;
+-}
+-
+ static int parse_htime_item(struct archive_read* a, char unix_time,
+-    uint64_t* where, int64_t* extra_data_size)
++    int64_t* sec, uint32_t* nsec, int64_t* extra_data_size)
+ {
+ 	if(unix_time) {
+ 		uint32_t time_val;
+@@ -1315,13 +1313,13 @@
+ 			return ARCHIVE_EOF;
+ 
+ 		*extra_data_size -= 4;
+-		*where = (uint64_t) time_val;
++		*sec = (int64_t) time_val;
+ 	} else {
+ 		uint64_t windows_time;
+ 		if(!read_u64(a, &windows_time))
+ 			return ARCHIVE_EOF;
+ 
+-		*where = time_win_to_unix(windows_time);
++		ntfs_to_unix(windows_time, sec, nsec);
+ 		*extra_data_size -= 8;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -1385,7 +1383,7 @@
+ static int parse_file_extra_htime(struct archive_read* a,
+     struct archive_entry* e, struct rar5* rar, int64_t* extra_data_size)
+ {
+-	char unix_time = 0;
++	char unix_time, has_unix_ns, has_mtime, has_ctime, has_atime;
+ 	size_t flags = 0;
+ 	size_t value_len;
+ 
+@@ -1406,32 +1404,62 @@
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	unix_time = flags & IS_UNIX;
++	has_unix_ns = unix_time && (flags & HAS_UNIX_NS);
++	has_mtime = flags & HAS_MTIME;
++	has_atime = flags & HAS_ATIME;
++	has_ctime = flags & HAS_CTIME;
++	rar->file.e_atime_ns = rar->file.e_ctime_ns = rar->file.e_mtime_ns = 0;
+ 
+-	if(flags & HAS_MTIME) {
++	if(has_mtime) {
+ 		parse_htime_item(a, unix_time, &rar->file.e_mtime,
+-		    extra_data_size);
+-		archive_entry_set_mtime(e, rar->file.e_mtime, 0);
++		    &rar->file.e_mtime_ns, extra_data_size);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	if(flags & HAS_CTIME) {
++	if(has_ctime) {
+ 		parse_htime_item(a, unix_time, &rar->file.e_ctime,
+-		    extra_data_size);
+-		archive_entry_set_ctime(e, rar->file.e_ctime, 0);
++		    &rar->file.e_ctime_ns, extra_data_size);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	if(flags & HAS_ATIME) {
++	if(has_atime) {
+ 		parse_htime_item(a, unix_time, &rar->file.e_atime,
+-		    extra_data_size);
+-		archive_entry_set_atime(e, rar->file.e_atime, 0);
++		    &rar->file.e_atime_ns, extra_data_size);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	if(flags & HAS_UNIX_NS) {
+-		if(!read_u32(a, &rar->file.e_unix_ns))
++	if(has_mtime && has_unix_ns) {
++		if(!read_u32(a, &rar->file.e_mtime_ns))
+ 			return ARCHIVE_EOF;
+ 
+ 		*extra_data_size -= 4;
+ 	}
+ 
++	if(has_ctime && has_unix_ns) {
++		if(!read_u32(a, &rar->file.e_ctime_ns))
++			return ARCHIVE_EOF;
++
++		*extra_data_size -= 4;
++	}
++
++	if(has_atime && has_unix_ns) {
++		if(!read_u32(a, &rar->file.e_atime_ns))
++			return ARCHIVE_EOF;
++
++		*extra_data_size -= 4;
++	}
++
++	/* The seconds and nanoseconds are either together, or separated in two
++	 * fields so we parse them, then set the archive_entry's times. */
++	if(has_mtime) {
++		archive_entry_set_mtime(e, rar->file.e_mtime, rar->file.e_mtime_ns);
++	}
++
++	if(has_ctime) {
++		archive_entry_set_ctime(e, rar->file.e_ctime, rar->file.e_ctime_ns);
++	}
++
++	if(has_atime) {
++		archive_entry_set_atime(e, rar->file.e_atime, rar->file.e_atime_ns);
++	}
++
+ 	return ARCHIVE_OK;
+ }
+ 
+@@ -1896,7 +1924,8 @@
+ 	} else {
+ 		/* Unknown host OS */
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+-				"Unsupported Host OS: 0x%x", (int) host_os);
++				"Unsupported Host OS: 0x%jx",
++				(uintmax_t)host_os);
+ 
+ 		return ARCHIVE_FATAL;
+ 	}
+@@ -2104,8 +2133,8 @@
+ 		default:
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+-			    "Unsupported extra type (0x%x)",
+-			    (int) extra_field_id);
++			    "Unsupported extra type (0x%jx)",
++			    (uintmax_t)extra_field_id);
+ 			return ARCHIVE_FATAL;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -3093,7 +3122,7 @@
+ 		 *   can be stored in the output buffer directly.
+ 		 *
+ 		 * - Code 256 defines a new filter, which is later used to
+-		 *   ransform the data block accordingly to the filter type.
++		 *   transform the data block accordingly to the filter type.
+ 		 *   The data block needs to be fully uncompressed first.
+ 		 *
+ 		 * - Code bigger than 257 and smaller than 262 define
+@@ -3983,7 +4012,7 @@
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+ 				    "Compression method not supported: 0x%x",
+-				    rar->cstate.method);
++				    (unsigned int)rar->cstate.method);
+ 
+ 				return ARCHIVE_FATAL;
+ 		}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_tar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_tar.c
+@@ -129,7 +129,11 @@
+ 	int64_t			 entry_offset;
+ 	int64_t			 entry_padding;
+ 	int64_t 		 entry_bytes_unconsumed;
+-	int64_t			 realsize;
++	int64_t			 disk_size;
++	int64_t			 GNU_sparse_realsize;
++	int64_t			 GNU_sparse_size;
++	int64_t			 SCHILY_sparse_realsize;
++	int64_t			 pax_size;
+ 	struct sparse_block	*sparse_list;
+ 	struct sparse_block	*sparse_last;
+ 	int64_t			 sparse_offset;
+@@ -138,6 +142,7 @@
+ 	int			 sparse_gnu_minor;
+ 	char			 sparse_gnu_attributes_seen;
+ 	char			 filetype;
++	char			 size_fields; /* Bits defined below */
+ 
+ 	struct archive_string	 localname;
+ 	struct archive_string_conv *opt_sconv;
+@@ -148,9 +153,15 @@
+ 	int			 compat_2x;
+ 	int			 process_mac_extensions;
+ 	int			 read_concatenated_archives;
+-	int			 realsize_override;
+ };
+ 
++/* Track which size fields were present in the headers */
++#define TAR_SIZE_PAX_SIZE 1
++#define TAR_SIZE_GNU_SPARSE_REALSIZE 2
++#define TAR_SIZE_GNU_SPARSE_SIZE 4
++#define TAR_SIZE_SCHILY_SPARSE_REALSIZE 8
++
++
+ static int	archive_block_is_null(const char *p);
+ static char	*base64_decode(const char *, size_t, size_t *);
+ static int	gnu_add_sparse_entry(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+@@ -158,36 +169,36 @@
+ 
+ static void	gnu_clear_sparse_list(struct tar *);
+ static int	gnu_sparse_old_read(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    const struct archive_entry_header_gnutar *header, size_t *);
++		    const struct archive_entry_header_gnutar *header, int64_t *);
+ static int	gnu_sparse_old_parse(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+ 		    const struct gnu_sparse *sparse, int length);
+ static int	gnu_sparse_01_parse(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+ 		    const char *, size_t);
+-static ssize_t	gnu_sparse_10_read(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    size_t *);
++static int64_t	gnu_sparse_10_read(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
++		    int64_t *);
+ static int	header_Solaris_ACL(struct archive_read *,  struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, const void *, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, const void *, int64_t *);
+ static int	header_common(struct archive_read *,  struct tar *,
+ 		    struct archive_entry *, const void *);
+ static int	header_old_tar(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+ 		    struct archive_entry *, const void *);
+ static int	header_pax_extension(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, const void *, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, const void *, int64_t *);
+ static int	header_pax_global(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, int64_t *);
+ static int	header_gnu_longlink(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, int64_t *);
+ static int	header_gnu_longname(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, int64_t *);
+ static int	is_mac_metadata_entry(struct archive_entry *entry);
+ static int	read_mac_metadata_blob(struct archive_read *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, int64_t *);
+ static int	header_volume(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, int64_t *);
+ static int	header_ustar(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+ 		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h);
+ static int	header_gnutar(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, const void *h, int64_t *);
+ static int	archive_read_format_tar_bid(struct archive_read *, int);
+ static int	archive_read_format_tar_options(struct archive_read *,
+ 		    const char *, const char *);
+@@ -200,7 +211,7 @@
+ static int	checksum(struct archive_read *, const void *);
+ static int 	pax_attribute(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+ 		    struct archive_entry *, const char *key, size_t key_length,
+-		    size_t value_length, size_t *unconsumed);
++		    size_t value_length, int64_t *unconsumed);
+ static int	pax_attribute_LIBARCHIVE_xattr(struct archive_entry *,
+ 		    const char *, size_t, const char *, size_t);
+ static int	pax_attribute_SCHILY_acl(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+@@ -209,20 +220,20 @@
+ 		    struct archive_entry *, const char *, size_t);
+ static void	pax_time(const char *, size_t, int64_t *sec, long *nanos);
+ static ssize_t	readline(struct archive_read *, struct tar *, const char **,
+-		    ssize_t limit, size_t *);
++		    ssize_t limit, int64_t *);
+ static int	read_body_to_string(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_string *, const void *h, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_string *, const void *h, int64_t *);
+ static int	read_bytes_to_string(struct archive_read *,
+-		    struct archive_string *, size_t, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_string *, size_t, int64_t *);
+ static int64_t	tar_atol(const char *, size_t);
+ static int64_t	tar_atol10(const char *, size_t);
+ static int64_t	tar_atol256(const char *, size_t);
+ static int64_t	tar_atol8(const char *, size_t);
+ static int	tar_read_header(struct archive_read *, struct tar *,
+-		    struct archive_entry *, size_t *);
++		    struct archive_entry *, int64_t *);
+ static int	tohex(int c);
+ static char	*url_decode(const char *, size_t);
+-static void	tar_flush_unconsumed(struct archive_read *, size_t *);
++static void	tar_flush_unconsumed(struct archive_read *, int64_t *);
+ 
+ /* Sanity limits:  These numbers should be low enough to
+  * prevent a maliciously-crafted archive from forcing us to
+@@ -467,7 +478,7 @@
+  * anything outstanding since we're going to do read_aheads
+  */
+ static void
+-tar_flush_unconsumed(struct archive_read *a, size_t *unconsumed)
++tar_flush_unconsumed(struct archive_read *a, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	if (*unconsumed) {
+ /*
+@@ -515,7 +526,8 @@
+ 	const char *p;
+ 	const wchar_t *wp;
+ 	int r;
+-	size_t l, unconsumed = 0;
++	size_t l;
++	int64_t unconsumed = 0;
+ 
+ 	/* Assign default device/inode values. */
+ 	archive_entry_set_dev(entry, 1 + default_dev); /* Don't use zero. */
+@@ -529,8 +541,7 @@
+ 	tar = (struct tar *)(a->format->data);
+ 	tar->entry_offset = 0;
+ 	gnu_clear_sparse_list(tar);
+-	tar->realsize = -1; /* Mark this as "unset" */
+-	tar->realsize_override = 0;
++	tar->size_fields = 0; /* We don't have any size info yet */
+ 
+ 	/* Setup default string conversion. */
+ 	tar->sconv = tar->opt_sconv;
+@@ -617,12 +628,15 @@
+ 		/* If we're at end of file, return EOF. */
+ 		if (tar->sparse_list == NULL ||
+ 		    tar->entry_bytes_remaining == 0) {
+-			if (__archive_read_consume(a, tar->entry_padding) < 0)
++			int64_t request = tar->entry_bytes_remaining +
++			    tar->entry_padding;
++
++			if (__archive_read_consume(a, request) != request)
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 			tar->entry_padding = 0;
+ 			*buff = NULL;
+ 			*size = 0;
+-			*offset = tar->realsize;
++			*offset = tar->disk_size;
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_EOF);
+ 		}
+ 
+@@ -655,29 +669,15 @@
+ static int
+ archive_read_format_tar_skip(struct archive_read *a)
+ {
+-	int64_t bytes_skipped;
+ 	int64_t request;
+-	struct sparse_block *p;
+ 	struct tar* tar;
+ 
+ 	tar = (struct tar *)(a->format->data);
+ 
+-	/* Do not consume the hole of a sparse file. */
+-	request = 0;
+-	for (p = tar->sparse_list; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
+-		if (!p->hole) {
+-			if (p->remaining >= INT64_MAX - request) {
+-				return ARCHIVE_FATAL;
+-			}
+-			request += p->remaining;
+-		}
+-	}
+-	if (request > tar->entry_bytes_remaining)
+-		request = tar->entry_bytes_remaining;
+-	request += tar->entry_padding + tar->entry_bytes_unconsumed;
++	request = tar->entry_bytes_remaining + tar->entry_padding +
++	    tar->entry_bytes_unconsumed;
+ 
+-	bytes_skipped = __archive_read_consume(a, request);
+-	if (bytes_skipped < 0)
++	if (__archive_read_consume(a, request) != request)
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 
+ 	tar->entry_bytes_remaining = 0;
+@@ -690,13 +690,29 @@
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
++/*
++ * This function resets the accumulated state while reading
++ * a header.
++ */
++static void
++tar_reset_header_state(struct tar *tar)
++{
++	tar->pax_hdrcharset_utf8 = 1;
++	tar->sparse_gnu_attributes_seen = 0;
++	archive_string_empty(&(tar->entry_gname));
++	archive_string_empty(&(tar->entry_pathname));
++	archive_string_empty(&(tar->entry_pathname_override));
++	archive_string_empty(&(tar->entry_uname));
++	archive_string_empty(&tar->entry_linkpath);
++}
++
+ /*
+  * This function reads and interprets all of the headers associated
+  * with a single entry.
+  */
+ static int
+ tar_read_header(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	ssize_t bytes;
+ 	int err = ARCHIVE_OK, err2;
+@@ -715,13 +731,7 @@
+ 	static const int32_t seen_x_header = 32; /* Also X */
+ 	static const int32_t seen_mac_metadata = 512;
+ 
+-	tar->pax_hdrcharset_utf8 = 1;
+-	tar->sparse_gnu_attributes_seen = 0;
+-	archive_string_empty(&(tar->entry_gname));
+-	archive_string_empty(&(tar->entry_pathname));
+-	archive_string_empty(&(tar->entry_pathname_override));
+-	archive_string_empty(&(tar->entry_uname));
+-	archive_string_empty(&tar->entry_linkpath);
++	tar_reset_header_state(tar);
+ 
+ 	/* Ensure format is set. */
+ 	if (a->archive.archive_format_name == NULL) {
+@@ -750,7 +760,7 @@
+ 					 * if there's no regular header, then this is
+ 					 * a premature EOF. */
+ 					archive_set_error(&a->archive, EINVAL,
+-							  "Damaged tar archive");
++							  "Damaged tar archive (end-of-archive within a sequence of headers)");
+ 					return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 				} else {
+ 					return (ARCHIVE_EOF);
+@@ -760,7 +770,7 @@
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+ 				    "Truncated tar archive"
+-				    " detected while reading next heaader");
++				    " detected while reading next header");
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 			}
+ 			*unconsumed += 512;
+@@ -787,7 +797,8 @@
+ 			/* This is NOT a null block, so it must be a valid header. */
+ 			if (!checksum(a, h)) {
+ 				tar_flush_unconsumed(a, unconsumed);
+-				archive_set_error(&a->archive, EINVAL, "Damaged tar archive");
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, EINVAL,
++						  "Damaged tar archive (bad header checksum)");
+ 				/* If we've read some critical information (pax headers, etc)
+ 				 * and _then_ see a bad header, we can't really recover. */
+ 				if (eof_fatal) {
+@@ -804,6 +815,8 @@
+ 		switch(header->typeflag[0]) {
+ 		case 'A': /* Solaris tar ACL */
+ 			if (seen_headers & seen_A_header) {
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++						  "Redundant 'A' header");
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 			}
+ 			seen_headers |= seen_A_header;
+@@ -813,6 +826,8 @@
+ 			break;
+ 		case 'g': /* POSIX-standard 'g' header. */
+ 			if (seen_headers & seen_g_header) {
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++						  "Redundant 'g' header");
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 			}
+ 			seen_headers |= seen_g_header;
+@@ -822,27 +837,41 @@
+ 			break;
+ 		case 'K': /* Long link name (GNU tar, others) */
+ 			if (seen_headers & seen_K_header) {
+-				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++						  "Damaged archive: Redundant 'K' headers may cause linknames to be incorrect");
++				err = err_combine(err, ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 			}
+ 			seen_headers |= seen_K_header;
++			a->archive.archive_format = ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_GNUTAR;
++			a->archive.archive_format_name = "GNU tar format";
+ 			err2 = header_gnu_longlink(a, tar, entry, h, unconsumed);
+ 			break;
+ 		case 'L': /* Long filename (GNU tar, others) */
+ 			if (seen_headers & seen_L_header) {
+-				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++						  "Damaged archive: Redundant 'L' headers may cause filenames to be incorrect");
++				err = err_combine(err, ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 			}
+ 			seen_headers |= seen_L_header;
++			a->archive.archive_format = ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_GNUTAR;
++			a->archive.archive_format_name = "GNU tar format";
+ 			err2 = header_gnu_longname(a, tar, entry, h, unconsumed);
+ 			break;
+ 		case 'V': /* GNU volume header */
+ 			if (seen_headers & seen_V_header) {
+-				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++						  "Redundant 'V' header");
++				err = err_combine(err, ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 			}
+ 			seen_headers |= seen_V_header;
++			a->archive.archive_format = ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_GNUTAR;
++			a->archive.archive_format_name = "GNU tar format";
+ 			err2 = header_volume(a, tar, entry, h, unconsumed);
+ 			break;
+ 		case 'X': /* Used by SUN tar; same as 'x'. */
+ 			if (seen_headers & seen_x_header) {
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++						  "Redundant 'X'/'x' header");
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 			}
+ 			seen_headers |= seen_x_header;
+@@ -853,6 +882,8 @@
+ 			break;
+ 		case 'x': /* POSIX-standard 'x' header. */
+ 			if (seen_headers & seen_x_header) {
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++						  "Redundant 'x' header");
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 			}
+ 			seen_headers |= seen_x_header;
+@@ -904,6 +935,7 @@
+ 				err = err_combine(err, err2);
+ 				/* Note: Other headers can appear again. */
+ 				seen_headers = seen_mac_metadata;
++				tar_reset_header_state(tar);
+ 				break;
+ 			}
+ 
+@@ -1032,13 +1064,13 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ header_Solaris_ACL(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	const struct archive_entry_header_ustar *header;
+ 	struct archive_string	 acl_text;
+ 	size_t size;
+ 	int err, acl_type;
+-	int64_t type;
++	uint64_t type;
+ 	char *acl, *p;
+ 
+ 	header = (const struct archive_entry_header_ustar *)h;
+@@ -1075,7 +1107,7 @@
+ 		}
+ 		p++;
+ 	}
+-	switch ((int)type & ~0777777) {
++	switch (type & ~0777777) {
+ 	case 01000000:
+ 		/* POSIX.1e ACL */
+ 		acl_type = ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS;
+@@ -1086,8 +1118,8 @@
+ 		break;
+ 	default:
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "Malformed Solaris ACL attribute (unsupported type %o)",
+-		    (int)type);
++		    "Malformed Solaris ACL attribute (unsupported type %llu)",
++		    (unsigned long long)type);
+ 		archive_string_free(&acl_text);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 	}
+@@ -1138,14 +1170,16 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ header_gnu_longlink(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	int err;
+ 
+ 	struct archive_string linkpath;
+ 	archive_string_init(&linkpath);
+ 	err = read_body_to_string(a, tar, &linkpath, h, unconsumed);
+-	archive_entry_set_link(entry, linkpath.s);
++	if (err == ARCHIVE_OK) {
++		archive_entry_set_link(entry, linkpath.s);
++	}
+ 	archive_string_free(&linkpath);
+ 	return (err);
+ }
+@@ -1170,7 +1204,7 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ header_gnu_longname(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	int err;
+ 	struct archive_string longname;
+@@ -1191,7 +1225,7 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ header_volume(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	const struct archive_entry_header_ustar *header;
+ 	int64_t size, to_consume;
+@@ -1217,7 +1251,7 @@
+ static int
+ read_bytes_to_string(struct archive_read *a,
+ 		     struct archive_string *as, size_t size,
+-		     size_t *unconsumed) {
++		     int64_t *unconsumed) {
+ 	const void *src;
+ 
+ 	/* Fail if we can't make our buffer big enough. */
+@@ -1250,7 +1284,7 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ read_body_to_string(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_string *as, const void *h, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_string *as, const void *h, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	int64_t size;
+ 	const struct archive_entry_header_ustar *header;
+@@ -1259,18 +1293,21 @@
+ 	(void)tar; /* UNUSED */
+ 	header = (const struct archive_entry_header_ustar *)h;
+ 	size  = tar_atol(header->size, sizeof(header->size));
+-	if (size > entry_limit) {
++	if (size < 0 || size > entry_limit) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, EINVAL,
++		    "Special header has invalid size: %lld",
++		    (long long)size);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+-	if ((size > (int64_t)pathname_limit) || (size < 0)) {
++	if (size > (int64_t)pathname_limit) {
+ 		archive_string_empty(as);
+ 		int64_t to_consume = ((size + 511) & ~511);
+ 		if (to_consume != __archive_read_consume(a, to_consume)) {
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, EINVAL,
+-		    "Special header too large: %d > 1MiB",
+-		    (int)size);
++		    "Special header too large: %lld > 1MiB",
++		    (long long)size);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 	}
+ 	r = read_bytes_to_string(a, as, size, unconsumed);
+@@ -1287,6 +1324,11 @@
+  * allows header_old_tar and header_ustar
+  * to handle filenames differently, while still putting most of the
+  * common parsing into one place.
++ *
++ * This is called _after_ ustar, GNU tar, Schily, etc, special
++ * fields have already been parsed into the `tar` structure.
++ * So we can make final decisions here about how to reconcile
++ * size, mode, etc, information.
+  */
+ static int
+ header_common(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+@@ -1308,34 +1350,73 @@
+ 		archive_entry_set_perm(entry,
+ 			(mode_t)tar_atol(header->mode, sizeof(header->mode)));
+ 	}
++
++	/* Set uid, gid, mtime if not already set */
+ 	if (!archive_entry_uid_is_set(entry)) {
+ 		archive_entry_set_uid(entry, tar_atol(header->uid, sizeof(header->uid)));
+ 	}
+ 	if (!archive_entry_gid_is_set(entry)) {
+ 		archive_entry_set_gid(entry, tar_atol(header->gid, sizeof(header->gid)));
+ 	}
++	if (!archive_entry_mtime_is_set(entry)) {
++		archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, tar_atol(header->mtime, sizeof(header->mtime)), 0);
++	}
++
++	/* Reconcile the size info. */
++	/* First, how big is the file on disk? */
++	if ((tar->size_fields & TAR_SIZE_GNU_SPARSE_REALSIZE) != 0) {
++		/* GNU sparse format 1.0 uses `GNU.sparse.realsize`
++		 * to hold the size of the file on disk. */
++		tar->disk_size = tar->GNU_sparse_realsize;
++	} else if ((tar->size_fields & TAR_SIZE_GNU_SPARSE_SIZE) != 0
++		   && (tar->sparse_gnu_major == 0)) {
++		/* GNU sparse format 0.0 and 0.1 use `GNU.sparse.size`
++		 * to hold the size of the file on disk. */
++		tar->disk_size = tar->GNU_sparse_size;
++	} else if ((tar->size_fields & TAR_SIZE_SCHILY_SPARSE_REALSIZE) != 0) {
++		tar->disk_size = tar->SCHILY_sparse_realsize;
++	} else if ((tar->size_fields & TAR_SIZE_PAX_SIZE) != 0) {
++		tar->disk_size = tar->pax_size;
++	} else {
++		/* There wasn't a suitable pax header, so use the ustar info */
++		tar->disk_size = tar_atol(header->size, sizeof(header->size));
++	}
+ 
+-	tar->entry_bytes_remaining = tar_atol(header->size, sizeof(header->size));
++	if (tar->disk_size < 0) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				  "Tar entry has negative file size");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	} else if (tar->disk_size > entry_limit) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				  "Tar entry size overflow");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	} else {
++		archive_entry_set_size(entry, tar->disk_size);
++	}
++
++	/* Second, how big is the data in the archive? */
++	if ((tar->size_fields & TAR_SIZE_GNU_SPARSE_SIZE) != 0
++	    && (tar->sparse_gnu_major == 1)) {
++		/* GNU sparse format 1.0 uses `GNU.sparse.size`
++		 * to hold the size of the data in the archive. */
++		tar->entry_bytes_remaining = tar->GNU_sparse_size;
++	} else if ((tar->size_fields & TAR_SIZE_PAX_SIZE) != 0) {
++		tar->entry_bytes_remaining = tar->pax_size;
++	} else {
++		tar->entry_bytes_remaining
++			= tar_atol(header->size, sizeof(header->size));
++	}
+ 	if (tar->entry_bytes_remaining < 0) {
+ 		tar->entry_bytes_remaining = 0;
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "Tar entry has negative size");
++				  "Tar entry has negative size");
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-	}
+-	if (tar->entry_bytes_remaining > entry_limit) {
++	} else if (tar->entry_bytes_remaining > entry_limit) {
+ 		tar->entry_bytes_remaining = 0;
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "Tar entry size overflow");
++				  "Tar entry size overflow");
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+-	if (!tar->realsize_override) {
+-		tar->realsize = tar->entry_bytes_remaining;
+-	}
+-	archive_entry_set_size(entry, tar->realsize);
+-
+-	if (!archive_entry_mtime_is_set(entry)) {
+-		archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, tar_atol(header->mtime, sizeof(header->mtime)), 0);
+-	}
+ 
+ 	/* Handle the tar type flag appropriately. */
+ 	tar->filetype = header->typeflag[0];
+@@ -1597,7 +1678,7 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ read_mac_metadata_blob(struct archive_read *a,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	int64_t size;
+ 	size_t msize;
+@@ -1654,7 +1735,7 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ header_pax_global(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	const struct archive_entry_header_ustar *header;
+ 	int64_t size, to_consume;
+@@ -1665,7 +1746,10 @@
+ 
+ 	header = (const struct archive_entry_header_ustar *)h;
+ 	size = tar_atol(header->size, sizeof(header->size));
+-	if (size > entry_limit) {
++	if (size < 0 || size > entry_limit) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, EINVAL,
++		    "Special header has invalid size: %lld",
++		    (long long)size);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+ 	to_consume = ((size + 511) & ~511);
+@@ -1761,7 +1845,7 @@
+ 
+ static int
+ header_pax_extension(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	/* Sanity checks: The largest `x` body I've ever heard of was
+ 	 * a little over 4MB.  So I doubt there has ever been a
+@@ -1812,8 +1896,8 @@
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, EINVAL,
+-		    "Ignoring oversized pax extensions: %d > %d",
+-		    (int)ext_size, (int)ext_size_limit);
++		    "Ignoring oversized pax extensions: %lld > %lld",
++		    (long long)ext_size, (long long)ext_size_limit);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 	}
+ 	tar_flush_unconsumed(a, unconsumed);
+@@ -1912,6 +1996,13 @@
+ 		*unconsumed += p - attr_start;
+ 		tar_flush_unconsumed(a, unconsumed);
+ 
++		if (value_length == 0) {
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, EINVAL,
++					  "Malformed pax attributes");
++			*unconsumed += ext_size + ext_padding;
++			return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
++		}
++
+ 		/* pax_attribute will consume value_length - 1 */
+ 		r = pax_attribute(a, tar, entry, attr_name.s, archive_strlen(&attr_name), value_length - 1, unconsumed);
+ 		ext_size -= value_length - 1;
+@@ -2121,8 +2212,9 @@
+ 	if (value_length > acl_limit) {
+ 		__archive_read_consume(a, value_length);
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-				  "Unreasonably large ACL: %d > %d",
+-				  (int)value_length, (int)acl_limit);
++				  "Unreasonably large ACL: %llu > %llu",
++				  (unsigned long long)value_length,
++				  (unsigned long long)acl_limit);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -2154,7 +2246,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-pax_attribute_read_time(struct archive_read *a, size_t value_length, int64_t *ps, long *pn, size_t *unconsumed) {
++pax_attribute_read_time(struct archive_read *a, size_t value_length, int64_t *ps, long *pn, int64_t *unconsumed) {
+ 	struct archive_string as;
+ 	int r;
+ 
+@@ -2169,12 +2261,16 @@
+ 	r = read_bytes_to_string(a, &as, value_length, unconsumed);
+ 	if (r < ARCHIVE_OK) {
+ 		archive_string_free(&as);
++		*ps = 0;
++		*pn = 0;
+ 		return (r);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	pax_time(as.s, archive_strlen(&as), ps, pn);
+ 	archive_string_free(&as);
+-	if (*ps < 0 || *ps == INT64_MAX) {
++	if (*ps == INT64_MIN) {
++		*ps = 0;
++		*pn = 0;
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 	}
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+@@ -2183,7 +2279,7 @@
+ static int
+ pax_attribute_read_number(struct archive_read *a, size_t value_length, int64_t *result) {
+ 	struct archive_string as;
+-	size_t unconsumed = 0;
++	int64_t unconsumed = 0;
+ 	int r;
+ 
+ 	if (value_length > 64) {
+@@ -2197,6 +2293,7 @@
+ 	tar_flush_unconsumed(a, &unconsumed);
+ 	if (r < ARCHIVE_OK) {
+ 		archive_string_free(&as);
++		*result = 0;
+ 		return (r);
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -2223,7 +2320,7 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ pax_attribute(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar, struct archive_entry *entry,
+-	      const char *key, size_t key_length, size_t value_length, size_t *unconsumed)
++	      const char *key, size_t key_length, size_t value_length, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	int64_t t;
+ 	long n;
+@@ -2289,10 +2386,13 @@
+ 				}
+ 				else if (key_length == 4 && memcmp(key, "size", 4) == 0) {
+ 					/* GNU.sparse.size */
++					/* This is either the size of stored entry OR the size of data on disk,
++					 * depending on which GNU sparse format version is in use.
++					 * Since pax attributes can be in any order, we may not actually
++					 * know at this point how to interpret this. */
+ 					if ((err = pax_attribute_read_number(a, value_length, &t)) == ARCHIVE_OK) {
+-						tar->realsize = t;
+-						archive_entry_set_size(entry, tar->realsize);
+-						tar->realsize_override = 1;
++						tar->GNU_sparse_size = t;
++						tar->size_fields |= TAR_SIZE_GNU_SPARSE_SIZE;
+ 					}
+ 					return (err);
+ 				}
+@@ -2304,8 +2404,9 @@
+ 					tar->sparse_gnu_minor = 1;
+ 					if (value_length > sparse_map_limit) {
+ 						archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-								  "Unreasonably large sparse map: %d > %d",
+-								  (int)value_length, (int)sparse_map_limit);
++								  "Unreasonably large sparse map: %llu > %llu",
++								  (unsigned long long)value_length,
++								  (unsigned long long)sparse_map_limit);
+ 						err = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
+ 					} else {
+ 						p = __archive_read_ahead(a, value_length, &bytes_read);
+@@ -2360,11 +2461,10 @@
+ 					return (err);
+ 				}
+ 				else if (key_length == 8 && memcmp(key, "realsize", 8) == 0) {
+-					/* GNU.sparse.realsize */
++					/* GNU.sparse.realsize = size of file on disk */
+ 					if ((err = pax_attribute_read_number(a, value_length, &t)) == ARCHIVE_OK) {
+-						tar->realsize = t;
+-						archive_entry_set_size(entry, tar->realsize);
+-						tar->realsize_override = 1;
++						tar->GNU_sparse_realsize = t;
++						tar->size_fields |= TAR_SIZE_GNU_SPARSE_REALSIZE;
+ 					}
+ 					return (err);
+ 				}
+@@ -2413,8 +2513,8 @@
+ 				} else {
+ 					archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+ 							  "symlink type is very long"
+-							  "(longest recognized value is 4 bytes, this is %d)",
+-							  (int)value_length);
++							  "(longest recognized value is 4 bytes, this is %llu)",
++							  (unsigned long long)value_length);
+ 					err = ARCHIVE_WARN;
+ 				}
+ 				__archive_read_consume(a, value_length);
+@@ -2450,8 +2550,9 @@
+ 			if (value_length > xattr_limit) {
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+ 						  "Ignoring unreasonably large security.selinux attribute:"
+-						  " %d > %d",
+-						  (int)value_length, (int)xattr_limit);
++						  " %llu > %llu",
++						  (unsigned long long)value_length,
++						  (unsigned long long)xattr_limit);
+ 				/* TODO: Should this be FAILED instead? */
+ 				err = ARCHIVE_WARN;
+ 			} else {
+@@ -2545,12 +2646,12 @@
+ 			}
+ 			else if (key_length == 8 && memcmp(key, "realsize", 8) == 0) {
+ 				if ((err = pax_attribute_read_number(a, value_length, &t)) == ARCHIVE_OK) {
+-					tar->realsize = t;
+-					tar->realsize_override = 1;
+-					archive_entry_set_size(entry, tar->realsize);
++					tar->SCHILY_sparse_realsize = t;
++					tar->size_fields |= TAR_SIZE_SCHILY_SPARSE_REALSIZE;
+ 				}
+ 				return (err);
+ 			}
++			/* TODO: Is there a SCHILY.sparse.size similar to GNU.sparse.size ? */
+ 			else if (key_length > 6 && memcmp(key, "xattr.", 6) == 0) {
+ 				key_length -= 6;
+ 				key += 6;
+@@ -2568,8 +2669,9 @@
+ 					}
+ 				} else {
+ 					archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-							  "Unreasonably large xattr: %d > %d",
+-							  (int)value_length, (int)xattr_limit);
++							  "Unreasonably large xattr: %llu > %llu",
++							  (unsigned long long)value_length,
++							  (unsigned long long)xattr_limit);
+ 					err = ARCHIVE_WARN;
+ 				}
+ 				__archive_read_consume(a, value_length);
+@@ -2599,8 +2701,9 @@
+ 					}
+ 				} else {
+ 					archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-							  "Unreasonably large sparse map: %d > %d",
+-							  (int)value_length, (int)sparse_map_limit);
++							  "Unreasonably large sparse map: %llu > %llu",
++							  (unsigned long long)value_length,
++							  (unsigned long long)sparse_map_limit);
+ 					err = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
+ 				}
+ 				__archive_read_consume(a, value_length);
+@@ -2669,8 +2772,8 @@
+ 				}
+ 			} else {
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+-						  "hdrcharset attribute is unreasonably large (%d bytes)",
+-						  (int)value_length);
++						  "hdrcharset attribute is unreasonably large (%llu bytes)",
++						  (unsigned long long)value_length);
+ 				err = ARCHIVE_WARN;
+ 			}
+ 			__archive_read_consume(a, value_length);
+@@ -2717,19 +2820,8 @@
+ 		if (key_length == 4 && memcmp(key, "size", 4) == 0) {
+ 			/* "size" is the size of the data in the entry. */
+ 			if ((err = pax_attribute_read_number(a, value_length, &t)) == ARCHIVE_OK) {
+-				tar->entry_bytes_remaining = t;
+-				/*
+-				 * The "size" pax header keyword always overrides the
+-				 * "size" field in the tar header.
+-				 * GNU.sparse.realsize, GNU.sparse.size and
+-				 * SCHILY.realsize override this value.
+-				 */
+-				if (!tar->realsize_override) {
+-					archive_entry_set_size(entry,
+-							       tar->entry_bytes_remaining);
+-					tar->realsize
+-						= tar->entry_bytes_remaining;
+-				}
++				tar->pax_size = t;
++				tar->size_fields |= TAR_SIZE_PAX_SIZE;
+ 			}
+ 			else if (t == INT64_MAX) {
+ 				/* Note: pax_attr_read_number returns INT64_MAX on overflow or < 0 */
+@@ -2768,7 +2860,9 @@
+ 
+ 
+ /*
+- * parse a decimal time value, which may include a fractional portion
++ * Parse a decimal time value, which may include a fractional portion
++ *
++ * Sets ps to INT64_MIN on error.
+  */
+ static void
+ pax_time(const char *p, size_t length, int64_t *ps, long *pn)
+@@ -2784,6 +2878,7 @@
+ 
+ 	if (length <= 0) {
+ 		*ps = 0;
++		*pn = 0;
+ 		return;
+ 	}
+ 	s = 0;
+@@ -2797,8 +2892,9 @@
+ 		digit = *p - '0';
+ 		if (s > limit ||
+ 		    (s == limit && digit > last_digit_limit)) {
+-			s = INT64_MAX;
+-			break;
++			*ps = INT64_MIN;
++			*pn = 0;
++			return;
+ 		}
+ 		s = (s * 10) + digit;
+ 		++p;
+@@ -2829,7 +2925,7 @@
+  */
+ static int
+ header_gnutar(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, size_t *unconsumed)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, const void *h, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	const struct archive_entry_header_gnutar *header;
+ 	int64_t t;
+@@ -2841,11 +2937,6 @@
+ 	 * filename is stored as in old-style archives.
+ 	 */
+ 
+-	/* Grab fields common to all tar variants. */
+-	err = header_common(a, tar, entry, h);
+-	if (err == ARCHIVE_FATAL)
+-		return (err);
+-
+ 	/* Copy filename over (to ensure null termination). */
+ 	header = (const struct archive_entry_header_gnutar *)h;
+ 	const char *existing_pathname = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
+@@ -2894,8 +2985,6 @@
+ 		archive_entry_set_rdev(entry, 0);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	tar->entry_padding = 0x1ff & (-tar->entry_bytes_remaining);
+-
+ 	/* Grab GNU-specific fields. */
+ 	if (!archive_entry_atime_is_set(entry)) {
+ 		t = tar_atol(header->atime, sizeof(header->atime));
+@@ -2909,10 +2998,10 @@
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	if (header->realsize[0] != 0) {
+-		tar->realsize
++		/* Treat as a synonym for the pax GNU.sparse.realsize attr */
++		tar->GNU_sparse_realsize
+ 		    = tar_atol(header->realsize, sizeof(header->realsize));
+-		archive_entry_set_size(entry, tar->realsize);
+-		tar->realsize_override = 1;
++		tar->size_fields |= TAR_SIZE_GNU_SPARSE_REALSIZE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	if (header->sparse[0].offset[0] != 0) {
+@@ -2925,6 +3014,13 @@
+ 		}
+ 	}
+ 
++	/* Grab fields common to all tar variants. */
++	err = header_common(a, tar, entry, h);
++	if (err == ARCHIVE_FATAL)
++		return (err);
++
++	tar->entry_padding = 0x1ff & (-tar->entry_bytes_remaining);
++
+ 	return (err);
+ }
+ 
+@@ -2980,7 +3076,7 @@
+ 
+ static int
+ gnu_sparse_old_read(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    const struct archive_entry_header_gnutar *header, size_t *unconsumed)
++    const struct archive_entry_header_gnutar *header, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	ssize_t bytes_read;
+ 	const void *data;
+@@ -3104,8 +3200,7 @@
+  * it's not possible to support both variants.  This code supports
+  * the later variant at the expense of not supporting the former.
+  *
+- * This variant also replaced GNU.sparse.size with GNU.sparse.realsize
+- * and introduced the GNU.sparse.major/GNU.sparse.minor attributes.
++ * This variant also introduced the GNU.sparse.major/GNU.sparse.minor attributes.
+  */
+ 
+ /*
+@@ -3115,7 +3210,7 @@
+  */
+ static int64_t
+ gnu_sparse_10_atol(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar,
+-    int64_t *remaining, size_t *unconsumed)
++    int64_t *remaining, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	int64_t l, limit, last_digit_limit;
+ 	const char *p;
+@@ -3160,12 +3255,10 @@
+  * Returns length (in bytes) of the sparse data description
+  * that was read.
+  */
+-static ssize_t
+-gnu_sparse_10_read(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar, size_t *unconsumed)
++static int64_t
++gnu_sparse_10_read(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+-	ssize_t bytes_read;
+-	int entries;
+-	int64_t offset, size, to_skip, remaining;
++	int64_t bytes_read, entries, offset, size, to_skip, remaining;
+ 
+ 	/* Clear out the existing sparse list. */
+ 	gnu_clear_sparse_list(tar);
+@@ -3173,7 +3266,7 @@
+ 	remaining = tar->entry_bytes_remaining;
+ 
+ 	/* Parse entries. */
+-	entries = (int)gnu_sparse_10_atol(a, tar, &remaining, unconsumed);
++	entries = gnu_sparse_10_atol(a, tar, &remaining, unconsumed);
+ 	if (entries < 0)
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	/* Parse the individual entries. */
+@@ -3191,14 +3284,14 @@
+ 	}
+ 	/* Skip rest of block... */
+ 	tar_flush_unconsumed(a, unconsumed);
+-	bytes_read = (ssize_t)(tar->entry_bytes_remaining - remaining);
++	bytes_read = tar->entry_bytes_remaining - remaining;
+ 	to_skip = 0x1ff & -bytes_read;
+ 	/* Fail if tar->entry_bytes_remaing would get negative */
+ 	if (to_skip > remaining)
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	if (to_skip != __archive_read_consume(a, to_skip))
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-	return ((ssize_t)(bytes_read + to_skip));
++	return (bytes_read + to_skip);
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+@@ -3408,7 +3501,7 @@
+  */
+ static ssize_t
+ readline(struct archive_read *a, struct tar *tar, const char **start,
+-    ssize_t limit, size_t *unconsumed)
++    ssize_t limit, int64_t *unconsumed)
+ {
+ 	ssize_t bytes_read;
+ 	ssize_t total_size = 0;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_warc.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_warc.c
+@@ -386,7 +386,8 @@
+ 	case LAST_WT:
+ 	default:
+ 		/* consume the content and start over */
+-		_warc_skip(a);
++		if (_warc_skip(a) < 0)
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		goto start_over;
+ 	}
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+@@ -439,7 +440,9 @@
+ {
+ 	struct warc_s *w = a->format->data;
+ 
+-	__archive_read_consume(a, w->cntlen + 4U/*\r\n\r\n separator*/);
++	if (__archive_read_consume(a, w->cntlen) < 0 ||
++	    __archive_read_consume(a, 4U/*\r\n\r\n separator*/) < 0)
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	w->cntlen = 0U;
+ 	w->cntoff = 0U;
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_xar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_xar.c
+@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@
+ #include <bsdxml.h>
+ #elif HAVE_EXPAT_H
+ #include <expat.h>
++#elif HAVE_XMLLITE_H
++#include <objidl.h>
++#include <initguid.h>
++#include <xmllite.h>
+ #endif
+ #ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
+ #include <bzlib.h>
+@@ -56,12 +60,13 @@
+ #include "archive_read_private.h"
+ 
+ #if (!defined(HAVE_LIBXML_XMLREADER_H) && \
+-     !defined(HAVE_BSDXML_H) && !defined(HAVE_EXPAT_H)) ||\
++     !defined(HAVE_BSDXML_H) && !defined(HAVE_EXPAT_H) && \
++     !defined(HAVE_XMLLITE_H)) ||\
+ 	!defined(HAVE_ZLIB_H) || \
+ 	!defined(ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5) || !defined(ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1)
+ /*
+  * xar needs several external libraries.
+- *   o libxml2 or expat --- XML parser
++ *   o libxml2, expat or (Windows only) xmllite --- XML parser
+  *   o openssl or MD5/SHA1 hash function
+  *   o zlib
+  *   o bzlib2 (option)
+@@ -438,6 +443,8 @@
+ static void	expat_end_cb(void *, const XML_Char *);
+ static void	expat_data_cb(void *, const XML_Char *, int);
+ static int	expat_read_toc(struct archive_read *);
++#elif defined(HAVE_XMLLITE_H)
++static int	xmllite_read_toc(struct archive_read *);
+ #endif
+ 
+ int
+@@ -589,6 +596,8 @@
+ 	r = xml2_read_toc(a);
+ #elif defined(HAVE_BSDXML_H) || defined(HAVE_EXPAT_H)
+ 	r = expat_read_toc(a);
++#elif defined(HAVE_XMLLITE_H)
++	r = xmllite_read_toc(a);
+ #endif
+ 	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
+ 		return (r);
+@@ -1110,17 +1119,17 @@
+ 	while (bsize && psize > 1) {
+ 		unsigned char x;
+ 
+-		if (p[0] >= 'a' && p[0] <= 'z')
++		if (p[0] >= 'a' && p[0] <= 'f')
+ 			x = (p[0] - 'a' + 0x0a) << 4;
+-		else if (p[0] >= 'A' && p[0] <= 'Z')
++		else if (p[0] >= 'A' && p[0] <= 'F')
+ 			x = (p[0] - 'A' + 0x0a) << 4;
+ 		else if (p[0] >= '0' && p[0] <= '9')
+ 			x = (p[0] - '0') << 4;
+ 		else
+ 			return (-1);
+-		if (p[1] >= 'a' && p[1] <= 'z')
++		if (p[1] >= 'a' && p[1] <= 'f')
+ 			x |= p[1] - 'a' + 0x0a;
+-		else if (p[1] >= 'A' && p[1] <= 'Z')
++		else if (p[1] >= 'A' && p[1] <= 'F')
+ 			x |= p[1] - 'A' + 0x0a;
+ 		else if (p[1] >= '0' && p[1] <= '9')
+ 			x |= p[1] - '0';
+@@ -1745,15 +1754,6 @@
+ #if defined(HAVE_LZMA_H) && defined(HAVE_LIBLZMA)
+ 	if (xar->lzstream_valid)
+ 		lzma_end(&(xar->lzstream));
+-#elif defined(HAVE_LZMA_H) && defined(HAVE_LIBLZMA)
+-	if (xar->lzstream_valid) {
+-		if (lzmadec_end(&(xar->lzstream)) != LZMADEC_OK) {
+-			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+-			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "Failed to clean up lzmadec decompressor");
+-			r = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
+-		}
+-	}
+ #endif
+ 	return (r);
+ }
+@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@
+ 					if (xar->file->link > 0)
+ 						if (add_link(a, xar, xar->file) != ARCHIVE_OK) {
+ 							return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-						};
++						}
+ 				}
+ 			}
+ 		}
+@@ -2851,7 +2851,6 @@
+ 		xar->file->has |= HAS_XATTR;
+ 		archive_strncpy(&(xar->xattr->fstype), s, len);
+ 		break;
+-		break;
+ 	case FILE_ACL_DEFAULT:
+ 	case FILE_ACL_ACCESS:
+ 	case FILE_ACL_APPLEEXTENDED:
+@@ -3343,6 +3342,326 @@
+ 	XML_ParserFree(parser);
+ 	return (ud.state);
+ }
+-#endif /* defined(HAVE_BSDXML_H) || defined(HAVE_EXPAT_H) */
++
++#elif defined(HAVE_XMLLITE_H)
++
++struct ArchiveStreamAdapter {
++	const ISequentialStreamVtbl *lpVtbl; /* see asaStaticVtable */
++	struct archive_read *a;
++};
++
++static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE
++asaQueryInterface(ISequentialStream *this, REFIID riid, void **ppv)
++{
++	if (!IsEqualIID(riid, &IID_ISequentialStream)) {
++		*ppv = NULL;
++		return E_NOINTERFACE;
++	}
++	*ppv = this;
++	return S_OK;
++}
++
++/*
++ * We can dispense with reference counting as we tightly manage the lifetime
++ * of an ArchiveStreamAdapter.
++ */
++static ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE
++asaAddRef(ISequentialStream *this)
++{
++	(void)this; /* UNUSED */
++	return ULONG_MAX;
++}
++
++static ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE
++asaRelease(ISequentialStream *this)
++{
++	(void)this; /* UNUSED */
++	return ULONG_MAX;
++}
++
++static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE
++asaRead(ISequentialStream *this, void *pv, ULONG cb, ULONG *pcbRead)
++{
++	struct ArchiveStreamAdapter *asa = (struct ArchiveStreamAdapter *)this;
++	struct archive_read *a;
++	struct xar *xar;
++	const void *d = pv;
++	size_t outbytes = cb;
++	size_t used = 0;
++	int r;
++
++	a = asa->a;
++	xar = (struct xar *)(a->format->data);
++
++	*pcbRead = 0;
++
++	if (xar->toc_remaining <= 0)
++		return cb != 0 ? S_FALSE : S_OK;
++
++	r = rd_contents(a, &d, &outbytes, &used, xar->toc_remaining);
++	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
++		return E_FAIL;
++	__archive_read_consume(a, used);
++	xar->toc_remaining -= used;
++	xar->offset += used;
++	xar->toc_total += outbytes;
++	PRINT_TOC(pv, outbytes);
++
++	*pcbRead = (ULONG)outbytes;
++	return outbytes < cb ? S_FALSE : S_OK;
++}
++
++static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE
++asaWrite(ISequentialStream *this, const void *pv, ULONG cb, ULONG *pcbWritten)
++{
++	(void)this; /* UNUSED */
++	(void)pv; /* UNUSED */
++	(void)cb; /* UNUSED */
++	if (!pcbWritten) return E_INVALIDARG;
++	*pcbWritten = 0;
++	return E_NOTIMPL;
++}
++
++static const ISequentialStreamVtbl asaStaticVtable = {
++	.QueryInterface = asaQueryInterface,
++	.AddRef = asaAddRef,
++	.Release = asaRelease,
++	.Read = asaRead,
++	.Write = asaWrite,
++};
++
++static int
++xmllite_create_stream_adapter(struct archive_read *a,
++    struct ArchiveStreamAdapter **pasa)
++{
++	struct ArchiveStreamAdapter *asa =
++	    calloc(1, sizeof(struct ArchiveStreamAdapter));
++	if (!asa) {
++		archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ENOMEM, "Out of memory");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
++	asa->lpVtbl = &asaStaticVtable;
++	asa->a = a;
++	*pasa = asa;
++	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
++}
++
++typedef HRESULT(STDMETHODCALLTYPE *xmllite_wstr_func)(IXmlReader *, LPCWSTR *,
++    UINT *);
++
++/*
++ * Returns an narrow-char archive_string in *as after calling
++ * the wide-char COM API callee() on the XmlReader reader.
++ * Sets an appropriate error on the archive if it fails.
++ */
++static int
++xmllite_call_return_as(struct archive_read *a, struct archive_string *as,
++    IXmlReader *reader, xmllite_wstr_func callee)
++{
++	LPCWSTR wcs;
++	UINT wlen;
++
++	if (FAILED(callee(reader, &wcs, &wlen))) {
++		archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++		    "Failed to read XML data");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
++
++	archive_string_init(as);
++	if (archive_string_append_from_wcs(as, wcs, (size_t)wlen) < 0) {
++		archive_string_free(as);
++		archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ENOMEM, "Out of memory");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
++
++	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
++}
++
++static char *
++xmllite_call_return_mbs(struct archive_read *a, IXmlReader *reader,
++    xmllite_wstr_func callee)
++{
++	char *ret;
++	struct archive_string as;
++
++	if (xmllite_call_return_as(a, &as, reader, callee) < 0) {
++		return NULL;
++	}
++
++	ret = strdup(as.s);
++	archive_string_free(&as);
++	if (ret == NULL) {
++		archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ENOMEM, "Out of memory");
++		return NULL;
++	}
++	return ret;
++}
++
++static int
++xmllite_xmlattr_setup(struct archive_read *a,
++    struct xmlattr_list *list, IXmlReader *reader)
++{
++	struct xmlattr *attr;
++	HRESULT hr;
++
++	list->first = NULL;
++	list->last = &(list->first);
++	hr = reader->lpVtbl->MoveToFirstAttribute(reader);
++	/* Contrary to other checks, we're not using SUCCEEDED/FAILED
++	 * because MoveToNextAttribute returns *S_FALSE* (success!)
++	 * when it runs out of attributes.
++	 */
++	while (hr == S_OK) {
++		/* Attributes implied as being default by the DTD are ignored */
++		if (reader->lpVtbl->IsDefault(reader))
++			continue;
++
++		attr = malloc(sizeof*(attr));
++		if (attr == NULL) {
++			archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ENOMEM,
++			    "Out of memory");
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++
++		attr->name = xmllite_call_return_mbs(a, reader,
++		    reader->lpVtbl->GetLocalName);
++		if (attr->name == NULL) {
++			free(attr);
++			/* xmllite_call_return_mbs sets an appropriate error */
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++
++		attr->value = xmllite_call_return_mbs(a, reader,
++		    reader->lpVtbl->GetValue);
++		if (attr->value == NULL) {
++			free(attr->name);
++			free(attr);
++			/* xmllite_call_return_mbs sets an appropriate error */
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++
++		attr->next = NULL;
++		*list->last = attr;
++		list->last = &(attr->next);
++		hr = reader->lpVtbl->MoveToNextAttribute(reader);
++	}
++
++	if (FAILED(hr)) {
++		archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
++		    "Failed to parse XML document");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++	}
++
++	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
++}
++
++static int
++xmllite_read_toc(struct archive_read *a)
++{
++	struct ArchiveStreamAdapter *asa = NULL;
++	char *name;
++	struct archive_string as;
++	BOOL empty;
++	XmlNodeType type;
++	struct xmlattr_list list;
++	IXmlReader *reader = NULL;
++	int r = ARCHIVE_OK;
++
++	if ((r = xmllite_create_stream_adapter(a, &asa)) < 0) {
++		goto out;
++	}
++
++	if (FAILED(CreateXmlReader(&IID_IXmlReader, (void **)&reader, NULL))) {
++		r = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++		goto out;
++	}
++
++	if (FAILED(reader->lpVtbl->SetInput(reader, (IUnknown *)asa))) {
++		archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++		    "Failed to prepare XML stream");
++		r = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++		goto out;
++	}
++
++	while (!reader->lpVtbl->IsEOF(reader)) {
++		if (FAILED(reader->lpVtbl->Read(reader, &type))) {
++			archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			    "Failed to read XML stream");
++			r = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++			goto out;
++		}
++
++		switch (type) {
++		case XmlNodeType_Element:
++			empty = reader->lpVtbl->IsEmptyElement(reader);
++
++			name = xmllite_call_return_mbs(a, reader,
++			    reader->lpVtbl->GetLocalName);
++			if (name == NULL) {
++				/* xmllite_call_return_mbs sets an appropriate error */
++				r = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++				goto out;
++			}
++
++			r = xmllite_xmlattr_setup(a, &list, reader);
++			if (r == ARCHIVE_OK) {
++				r = xml_start(a, name, &list);
++			}
++			xmlattr_cleanup(&list);
++			if (r == ARCHIVE_OK && empty) {
++				xml_end(a, name);
++			}
++
++			free(name);
++			if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
++				goto out;
++			}
++
++			break;
++		case XmlNodeType_EndElement:
++			name = xmllite_call_return_mbs(a, reader,
++			    reader->lpVtbl->GetLocalName);
++			if (name == NULL) {
++				/* xmllite_call_return_mbs sets an appropriate error */
++				r = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++				goto out;
++			}
++
++			xml_end(a, name);
++			free(name);
++			break;
++		case XmlNodeType_Text:
++			r = xmllite_call_return_as(a, &as, reader,
++			    reader->lpVtbl->GetValue);
++			if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
++				/* xmllite_call_return_as sets an appropriate error */
++				goto out;
++			}
++
++			xml_data(a, as.s, (int)archive_strlen(&as));
++			archive_string_free(&as);
++
++		case XmlNodeType_None:
++		case XmlNodeType_Attribute:
++		case XmlNodeType_CDATA:
++		case XmlNodeType_ProcessingInstruction:
++		case XmlNodeType_Comment:
++		case XmlNodeType_DocumentType:
++		case XmlNodeType_Whitespace:
++		case XmlNodeType_XmlDeclaration:
++		default:
++			break;
++		}
++	}
++
++out:
++	if (reader)
++		reader->lpVtbl->Release(reader);
++
++	free(asa);
++
++	return r;
++}
++#endif /* defined(XMLLITE) */
+ 
+ #endif /* Support xar format */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_zip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_read_support_format_zip.c
+@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
+ #include "archive_private.h"
+ #include "archive_rb.h"
+ #include "archive_read_private.h"
++#include "archive_time_private.h"
+ #include "archive_ppmd8_private.h"
+ 
+ #ifndef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+@@ -465,27 +466,6 @@
+ 	return "??";
+ }
+ 
+-/* Convert an MSDOS-style date/time into Unix-style time. */
+-static time_t
+-zip_time(const char *p)
+-{
+-	int msTime, msDate;
+-	struct tm ts;
+-
+-	msTime = (0xff & (unsigned)p[0]) + 256 * (0xff & (unsigned)p[1]);
+-	msDate = (0xff & (unsigned)p[2]) + 256 * (0xff & (unsigned)p[3]);
+-
+-	memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(ts));
+-	ts.tm_year = ((msDate >> 9) & 0x7f) + 80; /* Years since 1900. */
+-	ts.tm_mon = ((msDate >> 5) & 0x0f) - 1; /* Month number. */
+-	ts.tm_mday = msDate & 0x1f; /* Day of month. */
+-	ts.tm_hour = (msTime >> 11) & 0x1f;
+-	ts.tm_min = (msTime >> 5) & 0x3f;
+-	ts.tm_sec = (msTime << 1) & 0x3e;
+-	ts.tm_isdst = -1;
+-	return mktime(&ts);
+-}
+-
+ /*
+  * The extra data is stored as a list of
+  *	id1+size1+data1 + id2+size2+data2 ...
+@@ -978,7 +958,7 @@
+ 	}
+ 	zip->init_decryption = (zip_entry->zip_flags & ZIP_ENCRYPTED);
+ 	zip_entry->compression = (char)archive_le16dec(p + 8);
+-	zip_entry->mtime = zip_time(p + 10);
++	zip_entry->mtime = dos_to_unix(archive_le32dec(p + 10));
+ 	zip_entry->crc32 = archive_le32dec(p + 14);
+ 	if (zip_entry->zip_flags & ZIP_LENGTH_AT_END)
+ 		zip_entry->decdat = p[11];
+@@ -2134,15 +2114,15 @@
+ 
+ 	if(order < 2 || restore_method > 2) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_FILE_FORMAT,
+-		    "Invalid parameter set in PPMd8 stream (order=%" PRId32 ", "
+-		    "restore=%" PRId32 ")", order, restore_method);
++		    "Invalid parameter set in PPMd8 stream (order=%" PRIu32 ", "
++		    "restore=%" PRIu32 ")", order, restore_method);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Allocate the memory needed to properly decompress the file. */
+ 	if(!__archive_ppmd8_functions.Ppmd8_Alloc(&zip->ppmd8, mem << 20)) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
+-		    "Unable to allocate memory for PPMd8 stream: %" PRId32 " bytes",
++		    "Unable to allocate memory for PPMd8 stream: %" PRIu32 " bytes",
+ 		    mem << 20);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+@@ -3168,7 +3148,6 @@
+ 		/* We can't decompress this entry, but we will
+ 		 * be able to skip() it and try the next entry. */
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
+-		break;
+ 	}
+ 	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
+ 		return (r);
+@@ -3987,7 +3966,7 @@
+ 			zip->has_encrypted_entries = 1;
+ 		}
+ 		zip_entry->compression = (char)archive_le16dec(p + 10);
+-		zip_entry->mtime = zip_time(p + 12);
++		zip_entry->mtime = dos_to_unix(archive_le32dec(p + 12));
+ 		zip_entry->crc32 = archive_le32dec(p + 16);
+ 		if (zip_entry->zip_flags & ZIP_LENGTH_AT_END)
+ 			zip_entry->decdat = p[13];
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_string.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_string.c
+@@ -154,7 +154,6 @@
+     struct archive_string_conv *);
+ static int archive_string_append_from_wcs_in_codepage(struct archive_string *,
+     const wchar_t *, size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+-static int is_big_endian(void);
+ static int strncat_in_codepage(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+     size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+ static int win_strncat_from_utf16be(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+@@ -199,6 +198,29 @@
+ static int archive_string_append_unicode(struct archive_string *,
+     const void *, size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+ 
++#if defined __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
++  #define IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
++#elif defined __BIG_ENDIAN__
++  #define IS_BIG_ENDIAN 1
++#elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
++  #define IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
++#elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
++  #define IS_BIG_ENDIAN 1
++#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_ARM64))
++  #define IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
++#else
++// Detect endianness at runtime.
++static int
++is_big_endian(void)
++{
++	uint16_t d = 1;
++
++	return (archive_be16dec(&d) == 1);
++}
++
++#define IS_BIG_ENDIAN is_big_endian()
++#endif
++
+ static struct archive_string *
+ archive_string_append(struct archive_string *as, const char *p, size_t s)
+ {
+@@ -450,7 +472,8 @@
+ archive_wstring_append_from_mbs_in_codepage(struct archive_wstring *dest,
+     const char *s, size_t length, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+ {
+-	int count, ret = 0;
++	int ret = 0;
++	size_t count;
+ 	UINT from_cp;
+ 
+ 	if (sc != NULL)
+@@ -472,7 +495,7 @@
+ 		ws = dest->s + dest->length;
+ 		mp = (const unsigned char *)s;
+ 		count = 0;
+-		while (count < (int)length && *mp) {
++		while (count < length && *mp) {
+ 			*ws++ = (wchar_t)*mp++;
+ 			count++;
+ 		}
+@@ -485,7 +508,7 @@
+ 		struct archive_string u16;
+ 		int saved_flag = sc->flag;/* save current flag. */
+ 
+-		if (is_big_endian())
++		if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN)
+ 			sc->flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16BE;
+ 		else
+ 			sc->flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16LE;
+@@ -495,16 +518,16 @@
+ 			 *  UTF-16BE/LE NFD ===> UTF-16 NFC
+ 			 *  UTF-16BE/LE NFC ===> UTF-16 NFD
+ 			 */
+-			count = (int)utf16nbytes(s, length);
++			count = utf16nbytes(s, length);
+ 		} else {
+ 			/*
+ 			 *  UTF-8 NFD ===> UTF-16 NFC
+ 			 *  UTF-8 NFC ===> UTF-16 NFD
+ 			 */
+-			count = (int)mbsnbytes(s, length);
++			count = mbsnbytes(s, length);
+ 		}
+ 		u16.s = (char *)dest->s;
+-		u16.length = dest->length << 1;;
++		u16.length = dest->length << 1;
+ 		u16.buffer_length = dest->buffer_length;
+ 		if (sc->flag & SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C)
+ 			ret = archive_string_normalize_C(&u16, s, count, sc);
+@@ -516,23 +539,23 @@
+ 		sc->flag = saved_flag;/* restore the saved flag. */
+ 		return (ret);
+ 	} else if (sc != NULL && (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16)) {
+-		count = (int)utf16nbytes(s, length);
++		count = utf16nbytes(s, length);
+ 		count >>= 1; /* to be WCS length */
+ 		/* Allocate memory for WCS. */
+ 		if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest,
+ 		    dest->length + count + 1))
+ 			return (-1);
+ 		wmemcpy(dest->s + dest->length, (const wchar_t *)s, count);
+-		if ((sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE) && !is_big_endian()) {
++		if ((sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE) && !IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+ 			uint16_t *u16 = (uint16_t *)(dest->s + dest->length);
+-			int b;
++			size_t b;
+ 			for (b = 0; b < count; b++) {
+ 				uint16_t val = archive_le16dec(u16+b);
+ 				archive_be16enc(u16+b, val);
+ 			}
+-		} else if ((sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE) && is_big_endian()) {
++		} else if ((sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE) && IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+ 			uint16_t *u16 = (uint16_t *)(dest->s + dest->length);
+-			int b;
++			size_t b;
+ 			for (b = 0; b < count; b++) {
+ 				uint16_t val = archive_be16dec(u16+b);
+ 				archive_le16enc(u16+b, val);
+@@ -556,21 +579,28 @@
+ 
+ 		buffsize = dest->length + length + 1;
+ 		do {
++			int r;
++
++			/* MultiByteToWideChar is limited to int. */
++			if (length > (size_t)INT_MAX ||
++				(dest->buffer_length >> 1) > (size_t)INT_MAX)
++				return (-1);
+ 			/* Allocate memory for WCS. */
+ 			if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest, buffsize))
+ 				return (-1);
+ 			/* Convert MBS to WCS. */
+-			count = MultiByteToWideChar(from_cp,
++			r = MultiByteToWideChar(from_cp,
+ 			    mbflag, s, (int)length, dest->s + dest->length,
+ 			    (int)(dest->buffer_length >> 1) -1);
+-			if (count == 0 &&
++			if (r == 0 &&
+ 			    GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+ 				/* Expand the WCS buffer. */
+ 				buffsize = dest->buffer_length << 1;
+ 				continue;
+ 			}
+-			if (count == 0 && length != 0)
++			if (r == 0 && length != 0)
+ 				ret = -1;
++			count = (size_t)r;
+ 			break;
+ 		} while (1);
+ 	}
+@@ -679,9 +709,9 @@
+     const wchar_t *ws, size_t len, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+ {
+ 	BOOL defchar_used, *dp;
+-	int count, ret = 0;
++	int ret = 0;
+ 	UINT to_cp;
+-	int wslen = (int)len;
++	size_t count, wslen = len;
+ 
+ 	if (sc != NULL)
+ 		to_cp = sc->to_cp;
+@@ -720,13 +750,13 @@
+ 		count = 0;
+ 		defchar_used = 0;
+ 		if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16BE) {
+-			while (count < (int)len && *ws) {
++			while (count < len && *ws) {
+ 				archive_be16enc(u16+count, *ws);
+ 				ws++;
+ 				count++;
+ 			}
+ 		} else {
+-			while (count < (int)len && *ws) {
++			while (count < len && *ws) {
+ 				archive_le16enc(u16+count, *ws);
+ 				ws++;
+ 				count++;
+@@ -739,15 +769,21 @@
+ 		    archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + len * 2 + 1))
+ 			return (-1);
+ 		do {
++			int r;
++
+ 			defchar_used = 0;
+ 			if (to_cp == CP_UTF8 || sc == NULL)
+ 				dp = NULL;
+ 			else
+ 				dp = &defchar_used;
+-			count = WideCharToMultiByte(to_cp, 0, ws, wslen,
++			/* WideCharToMultiByte is limited to int. */
++			if (as->buffer_length - as->length - 1 > (size_t)INT_MAX ||
++				wslen > (size_t)INT_MAX)
++				return (-1);
++			r = WideCharToMultiByte(to_cp, 0, ws, (int)wslen,
+ 			    as->s + as->length,
+-			    (int)as->buffer_length - (int)as->length - 1, NULL, dp);
+-			if (count == 0 &&
++			    (int)(as->buffer_length - as->length - 1), NULL, dp);
++			if (r == 0 &&
+ 			    GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+ 				/* Expand the MBS buffer and retry. */
+ 				if (NULL == archive_string_ensure(as,
+@@ -755,8 +791,9 @@
+ 					return (-1);
+ 				continue;
+ 			}
+-			if (count == 0)
++			if (r == 0)
+ 				ret = -1;
++			count = (size_t)r;
+ 			break;
+ 		} while (1);
+ 	}
+@@ -2032,7 +2069,7 @@
+ 	char *outp;
+ 	size_t avail, bs;
+ 	int return_value = 0; /* success */
+-	int to_size, from_size;
++	size_t to_size, from_size;
+ 
+ 	if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16)
+ 		to_size = 2;
+@@ -2051,7 +2088,7 @@
+ 	remaining = length;
+ 	outp = as->s + as->length;
+ 	avail = as->buffer_length - as->length - to_size;
+-	while (remaining >= (size_t)from_size) {
++	while (remaining >= from_size) {
+ 		size_t result = iconv(cd, &itp, &remaining, &outp, &avail);
+ 
+ 		if (result != (size_t)-1)
+@@ -2174,6 +2211,8 @@
+ 	if (codepage != CP_UTF8)
+ 		mbflag |= MB_PRECOMPOSED;
+ 
++	if (n > (size_t)INT_MAX)
++		return (-1); /* Invalid */
+ 	if (MultiByteToWideChar(codepage, mbflag, p, (int)n, NULL, 0) == 0)
+ 		return (-1); /* Invalid */
+ 	return (0); /* Okay */
+@@ -2327,7 +2366,7 @@
+ 	cnt = utf8_count[ch];
+ 
+ 	/* Invalid sequence or there are not plenty bytes. */
+-	if ((int)n < cnt) {
++	if (n < (size_t)cnt) {
+ 		cnt = (int)n;
+ 		for (i = 1; i < cnt; i++) {
+ 			if ((s[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+@@ -2396,7 +2435,7 @@
+ 			cnt = 6;
+ 		else
+ 			cnt = 1;
+-		if ((int)n < cnt)
++		if (n < (size_t)cnt)
+ 			cnt = (int)n;
+ 		for (i = 1; i < cnt; i++) {
+ 			if ((s[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+@@ -2612,7 +2651,7 @@
+ 	} else {
+ 		if (remaining < 2)
+ 			return (0);
+-		archive_be16enc(utf16, uc);
++		archive_be16enc(utf16, (uint16_t)uc);
+ 		return (2);
+ 	}
+ }
+@@ -2634,7 +2673,7 @@
+ 	} else {
+ 		if (remaining < 2)
+ 			return (0);
+-		archive_le16enc(utf16, uc);
++		archive_le16enc(utf16, (uint16_t)uc);
+ 		return (2);
+ 	}
+ }
+@@ -3499,10 +3538,9 @@
+ {
+ 	struct archive_string tmp;
+ 	const char *u16;
+-	int ll;
+ 	BOOL defchar;
+ 	char *mbs;
+-	size_t mbs_size, b;
++	size_t mbs_size, b, ll;
+ 	int ret = 0;
+ 
+ 	bytes &= ~1;
+@@ -3538,7 +3576,7 @@
+ 
+ 	archive_string_init(&tmp);
+ 	if (be) {
+-		if (is_big_endian()) {
++		if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+ 			u16 = _p;
+ 		} else {
+ 			if (archive_string_ensure(&tmp, bytes+2) == NULL)
+@@ -3551,7 +3589,7 @@
+ 			u16 = tmp.s;
+ 		}
+ 	} else {
+-		if (!is_big_endian()) {
++		if (!IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+ 			u16 = _p;
+ 		} else {
+ 			if (archive_string_ensure(&tmp, bytes+2) == NULL)
+@@ -3566,18 +3604,24 @@
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	do {
++		int r;
+ 		defchar = 0;
+-		ll = WideCharToMultiByte(sc->to_cp, 0,
++		/* WideCharToMultiByte is limited to int. */
++		if (bytes > (size_t)INT_MAX || mbs_size > (size_t)INT_MAX)
++			return (-1);
++		r = WideCharToMultiByte(sc->to_cp, 0,
+ 		    (LPCWSTR)u16, (int)bytes>>1, mbs, (int)mbs_size,
+ 			NULL, &defchar);
+ 		/* Exit loop if we succeeded */
+-		if (ll != 0 ||
++		if (r != 0 ||
+ 		    GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
++			ll = (size_t)r;
+ 			break;
+ 		}
+ 		/* Else expand buffer and loop to try again. */
+-		ll = WideCharToMultiByte(sc->to_cp, 0,
++		r = WideCharToMultiByte(sc->to_cp, 0,
+ 		    (LPCWSTR)u16, (int)bytes, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
++		ll = (size_t)r;
+ 		if (archive_string_ensure(as, ll +1) == NULL)
+ 			return (-1);
+ 		mbs = as->s + as->length;
+@@ -3605,14 +3649,6 @@
+ 	return (win_strncat_from_utf16(as, _p, bytes, sc, 0));
+ }
+ 
+-static int
+-is_big_endian(void)
+-{
+-	uint16_t d = 1;
+-
+-	return (archive_be16dec(&d) == 1);
+-}
+-
+ /*
+  * Convert a current locale string to UTF-16BE/LE and copy the result.
+  * Return -1 if conversion fails.
+@@ -3651,16 +3687,21 @@
+ 		return (0);
+ 	}
+ 	do {
+-		count = MultiByteToWideChar(sc->from_cp,
++		int r;
++		if (length > (size_t)INT_MAX || (avail >> 1) > (size_t)INT_MAX)
++			return (-1);
++		r = MultiByteToWideChar(sc->from_cp,
+ 		    MB_PRECOMPOSED, s, (int)length, (LPWSTR)u16, (int)avail>>1);
+ 		/* Exit loop if we succeeded */
+-		if (count != 0 ||
++		if (r != 0 ||
+ 		    GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
++			count = (size_t)r;
+ 			break;
+ 		}
+ 		/* Expand buffer and try again */
+-		count = MultiByteToWideChar(sc->from_cp,
++		r = MultiByteToWideChar(sc->from_cp,
+ 		    MB_PRECOMPOSED, s, (int)length, NULL, 0);
++		count = (size_t)r;
+ 		if (archive_string_ensure(as16, (count +1) * 2)
+ 		    == NULL)
+ 			return (-1);
+@@ -3673,7 +3714,7 @@
+ 	if (count == 0)
+ 		return (-1);
+ 
+-	if (is_big_endian()) {
++	if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+ 		if (!bigendian) {
+ 			while (count > 0) {
+ 				uint16_t v = archive_be16dec(u16);
+@@ -3811,9 +3852,9 @@
+ 			ret = -1;
+ 		}
+ 		if (bigendian)
+-			archive_be16enc(utf16, c);
++			archive_be16enc(utf16, (uint16_t)c);
+ 		else
+-			archive_le16enc(utf16, c);
++			archive_le16enc(utf16, (uint16_t)c);
+ 		utf16 += 2;
+ 	}
+ 	as16->length = utf16 - as16->s;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_string_composition.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_string_composition.h
+@@ -2286,5 +2286,4 @@
+ 	{ 0x110AB , 0x110A5 , 0x110BA },
+ };
+ 
+-#endif /* ARCHIVE_STRING_COMPOSITION_H_INCLUDED */
+-
++#endif /* !ARCHIVE_STRING_COMPOSITION_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_string_sprintf.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_string_sprintf.c
+@@ -116,8 +116,14 @@
+ 
+ 		long_flag = '\0';
+ 		switch(*p) {
+-		case 'j':
+ 		case 'l':
++			if (p[1] == 'l') {
++				long_flag = 'L';
++				p += 2;
++				break;
++			}
++			__LA_FALLTHROUGH;
++		case 'j':
+ 		case 'z':
+ 			long_flag = *p;
+ 			p++;
+@@ -136,6 +142,7 @@
+ 			switch(long_flag) {
+ 			case 'j': s = va_arg(ap, intmax_t); break;
+ 			case 'l': s = va_arg(ap, long); break;
++			case 'L': s = va_arg(ap, long long); break;
+ 			case 'z': s = va_arg(ap, ssize_t); break;
+ 			default:  s = va_arg(ap, int); break;
+ 			}
+@@ -144,6 +151,7 @@
+ 		case 's':
+ 			switch(long_flag) {
+ 			case 'l':
++			case 'L':
+ 				pw = va_arg(ap, wchar_t *);
+ 				if (pw == NULL)
+ 					pw = L"(null)";
+@@ -172,6 +180,7 @@
+ 			switch(long_flag) {
+ 			case 'j': u = va_arg(ap, uintmax_t); break;
+ 			case 'l': u = va_arg(ap, unsigned long); break;
++			case 'L': u = va_arg(ap, unsigned long long); break;
+ 			case 'z': u = va_arg(ap, size_t); break;
+ 			default:  u = va_arg(ap, unsigned int); break;
+ 			}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_time.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright © 2025 ARJANEN LoĂ¯c Jean David
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++
++#include "archive_platform.h"
++#include "archive_private.h"
++#include "archive_time_private.h"
++#include <limits.h>
++#include <stdlib.h>
++#include <string.h>
++
++#define NTFS_EPOC_TIME ARCHIVE_LITERAL_ULL(11644473600)
++#define NTFS_TICKS ARCHIVE_LITERAL_ULL(10000000)
++#define NTFS_EPOC_TICKS (NTFS_EPOC_TIME * NTFS_TICKS)
++#define DOS_MIN_TIME 0x00210000U
++#define DOS_MAX_TIME 0xff9fbf7dU
++
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++#include <winnt.h>
++/* Windows FILETIME to NTFS time. */
++uint64_t
++FILETIME_to_ntfs(const FILETIME* filetime)
++{
++	ULARGE_INTEGER utc;
++	utc.HighPart = filetime->dwHighDateTime;
++	utc.LowPart  = filetime->dwLowDateTime;
++	return utc.QuadPart;
++}
++#endif
++
++/* Convert an MSDOS-style date/time into Unix-style time. */
++int64_t
++dos_to_unix(uint32_t dos_time)
++{
++	uint16_t msTime, msDate;
++	struct tm ts;
++	time_t t;
++
++	msTime = (0xFFFF & dos_time);
++	msDate = (dos_time >> 16);
++
++	memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(ts));
++	ts.tm_year = ((msDate >> 9) & 0x7f) + 80; /* Years since 1900. */
++	ts.tm_mon = ((msDate >> 5) & 0x0f) - 1; /* Month number. */
++	ts.tm_mday = msDate & 0x1f; /* Day of month. */
++	ts.tm_hour = (msTime >> 11) & 0x1f;
++	ts.tm_min = (msTime >> 5) & 0x3f;
++	ts.tm_sec = (msTime << 1) & 0x3e;
++	ts.tm_isdst = -1;
++	t = mktime(&ts);
++	return (int64_t)(t == (time_t)-1 ? INT32_MAX : t);
++}
++
++/* Convert into MSDOS-style date/time. */
++uint32_t
++unix_to_dos(int64_t unix_time)
++{
++	struct tm *t;
++	uint32_t dt;
++	time_t ut = unix_time;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	struct tm tmbuf;
++#endif
++
++	if (sizeof(time_t) < sizeof(int64_t) && (int64_t)ut != unix_time) {
++		ut = (time_t)(unix_time > 0 ? INT32_MAX : INT32_MIN);
++	}
++
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	t = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &ut) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	t = localtime_r(&ut, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	t = localtime(&ut);
++#endif
++	dt = 0;
++	if (t != NULL && t->tm_year >= INT_MIN + 80) {
++		const int year = t->tm_year - 80;
++
++		if (year & ~0x7f) {
++			dt = year > 0 ? DOS_MAX_TIME : DOS_MIN_TIME;
++		}
++		else {
++			dt += (year & 0x7f) << 9;
++			dt += ((t->tm_mon + 1) & 0x0f) << 5;
++			dt += (t->tm_mday & 0x1f);
++			dt <<= 16;
++			dt += (t->tm_hour & 0x1f) << 11;
++			dt += (t->tm_min & 0x3f) << 5;
++			/* Only counting every 2 seconds. */
++			dt += (t->tm_sec & 0x3e) >> 1;
++		}
++	}
++	if (dt > DOS_MAX_TIME) {
++		dt = DOS_MAX_TIME;
++	}
++	else if (dt < DOS_MIN_TIME) {
++		dt = DOS_MIN_TIME;
++	}
++	return dt;
++}
++
++/* Convert NTFS time to Unix sec/nsec */
++void
++ntfs_to_unix(uint64_t ntfs, int64_t* secs, uint32_t* nsecs)
++{
++	if (ntfs > INT64_MAX) {
++		ntfs -= NTFS_EPOC_TICKS;
++		*secs = ntfs / NTFS_TICKS;
++		*nsecs = 100 * (ntfs % NTFS_TICKS);
++	}
++	else {
++		lldiv_t tdiv;
++		int64_t value = (int64_t)ntfs - (int64_t)NTFS_EPOC_TICKS;
++
++		tdiv = lldiv(value, NTFS_TICKS);
++		*secs = tdiv.quot;
++		*nsecs = (uint32_t)(tdiv.rem * 100);
++	}
++}
++
++/* Convert Unix sec/nsec to NTFS time */
++uint64_t
++unix_to_ntfs(int64_t secs, uint32_t nsecs)
++{
++	uint64_t ntfs;
++
++	if (secs < -(int64_t)NTFS_EPOC_TIME)
++		return 0;
++
++	ntfs = secs + NTFS_EPOC_TIME;
++
++	if (ntfs > UINT64_MAX / NTFS_TICKS)
++		return UINT64_MAX;
++
++	ntfs *= NTFS_TICKS;
++
++	if (ntfs > UINT64_MAX - nsecs/100)
++		return UINT64_MAX;
++
++	return ntfs + nsecs/100;
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_time_private.h
+@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright © 2025 ARJANEN LoĂ¯c Jean David
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#ifndef ARCHIVE_TIME_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED
++#define ARCHIVE_TIME_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED
++
++#ifndef __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD
++#error This header is only to be used internally to libarchive.
++#endif
++#include <stdint.h>
++
++/* NTFS time to Unix sec/nsec. */
++void ntfs_to_unix(uint64_t ntfs, int64_t* secs, uint32_t* nsecs);
++/* DOS time to Unix sec. */
++int64_t dos_to_unix(uint32_t dos);
++/* Unix sec/nsec to NTFS time. */
++uint64_t unix_to_ntfs(int64_t secs, uint32_t nsecs);
++/* Unix sec to DOS time. */
++uint32_t unix_to_dos(int64_t secs);
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++#include <windef.h>
++#include <winbase.h>
++/* Windows FILETIME to NTFS time. */
++uint64_t FILETIME_to_ntfs(const FILETIME* filetime);
++#endif
++#endif /* ARCHIVE_TIME_PRIVATE_H_INCLUDED */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_util.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_util.c
+@@ -77,7 +77,9 @@
+ #define O_CLOEXEC	0
+ #endif
+ 
+-static int archive_utility_string_sort_helper(char **, unsigned int);
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
++static int __LA_LIBC_CC archive_utility_string_sort_helper(const void *, const void *);
++#endif
+ 
+ /* Generic initialization of 'struct archive' objects. */
+ int
+@@ -629,74 +631,28 @@
+ #endif
+ }
+ 
++#if ARCHIVE_VERSION_NUMBER < 4000000
+ /*
+- * Utility function to sort a group of strings using quicksort.
++ * Utility functions to sort a group of strings using quicksort.
+  */
+ static int
+-archive_utility_string_sort_helper(char **strings, unsigned int n)
++__LA_LIBC_CC
++archive_utility_string_sort_helper(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+ {
+-	unsigned int i, lesser_count, greater_count;
+-	char **lesser, **greater, **tmp, *pivot;
+-	int retval1, retval2;
+-
+-	/* A list of 0 or 1 elements is already sorted */
+-	if (n <= 1)
+-		return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+-
+-	lesser_count = greater_count = 0;
+-	lesser = greater = NULL;
+-	pivot = strings[0];
+-	for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
+-	{
+-		if (strcmp(strings[i], pivot) < 0)
+-		{
+-			lesser_count++;
+-			tmp = realloc(lesser, lesser_count * sizeof(*tmp));
+-			if (!tmp) {
+-				free(greater);
+-				free(lesser);
+-				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-			}
+-			lesser = tmp;
+-			lesser[lesser_count - 1] = strings[i];
+-		}
+-		else
+-		{
+-			greater_count++;
+-			tmp = realloc(greater, greater_count * sizeof(*tmp));
+-			if (!tmp) {
+-				free(greater);
+-				free(lesser);
+-				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-			}
+-			greater = tmp;
+-			greater[greater_count - 1] = strings[i];
+-		}
+-	}
++	const char * const * const s1 = p1;
++	const char * const * const s2 = p2;
+ 
+-	/* quicksort(lesser) */
+-	retval1 = archive_utility_string_sort_helper(lesser, lesser_count);
+-	for (i = 0; i < lesser_count; i++)
+-		strings[i] = lesser[i];
+-	free(lesser);
+-
+-	/* pivot */
+-	strings[lesser_count] = pivot;
+-
+-	/* quicksort(greater) */
+-	retval2 = archive_utility_string_sort_helper(greater, greater_count);
+-	for (i = 0; i < greater_count; i++)
+-		strings[lesser_count + 1 + i] = greater[i];
+-	free(greater);
+-
+-	return (retval1 < retval2) ? retval1 : retval2;
++	return strcmp(*s1, *s2);
+ }
+ 
+ int
+ archive_utility_string_sort(char **strings)
+ {
+-	  unsigned int size = 0;
+-	  while (strings[size] != NULL)
++	size_t size = 0;
++	while (strings[size] != NULL)
+ 		size++;
+-	  return archive_utility_string_sort_helper(strings, size);
++	qsort(strings, size, sizeof(char *),
++	      archive_utility_string_sort_helper);
++	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
++#endif
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_version_details.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_version_details.c
+@@ -46,11 +46,125 @@
+ #endif
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZSTD_H
+ #include <zstd.h>
++#include <stdio.h>
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_LZO_LZOCONF_H
++#include <lzo/lzoconf.h>
++#endif
++#if HAVE_LIBXML_XMLVERSION_H
++#include <libxml/xmlversion.h>
++#elif HAVE_BSDXML_H
++#include <bsdxml.h>
++#elif HAVE_EXPAT_H
++#include <expat.h>
++#endif
++#if HAVE_MBEDTLS_VERSION_H
++#include <mbedtls/version.h>
++#endif
++#if HAVE_NETTLE_VERSION_H
++#include <nettle/version.h>
++#include <stdio.h>
++#endif
++#if HAVE_OPENSSL_OPENSSLV_H
++#include <openssl/opensslv.h>
++#include <stdio.h>
++#endif
++#if HAVE_ICONV_H
++#include <iconv.h>
++#endif
++#if HAVE_PCRE_H
++#include <pcre.h>
++#endif
++#if HAVE_PCRE2_H
++#include <pcre2.h>
+ #endif
+ 
+ #include "archive.h"
+ #include "archive_private.h"
+ #include "archive_string.h"
++#include "archive_cryptor_private.h"
++#include "archive_digest_private.h"
++
++static void
++archive_regex_version(struct archive_string* str)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBPCREPOSIX && HAVE_PCRE_H
++	archive_strcat(str, " libpcre/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_libpcre_version());
++#elif HAVE_LIBPCRE2POSIX && HAVE_PCRE2_H
++	archive_strcat(str, " libpcre2/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_libpcre2_version());
++#else
++	(void)str; /* UNUSED */
++#endif
++}
++
++static void
++archive_xml_version(struct archive_string* str)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBXML_XMLVERSION_H && HAVE_LIBXML2
++	archive_strcat(str, " libxml2/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_libxml2_version());
++#elif HAVE_BSDXML_H && HAVE_LIBBSDXML
++	archive_strcat(str, " bsdxml/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_libbsdxml_version());
++#elif HAVE_EXPAT_H && HAVE_LIBEXPAT
++	archive_strcat(str, " expat/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_libexpat_version());
++#else
++	(void)str; /* UNUSED */
++#endif
++}
++
++static void
++archive_libb2_version(struct archive_string* str)
++{
++	archive_strcat(str, " libb2/");
++#if HAVE_BLAKE2_H && HAVE_LIBB2
++#if defined(LIBB2_PKGCONFIG_VERSION)
++	archive_strcat(str, LIBB2_PKGCONFIG_VERSION);
++#else
++	archive_strcat(str, "system");
++#endif
++#else
++	archive_strcat(str, "bundled");
++#endif
++}
++
++static void
++archive_crypto_version(struct archive_string* str)
++{
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_Apple_CommonCrypto)
++	archive_strcat(str, " CommonCrypto/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_commoncrypto_version());
++#endif
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_CNG)
++	archive_strcat(str, " cng/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_cng_version());
++#endif
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_MBED)
++	archive_strcat(str, " mbedtls/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_mbedtls_version());
++#endif
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_NETTLE)
++	archive_strcat(str, " nettle/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_nettle_version());
++#endif
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_OPENSSL)
++	archive_strcat(str, " openssl/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_openssl_version());
++#endif
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_LIBMD)
++	archive_strcat(str, " libmd/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_libmd_version());
++#endif
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_WINCRYPT)
++	archive_strcat(str, " WinCrypt/");
++	archive_strcat(str, archive_wincrypt_version());
++#endif
++	// Just in case
++	(void)str; /* UNUSED */
++}
+ 
+ const char *
+ archive_version_details(void)
+@@ -62,12 +176,17 @@
+ 	const char *bzlib = archive_bzlib_version();
+ 	const char *liblz4 = archive_liblz4_version();
+ 	const char *libzstd = archive_libzstd_version();
++	const char *liblzo = archive_liblzo2_version();
++	const char *libiconv = archive_libiconv_version();
++	const char *libacl = archive_libacl_version();
++	const char *librichacl = archive_librichacl_version();
++	const char *libattr = archive_libacl_version();
+ 
+ 	if (!init) {
+ 		archive_string_init(&str);
+ 
+ 		archive_strcat(&str, ARCHIVE_VERSION_STRING);
+-		if (zlib != NULL) {
++		if (zlib) {
+ 			archive_strcat(&str, " zlib/");
+ 			archive_strcat(&str, zlib);
+ 		}
+@@ -91,6 +210,30 @@
+ 			archive_strcat(&str, " libzstd/");
+ 			archive_strcat(&str, libzstd);
+ 		}
++		if (liblzo) {
++			archive_strcat(&str, " liblzo2/");
++			archive_strcat(&str, liblzo);
++		}
++		archive_xml_version(&str);
++		archive_regex_version(&str);
++		archive_crypto_version(&str);
++		archive_libb2_version(&str);
++		if (librichacl) {
++			archive_strcat(&str, " librichacl/");
++			archive_strcat(&str, librichacl);
++		}
++		if (libacl) {
++			archive_strcat(&str, " libacl/");
++			archive_strcat(&str, libacl);
++		}
++		if (libattr) {
++			archive_strcat(&str, " libattr/");
++			archive_strcat(&str, libattr);
++		}
++		if (libiconv) {
++			archive_strcat(&str, " libiconv/");
++			archive_strcat(&str, libiconv);
++		}
+ 	}
+ 	return str.s;
+ }
+@@ -98,8 +241,8 @@
+ const char *
+ archive_zlib_version(void)
+ {
+-#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+-	return ZLIB_VERSION;
++#if HAVE_ZLIB_H && HAVE_LIBZ
++	return zlibVersion();
+ #else
+ 	return NULL;
+ #endif
+@@ -108,8 +251,8 @@
+ const char *
+ archive_liblzma_version(void)
+ {
+-#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
+-	return LZMA_VERSION_STRING;
++#if HAVE_LZMA_H && HAVE_LIBLZMA
++	return lzma_version_string();
+ #else
+ 	return NULL;
+ #endif
+@@ -118,7 +261,7 @@
+ const char *
+ archive_bzlib_version(void)
+ {
+-#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++#if HAVE_BZLIB_H && HAVE_LIBBZ2
+ 	return BZ2_bzlibVersion();
+ #else
+ 	return NULL;
+@@ -128,12 +271,22 @@
+ const char *
+ archive_liblz4_version(void)
+ {
+-#if defined(HAVE_LZ4_H) && defined(HAVE_LIBLZ4)
++#if HAVE_LZ4_H && HAVE_LIBLZ4
++#if LZ4_VERSION_NUMBER > 10705
++	return LZ4_versionString();
++#elif LZ4_VERSION_NUMBER > 10300
++	div_t major = div(LZ4_versionNumber(), 10000);
++	div_t minor = div(major.rem, 100);
++	static char lz4_version[9];
++	snprintf(lz4_version, 9, "%d.%d.%d", major.quot, minor.quot, minor.rem);
++	return lz4_version;
++#else
+ #define str(s) #s
+ #define NUMBER(x) str(x)
+ 	return NUMBER(LZ4_VERSION_MAJOR) "." NUMBER(LZ4_VERSION_MINOR) "." NUMBER(LZ4_VERSION_RELEASE);
+ #undef NUMBER
+ #undef str
++#endif
+ #else
+ 	return NULL;
+ #endif
+@@ -143,7 +296,243 @@
+ archive_libzstd_version(void)
+ {
+ #if HAVE_ZSTD_H && HAVE_LIBZSTD
+-	return ZSTD_VERSION_STRING;
++#if ZSTD_VERSION_NUMBER > 10300
++	return ZSTD_versionString();
++#else
++	div_t major = div(ZSTD_versionNumber(), 10000);
++	div_t minor = div(major.rem, 100);
++	static char zstd_version[9];
++	snprintf(zstd_version, 9, "%d.%d.%d", major.quot, minor.quot, minor.rem);
++	return zstd_version;
++#endif
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_liblzo2_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_LZO_LZOCONF_H && HAVE_LIBLZO2
++	return LZO_VERSION_STRING;
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libbsdxml_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_BSDXML_H && HAVE_LIBBSDXML
++	return XML_ExpatVersion();
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libxml2_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBXML_XMLREADER_H && HAVE_LIBXML2
++	return LIBXML_DOTTED_VERSION;
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libexpat_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_EXPAT_H && HAVE_LIBEXPAT
++	return XML_ExpatVersion();
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_mbedtls_version(void)
++{
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_MBED) || defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MBED)
++	static char mbed_version[9];
++	mbedtls_version_get_string(mbed_version);
++	return mbed_version;
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_nettle_version(void)
++{
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_NETTLE) || defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_NETTLE)
++	static char nettle_version[6];
++	snprintf(nettle_version, 6, "%d.%d", nettle_version_major(), nettle_version_minor());
++	return nettle_version;
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_openssl_version(void)
++{
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_OPENSSL) || defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_OPENSSL)
++#ifdef OPENSSL_VERSION_STR
++	return OPENSSL_VERSION_STR;
++#else
++#define OPENSSL_MAJOR (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >> 28)
++#define OPENSSL_MINOR ((OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >> 20) & 0xFF)
++	static char openssl_version[6];
++	snprintf(openssl_version, 6, "%ld.%ld", OPENSSL_MAJOR, OPENSSL_MINOR);
++	return openssl_version;
++#undef OPENSSL_MAJOR
++#undef OPENSSL_MINOR
++#endif
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libmd_version(void)
++{
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_LIBMD) || defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_LIBMD)
++	return "system";
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_commoncrypto_version(void)
++{
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_Apple_CommonCrypto) || defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_CommonCrypto)
++	return "system";
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_cng_version(void)
++{
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_CNG) || defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_CNG)
++#ifdef BCRYPT_HASH_INTERFACE_MAJORVERSION_2
++	return "2.0";
++#else
++	return "1.0";
++#endif
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_wincrypt_version(void)
++{
++#if defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTOR_USE_WINCRYPT) || defined(ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_WINCRYPT)
++	HCRYPTPROV prov;
++	if (!CryptAcquireContext(&prov, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT)) {
++		if (GetLastError() != (DWORD)NTE_BAD_KEYSET)
++			return NULL;
++		if (!CryptAcquireContext(&prov, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_NEWKEYSET))
++			return NULL;
++	}
++	DWORD version, length = sizeof(version);
++	if (!CryptGetProvParam(prov, PP_VERSION, (BYTE *)&version, &length, 0)) {
++		return NULL;
++	} else {
++		char major = (version >> 8) & 0xFF;
++		char minor = version & 0xFF;
++		static char wincrypt_version[6];
++		snprintf(wincrypt_version, 6, "%hhd.%hhd", major, minor);
++		return wincrypt_version;
++	}
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_librichacl_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBRICHACL
++#if defined(LIBRICHACL_PKGCONFIG_VERSION)
++	return LIBRICHACL_PKGCONFIG_VERSION;
++#else
++	return "system";
++#endif
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libacl_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBACL
++#if defined(LIBACL_PKGCONFIG_VERSION)
++	return LIBACL_PKGCONFIG_VERSION;
++#else
++	return "system";
++#endif
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libattr_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBATTR
++#if defined(LIBATTR_PKGCONFIG_VERSION)
++	return LIBATTR_PKGCONFIG_VERSION;
++#else
++	return "system";
++#endif
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libiconv_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBCHARSET && HAVE_ICONV_H
++	char major = _libiconv_version >> 8;
++	char minor = _libiconv_version & 0xFF;
++	static char charset_version[6];
++	snprintf(charset_version, 6, "%hhd.%hhd", major, minor);
++	return charset_version;
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libpcre_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBPCREPOSIX && HAVE_PCRE_H
++#define str(s) #s
++#define NUMBER(x) str(x)
++	return NUMBER(PCRE_MAJOR) "." NUMBER(PCRE_MINOR);
++#undef NUMBER
++#undef str
++#else
++	return NULL;
++#endif
++}
++
++const char *
++archive_libpcre2_version(void)
++{
++#if HAVE_LIBPCRE2POSIX && HAVE_PCRE2_H
++#define str(s) #s
++#define NUMBER(x) str(x)
++	return NUMBER(PCRE2_MAJOR) "." NUMBER(PCRE2_MINOR);
++#undef NUMBER
++#undef str
+ #else
+ 	return NULL;
+ #endif
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write.c
+@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * Close all filtes
++ * Close all filters
+  */
+ static int
+ __archive_write_filters_close(struct archive_write *a)
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_add_filter_b64encode.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_add_filter_b64encode.c
+@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	archive_string_sprintf(&state->encoded_buff, "begin-base64 %o %s\n",
+-	    state->mode, state->name.s);
++	    (unsigned int)state->mode, state->name.s);
+ 
+ 	f->data = state;
+ 	return (0);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_add_filter_gzip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_add_filter_gzip.c
+@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
+ struct private_data {
+ 	int		 compression_level;
+ 	int		 timestamp;
++	char	*original_filename;
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+ 	z_stream	 stream;
+ 	int64_t		 total_in;
+@@ -113,6 +114,8 @@
+ 	f->free = &archive_compressor_gzip_free;
+ 	f->code = ARCHIVE_FILTER_GZIP;
+ 	f->name = "gzip";
++
++	data->original_filename = NULL;
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+ 	data->compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+@@ -140,6 +143,7 @@
+ #else
+ 	__archive_write_program_free(data->pdata);
+ #endif
++	free((void*)data->original_filename);
+ 	free(data);
+ 	f->data = NULL;
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+@@ -165,6 +169,13 @@
+ 		data->timestamp = (value == NULL)?-1:1;
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ 	}
++	if (strcmp(key, "original-filename") == 0) {
++		free((void*)data->original_filename);
++		data->original_filename = NULL;
++		if (value)
++			data->original_filename = strdup(value);
++		return (ARCHIVE_OK);
++	}
+ 
+ 	/* Note: The "warn" return is just to inform the options
+ 	 * supervisor that we didn't handle it.  It will generate
+@@ -210,7 +221,7 @@
+ 	data->compressed[0] = 0x1f; /* GZip signature bytes */
+ 	data->compressed[1] = 0x8b;
+ 	data->compressed[2] = 0x08; /* "Deflate" compression */
+-	data->compressed[3] = 0; /* No options */
++	data->compressed[3] = data->original_filename == NULL ? 0 : 0x8;
+ 	if (data->timestamp >= 0) {
+ 		time_t t = time(NULL);
+ 		data->compressed[4] = (uint8_t)(t)&0xff;  /* Timestamp */
+@@ -229,6 +240,12 @@
+ 	data->stream.next_out += 10;
+ 	data->stream.avail_out -= 10;
+ 
++	if (data->original_filename != NULL) {
++		strcpy((char*)data->compressed + 10, data->original_filename);
++		data->stream.next_out += strlen(data->original_filename) + 1;
++		data->stream.avail_out -= strlen(data->original_filename) + 1;
++	}
++
+ 	f->write = archive_compressor_gzip_write;
+ 
+ 	/* Initialize compression library. */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_add_filter_uuencode.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_add_filter_uuencode.c
+@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	archive_string_sprintf(&state->encoded_buff, "begin %o %s\n",
+-	    state->mode, state->name.s);
++	    (unsigned int)state->mode, state->name.s);
+ 
+ 	f->data = state;
+ 	return (0);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_disk_posix.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_disk_posix.c
+@@ -478,9 +478,11 @@
+ 	case AE_IFLNK:
+ 		ret = (S_ISLNK(mode));
+ 		break;
++#ifdef S_ISSOCK
+ 	case AE_IFSOCK:
+ 		ret = (S_ISSOCK(mode));
+ 		break;
++#endif
+ 	case AE_IFCHR:
+ 		ret = (S_ISCHR(mode));
+ 		break;
+@@ -3605,7 +3607,7 @@
+ 	tstamp.atime.tv_sec = atime;
+ 	tstamp.mtime.tv_sec = mtime;
+ 	tstamp.ctime.tv_sec = ctime;
+-#if defined (__hpux) && defined (__ia64)
++#if defined (__hpux) && ( defined (__ia64) || defined (__hppa) )
+ 	tstamp.atime.tv_nsec = atime_nsec;
+ 	tstamp.mtime.tv_nsec = mtime_nsec;
+ 	tstamp.ctime.tv_nsec = ctime_nsec;
+@@ -3788,7 +3790,7 @@
+ 		 * permissions on symlinks, so a failure here has no
+ 		 * impact.
+ 		 */
+-		if (lchmod(a->name, mode) != 0) {
++		if (lchmod(a->name, (mode_t)mode) != 0) {
+ 			switch (errno) {
+ 			case ENOTSUP:
+ 			case ENOSYS:
+@@ -3803,7 +3805,8 @@
+ 				break;
+ 			default:
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive, errno,
+-				    "Can't set permissions to 0%o", (int)mode);
++				    "Can't set permissions to 0%o",
++				    (unsigned int)mode);
+ 				r = ARCHIVE_WARN;
+ 			}
+ 		}
+@@ -3817,16 +3820,16 @@
+ 		 */
+ #ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD
+ 		if (a->fd >= 0)
+-			r2 = fchmod(a->fd, mode);
++			r2 = fchmod(a->fd, (mode_t)mode);
+ 		else
+ #endif
+ 		/* If this platform lacks fchmod(), then
+ 		 * we'll just use chmod(). */
+-		r2 = chmod(a->name, mode);
++		r2 = chmod(a->name, (mode_t)mode);
+ 
+ 		if (r2 != 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive, errno,
+-			    "Can't set permissions to 0%o", (int)mode);
++			    "Can't set permissions to 0%o", (unsigned int)mode);
+ 			r = ARCHIVE_WARN;
+ 		}
+ 	}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_open_filename.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_open_filename.c
+@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
+ 			    (const char *)filename);
+ 		else
+ 			archive_set_error(a, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "Can't convert '%S' to MBS",
++			    "Can't convert '%ls' to MBS",
+ 			    (const wchar_t *)filename);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
+ 	}
+@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
+ 		else {
+ 			archive_mstring_get_wcs(a, &mine->filename, &wcs);
+ 			archive_set_error(a, errno,
+-			    "Can't convert '%S' to MBS", wcs);
++			    "Can't convert '%ls' to MBS", wcs);
+ 		}
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
+ 		if (mbs != NULL)
+ 			archive_set_error(a, errno, "Failed to open '%s'", mbs);
+ 		else
+-			archive_set_error(a, errno, "Failed to open '%S'", wcs);
++			archive_set_error(a, errno, "Failed to open '%ls'", wcs);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
+ 		if (mbs != NULL)
+ 			archive_set_error(a, errno, "Couldn't stat '%s'", mbs);
+ 		else
+-			archive_set_error(a, errno, "Couldn't stat '%S'", wcs);
++			archive_set_error(a, errno, "Couldn't stat '%ls'", wcs);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_7zip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_7zip.c
+@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@
+ #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
+ #include <errno.h>
+ #endif
++#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
+ #include <stdlib.h>
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
++#include <unistd.h>
++#endif
+ #ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
+ #include <bzlib.h>
+ #endif
+@@ -38,6 +43,9 @@
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+ #include <zlib.h>
+ #endif
++#ifdef HAVE_ZSTD_H
++#include <zstd.h>
++#endif
+ 
+ #include "archive.h"
+ #ifndef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+@@ -50,6 +58,7 @@
+ #include "archive_private.h"
+ #include "archive_rb.h"
+ #include "archive_string.h"
++#include "archive_time_private.h"
+ #include "archive_write_private.h"
+ #include "archive_write_set_format_private.h"
+ 
+@@ -63,6 +72,8 @@
+ #define _7Z_BZIP2	0x040202
+ #define _7Z_PPMD	0x030401
+ 
++#define _7Z_ZSTD	0x4F71101 /* Copied from https://github.com/mcmilk/7-Zip-zstd.git */
++
+ /*
+  * 7-Zip header property IDs.
+  */
+@@ -110,6 +121,9 @@
+ // the attr field along with the unix permissions.
+ #define FILE_ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_EXTENSION 0x8000
+ 
++// Many systems define min or MIN, but not all.
++#define sevenzipmin(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
++
+ enum la_zaction {
+ 	ARCHIVE_Z_FINISH,
+ 	ARCHIVE_Z_RUN
+@@ -209,7 +223,11 @@
+ #define	ENCODED_CRC32	2
+ 
+ 	unsigned		 opt_compression;
++
+ 	int			 opt_compression_level;
++	int			 opt_zstd_compression_level; // This requires a different default value.
++
++	int			 opt_threads;
+ 
+ 	struct la_zstream	 stream;
+ 	struct coder		 coder;
+@@ -285,12 +303,19 @@
+ static int	compression_end_lzma(struct archive *, struct la_zstream *);
+ #endif
+ static int	compression_init_encoder_ppmd(struct archive *,
+-		    struct la_zstream *, unsigned, uint32_t);
++		    struct la_zstream *, uint8_t, uint32_t);
+ static int	compression_code_ppmd(struct archive *,
+ 		    struct la_zstream *, enum la_zaction);
+ static int	compression_end_ppmd(struct archive *, struct la_zstream *);
+ static int	_7z_compression_init_encoder(struct archive_write *, unsigned,
+ 		    int);
++static int	compression_init_encoder_zstd(struct archive *,
++		    struct la_zstream *, int, int);
++#if defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H)
++static int	compression_code_zstd(struct archive *,
++		    struct la_zstream *, enum la_zaction);
++static int	compression_end_zstd(struct archive *, struct la_zstream *);
++#endif
+ static int	compression_code(struct archive *,
+ 		    struct la_zstream *, enum la_zaction);
+ static int	compression_end(struct archive *,
+@@ -301,6 +326,21 @@
+ static int	make_streamsInfo(struct archive_write *, uint64_t, uint64_t,
+ 		    	uint64_t, int, struct coder *, int, uint32_t);
+ 
++static int
++string_to_number(const char *string, intmax_t *numberp)
++{
++	char *end;
++
++	if (string == NULL || *string == '\0')
++		return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
++	*numberp = strtoimax(string, &end, 10);
++	if (end == string || *end != '\0' || errno == EOVERFLOW) {
++		*numberp = 0;
++		return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
++	}
++	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
++}
++
+ int
+ archive_write_set_format_7zip(struct archive *_a)
+ {
+@@ -335,11 +375,24 @@
+ 	zip->opt_compression = _7Z_BZIP2;
+ #elif defined(HAVE_ZLIB_H)
+ 	zip->opt_compression = _7Z_DEFLATE;
++#elif HAVE_ZSTD_H
++	zip->opt_compression = _7Z_ZSTD;
+ #else
+ 	zip->opt_compression = _7Z_COPY;
+ #endif
++
+ 	zip->opt_compression_level = 6;
+ 
++#ifdef ZSTD_CLEVEL_DEFAULT
++	// Zstandard compression needs a different default
++	// value than other encoders.
++	zip->opt_zstd_compression_level = ZSTD_CLEVEL_DEFAULT;
++#else
++	zip->opt_zstd_compression_level = 3;
++#endif
++
++	zip->opt_threads = 1;
++
+ 	a->format_data = zip;
+ 
+ 	a->format_name = "7zip";
+@@ -397,6 +450,13 @@
+ 			zip->opt_compression = _7Z_LZMA2;
+ #else
+ 			name = "lzma2";
++#endif
++		else if (strcmp(value, "zstd") == 0 ||
++		    strcmp(value, "ZSTD") == 0)
++#if HAVE_ZSTD_H
++			zip->opt_compression = _7Z_ZSTD;
++#else
++			name = "zstd";
+ #endif
+ 		else if (strcmp(value, "ppmd") == 0 ||
+ 		    strcmp(value, "PPMD") == 0 ||
+@@ -420,16 +480,68 @@
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ 	}
+ 	if (strcmp(key, "compression-level") == 0) {
+-		if (value == NULL ||
+-		    !(value[0] >= '0' && value[0] <= '9') ||
+-		    value[1] != '\0') {
+-			archive_set_error(&(a->archive),
+-			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "Illegal value `%s'",
+-			    value);
++		if (value == NULL || *value == '\0') {
++			archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				"Invalid compression-level option value `%s'", value);
++			return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++		}
++
++		char *end = NULL;
++		long lvl = strtol(value, &end, 10);
++		if (end == NULL || *end != '\0') {
++			archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				"parsing compression-level option value failed `%s'", value);
++			return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++		}
++
++#if HAVE_ZSTD_H && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream && HAVE_ZSTD_minCLevel
++		int min_level = sevenzipmin(0, ZSTD_minCLevel());
++#else
++		const int min_level = 0;
++#endif
++
++#if HAVE_ZSTD_H && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream
++		int max_level = ZSTD_maxCLevel();
++#else
++		const int max_level = 9;
++#endif
++
++		if (lvl < min_level || lvl > max_level) {
++			archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				"compression-level option value `%ld' out of range", lvl);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
+ 		}
+-		zip->opt_compression_level = value[0] - '0';
++
++		// Note: we don't know here if this value is for zstd (negative to ~22),
++		// or zlib-style 0-9. If zstd is enabled but not in use, we will need to
++		// validate opt_compression_level before use.
++		zip->opt_compression_level = (int)lvl;
++
++		zip->opt_zstd_compression_level = (int)lvl;
++		return (ARCHIVE_OK);
++	}
++	if (strcmp(key, "threads") == 0) {
++		intmax_t threads;
++		if (string_to_number(value, &threads) != ARCHIVE_OK) {
++			return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
++		}
++		if (threads < 0) {
++			return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
++		}
++		if (threads == 0) {
++#if defined(HAVE_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
++			threads = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
++#elif !defined(__CYGWIN__) && defined(_WIN32_WINNT) && \
++	_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0601 /* _WIN32_WINNT_WIN7 */
++			DWORD winCores = GetActiveProcessorCount(
++				ALL_PROCESSOR_GROUPS);
++			threads = (intmax_t)winCores;
++#else
++			threads = 1;
++#endif
++		}
++
++		zip->opt_threads = (int)threads;
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -495,8 +607,20 @@
+ 	 * Init compression.
+ 	 */
+ 	if ((zip->total_number_entry - zip->total_number_empty_entry) == 1) {
+-		r = _7z_compression_init_encoder(a, zip->opt_compression,
+-			zip->opt_compression_level);
++
++		int level = zip->opt_compression_level;
++#if HAVE_ZSTD_H
++		if (zip->opt_compression == _7Z_ZSTD) {
++			level = zip->opt_zstd_compression_level;
++		} else if (level < 0 || level > 9) {
++			archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				"compression-level option value `%d' out of range 0-9", level);
++			file_free(file);
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++#endif
++
++		r = _7z_compression_init_encoder(a, zip->opt_compression, level);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			file_free(file);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+@@ -785,8 +909,12 @@
+ #else
+ 		header_compression = _7Z_COPY;
+ #endif
+-		r = _7z_compression_init_encoder(a, header_compression,
+-		                                 zip->opt_compression_level);
++
++		int level = zip->opt_compression_level;
++		if (level < 0) level = 0;
++		else if (level > 9) level = 9;
++
++		r = _7z_compression_init_encoder(a, header_compression, level);
+ 		if (r < 0)
+ 			return (r);
+ 		zip->crc32flg = PRECODE_CRC32;
+@@ -844,7 +972,7 @@
+ 		header_offset = header_size = 0;
+ 		header_crc32 = 0;
+ 	}
+-	
++
+ 	length = zip->temp_offset;
+ 
+ 	/*
+@@ -1164,20 +1292,6 @@
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+-
+-#define EPOC_TIME ARCHIVE_LITERAL_ULL(116444736000000000)
+-static uint64_t
+-utcToFiletime(time_t t, long ns)
+-{
+-	uint64_t fileTime;
+-
+-	fileTime = t;
+-	fileTime *= 10000000;
+-	fileTime += ns / 100;
+-	fileTime += EPOC_TIME;
+-	return (fileTime);
+-}
+-
+ static int
+ make_time(struct archive_write *a, uint8_t type, unsigned flg, int ti)
+ {
+@@ -1249,7 +1363,6 @@
+ 	if (r < 0)
+ 		return (r);
+ 
+-
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Make Times.
+ 	 */
+@@ -1257,7 +1370,7 @@
+ 	for (;file != NULL; file = file->next) {
+ 		if ((file->flg & flg) == 0)
+ 			continue;
+-		archive_le64enc(filetime, utcToFiletime(file->times[ti].time,
++		archive_le64enc(filetime, unix_to_ntfs(file->times[ti].time,
+ 			file->times[ti].time_ns));
+ 		r = (int)compress_out(a, filetime, 8, ARCHIVE_Z_RUN);
+ 		if (r < 0)
+@@ -1504,7 +1617,7 @@
+ 		return (memcmp(f1->utf16name, f2->utf16name, f1->name_len));
+ 	return (f1->name_len > f2->name_len)?1:-1;
+ }
+-        
++
+ static int
+ file_cmp_key(const struct archive_rb_node *n, const void *key)
+ {
+@@ -1646,7 +1759,8 @@
+ }
+ 
+ #if !defined(HAVE_ZLIB_H) || !defined(HAVE_BZLIB_H) ||\
+-	 !defined(BZ_CONFIG_ERROR) || !defined(HAVE_LZMA_H)
++	 !defined(BZ_CONFIG_ERROR) || !defined(HAVE_LZMA_H) ||\
++	 !(HAVE_ZSTD_H && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream)
+ static int
+ compression_unsupported_encoder(struct archive *a,
+     struct la_zstream *lastrm, const char *name)
+@@ -2159,7 +2273,7 @@
+ 
+ static int
+ compression_init_encoder_ppmd(struct archive *a,
+-    struct la_zstream *lastrm, unsigned maxOrder, uint32_t msize)
++    struct la_zstream *lastrm, uint8_t maxOrder, uint32_t msize)
+ {
+ 	struct ppmd_stream *strm;
+ 	uint8_t *props;
+@@ -2279,6 +2393,117 @@
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
++#if HAVE_ZSTD_H && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream
++static int
++compression_init_encoder_zstd(struct archive *a, struct la_zstream *lastrm, int level, int threads)
++{
++	if (lastrm->valid)
++		compression_end(a, lastrm);
++
++	ZSTD_CStream *strm = ZSTD_createCStream();
++	if (strm == NULL) {
++		archive_set_error(a, ENOMEM,
++			"Can't allocate memory for zstd stream");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
++
++	if (ZSTD_isError(ZSTD_initCStream(strm, level))) {
++		ZSTD_freeCStream(strm);
++		archive_set_error(a, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			"Internal error initializing zstd compressor object");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
++
++	ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter(strm, ZSTD_c_nbWorkers, threads);
++
++	// p7zip-zstd fails to unpack archives that don't have prop_size 5.
++	// 7-Zip-zstd fails to unpack archives that don't have prop_size 3 or 5.
++	// So let's use 5...
++	lastrm->prop_size = 5;
++	lastrm->props = calloc(5, 1);
++	if (lastrm->props == NULL) {
++		ZSTD_freeCStream(strm);
++		archive_set_error(a, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			"Internal error initializing zstd compressor properties");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
++
++	// Refer to the DProps struct in 7-Zip-zstd's ZstdDecoder.h:
++	// https://github.com/mcmilk/7-Zip-zstd/blob/79b2c78e9e7735ddf90147129b75cf2797ff6522/CPP/7zip/Compress/ZstdDecoder.h#L34S
++	lastrm->props[0] = ZSTD_VERSION_MAJOR;
++	lastrm->props[1] = ZSTD_VERSION_MINOR;
++	lastrm->props[2] = level;
++	// lastrm->props[3] and lastrm->props[4] are reserved. Leave them as 0.
++
++	lastrm->real_stream = strm;
++	lastrm->valid = 1;
++	lastrm->code = compression_code_zstd;
++	lastrm->end = compression_end_zstd;
++
++	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
++}
++
++static int
++compression_code_zstd(struct archive *a,
++    struct la_zstream *lastrm, enum la_zaction action)
++{
++	ZSTD_CStream *strm = (ZSTD_CStream *)lastrm->real_stream;
++
++	ZSTD_outBuffer out = { .dst = lastrm->next_out, .size = lastrm->avail_out, .pos = 0 };
++	ZSTD_inBuffer  in  = { .src = lastrm->next_in,  .size = lastrm->avail_in,  .pos = 0 };
++
++	size_t zret;
++
++	ZSTD_EndDirective mode = (action == ARCHIVE_Z_RUN) ? ZSTD_e_continue : ZSTD_e_end;
++
++	zret = ZSTD_compressStream2(strm, &out, &in, mode);
++	if (ZSTD_isError(zret)) {
++		archive_set_error(a, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			"zstd compression failed, ZSTD_compressStream2 returned: %s",
++			ZSTD_getErrorName(zret));
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
++
++	lastrm->next_in += in.pos;
++	lastrm->avail_in -= in.pos;
++	lastrm->total_in += in.pos;
++
++	lastrm->next_out += out.pos;
++	lastrm->avail_out -= out.pos;
++	lastrm->total_out += out.pos;
++
++	if (action == ARCHIVE_Z_FINISH && zret == 0)
++		return (ARCHIVE_EOF); // All done.
++
++	return (ARCHIVE_OK); // More work to do.
++}
++
++static int
++compression_end_zstd(struct archive *a, struct la_zstream *lastrm)
++{
++	ZSTD_CStream *strm;
++
++	(void)a; /* UNUSED */
++	strm = (ZSTD_CStream *)lastrm->real_stream;
++	ZSTD_freeCStream(strm);
++	lastrm->valid = 0;
++	lastrm->real_stream = NULL;
++	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
++}
++
++#else
++
++static int
++compression_init_encoder_zstd(struct archive *a, struct la_zstream *lastrm, int level, int threads)
++{
++	(void) level; /* UNUSED */
++	(void) threads; /* UNUSED */
++	if (lastrm->valid)
++		compression_end(a, lastrm);
++	return (compression_unsupported_encoder(a, lastrm, "zstd"));
++}
++#endif
++
+ /*
+  * Universal compressor initializer.
+  */
+@@ -2316,6 +2541,11 @@
+ 		    &(a->archive), &(zip->stream),
+ 		    PPMD7_DEFAULT_ORDER, PPMD7_DEFAULT_MEM_SIZE);
+ 		break;
++	case _7Z_ZSTD:
++		r = compression_init_encoder_zstd(
++		    &(a->archive), &(zip->stream),
++		    compression_level, zip->opt_threads);
++		break;
+ 	case _7Z_COPY:
+ 	default:
+ 		r = compression_init_encoder_copy(
+@@ -2352,5 +2582,3 @@
+ 	}
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+-
+-
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_gnutar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_gnutar.c
+@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
+ static int      archive_write_gnutar_options(struct archive_write *,
+ 		    const char *, const char *);
+ static int	archive_format_gnutar_header(struct archive_write *, char h[512],
+-		    struct archive_entry *, int tartype);
++		    struct archive_entry *, char tartype);
+ static int      archive_write_gnutar_header(struct archive_write *,
+ 		    struct archive_entry *entry);
+ static ssize_t	archive_write_gnutar_data(struct archive_write *a, const void *buff,
+@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
+ {
+ 	char buff[512];
+ 	int r, ret, ret2 = ARCHIVE_OK;
+-	int tartype;
++	char tartype;
+ 	struct gnutar *gnutar;
+ 	struct archive_string_conv *sconv;
+ 	struct archive_entry *entry_main;
+@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
+ 		archive_entry_set_uname(temp, "root");
+ 		archive_entry_set_gname(temp, "wheel");
+ 
+-		archive_entry_set_pathname(temp, "././@LongLink");
++		archive_entry_set_pathname(temp, "././@LongName");
+ 		archive_entry_set_size(temp, length);
+ 		ret = archive_format_gnutar_header(a, buff, temp, 'L');
+ 		archive_entry_free(temp);
+@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
+ 
+ static int
+ archive_format_gnutar_header(struct archive_write *a, char h[512],
+-    struct archive_entry *entry, int tartype)
++    struct archive_entry *entry, char tartype)
+ {
+ 	unsigned int checksum;
+ 	int i, ret;
+@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@
+ 	if (format_number(archive_entry_uid(entry), h + GNUTAR_uid_offset,
+ 		GNUTAR_uid_size, GNUTAR_uid_max_size)) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ERANGE,
+-		    "Numeric user ID %jd too large",
++		    "Numeric user ID %jd too large for gnutar format",
+ 		    (intmax_t)archive_entry_uid(entry));
+ 		ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
+ 	}
+@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@
+ 	if (format_number(archive_entry_gid(entry), h + GNUTAR_gid_offset,
+ 		GNUTAR_gid_size, GNUTAR_gid_max_size)) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ERANGE,
+-		    "Numeric group ID %jd too large",
++		    "Numeric group ID %jd too large for gnutar format",
+ 		    (intmax_t)archive_entry_gid(entry));
+ 		ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
+ 	}
+@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@
+ 		    h + GNUTAR_rdevmajor_offset,
+ 			GNUTAR_rdevmajor_size)) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ERANGE,
+-			    "Major device number too large");
++			    "Major device number too large for gnutar format");
+ 			ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
+ 		}
+ 
+@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
+ 		    h + GNUTAR_rdevminor_offset,
+ 			GNUTAR_rdevminor_size)) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ERANGE,
+-			    "Minor device number too large");
++			    "Minor device number too large for gnutar format");
+ 			ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
+ 		}
+ 	}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_iso9660.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_iso9660.c
+@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@
+ static int	iso9660_close(struct archive_write *);
+ static int	iso9660_free(struct archive_write *);
+ 
+-static void	get_system_identitier(char *, size_t);
++static void	get_system_identifier(char *, size_t);
+ static void	set_str(unsigned char *, const char *, size_t, char,
+ 		    const char *);
+ static inline int joliet_allowed_char(unsigned char, unsigned char);
+@@ -1167,7 +1167,12 @@
+ 	iso9660->primary.rootent->parent = iso9660->primary.rootent;
+ 	iso9660->cur_dirent = iso9660->primary.rootent;
+ 	archive_string_init(&(iso9660->cur_dirstr));
+-	archive_string_ensure(&(iso9660->cur_dirstr), 1);
++	if (archive_string_ensure(&(iso9660->cur_dirstr), 1) == NULL) {
++		free(iso9660);
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
++		    "Can't allocate memory");
++		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++	}
+ 	iso9660->cur_dirstr.s[0] = 0;
+ 	iso9660->sconv_to_utf16be = NULL;
+ 	iso9660->sconv_from_utf16be = NULL;
+@@ -2166,7 +2171,7 @@
+  * Get the System Identifier
+  */
+ static void
+-get_system_identitier(char *system_id, size_t size)
++get_system_identifier(char *system_id, size_t size)
+ {
+ #if defined(HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H)
+ 	struct utsname u;
+@@ -3872,7 +3877,7 @@
+ 	/* Unused Field */
+ 	set_unused_field_bp(bp, 8, 8);
+ 	/* System Identifier */
+-	get_system_identitier(identifier, sizeof(identifier));
++	get_system_identifier(identifier, sizeof(identifier));
+ 	r = set_str_a_characters_bp(a, bp, 9, 40, identifier, vdc);
+ 	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
+ 		return (r);
+@@ -4037,7 +4042,7 @@
+ 	case KEY_HEX:
+ 		d = va_arg(ap, int);
+ 		archive_string_sprintf(info, "%c%s=%x",
+-		    prefix, key, d);
++		    prefix, key, (unsigned int)d);
+ 		break;
+ 	}
+ 	va_end(ap);
+@@ -5666,9 +5671,15 @@
+ 		 * inserted. */
+ 		iso9660->cur_dirent = dent;
+ 		archive_string_empty(&(iso9660->cur_dirstr));
+-		archive_string_ensure(&(iso9660->cur_dirstr),
++		if (archive_string_ensure(&(iso9660->cur_dirstr),
+ 		    archive_strlen(&(dent->file->parentdir)) +
+-		    archive_strlen(&(dent->file->basename)) + 2);
++		    archive_strlen(&(dent->file->basename)) + 2) == NULL) {
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
++			    "Can't allocate memory");
++			_isoent_free(isoent);
++			*isoentpp = NULL;
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
+ 		if (archive_strlen(&(dent->file->parentdir)) +
+ 		    archive_strlen(&(dent->file->basename)) == 0)
+ 			iso9660->cur_dirstr.s[0] = 0;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_mtree.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_mtree.c
+@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
+ 	int count;
+ };
+ 
+-struct att_counter_set {
++struct attr_counter_set {
+ 	struct attr_counter *uid_list;
+ 	struct attr_counter *gid_list;
+ 	struct attr_counter *mode_list;
+@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
+ struct reg_info {
+ 	int compute_sum;
+ 	uint32_t crc;
++	uint_least32_t mset_digest;
+ 	struct ae_digest digest;
+ };
+ 
+@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@
+ 		unsigned long	fflags_set;
+ 		unsigned long	fflags_clear;
+ 	} set;
+-	struct att_counter_set	acs;
++	struct attr_counter_set	acs;
+ 	int classic;
+ 	int depth;
+ 
+@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@
+ {
+ 	struct archive_string setstr;
+ 	struct archive_string unsetstr;
+-	struct att_counter_set *acs;
++	struct attr_counter_set *acs;
+ 	int keys, oldkeys, effkeys;
+ 
+ 	archive_string_init(&setstr);
+@@ -638,7 +639,7 @@
+ attr_counter_set_collect(struct mtree_writer *mtree, struct mtree_entry *me)
+ {
+ 	struct attr_counter *ac, *last;
+-	struct att_counter_set *acs = &mtree->acs;
++	struct attr_counter_set *acs = &mtree->acs;
+ 	int keys = mtree->keys;
+ 
+ 	if (keys & (F_UNAME | F_UID)) {
+@@ -714,7 +715,7 @@
+ static void
+ attr_counter_set_free(struct mtree_writer *mtree)
+ {
+-	struct att_counter_set *acs = &mtree->acs;
++	struct attr_counter_set *acs = &mtree->acs;
+ 
+ 	attr_counter_free(&acs->uid_list);
+ 	attr_counter_free(&acs->gid_list);
+@@ -862,6 +863,50 @@
+ 	free(me);
+ }
+ 
++static void
++mtree_copy_ae_digests(struct reg_info *reg, struct archive_entry *entry, int compute_sum)
++{
++	reg->compute_sum = compute_sum;
++	reg->mset_digest = entry->mset_digest;
++
++	if ((reg->compute_sum & F_MD5)
++		&& (reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_MD5)) {
++
++		memcpy(&reg->digest.md5, entry->digest.md5,
++			sizeof(reg->digest.md5));
++	}
++	if ((reg->compute_sum & F_RMD160)
++		&& (reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_RMD160)) {
++
++		memcpy(&reg->digest.rmd160, entry->digest.rmd160,
++			sizeof(reg->digest.rmd160));
++	}
++	if ((reg->compute_sum & F_SHA1)
++		&& (reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA1)) {
++
++		memcpy(&reg->digest.sha1, entry->digest.sha1,
++			sizeof(reg->digest.sha1));
++	}
++	if ((reg->compute_sum & F_SHA256)
++		&& (reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA256)) {
++
++		memcpy(&reg->digest.sha256, entry->digest.sha256,
++			sizeof(reg->digest.sha256));
++	}
++	if ((reg->compute_sum & F_SHA384)
++		&& (reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA384)) {
++
++		memcpy(&reg->digest.sha384, entry->digest.sha384,
++			sizeof(reg->digest.sha384));
++	}
++	if ((reg->compute_sum & F_SHA512)
++		&& (reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA512)) {
++
++		memcpy(&reg->digest.sha512, entry->digest.sha512,
++			sizeof(reg->digest.sha512));
++	}
++}
++
+ static int
+ archive_write_mtree_header(struct archive_write *a,
+     struct archive_entry *entry)
+@@ -896,8 +941,12 @@
+ 	/* If the current file is a regular file, we have to
+ 	 * compute the sum of its content.
+ 	 * Initialize a bunch of checksum context. */
+-	if (mtree_entry->reg_info)
++	if (mtree_entry->reg_info) {
+ 		sum_init(mtree);
++		/* honor archive_entry_set_digest() calls. These values will be
++		 * overwritten if archive_write_mtree_data() is called */
++		mtree_copy_ae_digests(mtree_entry->reg_info, entry, mtree->compute_sum);
++	}
+ 
+ 	return (r2);
+ }
+@@ -1516,28 +1565,46 @@
+ 		mtree->crc_len += n;
+ 	}
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_MD5)
++	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_MD5) {
+ 		archive_md5_update(&mtree->md5ctx, buff, n);
++		mtree->mtree_entry->reg_info->mset_digest &=
++			~AE_MSET_DIGEST_MD5;
++	}
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_RMD160)
++	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_RMD160) {
+ 		archive_rmd160_update(&mtree->rmd160ctx, buff, n);
++		mtree->mtree_entry->reg_info->mset_digest &=
++			~AE_MSET_DIGEST_RMD160;
++	}
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA1)
++	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA1) {
+ 		archive_sha1_update(&mtree->sha1ctx, buff, n);
++		mtree->mtree_entry->reg_info->mset_digest &=
++			~AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA1;
++	}
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA256)
++	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA256) {
+ 		archive_sha256_update(&mtree->sha256ctx, buff, n);
++		mtree->mtree_entry->reg_info->mset_digest &=
++			~AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA256;
++	}
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA384)
++	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA384) {
+ 		archive_sha384_update(&mtree->sha384ctx, buff, n);
++		mtree->mtree_entry->reg_info->mset_digest &=
++			~AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA384;
++	}
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA512)
++	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA512) {
+ 		archive_sha512_update(&mtree->sha512ctx, buff, n);
++		mtree->mtree_entry->reg_info->mset_digest &=
++			~AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA512;
++	}
+ #endif
+ }
+ 
+@@ -1553,27 +1620,39 @@
+ 		reg->crc = ~mtree->crc;
+ 	}
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_MD5)
++	if ((mtree->compute_sum & F_MD5)
++		&& !(reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_MD5))
++
+ 		archive_md5_final(&mtree->md5ctx, reg->digest.md5);
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_RMD160)
++	if ((mtree->compute_sum & F_RMD160)
++		&& !(reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_RMD160))
++
+ 		archive_rmd160_final(&mtree->rmd160ctx, reg->digest.rmd160);
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA1)
++	if ((mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA1)
++		&& !(reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA1))
++
+ 		archive_sha1_final(&mtree->sha1ctx, reg->digest.sha1);
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA256)
++	if ((mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA256)
++		&& !(reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA256))
++
+ 		archive_sha256_final(&mtree->sha256ctx, reg->digest.sha256);
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA384)
++	if ((mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA384)
++		&& !(reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA384))
++
+ 		archive_sha384_final(&mtree->sha384ctx, reg->digest.sha384);
+ #endif
+ #ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
+-	if (mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA512)
++	if ((mtree->compute_sum & F_SHA512)
++		&& !(reg->mset_digest & AE_MSET_DIGEST_SHA512))
++
+ 		archive_sha512_final(&mtree->sha512ctx, reg->digest.sha512);
+ #endif
+ 	/* Save what types of sum are computed. */
+@@ -2130,9 +2209,13 @@
+ 		 * inserted. */
+ 		mtree->cur_dirent = dent;
+ 		archive_string_empty(&(mtree->cur_dirstr));
+-		archive_string_ensure(&(mtree->cur_dirstr),
++		if (archive_string_ensure(&(mtree->cur_dirstr),
+ 		    archive_strlen(&(dent->parentdir)) +
+-		    archive_strlen(&(dent->basename)) + 2);
++		    archive_strlen(&(dent->basename)) + 2) == NULL) {
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
++			    "Can't allocate memory");
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
+ 		if (archive_strlen(&(dent->parentdir)) +
+ 		    archive_strlen(&(dent->basename)) == 0)
+ 			mtree->cur_dirstr.s[0] = 0;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_pax.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_pax.c
+@@ -1414,7 +1414,7 @@
+ 		struct archive_entry *pax_attr_entry;
+ 		time_t s;
+ 		int64_t uid, gid;
+-		int mode;
++		__LA_MODE_T mode;
+ 
+ 		pax_attr_entry = archive_entry_new2(&a->archive);
+ 		p = entry_name.s;
+@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@
+ 	const char *filename, *filename_end;
+ 	char *p;
+ 	int need_slash = 0; /* Was there a trailing slash? */
+-	size_t suffix_length = 99;
++	size_t suffix_length = 98; /* 99 - 1 for trailing slash */
+ 	size_t insert_length;
+ 
+ 	/* Length of additional dir element to be added. */
+@@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@
+ 	/* Step 2: Locate the "prefix" section of the dirname, including
+ 	 * trailing '/'. */
+ 	prefix = src;
+-	prefix_end = prefix + 155;
++	prefix_end = prefix + 154 /* 155 - 1 for trailing / */;
+ 	if (prefix_end > filename)
+ 		prefix_end = filename;
+ 	while (prefix_end > prefix && *prefix_end != '/')
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_xar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_xar.c
+@@ -34,6 +34,14 @@
+ #include <stdlib.h>
+ #if HAVE_LIBXML_XMLWRITER_H
+ #include <libxml/xmlwriter.h>
++#if defined(LIBXML_VERSION) && LIBXML_VERSION >= 20703
++#define XAR_WRITER_HAS_XML
++#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION */
++#elif HAVE_XMLLITE_H
++#include <objidl.h>
++#include <initguid.h>
++#include <xmllite.h>
++#define XAR_WRITER_HAS_XML
+ #endif
+ #ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
+ #include <bzlib.h>
+@@ -70,13 +78,12 @@
+  *
+  */
+ 
+-#if !(defined(HAVE_LIBXML_XMLWRITER_H) && defined(LIBXML_VERSION) &&\
+-	LIBXML_VERSION >= 20703) ||\
++#if !defined(XAR_WRITER_HAS_XML) ||\
+ 	!defined(HAVE_ZLIB_H) || \
+ 	!defined(ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5) || !defined(ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1)
+ /*
+  * xar needs several external libraries.
+- *   o libxml2
++ *   o libxml2 or xmllite (on Windows)
+  *   o openssl or MD5/SHA1 hash function
+  *   o zlib
+  *   o bzlib2 (option)
+@@ -94,9 +101,26 @@
+ 
+ #else	/* Support xar format */
+ 
+-/*#define DEBUG_PRINT_TOC		1 */
++struct xml_writer;
++static int xml_writer_create(struct xml_writer **pctx);
++static int xml_writer_start_document(struct xml_writer *ctx);
++static int xml_writer_end_document(struct xml_writer *ctx);
++static int xml_writer_set_indent(struct xml_writer *ctx, unsigned int indent);
++static int xml_writer_start_element(struct xml_writer *ctx,
++    const char *localName);
++static int xml_writer_write_attribute(struct xml_writer *ctx, const char *key,
++    const char *value);
++static int xml_writer_write_attributef(struct xml_writer *ctx, const char *key,
++    const char *format, ...);
++static int xml_writer_write_string(struct xml_writer *ctx, const char *string);
++static int xml_writer_write_base64(struct xml_writer* ctx,
++    const char *data, size_t start, size_t len);
++static int xml_writer_end_element(struct xml_writer *ctx);
++static int xml_writer_get_final_content_and_length(struct xml_writer *ctx,
++    const char **out, size_t *size);
++static int xml_writer_destroy(struct xml_writer *ctx);
+ 
+-#define BAD_CAST_CONST (const xmlChar *)
++/*#define DEBUG_PRINT_TOC		1 */
+ 
+ #define HEADER_MAGIC	0x78617221
+ #define HEADER_SIZE	28
+@@ -807,50 +831,49 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-xmlwrite_string_attr(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++xmlwrite_string_attr(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+ 	const char *key, const char *value,
+ 	const char *attrkey, const char *attrvalue)
+ {
+ 	int r;
+ 
+-	r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST_CONST(key));
++	r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, key);
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+ 	if (attrkey != NULL && attrvalue != NULL) {
+-		r = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer,
+-		    BAD_CAST_CONST(attrkey), BAD_CAST_CONST(attrvalue));
++		r = xml_writer_write_attribute(writer, attrkey, attrvalue);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_write_attribute() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 	}
+ 	if (value != NULL) {
+-		r = xmlTextWriterWriteString(writer, BAD_CAST_CONST(value));
++		r = xml_writer_write_string(writer, value);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterWriteString() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_write_string() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 	}
+-	r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++	r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-xmlwrite_string(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++xmlwrite_string(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+ 	const char *key, const char *value)
+ {
+ 	int r;
+@@ -858,34 +881,34 @@
+ 	if (value == NULL)
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ 
+-	r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST_CONST(key));
++	r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, key);
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+ 	if (value != NULL) {
+-		r = xmlTextWriterWriteString(writer, BAD_CAST_CONST(value));
++		r = xml_writer_write_string(writer, value);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterWriteString() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_write_string() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 	}
+-	r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++	r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	}
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-xmlwrite_fstring(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++xmlwrite_fstring(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+ 	const char *key, const char *fmt, ...)
+ {
+ 	struct xar *xar;
+@@ -900,7 +923,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-xmlwrite_time(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++xmlwrite_time(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+ 	const char *key, time_t t, int z)
+ {
+ 	char timestr[100];
+@@ -922,7 +945,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-xmlwrite_mode(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++xmlwrite_mode(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+ 	const char *key, mode_t mode)
+ {
+ 	char ms[5];
+@@ -937,7 +960,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-xmlwrite_sum(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++xmlwrite_sum(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+ 	const char *key, struct chksumval *sum)
+ {
+ 	const char *algname;
+@@ -971,7 +994,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+-xmlwrite_heap(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++xmlwrite_heap(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+ 	struct heap_data *heap)
+ {
+ 	const char *encname;
+@@ -1029,7 +1052,7 @@
+  * Our implements records both <flags> and <ext2> if it's necessary.
+  */
+ static int
+-make_fflags_entry(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++make_fflags_entry(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+     const char *element, const char *fflags_text)
+ {
+ 	static const struct flagentry {
+@@ -1119,11 +1142,11 @@
+ 	} while (p != NULL);
+ 
+ 	if (n > 0) {
+-		r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST_CONST(element));
++		r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, element);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+@@ -1133,29 +1156,59 @@
+ 				return (r);
+ 		}
+ 
+-		r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++		r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 	}
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
++/*
++ * This function determines whether a UTF-8 string contains
++ * only codepoints that are convertible to Latin-1. Strings
++ * beyond Latin-1 are stored base64-encoded in the XAR TOC.
++ */
+ static int
+-make_file_entry(struct archive_write *a, xmlTextWriterPtr writer,
++is_u8_zstring_latin1(const char *in)
++{
++	unsigned int c;
++	while (*in) {
++		c = *in++;
++		if (c < 0x80) continue;
++		/*
++		 * Filter out non-continuation, any continuation of 2-3
++		 * bytes, and any continuation of 1 byte whose high 3 bits
++		 * are non-zero. Recall, 1-byte continuations can store 11
++		 * bits whereas Latin-1 codepoints are only 8 bits wide.
++		 */
++		if ((c & 0xFC) != 0xC0)
++			return (0);
++		c = *in++;
++		/*
++		 * If we get any non-continuation byte (including 0x00!),
++		 * the string is not valid UTF-8.
++		 */
++		if ((c & 0xC0) != 0x80)
++			return (0); /* invalid unicode */
++	}
++	return (1);
++}
++
++static int
++make_file_entry(struct archive_write *a, struct xml_writer *writer,
+     struct file *file)
+ {
+ 	struct xar *xar;
+ 	const char *filetype, *filelink, *fflags;
+ 	struct archive_string linkto;
+ 	struct heap_data *heap;
+-	unsigned char *tmp;
+ 	const char *p;
+ 	size_t len;
+-	int r, r2, l, ll;
++	int r, r2;
+ 
+ 	xar = (struct xar *)a->format_data;
+ 	r2 = ARCHIVE_OK;
+@@ -1163,44 +1216,35 @@
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Make a file name entry, "<name>".
+ 	 */
+-	l = ll = (int)archive_strlen(&(file->basename));
+-	tmp = malloc(l);
+-	if (tmp == NULL) {
+-		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
+-		    "Can't allocate memory");
+-		return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-	}
+-	r = UTF8Toisolat1(tmp, &l, BAD_CAST(file->basename.s), &ll);
+-	free(tmp);
+-	if (r < 0) {
+-		r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST("name"));
++	if (!is_u8_zstring_latin1(file->basename.s)) {
++		r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, "name");
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+-		r = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer,
+-		    BAD_CAST("enctype"), BAD_CAST("base64"));
++		r = xml_writer_write_attribute(writer,
++		    "enctype", "base64");
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_write_attribute() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+-		r = xmlTextWriterWriteBase64(writer, file->basename.s,
++		r = xml_writer_write_base64(writer, file->basename.s,
+ 		    0, (int)archive_strlen(&(file->basename)));
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterWriteBase64() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_write_base64() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+-		r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++		r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 	} else {
+@@ -1281,11 +1325,11 @@
+ 		break;
+ 	case AE_IFCHR:
+ 	case AE_IFBLK:
+-		r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST("device"));
++		r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, "device");
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 		r = xmlwrite_fstring(a, writer, "major",
+@@ -1296,11 +1340,11 @@
+ 		    "%d", archive_entry_rdevminor(file->entry));
+ 		if (r < 0)
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-		r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++		r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 		break;
+@@ -1436,19 +1480,19 @@
+ 
+ 		archive_entry_xattr_next(file->entry,
+ 		    &name, &value, &size);
+-		r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST("ea"));
++		r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, "ea");
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+-		r = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatAttribute(writer,
+-		    BAD_CAST("id"), "%d", heap->id);
++		r = xml_writer_write_attributef(writer,
++		    "id", "%d", heap->id);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_write_attributef() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 		r = xmlwrite_heap(a, writer, heap);
+@@ -1458,11 +1502,11 @@
+ 		if (r < 0)
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 
+-		r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++		r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 	}
+@@ -1471,11 +1515,11 @@
+ 	 * Make a file data entry, "<data>".
+ 	 */
+ 	if (file->data.length > 0) {
+-		r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST("data"));
++		r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, "data");
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 
+@@ -1483,21 +1527,21 @@
+ 		if (r < 0)
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 
+-		r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++		r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	if (archive_strlen(&file->script) > 0) {
+-		r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST("content"));
++		r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, "content");
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 
+@@ -1510,11 +1554,11 @@
+ 		if (r < 0)
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 
+-		r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++		r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+ 	}
+@@ -1530,8 +1574,9 @@
+ {
+ 	struct xar *xar;
+ 	struct file *np;
+-	xmlBufferPtr bp;
+-	xmlTextWriterPtr writer;
++	struct xml_writer *writer;
++	const char* content;
++	size_t use;
+ 	int algsize;
+ 	int r, ret;
+ 
+@@ -1543,51 +1588,43 @@
+ 	 * Initialize xml writer.
+ 	 */
+ 	writer = NULL;
+-	bp = xmlBufferCreate();
+-	if (bp == NULL) {
+-		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
+-		    "xmlBufferCreate() "
+-		    "couldn't create xml buffer");
+-		goto exit_toc;
+-	}
+-	writer = xmlNewTextWriterMemory(bp, 0);
+-	if (writer == NULL) {
++	r = xml_writer_create(&writer);
++	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlNewTextWriterMemory() "
+-		    "couldn't create xml writer");
++		    "xml_writer_create() failed: %d", r);
+ 		goto exit_toc;
+ 	}
+-	r = xmlTextWriterStartDocument(writer, "1.0", "UTF-8", NULL);
++	r = xml_writer_set_indent(writer, 4);
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterStartDocument() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_set_indent() failed: %d", r);
+ 		goto exit_toc;
+ 	}
+-	r = xmlTextWriterSetIndent(writer, 4);
++	r = xml_writer_start_document(writer);
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterSetIndent() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_start_document() failed: %d", r);
+ 		goto exit_toc;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Start recording TOC
+ 	 */
+-	r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST("xar"));
++	r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, "xar");
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 		goto exit_toc;
+ 	}
+-	r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST("toc"));
++	r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, "toc");
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterStartDocument() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 		goto exit_toc;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -1606,19 +1643,19 @@
+ 		/*
+ 		 * Record TOC checksum
+ 		 */
+-		r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST("checksum"));
++		r = xml_writer_start_element(writer, "checksum");
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_start_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			goto exit_toc;
+ 		}
+-		r = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST("style"),
+-		    BAD_CAST_CONST(getalgname(xar->opt_toc_sumalg)));
++		r = xml_writer_write_attribute(writer, "style",
++		    getalgname(xar->opt_toc_sumalg));
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_write_attribute() failed: %d", r);
+ 			goto exit_toc;
+ 		}
+ 
+@@ -1636,11 +1673,11 @@
+ 		if (r < 0)
+ 			goto exit_toc;
+ 
+-		r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++		r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 		if (r < 0) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 			    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() failed: %d", r);
++			    "xml_writer_end_element() failed: %d", r);
+ 			goto exit_toc;
+ 		}
+ 	}
+@@ -1656,32 +1693,32 @@
+ 		if (np->dir && np->children.first != NULL) {
+ 			/* Enter to sub directories. */
+ 			np = np->children.first;
+-			r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer,
+-			    BAD_CAST("file"));
++			r = xml_writer_start_element(writer,
++			    "file");
+ 			if (r < 0) {
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-				    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() "
++				    "xml_writer_start_element() "
+ 				    "failed: %d", r);
+ 				goto exit_toc;
+ 			}
+-			r = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatAttribute(
+-			    writer, BAD_CAST("id"), "%d", np->id);
++			r = xml_writer_write_attributef(
++			    writer, "id", "%d", np->id);
+ 			if (r < 0) {
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-				    "xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute() "
++				    "xml_writer_write_attributef() "
+ 				    "failed: %d", r);
+ 				goto exit_toc;
+ 			}
+ 			continue;
+ 		}
+ 		while (np != np->parent) {
+-			r = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
++			r = xml_writer_end_element(writer);
+ 			if (r < 0) {
+ 				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-				    "xmlTextWriterEndElement() "
++				    "xml_writer_end_element() "
+ 				    "failed: %d", r);
+ 				goto exit_toc;
+ 			}
+@@ -1690,21 +1727,21 @@
+ 				np = np->parent;
+ 			} else {
+ 				np = np->chnext;
+-				r = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer,
+-				    BAD_CAST("file"));
++				r = xml_writer_start_element(writer,
++				    "file");
+ 				if (r < 0) {
+ 					archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 					    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-					    "xmlTextWriterStartElement() "
++					    "xml_writer_start_element() "
+ 					    "failed: %d", r);
+ 					goto exit_toc;
+ 				}
+-				r = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatAttribute(
+-				    writer, BAD_CAST("id"), "%d", np->id);
++				r = xml_writer_write_attributef(
++				    writer, "id", "%d", np->id);
+ 				if (r < 0) {
+ 					archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 					    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-					    "xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute() "
++					    "xml_writer_write_attributef() "
+ 					    "failed: %d", r);
+ 					goto exit_toc;
+ 				}
+@@ -1713,31 +1750,40 @@
+ 		}
+ 	} while (np != np->parent);
+ 
+-	r = xmlTextWriterEndDocument(writer);
++	r = xml_writer_end_document(writer);
+ 	if (r < 0) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+ 		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-		    "xmlTextWriterEndDocument() failed: %d", r);
++		    "xml_writer_end_document() failed: %d", r);
+ 		goto exit_toc;
+ 	}
++
++	r = xml_writer_get_final_content_and_length(writer, &content, &use);
++	if (r < 0) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive,
++		    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++		    "xml_writer_get_final_content_and_length() failed: %d", r);
++		goto exit_toc;
++	}
++
+ #if DEBUG_PRINT_TOC
+ 	fprintf(stderr, "\n---TOC-- %d bytes --\n%s\n",
+-	    strlen((const char *)bp->content), bp->content);
++	    (int)strlen(content), content);
+ #endif
+ 
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Compress the TOC and calculate the sum of the TOC.
+ 	 */
+ 	xar->toc.temp_offset = xar->temp_offset;
+-	xar->toc.size = bp->use;
++	xar->toc.size = (uint64_t)use;
+ 	checksum_init(&(xar->a_sumwrk), xar->opt_toc_sumalg);
+ 
+ 	r = compression_init_encoder_gzip(&(a->archive),
+ 	    &(xar->stream), 6, 1);
+ 	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
+ 		goto exit_toc;
+-	xar->stream.next_in = bp->content;
+-	xar->stream.avail_in = bp->use;
++	xar->stream.next_in = (const unsigned char *)content;
++	xar->stream.avail_in = use;
+ 	xar->stream.total_in = 0;
+ 	xar->stream.next_out = xar->wbuff;
+ 	xar->stream.avail_out = sizeof(xar->wbuff);
+@@ -1768,9 +1814,7 @@
+ 	ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
+ exit_toc:
+ 	if (writer)
+-		xmlFreeTextWriter(writer);
+-	if (bp)
+-		xmlBufferFree(bp);
++		xml_writer_destroy(writer);
+ 
+ 	return (ret);
+ }
+@@ -3251,4 +3295,404 @@
+ 	}
+ }
+ 
++#if HAVE_LIBXML_XMLWRITER_H
++
++#define BAD_CAST_CONST (const xmlChar *)
++
++struct xml_writer {
++	xmlTextWriterPtr writer;
++	xmlBufferPtr bp;
++	unsigned int indent;
++};
++
++static int
++xml_writer_create(struct xml_writer **pctx)
++{
++	struct xml_writer *ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct xml_writer));
++	if (ctx == NULL) {
++		return (-1);
++	}
++
++	ctx->bp = xmlBufferCreate();
++	if (ctx->bp == NULL) {
++		free(ctx);
++		return (-1);
++	}
++
++	ctx->writer = xmlNewTextWriterMemory(ctx->bp, 0);
++	if (ctx->writer == NULL) {
++		xmlBufferFree(ctx->bp);
++		free(ctx);
++		return (-1);
++	}
++
++	*pctx = ctx;
++	return (0);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_destroy(struct xml_writer *ctx)
++{
++	xmlFreeTextWriter(ctx->writer);
++	xmlBufferFree(ctx->bp);
++	free(ctx);
++	return (0);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_start_document(struct xml_writer *ctx)
++{
++	int r;
++	r = xmlTextWriterStartDocument(ctx->writer, "1.0", "UTF-8", NULL);
++	if (r < 0) {
++		return (r);
++	}
++
++	r = xmlTextWriterSetIndent(ctx->writer, (int)ctx->indent);
++	return (r);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_end_document(struct xml_writer *ctx)
++{
++	return (xmlTextWriterEndDocument(ctx->writer));
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_set_indent(struct xml_writer *ctx, unsigned int indent)
++{
++	/* libxml2 only lets you set the indent after starting the document */
++	ctx->indent = indent;
++	return (0);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_start_element(struct xml_writer *ctx, const char *localName)
++{
++	return (xmlTextWriterStartElement(ctx->writer,
++	    BAD_CAST_CONST(localName)));
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_write_attribute(struct xml_writer *ctx,
++    const char *key, const char *value)
++{
++	return (xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(ctx->writer,
++	    BAD_CAST_CONST(key), BAD_CAST_CONST(value)));
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_write_attributef(struct xml_writer *ctx,
++    const char *key, const char *format, ...)
++{
++	va_list ap;
++	int ret;
++	va_start(ap, format);
++	ret = xmlTextWriterWriteVFormatAttribute(ctx->writer,
++	    BAD_CAST_CONST(key), format, ap);
++	va_end(ap);
++	return (ret);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_write_string(struct xml_writer *ctx, const char *string)
++{
++	return (xmlTextWriterWriteString(ctx->writer, BAD_CAST_CONST(string)));
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_write_base64(struct xml_writer* ctx,
++    const char *data, size_t start, size_t len)
++{
++	return (xmlTextWriterWriteBase64(ctx->writer, data,
++	    (int)start, (int)len));
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_end_element(struct xml_writer *ctx)
++{
++	return (xmlTextWriterEndElement(ctx->writer));
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_get_final_content_and_length(struct xml_writer *ctx,
++    const char **out, size_t *size)
++{
++	*out = (const char*)ctx->bp->content;
++	*size = (size_t)ctx->bp->use;
++	return (0);
++}
++
++#elif HAVE_XMLLITE_H
++
++struct xml_writer {
++	IXmlWriter *writer;
++	IStream *stream;
++	HGLOBAL global;
++};
++
++static int
++xml_writer_create(struct xml_writer **pctx)
++{
++	struct xml_writer *ctx;
++	HRESULT hr;
++
++	ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct xml_writer));
++	if (ctx == NULL) {
++		return (E_OUTOFMEMORY);
++	}
++
++	hr = CreateStreamOnHGlobal(NULL, TRUE, &ctx->stream);
++	if (FAILED(hr)) {
++		free(ctx);
++		return (hr);
++	}
++
++	hr = CreateXmlWriter(&IID_IXmlWriter, (void **)&ctx->writer, NULL);
++	if (FAILED(hr)) {
++		ctx->stream->lpVtbl->Release(ctx->stream);
++		free(ctx);
++		return (hr);
++	}
++
++	hr = ctx->writer->lpVtbl->SetOutput(ctx->writer,
++	    (IUnknown *)ctx->stream);
++	if (FAILED(hr)) {
++		ctx->writer->lpVtbl->Release(ctx->writer);
++		ctx->stream->lpVtbl->Release(ctx->stream);
++		free(ctx);
++		return (hr);
++	}
++
++	*pctx = ctx;
++	return (S_OK);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_destroy(struct xml_writer *ctx)
++{
++	if (ctx->global)
++		GlobalUnlock(ctx->global);
++	ctx->writer->lpVtbl->Release(ctx->writer); /* Destroys only writer */
++	ctx->stream->lpVtbl->Release(ctx->stream); /* Destroys stream, global */
++	free(ctx);
++	return (S_OK);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_start_document(struct xml_writer *ctx)
++{
++	return ctx->writer->lpVtbl->WriteStartDocument(ctx->writer,
++	    XmlStandalone_Omit);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_end_document(struct xml_writer *ctx)
++{
++	return ctx->writer->lpVtbl->WriteEndDocument(ctx->writer);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_set_indent(struct xml_writer *ctx, unsigned int indent)
++{
++	/* Windows' xmllite does not support indent sizes; will always be 2 */
++	(void)indent;
++	return ctx->writer->lpVtbl->SetProperty(ctx->writer,
++	    XmlWriterProperty_Indent, (LONG_PTR)TRUE);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_start_element(struct xml_writer *ctx, const char *localName)
++{
++	struct archive_wstring as;
++	HRESULT hr;
++	archive_string_init(&as);
++	if (archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(&as, localName,
++	    strlen(localName))) {
++		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
++		goto exit_hr;
++	}
++	hr = ctx->writer->lpVtbl->WriteStartElement(ctx->writer, NULL,
++	    as.s, NULL);
++
++exit_hr:
++	archive_wstring_free(&as);
++	return hr;
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_write_attribute(struct xml_writer *ctx,
++    const char *key, const char *value)
++{
++	struct archive_wstring ask, asv;
++	HRESULT hr;
++	archive_string_init(&ask);
++	archive_string_init(&asv);
++	if (archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(&ask, key, strlen(key))) {
++		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
++		goto exit_hr;
++	}
++	if (archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(&asv, value, strlen(value))) {
++		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
++		goto exit_hr;
++	}
++	hr = ctx->writer->lpVtbl->WriteAttributeString(ctx->writer, NULL,
++	    ask.s, NULL, asv.s);
++
++exit_hr:
++	archive_wstring_free(&asv);
++	archive_wstring_free(&ask);
++	return hr;
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_write_attributef(struct xml_writer *ctx,
++    const char *key, const char *format, ...)
++{
++	struct archive_wstring ask, asv;
++	struct archive_string asf;
++	HRESULT hr;
++	va_list ap;
++
++	va_start(ap, format);
++	archive_string_init(&ask);
++	archive_string_init(&asv);
++	archive_string_init(&asf);
++
++	if (archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(&ask, key, strlen(key))) {
++		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
++		goto exit_hr;
++	}
++
++	archive_string_vsprintf(&asf, format, ap);
++	if (archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(&asv, asf.s, asf.length)) {
++		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
++		goto exit_hr;
++	}
++
++	hr = ctx->writer->lpVtbl->WriteAttributeString(ctx->writer, NULL,
++	    ask.s, NULL, asv.s);
++
++exit_hr:
++	archive_string_free(&asf);
++	archive_wstring_free(&asv);
++	archive_wstring_free(&ask);
++	va_end(ap);
++
++	return hr;
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_write_string(struct xml_writer *ctx, const char *string)
++{
++	struct archive_wstring as;
++	HRESULT hr;
++	archive_string_init(&as);
++	if (archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(&as, string, strlen(string))) {
++		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
++		goto exit_hr;
++	}
++	hr = ctx->writer->lpVtbl->WriteString(ctx->writer, as.s);
++
++exit_hr:
++	archive_wstring_free(&as);
++	return hr;
++}
++
++static const wchar_t base64[] = {
++	L'A', L'B', L'C', L'D', L'E', L'F', L'G', L'H',
++	L'I', L'J', L'K', L'L', L'M', L'N', L'O', L'P',
++	L'Q', L'R', L'S', L'T', L'U', L'V', L'W', L'X',
++	L'Y', L'Z', L'a', L'b', L'c', L'd', L'e', L'f',
++	L'g', L'h', L'i', L'j', L'k', L'l', L'm', L'n',
++	L'o', L'p', L'q', L'r', L's', L't', L'u', L'v',
++	L'w', L'x', L'y', L'z', L'0', L'1', L'2', L'3',
++	L'4', L'5', L'6', L'7', L'8', L'9', L'+', L'/'
++};
++
++static void
++la_b64_wencode(struct archive_wstring *as, const unsigned char *p, size_t len)
++{
++	int c;
++
++	for (; len >= 3; p += 3, len -= 3) {
++		c = p[0] >> 2;
++		archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, base64[c]);
++		c = ((p[0] & 0x03) << 4) | ((p[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
++		archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, base64[c]);
++		c = ((p[1] & 0x0f) << 2) | ((p[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
++		archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, base64[c]);
++		c = p[2] & 0x3f;
++		archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, base64[c]);
++	}
++	if (len > 0) {
++		c = p[0] >> 2;
++		archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, base64[c]);
++		c = (p[0] & 0x03) << 4;
++		if (len == 1) {
++			archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, base64[c]);
++			archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, '=');
++			archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, '=');
++		} else {
++			c |= (p[1] & 0xf0) >> 4;
++			archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, base64[c]);
++			c = (p[1] & 0x0f) << 2;
++			archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, base64[c]);
++			archive_wstrappend_wchar(as, '=');
++		}
++	}
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_write_base64(struct xml_writer* ctx,
++    const char *data, size_t start, size_t len)
++{
++	struct archive_wstring as;
++	HRESULT hr;
++	archive_string_init(&as);
++	la_b64_wencode(&as, (const unsigned char *)data + start, len - start);
++	hr = ctx->writer->lpVtbl->WriteString(ctx->writer, as.s);
++	archive_wstring_free(&as);
++	return hr;
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_end_element(struct xml_writer *ctx)
++{
++	return ctx->writer->lpVtbl->WriteEndElement(ctx->writer);
++}
++
++static int
++xml_writer_get_final_content_and_length(struct xml_writer *ctx,
++    const char **out, size_t *size)
++{
++	HGLOBAL gbl;
++	HRESULT hr;
++
++	hr = ctx->writer->lpVtbl->Flush(ctx->writer);
++	if (FAILED(hr)) {
++		return (hr);
++	}
++
++	hr = GetHGlobalFromStream(ctx->stream, &gbl);
++	if (FAILED(hr)) {
++		return (hr);
++	}
++
++	*out = (const char *)GlobalLock(gbl);
++	if (*out == NULL) {
++		hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
++		return (hr);
++	}
++
++	/* GlobalUnlock is called in
++	 * xml_writer_destroy.
++	 */
++	*size = (size_t)GlobalSize(gbl);
++	ctx->global = gbl;
++	return (hr);
++}
++
++#endif /* HAVE_LIBXML_XMLWRITER_H */
++
+ #endif /* Support xar format */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_zip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_format_zip.c
+@@ -43,9 +43,24 @@
+ #ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
+ #include <string.h>
+ #endif
++#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
++#include <limits.h>
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
++#include <unistd.h>
++#endif
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+ #include <zlib.h>
+ #endif
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++#include <lzma.h>
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++#include <bzlib.h>
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_ZSTD_H
++#include <zstd.h>
++#endif
+ 
+ #include "archive.h"
+ #include "archive_cryptor_private.h"
+@@ -55,6 +70,7 @@
+ #include "archive_hmac_private.h"
+ #include "archive_private.h"
+ #include "archive_random_private.h"
++#include "archive_time_private.h"
+ #include "archive_write_private.h"
+ #include "archive_write_set_format_private.h"
+ 
+@@ -62,8 +78,12 @@
+ #include "archive_crc32.h"
+ #endif
+ 
+-#define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_ENCRYPTED	(1<<0)
+-#define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LENGTH_AT_END	(1<<3)
++#define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_ENCRYPTED	(1 << 0)
++#define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LZMA_EOPM	(1 << 1)
++#define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_MAX	(1 << 1) /* i.e. compression levels 8 & 9 */
++#define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_FAST	(1 << 2) /* i.e. compression levels 3 & 4 */
++#define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_SUPER_FAST	(1 << 1) | (1 << 2) /* i.e. compression levels 1 & 2 */
++#define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LENGTH_AT_END	(1 << 3)
+ #define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_UTF8_NAME	(1 << 11)
+ 
+ #define ZIP_4GB_MAX ARCHIVE_LITERAL_LL(0xffffffff)
+@@ -72,7 +92,11 @@
+ enum compression {
+ 	COMPRESSION_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
+ 	COMPRESSION_STORE = 0,
+-	COMPRESSION_DEFLATE = 8
++	COMPRESSION_DEFLATE = 8,
++	COMPRESSION_BZIP2 = 12,
++	COMPRESSION_LZMA = 14,
++	COMPRESSION_ZSTD = 93,
++	COMPRESSION_XZ = 95
+ };
+ 
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+@@ -119,7 +143,6 @@
+ };
+ 
+ struct zip {
+-
+ 	int64_t entry_offset;
+ 	int64_t entry_compressed_size;
+ 	int64_t entry_uncompressed_size;
+@@ -155,17 +178,45 @@
+ 	struct archive_string_conv *opt_sconv;
+ 	struct archive_string_conv *sconv_default;
+ 	enum compression requested_compression;
+-	int deflate_compression_level;
++	short compression_level;
+ 	int init_default_conversion;
+-	enum encryption  encryption_type;
++	enum encryption encryption_type;
++	short threads;
+ 
+ #define ZIP_FLAG_AVOID_ZIP64 1
+ #define ZIP_FLAG_FORCE_ZIP64 2
+ #define ZIP_FLAG_EXPERIMENT_xl 4
+ 	int flags;
+-
++#if defined(HAVE_LZMA_H) || defined(HAVE_ZLIB_H) || defined(HAVE_BZLIB_H) || defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H)
++	union {
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++		/* ZIP's XZ format (id 95) is easy enough: copy Deflate, mutatis
++		 * mutandis the library changes. ZIP's LZMA format (id 14),
++		 * however, is rather more involved, starting here: it being a
++		 * modified LZMA Alone format requires a bit more
++		 * book-keeping. */
++		struct {
++			char headers_to_write;
++			lzma_options_lzma options;
++			lzma_stream context;
++		} lzma;
++#endif
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+-	z_stream stream;
++		z_stream deflate;
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++		bz_stream bzip2;
++#endif
++#if defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H) && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream
++		struct {
++			/* Libzstd's init function gives a pointer to a memory area
++			 * it manages rather than asking for memory to initialise. */
++			ZSTD_CStream* context;
++			ZSTD_inBuffer in;
++			ZSTD_outBuffer out;
++		} zstd;
++#endif
++	} stream;
+ #endif
+ 	size_t len_buf;
+ 	unsigned char *buf;
+@@ -184,7 +235,6 @@
+ 	      struct archive_entry *);
+ static int archive_write_zip_options(struct archive_write *,
+ 	      const char *, const char *);
+-static unsigned int dos_time(const time_t);
+ static size_t path_length(struct archive_entry *);
+ static int write_path(struct archive_entry *, struct archive_write *);
+ static void copy_path(struct archive_entry *, unsigned char *);
+@@ -197,6 +247,44 @@
+ static int init_winzip_aes_encryption(struct archive_write *);
+ static int is_winzip_aes_encryption_supported(int encryption);
+ 
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++/* ZIP's LZMA format requires the use of a alas not exposed in LibLZMA
++ * function to write the ZIP header. Given our internal version never
++ * fails, no need for a non-void return type. */
++static void
++lzma_lzma_props_encode(const lzma_options_lzma* options, uint8_t* out)
++{
++	out[0] = (options->pb * 5 + options->lp) * 9 + options->lc;
++	archive_le32enc(out + 1, options->dict_size);
++}
++#endif
++
++#if defined(HAVE_LZMA_H) && !defined(HAVE_LZMA_STREAM_ENCODER_MT)
++/* Dummy mt declarations, to avoid spaghetti includes below. Defined with
++ * macros being renamed afterwards to shadow liblzma's types in order to
++ * avoid some compiler errors. */
++#define lzma_stream_encoder_mt(str, opt) dummy_mt(str, opt)
++#define lzma_mt dummy_options
++
++typedef struct {
++	void* filters;
++	uint32_t preset;
++	lzma_check check;
++	short threads;
++	char flags;
++	char block_size;
++	char timeout;
++} dummy_options;
++
++static inline lzma_ret
++dummy_mt(lzma_stream* stream, const lzma_mt* options)
++{
++	(void)stream; /* UNUSED */
++	(void)options; /* UNUSED */
++	return LZMA_PROG_ERROR;
++}
++#endif
++
+ static unsigned char *
+ cd_alloc(struct zip *zip, size_t length)
+ {
+@@ -274,26 +362,104 @@
+ 		} else if (strcmp(val, "store") == 0) {
+ 			zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_STORE;
+ 			ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++		} else if (strcmp(val, "bzip2") == 0) {
++#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++			zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_BZIP2;
++			ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++#else
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			    "bzip2 compression not supported");
++#endif
++		} else if (strcmp(val, "lzma") == 0) {
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++			zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_LZMA;
++			ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++#else
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			    "lzma compression not supported");
++#endif
++		} else if (strcmp(val, "xz") == 0) {
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++			zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_XZ;
++			ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++#else
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			    "xz compression not supported");
++#endif
++		} else if (strcmp(val, "zstd") == 0) {
++#if defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H) && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream
++			zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
++			ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++#else
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			    "zstd compression not supported");
++#endif
+ 		}
+ 		return (ret);
+ 	} else if (strcmp(key, "compression-level") == 0) {
+-		if (val == NULL || !(val[0] >= '0' && val[0] <= '9') || val[1] != '\0') {
+-			return ARCHIVE_WARN;
++		char *endptr;
++
++		if (val == NULL)
++			return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
++		errno = 0;
++		zip->compression_level = (short)strtoul(val, &endptr, 10);
++		if (errno != 0 || *endptr != '\0' || zip->compression_level < 0 ||
++			zip->compression_level > 9) {
++			zip->compression_level = 6; // set to default
++			return (ARCHIVE_WARN);
+ 		}
+ 
+-		if (val[0] == '0') {
++		if (zip->compression_level == 0) {
+ 			zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_STORE;
+ 			return ARCHIVE_OK;
+ 		} else {
++#if defined(HAVE_ZLIB_H) || defined(HAVE_LZMA_H) || defined(HAVE_BZLIB_H) || (defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H) && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream)
++			// Not forcing an already specified compression algorithm
++			if (zip->requested_compression == COMPRESSION_UNSPECIFIED) {
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+-			zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_DEFLATE;
+-			zip->deflate_compression_level = val[0] - '0';
++				zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_DEFLATE;
++#elif defined(HAVE_BZLIB_H)
++				zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_BZIP2;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LZMA_H)
++				// Arbitrarily choosing LZMA of the two LZMA methods
++				zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_LZMA;
++#else
++				zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
++#endif
++			}
+ 			return ARCHIVE_OK;
+ #else
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "deflate compression not supported");
++			    "compression not supported");
++#endif
++		}
++	} else if (strcmp(key, "threads") == 0) {
++		char *endptr;
++
++		if (val == NULL)
++			return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++		errno = 0;
++		zip->threads = (short)strtoul(val, &endptr, 10);
++		if (errno != 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
++			zip->threads = 1;
++			archive_set_error(&(a->archive), ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			    "Illegal value `%s'", val);
++			return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++		}
++		if (zip->threads == 0) {
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_STREAM_ENCODER_MT
++			zip->threads = lzma_cputhreads();
++#elif defined(HAVE_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
++			zip->threads = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
++#elif !defined(__CYGWIN__) && defined(_WIN32_WINNT) && _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0601
++			/* Windows 7 and up */
++			DWORD activeProcs = GetActiveProcessorCount(ALL_PROCESSOR_GROUPS);
++			zip->threads = activeProcs <= SHRT_MAX ? (short)activeProcs : SHRT_MAX;
++#else
++			zip->threads = 1;
+ #endif
+ 		}
++		return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ 	} else if (strcmp(key, "encryption") == 0) {
+ 		if (val == NULL) {
+ 			zip->encryption_type = ENCRYPTION_NONE;
+@@ -305,8 +471,7 @@
+ 				zip->encryption_type = ENCRYPTION_TRADITIONAL;
+ 				ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
+ 			} else {
+-				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+-				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+ 				    "encryption not supported");
+ 			}
+ 		} else if (strcmp(val, "aes128") == 0) {
+@@ -315,8 +480,7 @@
+ 				zip->encryption_type = ENCRYPTION_WINZIP_AES128;
+ 				ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
+ 			} else {
+-				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+-				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+ 				    "encryption not supported");
+ 			}
+ 		} else if (strcmp(val, "aes256") == 0) {
+@@ -325,14 +489,12 @@
+ 				zip->encryption_type = ENCRYPTION_WINZIP_AES256;
+ 				ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
+ 			} else {
+-				archive_set_error(&a->archive,
+-				    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++				archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+ 				    "encryption not supported");
+ 			}
+ 		} else {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+-			    "%s: unknown encryption '%s'",
+-			    a->format_name, val);
++			    "%s: unknown encryption '%s'", a->format_name, val);
+ 		}
+ 		return (ret);
+ 	} else if (strcmp(key, "experimental") == 0) {
+@@ -421,6 +583,118 @@
+ 	return (ret);
+ }
+ 
++int
++archive_write_zip_set_compression_bzip2(struct archive *_a)
++{
++	struct archive_write *a = (struct archive_write *)_a;
++	int ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
++
++	archive_check_magic(_a, ARCHIVE_WRITE_MAGIC,
++		ARCHIVE_STATE_NEW | ARCHIVE_STATE_HEADER | ARCHIVE_STATE_DATA,
++		"archive_write_zip_set_compression_bzip2");
++	if (a->archive.archive_format != ARCHIVE_FORMAT_ZIP) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++		"Can only use archive_write_zip_set_compression_bzip2"
++		" with zip format");
++		ret = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++	} else {
++#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++		struct zip *zip = a->format_data;
++		zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_BZIP2;
++		ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++#else
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			"bzip2 compression not supported");
++		ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
++#endif
++	}
++	return (ret);
++}
++
++int
++archive_write_zip_set_compression_zstd(struct archive *_a)
++{
++	struct archive_write *a = (struct archive_write *)_a;
++	int ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
++
++	archive_check_magic(_a, ARCHIVE_WRITE_MAGIC,
++		ARCHIVE_STATE_NEW | ARCHIVE_STATE_HEADER | ARCHIVE_STATE_DATA,
++		"archive_write_zip_set_compression_zstd");
++	if (a->archive.archive_format != ARCHIVE_FORMAT_ZIP) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++		"Can only use archive_write_zip_set_compression_zstd"
++		" with zip format");
++		ret = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++	} else {
++#if defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H) && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream
++		struct zip *zip = a->format_data;
++		zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
++		ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++#else
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			"zstd compression not supported");
++		ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
++#endif
++	}
++	return (ret);
++}
++
++int
++archive_write_zip_set_compression_lzma(struct archive *_a)
++{
++	struct archive_write *a = (struct archive_write *)_a;
++	int ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
++
++	archive_check_magic(_a, ARCHIVE_WRITE_MAGIC,
++		ARCHIVE_STATE_NEW | ARCHIVE_STATE_HEADER | ARCHIVE_STATE_DATA,
++		"archive_write_zip_set_compression_lzma");
++	if (a->archive.archive_format != ARCHIVE_FORMAT_ZIP) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++		"Can only use archive_write_zip_set_compression_lzma"
++		" with zip format");
++		ret = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++	} else {
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++		struct zip *zip = a->format_data;
++		zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_LZMA;
++		ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++#else
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			"lzma compression not supported");
++		ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
++#endif
++	}
++	return (ret);
++}
++
++int
++archive_write_zip_set_compression_xz(struct archive *_a)
++{
++	struct archive_write *a = (struct archive_write *)_a;
++	int ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
++
++	archive_check_magic(_a, ARCHIVE_WRITE_MAGIC,
++		ARCHIVE_STATE_NEW | ARCHIVE_STATE_HEADER | ARCHIVE_STATE_DATA,
++		"archive_write_zip_set_compression_xz");
++	if (a->archive.archive_format != ARCHIVE_FORMAT_ZIP) {
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++		"Can only use archive_write_zip_set_compression_xz"
++		" with zip format");
++		ret = ARCHIVE_FATAL;
++	} else {
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++		struct zip *zip = a->format_data;
++		zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_XZ;
++		ret = ARCHIVE_OK;
++#else
++		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++			"xz compression not supported");
++		ret = ARCHIVE_FAILED;
++#endif
++	}
++	return (ret);
++}
++
+ int
+ archive_write_zip_set_compression_store(struct archive *_a)
+ {
+@@ -430,7 +704,7 @@
+ 
+ 	archive_check_magic(_a, ARCHIVE_WRITE_MAGIC,
+ 		ARCHIVE_STATE_NEW | ARCHIVE_STATE_HEADER | ARCHIVE_STATE_DATA,
+-		"archive_write_zip_set_compression_deflate");
++		"archive_write_zip_set_compression_store");
+ 	if (a->archive.archive_format != ARCHIVE_FORMAT_ZIP) {
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+ 			"Can only use archive_write_zip_set_compression_store"
+@@ -465,9 +739,14 @@
+ 
+ 	/* "Unspecified" lets us choose the appropriate compression. */
+ 	zip->requested_compression = COMPRESSION_UNSPECIFIED;
+-#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+-	zip->deflate_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+-#endif
++	/* Following the 7-zip write support's lead, setting the default
++	 * compression level explicitly to 6 no matter what. */
++	zip->compression_level = 6;
++	/* Following the xar write support's lead, the default number of
++	 * threads is 1 (i.e. the xz compression, the only one caring about
++	 * that, not being multi-threaded even if the multi-threaded encoder
++	 * were available) */
++	zip->threads = 1;
+ 	zip->crc32func = real_crc32;
+ 
+ 	/* A buffer used for both compression and encryption. */
+@@ -529,7 +808,7 @@
+ 		__archive_write_entry_filetype_unsupported(
+ 		    &a->archive, entry, "zip");
+ 		return ARCHIVE_FAILED;
+-	};
++	}
+ 
+ 	/* If we're not using Zip64, reject large files. */
+ 	if (zip->flags & ZIP_FLAG_AVOID_ZIP64) {
+@@ -552,7 +831,6 @@
+ 	if (type != AE_IFREG)
+ 		archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
+ 
+-
+ 	/* Reset information from last entry. */
+ 	zip->entry_offset = zip->written_bytes;
+ 	zip->entry_uncompressed_limit = INT64_MAX;
+@@ -589,7 +867,6 @@
+ 		}
+ 	}
+ 
+-
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	/* Make sure the path separators in pathname, hardlink and symlink
+ 	 * are all slash '/', not the Windows path separator '\'. */
+@@ -685,13 +962,49 @@
+ 		if (zip->entry_compression == COMPRESSION_UNSPECIFIED) {
+ 			zip->entry_compression = COMPRESSION_DEFAULT;
+ 		}
+-		if (zip->entry_compression == COMPRESSION_STORE) {
++		switch (zip->entry_compression) {
++		case COMPRESSION_STORE:
+ 			zip->entry_compressed_size = size;
+ 			zip->entry_uncompressed_size = size;
+ 			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(10);
+-		} else {
++			break;
++		case COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
++			zip->entry_uncompressed_size = size;
++			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(63);
++			break;
++		case COMPRESSION_LZMA:
+ 			zip->entry_uncompressed_size = size;
++			zip->entry_flags |= ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LZMA_EOPM;
++			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(63);
++			break;
++		case COMPRESSION_XZ:
++			zip->entry_uncompressed_size = size;
++			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(63);
++			break;
++		case COMPRESSION_BZIP2:
++			zip->entry_uncompressed_size = size;
++			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(46);
++			break;
++		default: // i.e. deflate compression
++			zip->entry_uncompressed_size = size;
++			switch (zip->compression_level) {
++			case 1:
++			case 2:
++				zip->entry_flags |= ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_SUPER_FAST;
++				break;
++			case 3:
++			case 4:
++				zip->entry_flags |= ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_FAST;
++				break;
++			case 8:
++			case 9:
++				zip->entry_flags |= ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_MAX;
++				break;
++			default:
++				break;
++			}
+ 			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(20);
++			break;
+ 		}
+ 
+ 		if (zip->entry_flags & ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_ENCRYPTED) {
+@@ -741,9 +1054,8 @@
+ 		/* We don't know the size. Use the default
+ 		 * compression unless specified otherwise.
+ 		 */
+-
+ 		zip->entry_compression = zip->requested_compression;
+-		if(zip->entry_compression == COMPRESSION_UNSPECIFIED){
++		if (zip->entry_compression == COMPRESSION_UNSPECIFIED) {
+ 			zip->entry_compression = COMPRESSION_DEFAULT;
+ 		}
+ 
+@@ -751,10 +1063,43 @@
+ 		if ((zip->flags & ZIP_FLAG_AVOID_ZIP64) == 0) {
+ 			/* We might use zip64 extensions, so require 4.5 */
+ 			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(45);
+-		} else if (zip->entry_compression == COMPRESSION_STORE) {
++		}
++		switch (zip->entry_compression) {
++		case COMPRESSION_STORE:
+ 			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(10);
+-		} else {
++			break;
++		case COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
++			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(63);
++			break;
++		case COMPRESSION_LZMA:
++			zip->entry_flags |= ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LZMA_EOPM;
++			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(63);
++			break;
++		case COMPRESSION_XZ:
++			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(63);
++			break;
++		case COMPRESSION_BZIP2:
++			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(46);
++			break;
++		default: // i.e. deflate compression
++			switch (zip->compression_level) {
++			case 1:
++			case 2:
++				zip->entry_flags |= ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_SUPER_FAST;
++				break;
++			case 3:
++			case 4:
++				zip->entry_flags |= ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_FAST;
++				break;
++			case 8:
++			case 9:
++				zip->entry_flags |= ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_DEFLATE_MAX;
++				break;
++			default:
++				break;
++			}
+ 			MIN_VERSION_NEEDED(20);
++			break;
+ 		}
+ 
+ 		if (zip->entry_flags & ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_ENCRYPTED) {
+@@ -782,7 +1127,7 @@
+ 	else
+ 		archive_le16enc(local_header + 8, zip->entry_compression);
+ 	archive_le32enc(local_header + 10,
+-		dos_time(archive_entry_mtime(zip->entry)));
++		unix_to_dos(archive_entry_mtime(zip->entry)));
+ 	if ((zip->entry_flags & ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LENGTH_AT_END) == 0) {
+ 		archive_le32enc(local_header + 14, zip->entry_crc32);
+ 		archive_le32enc(local_header + 18, (uint32_t)zip->entry_compressed_size);
+@@ -813,7 +1158,7 @@
+ 	else
+ 		archive_le16enc(zip->file_header + 10, zip->entry_compression);
+ 	archive_le32enc(zip->file_header + 12,
+-		dos_time(archive_entry_mtime(zip->entry)));
++		unix_to_dos(archive_entry_mtime(zip->entry)));
+ 	archive_le16enc(zip->file_header + 28, (uint16_t)filename_length);
+ 	/* Following Info-Zip, store mode in the "external attributes" field. */
+ 	archive_le32enc(zip->file_header + 38,
+@@ -983,21 +1328,147 @@
+ 		zip->written_bytes += slink_size;
+ 	}
+ 
++	switch (zip->entry_compression) {
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+-	if (zip->entry_compression == COMPRESSION_DEFLATE) {
+-		zip->stream.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+-		zip->stream.zfree = Z_NULL;
+-		zip->stream.opaque = Z_NULL;
+-		zip->stream.next_out = zip->buf;
+-		zip->stream.avail_out = (uInt)zip->len_buf;
+-		if (deflateInit2(&zip->stream, zip->deflate_compression_level,
++	case COMPRESSION_DEFLATE:
++		zip->stream.deflate.zalloc = Z_NULL;
++		zip->stream.deflate.zfree = Z_NULL;
++		zip->stream.deflate.opaque = Z_NULL;
++		zip->stream.deflate.next_out = zip->buf;
++		zip->stream.deflate.avail_out = (uInt)zip->len_buf;
++		if (deflateInit2(&zip->stream.deflate, zip->compression_level,
+ 		    Z_DEFLATED, -15, 8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY) != Z_OK) {
+ 			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
+ 			    "Can't init deflate compressor");
+ 			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 		}
+-	}
++		break;
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++	case COMPRESSION_BZIP2:
++		memset(&zip->stream.bzip2, 0, sizeof(bz_stream));
++		zip->stream.bzip2.next_out = (char*)zip->buf;
++		zip->stream.bzip2.avail_out = (unsigned int)zip->len_buf;
++		if (BZ2_bzCompressInit(&zip->stream.bzip2, zip->compression_level, 0, 0) != BZ_OK) {
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
++			    "Can't init bzip2 compressor");
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++		break;
++#endif
++#if defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H) && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream
++	case COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
++		{/* Libzstd, contrary to many compression libraries, doesn't use
++		 * zlib's 0 to 9 scale and its negative scale is way bigger than
++		 * its positive one. So setting 1 as the lowest allowed compression
++		 * level and rescaling to 2 to 9 to libzstd's positive scale. */
++		int zstd_compression_level = zip->compression_level == 1
++			? ZSTD_minCLevel() // ZSTD_minCLevel is negative !
++			: (zip->compression_level - 1) * ZSTD_maxCLevel() / 8;
++		zip->stream.zstd.context = ZSTD_createCStream();
++		size_t zret = ZSTD_initCStream(zip->stream.zstd.context, zstd_compression_level);
++		if (ZSTD_isError(zret)) {
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
++			    "Can't init zstd compressor");
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++		/* Asking for the multi-threaded compressor is a no-op in zstd if
++		 * it's not supported, so no need to explicitly check for it */
++		ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter(zip->stream.zstd.context, ZSTD_c_nbWorkers, zip->threads);
++		zip->stream.zstd.out.dst = zip->buf;
++		zip->stream.zstd.out.size = zip->len_buf;
++		zip->stream.zstd.out.pos = 0;
++		break;}
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++	case COMPRESSION_LZMA:
++		{/* Set compression level 9 as the no-holds barred one */
++		uint32_t lzma_compression_level = zip->compression_level == 9
++			? LZMA_PRESET_EXTREME | zip->compression_level
++			: (uint32_t)zip->compression_level;
++		/* Forcibly setting up the encoder to use the LZMA1 variant, as
++		 * it is the one LZMA Alone uses. */
++		lzma_filter filters[2] = {
++			{
++				.id = LZMA_FILTER_LZMA1,
++				.options = &zip->stream.lzma.options
++			},
++			{
++				.id = LZMA_VLI_UNKNOWN
++			}
++		};
++		memset(&zip->stream.lzma.context, 0, sizeof(lzma_stream));
++		lzma_lzma_preset(&zip->stream.lzma.options, lzma_compression_level);
++		zip->stream.lzma.headers_to_write = 1;
++		/* We'll be writing the headers ourselves, so using the raw
++		 * encoder */
++		if (lzma_raw_encoder(&zip->stream.lzma.context, filters) != LZMA_OK) {
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
++			    "Can't init lzma compressor");
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++		zip->stream.lzma.context.next_out = zip->buf;
++		zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_out = (unsigned int)zip->len_buf;
++		break;}
++	case COMPRESSION_XZ:
++		{/* Set compression level 9 as the no-holds barred one */
++		uint32_t lzma_compression_level = zip->compression_level == 9
++			? LZMA_PRESET_EXTREME | zip->compression_level
++			: (uint32_t)zip->compression_level;
++		lzma_ret retval;
++#ifndef HAVE_LZMA_STREAM_ENCODER_MT
++		/* Force the number of threads to one, and thus to a mono-threaded
++		 * encoder in case we don't have the multi-threaded one */
++		zip->threads = 1;
+ #endif
++		memset(&zip->stream.lzma.context, 0, sizeof(lzma_stream));
++		/* The XZ check will be arbitrarily set to none: ZIP already has
++		 * a CRC-32 check of its own */
++		if (zip->threads == 1) {
++			/* XZ uses LZMA2. */
++			lzma_filter filters[2] = {
++				{
++					.id = LZMA_FILTER_LZMA2,
++					.options = &zip->stream.lzma.options
++				},
++				{
++					.id = LZMA_VLI_UNKNOWN
++				}
++			};
++			/* Might as well use the lzma_options we already allocated,
++			 * even if we'll never use it after the initialisation */
++			lzma_lzma_preset(&zip->stream.lzma.options, lzma_compression_level);
++			/* 1 thread requested, so non multi-threaded encoder */
++			retval = lzma_stream_encoder(&zip->stream.lzma.context,
++				filters, LZMA_CHECK_NONE);
++		}
++		else {
++			lzma_mt options = {
++				.flags = 0,
++				.block_size = 0,
++				.timeout = 0,
++				.filters = NULL,
++				.check = LZMA_CHECK_NONE,
++				.preset = lzma_compression_level,
++				.threads = zip->threads
++			};
++			/* More than 1 thread requested, so multi-threaded encoder
++			 * which always outputs XZ */
++			retval = lzma_stream_encoder_mt(&zip->stream.lzma.context,
++				&options);
++		}
++		if (retval != LZMA_OK) {
++			archive_set_error(&a->archive, ENOMEM,
++			    "Can't init xz compressor");
++			return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++		}
++		zip->stream.lzma.context.next_out = zip->buf;
++		zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_out = (unsigned int)zip->len_buf;
++		break;}
++#endif
++	default:
++		break;
++	}
+ 
+ 	return (ret2);
+ }
+@@ -1082,15 +1553,15 @@
+ 			zip->entry_compressed_written += s;
+ 		}
+ 		break;
+-#if HAVE_ZLIB_H
++#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+ 	case COMPRESSION_DEFLATE:
+-		zip->stream.next_in = (unsigned char*)(uintptr_t)buff;
+-		zip->stream.avail_in = (uInt)s;
++		zip->stream.deflate.next_in = (unsigned char*)(uintptr_t)buff;
++		zip->stream.deflate.avail_in = (uInt)s;
+ 		do {
+-			ret = deflate(&zip->stream, Z_NO_FLUSH);
++			ret = deflate(&zip->stream.deflate, Z_NO_FLUSH);
+ 			if (ret == Z_STREAM_ERROR)
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-			if (zip->stream.avail_out == 0) {
++			if (zip->stream.deflate.avail_out == 0) {
+ 				if (zip->tctx_valid) {
+ 					trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
+ 					    zip->buf, zip->len_buf,
+@@ -1116,13 +1587,223 @@
+ 					return (ret);
+ 				zip->entry_compressed_written += zip->len_buf;
+ 				zip->written_bytes += zip->len_buf;
+-				zip->stream.next_out = zip->buf;
+-				zip->stream.avail_out = (uInt)zip->len_buf;
++				zip->stream.deflate.next_out = zip->buf;
++				zip->stream.deflate.avail_out = (uInt)zip->len_buf;
+ 			}
+-		} while (zip->stream.avail_in != 0);
++		} while (zip->stream.deflate.avail_in != 0);
++		break;
++#endif
++#if defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H) && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream
++	case COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
++		zip->stream.zstd.in.src = buff;
++		zip->stream.zstd.in.size = s;
++		zip->stream.zstd.in.pos = 0;
++		do {
++			size_t zret = ZSTD_compressStream(zip->stream.zstd.context,
++				&zip->stream.zstd.out, &zip->stream.zstd.in);
++			if (ZSTD_isError(zret))
++				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++			if (zip->stream.zstd.out.pos == zip->stream.zstd.out.size) {
++				if (zip->tctx_valid) {
++					trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf);
++				} else if (zip->cctx_valid) {
++					size_t outl = zip->len_buf;
++					ret = archive_encrypto_aes_ctr_update(
++						&zip->cctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf,
++						zip->buf, &outl);
++					if (ret < 0) {
++						archive_set_error(&a->archive,
++							ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++							"Failed to encrypt file");
++						return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++					}
++					archive_hmac_sha1_update(&zip->hctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf);
++				}
++				ret = __archive_write_output(a, zip->buf,
++					zip->len_buf);
++				if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
++					return (ret);
++				zip->entry_compressed_written += zip->len_buf;
++				zip->written_bytes += zip->len_buf;
++				zip->stream.zstd.out.dst = zip->buf;
++				zip->stream.zstd.out.size = zip->len_buf;
++				zip->stream.zstd.out.pos = 0;
++			}
++		} while (zip->stream.zstd.in.pos != zip->stream.zstd.in.size);
++		break;
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++	case COMPRESSION_BZIP2:
++		zip->stream.bzip2.next_in = (char*)(uintptr_t)buff;
++		zip->stream.bzip2.avail_in = (unsigned int)s;
++		do {
++			ret = BZ2_bzCompress(&zip->stream.bzip2, BZ_RUN);
++			if (ret != BZ_RUN_OK)
++				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++			if (zip->stream.bzip2.avail_out == 0) {
++				if (zip->tctx_valid) {
++					trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf);
++				} else if (zip->cctx_valid) {
++					size_t outl = zip->len_buf;
++					ret = archive_encrypto_aes_ctr_update(
++						&zip->cctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf,
++						zip->buf, &outl);
++					if (ret < 0) {
++						archive_set_error(&a->archive,
++							ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++							"Failed to encrypt file");
++						return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++					}
++					archive_hmac_sha1_update(&zip->hctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf);
++				}
++				ret = __archive_write_output(a, zip->buf,
++					zip->len_buf);
++				if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
++					return (ret);
++				zip->entry_compressed_written += zip->len_buf;
++				zip->written_bytes += zip->len_buf;
++				zip->stream.bzip2.next_out = (char*)zip->buf;
++				zip->stream.bzip2.avail_out = (unsigned int)zip->len_buf;
++			}
++		} while (zip->stream.bzip2.avail_in != 0);
++		break;
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++	case COMPRESSION_LZMA:
++		if (zip->stream.lzma.headers_to_write) {
++			/* LZMA Alone and ZIP's LZMA format (i.e. id 14) are almost
++			 * the same. Here's an example of a structure of LZMA Alone:
++			 *
++			 * $ cat /bin/ls | lzma | xxd | head -n 1
++			 * 00000000: 5d00 0080 00ff ffff ffff ffff ff00 2814
++			 *
++			 *    5 bytes        8 bytes        n bytes
++			 * <lzma_params><uncompressed_size><data...>
++			 *
++			 * lzma_params is a 5-byte blob that has to be decoded to
++			 * extract parameters of this LZMA stream. The
++			 * uncompressed_size field is an uint64_t value that contains
++			 * information about the size of the uncompressed file, or
++			 * UINT64_MAX if this value is unknown. The <data...> part is
++			 * the actual LZMA-compressed data stream.
++			 *
++			 * Now here's the structure of ZIP's LZMA format:
++			 *
++			 * $ cat stream_inside_zipx | xxd | head -n 1
++			 * 00000000: 0914 0500 5d00 8000 0000 2814 .... ....
++			 *
++			 *  2byte   2byte    5 bytes     n bytes
++			 * <magic1><magic2><lzma_params><data...>
++			 *
++			 * This means that ZIP's LZMA format contains an additional
++			 * magic1 and magic2 headers, the lzma_params field contains
++			 * the same parameter set as in LZMA Alone, and the <data...>
++			 * field is the same as in LZMA Alone as well. However, note
++			 * that ZIP's format is missing the uncompressed_size field.
++			 *
++			 * So we need to write a raw LZMA stream, set up for LZMA1
++			 * (i.e. the algorithm variant LZMA Alone uses), which was
++			 * done above in the initialisation but first we need to
++			 * write ZIP's LZMA header, as if it were Stored data. Then
++			 * we can use the raw stream as if it were any other. magic1
++			 * being version numbers and magic2 being lzma_params's size,
++			 * they get written in without further ado but lzma_params
++			 * requires to use other functions than the usual lzma_stream
++			 * manipulating ones, hence the additional book-keeping
++			 * required alongside the lzma_stream.
++			 */
++			uint8_t buf[9] = { LZMA_VERSION_MAJOR, LZMA_VERSION_MINOR, 5, 0 };
++			lzma_lzma_props_encode(&zip->stream.lzma.options, buf + 4);
++			const size_t sh = 9;
++			if (zip->tctx_valid || zip->cctx_valid) {
++				uint8_t* header = buf;
++				const uint8_t * const rh = header + sh;
++
++				while (header < rh) {
++					size_t l;
++
++					if (zip->tctx_valid) {
++						l = trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
++							header, rh - header,
++							zip->buf, zip->len_buf);
++					} else {
++						l = zip->len_buf;
++						ret = archive_encrypto_aes_ctr_update(
++							&zip->cctx,
++							header, rh - header, zip->buf, &l);
++						if (ret < 0) {
++							archive_set_error(&a->archive,
++								ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++								"Failed to encrypt file");
++							return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++						}
++						archive_hmac_sha1_update(&zip->hctx,
++							zip->buf, l);
++					}
++					ret = __archive_write_output(a, zip->buf, l);
++					if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
++						return (ret);
++					zip->entry_compressed_written += l;
++					zip->written_bytes += l;
++					header += l;
++				}
++			} else {
++				ret = __archive_write_output(a, buf, sh);
++				if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
++					return (ret);
++				zip->written_bytes += sh;
++				zip->entry_compressed_written += sh;
++			}
++			zip->stream.lzma.headers_to_write = 0;
++		}
++		/* FALLTHROUGH */
++	case COMPRESSION_XZ:
++		zip->stream.lzma.context.next_in = (unsigned char*)(uintptr_t)buff;
++		zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_in = (unsigned int)s;
++		do {
++			ret = lzma_code(&zip->stream.lzma.context, LZMA_RUN);
++			if (ret == LZMA_MEM_ERROR)
++				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++			if (zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_out == 0) {
++				if (zip->tctx_valid) {
++					trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf);
++				} else if (zip->cctx_valid) {
++					size_t outl = zip->len_buf;
++					ret = archive_encrypto_aes_ctr_update(
++						&zip->cctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf,
++						zip->buf, &outl);
++					if (ret < 0) {
++						archive_set_error(&a->archive,
++							ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++							"Failed to encrypt file");
++						return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++					}
++					archive_hmac_sha1_update(&zip->hctx,
++						zip->buf, zip->len_buf);
++				}
++				ret = __archive_write_output(a, zip->buf,
++					zip->len_buf);
++				if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
++					return (ret);
++				zip->entry_compressed_written += zip->len_buf;
++				zip->written_bytes += zip->len_buf;
++				zip->stream.lzma.context.next_out = zip->buf;
++				zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_out = (unsigned int)zip->len_buf;
++			}
++		} while (zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_in != 0);
+ 		break;
+ #endif
+-
+ 	case COMPRESSION_UNSPECIFIED:
+ 	default:
+ 		archive_set_error(&a->archive, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+@@ -1135,7 +1816,6 @@
+ 		zip->entry_crc32 =
+ 		    zip->crc32func(zip->entry_crc32, buff, (unsigned)s);
+ 	return (s);
+-
+ }
+ 
+ static int
+@@ -1143,16 +1823,20 @@
+ {
+ 	struct zip *zip = a->format_data;
+ 	int ret;
++#if defined(HAVE_BZLIB_H) || (defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H) && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream) || HAVE_LZMA_H
++	char finishing;
++#endif
+ 
+-#if HAVE_ZLIB_H
+-	if (zip->entry_compression == COMPRESSION_DEFLATE) {
++	switch (zip->entry_compression) {
++#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
++	case COMPRESSION_DEFLATE:
+ 		for (;;) {
+ 			size_t remainder;
+ 
+-			ret = deflate(&zip->stream, Z_FINISH);
++			ret = deflate(&zip->stream.deflate, Z_FINISH);
+ 			if (ret == Z_STREAM_ERROR)
+ 				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+-			remainder = zip->len_buf - zip->stream.avail_out;
++			remainder = zip->len_buf - zip->stream.deflate.avail_out;
+ 			if (zip->tctx_valid) {
+ 				trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
+ 				    zip->buf, remainder, zip->buf, remainder);
+@@ -1175,14 +1859,145 @@
+ 				return (ret);
+ 			zip->entry_compressed_written += remainder;
+ 			zip->written_bytes += remainder;
+-			zip->stream.next_out = zip->buf;
+-			if (zip->stream.avail_out != 0)
++			zip->stream.deflate.next_out = zip->buf;
++			if (zip->stream.deflate.avail_out != 0)
+ 				break;
+-			zip->stream.avail_out = (uInt)zip->len_buf;
++			zip->stream.deflate.avail_out = (uInt)zip->len_buf;
+ 		}
+-		deflateEnd(&zip->stream);
+-	}
++		deflateEnd(&zip->stream.deflate);
++		break;
+ #endif
++#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++	case COMPRESSION_BZIP2:
++		finishing = 1;
++		do {
++			size_t remainder;
++
++			ret = BZ2_bzCompress(&zip->stream.bzip2, BZ_FINISH);
++			if (ret == BZ_STREAM_END)
++				finishing = 0;
++			else if (ret != BZ_RUN_OK && ret != BZ_FINISH_OK)
++				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++			remainder = zip->len_buf - zip->stream.bzip2.avail_out;
++			if (zip->tctx_valid) {
++				trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
++				    zip->buf, remainder, zip->buf, remainder);
++			} else if (zip->cctx_valid) {
++				size_t outl = remainder;
++				ret = archive_encrypto_aes_ctr_update(
++				    &zip->cctx, zip->buf, remainder,
++				    zip->buf, &outl);
++				if (ret < 0) {
++					archive_set_error(&a->archive,
++					    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++					    "Failed to encrypt file");
++					return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++				}
++				archive_hmac_sha1_update(&zip->hctx,
++				    zip->buf, remainder);
++			}
++			ret = __archive_write_output(a, zip->buf, remainder);
++			if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
++				return (ret);
++			zip->entry_compressed_written += remainder;
++			zip->written_bytes += remainder;
++			zip->stream.bzip2.next_out = (char*)zip->buf;
++			if (zip->stream.bzip2.avail_out != 0)
++				finishing = 0;
++			zip->stream.bzip2.avail_out = (unsigned int)zip->len_buf;
++		} while (finishing);
++		BZ2_bzCompressEnd(&zip->stream.bzip2);
++		break;
++#endif
++#if defined(HAVE_ZSTD_H) && HAVE_ZSTD_compressStream
++	case COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
++		finishing = 1;
++		do {
++			size_t remainder;
++
++			size_t zret = ZSTD_endStream(zip->stream.zstd.context, &zip->stream.zstd.out);
++			if (zret == 0)
++				finishing = 0;
++			else if (ZSTD_isError(zret))
++				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++			remainder = zip->len_buf - (zip->stream.zstd.out.size - zip->stream.zstd.out.pos);
++			if (zip->tctx_valid) {
++				trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
++				    zip->buf, remainder, zip->buf, remainder);
++			} else if (zip->cctx_valid) {
++				size_t outl = remainder;
++				ret = archive_encrypto_aes_ctr_update(
++				    &zip->cctx, zip->buf, remainder,
++				    zip->buf, &outl);
++				if (ret < 0) {
++					archive_set_error(&a->archive,
++					    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++					    "Failed to encrypt file");
++					return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++				}
++				archive_hmac_sha1_update(&zip->hctx,
++				    zip->buf, remainder);
++			}
++			ret = __archive_write_output(a, zip->buf, remainder);
++			if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
++				return (ret);
++			zip->entry_compressed_written += remainder;
++			zip->written_bytes += remainder;
++			zip->stream.zstd.out.dst = zip->buf;
++			if (zip->stream.zstd.out.pos != zip->stream.zstd.out.size)
++				finishing = 0;
++			zip->stream.zstd.out.size = zip->len_buf;
++		} while (finishing);
++		ZSTD_freeCStream(zip->stream.zstd.context);
++		break;
++#endif
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++	/* XZ and LZMA share clean-up code */
++	case COMPRESSION_LZMA:
++	case COMPRESSION_XZ:
++		finishing = 1;
++		do {
++			size_t remainder;
++
++			ret = lzma_code(&zip->stream.lzma.context, LZMA_FINISH);
++			if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END)
++				finishing = 0;
++			else if (ret == LZMA_MEM_ERROR)
++				return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
++			remainder = zip->len_buf - zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_out;
++			if (zip->tctx_valid) {
++				trad_enc_encrypt_update(&zip->tctx,
++				    zip->buf, remainder, zip->buf, remainder);
++			} else if (zip->cctx_valid) {
++				size_t outl = remainder;
++				ret = archive_encrypto_aes_ctr_update(
++				    &zip->cctx, zip->buf, remainder,
++				    zip->buf, &outl);
++				if (ret < 0) {
++					archive_set_error(&a->archive,
++					    ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
++					    "Failed to encrypt file");
++					return (ARCHIVE_FAILED);
++				}
++				archive_hmac_sha1_update(&zip->hctx,
++				    zip->buf, remainder);
++			}
++			ret = __archive_write_output(a, zip->buf, remainder);
++			if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
++				return (ret);
++			zip->entry_compressed_written += remainder;
++			zip->written_bytes += remainder;
++			zip->stream.lzma.context.next_out = zip->buf;
++			if (zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_out != 0)
++				finishing = 0;
++			zip->stream.lzma.context.avail_out = (unsigned int)zip->len_buf;
++		} while (finishing);
++		lzma_end(&zip->stream.lzma.context);
++		break;
++#endif
++	default:
++		break;
++	}
+ 	if (zip->hctx_valid) {
+ 		uint8_t hmac[20];
+ 		size_t hmac_len = 20;
+@@ -1366,7 +2181,6 @@
+ 	  if (ret != ARCHIVE_OK)
+ 		  return (ARCHIVE_FATAL);
+ 	  zip->written_bytes += 20;
+-
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Format and write end of central directory. */
+@@ -1413,44 +2227,6 @@
+ 	return (ARCHIVE_OK);
+ }
+ 
+-/* Convert into MSDOS-style date/time. */
+-static unsigned int
+-dos_time(const time_t unix_time)
+-{
+-	struct tm *t;
+-	unsigned int dt;
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	struct tm tmbuf;
+-#endif
+-
+-#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
+-	t = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &unix_time) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
+-#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
+-	t = localtime_r(&unix_time, &tmbuf);
+-#else
+-	t = localtime(&unix_time);
+-#endif
+-
+-	/* MSDOS-style date/time is only between 1980-01-01 and 2107-12-31 */
+-	if (t->tm_year < 1980 - 1900)
+-		/* Set minimum date/time '1980-01-01 00:00:00'. */
+-		dt = 0x00210000U;
+-	else if (t->tm_year > 2107 - 1900)
+-		/* Set maximum date/time '2107-12-31 23:59:58'. */
+-		dt = 0xff9fbf7dU;
+-	else {
+-		dt = 0;
+-		dt += ((t->tm_year - 80) & 0x7f) << 9;
+-		dt += ((t->tm_mon + 1) & 0x0f) << 5;
+-		dt += (t->tm_mday & 0x1f);
+-		dt <<= 16;
+-		dt += (t->tm_hour & 0x1f) << 11;
+-		dt += (t->tm_min & 0x3f) << 5;
+-		dt += (t->tm_sec & 0x3e) >> 1; /* Only counting every 2 seconds. */
+-	}
+-	return dt;
+-}
+-
+ static size_t
+ path_length(struct archive_entry *entry)
+ {
+@@ -1518,7 +2294,6 @@
+ 		p[pathlen] = '/';
+ }
+ 
+-
+ static struct archive_string_conv *
+ get_sconv(struct archive_write *a, struct zip *zip)
+ {
+@@ -1576,7 +2351,6 @@
+ static int
+ trad_enc_init(struct trad_enc_ctx *ctx, const char *pw, size_t pw_len)
+ {
+-
+ 	ctx->keys[0] = 305419896L;
+ 	ctx->keys[1] = 591751049L;
+ 	ctx->keys[2] = 878082192L;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_options.3.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/archive_write_set_options.3
+@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
+ The value is interpreted as a decimal integer specifying the
+ number of threads for multi-threaded zstd compression.
+ If set to 0, zstd will attempt to detect and use the number
+-of physical CPU cores.
++of active physical CPU cores.
+ .El
+ .It Format 7zip
+ .Bl -tag -compact -width indent
+@@ -274,9 +274,10 @@
+ .Dq deflate ,
+ .Dq bzip2 ,
+ .Dq lzma1 ,
+-.Dq lzma2
++.Dq lzma2 ,
++.Dq ppmd ,
+ or
+-.Dq ppmd
++.Dq zstd
+ to indicate how the following entries should be compressed.
+ The values
+ .Dq store
+@@ -289,9 +290,16 @@
+ The value is interpreted as a decimal integer specifying the
+ compression level.
+ Values between 0 and 9 are supported, with the exception of bzip2
+-which only supports values between 1 and 9.
++which only supports values between 1 and 9, and zstd which may
++support negative values depending on the library version and
++commonly used values 1 through 22.
+ The interpretation of the compression level depends on the chosen
+ compression method.
++.It Cm threads
++The value is interpreted as a decimal integer specifying the
++number of threads for multi-threaded compression (for compressors
++like zstd that support it). If set to 0, an attempt will be made
++to discover the number of CPU cores.
+ .El
+ .It Format bin
+ .Bl -tag -compact -width indent
+@@ -632,9 +640,13 @@
+ .Bl -tag -compact -width indent
+ .It Cm compression
+ The value is either
+-.Dq store
++.Dq store ,
++.Dq deflate ,
++.Dq bzip2 ,
++.Dq lzma ,
++.Dq xz ,
+ or
+-.Dq deflate
++.Dq zstd
+ to indicate how the following entries should be compressed.
+ Note that this setting is ignored for directories, symbolic links,
+ and other special entries.
+@@ -645,8 +657,23 @@
+ A compression level of 0 switches the compression method to
+ .Dq store ,
+ other values will enable
+-.Dq deflate
+-compression with the given level.
++.Dq deflate ,
++.Dq bzip2 ,
++.Dq lzma ,
++or
++.Dq zstd
++compression (in order of priority, depending on what libraries 
++are linked) with the given level.
++.It Cm threads
++The value is interpreted as a decimal integer specifying the
++number of threads to use for compression.
++It is supported only for
++.Dq xz
++or
++.Dq zstd
++compression and ignored for any other.
++A threads value of 0 is a special one requesting to detect and use as
++many threads as the number of active physical CPU cores.
+ .It Cm encryption
+ Enable encryption using traditional zip encryption.
+ .It Cm encryption Ns = Ns Ar type
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/libarchive-formats.5.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/libarchive-formats.5
+@@ -327,10 +327,26 @@
+ Libarchive can read and write zip format archives that have
+ uncompressed entries and entries compressed with the
+ .Dq deflate
++,
++.Dq LZMA
++,
++.Dq XZ
++,
++.Dq BZIP2
++and
++.Dq ZSTD
++algorithms.
++Libarchive can also read, but not write, zip format archives that
++have entries compressed with the
++.Dq PPMd
+ algorithm.
+ Other zip compression algorithms are not supported.
+-It can extract jar archives, archives that use Zip64 extensions and
+-self-extracting zip archives.
++The extensions supported by libarchive are Zip64, Libarchive's
++extensions to better support streaming, PKZIP's traditional
++ZIP encryption, Info-ZIP's Unix extra fields, extra time, and
++Unicode path, as well as WinZIP's AES encryption.
++It can extract jar archives, __MACOSX resource forks extension
++for OS X, and self-extracting zip archives.
+ Libarchive can use either of two different strategies for
+ reading Zip archives:
+ a streaming strategy which is fast and can handle extremely
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/read_open_memory.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/read_open_memory.c
+@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
+ 
+ 	(void)a; /* UNUSED */
+ 	/* We can't skip by more than is available. */
+-	if ((off_t)skip > (off_t)(mine->end - mine->p))
++	if (skip > mine->end - mine->p)
+ 		skip = mine->end - mine->p;
+ 	/* Always do small skips by prime amounts. */
+ 	if (skip > 71)
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_7zip_filename_encoding.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_7zip_filename_encoding.c
+@@ -1,100 +1,100 @@
+-/*

+- * Copyright (c) 2003-2018

+- * All rights reserved.

+- *

+- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

+- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

+- * are met:

+- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

+- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer

+- *    in this position and unchanged.

+- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

+- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

+- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

+- *

+- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR

+- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES

+- * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.

+- * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,

+- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT

+- * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

+- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

+- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

+- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF

+- * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

+- */

+-#include "test.h"

+-

+-DEFINE_TEST(test_7zip_filename_encoding_UTF16_win)

+-{

+-#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)

+-	skipping("This test is meant to verify unicode string handling"

+-		" on Windows with UTF-16 names");

+-	return;

+-#else

+-	struct archive *a;

+-	struct archive_entry *entry;

+-	char buff[4096];

+-	size_t used;

+-

+-	/*

+-	 * Don't call setlocale because we're verifying that the '_w' functions

+-	 * work as expected

+-	 */

+-

+-	a = archive_write_new();

+-	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_7zip(a));

+-	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK,

+-	    archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));

+-

+-	/* Part 1: file */

+-	entry = archive_entry_new2(a);

+-	archive_entry_copy_pathname_w(entry, L"\u8868.txt");

+-	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);

+-	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);

+-	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));

+-

+-	/* Part 2: directory */

+-	archive_entry_clear(entry);

+-	archive_entry_copy_pathname_w(entry, L"\u8868");

+-	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFDIR);

+-	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);

+-	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));

+-

+-	/* Part 3: symlink */

+-	archive_entry_clear(entry);

+-	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "link.txt");

+-	archive_entry_copy_symlink_w(entry, L"\u8868.txt");

+-	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFLNK);

+-	archive_entry_set_symlink_type(entry, AE_SYMLINK_TYPE_FILE);

+-	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);

+-	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));

+-

+-	/* NOTE: 7zip does not support hardlinks */

+-

+-	archive_entry_free(entry);

+-	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));

+-

+-	/* Ensure that the archive contents can be read properly */

+-	/* NOTE: 7zip file contents are not in the order we wrote them! */

+-	a = archive_read_new();

+-	archive_read_support_format_all(a);

+-	archive_read_support_filter_all(a);

+-	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, read_open_memory_seek(a, buff, used, 7));

+-

+-	/* Read part 3: symlink */

+-	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));

+-	assertEqualWString(L"\u8868.txt", archive_entry_symlink_w(entry));

+-

+-	/* Read part 1: file */

+-	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));

+-	assertEqualWString(L"\u8868.txt", archive_entry_pathname_w(entry));

+-

+-	/* Read part 2: directory */

+-	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));

+-	/* NOTE: Trailing slash added automatically for us */

+-	assertEqualWString(L"\u8868/", archive_entry_pathname_w(entry));

+-

+-	archive_read_free(a);

+-#endif

+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++/*
++ * Copyright (c) 2003-2018
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
++ *    in this position and unchanged.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_7zip_filename_encoding_UTF16_win)
++{
++#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
++	skipping("This test is meant to verify unicode string handling"
++		" on Windows with UTF-16 names");
++	return;
++#else
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	char buff[4096];
++	size_t used;
++
++	/*
++	 * Don't call setlocale because we're verifying that the '_w' functions
++	 * work as expected
++	 */
++
++	a = archive_write_new();
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_7zip(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	/* Part 1: file */
++	entry = archive_entry_new2(a);
++	archive_entry_copy_pathname_w(entry, L"\u8868.txt");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++
++	/* Part 2: directory */
++	archive_entry_clear(entry);
++	archive_entry_copy_pathname_w(entry, L"\u8868");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFDIR);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++
++	/* Part 3: symlink */
++	archive_entry_clear(entry);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "link.txt");
++	archive_entry_copy_symlink_w(entry, L"\u8868.txt");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFLNK);
++	archive_entry_set_symlink_type(entry, AE_SYMLINK_TYPE_FILE);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++
++	/* NOTE: 7zip does not support hardlinks */
++
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	/* Ensure that the archive contents can be read properly */
++	/* NOTE: 7zip file contents are not in the order we wrote them! */
++	a = archive_read_new();
++	archive_read_support_format_all(a);
++	archive_read_support_filter_all(a);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, read_open_memory_seek(a, buff, used, 7));
++
++	/* Read part 3: symlink */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++	assertEqualWString(L"\u8868.txt", archive_entry_symlink_w(entry));
++
++	/* Read part 1: file */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++	assertEqualWString(L"\u8868.txt", archive_entry_pathname_w(entry));
++
++	/* Read part 2: directory */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++	/* NOTE: Trailing slash added automatically for us */
++	assertEqualWString(L"\u8868/", archive_entry_pathname_w(entry));
++
++	archive_read_free(a);
++#endif
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_pax.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_pax.c
+@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs shouldn't be stored as extended ACLs");
+ 	assert(0 == archive_entry_acl_reset(ae, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS));
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0142, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0142);
+ 
+ 	/* Second item has a few ACLs */
+@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls1, sizeof(acls1)/sizeof(acls1[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, 0142);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0142, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0142);
+ 
+ 	/* Third item has pretty extensive ACLs */
+@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls2, sizeof(acls2)/sizeof(acls2[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, 0543);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0543, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0543);
+ 
+ 	/* Fourth item has no ACLs */
+@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs shouldn't be stored as extended ACLs");
+ 	assert(0 == archive_entry_acl_reset(ae, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS));
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0142, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0142);
+ 
+ 	/* Close the archive. */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_platform_nfs4.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_platform_nfs4.c
+@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
+ #if ARCHIVE_ACL_SUNOS_NFS4 || ARCHIVE_ACL_LIBRICHACL
+ 		if (flags & perms[i].machine)
+ #else
+-		if (acl_get_flag_np(opaque_fs, perms[i].machine))
++		if (acl_get_flag_np(opaque_fs, (acl_flag_t)perms[i].machine))
+ #endif
+ 			flagset |= perms[i].portable;
+ 	return flagset;
+@@ -772,7 +772,8 @@
+ 		failure(" ACL entry %d missing from %s: "
+ 		    "type=%#010x,permset=%#010x,tag=%d,qual=%d,name=``%s''\n",
+ 		    marker[i], filename,
+-		    myacls[marker[i]].type, myacls[marker[i]].permset,
++		    (unsigned int)myacls[marker[i]].type,
++		    (unsigned int)myacls[marker[i]].permset,
+ 		    myacls[marker[i]].tag, myacls[marker[i]].qual,
+ 		    myacls[marker[i]].name);
+ 		assert(0); /* Record this as a failure. */
+@@ -824,7 +825,7 @@
+ 
+ 		failure("ACL entry on file that shouldn't be there: "
+ 			"type=%#010x,permset=%#010x,tag=%d,qual=%d",
+-			type,permset,tag,qual);
++			(unsigned int)type, (unsigned int)permset, tag, qual);
+ 		assert(matched == 1);
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -833,7 +834,8 @@
+ 		failure(" ACL entry %d missing from %s: "
+ 		    "type=%#010x,permset=%#010x,tag=%d,qual=%d,name=``%s''\n",
+ 		    marker[i], filename,
+-		    myacls[marker[i]].type, myacls[marker[i]].permset,
++		    (unsigned int)myacls[marker[i]].type,
++		    (unsigned int)myacls[marker[i]].permset,
+ 		    myacls[marker[i]].tag, myacls[marker[i]].qual,
+ 		    myacls[marker[i]].name);
+ 		assert(0); /* Record this as a failure. */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_platform_posix1e.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_platform_posix1e.c
+@@ -274,7 +274,8 @@
+ 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+ 		failure(" ACL entry missing from file: "
+ 		    "type=%#010x,permset=%#010x,tag=%d,qual=%d,name=``%s''\n",
+-		    myacls[marker[i]].type, myacls[marker[i]].permset,
++		    (unsigned int)myacls[marker[i]].type,
++		    (unsigned int)myacls[marker[i]].permset,
+ 		    myacls[marker[i]].tag, myacls[marker[i]].qual,
+ 		    myacls[marker[i]].name);
+ 		assert(0); /* Record this as a failure. */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_posix1e.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_posix1e.c
+@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs shouldn't be stored as extended ACLs");
+ 	assert(0 == archive_entry_acl_reset(ae, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS));
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0142, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0142);
+ 
+ 	/* With any extended ACL entry, we should read back a full set. */
+@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls1, sizeof(acls1)/sizeof(acls1[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, 0142);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0142, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0142);
+ 
+ 
+@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls2, sizeof(acls2)/sizeof(acls2[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, 0543);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0543, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0543);
+ 
+ 	/*
+@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs shouldn't be stored as extended ACLs");
+ 	assert(0 == archive_entry_acl_reset(ae, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS));
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0142, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0142);
+ 
+ 	/*
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_text.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_acl_text.c
+@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
+ 	  ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_EVERYONE, 0, "" },
+ };
+ 
+-const char* acltext[] = {
++static const char* acltext[] = {
+ 	"user::rwx\n"
+ 	"group::r-x\n"
+ 	"other::r-x\n"
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_archive_getdate.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_archive_getdate.c
+@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
+-/*-
+- * Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Tim Kientzle
+- * All rights reserved.
+- *
+- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+- * are met:
+- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+- *
+- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+- * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+- * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+- * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+- * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+- */
+-#include "test.h"
+-
+-#include <time.h>
+-
+-#define __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD 1
+-#include "archive_getdate.h"
+-
+-/*
+- * Verify that the getdate() function works.
+- */
+-
+-#define get_date __archive_get_date
+-
+-DEFINE_TEST(test_archive_getdate)
+-{
+-	time_t now = time(NULL);
+-
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "Jan 1, 1970 UTC"), 0);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "7:12:18-0530 4 May 1983"), 420900138);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "2004/01/29 513 mest"), 1075345980);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "99/02/17 7pm utc"), 919278000);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "02/17/99 7:11am est"), 919253460);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "now - 2 hours"),
+-	    get_date(now, "2 hours ago"));
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "2 hours ago"),
+-	    get_date(now, "+2 hours ago"));
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "now - 2 hours"),
+-	    get_date(now, "-2 hours"));
+-	/* It's important that we handle ctime() format. */
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "Sun Feb 22 17:38:26 PST 2009"),
+-	    1235353106);
+-	/* Basic relative offsets. */
+-	/* If we use the actual current time as the reference, then
+-	 * these tests break around DST changes, so it's actually
+-	 * important to use a specific reference time here. */
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "tomorrow"), 24 * 60 * 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "yesterday"), - 24 * 60 * 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "now + 1 hour"), 60 * 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "now + 1 hour + 1 minute"), 60 * 60 + 60);
+-	/* Repeat the above for a different start time. */
+-	now = 1231113600; /* Jan 5, 2009 00:00 UTC */
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "Jan 5, 2009 00:00 UTC"), now);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "tomorrow"), now + 24 * 60 * 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "yesterday"), now - 24 * 60 * 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "now + 1 hour"), now + 60 * 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "now + 1 hour + 1 minute"),
+-	    now + 60 * 60 + 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "tomorrow 5:16am UTC"),
+-	    now + 24 * 60 * 60 + 5 * 60 * 60 + 16 * 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "UTC 5:16am tomorrow"),
+-	    now + 24 * 60 * 60 + 5 * 60 * 60 + 16 * 60);
+-
+-	/* Jan 5, 2009 was a Monday. */
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "monday UTC"), now);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "sunday UTC"), now + 6 * 24 * 60 * 60);
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "tuesday UTC"), now + 24 * 60 * 60);
+-	/* "next tuesday" is one week after "tuesday" */
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "UTC next tuesday"),
+-	    now + 8 * 24 * 60 * 60);
+-	/* "last tuesday" is one week before "tuesday" */
+-	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "last tuesday UTC"),
+-	    now - 6 * 24 * 60 * 60);
+-	/* TODO: Lots more tests here. */
+-}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_archive_match_time.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_archive_match_time.c
+@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
+ 
+ #include "test.h"
+ 
+-#define __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD 1
+-#include "archive_getdate.h"
++#define parse_date archive_parse_date
+ 
+ static void
+ test_newer_time(void)
+@@ -102,27 +101,27 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Test1: Allow newer time. */
+ 	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "file1");
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:1 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:1 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 1);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Its mtime should be excluded");
+@@ -143,20 +142,20 @@
+ 	    "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC"));
+ 
+ 	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "file1");
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:1 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:1 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+@@ -190,27 +189,27 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Test1: Allow newer time. */
+ 	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "file1");
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:1 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:1 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 1);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Its mtime should be excluded");
+@@ -231,20 +230,20 @@
+ 	    L"1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC"));
+ 
+ 	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "file1");
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:1 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:1 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+@@ -569,37 +568,37 @@
+ 	    ARCHIVE_MATCH_OLDER, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC"));
+ 
+ 	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "file1");
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Its mtime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Its ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+@@ -612,20 +611,20 @@
+ 	    "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC"));
+ 
+ 	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "file1");
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+@@ -659,37 +658,37 @@
+ 	    ARCHIVE_MATCH_OLDER, L"1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC"));
+ 
+ 	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "file1");
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Its mtime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Its ctime should be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+@@ -702,20 +701,20 @@
+ 	    L"1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC"));
+ 
+ 	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "file1");
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/2/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/1/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should not be excluded");
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_time_excluded(m, ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, archive_match_excluded(m, ae));
+ 
+-	t = __archive_get_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
++	t = parse_date(now, "1980/3/1 0:0:0 UTC");
+ 	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, t, 0);
+ 	failure("Both Its mtime and ctime should be excluded");
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_archive_parse_date.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Tim Kientzle
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++#include <time.h>
++
++/*
++ * Verify that the archive_parse_date() function works.
++ */
++
++#define get_date archive_parse_date
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_archive_parse_date)
++{
++	time_t now = time(NULL);
++
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "Jan 1, 1970 UTC"), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "7:12:18-0530 4 May 1983"), 420900138);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "2004/01/29 513 mest"), 1075345980);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "99/02/17 7pm utc"), 919278000);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "02/17/99 7:11am est"), 919253460);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "now - 2 hours"),
++	    get_date(now, "2 hours ago"));
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "2 hours ago"),
++	    get_date(now, "+2 hours ago"));
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "now - 2 hours"),
++	    get_date(now, "-2 hours"));
++	/* It's important that we handle ctime() format. */
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "Sun Feb 22 17:38:26 PST 2009"),
++	    1235353106);
++	/* Basic relative offsets. */
++	/* If we use the actual current time as the reference, then
++	 * these tests break around DST changes, so it's actually
++	 * important to use a specific reference time here. */
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "tomorrow"), 24 * 60 * 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "yesterday"), - 24 * 60 * 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "now + 1 hour"), 60 * 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "now + 1 hour + 1 minute"), 60 * 60 + 60);
++	/* Repeat the above for a different start time. */
++	now = 1231113600; /* Jan 5, 2009 00:00 UTC */
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(0, "Jan 5, 2009 00:00 UTC"), now);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "tomorrow"), now + 24 * 60 * 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "yesterday"), now - 24 * 60 * 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "now + 1 hour"), now + 60 * 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "now + 1 hour + 1 minute"),
++	    now + 60 * 60 + 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "tomorrow 5:16am UTC"),
++	    now + 24 * 60 * 60 + 5 * 60 * 60 + 16 * 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "UTC 5:16am tomorrow"),
++	    now + 24 * 60 * 60 + 5 * 60 * 60 + 16 * 60);
++
++	/* Jan 5, 2009 was a Monday. */
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "monday UTC"), now);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "sunday UTC"), now + 6 * 24 * 60 * 60);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "tuesday UTC"), now + 24 * 60 * 60);
++	/* "next tuesday" is one week after "tuesday" */
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "UTC next tuesday"),
++	    now + 8 * 24 * 60 * 60);
++	/* "last tuesday" is one week before "tuesday" */
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "last tuesday UTC"),
++	    now - 6 * 24 * 60 * 60);
++
++	/* Unix epoch timestamps */
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "@0"), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "@100"), 100);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "@+100"), 100);
++
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "@"), -1);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "@-"), -1);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "@+"), -1);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "@tenth"), -1);
++	assertEqualInt(get_date(now, "@100 tomorrow"), -1);
++
++	/* TODO: Lots more tests here. */
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_archive_string_conversion.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_archive_string_conversion.c
+@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
+ 		archive_be16enc(utf16+2, (uc & 0x3ff) + 0xDC00);
+ 		return (4);
+ 	} else {
+-		archive_be16enc(utf16, uc);
++		archive_be16enc(utf16, (uint16_t)uc);
+ 		return (2);
+ 	}
+ }
+@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
+ 		archive_le16enc(utf16+2, (uc & 0x3ff) + 0xDC00);
+ 		return (4);
+ 	} else {
+-		archive_le16enc(utf16, uc);
++		archive_le16enc(utf16, (uint16_t)uc);
+ 		return (2);
+ 	}
+ }
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_compat_gtar_large.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright (c) 2003-2024 Tim Kientzle
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++/*
++ * Verify reading a GNU tar pax format archive with >8GB entry.
++ *
++ * Sample data created with GNU tar 1.35:
++ * $ dd if=/dev/zero of=test.bin bs=1048576 count=8192
++ * $ gnutar --format=posix -cvf test.tar test.bin
++ * $ hexdump -C -v test.tar | head -n 96
++ */
++
++static const unsigned char test_compat_gtar_large_data[] = {
++  /* 00000000 */   0x2e, 0x2f, 0x50, 0x61, 0x78, 0x48, 0x65, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73,  /* |./PaxHeaders/tes| */
++  /* 00000010 */   0x74, 0x2e, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |t.bin...........| */
++  /* 00000020 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000030 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000040 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000050 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000060 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x36, 0x34, 0x34, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,  /* |....0000644.0000| */
++  /* 00000070 */   0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,  /* |000.0000000.0000| */
++  /* 00000080 */   0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x31, 0x35, 0x35, 0x00, 0x31, 0x34, 0x37, 0x31, 0x31, 0x35, 0x36, 0x36,  /* |0000155.14711566| */
++  /* 00000090 */   0x30, 0x31, 0x33, 0x00, 0x30, 0x31, 0x31, 0x37, 0x35, 0x33, 0x00, 0x20, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |013.011753. x...| */
++  /* 000000a0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000000b0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000000c0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000000d0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000000e0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000000f0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000100 */   0x00, 0x75, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x72, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |.ustar.00.......| */
++  /* 00000110 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000120 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000130 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000140 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000150 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000160 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000170 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000180 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000190 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000001a0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000001b0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000001c0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000001d0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000001e0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000001f0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000200 */   0x31, 0x39, 0x20, 0x73, 0x69, 0x7a, 0x65, 0x3d, 0x38, 0x35, 0x38, 0x39, 0x39, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35,  /* |19 size=85899345| */
++  /* 00000210 */   0x39, 0x32, 0x0a, 0x33, 0x30, 0x20, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3d, 0x31, 0x37, 0x33, 0x30,  /* |92.30 mtime=1730| */
++  /* 00000220 */   0x36, 0x30, 0x34, 0x30, 0x34, 0x33, 0x2e, 0x30, 0x34, 0x36, 0x38, 0x33, 0x33, 0x30, 0x31, 0x31,  /* |604043.046833011| */
++  /* 00000230 */   0x0a, 0x33, 0x30, 0x20, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3d, 0x31, 0x37, 0x33, 0x30, 0x36, 0x30,  /* |.30 atime=173060| */
++  /* 00000240 */   0x34, 0x30, 0x33, 0x39, 0x2e, 0x38, 0x30, 0x37, 0x30, 0x38, 0x31, 0x33, 0x31, 0x39, 0x0a, 0x33,  /* |4039.807081319.3| */
++  /* 00000250 */   0x30, 0x20, 0x63, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3d, 0x31, 0x37, 0x33, 0x30, 0x36, 0x30, 0x34, 0x30,  /* |0 ctime=17306040| */
++  /* 00000260 */   0x34, 0x33, 0x2e, 0x30, 0x34, 0x36, 0x38, 0x33, 0x33, 0x30, 0x31, 0x31, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |43.046833011....| */
++  /* 00000270 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000280 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000290 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000002a0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000002b0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000002c0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000002d0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000002e0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000002f0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000300 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000310 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000320 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000330 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000340 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000350 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000360 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000370 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000380 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000390 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000003a0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000003b0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000003c0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000003d0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000003e0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000003f0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000400 */   0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x2e, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |test.bin........| */
++  /* 00000410 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000420 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000430 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000440 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000450 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000460 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x36, 0x34, 0x34, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,  /* |....0000644.0000| */
++  /* 00000470 */   0x37, 0x36, 0x35, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x32, 0x34, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,  /* |765.0000024.0000| */
++  /* 00000480 */   0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x31, 0x34, 0x37, 0x31, 0x31, 0x35, 0x36, 0x36,  /* |0000000.14711566| */
++  /* 00000490 */   0x30, 0x31, 0x33, 0x00, 0x30, 0x31, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x35, 0x00, 0x20, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |013.011235. 0...| */
++  /* 000004a0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000004b0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000004c0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000004d0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000004e0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000004f0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000500 */   0x00, 0x75, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x72, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |.ustar.00tim....| */
++  /* 00000510 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000520 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |.........staff..| */
++  /* 00000530 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000540 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000550 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000560 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000570 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000580 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 00000590 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000005a0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000005b0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000005c0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000005d0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000005e0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++  /* 000005f0 */   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* |................| */
++};
++
++/*
++ * Followed by 16777218 blocks, each consisting of 512 zeros:
++ * Entry is 8GB = 2^24 = 16777216 blocks
++ * Plus 2 zero blocks for end-of-archive
++ */
++
++struct my_reader {
++	const void *prefix;
++	int prefix_length;
++	int zero_blocks_remaining;
++	void *zero_block;
++};
++
++/*
++ * Custom reader returns first the prefix, then
++ * the expected number of zero blocks, then EOF.
++ */
++static ssize_t
++myread(struct archive *a, void *client_data, const void **buff)
++{
++  struct my_reader *reader = client_data;
++  (void)a; /* UNUSED */
++
++  if (reader->prefix != NULL) {
++	  *buff = reader->prefix;
++	  reader->prefix = NULL;
++	  return reader->prefix_length;
++  } else if (reader->zero_blocks_remaining > 0) {
++	  *buff = reader->zero_block;
++	  reader->zero_blocks_remaining -= 1;
++	  return 512;
++  } else {
++	  return 0;
++  }
++}
++
++/*
++ * test_compat_gtar_large verifies that we can read
++ * the archive encoded above.
++ */
++DEFINE_TEST(test_compat_gtar_large)
++{
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	struct my_reader reader = {
++		test_compat_gtar_large_data,
++		sizeof(test_compat_gtar_large_data),
++		16777218, /* 2^24 + 2 ; See above */
++		NULL
++	};
++	int r;
++
++	reader.zero_block = calloc(1, 512);
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open(a, &reader, NULL, myread, NULL));
++
++	/* Read first entry. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, r = archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
++		archive_read_free(a);
++		return;
++	}
++	assertEqualString("test.bin", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(1730604043, archive_entry_mtime(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(501, archive_entry_uid(ae));
++	assertEqualString("tim", archive_entry_uname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(20, archive_entry_gid(ae));
++	assertEqualString("staff", archive_entry_gname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0100644, archive_entry_mode(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(8589934592LL, archive_entry_size(ae));
++
++	/* TODO: Read and verify contents: 8GB of zeros */
++
++	/* Verify the end-of-archive. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	/* Verify that the format detection worked. */
++	assertEqualInt(archive_filter_code(a, 0), ARCHIVE_FILTER_NONE);
++	assertEqualInt(archive_format(a), ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_PAX_INTERCHANGE);
++
++	/* Verify that the reader actually read to the end of data */
++	assertEqualInt(reader.zero_blocks_remaining, 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++	free(reader.zero_block);
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_compat_solaris_tar_acl.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_compat_solaris_tar_acl.c
+@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls0, sizeof(acls0)/sizeof(acls0[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, 0644);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0644, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0644);
+ 
+ 	/* Second item has default and access ACLs */
+@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls1, sizeof(acls1)/sizeof(acls1[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, 0750);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0750, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0750);
+ 	assertEqualInt(6, archive_entry_acl_reset(ae,
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT));
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_compat_star_acl.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_compat_star_acl.c
+@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls0, sizeof(acls0)/sizeof(acls0[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, 0142);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0142, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0142);
+ 
+ 	/* Second item has pretty extensive ACLs */
+@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls1, sizeof(acls1)/sizeof(acls1[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, 0543);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0543, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0543);
+ 
+ 	/* Third item has default ACLs */
+@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@
+ 	assertEntryCompareAcls(ae, acls2, sizeof(acls2)/sizeof(acls2[0]),
+ 	    ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT, 0142);
+ 	failure("Basic ACLs should set mode to 0142, not %04o",
+-	    archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
++	    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae)&0777);
+ 	assert((archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777) == 0142);
+ 
+ 	/* Close the archive. */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_entry.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_entry.c
+@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(e, &set, &clear);
+ 	assertEqualInt(UF_HIDDEN, set);
+ 	assertEqualInt(UF_NODUMP | UF_IMMUTABLE | UF_APPEND, clear);
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	archive_entry_copy_fflags_text_w(e, L"rdonly,hidden,nosystem");
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(e, &set, &clear);
+ 	assertEqualInt(FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN, set);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_open_file.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_open_file.c
+@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@
+ 	struct archive *a;
+ 	FILE *f;
+ 
+-	f = fopen("test.tar", "wb");
++	f = fopen("test.7z", "wb");
+ 	assert(f != NULL);
+ 	if (f == NULL)
+ 		return;
+ 
+ 	/* Write an archive through this FILE *. */
+ 	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
+-	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_ustar(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_7zip(a));
+ 	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
+ 	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_FILE(a, f));
+ 
+@@ -70,9 +70,10 @@
+ 	fclose(f);
+ 
+ 	/*
+-	 * Now, read the data back.
++	 * Now, read the data back. 7z requiring seeking, that also
++	 * tests that the seeking support works.
+ 	 */
+-	f = fopen("test.tar", "rb");
++	f = fopen("test.7z", "rb");
+ 	assert(f != NULL);
+ 	if (f == NULL)
+ 		return;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_disk_directory_traversals.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_disk_directory_traversals.c
+@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
+ {
+ 	const char *fn = "fs_noatime";
+ 	struct stat st;
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	char *buff = NULL;
+ 	char *ptr;
+ 	int r;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip.c
+@@ -24,13 +24,16 @@
+  */
+ #include "test.h"
+ 
++#if HAVE_LZMA_H
++#include <lzma.h>
++#endif
++
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ #define	close		_close
+ #define	open		_open
+ #endif
+ 
+ #define __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD
+-#include <archive_crc32.h>
+ 
+ /*
+  * Extract a non-encoded file.
+@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@
+ 		la_ssize_t bytes_read = archive_read_data(a, buff, sizeof(buff));
+ 		assert(bytes_read >= 0);
+ 		if (bytes_read == 0) break;
+-		computed_crc = crc32(computed_crc, buff, bytes_read);
++		computed_crc = bitcrc32(computed_crc, buff, bytes_read);
+ 	}
+ 	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, expected_crc);
+ 
+@@ -929,6 +932,10 @@
+ 	if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_zstd(a)) {
+ 		skipping(
+ 		    "7zip:zstd decoding is not supported on this platform");
++	} else if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_xz(a)) {
++		// The directory header entries in the test file uses lzma.
++		skipping(
++		    "7zip:lzma decoding is not supported on this platform");
+ 	} else {
+ 		test_extract_all_files_zstd("test_read_format_7zip_zstd.7z");
+ 	}
+@@ -946,6 +953,10 @@
+ 	if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_zstd(a)) {
+ 		skipping(
+ 		    "7zip:zstd decoding is not supported on this platform");
++	} else if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_xz(a)) {
++		// The directory header entries in the test file uses lzma.
++		skipping(
++		    "7zip:lzma decoding is not supported on this platform");
+ 	} else {
+ 		test_extract_all_files_zstd("test_read_format_7zip_solid_zstd.7z");
+ 	}
+@@ -1063,7 +1074,7 @@
+ 	assertEqualString("hw-gnueabihf", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(sizeof(buff), archive_entry_size(ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(sizeof(buff), archive_read_data(a, buff, sizeof(buff)));
+-	computed_crc = crc32(computed_crc, buff, sizeof(buff));
++	computed_crc = bitcrc32(computed_crc, buff, sizeof(buff));
+ 	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, expected_crc);
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_file_count(a));
+@@ -1137,7 +1148,7 @@
+ 	assertEqualString("hw-arm64", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(sizeof(buff), archive_entry_size(ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(sizeof(buff), archive_read_data(a, buff, sizeof(buff)));
+-	computed_crc = crc32(computed_crc, buff, sizeof(buff));
++	computed_crc = bitcrc32(computed_crc, buff, sizeof(buff));
+ 	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, expected_crc);
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(1, archive_file_count(a));
+@@ -1150,7 +1161,7 @@
+ 
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_arm64)
+ {
+-#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_FILTER_ARM64
++#ifdef LZMA_FILTER_ARM64
+ 	struct archive *a;
+ 
+ 	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
+@@ -1260,6 +1271,97 @@
+ 	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+ }
+ 
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_sfx_pe)
++{
++	/*
++	 * This is a regular 7z SFX PE file
++	 * created by 7z tool v22.01 on Windows 64-bit
++	 */
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	int bs = 10240;
++	char buff[32];
++	const char reffile[] = "test_read_format_7zip_sfx_pe.exe";
++	const char test_txt[] = "123";
++	int size = sizeof(test_txt) - 1;
++
++	extract_reference_file(reffile);
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_open_filename(a, reffile, bs));
++
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualString("test.txt.txt", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++
++	assertA(size == archive_read_data(a, buff, size));
++	assertEqualMem(buff, test_txt, size);
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_sfx_modified_pe)
++{
++	/*
++	 * This test simulates a modified 7z SFX PE
++	 * the compressed data in the SFX file is still stored as PE overlay
++	 * but the decompressor code is replaced
++	 */
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	int bs = 10240;
++	char buff[32];
++	const char reffile[] = "test_read_format_7zip_sfx_modified_pe.exe";
++	const char test_txt[] = "123";
++	int size = sizeof(test_txt) - 1;
++
++	extract_reference_file(reffile);
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_open_filename(a, reffile, bs));
++
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualString("test.txt.txt", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++
++	assertA(size == archive_read_data(a, buff, size));
++	assertEqualMem(buff, test_txt, size);
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_sfx_elf)
++{
++	/*
++	 * This is a regular 7z SFX ELF file
++	 * created by 7z tool v16.02 on Ubuntu
++	 */
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	int bs = 10240;
++	char buff[32];
++	const char reffile[] = "test_read_format_7zip_sfx_elf.elf";
++	const char test_txt[] = "123";
++	int size = sizeof(test_txt) - 1;
++
++	extract_reference_file(reffile);
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_open_filename(a, reffile, bs));
++
++	assertA(0 == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualString("test.txt.txt", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++
++	assertA(size == archive_read_data(a, buff, size));
++	assertEqualMem(buff, test_txt, size);
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++  assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
++
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_extract_second)
+ {
+ 	struct archive *a;
+@@ -1301,3 +1403,206 @@
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+ }
++
++#ifdef LZMA_FILTER_RISCV
++static void
++test_riscv_filter(const char *refname)
++{
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	char buff[8488];
++	uint32_t computed_crc = 0;
++	uint32_t expected_crc = 0xf7ed24e7;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++
++	extract_reference_file(refname);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++		archive_read_open_filename(a, refname, 10240));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualInt((AE_IFREG | 0775), archive_entry_mode(ae));
++	assertEqualString("hw-riscv64", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(sizeof(buff), archive_entry_size(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(sizeof(buff), archive_read_data(a, buff, sizeof(buff)));
++
++	computed_crc = bitcrc32(computed_crc, buff, sizeof(buff));
++	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, expected_crc);
++
++	assertEqualInt(1, archive_file_count(a));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
++#endif
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_riscv)
++{
++#ifdef LZMA_FILTER_RISCV
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++
++	if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_lzma(a)) {
++		skipping("7zip:lzma decoding is not supported on this platform");
++	} else {
++		test_riscv_filter("test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_riscv.7z");
++	}
++#else
++	skipping("This version of liblzma does not support LZMA_FILTER_RISCV");
++#endif
++}
++
++static void
++test_sparc_filter(const char *refname)
++{
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	size_t expected_entry_size = 1053016;
++	char *buff = malloc(expected_entry_size);
++	uint32_t computed_crc = 0;
++	uint32_t expected_crc = 0x6b5b364d;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++
++	extract_reference_file(refname);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++		archive_read_open_filename(a, refname, 10240));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualInt((AE_IFREG | 0775), archive_entry_mode(ae));
++	assertEqualString("hw-sparc64", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(expected_entry_size, archive_entry_size(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(expected_entry_size, archive_read_data(a, buff, expected_entry_size));
++
++	computed_crc = bitcrc32(computed_crc, buff, expected_entry_size);
++	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, expected_crc);
++
++	assertEqualInt(1, archive_file_count(a));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++
++	free(buff);
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_sparc)
++{
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++
++	if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_lzma(a)) {
++		skipping(
++		    "7zip:lzma decoding is not supported on this platform");
++	} else {
++		test_sparc_filter("test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_sparc.7z");
++	}
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_zstd_sparc)
++{
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++
++	if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_zstd(a)) {
++		skipping(
++		    "7zip:zstd decoding is not supported on this platform");
++	} else {
++		test_sparc_filter("test_read_format_7zip_zstd_sparc.7z");
++	}
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
++
++static void
++test_powerpc_filter(const char *refname)
++{
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	size_t expected_entry_size = 68340;
++	char *buff = malloc(expected_entry_size);
++	uint32_t computed_crc = 0;
++	uint32_t expected_crc = 0x71fb03c9;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++
++	extract_reference_file(refname);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++		archive_read_open_filename(a, refname, 10240));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualInt((AE_IFREG | 0775), archive_entry_mode(ae));
++	assertEqualString("hw-powerpc", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(expected_entry_size, archive_entry_size(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(expected_entry_size, archive_read_data(a, buff, expected_entry_size));
++
++	computed_crc = bitcrc32(computed_crc, buff, expected_entry_size);
++	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, expected_crc);
++
++	assertEqualInt(1, archive_file_count(a));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++
++	free(buff);
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_deflate_powerpc)
++{
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++
++	if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_gzip(a)) {
++		skipping(
++		    "7zip:deflate decoding is not supported on this platform");
++	} else {
++		test_powerpc_filter("test_read_format_7zip_deflate_powerpc.7z");
++	}
++  
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_powerpc)
++{
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++
++	if (ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_support_filter_gzip(a)) {
++		skipping(
++		    "7zip:deflate decoding is not supported on this platform");
++	} else {
++		test_powerpc_filter("test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_powerpc.7z");
++	}
++  
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_deflate_powerpc.7z.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
++begin 664 test_read_format_7zip_deflate_powerpc.7z
++M-WJ\KR<<``2:7;DH@`@```````!R`````````#:LFQ3LU$MK$U$4P/$SDZB1
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M``````````````````````````````````````````````````````#PN]UJ
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++;!``````4"@$`>7-\NFY9VP$5!@$`((#]@0``
++`
++end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_extract_second.7z.uu.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_extract_second.7z.uu
+@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
+-begin 644 test_read_format_7zip_extract_second.7z

+-M-WJ\KR<<``-N%=VX!@$````````B`````````*R\U.<`&`Q"DFIGO`[1,RO\

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+-M0W://&'?"L?0L2!)`*]F30B0&/_'<4``%P9Z`0F`C``'"P$``2,#`0$%70``

+--@``,@*@*`6]FB2D`````

+-`

+-end

++begin 644 test_read_format_7zip_extract_second.7z
++M-WJ\KR<<``-N%=VX!@$````````B`````````*R\U.<`&`Q"DFIGO`[1,RO\
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++-@``,@*@*`6]FB2D`````
++`
++end
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_powerpc.7z.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
++begin 664 libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_powerpc.7z
++M-WJ\KR<<``3$^AU-00<```````!R`````````-SC-5?A"O,'.5T`/Y%%A&@T
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++M17-W'YT>9Q@;):Q=!M6*6%B<=I/2O&&TR;`%8C,>AU);W2__21.`.E&3R*"#
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+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_riscv.7z.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
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+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_sparc.7z.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
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+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_sfx_elf.elf.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,9442 @@
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++M````````````````````````````````-WJ\KR<<``3%FR"8!P````````!B
++M`````````-*[P;(!``(Q,C,``00&``$)!P`'"P$``2$A`0`,`P`("@'28TB(
++M```%`1D,````````````````$1L`=`!E`',`=``N`'0`>`!T`"X`=`!X`'0`
++:```9`!0*`0"SO`Y\`,';`14&`0"`````````
++`
++end
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_7zip_zstd_sparc.7z.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
++begin 664 test_read_format_7zip_zstd_sparc.7z
++M-WJ\KR<<``3"/F,50PD```````!R`````````&JZD5PHM2_]`$@!``!0*DT8
++M!````"X)```HM2_]H%@1$`#,%P#VY81(\-"H-?,C>D3."L@6'/;(Z"_OIG-<
++M&K,3C)Y#S,RFL.J-K#=E?%`M<*T];K]*&Z!'F&=H'7BNL.%[O^W'36\1$@F5
++ML25C;RE39P!U`'$`MAH8R!8>B!DH;E@X$*JU?FFQ@'_(SU+1;*J;FIG9V2!V
++MDB8GL-E)TFW5<'2+V0Q'MUAHX5$A^4D?7\5P\H?T8?KIK?2V@XK\%?S%>_3P
++M+_T%-O!='.5[_3<`L!<7VI_!=5KKBLL%G+V.,&3U)2MV?$KV3YUF,P&H!Z]3
++M#V>,K8R]8FADM[*\G*')?"C+31ZP5*Q2I4*+"\LG*II-!0.;G<_,7C+EC>9U
++MLY4PL-E9EMMN-;4=Q='5J?0(P;3R_P&0$#\BR-8$'!U_Z)J6?EI#$`1?6BST
++MMRD5"0.0`B^;J_?<6%.@LVES/Y*3[@?I53>N%NP\GG1[@.PQZ"(R`BHM6XWT
++MP""QZ$6.N7CIUL2C+?%H?4)2)QT-!Q'B@212\#C06.T0_+QU82-'+(*1\]/:
++MXOUI.*YN[G"TU\$GFJC<#_:,1()6])MDFG01&0$%L9.&9C.6T,XS1G9U$1D!
++MT:V*312=1RI;O";,ZF@XB,-+X!O!L[F!VN9DY*#9>P1ROQ?IHZ/-H=#O/6WN
++M<+_7AX]>T]!8(UMLC@S]$:ZOTEI*#[V5AT*-U0/64G3$F^+YO2S/C^2D$XMB
++M?'LG;J]N!MBLXMWA?@%KJ`$]!%%)0"-!"HJ:M`'``J$9*FX2X`!1J"\5929=
++M4%!.O2K+_AF)^77`/:-'"SXW\6%YIU\F^,G;UASI9MI_Z9;A^(47[B^6XR"F
++M)5>`7MKK@4\P`2F&4I)_/6!LZWDI8IMCY5@U4[/JEM;N?MIKQ5$9,RTVTNEX
++MG;Z-F@\+0`!*3I@5-@FGL?SC,_@K$;VM_4S_7>XI!WD*?B^HQ%Q3$`@KC"+'
++MCR'^M.NC^7L!=`08@Z(RCIUT3^?(6X6B),J1MP"Q/(MO/WYIR]X_$RA(U5#O
++MI9<G/X_"ZSI[*IQ(D;88*`(`$``"`!```@`0``(`$``"`!```@`0`,P&`(0%
++M`!`&!<@```````P0!#@```T0!D@``!D`&B_]^```'`00`F!O__[U$`*0!0-(
++M$`*X"E0+&```,!07$`/P$`/88```"1AP<&____X0`ZAO____`6___Q`#G#<@
++M@09"(B/Q]P'8@&W$L7<2-DRC_0-PMUT,_=^?Q9QS!;&NSPS_9V#-2/<V^&\C
++MM!M],<I_-4C2_V3>_'^@"ZOZ5T"^S&29;WDF^K]`P(--U]F:3-Q0PHPW^EZQ
++MW?\>+/@?<4/]3^'&-E#&\(W8=$S_.Z:5?V(;YW^WQ??G@Q"5*0"F\:)&\)23
++MQJP5#??[N\QK\8K/R8D['_38TJ)4>6XX00;0;J0:4<^0-42()$,8$.<$/@?X
++M-]A*ERF\-K>$<><HO+N%>,XR9C?9*9``E`"3`']06$@RE)4>=$H\+#(34:E)
++MD",,4H#T\<D<+)%#9!#)0^*P(5F`5,B;7\J8'RLH``UX,@:B?R1#2F)_Y'-)
++MFO-(4H*?STG3P,]%/W_N`FES$2"MP,\)_'P^G\\YG\_GW)!I,]/FVJ3`\KJP
++MHD*B*_2"A=&K@J\4B`DC#283C)!82/+QLT@L).G\/!(+23D_#R[[GE`MI9L]
++MP90ZT,B@]F0#PN5DJK'QL.^ZT)SV-%.R>=F=HR=6]0._W1W6:KVZ]5J;B#-,
++MK*"WL$T4M_W`#V=)M/.JQW*U0FX4KVU',:S=LK94R%)MV.T^>F#(XK955_3J
++M^*D\T>OF*`[.JXY5Y%9M=;_4MGM(+521.V%00V:9B$8,^2P'0"YZ<N231!KD
++MWT13(0]_X(=#KRB\2NF5Y0)A'=U8GD@7%PR_4?1,B+4%&T%81U^-VVK55E5D
++M6DK=I]*QOE>*OD`5]6H(TEVB5\%O)=:1GMIJ"S;2^H&?:>9F=QQ3NW>@MW?>
++M^%KPZ^JX-3*[Q^K`;;7AV*UL=>MV?ZM;YW'(P*(EP->J+N?:ZJF6$S?7N#>G
++M#R\O-8LJM=2@8':3S$R)9D1)O@`:BLPA3[29$JKP*_AU`&01-J+U$-&TG7_$
++M(^5)BS^D!?DU($V:W.,/K>,;H4QGQNB'S)'Q_WG0"P0Q/3TM*_Z4E)V=%*&3
++M$G^6#<A(_,L/\:?`V+%CFO\)9TQBL=#E_X`^B_F\`</_9P@_^,\65-!KM4*.
++M/HXI>@U5=.YK;2"L6WDT%&F!4*@A86:&1)*"@I0RK`%Q!08AA!2J,V5U$D"Q
++M0"1L65R9H1$2B5,_MC8#:.`!CH&`8X3!\O=`W"N)K*++$/418+A*NBEL:!0-
++M,:)]QOG,8+P[Q596>NE0>)@R]!R(D<5G>&C',BX,>MP+%Z#R`SF$D[#G!7A<
++MK$WSC0;<'+!<;C>MS((#J%_WY_.':K+X#YNUOTE,2LZQXPR@:%Z3182?V20/
++M+NM&7>9T6=#7T")Z!S_,?U3.=0$&+.I9E/_!AE_UK+482*C309H.X/.8NO]A
++MXS8<5[@W$$8#R)4[!)]8`,6A8+/B5R_Z#S*;UL5;*7WFT%MR,=B$;I/+E`Q6
++M_$;&<LHPW\F-3`NX@W4>CT5P[0*I/&R8BXFXS^O2%G$)?#T`,ALPS[61>02@
++M'N%$.9)8Z>E!GJ^`S_M-"-`BV-U9ISY8-0`0P#D<3DRRJ`!_)1-9IO1-6?,V
++M8Y4>V5$$UZ,>%_=48D5U8P**U_GCO*:GEK+\.MTVVX0N@!?.U[,7P']+9YF,
++M!4!6JSA;``\O7`'\G\B+C!7`R\U=`?RD"*%K.8`=D:(J%9K16'"C!,`J=AAM
++M+),P?%7]6?!PW78<:++M.^&QC09HV6)V`$PH]VCY4ZEXX*\!;Z;?A!>^,`":
++M`+(=Z:&T/^K,^OX$SNV[PRW3ANQZ\U6;MG#C$F-JD*'0YZ/]?57+NMG:&/+4
++M,%:\T9IL$9.A]`EQ"-108&:J,A1P*/4^H5U/W))T+V:-`C!8I"#M_T1/D[T"
++M`,*+WPN,7"HVPM``,,ZTX&^E<YL3[,9(N+D^MT4D=1Q,FIW=I7J3G!S,`+(;
++M:,`"Y3,GJ!H`@GHM0%0L=+"=J<4DF/M_257I?]QS7D/::E8*?A[&&M'$+[KP
++M(O`![\GAEO])A",Z[?^"*;$$`00&``$)B4,`!PL!``(D!/<1`04!!0,```0#
++M`P@%`0`,T%@1T%@1``@*`4TV6VL```4!&0@``````````!$7`&@`=P`M`',`
++J<`!A`'(`8P`V`#0````9!``````4"@$`@,:@07(HVP$5!@$`((#]@0``
++`
++end
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_gtar_redundant_L.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
++/*-
++ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ *
++ * Copyright (c) 2024 Tim Kientzle
++ * All rights reserved.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++#include <string.h>
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_gtar_redundant_L)
++{
++	const char *refname = "test_read_format_gtar_redundant_L.tar.Z";
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++
++	extract_reference_file(refname);
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_read_open_filename(a, refname, 10240));
++
++	/* First file has redundant 'L' headers; this should prompt
++	 * a suitable ARCHIVE_WARN message */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_WARN, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualInt(archive_errno(a), -1);
++	assert(strstr(archive_error_string(a), "Redundant 'L'") != NULL);
++
++	/* End of archive. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	/* Verify archive format. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_FILTER_COMPRESS, archive_filter_code(a, 0));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_GNUTAR, archive_format(a));
++
++	/* Close the archive. */
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_gtar_redundant_L.tar.Z.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_gtar_redundant_L.tar.Z
++M'YV0+EX$!,+DC9LS3-*X60.@H<.'$"-*G$BQHL6+%&%HA&&#!@T`&T."#*EQ
++M)$D8,F#$,'FRI,H8-6Y\!,$$H\V;.'/JE%AG#ITP<D"``"#GS1LZ.RD6/9JT
++MJ=.G4*-*G?K4YQLY8<Z4>5&F31TV8>B4(?,"QHL@;L@434.63-@P+_#(G4NW
++MKMV[>//JW<NW;UVJ@`,+'DRXL.'#B!,W#3BPX,&$"Q5+GABRX\>6+#=FWACC
++MQLJ6(E_:0`F`YN33.7O^##IT*=*IKE'+GDV;L%6L6KEZ!2N6K%FT:M^P?>'V
++M9UR_R),K7WZWMO/GT*-+GWZ:\0N"!A$J9$A]<&6/FV&$#X]2)7G-+V/.K-E=
++MMFJ@0HD:?2TU=OO[^!7?SKJUZ]>P8Y5U5EIKM?76<<PEJ.""?.7GX(,01BCA
++M3=9A]]AV$SKUW64GC0=:9Y^!YE(,,8PF0VGL93C8>ZS)QQ1L\ZDHXXP2[9>;
++M?[P%^!N!PAEH'(-`!ID<C406:>21@Z%1!AMLO.$"'7C0AR1&*FED&4LWV%!#
++M9C)P"-H,`,1`PPTSS&"###74`,,-()%(`PPSB3?E4RS&1T<:;0#F4QAFF#'G
++MG]VAD88"@!9JZ*&()JKHHHPVZNBCD$8JZ:245FKII9AFJNFFG';JZ:>@ABKJ
++MJ*26:NJIJ*:JZJJLMNKJJ[#&*NNLM-9JZZVXYJKKKKSVZNNOP`8K[+#$%FOL
++3L<@FJ^RRS#;K[+/01BOMM-0N"@``
++`
++end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_gtar_sparse.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_gtar_sparse.c
+@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@
+ 	const char *d;
+ };
+ 
+-struct contents archive_contents_sparse[] = {
++static struct contents archive_contents_sparse[] = {
+ 	{ 1000000, 1, "a" },
+ 	{ 2000000, 1, "a" },
+ 	{ 3145728, 0, NULL }
+ };
+ 
+-struct contents archive_contents_sparse2[] = {
++static struct contents archive_contents_sparse2[] = {
+ 	{ 1000000, 1, "a" },
+ 	{ 2000000, 1, "a" },
+ 	{ 3000000, 1, "a" },
+@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
+ 	{ 99000001, 0, NULL }
+ };
+ 
+-struct contents archive_contents_nonsparse[] = {
++static struct contents archive_contents_nonsparse[] = {
+ 	{ 0, 1, "a" },
+ 	{ 1, 0, NULL }
+ };
+@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
+  *   * contains a single byte 'a'
+  */
+ 
+-struct archive_contents {
++static struct archive_contents {
+ 	const char *filename;
+ 	struct contents *contents;
+ } files[] = {
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_gtar_sparse_length.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright (c) 2003-2025 Tim Kientzle
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_gtar_sparse_length)
++{
++	const char *refname = "test_read_format_gtar_sparse_length.tar.Z";
++	int err;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++
++	extract_reference_file(refname);
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert(0 == archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assert(0 == archive_read_support_format_tar(a));
++	failure("Can't open %s", refname);
++	assert(0 == archive_read_open_filename(a, refname, 3));
++
++	err = archive_read_next_header(a, &ae);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, err);
++	err = archive_read_next_header(a, &ae);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, err);
++
++	err = archive_read_next_header(a, &ae);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, err);
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_gtar_sparse_length.tar.Z.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_gtar_sparse_length.tar.Z
++M'YV09-+(>0$E#!XD9<*0*3/03!HV96(`F$BQHL6+&#-JW,BQ(T48(&W0H`$"
++M`,@8-VK$*'DRY4J3(&.>C`$#1`P:-V#,J#$CAHP8-D#``%IC)``0>#PJ7<JT
++MJ5.,=>;0"2,')APV=<Z(J?.0S-.*5[-N[?KUH\R:,&66+,NVK=NW<.'*D`'B
++MB),J+N;`H3JGC(LV8=2\D=,CAH*Y=>_FW2NG[]\T;@;W@'$81V*\>OGZE9.0
++MS9PT>LH4EG$CAX*XJ%.K7LVZM>O7L&/+GLTQX$"[5:8P[FODH5\8+QQ"E$C;
++M=4R1)&&B5,ERJ,OF9VF"M(E3)T^?0(6BG#'CQE$8Q<,WC3JU*LBP6KFR\<H6
++M_=CU;<^BE;]6O/W[KF4HH$S99^G]I^$GX(`$%FC@@0@F.*!M,KR@(&TQI51#
++M<\N]U!)S:<DWW4TY[=333T$-U1T-,AQ5PX/VD4>555BE1U9[+;['7EGT93@=
++.BCCFJ...//;HXX]`_@@`
++`
++end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_gtar_sparse_skip_entry.tar.Z.uu.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_gtar_sparse_skip_entry.tar.Z.uu
+@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
+ begin 644 test_read_format_gtar_sparse_skip_entry.tar.Z
+ M'YV04,+@05(F#)DR<EZ$`<"PH<.'$"-*G$BQHL6*,#+:L$$#!(",,6[4@.$1
+ MI$B2'S.JS#A#A@P0,63,L`$C!HP9-VB\K"FCAHT8`$#@N4BTJ-&C2"/6F4,G
+-MC)R48^J424HQZE2J$E=F+*G5(]:O8,.*'3M6!LDY:?24Z6'S!DX:,7#(H$%#
+-MP0R2;>BD:;,V!@T8-6)NE&'#10T<-#;>R(%CAEV28_3R9?LW\(P8-F[`<#%C
+-M)@T<->#6>`PBC.2^E07;J#'#Q>J-F5DJ<`GBB),J+N;`<3JGC(LV8=2\D<-V
+-M]DO;N'7S]MTFC9OA/6#,CE'[=N[=<GJ[<!-F<AB[-:HGQZY=3D$V:-6RA>$V
+-M9]RY=<G*GT^_OOW[^/.#13Z%?!DC:;!1AD+Z%6B12AMUE%)((W'%($I:U603
+-M#!W%-%---^6T4PPM8184#`:&"-9233V5D57SH2A?A%RMY)6(,,8HHPP*2/=7
+-M#C8HT-9;[_VE0'PR!BGDD$06:>212"9YD1EOO*&`DE!&*>645%9IY9589JGE
++MC)R48^J424HQZE2J$E=F+*G5(]:O8,.*'3M6!LDY:?24Z:$U(XV?,A3,(-F&
++M3IHV:V/0@%$CYD89-ES4P/'6QHT<.&;()3G&+MX>>OG&F!'#,`P7,V;2P%&#
++M1HP:BT&$<9QW;U_`-FK,<)%ZH^6;"ER"..*DBHLY<)S.*>.B31@U;^1`COV2
++MMFW<NGFW2>,F.-O8,6;7OIU;SFX7;L(\#B.WAO3CU:_+*<@&K5K(,&[@](Q#
++M!@T:"LC*GT^_OOW[^/.#-3XE?!DC:;!1AD+Z%6B12AMUE%)((W'%($IMK=11
++M3#/5=%-..TTF@UY!P6#@AV`MU=13&5DUGXGRM<752EZ!Z.*+,,8%@P)[Y6"#
++M`C:IEU,,[>TE5WPP!BGDD$06:>212"9YD1EOO`&DDE!&*>645%9IY9589JGE
+ MEEQVZ>678(8IYIADEFGFF6BFJ>::;+;IYIMPQBGGG'36:>>=>.:IYYY\]NGG
+-MGX`&*NB@A!9JJ)YB](D@1PZ>U&B#*468484RT11###7<8!8(&-)4PX=^DN@4
+-B5%*E6.J*746JTHN'2LFDDZW&*NNLM-9JZZVXYJKKKKR&!0``
++MGX`&*NB@A!9J*)YB](D@1PZ>U&B#*44(PX0RT13#9S>8!8*%--70H9\B.@65
++A5">2FF)7D:K4XJ%2,NDDJ[#&*NNLM-9JZZVXYJKKKF$!
+ `
+ end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar.c
+@@ -3810,6 +3810,26 @@
+   assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+ }
+ 
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_rar_endarc_huge)
++{
++  const char* reffile = "test_read_format_rar_endarc_huge.rar";
++
++  struct archive_entry *ae;
++  struct archive *a;
++
++  extract_reference_file(reffile);
++  assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_open_filename(a, reffile, 10240));
++
++  /* Test for truncation */
++  assertA(ARCHIVE_FATAL == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++  assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++  assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
++
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_rar_ppmd_use_after_free)
+ {
+   uint8_t buf[16];
+@@ -3829,8 +3849,8 @@
+   assertA(ARCHIVE_OK == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
+   assertA(archive_read_data(a, buf, sizeof(buf)) <= 0);
+ 
+-  /* Test EOF */
+-  assertA(1 == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++  /* Test for truncation */
++  assertA(ARCHIVE_FATAL == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
+ 
+   assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
+   assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+@@ -3856,8 +3876,56 @@
+   assertA(archive_read_data(a, buf, sizeof(buf)) <= 0);
+ 
+   /* Test EOF */
+-  assertA(1 == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++  assertA(ARCHIVE_FATAL == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
+ 
+   assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
+   assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+ }
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_rar_newsub_huge)
++{
++#if SIZE_MAX == UINT64_MAX
++  skipping("not relevant on 64 bit platforms");
++#else
++  const char* reffile = "test_read_format_rar_newsub_huge.rar";
++
++  struct archive_entry *ae;
++  struct archive *a;
++
++  extract_reference_file(reffile);
++  assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_open_filename(a, reffile, 10240));
++
++  /* Test for truncation */
++  assertA(ARCHIVE_FATAL == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++  assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++  assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_rar_symlink_huge)
++{
++#if SIZE_MAX == UINT64_MAX
++  skipping("not relevant on 64 bit platforms");
++#else
++  const char* reffile = "test_read_format_rar_symlink_huge.rar";
++
++  struct archive_entry *ae;
++  struct archive *a;
++
++  extract_reference_file(reffile);
++  assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++  assertA(0 == archive_read_open_filename(a, reffile, 10240));
++
++  /* Test for invalid entry */
++  assertA(ARCHIVE_FATAL == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++  assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++  assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++#endif
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar5.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar5.c
+@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
+ /* Some tests will want to calculate some CRC32's, and this header can
+  * help. */
+ #define __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD
+-#include <archive_crc32.h>
+ #include <archive_endian.h>
+ 
+ #define PROLOGUE(reffile) \
+@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@
+ 		/* *lptr is a value inside unpacked test file, val is the
+ 		 * value that should be in the unpacked test file. */
+ 
+-		if(archive_le32dec(lptr) != (uint32_t) val)
++		if(i4le(lptr) != (uint32_t) val)
+ 			return 0;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@
+ 		goto fn_exit;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	computed_crc = crc32(0, buf, fsize);
++	computed_crc = bitcrc32(0, buf, fsize);
+ 	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, crc);
+ 	ret = 0;
+ 
+@@ -336,7 +335,7 @@
+ 	assertA(proper_size == archive_read_data(a, buf, proper_size));
+ 
+ 	/* To be extra pedantic, let's also check crc32 of the poem. */
+-	assertEqualInt(crc32(0, buf, proper_size), 0x7E5EC49E);
++	assertEqualInt(bitcrc32(0, buf, proper_size), 0x7E5EC49E);
+ 
+ 	assertA(ARCHIVE_EOF == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
+ 	EPILOGUE();
+@@ -359,7 +358,7 @@
+ 	/* Yes, RARv5 unpacker itself should calculate the CRC, but in case
+ 	 * the DONT_FAIL_ON_CRC_ERROR define option is enabled during compilation,
+ 	 * let's still fail the test if the unpacked data is wrong. */
+-	assertEqualInt(crc32(0, buf, proper_size), 0x886F91EB);
++	assertEqualInt(bitcrc32(0, buf, proper_size), 0x886F91EB);
+ 
+ 	assertA(ARCHIVE_EOF == archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
+ 	EPILOGUE();
+@@ -870,7 +869,7 @@
+ 		if(bytes_read <= 0)
+ 			break;
+ 
+-		computed_crc = crc32(computed_crc, buf, bytes_read);
++		computed_crc = bitcrc32(computed_crc, buf, bytes_read);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, 0x7CCA70CD);
+@@ -1127,7 +1126,7 @@
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(ae, &set, &clear);
+ #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+ 	flag = UF_READONLY;
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	flag = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+ #endif
+ 	assertEqualInt(flag, set & flag);
+@@ -1139,7 +1138,7 @@
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(ae, &set, &clear);
+ #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+ 	flag = UF_HIDDEN;
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	flag = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+ #endif
+ 	assertEqualInt(flag, set & flag);
+@@ -1150,8 +1149,8 @@
+ 	assertEqualString("system", archive_entry_fflags_text(ae));
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(ae, &set, &clear);
+ #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+-	flag = UF_SYSTEM;;
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++	flag = UF_SYSTEM;
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	flag = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM;
+ #endif
+ 	assertEqualInt(flag, set & flag);
+@@ -1163,7 +1162,7 @@
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(ae, &set, &clear);
+ #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+ 	flag = UF_READONLY | UF_HIDDEN;
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	flag = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+ #endif
+ 	assertEqualInt(flag, set & flag);
+@@ -1175,7 +1174,7 @@
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(ae, &set, &clear);
+ #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+ 	flag = UF_READONLY;
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	flag = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+ #endif
+ 	assertEqualInt(flag, set & flag);
+@@ -1187,7 +1186,7 @@
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(ae, &set, &clear);
+ #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+ 	flag = UF_HIDDEN;
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	flag = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+ #endif
+ 	assertEqualInt(flag, set & flag);
+@@ -1199,7 +1198,7 @@
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(ae, &set, &clear);
+ #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+ 	flag = UF_SYSTEM;
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	flag = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM;
+ #endif
+ 	assertEqualInt(flag, set & flag);
+@@ -1211,7 +1210,7 @@
+ 	archive_entry_fflags(ae, &set, &clear);
+ #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+ 	flag = UF_READONLY | UF_HIDDEN;
+-#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	flag = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+ #endif
+ 	assertEqualInt(flag, set & flag);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar5_unicode.rar.uu.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar5_unicode.rar.uu
+@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+-begin 0744 test_read_format_rar5_unicode.rar

+-M4F%R(1H'`0#SX8+K"P$%!P`&`0&`@(``//TR$"@"`PN-``2-`"#FQN;K@```

+-M#/"?D8OPGXR.+G1X=`H#`D:)>%;RZ]D!2&5L;&\L('=O<FQD(2/9BPA(`@,<

+-M``0-(`````"````=XI*]XI.0XI.AXI.3(.*3@>*3F.*3G>*3FBYT>'0*`P)&

+-MB7A6\NO9`1`%!``,\)^1B_"?C(XN='ATD-'.1V$"`QP`!`"@"`````"````U

+-M\)V2KO"=DX[PG9."\)V2M_"=D9SPG9.!\)V2OO"=DK@@\)V0O_"=DK[PG9.#

+-L\)V3@"YT>'0*`P(>7'J>!.S9`1`%`@`,\)^1B_"?C(XN='AT'7=640,%!```

+-`

+-end

++begin 0744 test_read_format_rar5_unicode.rar
++M4F%R(1H'`0#SX8+K"P$%!P`&`0&`@(``//TR$"@"`PN-``2-`"#FQN;K@```
++M#/"?D8OPGXR.+G1X=`H#`D:)>%;RZ]D!2&5L;&\L('=O<FQD(2/9BPA(`@,<
++M``0-(`````"````=XI*]XI.0XI.AXI.3(.*3@>*3F.*3G>*3FBYT>'0*`P)&
++MB7A6\NO9`1`%!``,\)^1B_"?C(XN='ATD-'.1V$"`QP`!`"@"`````"````U
++M\)V2KO"=DX[PG9."\)V2M_"=D9SPG9.!\)V2OO"=DK@@\)V0O_"=DK[PG9.#
++L\)V3@"YT>'0*`P(>7'J>!.S9`1`%`@`,\)^1B_"?C(XN='AT'7=640,%!```
++`
++end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar_encryption.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar_encryption.c
+@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
+ #include "test.h"
+ 
+ /*
+- * All of the archives for this teset contain four files: a.txt, b.txt, c.txt, and d.txt
+- * For solid archives or archvies or archives where filenames are encrypted, all four files are encrypted with the
++ * All of the archives for this test contain four files: a.txt, b.txt, c.txt, and d.txt
++ * For solid archives or archives or archives where filenames are encrypted, all four files are encrypted with the
+  * password "password". For non-solid archives without filename encryption, a.txt and c.txt are not encrypted, b.txt is
+  * encrypted with the password "password", and d.txt is encrypted with the password "password2".
+  *
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar_endarc_huge.rar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_rar_endarc_huge.rar
++24F%R(1H'````>P"`"P#W____
++`
++end
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar_newsub_huge.rar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_rar_newsub_huge.rar.uu
++M4F%R(1H'`",E>@`!*```````````````````````````````````____?P``
++"````
++`
++end
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar_overflow.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright (c) 2003-2025 Tim Kientzle
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_rar_overflow)
++{
++    struct archive *a;
++    struct archive_entry *ae;
++    const char reffile[] = "test_read_format_rar_overflow.rar";
++    const void *buff;
++    size_t size;
++    int64_t offset;
++
++    extract_reference_file(reffile);
++    assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++    assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++    assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++    assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_filename(a, reffile, 1024));
++    assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++    assertEqualInt(48, archive_entry_size(ae));
++    /* The next call should reproduce Issue #2565 */
++    assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_FATAL, archive_read_data_block(a, &buff, &size, &offset));
++
++    assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++    assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar_overflow.rar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_rar_overflow.rar
++M4F%R(1H'`,($=```(0`@`0``,`````(````````````S`0``````,`"_B%_:
++MZ?^[:7``?S!!,`@P,KB@,T@RN33)MTEB@5Z3<`DP`K35`.0P63@P<,Q&0?#,
++MA##,,",S,(@P,#,@##`&,#":(3`!,#"(`9HPS,,S13`P,#`P,*`PHPS,,S1A
++M,!,!,#","9H@S12D#$PP!C`P`*'F03":,,T8H`@\,/DPJS!/,"30,#`3N%LP
++MCQ6:S3"!,#LP22<-,$5%B"5B$S!)(&*>G#+@!`E`%0ODC])62=DO,)BYJX'P
++M=/LPZ3!!008?%S`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P2$PP,#`P03!(,#`P,#`&
++M,`7),#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P
++-,#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P,```
++`
++end
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_rar_symlink_huge.rar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_rar_symlink_huge.rar
++M4F%R(1H'`'6E=``!*0````````````,``````````````0``H```____?P``
++#``!X
++`
++end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_tar_empty_with_gnulabel.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_tar_empty_with_gnulabel.c
+@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Verify that the format detection worked. */
+ 	assertEqualInt(archive_filter_code(a, 0), ARCHIVE_FILTER_NONE);
+-	assertEqualInt(archive_format(a), ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR);
++	assertEqualInt(archive_format(a), ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_GNUTAR);
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
+ 	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_tar_mac_metadata.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
++/*-
++ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ *
++ * Copyright (c) 2025 Zhaofeng Li
++ * All rights reserved.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_tar_mac_metadata)
++{
++	/*
++	 This test tar file is crafted with two files in a specific order:
++
++	 1. A ._-prefixed file with pax header containing the path attribute.
++	 2. A file with a pax header but without the path attribute.
++
++	 It's designed to trigger the case encountered in:
++	 <https://github.com/libarchive/libarchive/pull/2636>
++
++	 GNU tar is required to reproduce this tar file:
++
++	 ```sh
++	 NAME1="._101_aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"
++	 NAME2="goodname"
++	 OUT="test_read_format_tar_mac_metadata_1.tar"
++
++	 echo "content of badname" >"${NAME1}"
++	 echo "content of goodname" >"${NAME2}"
++
++	 rm -f "${OUT}"
++	 gnutar \
++	 	--mtime="@0" \
++	 	--owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner \
++	 	--pax-option=exthdr.name=%d/PaxHeaders/%f,atime:=0,ctime:=0,foo:=bar \
++	 	--format=pax \
++	 	-cf "${OUT}" \
++	 	"${NAME1}" \
++	 	"${NAME2}"
++	 uuencode "${OUT}" "${OUT}" >"${OUT}.uu"
++
++	 sha256sum "${OUT}"
++	 sha256sum "${OUT}.uu"
++	 ```
++	*/
++	const char *refname = "test_read_format_tar_mac_metadata_1.tar";
++	char *p;
++	size_t s;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++
++	/*
++	 * This is not a valid AppleDouble metadata file. It is merely to test that
++	 * the correct bytes are read.
++	 */
++	const unsigned char appledouble[] = {
++		0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x20, 0x6f, 0x66, 0x20, 0x62,
++		0x61, 0x64, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x0a
++	};
++
++	extract_reference_file(refname);
++	p = slurpfile(&s, "%s", refname);
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_tar(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_set_option(a, "tar", "mac-ext", "1"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, read_open_memory_seek(a, p, s, 1));
++
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	/* Correct name and metadata bytes */
++	assertEqualString("goodname", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++
++	const void *metadata = archive_entry_mac_metadata(ae, &s);
++	if (assert(metadata != NULL)) {
++		assertEqualMem(metadata, appledouble,
++			sizeof(appledouble));
++	}
++
++	/* ... and nothing else */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++
++	free(p);
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_tar_mac_metadata_1.tar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_tar_mac_metadata_1.tar
++M+B]087A(96%D97)S+RY?,3`Q7V%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A
++M86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A
++M86%A86%A86%A83`P,#`V-#0`,#`P,#`P,``P,#`P,#`P`#`P,#`P,#`P,C(P
++M`#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P`#`S,#,Q,0`@>```````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M``````````````````````````````````````````!U<W1A<@`P,```````
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++M86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A
++M86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A80HQ,2!F;V\]
++M8F%R"C$Q(&-T:6UE/3`*,3$@871I;64],`H`````````````````````````
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++M86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A
++M86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86%A86$P
++M,#`P-C0T`#`P,#`P,#``,#`P,#`P,``P,#`P,#`P,#`R,P`P,#`P,#`P,#`P
++M,``P,S`S-S8`(#``````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M,#`P`#`P,#`P,#``,#`P,#`P,#`P-#$`,#`P,#`P,#`P,#``,#$Q-S0U`"!X
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++9````````````````````````````````````
++`
++end
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_tar_pax_g_large.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright (c) 2025 Tobias Stoeckmann
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++/*
++ * Read a pax formatted tar archive that has an extremely large
++ * (4 GB) global header. The pax reader should correctly skip the header and
++ * jump to (or past) end of file without encountering any further entry.
++ */
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_tar_pax_g_large)
++{
++	char name[] = "test_read_format_tar_pax_g_large.tar";
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	extract_reference_file(name);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_filename(a, name, 10240));
++
++	/* Verify that no data entry is found. */
++	assertA(archive_read_next_header(a, &ae) != ARCHIVE_OK);
++
++	/* Verify that the format detection worked. */
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_FILTER_NONE, archive_filter_code(a, 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_PAX_INTERCHANGE, archive_format(a));
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_tar_pax_g_large.tar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_tar_pax_g_large.tar.uu
++M96UP='D`````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M`````````````#`P,#`V-#0`,#`P,3<U,``P,#`Q-S4P`#0P,#`P,#`P,#`P
++M`#$T-S<V-S0V,34T`#`Q,#<W-0`@9P``````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M``````````````````````````````````````````!U<W1A<B`@`')O;W0`
++M````````````````````````````````````<F]O=```````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M``````````````````````!E;7!T>0``````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````,#`P,#8T-``P,#`Q-S4P`#`P
++M,#$W-3``,#`P,#`P,#`P,#``,30W-S8W-#8Q-30`,#$P-S`R`"`P````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M`````'5S=&%R("``<F]O=`````````````````````````````````````!R
++M;V]T````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++7````````````````````````````````
++`
++end
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_tar_pax_negative_time.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright (c) 2025 Tobias Stoeckmann
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++/*
++ * Read a pax formatted tar archive that has a negative modification time.
++ */
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_tar_pax_negative_time)
++{
++	char name[] = "test_read_format_tar_pax_negative_time.tar";
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	extract_reference_file(name);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_filename(a, name, 10240));
++
++	/* Read first entry. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualString("empty", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(-2146608000, archive_entry_atime(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_atime_nsec(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(1748089464, archive_entry_ctime(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(951928467, archive_entry_ctime_nsec(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(-2146608000, archive_entry_mtime(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_mtime_nsec(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_uid(ae));
++	assertEqualString("root", archive_entry_uname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_gid(ae));
++	assertEqualString("root", archive_entry_gname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0100644, archive_entry_mode(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(archive_entry_is_encrypted(ae), 0);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, archive_read_has_encrypted_entries(a), ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_ENCRYPTION_UNSUPPORTED);
++
++	/* Verify the end-of-archive. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	/* Verify that the format detection worked. */
++	assertEqualInt(archive_filter_code(a, 0), ARCHIVE_FILTER_NONE);
++	assertEqualInt(archive_format(a), ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_PAX_INTERCHANGE);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_tar_pax_negative_time.tar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_tar_pax_negative_time.tar
++M4&%X2&5A9&5R+V5M<'1Y````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M`````````````#`P,#8T-"``,#`P,#`P(``P,#`P,#`@`#`P,#`P,#`P,3$P
++M(#`P,#`P,#`P,#`P(#`Q-#`Q-P`@>```````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M``````````````````````````````````````````!U<W1A<@`P,')O;W0`
++M````````````````````````````````````<F]O=```````````````````
++M```````````````````P,#`P,#`@`#`P,#`P,"``````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M```````````````````````S,"!C=&EM93TQ-S0X,#@Y-#8T+CDU,3DR.#0V
++M-PHR,2!A=&EM93TM,C$T-C8P.#`P,`HR,2!M=&EM93TM,C$T-C8P.#`P,`H`
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M`````````````````````````````````````````````&5M<'1Y````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````P
++M,#`V-#0@`#`P,#`P,"``,#`P,#`P(``P,#`P,#`P,#`P,"#_________@`U<
++M@"`P,34Q-C8`(#``````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````=7-T87(`,#!R;V]T````````````````
++M`````````````````````')O;W0`````````````````````````````````
++M````,#`P,#`P(``P,#`P,#`@````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++H````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++`
++end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_warc.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_warc.c
+@@ -78,3 +78,27 @@
+ 	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
+ 	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+ }
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_format_warc_incomplete)
++{
++	const char reffile[] = "test_read_format_warc_incomplete.warc";
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	extract_reference_file(reffile);
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_read_open_filename(a, reffile, 10240));
++
++	/* Entry cannot be parsed */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_FATAL, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	/* Verify archive format. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_FILTER_NONE, archive_filter_code(a, 0));
++
++	/* Verify closing and resource freeing */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_warc_incomplete.warc.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
++begin 644 test_read_format_warc_incomplete.warc
++M5T%20R\Q+C`-"E=!4D,M5'EP93H@8V]N=F5R<VEO;@T*5T%20RU$871E.B`R
++M,#(U+3`S+3,P5#$U.C`P.C0P6@T*0V]N=&5N="U,96YG=&@Z(#DR,C,S-S(P
++M,S8X-30W-S4X,#<-"@T*5T%20R\Q+C`-"E=!4D,M5'EP93H@<F5S;W5R8V4-
++M"E=!4D,M5&%R9V5T+55223H@9FEL93HO+W)E861M92YT>'0-"E=!4D,M1&%T
++M93H@,C`R-2TP,RTS,%0Q-3HP,#HT,%H-"D-O;G1E;G0M5'EP93H@=&5X="]P
++M;&%I;@T*0V]N=&5N="U,96YG=&@Z(#,X#0H-"E1H92!R96%D;64N='AT('-H
++4;W5L9"!N;W0@8F4@=FES:6)L90H`
++`
++end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_zip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_format_zip.c
+@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
+ #include "test.h"
+ 
+ #define __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD
+-#include <archive_crc32.h>
+ 
+ static
+ int extract_one(struct archive* a, struct archive_entry* ae, uint32_t crc)
+@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@
+ 		goto fn_exit;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	computed_crc = crc32(0, buf, fsize);
++	computed_crc = bitcrc32(0, buf, fsize);
+ 	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, crc);
+ 	ret = 0;
+ 
+@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@
+ 			/* ok */
+ 		}
+ 
+-		computed_crc = crc32(computed_crc, buf, bytes_read);
++		computed_crc = bitcrc32(computed_crc, buf, bytes_read);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(computed_crc, crc);
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_pax_empty_val_no_nl.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright (c) 2025 Tobias Stoeckmann
++ * All rights reserved.
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++/*
++ * Read a pax formatted tar archive that contains an invalid attribute,
++ * because it does not end in a newline. Additionally, value is empty.
++ * The pax reader should stop and tar reader should continue with warning.
++ */
++DEFINE_TEST(test_read_pax_empty_val_no_nl)
++{
++	char name[] = "test_read_pax_empty_val_no_nl.tar";
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	struct archive *a;
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	extract_reference_file(name);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_filename(a, name, 10240));
++
++	/* Read first entry. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_WARN, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualString("empty", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(1748163748, archive_entry_mtime(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_uid(ae));
++	assertEqualString("root", archive_entry_uname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_gid(ae));
++	assertEqualString("root", archive_entry_gname(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0100600, archive_entry_mode(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(archive_entry_is_encrypted(ae), 0);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, archive_read_has_encrypted_entries(a), ARCHIVE_READ_FORMAT_ENCRYPTION_UNSUPPORTED);
++
++	/* Verify the end-of-archive. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_EOF, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++
++	/* Verify that the format detection worked. */
++	assertEqualInt(archive_filter_code(a, 0), ARCHIVE_FILTER_NONE);
++	assertEqualInt(archive_format(a), ARCHIVE_FORMAT_TAR_PAX_INTERCHANGE);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_pax_empty_val_no_nl.tar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
++begin 600 test_read_pax_empty_val_no_nl.tar
++M4&%X2&5A9&5R+V5M<'1Y````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M`````````````#`P,#8P,"``,#`P,#`P(``P,#`P,#`@`#`P,#`P,#`P,#`T
++M(#$U,#$T-34V,C0T(#`Q-#`U-@`@>```````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M``````````````````````````````````````````!U<W1A<@`P,')O;W0`
++M````````````````````````````````````<F]O=```````````````````
++M```````````````````P,#`P,#`@`#`P,#`P,"``````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M```````````````````````T('@]````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M``````````````````````H`````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M`````````````````````````````````````````````&5M<'1Y````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````P
++M,#`V,#`@`#`P,#`P,"``,#`P,#`P(``P,#`P,#`P,#`P,"`Q-3`Q-#4U-C(T
++M-"`P,3(Q,#$`(#``````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````=7-T87(`,#!R;V]T````````````````
++M`````````````````````')O;W0`````````````````````````````````
++M````,#`P,#`P(``P,#`P,#`@````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++H````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
++`
++end
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_position.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_read_position.c
+@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
+ static unsigned char nulls[1000];
+ static unsigned char tmp[1000];
+ static unsigned char  buff[10000];
+-size_t data_sizes[] = {0, 5, 511, 512, 513};
++static size_t data_sizes[] = {0, 5, 511, 512, 513};
+ 
+ static void verify_read_positions(struct archive *a);
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_sparse_basic.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_sparse_basic.c
+@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
+ 		return (0);
+ 	fm = (struct fiemap *)buff;
+ 	fm->fm_start = 0;
+-	fm->fm_length = ~0ULL;;
++	fm->fm_length = ~0ULL;
+ 	fm->fm_flags = FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC;
+ 	fm->fm_extent_count = (sizeof(buff) - sizeof(*fm))/
+ 		sizeof(struct fiemap_extent);
+@@ -608,7 +608,8 @@
+ 	verify_sparse_file(a, "file2", sparse_file2, 20);
+ 	/* Encoded non sparse; expect a data block but no sparse entries. */
+ 	verify_sparse_file(a, "file3", sparse_file3, 0);
+-	verify_sparse_file(a, "file4", sparse_file4, 2);
++	if (sizeof(off_t) > 4)
++		verify_sparse_file(a, "file4", sparse_file4, 2);
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+ 
+@@ -635,7 +636,8 @@
+ 	verify_sparse_file(a, "file1", sparse_file1, 0);
+ 	verify_sparse_file(a, "file2", sparse_file2, 0);
+ 	verify_sparse_file(a, "file3", sparse_file3, 0);
+-	verify_sparse_file(a, "file4", sparse_file4, 0);
++	if (sizeof(off_t) > 4)
++		verify_sparse_file(a, "file4", sparse_file4, 0);
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_free(a));
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_tar_large.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_tar_large.c
+@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
+ 	}
+ 	if (private->filebytes > 0) {
+ 		if (private->filebytes < skip)
+-			skip = (off_t)private->filebytes;
++			skip = private->filebytes;
+ 		private->filebytes -= skip;
+ 	} else {
+ 		skip = 0;
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_disk_perms.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_disk_perms.c
+@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Check original owner. */
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, stat("dir_owner", &st));
+-	failure("dir_owner: st.st_uid=%d", st.st_uid);
++	failure("dir_owner: st.st_uid=%jd", (intmax_t)st.st_uid);
+ 	assertEqualInt(st.st_uid, original_uid);
+ 	/* Shouldn't try to edit the owner when no overwrite option is set. */
+ 	assert((ae = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
+@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
+ 	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_finish_entry(a));
+ 	/* Make sure they're unchanged. */
+ 	assertEqualInt(0, stat("dir_owner", &st));
+-	failure("dir_owner: st.st_uid=%d", st.st_uid);
++	failure("dir_owner: st.st_uid=%jd", (intmax_t)st.st_uid);
+ 	assertEqualInt(st.st_uid, original_uid);
+ 
+ 	/* Write a regular file with SUID bit, but don't use _EXTRACT_PERM. */
+@@ -475,8 +475,8 @@
+ 		assertEqualInt(0, stat("file_bad_owner", &st));
+ 		failure("file_bad_owner: st.st_mode=%o", st.st_mode);
+ 		assertEqualInt(st.st_mode & 07777, 0744);
+-		failure("file_bad_owner: st.st_uid=%d getuid()=%d",
+-		    st.st_uid, getuid());
++		failure("file_bad_owner: st.st_uid=%jd getuid()=%jd",
++		    (intmax_t)st.st_uid, (intmax_t)getuid());
+ 		/* The entry had getuid()+1, but because we're
+ 		 * not root, we should not have been able to set that. */
+ 		assertEqualInt(st.st_uid, getuid());
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_disk_secure_noabsolutepaths.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_disk_secure_noabsolutepaths.c
+@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@
+ 	assert(ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_extract(a, ae, ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS));
+ 
+ 	// This should also fail.
+-	assert((ad = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
+-	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_disk_set_options(a, ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS));
++	assert((ad = archive_write_disk_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_disk_set_options(ad, ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS));
+ 	assert(ARCHIVE_OK != archive_read_extract2(a, ae, ad));
+ 
+ 	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(ad));
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_filter_gzip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_filter_gzip.c
+@@ -145,6 +145,8 @@
+ 	    archive_write_set_filter_option(a, NULL, "compression-level", "99"));
+ 	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
+ 	    archive_write_set_options(a, "gzip:compression-level=9"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++		archive_write_set_options(a, "gzip:original-filename=testorgfilename"));
+ 	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, buffsize, &used2));
+ 	for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+ 		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "file%03d", i);
+@@ -164,8 +166,9 @@
+ 	assertEqualInt(rbuff[0], 0x1f);
+ 	assertEqualInt(rbuff[1], 0x8b);
+ 	assertEqualInt(rbuff[2], 0x08);
+-	assertEqualInt(rbuff[3], 0x00);
++	assertEqualInt(rbuff[3], 0x08);
+ 	assertEqualInt(rbuff[8], 2); /* RFC 1952 flag for compression level 9 */
++	assertEqualString((const char*)rbuff+10, "testorgfilename");
+ 
+ 	/* Curiously, this test fails; the test data above compresses
+ 	 * better at default compression than at level 9. */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_7zip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_7zip.c
+@@ -567,3 +567,9 @@
+ 	/* Test that making a 7-Zip archive file with PPMd compression. */
+ 	test_basic("ppmd");
+ }
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_7zip_basic_zstd)
++{
++	/* Test that making a 7-Zip archive file with zstandard compression. */
++	test_basic("zstd");
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_7zip_large.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_7zip_large.c
+@@ -169,3 +169,9 @@
+ 	/* Test that making a 7-Zip archive file with PPMd compression. */
+ 	test_large("ppmd");
+ }
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_7zip_large_zstd)
++{
++	/* Test that making a 7-Zip archive file with zstd compression. */
++	test_large("zstd");
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_gnutar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_gnutar.c
+@@ -93,6 +93,29 @@
+     "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+     "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890";
+ 
++static const char *longfilename_largeuid = "large_uid_gid---"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
++    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890";
++
++
+ 
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_gnutar)
+ {
+@@ -162,7 +185,7 @@
+ 	 * A file with large UID/GID that overflow octal encoding.
+ 	 */
+ 	assert((ae = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
+-	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, "large_uid_gid");
++	archive_entry_copy_pathname(ae, longfilename_largeuid);
+ 	archive_entry_set_mode(ae, S_IFREG | 0755);
+ 	archive_entry_set_size(ae, 8);
+ 	archive_entry_set_uid(ae, 123456789);
+@@ -185,7 +208,7 @@
+ 	/* Verify GNU tar magic/version fields */
+ 	assertEqualMem(buff + 257, "ustar  \0", 8);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(15360, used);
++	assertEqualInt(16896, used);
+ 
+ 	/*
+ 	 *
+@@ -243,7 +266,7 @@
+ 	assertEqualIntA(a, 0, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(123456789, archive_entry_uid(ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(987654321, archive_entry_gid(ae));
+-	assertEqualString("large_uid_gid", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualString(longfilename_largeuid, archive_entry_pathname(ae));
+ 	assertEqualInt(S_IFREG | 0755, archive_entry_mode(ae));
+ 
+ 	/*
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_mtree_preset_digests.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,2107 @@
++/*-
++ * Copyright (c) 2025 Nicholas Vinson
++ *
++ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
++ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
++ * are met:
++ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
++ *    in this position and unchanged.
++ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
++ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
++ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
++ *
++ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
++ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
++ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
++ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
++ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
++ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
++ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
++ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
++ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
++ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
++ */
++
++#include "test.h"
++
++#define __LIBARCHIVE_BUILD 1
++#include "archive_digest_private.h"
++
++struct expected_digests {
++	unsigned char md5[16];
++	unsigned char rmd160[20];
++	unsigned char sha1[20];
++	unsigned char sha256[32];
++	unsigned char sha384[48];
++	unsigned char sha512[64];
++};
++
++archive_md5_ctx expectedMd5Ctx;
++archive_rmd160_ctx expectedRmd160Ctx;
++archive_sha1_ctx expectedSha1Ctx;
++archive_sha256_ctx expectedSha256Ctx;
++archive_sha384_ctx expectedSha384Ctx;
++archive_sha512_ctx expectedSha512Ctx;
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_no_digests_set_no_data)
++{
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_no_digests_set_empty_data)
++{
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "", 0);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_no_digests_set_non_empty_data)
++{
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++	char *data = "abcd";
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, data, 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, data, 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, data, 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, data, 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, data, 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, data, 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, data, 4);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_md5_digest_set_no_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.md5, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++	}, sizeof(ed.md5));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5, ed.md5);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support MD5");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_md5_digest_set_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.md5, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++	}, sizeof(ed.md5));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5, ed.md5);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "", 0);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support MD5");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_md5_digest_set_non_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.md5, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++	}, sizeof(ed.md5));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5, ed.md5);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "abcd", 4);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support MD5");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_rmd160_digest_set_no_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support RMD160");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_rmd160_digest_set_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.rmd160, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.rmd160));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160, ed.rmd160);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "", 0);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support RMD160");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_rmd160_digest_set_non_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.rmd160, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.rmd160));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160, ed.rmd160);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "abcd", 4);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support RMD160");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha1_digest_set_no_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha1, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha1));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1, ed.sha1);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA1");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha1_digest_set_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha1, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha1));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1, ed.sha1);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "", 0);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA1");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha1_digest_set_non_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha1, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha1));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1, ed.sha1);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "abcd", 4);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA1");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha256_digest_set_no_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha256, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha256));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256, ed.sha256);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA256");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha256_digest_set_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha256, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha256));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256, ed.sha256);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "", 0);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA256");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha256_digest_set_non_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha256, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha256));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256, ed.sha256);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "abcd", 4);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA256");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha384_digest_set_no_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha384, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha384));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384, ed.sha384);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA384");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha384_digest_set_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha384, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha384));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384, ed.sha384);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "", 0);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA384");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha384_digest_set_non_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha384, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha384));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384, ed.sha384);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "abcd", 4);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++#endif
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA384");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha512_digest_set_no_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha512, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha512));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512, ed.sha512);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA512");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha512_digest_set_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha512, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha512));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512, ed.sha512);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "", 0);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "", 0));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA512");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_mtree_digests_sha512_digest_set_non_empty_data)
++{
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA512
++	char buff[4096] = {0};
++	size_t used = 0;
++	struct archive *a;
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++	struct expected_digests ed;
++
++	memcpy(ed.sha512, (unsigned char[]) {
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed,
++		0xfe, 0xed, 0xfe, 0xed
++	}, sizeof(ed.sha512));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_init(&expectedMd5Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_update(&expectedMd5Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_md5_final(&expectedMd5Ctx, ed.md5));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_init(&expectedRmd160Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_update(&expectedRmd160Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_rmd160_final(&expectedRmd160Ctx, ed.rmd160));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_init(&expectedSha1Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_update(&expectedSha1Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha1_final(&expectedSha1Ctx, ed.sha1));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_init(&expectedSha256Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_update(&expectedSha256Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha256_final(&expectedSha256Ctx, ed.sha256));
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_init(&expectedSha384Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_update(&expectedSha384Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha384_final(&expectedSha384Ctx, ed.sha384));
++#endif
++
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_mtree(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_options(a, "all"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, &used));
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, "test.data");
++	archive_entry_set_filetype(entry, AE_IFREG);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 4);
++	archive_entry_set_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512, ed.sha512);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_write_data(a, "abcd", 4);
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++
++	assert((a = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(a, buff, used));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(a, &entry));
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_MD5
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_MD5), ed.md5, sizeof(ed.md5)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_RMD160
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_RMD160), ed.rmd160, sizeof(ed.rmd160)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA1
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA1), ed.sha1, sizeof(ed.sha1)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA256
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA256), ed.sha256, sizeof(ed.sha256)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++#ifdef ARCHIVE_HAS_SHA384
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA384), ed.sha384, sizeof(ed.sha384)) == 0);
++#endif
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) != 0);
++
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_init(&expectedSha512Ctx));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_update(&expectedSha512Ctx, "abcd", 4));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_sha512_final(&expectedSha512Ctx, ed.sha512));
++
++	assert(memcmp(archive_entry_digest(entry, ARCHIVE_ENTRY_DIGEST_SHA512), ed.sha512, sizeof(ed.sha512)) == 0);
++
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++#else
++	skipping("This platform does not support SHA512");
++	return;
++#endif
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_tar_sparse.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_tar_sparse.c
+@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
+ 	char *buff2;
+ 	size_t buff2_size = 0x13000;
+ 	char buff3[1024];
+-	long i;
++	unsigned long i;
+ 
+ 	assert((buff2 = malloc(buff2_size)) != NULL);
+ 	/* Repeat the following for a variety of odd blocksizes. */
+@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
+ 	char *buff2;
+ 	size_t buff2_size = 0x11000;
+ 	char buff3[1024];
+-	long i;
++	unsigned long i;
+ 
+ 	assert((buff2 = malloc(buff2_size)) != NULL);
+ 	/* Create a new archive in memory. */
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_xar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_xar.c
+@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
+  */
+ #include "test.h"
+ 
++#include <locale.h>
++
+ static void
+ test_xar(const char *option)
+ {
+@@ -146,6 +148,20 @@
+ 	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_FAILED, archive_write_header(a, ae));
+ 	archive_entry_free(ae);
+ 
++	/*
++	 * "dir/file{UNICODE}" has a name that requires base64 encoding
++	 */
++	assert((ae = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_atime(ae, 2, 20);
++	archive_entry_set_ctime(ae, 4, 40);
++	archive_entry_set_mtime(ae, 5, 50);
++	archive_entry_copy_pathname_w(ae, L"dir/file\U0001F574");
++	archive_entry_set_mode(ae, AE_IFREG | 0755);
++	archive_entry_set_size(ae, 8);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_header(a, ae));
++	archive_entry_free(ae);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 8, archive_write_data(a, "ghijklmn", 9));
++
+ 	/*
+ 	 * XXX TODO XXX Archive directory, other file types.
+ 	 * Archive extended attributes, ACLs, other metadata.
+@@ -261,6 +277,22 @@
+ 	assertEqualString("dir/dir3", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
+ 	assert((AE_IFDIR | 0755) == archive_entry_mode(ae));
+ 
++	/*
++	 * Read "dir/file{UNICODE}"
++	 */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 0, archive_read_next_header(a, &ae));
++	assertEqualInt(2, archive_entry_atime(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_atime_nsec(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(4, archive_entry_ctime(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_ctime_nsec(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(5, archive_entry_mtime(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(0, archive_entry_mtime_nsec(ae));
++	assertEqualWString(L"dir/file\U0001F574", archive_entry_pathname_w(ae));
++	assert((AE_IFREG | 0755) == archive_entry_mode(ae));
++	assertEqualInt(8, archive_entry_size(ae));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 8, archive_read_data(a, buff2, 10));
++	assertEqualMem(buff2, "ghijklmn", 8);
++
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Verify the end of the archive.
+ 	 */
+@@ -273,6 +305,13 @@
+ 
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_xar)
+ {
++	/* xar mandates the use of UTF-8 XML; if we cannot
++	 * use UTF-8, perhaps we should not write xar. */
++	if (NULL == setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8")) {
++		skipping("en_US.UTF-8 locale not available on this system.");
++		return;
++	}
++
+ 	/* Default mode. */
+ 	test_xar(NULL);
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip64_stream.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip64_stream.c
+@@ -31,40 +31,6 @@
+  * written in streaming mode with Zip64 extensions enabled.
+  */
+ 
+-static unsigned long
+-bitcrc32(unsigned long c, void *_p, size_t s)
+-{
+-	/* This is a drop-in replacement for crc32() from zlib.
+-	 * Libarchive should be able to correctly generate
+-	 * uncompressed zip archives (including correct CRCs) even
+-	 * when zlib is unavailable, and this function helps us verify
+-	 * that.  Yes, this is very, very slow and unsuitable for
+-	 * production use, but it's correct, compact, and works well
+-	 * enough for this particular usage.  Libarchive internally
+-	 * uses a much more efficient implementation.  */
+-	const unsigned char *p = _p;
+-	int bitctr;
+-
+-	if (p == NULL)
+-		return (0);
+-
+-	for (; s > 0; --s) {
+-		c ^= *p++;
+-		for (bitctr = 8; bitctr > 0; --bitctr) {
+-			if (c & 1) c = (c >> 1);
+-			else	   c = (c >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320;
+-			c ^= 0x80000000;
+-		}
+-	}
+-	return (c);
+-}
+-
+-/* Quick and dirty: Read 2-byte and 4-byte integers from Zip file. */
+-static unsigned i2(const unsigned char *p) { return ((p[0] & 0xff) | ((p[1] & 0xff) << 8)); }
+-static unsigned i4(const unsigned char *p) { return (i2(p) | (i2(p + 2) << 16)); }
+-/* We're only working with small values here; ignore the 4 high bytes. */
+-static unsigned i8(const unsigned char *p) { return (i4(p)); }
+-
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_zip64_stream)
+ {
+ 	struct archive *a;
+@@ -72,7 +38,7 @@
+ 	size_t used, buffsize = 1000000;
+ 	unsigned long crc;
+ 	unsigned long compressed_size = 0;
+-	int file_perm = 00644;
++	__LA_MODE_T file_perm = 00644;
+ 	int zip_version = 45;
+ 	int zip_compression = 8;
+ 	short file_uid = 10, file_gid = 20;
+@@ -119,54 +85,54 @@
+ 	failure("End-of-central-directory begins with PK\\005\\006 signature");
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\005\006", 4);
+ 	failure("This must be disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 0);
+ 	failure("Central dir must start on disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 0);
+ 	failure("All central dir entries are on this disk");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), i2(p + 10));
+-	eocd = buff + i4(p + 12) + i4(p + 16);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), i2le(p + 10));
++	eocd = buff + i4le(p + 12) + i4le(p + 16);
+ 	failure("no zip comment");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 20), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 20), 0);
+ 
+ 	/* Get address of first entry in central directory. */
+-	central_header = p = buff + i4(buffend - 6);
+-	failure("Central file record at offset %d should begin with"
++	central_header = p = buff + i4le(buffend - 6);
++	failure("Central file record at offset %u should begin with"
+ 	    " PK\\001\\002 signature",
+-	    i4(buffend - 10));
++	    i4le(buffend - 10));
+ 
+ 	/* Verify file entry in central directory. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 3 * 256 + zip_version); /* Version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), 0); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 14), 33); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + zip_version); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), 0); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), 33); /* File date */
+ 	crc = bitcrc32(0, file_data, sizeof(file_data));
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	compressed_size = i4(p + 20);  /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 24), sizeof(file_data)); /* Uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	/* assertEqualInt(i2(p + 30), 28); */ /* Extra field length: See below */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	compressed_size = i4le(p + 20);  /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), sizeof(file_data)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	/* assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 28); */ /* Extra field length: See below */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = extension_start = central_header + 46 + strlen(file_name);
+-	extension_end = extension_start + i2(central_header + 30);
++	extension_end = extension_start + i2le(central_header + 30);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	/* TODO: verify 'ux' contents */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), 0); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), 0); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Note: We don't expect to see zip64 extension in the central
+ 	 * directory, since the writer knows the actual full size by
+@@ -176,9 +142,9 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Just in case: Report any extra extensions. */
+ 	while (p < extension_end) {
+-		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2(p));
++		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2le(p));
+ 		assert(0);
+-		p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++		p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Should have run exactly to end of extra data. */
+@@ -188,21 +154,21 @@
+ 
+ 	/* After Central dir, we find Zip64 eocd and Zip64 eocd locator. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\006\006", 4); /* Zip64 eocd */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 4), 44); /* We're using v1 Zip64 eocd */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), 45); /* Written by Version 4.5 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 14), 45); /* Needs version 4.5 to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), 0); /* This is disk #0 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 20), 0); /* Dir starts on disk #0 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 24), 1); /* 1 entry on this disk */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 32), 1); /* 1 entry total */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 40), eocd - central_header); /* size of cd */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 48), central_header - buff); /* start of cd */
+-	p += 12 + i8(p + 4);
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 4), 44); /* We're using v1 Zip64 eocd */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), 45); /* Written by Version 4.5 */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), 45); /* Needs version 4.5 to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), 0); /* This is disk #0 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), 0); /* Dir starts on disk #0 */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 24), 1); /* 1 entry on this disk */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 32), 1); /* 1 entry total */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 40), eocd - central_header); /* size of cd */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 48), central_header - buff); /* start of cd */
++	p += 12 + i8le(p + 4);
+ 
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\006\007", 4); /* Zip64 eocd locator */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 4), 0); /* Zip64 eocd is on disk #0 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 8), eocd - buff); /* Offset of Zip64 eocd */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), 1); /* 1 disk */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 4), 0); /* Zip64 eocd is on disk #0 */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 8), eocd - buff); /* Offset of Zip64 eocd */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), 1); /* 1 disk */
+ 	p += 20;
+ 
+ 	/* Regular EOCD immediately follows Zip64 records. */
+@@ -211,48 +177,48 @@
+ 	/* Verify local header of file entry. */
+ 	p = local_header = buff;
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), 0); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), 33); /* File date */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 18), 0); /* Compressed size must be zero for length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size must be zero for length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), 37); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 0); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), 33); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 18), 0); /* Compressed size must be zero for length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size must be zero for length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), 37); /* Extra field length */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = extension_start = local_header + 30 + strlen(file_name);
+-	extension_end = extension_start + i2(local_header + 28);
++	extension_end = extension_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), 0); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), 0); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 9); /* size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 7); /* bitmap of included fields */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Just in case: Report any extra extensions. */
+ 	while (p < extension_end) {
+-		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2(p));
++		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2le(p));
+ 		assert(0);
+-		p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++		p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Should have run exactly to end of extra data. */
+@@ -265,9 +231,9 @@
+ 	data_end = p;
+ 	assertEqualInt(data_end - data_start, compressed_size);
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\007\010", 4);
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 8), compressed_size); /* compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 16), sizeof(file_data)); /* uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 8), compressed_size); /* compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 16), sizeof(file_data)); /* uncompressed size */
+ 
+ 	/* Central directory should immediately follow the only entry. */
+ 	assertEqualAddress(p + 24, central_header);
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_compression_bzip2.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
++/*-SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ * Copyright (c) 2024 ARJANEN LoĂ¯c Jean David
++ * All rights reserved.
++ */
++
++#include "test.h"
++#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++#include <bzlib.h>
++
++/* File data */
++static const char file_name[] = "file";
++static const char file_data1[] = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8'};
++static const char file_data2[] = {'9', '0', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
++static const int file_perm = 00644;
++static const short file_uid = 10;
++static const short file_gid = 20;
++
++/* Folder data */
++static const char folder_name[] = "folder/";
++static const int folder_perm = 00755;
++static const short folder_uid = 30;
++static const short folder_gid = 40;
++
++static time_t now;
++
++static void verify_write_bzip2(struct archive *a)
++{
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++
++	/* Write entries. */
++
++	/* Regular file */
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, file_name);
++	archive_entry_set_mode(entry, S_IFREG | 0644);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
++	archive_entry_set_uid(entry, file_uid);
++	archive_entry_set_gid(entry, file_gid);
++	archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, now, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_atime(entry, now + 3, 0);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 0, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, sizeof(file_data1), archive_write_data(a, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1)));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, sizeof(file_data2), archive_write_data(a, file_data2, sizeof(file_data2)));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++
++	/* Folder */
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, folder_name);
++	archive_entry_set_mode(entry, S_IFDIR | folder_perm);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_uid(entry, folder_uid);
++	archive_entry_set_gid(entry, folder_gid);
++	archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, now, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_ctime(entry, now + 5, 0);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 0, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++}
++
++static void verify_bzip2_contents(const char *buff, size_t used)
++{
++	const char *buffend;
++	struct archive* zip_archive;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	char filedata[sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)];
++	/* Misc variables */
++	unsigned long crc;
++	struct tm *tm;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	struct tm tmbuf;
++#endif
++	/* p is the pointer to walk over the central directory,
++	 * q walks over the local headers, the data and the data descriptors. */
++	const char *p, *q, *local_header, *extra_start;
++
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	tm = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &now) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	tm = localtime_r(&now, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	tm = localtime(&now);
++#endif
++
++	/* Open archive from memory, we'll need it for checking the file
++	 * value */
++	assert((zip_archive = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_zip(zip_archive));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(zip_archive));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(zip_archive, buff, used));
++
++	/* Remember the end of the archive in memory. */
++	buffend = buff + used;
++
++	/* Verify "End of Central Directory" record. */
++	/* Get address of end-of-central-directory record. */
++	p = buffend - 22; /* Assumes there is no zip comment field. */
++	failure("End-of-central-directory begins with PK\\005\\006 signature");
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\005\006", 4);
++	failure("This must be disk 0");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 0);
++	failure("Central dir must start on disk 0");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 0);
++	failure("All central dir entries are on this disk");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), i2le(p + 10));
++	failure("CD start (%u) + CD length (%u) should == archive size - 22",
++	    i4le(p + 12), i4le(p + 16));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 12) + i4le(p + 16), used - 22);
++	failure("no zip comment");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 20), 0);
++
++	/* Get address of first entry in central directory. */
++	p = buff + i4le(buffend - 6);
++	failure("Central file record at offset %u should begin with"
++	    " PK\\001\\002 signature",
++	    i4le(buffend - 10));
++
++	/* Verify file entry in central directory, except compressed size (offset 20). */
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 46); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 46); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 12); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	crc = bitcrc32(0, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
++	crc = bitcrc32(crc, file_data2, sizeof(file_data2));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualMem(p + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
++	p = p + 46 + strlen(file_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++/* TODO */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	/* Verify local header of file entry. */
++	local_header = q = buff;
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 4), 46); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end (required because CRC32 is unknown) */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 8), 12); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualMem(q + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
++	extra_start = q = q + 30 + strlen(file_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(q[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(q[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 3); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9), now + 3); /* 'UT' atime */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 7); /* Bitmap of fields included. */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assert(q == extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28));
++	q = extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
++
++	/* Verify data of file entry, using our own zip reader to test. */
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(zip_archive, &ae));
++	assertEqualString("file", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, sizeof(filedata), archive_read_data(zip_archive, filedata, sizeof(filedata)));
++	assertEqualMem(filedata, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
++	assertEqualMem(filedata + sizeof(file_data1), file_data2,
++		sizeof(file_data2));
++
++	/* Skip data of file entry in q */
++	while (q < buffend - 3) {
++		if (memcmp(q, "PK\007\010", 4) == 0) {
++			break;
++		}
++		q++;
++	}
++
++	/* Verify data descriptor of file entry, except compressed size (offset 8). */
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\007\010", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 12), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	q = q + 16;
++
++	/* Verify folder entry in central directory. */
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 20); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 0); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	crc = 0;
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), q - buff); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualMem(p + 46, folder_name, strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname */
++	p = p + 46 + strlen(folder_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	/* Verify local header of folder entry. */
++	local_header = q;
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 4), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 6), 0); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 8), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 26), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualMem(q + 30, folder_name, strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname */
++	extra_start = q = q + 30 + strlen(folder_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(q[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(q[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 5); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9), now + 5); /* 'UT' atime */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 7); /* bitmap of fields */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assert(q == extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28));
++	q = extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
++
++	/* There should not be any data in the folder entry,
++	 * so the first central directory entry should be next: */
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++
++	/* Close archive, in case. */
++	archive_read_free(zip_archive);
++}
++
++#endif /* HAVE_BZLIB_H */
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_zip_compression_bzip2)
++{
++#ifndef HAVE_BZLIB_H
++	skipping("bzip2 is not fully supported on this platform");
++#else /* HAVE_BZLIB_H */
++	/* Buffer data */
++	struct archive *a;
++	char buff[100000];
++	size_t used;
++
++	/* Time data */
++	now = time(NULL);
++
++	/* Create new ZIP archive in memory without padding. */
++	/* Use the setter function to use BZIP2 compression. */
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_zip(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_zip_set_compression_bzip2(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:experimental"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_in_last_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	verify_write_bzip2(a);
++
++	/* Close the archive . */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++	dumpfile("constructed.zip", buff, used);
++
++	verify_bzip2_contents(buff, used);
++
++	/* Create new ZIP archive in memory without padding. */
++	/* Use compression-level=3 to check that compression
++	 * levels are somewhat supported. */
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_zip(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:compression=bzip2"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:compression-level=3"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:experimental"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_in_last_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	verify_write_bzip2(a);
++
++	/* Close the archive. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++	dumpfile("constructed.zip", buff, used);
++
++	verify_bzip2_contents(buff, used);
++#endif /* HAVE_BZLIB_H */
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_compression_lzmaxz.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
++/*-SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ * Copyright (c) 2024 ARJANEN LoĂ¯c Jean David
++ * All rights reserved.
++ */
++
++#include "test.h"
++#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_H
++#include <lzma.h>
++
++/* File data */
++static const char file_name[] = "file";
++static const char file_data1[] = {'.', ';', ':', '!', '?', ',', '"', '\'', ')', '(', '*'};
++static const char file_data2[] = {'-', '/', '>', '$', '\\', '#', '@', '+', '=', '{', ']', '[', '}', '&', '<', '%'};
++static const int file_perm = 00644;
++static const short file_uid = 10;
++static const short file_gid = 20;
++
++/* Folder data */
++static const char folder_name[] = "folder/";
++static const int folder_perm = 00755;
++static const short folder_uid = 30;
++static const short folder_gid = 40;
++
++static time_t now;
++
++static void verify_write_lzma(struct archive *a)
++{
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++
++	/* Write entries. */
++
++	/* Regular file */
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, file_name);
++	archive_entry_set_mode(entry, S_IFREG | 0644);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
++	archive_entry_set_uid(entry, file_uid);
++	archive_entry_set_gid(entry, file_gid);
++	archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, now, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_atime(entry, now + 3, 0);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 0, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, sizeof(file_data1), archive_write_data(a, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1)));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, sizeof(file_data2), archive_write_data(a, file_data2, sizeof(file_data2)));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++
++	/* Folder */
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, folder_name);
++	archive_entry_set_mode(entry, S_IFDIR | folder_perm);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_uid(entry, folder_uid);
++	archive_entry_set_gid(entry, folder_gid);
++	archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, now, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_ctime(entry, now + 5, 0);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 0, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++}
++
++static void verify_xz_lzma(const char *buff, size_t used, uint16_t id,
++	uint16_t flags)
++{
++	const char *buffend;
++	struct archive* zip_archive;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	char filedata[sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)];
++	/* Misc variables */
++	unsigned long crc;
++	struct tm *tm;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	struct tm tmbuf;
++#endif
++	/* p is the pointer to walk over the central directory,
++	 * q walks over the local headers, the data and the data descriptors. */
++	const char *p, *q, *local_header, *extra_start;
++
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	tm = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &now) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	tm = localtime_r(&now, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	tm = localtime(&now);
++#endif
++
++	/* Open archive from memory, we'll need it for checking the file
++	 * value */
++	assert((zip_archive = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_all(zip_archive));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(zip_archive));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(zip_archive, buff, used));
++
++	/* Remember the end of the archive in memory. */
++	buffend = buff + used;
++
++	/* Verify "End of Central Directory" record. */
++	/* Get address of end-of-central-directory record. */
++	p = buffend - 22; /* Assumes there is no zip comment field. */
++	failure("End-of-central-directory begins with PK\\005\\006 signature");
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\005\006", 4);
++	failure("This must be disk 0");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 0);
++	failure("Central dir must start on disk 0");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 0);
++	failure("All central dir entries are on this disk");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), i2le(p + 10));
++	failure("CD start (%u) + CD length (%u) should == archive size - 22",
++	    i4le(p + 12), i4le(p + 16));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 12) + i4le(p + 16), used - 22);
++	failure("no zip comment");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 20), 0);
++
++	/* Get address of first entry in central directory. */
++	p = buff + i4le(buffend - 6);
++	failure("Central file record at offset %u should begin with"
++	    " PK\\001\\002 signature",
++	    i4le(buffend - 10));
++
++	/* Verify file entry in central directory, except compressed size (offset 20). */
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 63); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 63); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), flags); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), id); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	crc = bitcrc32(0, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
++	crc = bitcrc32(crc, file_data2, sizeof(file_data2));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualMem(p + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
++	p = p + 46 + strlen(file_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++/* TODO */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	/* Verify local header of file entry. */
++	local_header = q = buff;
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 4), 63); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 6), flags); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end (required because CRC32 is unknown) and bit 1 = EOPM (because we always write it) */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 8), id); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualMem(q + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
++	extra_start = q = q + 30 + strlen(file_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(q[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(q[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 3); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9), now + 3); /* 'UT' atime */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 7); /* Bitmap of fields included. */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assert(q == extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28));
++	q = extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
++
++	/* Verify data of file entry, using our own zip reader to test. */
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(zip_archive, &ae));
++	assertEqualString("file", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, sizeof(filedata), archive_read_data(zip_archive, filedata, sizeof(filedata)));
++	assertEqualMem(filedata, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
++	assertEqualMem(filedata + sizeof(file_data1), file_data2,
++		sizeof(file_data2));
++
++	/* Skip data of file entry in q */
++	while (q < buffend - 3) {
++		if (memcmp(q, "PK\007\010", 4) == 0) {
++			break;
++		}
++		q++;
++	}
++
++	/* Verify data descriptor of file entry, except compressed size (offset 8). */
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\007\010", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 12), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	q = q + 16;
++
++	/* Verify folder entry in central directory. */
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 20); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 0); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	crc = 0;
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), q - buff); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualMem(p + 46, folder_name, strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname */
++	p = p + 46 + strlen(folder_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	/* Verify local header of folder entry. */
++	local_header = q;
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 4), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 6), 0); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 8), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 26), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualMem(q + 30, folder_name, strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname */
++	extra_start = q = q + 30 + strlen(folder_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(q[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(q[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 5); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9), now + 5); /* 'UT' atime */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 7); /* bitmap of fields */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assert(q == extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28));
++	q = extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
++
++	/* There should not be any data in the folder entry,
++	 * so the first central directory entry should be next: */
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++
++	/* Close archive, in case. */
++	archive_read_free(zip_archive);
++}
++
++static void verify_xz_contents(const char *buff, size_t used)
++{
++	verify_xz_lzma(buff, used, 95, 0x8);
++}
++
++static void verify_lzma_contents(const char *buff, size_t used)
++{
++	verify_xz_lzma(buff, used, 14, 0xA);
++}
++
++#endif /* HAVE_LZMA_H */
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_zip_compression_lzmaxz)
++{
++#ifndef HAVE_LZMA_H
++	skipping("lzma is not fully supported on this platform");
++#else /* HAVE_LZMA_H */
++	/* Buffer data */
++	struct archive *a;
++	char buff[100000];
++	size_t used;
++
++	/* Time data */
++	now = time(NULL);
++
++	/* Create new ZIP archive in memory without padding. */
++	/* Use the setter function to use LZMA Alone compression. */
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_zip(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_zip_set_compression_lzma(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:experimental"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_in_last_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	verify_write_lzma(a);
++
++	/* Close the archive . */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++	dumpfile("constructed.zip", buff, used);
++
++	verify_lzma_contents(buff, used);
++
++	/* Create new ZIP archive in memory without padding. */
++	/* Use compression-level=9 to check that compression
++	 * levels are somewhat supported. */
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_zip(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:compression=lzma"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:compression-level=9"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:experimental"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_in_last_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	verify_write_lzma(a);
++
++	/* Close the archive. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++	dumpfile("constructed.zip", buff, used);
++
++	verify_lzma_contents(buff, used);
++
++	/* Same song and dance, but for XZ */
++
++	/* Create new ZIP archive in memory without padding. */
++	/* Use the setter function to use XZ compression. */
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_zip(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_zip_set_compression_xz(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:experimental"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_in_last_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	verify_write_lzma(a);
++
++	/* Close the archive . */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++	dumpfile("constructed.zip", buff, used);
++
++	verify_xz_contents(buff, used);
++
++	/* Create new ZIP archive in memory without padding. */
++	/* Use compression-level=9 to check that compression levels are
++	 * somewhat supported as well as threads=2 to check the multi-threaded
++	 * encoder, if available. */
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_zip(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:compression=xz"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:compression-level=9"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:threads=2"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:experimental"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_in_last_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	verify_write_lzma(a);
++
++	/* Close the archive. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++	dumpfile("constructed.zip", buff, used);
++
++	verify_xz_contents(buff, used);
++#endif /* HAVE_LZMA_H */
++}
++
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_compression_store.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_compression_store.c
+@@ -45,34 +45,6 @@
+ 
+ static time_t now;
+ 
+-static unsigned long
+-bitcrc32(unsigned long c, const void *_p, size_t s)
+-{
+-	/* This is a drop-in replacement for crc32() from zlib.
+-	 * Libarchive should be able to correctly generate
+-	 * uncompressed zip archives (including correct CRCs) even
+-	 * when zlib is unavailable, and this function helps us verify
+-	 * that.  Yes, this is very, very slow and unsuitable for
+-	 * production use, but it's correct, compact, and works well
+-	 * enough for this particular usage.  Libarchive internally
+-	 * uses a much more efficient implementation.  */
+-	const unsigned char *p = _p;
+-	int bitctr;
+-
+-	if (p == NULL)
+-		return (0);
+-
+-	for (; s > 0; --s) {
+-		c ^= *p++;
+-		for (bitctr = 8; bitctr > 0; --bitctr) {
+-			if (c & 1) c = (c >> 1);
+-			else	   c = (c >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320;
+-			c ^= 0x80000000;
+-		}
+-	}
+-	return (c);
+-}
+-
+ static void verify_write_uncompressed(struct archive *a)
+ {
+ 	struct archive_entry *entry;
+@@ -106,21 +78,6 @@
+ 	archive_entry_free(entry);
+ }
+ 
+-/* Quick and dirty: Read 2-byte and 4-byte integers from Zip file. */
+-static unsigned int
+-i2(const void *p_)
+-{
+-	const unsigned char *p = p_;
+-	return (p[0] | (p[1] << 8));
+-}
+-
+-static unsigned int
+-i4(const void *p_)
+-{
+-	const unsigned char *p = p_;
+-	return (i2(p) | (i2(p + 2) << 16));
+-}
+-
+ static void verify_uncompressed_contents(const char *buff, size_t used)
+ {
+ 	const char *buffend;
+@@ -152,99 +109,99 @@
+ 	failure("End-of-central-directory begins with PK\\005\\006 signature");
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\005\006", 4);
+ 	failure("This must be disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 0);
+ 	failure("Central dir must start on disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 0);
+ 	failure("All central dir entries are on this disk");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), i2(p + 10));
+-	failure("CD start (%d) + CD length (%d) should == archive size - 22",
+-	    i4(p + 12), i4(p + 16));
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 12) + i4(p + 16), used - 22);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), i2le(p + 10));
++	failure("CD start (%u) + CD length (%u) should == archive size - 22",
++	    i4le(p + 12), i4le(p + 16));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 12) + i4le(p + 16), used - 22);
+ 	failure("no zip comment");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 20), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 20), 0);
+ 
+ 	/* Get address of first entry in central directory. */
+-	p = buff + i4(buffend - 6);
+-	failure("Central file record at offset %d should begin with"
++	p = buff + i4le(buffend - 6);
++	failure("Central file record at offset %u should begin with"
+ 	    " PK\\001\\002 signature",
+-	    i4(buffend - 10));
++	    i4le(buffend - 10));
+ 
+ 	/* Verify file entry in central directory. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 10); /* Version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 10); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), 0); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 10); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 10); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
+ 	crc = bitcrc32(0, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
+ 	crc = bitcrc32(crc, file_data2, sizeof(file_data2));
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 20), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 24), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = p + 46 + strlen(file_name);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ /* TODO */
+-	p = p + 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p = p + 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Verify local header of file entry. */
+ 	local_header = q = buff;
+ 	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 4), 10); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end.  Required because CRC32 is unknown */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 8), 0); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 4), 10); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end.  Required because CRC32 is unknown */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 8), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
+ 	assertEqualMem(q + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	extra_start = q = q + 30 + strlen(file_name);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
+-	q = q + 4 + i2(q + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[4], 3); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 9), now + 3); /* 'UT' atime */
+-	q = q + 4 + i2(q + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9), now + 3); /* 'UT' atime */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[4], 7); /* Bitmap of fields included. */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
+-	q = q + 4 + i2(q + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
+ 
+-	assert(q == extra_start + i2(local_header + 28));
+-	q = extra_start + i2(local_header + 28);
++	assert(q == extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28));
++	q = extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
+ 
+ 	/* Verify data of file entry. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(q, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
+@@ -253,90 +210,90 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Verify data descriptor of file entry. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\007\010", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 8), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 12), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 8), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 12), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
+ 	q = q + 16;
+ 
+ 	/* Verify folder entry in central directory. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 20); /* Version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), 0); /* Flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), 0); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 20); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 0); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
+ 	crc = 0;
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 20), 0); /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 24), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* External file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 42), q - buff); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), q - buff); /* Offset of local header */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 46, folder_name, strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = p + 46 + strlen(folder_name);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
+-	p = p + 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p = p + 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Verify local header of folder entry. */
+ 	local_header = q;
+ 	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 4), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 6), 0); /* Flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 8), 0); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 26), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 4), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 6), 0); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 8), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 26), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
+ 	assertEqualMem(q + 30, folder_name, strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	extra_start = q = q + 30 + strlen(folder_name);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
+-	q = q + 4 + i2(q + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[4], 5); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 9), now + 5); /* 'UT' atime */
+-	q = q + 4 + i2(q + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9), now + 5); /* 'UT' atime */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(q[4], 7); /* bitmap of fields */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* external file attributes */
+-	q = q + 4 + i2(q + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
+ 
+-	assert(q == extra_start + i2(local_header + 28));
+-	q = extra_start + i2(local_header + 28);
++	assert(q == extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28));
++	q = extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
+ 
+ 	/* There should not be any data in the folder entry,
+ 	 * so the first central directory entry should be next: */
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_compression_zstd.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
++/*-SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ * Copyright (c) 2024 ARJANEN LoĂ¯c Jean David
++ * All rights reserved.
++ */
++
++#include "test.h"
++#ifdef HAVE_ZSTD_H
++#include <zstd.h>
++
++/* File data */
++static const char file_name[] = "file";
++static const char file_data1[] = {'~', 'Z', '`', '^', 'Y', 'X', 'N', 'W', 'V', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J'};
++static const char file_data2[] = {'U', 'T', 'S', 'M', 'R', 'Q', 'P', 'O', 'K', 'L'};
++static const int file_perm = 00644;
++static const short file_uid = 10;
++static const short file_gid = 20;
++
++/* Folder data */
++static const char folder_name[] = "folder/";
++static const int folder_perm = 00755;
++static const short folder_uid = 30;
++static const short folder_gid = 40;
++
++static time_t now;
++
++static void verify_write_zstd(struct archive *a)
++{
++	struct archive_entry *entry;
++
++	/* Write entries. */
++
++	/* Regular file */
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, file_name);
++	archive_entry_set_mode(entry, S_IFREG | 0644);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
++	archive_entry_set_uid(entry, file_uid);
++	archive_entry_set_gid(entry, file_gid);
++	archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, now, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_atime(entry, now + 3, 0);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 0, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, sizeof(file_data1), archive_write_data(a, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1)));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, sizeof(file_data2), archive_write_data(a, file_data2, sizeof(file_data2)));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++
++	/* Folder */
++	assert((entry = archive_entry_new()) != NULL);
++	archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, folder_name);
++	archive_entry_set_mode(entry, S_IFDIR | folder_perm);
++	archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_uid(entry, folder_uid);
++	archive_entry_set_gid(entry, folder_gid);
++	archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, now, 0);
++	archive_entry_set_ctime(entry, now + 5, 0);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, 0, archive_write_header(a, entry));
++	archive_entry_free(entry);
++}
++
++static void verify_zstd_contents(const char *buff, size_t used)
++{
++	const char *buffend;
++	struct archive* zip_archive;
++	struct archive_entry *ae;
++	char filedata[sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)];
++	/* Misc variables */
++	unsigned long crc;
++	struct tm *tm;
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) || defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	struct tm tmbuf;
++#endif
++	/* p is the pointer to walk over the central directory,
++	 * q walks over the local headers, the data and the data descriptors. */
++	const char *p, *q, *local_header, *extra_start;
++
++#if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_S)
++	tm = localtime_s(&tmbuf, &now) ? NULL : &tmbuf;
++#elif defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
++	tm = localtime_r(&now, &tmbuf);
++#else
++	tm = localtime(&now);
++#endif
++
++	/* Open archive from memory, we'll need it for checking the file
++	 * value */
++	assert((zip_archive = archive_read_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_format_zip(zip_archive));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_support_filter_all(zip_archive));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_open_memory(zip_archive, buff, used));
++
++	/* Remember the end of the archive in memory. */
++	buffend = buff + used;
++
++	/* Verify "End of Central Directory" record. */
++	/* Get address of end-of-central-directory record. */
++	p = buffend - 22; /* Assumes there is no zip comment field. */
++	failure("End-of-central-directory begins with PK\\005\\006 signature");
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\005\006", 4);
++	failure("This must be disk 0");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 0);
++	failure("Central dir must start on disk 0");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 0);
++	failure("All central dir entries are on this disk");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), i2le(p + 10));
++	failure("CD start (%u) + CD length (%u) should == archive size - 22",
++	    i4le(p + 12), i4le(p + 16));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 12) + i4le(p + 16), used - 22);
++	failure("no zip comment");
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 20), 0);
++
++	/* Get address of first entry in central directory. */
++	p = buff + i4le(buffend - 6);
++	failure("Central file record at offset %u should begin with"
++	    " PK\\001\\002 signature",
++	    i4le(buffend - 10));
++
++	/* Verify file entry in central directory, except compressed size (offset 20). */
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 63); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 63); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 93); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	crc = bitcrc32(0, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
++	crc = bitcrc32(crc, file_data2, sizeof(file_data2));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualMem(p + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
++	p = p + 46 + strlen(file_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++/* TODO */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	/* Verify local header of file entry. */
++	local_header = q = buff;
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 4), 63); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end (required because CRC32 is unknown) */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 8), 93); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size, must be zero because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualMem(q + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
++	extra_start = q = q + 30 + strlen(file_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(q[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(q[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 3); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9), now + 3); /* 'UT' atime */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 7); /* Bitmap of fields included. */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assert(q == extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28));
++	q = extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
++
++	/* Verify data of file entry, using our own zip reader to test. */
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_read_next_header(zip_archive, &ae));
++	assertEqualString("file", archive_entry_pathname(ae));
++	assertEqualIntA(zip_archive, sizeof(filedata), archive_read_data(zip_archive, filedata, sizeof(filedata)));
++	assertEqualMem(filedata, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
++	assertEqualMem(filedata + sizeof(file_data1), file_data2,
++		sizeof(file_data2));
++
++	/* Skip data of file entry in q */
++	while (q < buffend - 3) {
++		if (memcmp(q, "PK\007\010", 4) == 0) {
++			break;
++		}
++		q++;
++	}
++
++	/* Verify data descriptor of file entry, except compressed size (offset 8). */
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\007\010", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 12), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	q = q + 16;
++
++	/* Verify folder entry in central directory. */
++	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + 20); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 0); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	crc = 0;
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), q - buff); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualMem(p + 46, folder_name, strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname */
++	p = p + 46 + strlen(folder_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p = p + 4 + i2le(p + 2);
++
++	/* Verify local header of folder entry. */
++	local_header = q;
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 4), 20); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 6), 0); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 8), 0); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 18), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 26), strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 28), 41); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualMem(q + 30, folder_name, strlen(folder_name)); /* Pathname */
++	extra_start = q = q + 30 + strlen(folder_name);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x7875); /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
++	assertEqualInt(q[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 6), folder_uid); /* 'ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(q[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 11), folder_gid); /* 'ux' GID */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x5455); /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 5); /* 'UT' flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 5), now); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9), now + 5); /* 'UT' atime */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(q[4], 7); /* bitmap of fields */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(q + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(q + 9) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	q = q + 4 + i2le(q + 2);
++
++	assert(q == extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28));
++	q = extra_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
++
++	/* There should not be any data in the folder entry,
++	 * so the first central directory entry should be next: */
++	assertEqualMem(q, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
++
++	/* Close archive, in case. */
++	archive_read_free(zip_archive);
++}
++
++#endif /* HAVE_ZSTD_H */
++DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_zip_compression_zstd)
++{
++#ifndef HAVE_ZSTD_H
++	skipping("zstd is not fully supported on this platform");
++#else /* HAVE_ZSTD_H */
++	/* Buffer data */
++	struct archive *a;
++	char buff[100000];
++	size_t used;
++
++	/* Time data */
++	now = time(NULL);
++
++	/* Create new ZIP archive in memory without padding. */
++	/* Use the setter function to use ZSTD compression. */
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_zip(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_zip_set_compression_zstd(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:experimental"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_in_last_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	verify_write_zstd(a);
++
++	/* Close the archive . */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++	dumpfile("constructed.zip", buff, used);
++
++	verify_zstd_contents(buff, used);
++
++	/* Create new ZIP archive in memory without padding. */
++	/* Use compression-level=1 to check that compression levels are
++	 * somewhat supported as well as threads=2 to check the multi-threaded
++	 * encoder, if available. */
++	assert((a = archive_write_new()) != NULL);
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_format_zip(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:compression=zstd"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:compression-level=1"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:threads=2"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK,
++	    archive_write_set_options(a, "zip:experimental"));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_add_filter_none(a));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_set_bytes_in_last_block(a, 1));
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_open_memory(a, buff, sizeof(buff), &used));
++
++	verify_write_zstd(a);
++
++	/* Close the archive. */
++	assertEqualIntA(a, ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_close(a));
++	assertEqualInt(ARCHIVE_OK, archive_write_free(a));
++	dumpfile("constructed.zip", buff, used);
++
++	verify_zstd_contents(buff, used);
++#endif /* HAVE_ZSTD_H */
++}
++
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_entry_size_unset.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_entry_size_unset.c
+@@ -42,42 +42,6 @@
+ 
+ #define ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LENGTH_AT_END (1 << 3)
+ 
+-/* Quick and dirty: Read 2-byte and 4-byte integers from Zip file. */
+-static unsigned i2(const char *p) { return ((p[0] & 0xff) | ((p[1] & 0xff) << 8)); }
+-static unsigned i4(const char *p) { return (i2(p) | (i2(p + 2) << 16)); }
+-
+-static unsigned long
+-bitcrc32(unsigned long c, const void *_p, size_t s)
+-{
+-	/* This is a drop-in replacement for crc32() from zlib.
+-	 * Libarchive should be able to correctly generate
+-	 * uncompressed zip archives (including correct CRCs) even
+-	 * when zlib is unavailable, and this function helps us verify
+-	 * that.  Yes, this is very, very slow and unsuitable for
+-	 * production use, but it's correct, compact, and works well
+-	 * enough for this particular usage.  Libarchive internally
+-	 * uses a much more efficient implementation.  */
+-	const unsigned char *p = _p;
+-	int bitctr;
+-
+-	if (p == NULL)
+-		return (0);
+-
+-	for (; s > 0; --s)
+-	{
+-		c ^= *p++;
+-		for (bitctr = 8; bitctr > 0; --bitctr)
+-		{
+-			if (c & 1)
+-				c = (c >> 1);
+-			else
+-				c = (c >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320;
+-			c ^= 0x80000000;
+-		}
+-	}
+-	return (c);
+-}
+-
+ static void write_archive(struct archive *a)
+ {
+ 	struct archive_entry *entry = archive_entry_new();
+@@ -116,52 +80,52 @@
+ 	/* Check for end of central directory signature */
+ 	assertEqualMem(end_of_central_dir, "PK\x5\x6", 4);
+ 	/* Check for number of disk */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(end_of_central_dir + 4), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(end_of_central_dir + 4), 0);
+ 	/* Check for disk where central directory starts */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(end_of_central_dir + 6), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(end_of_central_dir + 6), 0);
+ 	/* Check for number of central directory records on disk */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(end_of_central_dir + 8), 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(end_of_central_dir + 8), 2);
+ 	/* Check for total number of central directory records */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(end_of_central_dir + 10), 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(end_of_central_dir + 10), 2);
+ 	/* Check for size of central directory and offset
+     *  The size + offset must equal the end of the central directory */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(end_of_central_dir + 12) + i4(end_of_central_dir + 16), end_of_central_dir - zip_buff);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(end_of_central_dir + 12) + i4le(end_of_central_dir + 16), end_of_central_dir - zip_buff);
+ 	/* Check for empty comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(end_of_central_dir + 20), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(end_of_central_dir + 20), 0);
+ 
+ 	/* Get address of central directory */
+-	const char *central_directory = zip_buff + i4(end_of_central_dir + 16);
++	const char *central_directory = zip_buff + i4le(end_of_central_dir + 16);
+ 
+ 	/* Check for entry in central directory signature */
+ 	assertEqualMem(central_directory, "PK\x1\x2", 4);
+ 	/* Check for version used to write entry */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 4), 3 * 256 + 10);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 4), 3 * 256 + 10);
+ 	/* Check for version needed to extract entry */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 6), 10);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 6), 10);
+ 	/* Check flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 8), ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LENGTH_AT_END);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 8), ZIP_ENTRY_FLAG_LENGTH_AT_END);
+ 	/* Check compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 10), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 10), 0);
+ 	/* Check crc value */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory + 16), crc);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory + 16), crc);
+ 	/* Check compressed size*/
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory + 20), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory + 20), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
+ 	/* Check uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory + 24), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory + 24), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
+ 	/* Check file name length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 28), strlen(file_name));
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 28), strlen(file_name));
+ 	/* Check extra field length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 30), 15);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 30), 15);
+ 	/* Check file comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 32), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 32), 0);
+ 	/* Check disk number where file starts */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 34), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 34), 0);
+ 	/* Check internal file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory + 36), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory + 36), 0);
+ 	/* Check external file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm);
+ 	/* Check offset of local header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory + 42), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory + 42), 0);
+ 	/* Check for file name contents */
+ 	assertEqualMem(central_directory + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name));
+ 
+@@ -171,28 +135,28 @@
+ 	/* Check local file header signature */
+ 	assertEqualMem(local_file_header, "PK\x3\x4", 4);
+ 	/* Check version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_file_header + 4), 10);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_file_header + 4), 10);
+ 	/* Check flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_file_header + 6), 8);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_file_header + 6), 8);
+ 	/* Check compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_file_header + 8), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_file_header + 8), 0);
+ 	/* Check crc */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(local_file_header + 14), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(local_file_header + 14), 0);
+ 	/* Check compressed size
+     *  0 because it was unknown at time of writing */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(local_file_header + 18), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(local_file_header + 18), 0);
+ 	/* Check uncompressed size
+     *  0 because it was unknown at time of writing */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(local_file_header + 22), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(local_file_header + 22), 0);
+ 	/* Check pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_file_header + 26), strlen(file_name));
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_file_header + 26), strlen(file_name));
+ 	/* Check extra field length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_file_header + 28), 15);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_file_header + 28), 15);
+ 	/* Check path name match */
+ 	assertEqualMem(local_file_header + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name));
+ 
+ 	/* Start of data */
+-	const char *data = local_file_header + i2(local_file_header + 28) + strlen(file_name) + 30;
++	const char *data = local_file_header + i2le(local_file_header + 28) + strlen(file_name) + 30;
+ 	/* Check for file data match */
+ 	assertEqualMem(data, file_data1, sizeof(file_data1));
+ 	assertEqualMem(data + sizeof(file_data1), file_data2, sizeof(file_data2));
+@@ -202,14 +166,14 @@
+ 	/* Check data descriptor signature */
+ 	assertEqualMem(data_descriptor, "PK\x7\x8", 4);
+ 	/* Check crc value */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(data_descriptor + 4), crc);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(data_descriptor + 4), crc);
+ 	/* Check compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(data_descriptor + 8), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(data_descriptor + 8), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
+ 	/* Check uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(data_descriptor + 12), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(data_descriptor + 12), sizeof(file_data1) + sizeof(file_data2));
+ 
+ 	/* Get folder entry in central directory */
+-	const char *central_directory_folder_entry = central_directory + 46 + i2(local_file_header + 28) + strlen(file_name);
++	const char *central_directory_folder_entry = central_directory + 46 + i2le(local_file_header + 28) + strlen(file_name);
+ 
+ 	/* Get start of folder entry */
+ 	const char *local_folder_header = data_descriptor + 16;
+@@ -217,58 +181,58 @@
+ 	/* Check for entry in central directory signature */
+ 	assertEqualMem(central_directory_folder_entry, "PK\x1\x2", 4);
+ 	/* Check version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 4), 3 * 256 + 20);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 4), 3 * 256 + 20);
+ 	/* Check version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 6), 20);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 6), 20);
+ 	/* Check flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 8), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 8), 0);
+ 	/* Check compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 10), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 10), 0);
+ 	/* Check crc */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 16), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 16), 0);
+ 	/* Check compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory_folder_entry + 20), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory_folder_entry + 20), 0);
+ 	/* Check uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory_folder_entry + 24), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory_folder_entry + 24), 0);
+ 	/* Check path name length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 28), strlen(folder_name));
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 28), strlen(folder_name));
+ 	/* Check extra field length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 30), 15);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 30), 15);
+ 	/* Check file comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 32), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 32), 0);
+ 	/* Check disk number start */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 34), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 34), 0);
+ 	/* Check internal file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(central_directory_folder_entry + 36), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(central_directory_folder_entry + 36), 0);
+ 	/* Check external file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory_folder_entry + 38) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory_folder_entry + 38) >> 16 & 01777, folder_perm);
+ 	/* Check offset of local header*/
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(central_directory_folder_entry + 42), local_folder_header - zip_buff);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(central_directory_folder_entry + 42), local_folder_header - zip_buff);
+ 	/* Check path name */
+ 	assertEqualMem(central_directory_folder_entry + 46, folder_name, strlen(folder_name));
+ 
+ 	/* Check local header */
+ 	assertEqualMem(local_folder_header, "PK\x3\x4", 4);
+ 	/* Check version to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_folder_header + 4), 20);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_folder_header + 4), 20);
+ 	/* Check flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_folder_header + 6), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_folder_header + 6), 0);
+ 	/* Check compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_folder_header + 8), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_folder_header + 8), 0);
+ 	/* Check crc */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(local_folder_header + 14), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(local_folder_header + 14), 0);
+ 	/* Check compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_folder_header + 18), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_folder_header + 18), 0);
+ 	/* Check uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(local_folder_header + 22), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(local_folder_header + 22), 0);
+ 	/* Check path name length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_folder_header + 26), strlen(folder_name));
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_folder_header + 26), strlen(folder_name));
+ 	/* Check extra field length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(local_folder_header + 28), 15);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(local_folder_header + 28), 15);
+ 	/* Check path name */
+ 	assertEqualMem(local_folder_header + 30, folder_name, strlen(folder_name));
+ 
+-	const char *post_local_folder = local_folder_header + 30 + i2(local_folder_header + 28) + strlen(folder_name);
++	const char *post_local_folder = local_folder_header + 30 + i2le(local_folder_header + 28) + strlen(folder_name);
+ 	assertEqualMem(post_local_folder, central_directory, 4);
+ }
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_file.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_file.c
+@@ -35,38 +35,6 @@
+  * with a single file written to it.
+  */
+ 
+-static unsigned long
+-bitcrc32(unsigned long c, void *_p, size_t s)
+-{
+-	/* This is a drop-in replacement for crc32() from zlib.
+-	 * Libarchive should be able to correctly generate
+-	 * uncompressed zip archives (including correct CRCs) even
+-	 * when zlib is unavailable, and this function helps us verify
+-	 * that.  Yes, this is very, very slow and unsuitable for
+-	 * production use, but it's correct, compact, and works well
+-	 * enough for this particular usage.  Libarchive internally
+-	 * uses a much more efficient implementation.  */
+-	const unsigned char *p = _p;
+-	int bitctr;
+-
+-	if (p == NULL)
+-		return (0);
+-
+-	for (; s > 0; --s) {
+-		c ^= *p++;
+-		for (bitctr = 8; bitctr > 0; --bitctr) {
+-			if (c & 1) c = (c >> 1);
+-			else	   c = (c >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320;
+-			c ^= 0x80000000;
+-		}
+-	}
+-	return (c);
+-}
+-
+-/* Quick and dirty: Read 2-byte and 4-byte integers from Zip file. */
+-static unsigned i2(const unsigned char *p) { return ((p[0] & 0xff) | ((p[1] & 0xff) << 8)); }
+-static unsigned i4(const unsigned char *p) { return (i2(p) | (i2(p + 2) << 16)); }
+-
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_zip_file)
+ {
+ 	struct archive *a;
+@@ -78,7 +46,7 @@
+ #endif
+ 	size_t used, buffsize = 1000000;
+ 	unsigned long crc;
+-	int file_perm = 00644;
++	__LA_MODE_T file_perm = 00644;
+ 	int zip_version = 20;
+ 	int zip_compression = 8;
+ 	short file_uid = 10, file_gid = 20;
+@@ -131,60 +99,60 @@
+ 	failure("End-of-central-directory begins with PK\\005\\006 signature");
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\005\006", 4);
+ 	failure("This must be disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 0);
+ 	failure("Central dir must start on disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 0);
+ 	failure("All central dir entries are on this disk");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), i2(p + 10));
+-	eocd = buff + i4(p + 12) + i4(p + 16);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), i2le(p + 10));
++	eocd = buff + i4le(p + 12) + i4le(p + 16);
+ 	failure("no zip comment");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 20), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 20), 0);
+ 
+ 	/* Get address of first entry in central directory. */
+-	central_header = p = buff + i4(buffend - 6);
+-	failure("Central file record at offset %d should begin with"
++	central_header = p = buff + i4le(buffend - 6);
++	failure("Central file record at offset %u should begin with"
+ 	    " PK\\001\\002 signature",
+-	    i4(buffend - 10));
++	    i4le(buffend - 10));
+ 
+ 	/* Verify file entry in central directory. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 3 * 256 + zip_version); /* Version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + zip_version); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
+ 	crc = bitcrc32(0, file_data, sizeof(file_data));
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	/* assertEqualInt(i4(p + 20), sizeof(file_data)); */ /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 24), sizeof(file_data)); /* Uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	/* assertEqualInt(i2(p + 30), 28); */ /* Extra field length: See below */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	/* assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), sizeof(file_data)); */ /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), sizeof(file_data)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	/* assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 28); */ /* Extra field length: See below */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = extension_start = central_header + 46 + strlen(file_name);
+-	extension_end = extension_start + i2(central_header + 30);
++	extension_end = extension_start + i2le(central_header + 30);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	/* TODO: verify 'ux' contents */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), t); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), t); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Just in case: Report any extra extensions. */
+ 	while (p < extension_end) {
+-		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2(p));
++		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2le(p));
+ 		assert(0);
+-		p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++		p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Should have run exactly to end of extra data. */
+@@ -198,48 +166,48 @@
+ 	/* Verify local header of file entry. */
+ 	p = local_header = buff;
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 stored as zero because we're using length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 18), 0); /* Compressed size stored as zero because we're using length-at-end. */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size stored as zero because we're using length-at-end. */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), 37); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 stored as zero because we're using length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 18), 0); /* Compressed size stored as zero because we're using length-at-end. */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size stored as zero because we're using length-at-end. */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), 37); /* Extra field length */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = extension_start = local_header + 30 + strlen(file_name);
+-	extension_end = extension_start + i2(local_header + 28);
++	extension_end = extension_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), t); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), t); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension block */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension block */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 9); /* size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 7); /* bitmap of fields in this block */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 5) >> 8, 3); /* System & version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 5) >> 8, 3); /* System & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Just in case: Report any extra extensions. */
+ 	while (p < extension_end) {
+-		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2(p));
++		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2le(p));
+ 		assert(0);
+-		p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++		p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Should have run exactly to end of extra data. */
+@@ -249,9 +217,9 @@
+ 	while (p < central_header && memcmp(p, "PK\007\010", 4) != 0)
+ 		++p;
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\007\010", 4);
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 8), p - extension_end); /* compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 12), sizeof(file_data)); /* uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 8), p - extension_end); /* compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 12), sizeof(file_data)); /* uncompressed size */
+ 
+ 	/* Central directory should immediately follow the only entry. */
+ 	assertEqualAddress(p + 16, central_header);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_file_zip64.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_file_zip64.c
+@@ -35,40 +35,6 @@
+  * with a single file written to it that uses Zip64 extensions.
+  */
+ 
+-static unsigned long
+-bitcrc32(unsigned long c, void *_p, size_t s)
+-{
+-	/* This is a drop-in replacement for crc32() from zlib.
+-	 * Libarchive should be able to correctly generate
+-	 * uncompressed zip archives (including correct CRCs) even
+-	 * when zlib is unavailable, and this function helps us verify
+-	 * that.  Yes, this is very, very slow and unsuitable for
+-	 * production use, but it's correct, compact, and works well
+-	 * enough for this particular usage.  Libarchive internally
+-	 * uses a much more efficient implementation.  */
+-	const unsigned char *p = _p;
+-	int bitctr;
+-
+-	if (p == NULL)
+-		return (0);
+-
+-	for (; s > 0; --s) {
+-		c ^= *p++;
+-		for (bitctr = 8; bitctr > 0; --bitctr) {
+-			if (c & 1) c = (c >> 1);
+-			else	   c = (c >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320;
+-			c ^= 0x80000000;
+-		}
+-	}
+-	return (c);
+-}
+-
+-/* Quick and dirty: Read 2-byte and 4-byte integers from Zip file. */
+-static unsigned i2(const unsigned char *p) { return ((p[0] & 0xff) | ((p[1] & 0xff) << 8)); }
+-static unsigned i4(const unsigned char *p) { return (i2(p) | (i2(p + 2) << 16)); }
+-/* We're only working with small values here; ignore the 4 high bytes. */
+-static unsigned i8(const unsigned char *p) { return (i4(p)); }
+-
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_zip_file_zip64)
+ {
+ 	struct archive *a;
+@@ -80,7 +46,7 @@
+ #endif
+ 	size_t used, buffsize = 1000000;
+ 	unsigned long crc;
+-	int file_perm = 00644;
++	__LA_MODE_T file_perm = 00644;
+ 	int zip_version = 45;
+ 	int zip_compression = 8;
+ 	short file_uid = 10, file_gid = 20;
+@@ -134,54 +100,54 @@
+ 	failure("End-of-central-directory begins with PK\\005\\006 signature");
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\005\006", 4);
+ 	failure("This must be disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 0);
+ 	failure("Central dir must start on disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 0);
+ 	failure("All central dir entries are on this disk");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), i2(p + 10));
+-	eocd = buff + i4(p + 12) + i4(p + 16);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), i2le(p + 10));
++	eocd = buff + i4le(p + 12) + i4le(p + 16);
+ 	failure("no zip comment");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 20), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 20), 0);
+ 
+ 	/* Get address of first entry in central directory. */
+-	central_header = p = buff + i4(buffend - 6);
+-	failure("Central file record at offset %d should begin with"
++	central_header = p = buff + i4le(buffend - 6);
++	failure("Central file record at offset %u should begin with"
+ 	    " PK\\001\\002 signature",
+-	    i4(buffend - 10));
++	    i4le(buffend - 10));
+ 
+ 	/* Verify file entry in central directory. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 3 * 256 + zip_version); /* Version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + zip_version); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
+ 	crc = bitcrc32(0, file_data, sizeof(file_data));
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	/* assertEqualInt(i4(p + 20), sizeof(file_data)); */ /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 24), sizeof(file_data)); /* Uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	/* assertEqualInt(i2(p + 30), 28); */ /* Extra field length: See below */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	/* assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), sizeof(file_data)); */ /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), sizeof(file_data)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	/* assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 28); */ /* Extra field length: See below */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = extension_start = central_header + 46 + strlen(file_name);
+-	extension_end = extension_start + i2(central_header + 30);
++	extension_end = extension_start + i2le(central_header + 30);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	/* TODO: verify 'ux' contents */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), t); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), t); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Note: We don't expect to see zip64 extension in the central
+ 	 * directory, since the writer knows the actual full size by
+@@ -191,9 +157,9 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Just in case: Report any extra extensions. */
+ 	while (p < extension_end) {
+-		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2(p));
++		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2le(p));
+ 		assert(0);
+-		p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++		p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Should have run exactly to end of extra data. */
+@@ -203,21 +169,21 @@
+ 
+ 	/* After Central dir, we find Zip64 eocd and Zip64 eocd locator. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\006\006", 4); /* Zip64 eocd */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 4), 44); /* We're using v1 Zip64 eocd */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), 45); /* Written by Version 4.5 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 14), 45); /* Needs version 4.5 to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), 0); /* This is disk #0 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 20), 0); /* Dir starts on disk #0 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 24), 1); /* 1 entry on this disk */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 32), 1); /* 1 entry total */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 40), eocd - central_header); /* size of cd */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 48), central_header - buff); /* start of cd */
+-	p += 12 + i8(p + 4);
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 4), 44); /* We're using v1 Zip64 eocd */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), 45); /* Written by Version 4.5 */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), 45); /* Needs version 4.5 to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), 0); /* This is disk #0 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 20), 0); /* Dir starts on disk #0 */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 24), 1); /* 1 entry on this disk */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 32), 1); /* 1 entry total */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 40), eocd - central_header); /* size of cd */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 48), central_header - buff); /* start of cd */
++	p += 12 + i8le(p + 4);
+ 
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\006\007", 4); /* Zip64 eocd locator */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 4), 0); /* Zip64 eocd is on disk #0 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 8), eocd - buff); /* Offset of Zip64 eocd */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), 1); /* 1 disk */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 4), 0); /* Zip64 eocd is on disk #0 */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 8), eocd - buff); /* Offset of Zip64 eocd */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), 1); /* 1 disk */
+ 	p += 20;
+ 
+ 	/* Regular EOCD immediately follows Zip64 records. */
+@@ -226,48 +192,48 @@
+ 	/* Verify local header of file entry. */
+ 	p = local_header = buff;
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 must be 0 because of length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 18), 0); /* Compressed size must be 0 because of length-at-end */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size must be 0 because of length-at-end. */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), 37); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 8); /* Flags: bit 3 = length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), (tm->tm_hour * 2048) + (tm->tm_min * 32) + (tm->tm_sec / 2)); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), ((tm->tm_year - 80) * 512) + ((tm->tm_mon + 1) * 32) + tm->tm_mday); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 must be 0 because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 18), 0); /* Compressed size must be 0 because of length-at-end */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size must be 0 because of length-at-end. */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), 37); /* Extra field length */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = extension_start = local_header + 30 + strlen(file_name);
+-	extension_end = extension_start + i2(local_header + 28);
++	extension_end = extension_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), t); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), t); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 9); /* size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x6c78); /* 'xl' experimental extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 9); /* size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 7); /* bitmap of included fields */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 5) >> 8, 3); /* system & version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 7), 0); /* internal file attributes */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 9) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* external file attributes */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Just in case: Report any extra extensions. */
+ 	while (p < extension_end) {
+-		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2(p));
++		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2le(p));
+ 		assert(0);
+-		p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++		p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Should have run exactly to end of extra data. */
+@@ -277,9 +243,9 @@
+ 	while (p < central_header && memcmp(p, "PK\007\010", 4) != 0)
+ 		++p;
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\007\010", 4);
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 8), p - extension_end); /* compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i8(p + 16), sizeof(file_data)); /* uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 8), p - extension_end); /* compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(p + 16), sizeof(file_data)); /* uncompressed size */
+ 
+ 	/* Central directory should immediately follow the only entry. */
+ 	assertEqualAddress(p + 24, central_header);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_large.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_large.c
+@@ -62,25 +62,6 @@
+ #define GB ((int64_t)1024 * MB)
+ #define TB ((int64_t)1024 * GB)
+ 
+-static int64_t	memory_read_skip(struct archive *, void *, int64_t request);
+-static ssize_t	memory_read(struct archive *, void *, const void **buff);
+-static ssize_t	memory_write(struct archive *, void *, const void *, size_t);
+-
+-static uint16_t le16(const void *_p) {
+-	const uint8_t *p = _p;
+-	return p[0] | (p[1] << 8);
+-}
+-
+-static uint32_t le32(const void *_p) {
+-	const uint8_t *p = _p;
+-	return le16(p) | ((uint32_t)le16(p + 2) << 16);
+-}
+-
+-static uint64_t le64(const void *_p) {
+-	const uint8_t *p = _p;
+-	return le32(p) | ((uint64_t)le32(p + 4) << 32);
+-}
+-
+ static ssize_t
+ memory_write(struct archive *a, void *_private, const void *buff, size_t size)
+ {
+@@ -436,7 +417,7 @@
+ 	eocd = p - 22;
+ 	assertEqualMem(eocd, "PK\005\006\0\0\0\0", 8);
+ 	assertEqualMem(eocd + 8, "\010\0\010\0", 4); /* 8 entries total */
+-	cd_size = le32(eocd + 12);
++	cd_size = i4le(eocd + 12);
+ 	/* Start of CD offset should be 0xffffffff */
+ 	assertEqualMem(eocd + 16, "\xff\xff\xff\xff", 4);
+ 	assertEqualMem(eocd + 20, "\0\0", 2);	/* No Zip comment */
+@@ -444,25 +425,25 @@
+ 	/* Verify Zip64 locator */
+ 	zip64_locator = p - 42;
+ 	assertEqualMem(zip64_locator, "PK\006\007\0\0\0\0", 8);
+-	zip64_eocd = p - (fileblocks->filesize - le64(zip64_locator + 8));
++	zip64_eocd = p - (fileblocks->filesize - i8le(zip64_locator + 8));
+ 	assertEqualMem(zip64_locator + 16, "\001\0\0\0", 4);
+ 
+ 	/* Verify Zip64 end-of-cd record. */
+ 	assert(zip64_eocd == p - 98);
+ 	assertEqualMem(zip64_eocd, "PK\006\006", 4);
+-	assertEqualInt(44, le64(zip64_eocd + 4)); // Size of EoCD record - 12
++	assertEqualInt(44, i8le(zip64_eocd + 4)); // Size of EoCD record - 12
+ 	assertEqualMem(zip64_eocd + 12, "\055\0", 2);  // Made by version: 45
+ 	assertEqualMem(zip64_eocd + 14, "\055\0", 2);  // Requires version: 45
+ 	assertEqualMem(zip64_eocd + 16, "\0\0\0\0", 4); // This disk
+ 	assertEqualMem(zip64_eocd + 20, "\0\0\0\0", 4); // Total disks
+-	assertEqualInt(8, le64(zip64_eocd + 24));  // Entries on this disk
+-	assertEqualInt(8, le64(zip64_eocd + 32));  // Total entries
+-	cd_size = le64(zip64_eocd + 40);
+-	cd_start = p - (fileblocks->filesize - le64(zip64_eocd + 48));
++	assertEqualInt(8, i8le(zip64_eocd + 24));  // Entries on this disk
++	assertEqualInt(8, i8le(zip64_eocd + 32));  // Total entries
++	cd_size = i8le(zip64_eocd + 40);
++	cd_start = p - (fileblocks->filesize - i8le(zip64_eocd + 48));
+ 
+ 	assert(cd_start + cd_size == zip64_eocd);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(le64(zip64_eocd + 48) // Start of CD
++	assertEqualInt(i8le(zip64_eocd + 48) // Start of CD
+ 	    + cd_size
+ 	    + 56 // Size of Zip64 EOCD
+ 	    + 20 // Size of Zip64 locator
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_stream.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive/test/test_write_format_zip_stream.c
+@@ -31,38 +31,6 @@
+  * written in streaming mode WITHOUT Zip64 extensions enabled.
+  */
+ 
+-static unsigned long
+-bitcrc32(unsigned long c, void *_p, size_t s)
+-{
+-	/* This is a drop-in replacement for crc32() from zlib.
+-	 * Libarchive should be able to correctly generate
+-	 * uncompressed zip archives (including correct CRCs) even
+-	 * when zlib is unavailable, and this function helps us verify
+-	 * that.  Yes, this is very, very slow and unsuitable for
+-	 * production use, but it's correct, compact, and works well
+-	 * enough for this particular usage.  Libarchive internally
+-	 * uses a much more efficient implementation.  */
+-	const unsigned char *p = _p;
+-	int bitctr;
+-
+-	if (p == NULL)
+-		return (0);
+-
+-	for (; s > 0; --s) {
+-		c ^= *p++;
+-		for (bitctr = 8; bitctr > 0; --bitctr) {
+-			if (c & 1) c = (c >> 1);
+-			else	   c = (c >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320;
+-			c ^= 0x80000000;
+-		}
+-	}
+-	return (c);
+-}
+-
+-/* Quick and dirty: Read 2-byte and 4-byte integers from Zip file. */
+-static unsigned i2(const unsigned char *p) { return ((p[0] & 0xff) | ((p[1] & 0xff) << 8)); }
+-static unsigned i4(const unsigned char *p) { return (i2(p) | (i2(p + 2) << 16)); }
+-
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_write_format_zip_stream)
+ {
+ 	struct archive *a;
+@@ -70,7 +38,7 @@
+ 	size_t used, buffsize = 1000000;
+ 	unsigned long crc;
+ 	unsigned long compressed_size = 0;
+-	int file_perm = 00644;
++	__LA_MODE_T file_perm = 00644;
+ #ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_H
+ 	int zip_version = 20;
+ #else
+@@ -120,58 +88,58 @@
+ 	failure("End-of-central-directory begins with PK\\005\\006 signature");
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\005\006", 4);
+ 	failure("This must be disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 0);
+ 	failure("Central dir must start on disk 0");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 0);
+ 	failure("All central dir entries are on this disk");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), i2(p + 10));
+-	eocd = buff + i4(p + 12) + i4(p + 16);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), i2le(p + 10));
++	eocd = buff + i4le(p + 12) + i4le(p + 16);
+ 	failure("no zip comment");
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 20), 0);
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 20), 0);
+ 
+ 	/* Get address of first entry in central directory. */
+-	central_header = p = buff + i4(buffend - 6);
+-	failure("Central file record at offset %d should begin with"
++	central_header = p = buff + i4le(buffend - 6);
++	failure("Central file record at offset %u should begin with"
+ 	    " PK\\001\\002 signature",
+-	    i4(buffend - 10));
++	    i4le(buffend - 10));
+ 
+ 	/* Verify file entry in central directory. */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\001\002", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), 3 * 256 + zip_version); /* Version made by */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), 0); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 14), 33); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), 3 * 256 + zip_version); /* Version made by */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), 8); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), 0); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 14), 33); /* File date */
+ 	crc = bitcrc32(0, file_data, sizeof(file_data));
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	compressed_size = i4(p + 20);  /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 24), sizeof(file_data)); /* Uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	/* assertEqualInt(i2(p + 30), 28); */ /* Extra field length: See below */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 16), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	compressed_size = i4le(p + 20);  /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 24), sizeof(file_data)); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	/* assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 30), 28); */ /* Extra field length: See below */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 32), 0); /* File comment length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 34), 0); /* Disk number start */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 36), 0); /* Internal file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 38) >> 16 & 01777, file_perm); /* External file attrs */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 42), 0); /* Offset of local header */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 46, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = extension_start = central_header + 46 + strlen(file_name);
+-	extension_end = extension_start + i2(central_header + 30);
++	extension_end = extension_start + i2le(central_header + 30);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), 0); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), 0); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Note: We don't expect to see zip64 extension in the central
+ 	 * directory, since the writer knows the actual full size by
+@@ -181,9 +149,9 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Just in case: Report any extra extensions. */
+ 	while (p < extension_end) {
+-		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2(p));
++		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2le(p));
+ 		assert(0);
+-		p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++		p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Should have run exactly to end of extra data. */
+@@ -195,40 +163,40 @@
+ 	/* Verify local header of file entry. */
+ 	p = local_header = buff;
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\003\004", 4); /* Signature */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 4), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 6), 8); /* Flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 8), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 10), 0); /* File time */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 12), 33); /* File date */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 18), 0); /* Compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 28), 24); /* Extra field length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 4), zip_version); /* Version needed to extract */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 6), 8); /* Flags */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 8), zip_compression); /* Compression method */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 10), 0); /* File time */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 12), 33); /* File date */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 14), 0); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 18), 0); /* Compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 22), 0); /* Uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 26), strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname length */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 28), 24); /* Extra field length */
+ 	assertEqualMem(p + 30, file_name, strlen(file_name)); /* Pathname */
+ 	p = extension_start = local_header + 30 + strlen(file_name);
+-	extension_end = extension_start + i2(local_header + 28);
++	extension_end = extension_start + i2le(local_header + 28);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x7875);  /* 'ux' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 11); /* 'ux' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'ux' version */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[5], 4); /* 'ux' uid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 6), file_uid); /* 'Ux' UID */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[10], 4); /* 'ux' gid size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 11), file_gid); /* 'Ux' GID */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
+-	assertEqualInt(i2(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p), 0x5455);  /* 'UT' extension header */
++	assertEqualInt(i2le(p + 2), 5); /* 'UT' size */
+ 	assertEqualInt(p[4], 1); /* 'UT' flags */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 5), 0); /* 'UT' mtime */
+-	p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 5), 0); /* 'UT' mtime */
++	p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 
+ 	/* Just in case: Report any extra extensions. */
+ 	while (p < extension_end) {
+-		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2(p));
++		failure("Unexpected extension 0x%04X", i2le(p));
+ 		assert(0);
+-		p += 4 + i2(p + 2);
++		p += 4 + i2le(p + 2);
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Should have run exactly to end of extra data. */
+@@ -241,9 +209,9 @@
+ 	data_end = p;
+ 	assertEqualInt(data_end - data_start, compressed_size);
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "PK\007\010", 4);
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 8), compressed_size); /* compressed size */
+-	assertEqualInt(i4(p + 12), sizeof(file_data)); /* uncompressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 4), crc); /* CRC-32 */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 8), compressed_size); /* compressed size */
++	assertEqualInt(i4le(p + 12), sizeof(file_data)); /* uncompressed size */
+ 
+ 	/* Central directory should immediately follow the data descriptor. */
+ 	assert(p + 16 == central_header);
+--- contrib/libarchive/libarchive_fe/passphrase.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/libarchive_fe/passphrase.c
+@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
+ 	return (buf);
+ }
+ 
+-#else /* _WIN32 && !__CYGWIN__ */
++#elif defined(HAVE_TCGETATTR) && defined(HAVE_TCSETATTR)
+ 
+ #include <assert.h>
+ #include <ctype.h>
+@@ -314,7 +314,13 @@
+ 		errno = save_errno;
+ 	return(nr == -1 ? NULL : buf);
+ }
+-#endif /* _WIN32 && !__CYGWIN__ */
++#else
++static char *
++readpassphrase(const char *prompt, char *buf, size_t bufsiz, int flags)
++{
++	return (NULL);
++}
++#endif
+ #endif /* HAVE_READPASSPHRASE */
+ 
+ char *
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/bsdtar.1.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/bsdtar.1
+@@ -32,19 +32,22 @@
+ .Nm
+ creates and manipulates streaming archive files.
+ This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar,
+-rpm, 7-zip, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, zip,
+-7-zip, and shar archives.
++rar, rpm, 7-zip, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax,
++cpio, ar, zip, 7-zip, and shar archives.
+ .Pp
+ The first synopsis form shows a
+ .Dq bundled
+ option word.
+ This usage is provided for compatibility with historical implementations.
+-See COMPATIBILITY below for details.
++See
++.Sx COMPATIBILITY
++below for details.
+ .Pp
+ The other synopsis forms show the preferred usage.
+ The first option to
+ .Nm
+ is a mode indicator from the following list:
++.Pp
+ .Bl -tag -compact -width indent
+ .It Fl c
+ Create a new archive containing the specified items.
+@@ -109,16 +112,22 @@
+ The specified archive is opened and the entries
+ in it will be appended to the current archive.
+ As a simple example,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl c Fl f Pa - Pa newfile Cm @ Ns Pa original.tar
++.Pp
+ writes a new archive to standard output containing a file
+ .Pa newfile
+ and all of the entries from
+ .Pa original.tar .
+ In contrast,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl c Fl f Pa - Pa newfile Pa original.tar
++.Pp
+ creates a new archive with only two entries.
+ Similarly,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl czf Pa - Fl Fl format Cm pax Cm @ Ns Pa -
++.Pp
+ reads an archive from standard input (whose format will be determined
+ automatically) and converts it into a gzip-compressed
+ pax-format archive on stdout.
+@@ -130,19 +139,29 @@
+ Use the archive suffix to decide a set of the format and
+ the compressions.
+ As a simple example,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl a Fl cf Pa archive.tgz source.c source.h
++.Pp
+ creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl a Fl cf Pa archive.tar.bz2.uu source.c source.h
++.Pp
+ creates a new archive with restricted pax format and bzip2 compression
+ and uuencode compression,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl a Fl cf Pa archive.zip source.c source.h
++.Pp
+ creates a new archive with zip format,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl a Fl jcf Pa archive.tgz source.c source.h
++.Pp
+ ignores the
+ .Dq -j
+ option, and creates a new archive with restricted pax format
+ and gzip compression,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl a Fl jcf Pa archive.xxx source.c source.h
++.Pp
+ if it is unknown suffix or no suffix, creates a new archive with
+ restricted pax format and bzip2 compression.
+ .It Fl Fl acls
+@@ -177,6 +196,11 @@
+ to the current directory after processing any
+ .Fl C
+ options and before extracting any files.
++.It Fl Fl clamp-mtime
++(use with
++.Fl Fl mtime )
++Only set the modification time if the file is newer than the date specified in
++.Fl Fl mtime .
+ .It Fl Fl clear-nochange-fflags
+ (x mode only)
+ Before removing file system objects to replace them, clear platform-specific
+@@ -295,7 +319,9 @@
+ .Fl Fl include
+ option is especially useful when filtering archives.
+ For example, the command
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl c Fl f Pa new.tar Fl Fl include='*foo*' Cm @ Ns Pa old.tgz
++.Pp
+ creates a new archive
+ .Pa new.tar
+ containing only the entries from
+@@ -393,7 +419,11 @@
+ .Nm
+ is run in x mode as root.
+ Currently supported only for pax formats
+-(including "pax restricted", the default tar format for bsdtar.)
++.Po including "pax restricted", the default tar format for
++.Nm bsdtar Pc
++.It Fl Fl mtime Ar date
++(c, r, u modes only)
++Set the modification times of added files to the specified date.
+ .It Fl n , Fl Fl norecurse , Fl Fl no-recursion
+ Do not operate recursively on the content of directories.
+ .It Fl Fl newer Ar date
+@@ -450,7 +480,7 @@
+ .Nm
+ is run as non-root in x mode.
+ .It Fl Fl no-mac-metadata
+-(x mode only)
++(c, r, u and x mode only)
+ Mac OS X specific.
+ Do not archive or extract ACLs and extended file attributes
+ using
+@@ -556,6 +586,7 @@
+ These are passed to the modules that handle particular
+ formats to control how those formats will behave.
+ Each option has one of the following forms:
++.Pp
+ .Bl -tag -compact -width indent
+ .It Ar key=value
+ The key will be set to the specified value in every module that supports it.
+@@ -579,6 +610,7 @@
+ .Xr archive_read_set_options 3 .
+ .Pp
+ Examples of supported options:
++.Pp
+ .Bl -tag -compact -width indent
+ .It Cm iso9660:joliet
+ Support Joliet extensions.
+@@ -738,6 +770,7 @@
+ .Fl i , Fl Fl ignore-zeros
+ option of GNU tar.
+ .El
++.Pp
+ If a provided option is not supported by any module, that
+ is a fatal error.
+ .It Fl P , Fl Fl absolute-paths
+@@ -910,7 +943,9 @@
+ .Nm
+ to remove intervening directory symlinks instead of
+ reporting an error.
+-See the SECURITY section below for more details.
++See the
++.Sx SECURITY
++section below for more details.
+ .It Fl Fl uid Ar id
+ Use the provided user id number and ignore the user
+ name from the archive.
+@@ -1048,24 +1083,31 @@
+ .Ar source.c
+ and
+ .Ar source.h :
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl czf Pa file.tar.gz Pa source.c Pa source.h
+ .Pp
+ To view a detailed table of contents for this
+ archive:
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl tvf Pa file.tar.gz
+ .Pp
+ To extract all entries from the archive on
+ the default tape drive:
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl x
+ .Pp
+ To examine the contents of an ISO 9660 cdrom image:
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl tf Pa image.iso
+ .Pp
+ To move file hierarchies, invoke
+ .Nm
+ as
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl cf Pa - Fl C Pa srcdir \&. | Nm Fl xpf Pa - Fl C Pa destdir
++.Pp
+ or more traditionally
++.Pp
+ .Dl cd srcdir \&; Nm Fl cf Pa - \&. | ( cd destdir \&; Nm Fl xpf Pa - )
+ .Pp
+ In create mode, the list of files and directories to be archived
+@@ -1074,7 +1116,9 @@
+ and archive inclusions of the form
+ .Cm @ Ns Pa archive-file .
+ For example, the command line
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl c Fl f Pa new.tar Pa foo1 Cm @ Ns Pa old.tgz Cm -C Ns Pa /tmp Pa foo2
++.Pp
+ will create a new archive
+ .Pa new.tar .
+ .Nm
+@@ -1122,9 +1166,13 @@
+ and
+ .Cm uid
+ keywords:
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl cf Pa file.tar Fl Fl format=mtree Fl Fl options='!all,type,time,uid' Pa dir
++.Pp
+ or you can set the compression level used by gzip or xz compression:
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl czf Pa file.tar Fl Fl options='compression-level=9' .
++.Pp
+ For more details, see the explanation of the
+ .Fn archive_read_set_options
+ and
+@@ -1142,7 +1190,9 @@
+ The order of the arguments must match the order
+ of the corresponding characters in the bundled command word.
+ For example,
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Cm tbf 32 Pa file.tar
++.Pp
+ specifies three flags
+ .Cm t ,
+ .Cm b ,
+@@ -1240,10 +1290,13 @@
+ .Nm
+ will refuse to extract the entry.
+ .El
++.Pp
+ To protect yourself, you should be wary of any archives that
+ come from untrusted sources.
+ You should examine the contents of an archive with
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl tf Pa filename
++.Pp
+ before extraction.
+ You should use the
+ .Fl k
+@@ -1294,7 +1347,7 @@
+ There have been numerous other implementations,
+ many of which extended the file format.
+ John Gilmore's
+-.Nm pdtar
++.Sy pdtar
+ public-domain implementation (circa November, 1987)
+ was quite influential, and formed the basis of GNU tar.
+ GNU tar was included as the standard system tar
+@@ -1347,8 +1400,11 @@
+ The compression and decompression is implemented internally, so
+ there may be insignificant differences between the compressed output
+ generated by
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl czf Pa - file
++.Pp
+ and that generated by
++.Pp
+ .Dl Nm Fl cf Pa - file | Nm gzip
+ .Pp
+ The default should be to read and write archives to the standard I/O paths,
+@@ -1393,5 +1449,5 @@
+ Converting between dissimilar archive formats (such as tar and cpio) using the
+ .Cm @ Ns Pa -
+ convention can cause hard link information to be lost.
+-(This is a consequence of the incompatible ways that different archive
+-formats store hardlink information.)
++This is a consequence of the incompatible ways that different archive
++formats store hardlink information.
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/bsdtar.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/bsdtar.c
+@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
+ 
+ #include "bsdtar_platform.h"
+ 
++#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
++#include <limits.h>
++#endif
+ #ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
+ #include <sys/param.h>
+ #endif
+@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@
+ static __LA_NORETURN void		 long_help(void);
+ static void		 only_mode(struct bsdtar *, const char *opt,
+ 			     const char *valid);
+-static void		 set_mode(struct bsdtar *, char opt);
++static void		 set_mode(struct bsdtar *, int opt);
+ static __LA_NORETURN void		 version(void);
+ 
+ /* A basic set of security flags to request from libarchive. */
+@@ -136,13 +139,14 @@
+ {
+ 	struct bsdtar		*bsdtar, bsdtar_storage;
+ 	int			 opt, t;
+-	char			 compression, compression2;
++	int			 compression, compression2;
+ 	const char		*compression_name, *compression2_name;
+ 	const char		*compress_program;
+ 	char			*tptr, *uptr;
+ 	char			 possible_help_request;
+ 	char			 buff[16];
+ 	long			 l;
++	time_t			now;
+ 
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Use a pointer for consistency, but stack-allocated storage
+@@ -157,6 +161,7 @@
+ 	compression = compression2 = '\0';
+ 	compression_name = compression2_name = NULL;
+ 	compress_program = NULL;
++	time(&now);
+ 
+ #if defined(HAVE_SIGACTION)
+ 	{ /* Set up signal handling. */
+@@ -331,7 +336,7 @@
+ 			if (archive_match_exclude_pattern(
+ 			    bsdtar->matching, bsdtar->argument) != ARCHIVE_OK)
+ 				lafe_errc(1, 0,
+-				    "Couldn't exclude %s\n", bsdtar->argument);
++				    "Couldn't exclude %s", bsdtar->argument);
+ 			break;
+ 		case OPTION_EXCLUDE_VCS: /* GNU tar */
+ 			for(t=0; vcs_files[t]; t++) {
+@@ -339,7 +344,7 @@
+ 				    bsdtar->matching,
+ 				    vcs_files[t]) != ARCHIVE_OK)
+ 					lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't "
+-					    "exclude %s\n", vcs_files[t]);
++					    "exclude %s", vcs_files[t]);
+ 			}
+ 			break;
+ 		case OPTION_FFLAGS:
+@@ -673,6 +678,16 @@
+ 				}
+ 			}
+ 			break;
++		case OPTION_MTIME: /* GNU tar */
++			bsdtar->has_mtime = 1;
++			bsdtar->mtime = archive_parse_date(now, bsdtar->argument);
++			if (bsdtar->mtime == (time_t)-1) {
++				lafe_errc(1, 0, "Invalid argument to --mtime (bad date string)");
++			}
++			break;
++		case OPTION_CLAMP_MTIME: /* GNU tar */
++			bsdtar->clamp_mtime = 1;
++			break;
+ #if 0
+ 		/*
+ 		 * The common BSD -P option is not necessary, since
+@@ -740,6 +755,8 @@
+ 			bsdtar->strip_components = (int)l;
+ 			break;
+ 		case 'T': /* GNU tar */
++			if (bsdtar->names_from_file)
++				lafe_errc(1, 0, "Multiple --files-from/-T options are not supported");
+ 			bsdtar->names_from_file = bsdtar->argument;
+ 			break;
+ 		case 't': /* SUSv2 */
+@@ -935,7 +952,7 @@
+ 		switch (compression) {
+ 		case 'J': case 'j': case 'y': case 'Z': case 'z':
+ 			strcpy(buff, "-?");
+-			buff[1] = compression;
++			buff[1] = (char)compression;
+ 			break;
+ 		default:
+ 			strcpy(buff, "--");
+@@ -959,6 +976,10 @@
+ 		only_mode(bsdtar, buff, "cru");
+ 	}
+ 
++	if (!bsdtar->has_mtime && bsdtar->clamp_mtime)
++		lafe_errc(1, 0,
++		    "--clamp-mtime is not valid without --mtime <date>");
++
+ 	/*
+ 	 * When creating an archive from a directory tree, the directory
+ 	 * walking code will already avoid entering directories when
+@@ -1005,7 +1026,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ static void
+-set_mode(struct bsdtar *bsdtar, char opt)
++set_mode(struct bsdtar *bsdtar, int opt)
+ {
+ 	if (bsdtar->mode != '\0' && bsdtar->mode != opt)
+ 		lafe_errc(1, 0,
+@@ -1063,6 +1084,8 @@
+ 	"  -z, -j, -J, --lzma  Compress archive with gzip/bzip2/xz/lzma\n"
+ 	"  --format {ustar|pax|cpio|shar}  Select archive format\n"
+ 	"  --exclude <pattern>  Skip files that match pattern\n"
++	"  --mtime <date>  Set modification times for added files\n"
++	"  --clamp-mtime   Only set modification times for files newer than --mtime\n"
+ 	"  -C <dir>  Change to <dir> before processing remaining files\n"
+ 	"  @<archive>  Add entries from <archive> to output\n"
+ 	"List: %p -t [options] [<patterns>]\n"
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/bsdtar.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/bsdtar.h
+@@ -42,10 +42,13 @@
+ 	int		  uid;  /* --uid */
+ 	const char	 *uname; /* --uname */
+ 	const char	 *passphrase; /* --passphrase */
+-	char		  mode; /* Program mode: 'c', 't', 'r', 'u', 'x' */
++	int		  mode; /* Program mode: 'c', 't', 'r', 'u', 'x' */
+ 	char		  symlink_mode; /* H or L, per BSD conventions */
+ 	const char	 *option_options; /* --options */
+ 	char		  day_first; /* show day before month in -tv output */
++	char		has_mtime; /* --mtime exists (0 or 1) */
++	char		clamp_mtime; /* --clamp-mtime (0 or 1)*/
++	time_t		mtime; /* --mtime */
+ 	struct creation_set *cset;
+ 
+ 	/* Option parser state */
+@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@
+ 
+ /* Fake short equivalents for long options that otherwise lack them. */
+ enum {
+-	OPTION_ACLS = 1,
++	OPTION_ACLS = 256,
+ 	OPTION_B64ENCODE,
+ 	OPTION_CHECK_LINKS,
+ 	OPTION_CHROOT,
+@@ -175,14 +178,17 @@
+ 	OPTION_VERSION,
+ 	OPTION_XATTRS,
+ 	OPTION_ZSTD,
++	OPTION_MTIME,
++	OPTION_CLAMP_MTIME,
+ };
+ 
+ int	bsdtar_getopt(struct bsdtar *);
+ void	do_chdir(struct bsdtar *);
+ int	edit_pathname(struct bsdtar *, struct archive_entry *);
++void	edit_mtime(struct bsdtar *, struct archive_entry *);
+ int	need_report(void);
+ int	pathcmp(const char *a, const char *b);
+-void	safe_fprintf(FILE *, const char *fmt, ...) __LA_PRINTF(2, 3);
++void	safe_fprintf(FILE * restrict, const char * restrict fmt, ...) __LA_PRINTF(2, 3);
+ void	set_chdir(struct bsdtar *, const char *newdir);
+ const char *tar_i64toa(int64_t);
+ void	tar_mode_c(struct bsdtar *bsdtar);
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/cmdline.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/cmdline.c
+@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
+ 	{ "cd",                   1, 'C' },
+ 	{ "check-links",          0, OPTION_CHECK_LINKS },
+ 	{ "chroot",               0, OPTION_CHROOT },
++	{ "clamp-mtime",          0, OPTION_CLAMP_MTIME },
+ 	{ "clear-nochange-fflags", 0, OPTION_CLEAR_NOCHANGE_FFLAGS },
+ 	{ "compress",             0, 'Z' },
+ 	{ "confirmation",         0, 'w' },
+@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@
+ 	{ "lzop",                 0, OPTION_LZOP },
+ 	{ "mac-metadata",         0, OPTION_MAC_METADATA },
+ 	{ "modification-time",    0, 'm' },
++	{ "mtime",                1, OPTION_MTIME },
+ 	{ "newer",		  1, OPTION_NEWER_CTIME },
+ 	{ "newer-ctime",	  1, OPTION_NEWER_CTIME },
+ 	{ "newer-ctime-than",	  1, OPTION_NEWER_CTIME_THAN },
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/subst.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/subst.c
+@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@
+ 
+ 		if (rule->from_begin && *result) {
+ 			realloc_strcat(result, name);
++			if (buffer) buffer[0] = 0;
+ 			realloc_strcat(&buffer, *result);
+ 			name = buffer;
+ 			(*result)[0] = 0;
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_list_item.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
++/*-SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ * Copyright (c) 2024 Tarsnap Backup Inc.
++ * All rights reserved.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++#include <winbase.h>
++#endif
++
++/* These lists of files come from 'test_list_archive.tar.uu', which includes
++ * the script which generated it. */
++
++static const char *tf_out =
++"f\n"
++"hl\n"
++"sl\n"
++"d/\n"
++"d/f\n"
++"fake-username\n"
++"fake-groupname\n"
++"f\n";
++
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++static const char *tvf_out =
++"-rw-r--r--  0 1000   1000        0 Jan 01  1980 f\n"
++"hrw-r--r--  0 1000   1000        0 Jan 01  1980 hl link to f\n"
++"lrwxr-xr-x  0 1000   1000        0 Jan 01  1980 sl -> f\n"
++"drwxrwxrwx  0 1000   1000        0 Jan 01  1980 d/\n"
++"-r--------  0 1000   1000        0 Jan 01  1980 d/f\n"
++"-rw-r--r--  0 long-fake-uname 1000        0 Jan 01  1980 fake-username\n"
++"-rw-r--r--  0 1000            long-fake-gname 0 Jan 01  1980 fake-groupname\n"
++"-rw-r--r--  0 1000            1000            0 Jan 01  1980 f\n";
++#else
++static const char *tvf_out =
++"-rw-r--r--  0 1000   1000        0 Jan  1  1980 f\n"
++"hrw-r--r--  0 1000   1000        0 Jan  1  1980 hl link to f\n"
++"lrwxr-xr-x  0 1000   1000        0 Jan  1  1980 sl -> f\n"
++"drwxrwxrwx  0 1000   1000        0 Jan  1  1980 d/\n"
++"-r--------  0 1000   1000        0 Jan  1  1980 d/f\n"
++"-rw-r--r--  0 long-fake-uname 1000        0 Jan  1  1980 fake-username\n"
++"-rw-r--r--  0 1000            long-fake-gname 0 Jan  1  1980 fake-groupname\n"
++"-rw-r--r--  0 1000            1000            0 Jan  1  1980 f\n";
++#endif
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_list_item)
++{
++	extract_reference_file("test_list_item.tar");
++
++	/* Run 'tf' and check output. */
++	assertEqualInt(0,
++	    systemf("%s tf test_list_item.tar >tf.out 2>tf.err", testprog));
++	failure("'t' mode should write results to stdout");
++	assertTextFileContents(tf_out, "tf.out");
++	assertEmptyFile("tf.err");
++
++	/* Run 'tvf' and check output. */
++	assertEqualInt(0,
++	    systemf("%s tvf test_list_item.tar >tvf.out 2>tvf.err", testprog));
++	failure("'t' mode with 'v' should write more results to stdout");
++	assertTextFileContents(tvf_out, "tvf.out");
++	assertEmptyFile("tvf.err");
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_list_item.tar.uu
+@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
++begin 644 test_list_item.tar
++M9@``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
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++`
++end
++#!/bin/sh
++
++set -e
++
++mkdir test-list-item
++cd test-list-item
++
++# Create files
++touch f
++ln f hl
++ln -s f sl
++
++mkdir d
++chmod 777 d
++touch d/f
++chmod 400 d/f
++
++touch fake-username
++touch fake-groupname
++
++# Set all the dates to 1980
++touch -d "1980-01-01T00:00:01" -h -a -m ./*
++touch -d "1980-01-01T00:00:01" -h -a -m d/*
++
++# Archive
++tar -cf test_list_item.tar				\
++	--uid 1000 --gid 1000				\
++	f hl sl d
++
++# Append to archive, with fake username and groupname
++tar --append -f test_list_item.tar			\
++	--uid 1000 --gid 1000				\
++	--uname long-fake-uname				\
++	fake-username
++tar --append -f test_list_item.tar			\
++	--uid 1000 --gid 1000				\
++	--gname long-fake-gname				\
++	fake-groupname
++# Add f again, to print with the expanded field lengths
++tar --append -f test_list_item.tar			\
++	--uid 1000 --gid 1000				\
++	f
++
++# uuencode for the test suite
++uuencode -o test_list_item.tar.uu test_list_item.tar test_list_item.tar
++
++# Append this script, and overwrite file in git
++cat ../"$0" >> test_list_item.tar.uu
++mv test_list_item.tar.uu ../
++
++# Don't delete the temporary directory; leave that up to the developer to
++# delete manually when they want to.
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_C_mtree.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_C_mtree.c
+@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
+ 	p0 = NULL;
+ 	char *content = "./foo type=file uname=root gname=root mode=0755\n";
+ 	char *filename = "output.tar";
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	char *p;
+ #endif
+ 
+@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
+ 	assertMakeDir("bar", 0775);
+ 	assertMakeFile("bar/foo", 0777, "abc");
+ 
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(CYGWIN)
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+ 	p = absolute_path;
+ 	while(*p != '\0') {
+ 		if (*p == '/')
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_P.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_P.c
+@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
+-/*-
+- * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+- *
+- * Copyright (c) 2024 Mostyn Bramley-Moore <mostyn@antipode.se>
+- */
+-
+-#include "test.h"
+-
+-#include <stdlib.h>
+-#include <string.h>
+-
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+-#define UNLINK _unlink
+-#else
+-#define UNLINK unlink
+-#endif
+-
+-DEFINE_TEST(test_extract_tar_absolute_paths)
+-{
+-	int r;
+-
+-	// Create an absolute path for a test file inside testworkdir.
+-	char *entry_suffix = "/tar-noabs";
+-	size_t entry_suffix_length = strlen(entry_suffix);
+-	size_t testworkdir_length = strlen(testworkdir);
+-	size_t temp_absolute_file_name_length = testworkdir_length + entry_suffix_length;
+-	char *temp_absolute_file_name = calloc(1, temp_absolute_file_name_length + 1); // +1 for null character.
+-	assertEqualInt(snprintf(temp_absolute_file_name, temp_absolute_file_name_length + 1, "%s%s", testworkdir, entry_suffix),
+-		temp_absolute_file_name_length);
+-
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+-	// I'm unsure how to specify paths with spaces for the test invocation on windows.
+-	// Adding quotes doesn't seem to work. We should find a way to escape these paths,
+-	// but for now let's fail in a place that's obviously related to the test setup if
+-	// testworkdir contains spaces.
+-	for (char *p = temp_absolute_file_name; *p != '\0'; p++)
+-	{
+-		assert(*p != ' ');
+-		if (*p == ' ') break;
+-	}
+-#endif
+-
+-	// Create the file.
+-	const char *sample_data = "test file from test_extract_tar_absolute_paths";
+-	assertMakeFile(temp_absolute_file_name, 0644, sample_data);
+-
+-	// Create an archive with the test file, using an absolute path.
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+-	r = systemf("%s --absolute-paths -cf test.tar %s", testprog, temp_absolute_file_name);
+-#else
+-	r = systemf("%s --absolute-paths -cf test.tar \"%s\"", testprog, temp_absolute_file_name);
+-#endif
+-	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+-
+-	UNLINK(temp_absolute_file_name);
+-
+-	// Extracting the archive without -P / --absolute-paths should strip leading drive letter or slash
+-	r = systemf("%s -xf test.tar 2>test.err", testprog);
+-	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+-	assertFileNotExists(temp_absolute_file_name);
+-
+-	// Check that the mangled path exists.
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+-	assertFileExists(temp_absolute_file_name + 3); // Skip the drive letter, colon and slash.
+-	UNLINK(temp_absolute_file_name + 3);
+-#else
+-	assertFileExists(temp_absolute_file_name + 1); // Skip the slash.
+-	UNLINK(temp_absolute_file_name + 1);
+-#endif
+-
+-	// Extracting the archive with -P / --absolute-paths should create the file.
+-	r = systemf("%s --absolute-paths -xf test.tar", testprog);
+-	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+-	assertFileExists(temp_absolute_file_name);
+-
+-	// Check that the mangled path wasn't created.
+-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+-	assertFileNotExists(temp_absolute_file_name + 3); // Skip the drive letter, colon and slash.
+-#else
+-	assertFileNotExists(temp_absolute_file_name + 1); // Skip the slash.
+-#endif
+-}
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_P_upper.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
++/*-
++ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ *
++ * Copyright (c) 2024 Mostyn Bramley-Moore <mostyn@antipode.se>
++ */
++
++#include "test.h"
++
++#include <stdlib.h>
++#include <string.h>
++
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++#define UNLINK _unlink
++#else
++#define UNLINK unlink
++#endif
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_extract_tar_absolute_paths)
++{
++	int r;
++
++	// Create an absolute path for a test file inside testworkdir.
++	char *entry_suffix = "/tar-noabs";
++	size_t entry_suffix_length = strlen(entry_suffix);
++	size_t testworkdir_length = strlen(testworkdir);
++	size_t temp_absolute_file_name_length = testworkdir_length + entry_suffix_length;
++	char *temp_absolute_file_name = calloc(1, temp_absolute_file_name_length + 1); // +1 for null character.
++	assertEqualInt(snprintf(temp_absolute_file_name, temp_absolute_file_name_length + 1, "%s%s", testworkdir, entry_suffix),
++		temp_absolute_file_name_length);
++
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++	// I'm unsure how to specify paths with spaces for the test invocation on windows.
++	// Adding quotes doesn't seem to work. We should find a way to escape these paths,
++	// but for now let's fail in a place that's obviously related to the test setup if
++	// testworkdir contains spaces.
++	for (char *p = temp_absolute_file_name; *p != '\0'; p++)
++	{
++		assert(*p != ' ');
++		if (*p == ' ') break;
++	}
++#endif
++
++	// Create the file.
++	const char *sample_data = "test file from test_extract_tar_absolute_paths";
++	assertMakeFile(temp_absolute_file_name, 0644, sample_data);
++
++	// Create an archive with the test file, using an absolute path.
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++	r = systemf("%s --absolute-paths -cf test.tar %s", testprog, temp_absolute_file_name);
++#else
++	r = systemf("%s --absolute-paths -cf test.tar \"%s\"", testprog, temp_absolute_file_name);
++#endif
++	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
++
++	UNLINK(temp_absolute_file_name);
++
++	// Extracting the archive without -P / --absolute-paths should strip leading drive letter or slash
++	r = systemf("%s -xf test.tar 2>test.err", testprog);
++	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
++	assertFileNotExists(temp_absolute_file_name);
++
++	// Check that the mangled path exists.
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++	assertFileExists(temp_absolute_file_name + 3); // Skip the drive letter, colon and slash.
++	UNLINK(temp_absolute_file_name + 3);
++#else
++	assertFileExists(temp_absolute_file_name + 1); // Skip the slash.
++	UNLINK(temp_absolute_file_name + 1);
++#endif
++
++	// Extracting the archive with -P / --absolute-paths should create the file.
++	r = systemf("%s --absolute-paths -xf test.tar", testprog);
++	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
++	assertFileExists(temp_absolute_file_name);
++
++	// Check that the mangled path wasn't created.
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++	assertFileNotExists(temp_absolute_file_name + 3); // Skip the drive letter, colon and slash.
++#else
++	assertFileNotExists(temp_absolute_file_name + 1); // Skip the slash.
++#endif
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_ignore_zeros.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_ignore_zeros.c
+@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@
+ 	// bsdtar.exe: b: Can't translate uname '(null)' to UTF-8
+ 	skipping("TODO: figure out why this test fails on github workflows with MSVC");
+ 	return;
+-#endif
+-
++#else
+ 	if (make_files())
+ 		return;
+ 
+@@ -97,6 +96,7 @@
+ 	assertEqualFile("out/a", "in/a");
+ 	assertEqualFile("out/b", "in/b");
+ 	assertEqualFile("out/c", "in/c");
++#endif
+ }
+ 
+ static void
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_mtime.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
++/*-
++ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ *
++ * Copyright (c) 2025 Zhaofeng Li
++ * All rights reserved.
++ */
++#include "test.h"
++
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++/* system() on Windows runs its arguments through CMD.EXE, which has
++ * notoriously unfriendly quoting rules. The current best documented way around
++ * them is to wrap your *entire commandline* in sacrificial quotes.
++ *
++ * See CMD.EXE /? for more information. Excerpted here:
++ * | Otherwise, old behavior is to see if the first character is
++ * | a quote character and if so, strip the leading character and
++ * | remove the last quote character on the command line, preserving
++ * | any text after the last quote character.
++ *
++ * Since this test makes heavy use of systemf() with quoted arguments inside
++ * the commandline, this macro is unfortunately an easier workaround.
++ */
++#define systemf(command, ...) systemf("\"" command "\"", __VA_ARGS__)
++#endif
++
++DEFINE_TEST(test_option_mtime)
++{
++	/* Create three files with different mtimes. */
++	assertMakeDir("in", 0755);
++	assertChdir("in");
++	assertMakeFile("new_mtime", 0666, "new");
++	assertUtimes("new_mtime", 100000, 0, 100000, 0);
++	assertMakeFile("mid_mtime", 0666, "mid");
++	assertUtimes("mid_mtime", 10000, 0, 10000, 0);
++	assertMakeFile("old_mtime", 0666, "old");
++	// assertion_utimes silently discards 0 :(
++	assertUtimes("old_mtime", 1, 0, 1, 0);
++
++	/* Archive with --mtime 86400 */
++	assertEqualInt(0,
++		systemf("%s --format pax -cf ../noclamp.tar "
++			"--mtime \"1970/1/2 0:0:0 UTC\" .",
++			testprog));
++	assertChdir("..");
++
++	assertMakeDir("out.noclamp", 0755);
++	assertChdir("out.noclamp");
++	assertEqualInt(0, systemf("%s xf ../noclamp.tar", testprog));
++	assertFileMtime("new_mtime", 86400, 0);
++	assertFileMtime("mid_mtime", 86400, 0);
++	assertFileMtime("old_mtime", 86400, 0);
++	assertChdir("..");
++
++	/* Archive with --mtime 86400 --clamp-mtime */
++	assertChdir("in");
++	assertEqualInt(0,
++		systemf("%s --format pax -cf ../clamp.tar "
++			"--mtime \"1970/1/2 0:0:0 UTC\" --clamp-mtime .",
++			testprog));
++	assertChdir("..");
++
++	assertMakeDir("out.clamp", 0755);
++	assertChdir("out.clamp");
++	assertEqualInt(0, systemf("%s xf ../clamp.tar", testprog));
++	assertFileMtime("new_mtime", 86400, 0);
++	assertFileMtime("mid_mtime", 10000, 0);
++	assertFileMtime("old_mtime", 1, 0);
++	assertChdir("..");
++
++	/* Archive-to-archive copy with --mtime 0 */
++	assertEqualInt(0,
++		systemf("%s --format pax -cf ./archive2archive.tar "
++			"--mtime \"1970/1/1 0:0:0 UTC\" @noclamp.tar",
++			testprog));
++	assertMakeDir("out.archive2archive", 0755);
++	assertChdir("out.archive2archive");
++	assertEqualInt(0, systemf("%s xf ../archive2archive.tar", testprog));
++	assertFileMtime("new_mtime", 0, 0);
++	assertFileMtime("mid_mtime", 0, 0);
++	assertFileMtime("old_mtime", 0, 0);
++	assertChdir("..");
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_s.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_option_s.c
+@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
+ 	assertFileContents("bar", 3, "test4/in/d1/baz");
+ 
+ 	/*
+-	 * Test 4b: Multiple substitutions behavior with option b).
++	 * Test 4b: Multiple substitutions behavior with option b.
+ 	 */
+ 	assertMakeDir("test4b", 0755);
+ 	systemf("%s -cf test4b.tar in/d1/foo in/d1/bar",
+@@ -80,6 +80,18 @@
+ 	assertFileContents("foo", 3, "test4b/in/d1/faz");
+ 	assertFileContents("bar", 3, "test4b/in/d1/baz");
+ 
++	/*
++	 * Test 4bb: Multiple substitutions with option b
++	 * (libarchive/libarchive#2414 GitHub issue regression test).
++	 */
++	assertMakeDir("test4bb", 0755);
++	systemf("%s -cf test4bb.tar in/d1/foo in/d1/bar",
++	    testprog);
++	systemf("%s -xf test4bb.tar -s /oo/ar/ -s }ar}az}b -s :az:end:b -C test4bb",
++	    testprog);
++	assertFileContents("foo", 3, "test4bb/in/d1/fend");
++	assertFileContents("bar", 3, "test4bb/in/d1/bend");
++
+ 	/*
+ 	 * Test 5: Name-switching substitutions when extracting archive.
+ 	 */
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_stdio.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/test/test_stdio.c
+@@ -6,6 +6,28 @@
+  */
+ #include "test.h"
+ 
++/*
++ * This data would fit onto one line, but it's easier to understand when it's
++ * on mulitple lines (and thus matches the output files).
++ */
++static const char *cvf_err =
++"a f\n"
++"a l\n";
++
++static const char *tf_out =
++"f\n"
++"l\n";
++
++static const char *xvf_err =
++"x f\n"
++"x l\n";
++
++/*
++ * This string should appear in the verbose listing regardless of platform,
++ * locale, username, or groupname.
++ */
++static const char * tvf_contains = "l link to f";
++
+ DEFINE_TEST(test_stdio)
+ {
+ 	FILE *filelist;
+@@ -47,35 +69,43 @@
+ 	failure("'cv' writes filenames to stderr, nothing to stdout (SUSv2)\n"
+ 	    "Note that GNU tar writes the file list to stdout by default.");
+ 	assertEmptyFile("cvf.out");
+-	/* TODO: Verify cvf.err has file list in SUSv2-prescribed format. */
++	assertTextFileContents(cvf_err, "cvf.err");
+ 
+ 	/* 'cvf -' should generate file list on stderr, archive on stdout. */
+ 	r = systemf("%s cvf - f l >cvf-.out 2>cvf-.err", testprog);
+ 	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+ 	failure("cvf - should write archive to stdout");
+-	/* TODO: Verify cvf-.out has archive. */
+ 	failure("cvf - should write file list to stderr (SUSv2)");
+-	/* TODO: Verify cvf-.err has verbose file list. */
++	assertEqualFile("cvf.err", "cvf-.err");
++	/* Check that stdout from 'cvf -' was a valid archive. */
++	r = systemf("%s tf cvf-.out >cvf-tf.out 2>cvf-tf.err", testprog);
++	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
++	assertEmptyFile("cvf-tf.err");
++	assertTextFileContents(tf_out, "cvf-tf.out");
+ 
+ 	/* 'tf' should generate file list on stdout, empty stderr. */
+ 	r = systemf("%s tf archive >tf.out 2>tf.err", testprog);
+ 	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+ 	assertEmptyFile("tf.err");
+ 	failure("'t' mode should write results to stdout");
+-	/* TODO: Verify tf.out has file list. */
++	assertTextFileContents(tf_out, "tf.out");
+ 
+ 	/* 'tvf' should generate file list on stdout, empty stderr. */
+ 	r = systemf("%s tvf archive >tvf.out 2>tvf.err", testprog);
+ 	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+ 	assertEmptyFile("tvf.err");
+ 	failure("'tv' mode should write results to stdout");
+-	/* TODO: Verify tvf.out has file list. */
++	/* Check that it contains a string only found in the verbose listing. */
++	p = slurpfile(&s, "%s", "tvf.out");
++	assert(strstr(p, tvf_contains) != NULL);
++	free(p);
+ 
+ 	/* 'tvf -' uses stdin, file list on stdout, empty stderr. */
+ 	r = systemf("%s tvf - < archive >tvf-.out 2>tvf-.err", testprog);
+ 	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+ 	assertEmptyFile("tvf-.err");
+-	/* TODO: Verify tvf-.out has file list. */
++	failure("'tvf-' mode should write the same results as 'tvf'");
++	assertEqualFile("tvf.out", "tvf-.out");
+ 
+ 	/* Basic 'xf' should generate no output on stdout or stderr. */
+ 	r = systemf("%s xf archive >xf.out 2>xf.err", testprog);
+@@ -87,7 +117,7 @@
+ 	r = systemf("%s xvf archive >xvf.out 2>xvf.err", testprog);
+ 	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+ 	assertEmptyFile("xvf.out");
+-	/* TODO: Verify xvf.err */
++	assertTextFileContents(xvf_err, "xvf.err");
+ 
+ 	/* 'xvOf' should generate list on stderr, file contents on stdout. */
+ 	r = systemf("%s xvOf archive >xvOf.out 2>xvOf.err", testprog);
+@@ -96,12 +126,12 @@
+ 	p = slurpfile(&s, "xvOf.out");
+ 	assertEqualInt((int)s, 3);
+ 	assertEqualMem(p, "abc", 3);
+-	/* TODO: Verify xvf.err */
++	assertEqualFile("xvf.err", "xvOf.err");
+ 	free(p);
+ 
+ 	/* 'xvf -' should generate list on stderr, empty stdout. */
+ 	r = systemf("%s xvf - < archive >xvf-.out 2>xvf-.err", testprog);
+ 	assertEqualInt(r, 0);
+ 	assertEmptyFile("xvf-.out");
+-	/* TODO: Verify xvf-.err */
++	assertEqualFile("xvf.err", "xvf-.err");
+ }
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/util.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/util.c
+@@ -67,26 +67,26 @@
+  * malloc()), partly out of expedience (we have to call vsnprintf()
+  * before malloc() anyway to find out how big a buffer we need; we may
+  * as well point that first call at a small local buffer in case it
+- * works), but mostly for safety (so we can use this to print messages
+- * about out-of-memory conditions).
++ * works).
+  */
+ 
+ void
+-safe_fprintf(FILE *f, const char *fmt, ...)
++safe_fprintf(FILE * restrict f, const char * restrict fmt, ...)
+ {
+ 	char fmtbuff_stack[256]; /* Place to format the printf() string. */
+ 	char outbuff[256]; /* Buffer for outgoing characters. */
+ 	char *fmtbuff_heap; /* If fmtbuff_stack is too small, we use malloc */
+ 	char *fmtbuff;  /* Pointer to fmtbuff_stack or fmtbuff_heap. */
+-	int fmtbuff_length;
++	size_t fmtbuff_length;
+ 	int length, n;
+ 	va_list ap;
+ 	const char *p;
+-	unsigned i;
++	size_t i;
+ 	wchar_t wc;
+ 	char try_wc;
+ 
+ 	/* Use a stack-allocated buffer if we can, for speed and safety. */
++	memset(fmtbuff_stack, '\0', sizeof(fmtbuff_stack));
+ 	fmtbuff_heap = NULL;
+ 	fmtbuff_length = sizeof(fmtbuff_stack);
+ 	fmtbuff = fmtbuff_stack;
+@@ -96,17 +96,21 @@
+ 	length = vsnprintf(fmtbuff, fmtbuff_length, fmt, ap);
+ 	va_end(ap);
+ 
++	/* If vsnprintf will always fail, stop early. */
++	if (length < 0 && errno == EOVERFLOW)
++		return;
++
+ 	/* If the result was too large, allocate a buffer on the heap. */
+-	while (length < 0 || length >= fmtbuff_length) {
+-		if (length >= fmtbuff_length)
+-			fmtbuff_length = length+1;
++	while (length < 0 || (size_t)length >= fmtbuff_length) {
++		if (length >= 0 && (size_t)length >= fmtbuff_length)
++			fmtbuff_length = (size_t)length + 1;
+ 		else if (fmtbuff_length < 8192)
+ 			fmtbuff_length *= 2;
+ 		else if (fmtbuff_length < 1000000)
+ 			fmtbuff_length += fmtbuff_length / 4;
+ 		else {
+-			length = fmtbuff_length;
+-			fmtbuff_heap[length-1] = '\0';
++			fmtbuff[fmtbuff_length - 1] = '\0';
++			length = (int)strlen(fmtbuff);
+ 			break;
+ 		}
+ 		free(fmtbuff_heap);
+@@ -121,8 +125,9 @@
+ 		} else {
+ 			/* Leave fmtbuff pointing to the truncated
+ 			 * string in fmtbuff_stack. */
++			fmtbuff_stack[sizeof(fmtbuff_stack) - 1] = '\0';
+ 			fmtbuff = fmtbuff_stack;
+-			length = sizeof(fmtbuff_stack) - 1;
++			length = (int)strlen(fmtbuff);
+ 			break;
+ 		}
+ 	}
+@@ -153,13 +158,13 @@
+ 			} else {
+ 				/* Not printable, format the bytes. */
+ 				while (n-- > 0)
+-					i += (unsigned)bsdtar_expand_char(
++					i += bsdtar_expand_char(
+ 					    outbuff, sizeof(outbuff), i, *p++);
+ 			}
+ 		} else {
+ 			/* After any conversion failure, don't bother
+ 			 * trying to convert the rest. */
+-			i += (unsigned)bsdtar_expand_char(outbuff, sizeof(outbuff), i, *p++);
++			i += bsdtar_expand_char(outbuff, sizeof(outbuff), i, *p++);
+ 			try_wc = 0;
+ 		}
+ 
+@@ -202,7 +207,8 @@
+ 		case '\v': buff[i++] = 'v'; break;
+ 		case '\\': buff[i++] = '\\'; break;
+ 		default:
+-			snprintf(buff + i, buffsize - i, "%03o", 0xFF & (int)c);
++			snprintf(buff + i, buffsize - i, "%03o",
++			    0xFF & (unsigned int)c);
+ 			i += 3;
+ 		}
+ 	}
+@@ -328,7 +334,7 @@
+ 		return;
+ 
+ 	if (chdir(bsdtar->pending_chdir) != 0) {
+-		lafe_errc(1, 0, "could not chdir to '%s'\n",
++		lafe_errc(1, 0, "could not chdir to '%s'",
+ 		    bsdtar->pending_chdir);
+ 	}
+ 	free(bsdtar->pending_chdir);
+@@ -561,6 +567,20 @@
+ 	return (0);
+ }
+ 
++/*
++ * Apply --mtime and --clamp-mtime options.
++ */
++void
++edit_mtime(struct bsdtar *bsdtar, struct archive_entry *entry)
++{
++	if (!bsdtar->has_mtime)
++		return;
++
++	__LA_TIME_T entry_mtime = archive_entry_mtime(entry);
++	if (!bsdtar->clamp_mtime || entry_mtime > bsdtar->mtime)
++		archive_entry_set_mtime(entry, bsdtar->mtime, 0);
++}
++
+ /*
+  * It would be nice to just use printf() for formatting large numbers,
+  * but the compatibility problems are quite a headache.  Hence the
+@@ -684,7 +704,7 @@
+ 	}
+ 	if (!now)
+ 		time(&now);
+-	fprintf(out, "%s %d ",
++	fprintf(out, "%s %u ",
+ 	    archive_entry_strmode(entry),
+ 	    archive_entry_nlink(entry));
+ 
+@@ -748,7 +768,10 @@
+ #else
+ 	ltime = localtime(&tim);
+ #endif
+-	strftime(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmt, ltime);
++	if (ltime)
++		strftime(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmt, ltime);
++	else
++		sprintf(tmp, "-- -- ----");
+ 	fprintf(out, " %s ", tmp);
+ 	safe_fprintf(out, "%s", archive_entry_pathname(entry));
+ 
+--- contrib/libarchive/tar/write.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/tar/write.c
+@@ -682,6 +682,7 @@
+ 		if ((bsdtar->flags & OPTFLAG_INTERACTIVE) &&
+ 		    !yes("copy '%s'", archive_entry_pathname(in_entry)))
+ 			continue;
++		edit_mtime(bsdtar, in_entry);
+ 		if (bsdtar->verbose > 1) {
+ 			safe_fprintf(stderr, "a ");
+ 			list_item_verbose(bsdtar, stderr, in_entry);
+@@ -908,6 +909,9 @@
+ 		if (edit_pathname(bsdtar, entry))
+ 			continue;
+ 
++		/* Rewrite the mtime. */
++		edit_mtime(bsdtar, entry);
++
+ 		/* Display entry as we process it. */
+ 		if (bsdtar->verbose > 1) {
+ 			safe_fprintf(stderr, "a ");
+--- contrib/libarchive/test_utils/test_common.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/test_utils/test_common.h
+@@ -467,4 +467,4 @@
+ 
+ #include "test_utils.h"
+ 
+-#endif	/* TEST_COMMON_H */
++#endif	/* !TEST_COMMON_H */
+--- contrib/libarchive/test_utils/test_main.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/test_utils/test_main.c
+@@ -370,6 +370,8 @@
+ static int dump_on_failure = 0;
+ /* Default is to remove temp dirs and log data for successful tests. */
+ static int keep_temp_files = 0;
++/* Default is to only return a failure code (1) if there were test failures. If enabled, exit with code 2 if there were no failures, but some tests were skipped. */
++static int fail_if_tests_skipped = 0;
+ /* Default is to run the specified tests once and report errors. */
+ static int until_failure = 0;
+ /* Default is to just report pass/fail for each test. */
+@@ -609,9 +611,10 @@
+ assertion_chmod(const char *file, int line, const char *pathname, int mode)
+ {
+ 	assertion_count(file, line);
+-	if (chmod(pathname, mode) == 0)
++	if (chmod(pathname, (mode_t)mode) == 0)
+ 		return (1);
+-	failure_start(file, line, "chmod(\"%s\", %4.o)", pathname, mode);
++	failure_start(file, line, "chmod(\"%s\", %4.o)", pathname,
++	    (unsigned int)mode);
+ 	failure_finish(NULL);
+ 	return (0);
+ 
+@@ -626,8 +629,10 @@
+ 	if (v1 == v2)
+ 		return (1);
+ 	failure_start(file, line, "%s != %s", e1, e2);
+-	logprintf("      %s=%lld (0x%llx, 0%llo)\n", e1, v1, v1, v1);
+-	logprintf("      %s=%lld (0x%llx, 0%llo)\n", e2, v2, v2, v2);
++	logprintf("      %s=%lld (0x%llx, 0%llo)\n", e1, v1,
++	    (unsigned long long)v1, (unsigned long long)v1);
++	logprintf("      %s=%lld (0x%llx, 0%llo)\n", e2, v2,
++	    (unsigned long long)v2, (unsigned long long)v2);
+ 	failure_finish(extra);
+ 	return (0);
+ }
+@@ -755,7 +760,7 @@
+ 		case '\r': logprintf("\\r"); break;
+ 		default:
+ 			if (c >= 32 && c < 127)
+-				logprintf("%c", c);
++				logprintf("%c", (int)c);
+ 			else
+ 				logprintf("\\x%02X", c);
+ 		}
+@@ -829,7 +834,7 @@
+ 	while (*w != L'\0') {
+ 		unsigned int c = *w++;
+ 		if (c >= 32 && c < 127)
+-			logprintf("%c", c);
++			logprintf("%c", (int)c);
+ 		else if (c < 256)
+ 			logprintf("\\x%02X", c);
+ 		else if (c < 0x10000)
+@@ -896,7 +901,7 @@
+ 		for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < l; j++) {
+ 			if (ref != NULL && p[i + j] != ref[i + j])
+ 				sep = '_';
+-			logprintf("%c%02x", sep, 0xff & (int)p[i+j]);
++			logprintf("%c%02x", sep, 0xff & (unsigned int)p[i+j]);
+ 			if (ref != NULL && p[i + j] == ref[i + j])
+ 				sep = ' ';
+ 		}
+@@ -1600,7 +1605,7 @@
+ 	if (r == 0 && mode == expected_mode)
+ 			return (1);
+ 	failure_start(file, line, "File %s has mode %o, expected %o",
+-	    pathname, mode, expected_mode);
++	    pathname, (unsigned int)mode, (unsigned int)expected_mode);
+ #endif
+ 	failure_finish(NULL);
+ 	return (0);
+@@ -1710,8 +1715,8 @@
+ 	/* TODO: Can we do better here? */
+ 	if (mode >= 0 && (mode_t)mode != (st.st_mode & 07777)) {
+ 		failure_start(file, line, "Dir %s has wrong mode", pathname);
+-		logprintf("  Expected: 0%3o\n", mode);
+-		logprintf("  Found: 0%3o\n", st.st_mode & 07777);
++		logprintf("  Expected: 0%3o\n", (unsigned int)mode);
++		logprintf("  Found: 0%3o\n", (unsigned int)st.st_mode & 07777);
+ 		failure_finish(NULL);
+ 		return (0);
+ 	}
+@@ -1743,8 +1748,8 @@
+ 	/* TODO: Can we do better here? */
+ 	if (mode >= 0 && (mode_t)mode != (st.st_mode & 07777)) {
+ 		failure_start(file, line, "File %s has wrong mode", pathname);
+-		logprintf("  Expected: 0%3o\n", mode);
+-		logprintf("  Found: 0%3o\n", st.st_mode & 07777);
++		logprintf("  Expected: 0%3o\n", (unsigned int)mode);
++		logprintf("  Found: 0%3o\n", (unsigned int)st.st_mode & 07777);
+ 		failure_finish(NULL);
+ 		return (0);
+ 	}
+@@ -1945,8 +1950,8 @@
+ 	if (0 == _mkdir(dirname))
+ 		return (1);
+ #else
+-	if (0 == mkdir(dirname, mode)) {
+-		if (0 == chmod(dirname, mode)) {
++	if (0 == mkdir(dirname, (mode_t)mode)) {
++		if (0 == chmod(dirname, (mode_t)mode)) {
+ 			assertion_file_mode(file, line, dirname, mode);
+ 			return (1);
+ 		}
+@@ -2000,9 +2005,9 @@
+ 		return (0);
+ 	}
+ #ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD
+-	if (0 != fchmod(fd, mode))
++	if (0 != fchmod(fd, (mode_t)mode))
+ #else
+-	if (0 != chmod(path, mode))
++	if (0 != chmod(path, (mode_t)mode))
+ #endif
+ 	{
+ 		failure_start(file, line, "Could not chmod %s", path);
+@@ -2091,7 +2096,7 @@
+ 	assertion_count(file, line);
+ 	(void)file; /* UNUSED */
+ 	(void)line; /* UNUSED */
+-	umask(mask);
++	umask((mode_t)mask);
+ 	return (1);
+ }
+ 
+@@ -2103,7 +2108,7 @@
+ 	int r;
+ 
+ #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+-#define WINTIME(sec, nsec) ((Int32x32To64(sec, 10000000) + EPOC_TIME)\
++#define WINTIME(sec, nsec) (((sec * 10000000LL) + EPOC_TIME)\
+ 	 + (((nsec)/1000)*10))
+ 	HANDLE h;
+ 	ULARGE_INTEGER wintm;
+@@ -2451,7 +2456,7 @@
+ 
+ 	/* Skip arbitrary third-party version numbers. */
+ 	while (s > 0 && (*q == ' ' || *q == '-' || *q == '/' || *q == '.' ||
+-	    isalnum((unsigned char)*q))) {
++	    *q == '_' || isalnum((unsigned char)*q))) {
+ 		++q;
+ 		--s;
+ 	}
+@@ -3317,7 +3322,8 @@
+ 			ret = 1;
+ 			failure_start(file, line, "type=%#010x, "
+ 			    "permset=%#010x, tag=%d, qual=%d name=%s",
+-			    acls[i].type, acls[i].permset, acls[i].tag,
++			    (unsigned int)acls[i].type,
++			    (unsigned int)acls[i].permset, acls[i].tag,
+ 			    acls[i].qual, acls[i].name);
+ 			failure_finish(NULL);
+ 		}
+@@ -3411,8 +3417,9 @@
+ 			}
+ 			if ((permset << 6) != (mode & 0700)) {
+ 				failure_start(file, line, "USER_OBJ permset "
+-				    "(%02o) != user mode (%02o)", permset,
+-				    07 & (mode >> 6));
++				    "(%02o) != user mode (%02o)",
++				    (unsigned int)permset,
++				    (unsigned int)(07 & (mode >> 6)));
+ 				failure_finish(NULL);
+ 				ret = 1;
+ 			}
+@@ -3426,8 +3433,9 @@
+ 			}
+ 			if ((permset << 3) != (mode & 0070)) {
+ 				failure_start(file, line, "GROUP_OBJ permset "
+-				    "(%02o) != group mode (%02o)", permset,
+-				    07 & (mode >> 3));
++				    "(%02o) != group mode (%02o)",
++				    (unsigned int)permset,
++				    (unsigned int)(07 & (mode >> 3)));
+ 				failure_finish(NULL);
+ 				ret = 1;
+ 			}
+@@ -3441,15 +3449,17 @@
+ 			}
+ 			if ((permset << 0) != (mode & 0007)) {
+ 				failure_start(file, line, "OTHER permset "
+-				    "(%02o) != other mode (%02o)", permset,
+-				    mode & 07);
++				    "(%02o) != other mode (%02o)",
++				    (unsigned int)permset,
++				    (unsigned int)mode & 07);
+ 				failure_finish(NULL);
+ 				ret = 1;
+ 			}
+ 		} else if (matched != 1) {
+ 			failure_start(file, line, "Could not find match for "
+ 			    "ACL (type=%#010x,permset=%#010x,tag=%d,qual=%d,"
+-			    "name=``%s'')", type, permset, tag, qual, name);
++			    "name=``%s'')", (unsigned int)type,
++			    (unsigned int)permset, tag, qual, name);
+ 			failure_finish(NULL);
+ 			ret = 1;
+ 		}
+@@ -3462,14 +3472,16 @@
+ 	if ((want_type & ARCHIVE_ENTRY_ACL_TYPE_ACCESS) != 0 &&
+ 	    (mode_t)(mode & 0777) != (archive_entry_mode(ae) & 0777)) {
+ 		failure_start(file, line, "Mode (%02o) and entry mode (%02o) "
+-		    "mismatch", mode, archive_entry_mode(ae));
++		    "mismatch", (unsigned int)mode,
++		    (unsigned int)archive_entry_mode(ae));
+ 		failure_finish(NULL);
+ 		ret = 1;
+ 	}
+ 	if (n != 0) {
+ 		failure_start(file, line, "Could not find match for ACL "
+ 		    "(type=%#010x,permset=%#010x,tag=%d,qual=%d,name=``%s'')",
+-		    acls[marker[0]].type, acls[marker[0]].permset,
++		    (unsigned int)acls[marker[0]].type,
++		    (unsigned int)acls[marker[0]].permset,
+ 		    acls[marker[0]].tag, acls[marker[0]].qual,
+ 		    acls[marker[0]].name);
+ 		failure_finish(NULL);
+@@ -3526,7 +3538,7 @@
+ 		fflush(stdout);
+ 		break;
+ 	case VERBOSITY_PASSFAIL:
+-		printf(failed ? "FAIL\n" : skips_num ? "ok (S)\n" : "ok\n");
++		printf(failed ? "FAIL\n" : skips_num ? "skipped\n" : "ok\n");
+ 		break;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -3534,7 +3546,7 @@
+ 
+ 	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(failed_lines)/sizeof(failed_lines[0]); i++) {
+ 		if (failed_lines[i].count > 1 && !failed_lines[i].skip)
+-			logprintf("%s:%d: Summary: Failed %d times\n",
++			logprintf("%s:%u: Summary: Failed %d times\n",
+ 			    failed_filename, i, failed_lines[i].count);
+ 	}
+ 	/* Clear the failure history for the next file. */
+@@ -3542,6 +3554,59 @@
+ 	memset(failed_lines, 0, sizeof(failed_lines));
+ }
+ 
++/*
++ * Set or unset environment variable.
++ */
++static void
++set_environment(const char *key, const char *value)
++{
++
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++	if (!SetEnvironmentVariable(key, value)) {
++		fprintf(stderr, "SetEnvironmentVariable failed with %d\n",
++		    (int)GetLastError());
++	}
++#else
++	if (value == NULL) {
++		if (unsetenv(key) == -1)
++			fprintf(stderr, "unsetenv: %s\n", strerror(errno));
++	} else {
++		if (setenv(key, value, 1) == -1)
++			fprintf(stderr, "setenv: %s\n", strerror(errno));
++	}
++#endif
++}
++
++/*
++ * Enforce C locale for (sub)processes.
++ */
++static void
++set_c_locale(void)
++{
++	static const char *lcs[] = {
++		"LC_ADDRESS",
++		"LC_ALL",
++		"LC_COLLATE",
++		"LC_CTYPE",
++		"LC_IDENTIFICATION",
++		"LC_MEASUREMENT",
++		"LC_MESSAGES",
++		"LC_MONETARY",
++		"LC_NAME",
++		"LC_NUMERIC",
++		"LC_PAPER",
++		"LC_TELEPHONE",
++		"LC_TIME",
++		NULL
++	};
++	size_t i;
++
++	setlocale(LC_ALL, "C");
++	set_environment("LANG", "C");
++	for (i = 0; lcs[i] != NULL; i++)
++		set_environment(lcs[i], NULL);
++}
++
+ /*
+  * Actually run a single test, with appropriate setup and cleanup.
+  */
+@@ -3553,10 +3618,11 @@
+ #else
+ 	char workdir[1024 * 2];
+ #endif
+-	char logfilename[64];
++	char logfilename[256];
+ 	int failures_before = failures;
+ 	int skips_before = skips;
+-	int oldumask;
++	int tmp;
++	mode_t oldumask;
+ 
+ 	switch (verbosity) {
+ 	case VERBOSITY_SUMMARY_ONLY: /* No per-test reports at all */
+@@ -3576,11 +3642,38 @@
+ 		exit(1);
+ 	}
+ 	/* Create a log file for this test. */
+-	snprintf(logfilename, sizeof(logfilename), "%s.log", tests[i].name);
++	tmp = snprintf(logfilename, sizeof(logfilename), "%s.log", tests[i].name);
++	if (tmp < 0) {
++		fprintf(stderr,
++			"ERROR can't create %s.log: %s\n",
++			tests[i].name, strerror(errno));
++		exit(1);
++	}
++	if ((size_t)tmp >= sizeof(logfilename)) {
++		fprintf(stderr,
++			"ERROR can't create %s.log: Name too long. "
++				"Length %d; Max allowed length %zu\n",
++			tests[i].name, tmp, sizeof(logfilename) - 1);
++		exit(1);
++	}
+ 	logfile = fopen(logfilename, "w");
+ 	fprintf(logfile, "%s\n\n", tests[i].name);
+ 	/* Chdir() to a work dir for this specific test. */
+-	snprintf(workdir, sizeof(workdir), "%s/%s", tmpdir, tests[i].name);
++	tmp = snprintf(workdir,
++		sizeof(workdir), "%s/%s", tmpdir, tests[i].name);
++	if (tmp < 0) {
++		fprintf(stderr,
++			"ERROR can't create %s/%s: %s\n",
++			tmpdir, tests[i].name, strerror(errno));
++		exit(1);
++	}
++	if ((size_t)tmp >= sizeof(workdir)) {
++		fprintf(stderr,
++			"ERROR can't create %s/%s: Path too long. "
++			"Length %d; Max allowed length %zu\n",
++			tmpdir, tests[i].name, tmp, sizeof(workdir) - 1);
++		exit(1);
++	}
+ 	testworkdir = workdir;
+ 	if (!assertMakeDir(testworkdir, 0755)
+ 	    || !assertChdir(testworkdir)) {
+@@ -3589,7 +3682,7 @@
+ 		exit(1);
+ 	}
+ 	/* Explicitly reset the locale before each test. */
+-	setlocale(LC_ALL, "C");
++	set_c_locale();
+ 	/* Record the umask before we run the test. */
+ 	umask(oldumask = umask(0));
+ 	/*
+@@ -3603,7 +3696,7 @@
+ 	/* Restore umask */
+ 	umask(oldumask);
+ 	/* Reset locale. */
+-	setlocale(LC_ALL, "C");
++	set_c_locale();
+ 	/* Reset directory. */
+ 	if (!assertChdir(tmpdir)) {
+ 		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Couldn't chdir to temp dir %s\n",
+@@ -3672,7 +3765,8 @@
+ 	printf("  -q  Quiet.\n");
+ 	printf("  -r <dir>   Path to dir containing reference files.\n");
+ 	printf("      Default: Current directory.\n");
+-	printf("  -u  Keep running specifies tests until one fails.\n");
++	printf("  -s  Exit with code 2 if any tests were skipped.\n");
++	printf("  -u  Keep running specified tests until one fails.\n");
+ 	printf("  -v  Verbose.\n");
+ 	printf("Available tests:\n");
+ 	for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
+@@ -4065,6 +4159,9 @@
+ 			case 'r':
+ 				refdir = option_arg;
+ 				break;
++			case 's':
++				fail_if_tests_skipped = 1;
++				break;
+ 			case 'u':
+ 				until_failure++;
+ 				break;
+@@ -4118,6 +4215,19 @@
+ 		strncat(testprg, "\"", testprg_len);
+ 		testprog = testprg;
+ 	}
++
++	/* Sanity check: reject a relative path for refdir. */
++	if (refdir != NULL) {
++#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
++		/* TODO: probably use PathIsRelative() from <shlwapi.h>. */
++#else
++		if (refdir[0] != '/') {
++			fprintf(stderr,
++			    "ERROR: Cannot use relative path for refdir\n");
++			exit(1);
++		}
++#endif
++	}
+ #endif
+ 
+ #if !defined(_WIN32) && defined(SIGPIPE)
+@@ -4263,5 +4373,9 @@
+ 	assertChdir("..");
+ 	rmdir(tmpdir);
+ 
+-	return (tests_failed ? 1 : 0);
++	if (tests_failed) return 1;
++
++	if (fail_if_tests_skipped == 1 && skips > 0) return 2;
++
++	return 0;
+ }
+--- contrib/libarchive/test_utils/test_utils.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/test_utils/test_utils.c
+@@ -109,3 +109,51 @@
+ 	}
+ 	fill_with_pseudorandom_data_seed(seed, buffer, size);
+ }
++
++unsigned long
++bitcrc32(unsigned long c, const void *_p, size_t s)
++{
++	/* This is a drop-in replacement for crc32() from zlib.
++	 * Libarchive should be able to correctly read archives (including
++	 * correct CRCs) even when zlib is unavailable, and this function
++	 * helps us verify that. Yes, this is very, very slow and unsuitable
++	 * for production use, but it's obviously correct, compact, and
++	 * works well enough for this particular usage. Libarchive
++	 * internally uses a much more efficient implementation if zlib is
++	 * unavailable. */
++	const unsigned char *p = _p;
++	char bitctr;
++
++	if (p == NULL)
++		return (0);
++
++	for (; s > 0; --s) {
++		c ^= *p++;
++		for (bitctr = 8; bitctr > 0; --bitctr) {
++			if (c & 1) c = (c >> 1);
++			else	   c = (c >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320;
++			c ^= 0x80000000;
++		}
++	}
++	return (c);
++}
++
++/* Read little-endian integers */
++unsigned short
++i2le(const void* p_)
++{
++	const unsigned char *p = p_;
++	return (p[0] | (p[1] << 8));
++}
++unsigned int
++i4le(const void* p_)
++{
++	const char *p = p_;
++	return (i2le(p) | (i2le(p + 2) << 16));
++}
++unsigned long long
++i8le(const void* p_)
++{
++	const char *p = p_;
++	return (i4le(p) | ((unsigned long long)i4le(p + 4) << 32));
++}
+--- contrib/libarchive/test_utils/test_utils.h.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/test_utils/test_utils.h
+@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@
+ #include <stdint.h>
+ 
+ /* Fill a buffer with pseudorandom data */
+-void fill_with_pseudorandom_data(void* buffer, size_t size);
+-
+-#endif /* TEST_UTILS_H */
++void fill_with_pseudorandom_data(void*, size_t);
++/* A simplistic CRC-32 function for testing purposes */
++unsigned long bitcrc32(unsigned long, const void*, size_t);
++/* Read little-endian integers */
++unsigned short i2le(const void*);
++unsigned int i4le(const void*);
++unsigned long long i8le(const void*);
++#endif /* !TEST_UTILS_H */
+--- contrib/libarchive/unzip/bsdunzip.c.orig
++++ contrib/libarchive/unzip/bsdunzip.c
+@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
+ #include "bsdunzip_platform.h"
+ 
+ #include "la_queue.h"
++#include "la_getline.h"
+ #ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
+ #include <sys/stat.h>
+ #endif
+@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@
+ static char *passphrase_buf;
+ 
+ /* fatal error message + errno */
+-static void
++static void __LA_NORETURN
+ error(const char *fmt, ...)
+ {
+ 	va_list ap;
+@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@
+ }
+ 
+ /* fatal error message, no errno */
+-static void
++static void __LA_NORETURN
+ errorx(const char *fmt, ...)
+ {
+ 	va_list ap;
+@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@
+ 	}
+ 	if (L_opt) {
+ 		for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+-			str[i] = tolower((unsigned char)path[i]);
++			str[i] = (char)tolower((unsigned char)path[i]);
+ 	} else {
+ 		memcpy(str, path, len);
+ 	}
+@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@
+ 		 */
+ 		(void)unlink(path);
+ 	}
+-	if (mkdir(path, mode) != 0 && errno != EEXIST)
++	if (mkdir(path, (mode_t)mode) != 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+ 		error("mkdir('%s')", path);
+ }
+ 
+@@ -699,7 +700,7 @@
+ 			error("symlink('%s')", *path);
+ 		info(" extracting: %s -> %s\n", *path, linkname);
+ #ifdef HAVE_LCHMOD
+-		if (lchmod(*path, mode) != 0)
++		if (lchmod(*path, (mode_t)mode) != 0)
+ 			warning("Cannot set mode for '%s'", *path);
+ #endif
+ 		/* set access and modification time */
+@@ -875,6 +876,7 @@
+ 	char buf[20];
+ 	time_t mtime;
+ 	struct tm *tm;
++	const char *pathname;
+ 
+ 	mtime = archive_entry_mtime(e);
+ 	tm = localtime(&mtime);
+@@ -883,22 +885,25 @@
+ 	else
+ 		strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%m-%d-%g %R", tm);
+ 
++	pathname = archive_entry_pathname(e);
++	if (!pathname)
++		pathname = "";
+ 	if (!zipinfo_mode) {
+ 		if (v_opt == 1) {
+ 			printf(" %8ju  %s   %s\n",
+ 			    (uintmax_t)archive_entry_size(e),
+-			    buf, archive_entry_pathname(e));
++			    buf, pathname);
+ 		} else if (v_opt == 2) {
+ 			printf("%8ju  Stored  %7ju   0%%  %s  %08x  %s\n",
+ 			    (uintmax_t)archive_entry_size(e),
+ 			    (uintmax_t)archive_entry_size(e),
+ 			    buf,
+ 			    0U,
+-			    archive_entry_pathname(e));
++			    pathname);
+ 		}
+ 	} else {
+ 		if (Z1_opt)
+-			printf("%s\n",archive_entry_pathname(e));
++			printf("%s\n", pathname);
+ 	}
+ 	ac(archive_read_data_skip(a));
+ }
+--- /dev/null
++++ contrib/libarchive/unzip/la_getline.h
+@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
++/*-
++ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
++ *
++ * Copyright (c) 2011 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
++ * All rights reserved.
++ */
++
++#ifndef LA_GETLINE_H_INCLUDED
++#define LA_GETLINE_H_INCLUDED
++
++#include <stdio.h>
++#ifndef HAVE_GETLINE
++ssize_t getline(char **buf, size_t *bufsiz, FILE *fp);
++#endif
++
++#endif /* !LA_GETLINE_H_INCLUDED */
+--- lib/libarchive/Makefile.orig
++++ lib/libarchive/Makefile
+@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@
+ 	archive_entry_stat.c				\
+ 	archive_entry_strmode.c				\
+ 	archive_entry_xattr.c				\
+-	archive_getdate.c				\
+ 	archive_hmac.c					\
+ 	archive_match.c					\
+ 	archive_options.c				\
+ 	archive_pack_dev.c				\
++	archive_parse_date.c				\
+ 	archive_pathmatch.c				\
+ 	archive_ppmd7.c					\
+ 	archive_ppmd8.c					\
+@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
+ 	archive_read_support_format_zip.c		\
+ 	archive_string.c				\
+ 	archive_string_sprintf.c			\
++	archive_time.c					\
+ 	archive_util.c					\
+ 	archive_version_details.c			\
+ 	archive_virtual.c				\
+--- lib/libarchive/tests/Makefile.orig
++++ lib/libarchive/tests/Makefile
+@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
+ CFLAGS+= -I${.CURDIR} -I${.CURDIR:H} -I${.OBJDIR}
+ CFLAGS+= -I${_LIBARCHIVEDIR}/libarchive -I${_LIBARCHIVEDIR}/libarchive/test
+ CFLAGS+= -I${_LIBARCHIVEDIR}/test_utils
++CFLAGS+= -I${SRCTOP}/sys/contrib/zstd/lib
+ 
+ CFLAGS.test_utils.c+=	-Wno-cast-align
+ 
+@@ -38,11 +39,11 @@
+ 	test_archive_clear_error.c		\
+ 	test_archive_cmdline.c			\
+ 	test_archive_digest.c			\
+-	test_archive_getdate.c			\
+ 	test_archive_match_time.c		\
+ 	test_archive_match_owner.c		\
+ 	test_archive_match_path.c		\
+ 	test_archive_pathmatch.c		\
++	test_archive_parse_date.c		\
+ 	test_archive_read.c			\
+ 	test_archive_read_add_passphrase.c	\
+ 	test_archive_read_close_twice.c		\
+@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@
+ 	test_compat_bzip2.c			\
+ 	test_compat_cpio.c			\
+ 	test_compat_gtar.c			\
++	test_compat_gtar_large.c		\
+ 	test_compat_gzip.c			\
+ 	test_compat_lz4.c			\
+ 	test_compat_lzip.c			\
+@@ -148,7 +150,9 @@
+ 	test_read_format_gtar_filename.c	\
+ 	test_read_format_gtar_gz.c		\
+ 	test_read_format_gtar_lzma.c		\
++	test_read_format_gtar_redundant_L.c	\
+ 	test_read_format_gtar_sparse.c		\
++	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_length.c	\
+ 	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_skip_entry.c \
+ 	test_read_format_huge_rpm.c		\
+ 	test_read_format_iso_Z.c		\
+@@ -178,6 +182,7 @@
+ 	test_read_format_rar_encryption_partially.c	\
+ 	test_read_format_rar_filter.c		\
+ 	test_read_format_rar_invalid1.c		\
++	test_read_format_rar_overflow.c		\
+ 	test_read_format_raw.c			\
+ 	test_read_format_tar.c			\
+ 	test_read_format_tar_concatenated.c	\
+@@ -186,7 +191,10 @@
+ 	test_read_format_tar_empty_with_gnulabel.c	\
+ 	test_read_format_tar_filename.c		\
+ 	test_read_format_tar_invalid_pax_size.c \
++	test_read_format_tar_mac_metadata.c	\
++	test_read_format_tar_pax_g_large.c	\
+ 	test_read_format_tar_pax_large_attr.c	\
++	test_read_format_tar_pax_negative_time.c	\
+ 	test_read_format_tbz.c			\
+ 	test_read_format_tgz.c			\
+ 	test_read_format_tlz.c			\
+@@ -219,6 +227,7 @@
+ 	test_read_format_zip_with_invalid_traditional_eocd.c	\
+ 	test_read_format_zip_zip64.c		\
+ 	test_read_large.c			\
++	test_read_pax_empty_val_no_nl.c		\
+ 	test_read_pax_xattr_rht_security_selinux.c	\
+ 	test_read_pax_xattr_schily.c		\
+ 	test_read_pax_truncated.c		\
+@@ -287,6 +296,7 @@
+ 	test_write_format_mtree_classic_indent.c	\
+ 	test_write_format_mtree_fflags.c	\
+ 	test_write_format_mtree_no_separator.c	\
++	test_write_format_mtree_preset_digests.c	\
+ 	test_write_format_mtree_quoted_filename.c	\
+ 	test_write_format_pax.c			\
+ 	test_write_format_raw.c			\
+@@ -303,6 +313,9 @@
+ 	test_write_format_xar_empty.c		\
+ 	test_write_format_zip.c			\
+ 	test_write_format_zip_compression_store.c	\
++	test_write_format_zip_compression_zstd.c	\
++	test_write_format_zip_compression_bzip2.c	\
++	test_write_format_zip_compression_lzmaxz.c	\
+ 	test_write_format_zip_empty.c		\
+ 	test_write_format_zip_empty_zip64.c	\
+ 	test_write_format_zip_entry_size_unset.c	\
+@@ -447,6 +460,7 @@
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_bcj2_copy_lzma.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_bcj2_deflate.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_deflate_arm64.7z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_deflate_powerpc.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_bcj2_lzma1_1.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_bcj2_lzma1_2.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_bcj2_lzma2_1.7z.uu
+@@ -476,16 +490,24 @@
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_lzma2.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_arm.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_arm64.7z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_powerpc.7z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_riscv.7z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_sparc.7z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_lzma2_powerpc.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_malformed.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_malformed2.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_packinfo_digests.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_ppmd.7z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_sfx_elf.elf.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_sfx_modified_pe.exe.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_sfx_pe.exe.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_solid_zstd.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_symbolic_name.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_zstd.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_zstd_arm.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_zstd_bcj.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_zstd_nobcj.7z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_zstd_sparc.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_7zip_win_attrib.7z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_ar.ar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_cab_1.cab.uu
+@@ -504,12 +526,14 @@
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_filename_cp866.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_filename_eucjp.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_filename_koi8r.tar.Z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_redundant_L.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_1_13.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_1_17.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_1_17_posix00.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_1_17_posix01.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_1_17_posix10.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_1_17_posix10_modified.tar.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_length.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_gtar_sparse_skip_entry.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_huge_rpm.rpm.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_iso.iso.Z.uu
+@@ -550,6 +574,7 @@
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_encryption_data.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_encryption_header.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_encryption_partially.rar.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_endarc_huge.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_filter.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_invalid1.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_multi_lzss_blocks.rar.uu
+@@ -557,12 +582,15 @@
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_multivolume.part0002.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_multivolume.part0003.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_multivolume.part0004.rar.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_newsub_huge.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_noeof.rar.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_overflow.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_ppmd_lzss_conversion.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_ppmd_use_after_free.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_ppmd_use_after_free2.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_sfx.exe.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_subblock.rar.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_symlink_huge.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_unicode.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar_windows.rar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_rar4_encrypted.rar.uu
+@@ -627,11 +655,15 @@
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_tar_empty_pax.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_tar_filename_koi8r.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_tar_invalid_pax_size.tar.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_tar_mac_metadata_1.tar.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_tar_pax_g_large.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_tar_pax_large_attr.tar.Z.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_tar_pax_negative_time.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_ustar_filename_cp866.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_ustar_filename_eucjp.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_ustar_filename_koi8r.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_warc.warc.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_warc_incomplete.warc.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_xar_doublelink.xar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_xar_duplicate_filename_node.xar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_format_zip.zip.uu
+@@ -691,6 +723,7 @@
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_large_splitted_rar_ac.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_large_splitted_rar_ad.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_large_splitted_rar_ae.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_pax_empty_val_no_nl.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_pax_xattr_rht_security_selinux.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_pax_xattr_schily.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_read_splitted_rar_aa.uu
+--- usr.bin/tar/tests/Makefile.orig
++++ usr.bin/tar/tests/Makefile
+@@ -42,13 +42,14 @@
+ 	test_format_newc.c			\
+ 	test_help.c				\
+ 	test_leading_slash.c			\
++	test_list_item.c			\
+ 	test_missing_file.c			\
+ 	test_option_C_mtree.c			\
+ 	test_option_C_upper.c			\
+ 	test_option_H_upper.c			\
+ 	test_option_L_upper.c			\
+ 	test_option_O_upper.c			\
+-	test_option_P.c				\
++	test_option_P_upper.c			\
+ 	test_option_T_upper.c			\
+ 	test_option_U_upper.c			\
+ 	test_option_X_upper.c			\
+@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@
+ 	test_option_lz4.c			\
+ 	test_option_lzma.c			\
+ 	test_option_lzop.c			\
++	test_option_mtime.c			\
+ 	test_option_n.c				\
+ 	test_option_newer_than.c		\
+ 	test_option_nodump.c			\
+@@ -120,6 +122,7 @@
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_extract.tar.xz.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_extract.tar.zst.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_leading_slash.tar.uu
++${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_list_item.tar.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_option_keep_newer_files.tar.Z.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_option_passphrase.zip.uu
+ ${PACKAGE}FILES+=	test_option_s.tar.Z.uu
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:07/libarchive.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:07/libarchive.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c753ed8bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:07/libarchive.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEthUnfoEIffdcgYM7bljekB8AGu8FAmiVSiIACgkQbljekB8A
+Gu+eXg/8DFHbkFyvCv6vC0JDEdHDlM1juW1y5WV6WFF8F84bB6mvg0KYGbOID3nG
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+H1kMIL40Ms4k/wKvzkNBBp/jkyOdCNcSEbFNBEOJco9UbHIgWBpk1T0Rfj5GbYJV
+JG2k3dnJOBJSNOQdWbT9N8vlAQSUZDvV5AFiPs68Kk2eq+gtWgc=
+=bX2E
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-13.patch b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-13.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff46f32c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-13.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--- crypto/openssl/crypto/cms/cms_pwri.c.orig
++++ crypto/openssl/crypto/cms/cms_pwri.c
+@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
+         /* Check byte failure */
+         goto err;
+     }
+-    if (inlen < (size_t)(tmp[0] - 4)) {
++    if (inlen < 4 + (size_t)tmp[0]) {
+         /* Invalid length value */
+         goto err;
+     }
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-13.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-13.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8cb1f7718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-13.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEthUnfoEIffdcgYM7bljekB8AGu8FAmjb+0IACgkQbljekB8A
+Gu+lIg/+Lolkw+WssmbgxxZdypCud/7HTk/+M4YdBPMtoZYFec/Mzpw9ok+MUs2O
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+sRx3so9zFU0TBVww9eRe9/ve4MKd+AqJJe8X1iioDvk7l8JyUTw=
+=NXRd
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-14.patch b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-14.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10c55dd60a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-14.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+--- crypto/openssl/crypto/cms/cms_pwri.c.orig
++++ crypto/openssl/crypto/cms/cms_pwri.c
+@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
+         /* Check byte failure */
+         goto err;
+     }
+-    if (inlen < (size_t)(tmp[0] - 4)) {
++    if (inlen < 4 + (size_t)tmp[0]) {
+         /* Invalid length value */
+         goto err;
+     }
+--- crypto/openssl/crypto/http/http_lib.c.orig
++++ crypto/openssl/crypto/http/http_lib.c
+@@ -267,6 +267,7 @@
+         /* strip leading '[' and trailing ']' from escaped IPv6 address */
+         sl -= 2;
+         strncpy(host, server + 1, sl);
++        host[sl] = '\0';
+         server = host;
+     }
+ 
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-14.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-14.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43ac390451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-14.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEthUnfoEIffdcgYM7bljekB8AGu8FAmjb+0MACgkQbljekB8A
+Gu8Mrg//Wx7TovEbu7hCYrBcs3+LwhVEQh2S6V7APXHtoXIY6Tp56b0ii60F5nBY
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+nt18T+/ScdIwHebnKUob70hf3mTGxLpnPNH5eM8SdkMsJORGook=
+=DhAy
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-15.patch b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-15.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4678a9583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-15.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+--- crypto/openssl/crypto/cms/cms_pwri.c.orig
++++ crypto/openssl/crypto/cms/cms_pwri.c
+@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
+         /* Check byte failure */
+         goto err;
+     }
+-    if (inlen < (size_t)(tmp[0] - 4)) {
++    if (inlen < 4 + (size_t)tmp[0]) {
+         /* Invalid length value */
+         goto err;
+     }
+--- crypto/openssl/crypto/ec/ecp_sm2p256.c.orig
++++ crypto/openssl/crypto/ec/ecp_sm2p256.c
+@@ -56,10 +56,6 @@
+     0xffffffffffffffff, 0xffffffff00000000,
+     0xffffffffffffffff, 0xfffffffeffffffff
+ };
+-ALIGN32 static const BN_ULONG def_ord[P256_LIMBS] = {
+-    0x53bbf40939d54123, 0x7203df6b21c6052b,
+-    0xffffffffffffffff, 0xfffffffeffffffff
+-};
+ 
+ ALIGN32 static const BN_ULONG ONE[P256_LIMBS] = {1, 0, 0, 0};
+ 
+@@ -177,13 +173,6 @@
+     BN_MOD_INV(out, in, ecp_sm2p256_div_by_2, ecp_sm2p256_sub, def_p);
+ }
+ 
+-/* Modular inverse mod order |out| = |in|^(-1) % |ord|. */
+-static ossl_inline void ecp_sm2p256_mod_ord_inverse(BN_ULONG* out,
+-                                                    const BN_ULONG* in) {
+-    BN_MOD_INV(out, in, ecp_sm2p256_div_by_2_mod_ord, ecp_sm2p256_sub_mod_ord,
+-               def_ord);
+-}
+-
+ /* Point double: R <- P + P */
+ static void ecp_sm2p256_point_double(P256_POINT *R, const P256_POINT *P)
+ {
+@@ -454,52 +443,6 @@
+ }
+ #endif
+ 
+-/*
+- * Convert Jacobian coordinate point into affine coordinate (x,y)
+- */
+-static int ecp_sm2p256_get_affine(const EC_GROUP *group,
+-                                  const EC_POINT *point,
+-                                  BIGNUM *x, BIGNUM *y, BN_CTX *ctx)
+-{
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG z_inv2[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG z_inv3[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG x_aff[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG y_aff[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG point_x[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG point_y[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG point_z[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-
+-    if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, point)) {
+-        ECerr(ERR_LIB_EC, EC_R_POINT_AT_INFINITY);
+-        return 0;
+-    }
+-
+-    if (ecp_sm2p256_bignum_field_elem(point_x, point->X) <= 0
+-        || ecp_sm2p256_bignum_field_elem(point_y, point->Y) <= 0
+-        || ecp_sm2p256_bignum_field_elem(point_z, point->Z) <= 0) {
+-        ECerr(ERR_LIB_EC, EC_R_COORDINATES_OUT_OF_RANGE);
+-        return 0;
+-    }
+-
+-    ecp_sm2p256_mod_inverse(z_inv3, point_z);
+-    ecp_sm2p256_sqr(z_inv2, z_inv3);
+-
+-    if (x != NULL) {
+-        ecp_sm2p256_mul(x_aff, point_x, z_inv2);
+-        if (!bn_set_words(x, x_aff, P256_LIMBS))
+-            return 0;
+-    }
+-
+-    if (y != NULL) {
+-        ecp_sm2p256_mul(z_inv3, z_inv3, z_inv2);
+-        ecp_sm2p256_mul(y_aff, point_y, z_inv3);
+-        if (!bn_set_words(y, y_aff, P256_LIMBS))
+-            return 0;
+-    }
+-
+-    return 1;
+-}
+-
+ /* r = sum(scalar[i]*point[i]) */
+ static int ecp_sm2p256_windowed_mul(const EC_GROUP *group,
+                                     P256_POINT *r,
+@@ -689,44 +632,6 @@
+     return 1;
+ }
+ 
+-static int ecp_sm2p256_inv_mod_ord(const EC_GROUP *group, BIGNUM *r,
+-                                             const BIGNUM *x, BN_CTX *ctx)
+-{
+-    int ret = 0;
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG t[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-    ALIGN32 BN_ULONG out[P256_LIMBS] = {0};
+-
+-    if (bn_wexpand(r, P256_LIMBS) == NULL) {
+-        ECerr(ERR_LIB_EC, ERR_R_BN_LIB);
+-        goto err;
+-    }
+-
+-    if ((BN_num_bits(x) > 256) || BN_is_negative(x)) {
+-        BIGNUM *tmp;
+-
+-        if ((tmp = BN_CTX_get(ctx)) == NULL
+-            || !BN_nnmod(tmp, x, group->order, ctx)) {
+-            ECerr(ERR_LIB_EC, ERR_R_BN_LIB);
+-            goto err;
+-        }
+-        x = tmp;
+-    }
+-
+-    if (!ecp_sm2p256_bignum_field_elem(t, x)) {
+-        ECerr(ERR_LIB_EC, EC_R_COORDINATES_OUT_OF_RANGE);
+-        goto err;
+-    }
+-
+-    ecp_sm2p256_mod_ord_inverse(out, t);
+-
+-    if (!bn_set_words(r, out, P256_LIMBS))
+-        goto err;
+-
+-    ret = 1;
+-err:
+-    return ret;
+-}
+-
+ const EC_METHOD *EC_GFp_sm2p256_method(void)
+ {
+     static const EC_METHOD ret = {
+@@ -747,7 +652,7 @@
+         ossl_ec_GFp_simple_point_copy,
+         ossl_ec_GFp_simple_point_set_to_infinity,
+         ossl_ec_GFp_simple_point_set_affine_coordinates,
+-        ecp_sm2p256_get_affine,
++        ossl_ec_GFp_simple_point_get_affine_coordinates,
+         0, 0, 0,
+         ossl_ec_GFp_simple_add,
+         ossl_ec_GFp_simple_dbl,
+@@ -763,7 +668,7 @@
+         ecp_sm2p256_field_mul,
+         ecp_sm2p256_field_sqr,
+         0 /* field_div */,
+-        0 /* field_inv */,
++        ossl_ec_GFp_simple_field_inv,
+         0 /* field_encode */,
+         0 /* field_decode */,
+         0 /* field_set_to_one */,
+@@ -779,7 +684,7 @@
+         ossl_ecdsa_simple_sign_setup,
+         ossl_ecdsa_simple_sign_sig,
+         ossl_ecdsa_simple_verify_sig,
+-        ecp_sm2p256_inv_mod_ord,
++        0, /* use constant‑time fallback for inverse mod order */
+         0, /* blind_coordinates */
+         0, /* ladder_pre */
+         0, /* ladder_step */
+--- crypto/openssl/crypto/http/http_lib.c.orig
++++ crypto/openssl/crypto/http/http_lib.c
+@@ -263,6 +263,7 @@
+         /* strip leading '[' and trailing ']' from escaped IPv6 address */
+         sl -= 2;
+         strncpy(host, server + 1, sl);
++        host[sl] = '\0';
+         server = host;
+     }
+ 
diff --git a/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-15.patch.asc b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-15.patch.asc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..452a1fbaaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/security/patches/SA-25:08/openssl-15.patch.asc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
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+dmuh9c/xDqzhXgUaEe4SHW9NtL9ohV7/l/Qt1FgXOV/VzHuK+kLtCXz9KskIsUYc
+kKg0UPFuP0t0UgDimkXx3eLctEyfmJtbL/j1iLUqV442REkK+QttyJILV0GmMpQy
+KvIHb9/sQnC65TpP3oyxbVcrasosNRhvaILmtzXvIInlqHC0OhQ=
+=lGPI
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/advisories.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/advisories.html
index b9eab4285b..b9eab4285b 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/advisories.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/advisories.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-consulting.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-consulting.html
index 5d959a5ef2..5d959a5ef2 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-consulting.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-consulting.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-hardware.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-hardware.html
index 3026998b59..3026998b59 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-hardware.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-hardware.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-isp.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-isp.html
index 8aaaf074af..8aaaf074af 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-isp.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-isp.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-misc.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-misc.html
index 32423ad919..32423ad919 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-misc.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-misc.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-software.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-software.html
index c596ba87d8..c596ba87d8 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/commercial-software.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/commercial-software.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/errata-notices.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/errata-notices.html
index a043fbc9ce..a043fbc9ce 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/errata-notices.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/errata-notices.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/events.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/events.html
index 79148da802..79148da802 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/events.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/events.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/news.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/news.html
index ce1052fe45..ce1052fe45 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/news.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/news.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/press.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/press.html
index d3bed55a6f..d3bed55a6f 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/press.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/press.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/sidenav.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/sidenav.html
index 7ccc4df3b4..811f511133 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/sidenav.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/sidenav.html
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
   <li><a href="{{ "community/irc/" | absLangURL }}">IRC</a></li>
   <li><a href="{{ "community/mailinglists/" | absLangURL }}">{{ i18n "mailinglists" }}</a></li>
   <li><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/freebsd/" target="_blank">Reddit</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://twitter.com/freebsd" target="_blank">Twitter</a></li>
   <li><a href="{{ "usergroups" | absLangURL }}">{{ i18n "usergroups" }}</a></li>
   <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/FreeBSDProject" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li>
 </ul>
@@ -56,9 +55,8 @@
   <li>
     <a href={{ "releases" | absLangURL }}>{{ i18n "releases" }}</a>
     <ul>
-      <li>Legacy Release: <br /><a href={{ index .data.releases "u-rel135-announce" }}>{{ index .data.releases "rel135-current" }}</a></li>
-      <li>Legacy Release: <br /><a href={{ index .data.releases "u-rel142-announce" }}>{{ index .data.releases "rel142-current" }}</a></li>
       <li>{{ i18n "productionRelease" }}: <br /><a href={{ index .data.releases "u-rel143-announce" }}>{{ index .data.releases "rel143-current" }}</a></li>
+      <li>Legacy Release: <br /><a href={{ index .data.releases "u-rel135-announce" }}>{{ index .data.releases "rel135-current" }}</a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li>
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/site-footer.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/site-footer.html
index ca4ee18ff3..ca4ee18ff3 100755
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/site-footer.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/site-footer.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/site-head.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/site-head.html
index 476d144e77..476d144e77 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/site-head.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/site-head.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/site-header.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/site-header.html
index 6bb1ac5e90..6bb1ac5e90 100755
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/site-header.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/site-header.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/site-navigation.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/site-navigation.html
index ac4a0980dc..5663b39477 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/partials/site-navigation.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_partials/site-navigation.html
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
           <a href="https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/donate/">{{ i18n "monetaryDonations" }}</a>
         </li>
         <li>
-          <a href={{ "donations/#systems/" | absLangURL }}>{{ i18n "hardwareDonations" }}</a>
+          <a href={{ "donations/#systems" | absLangURL }}>{{ i18n "hardwareDonations" }}</a>
         </li>
       </ul>
     </li>
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-ports.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-ports.html
index 6df709a7d3..6df709a7d3 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-ports.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-ports.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-mail.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-mail.html
index 115d24701d..115d24701d 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-mail.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-mail.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-man.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-man.html
index 3a13ae4dfa..3a13ae4dfa 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-man.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-man.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-mid-id.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-mid-id.html
index 0f7cdf46a1..0f7cdf46a1 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-mid-id.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-mid-id.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-mid-message.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-mid-message.html
index 35d0d8d197..35d0d8d197 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-mid-message.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-mid-message.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-ports.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-ports.html
index b2d6f259f3..b2d6f259f3 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-ports.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-ports.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-site.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-site.html
index eb5ddb12e0..eb5ddb12e0 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/form-search-site.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/form-search-site.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/get-event-last-year-info.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/get-event-last-year-info.html
index 14d2e8683a..14d2e8683a 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/get-event-last-year-info.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/get-event-last-year-info.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/get-usergroups-info.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/get-usergroups-info.html
index b041e9b1c0..b041e9b1c0 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/get-usergroups-info.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/get-usergroups-info.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/manpage.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/manpage.html
index 14ca61b630..14ca61b630 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/manpage.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/manpage.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/revision.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/revision.html
index 088673d57c..088673d57c 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/revision.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/revision.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/sponsored.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/sponsored.html
index 7f7dbb8c57..7f7dbb8c57 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/shortcodes/sponsored.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_shortcodes/sponsored.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_default/baseof.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/baseof.html
index 46d88a99a9..46d88a99a9 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_default/baseof.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/baseof.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/list.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/list.html
index 97faff7303..0d00620073 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/list.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/list.html
@@ -27,37 +27,6 @@
         {{ $eventsData = $dataDefaultLanguage }}
       {{ end }}
 
-      <!-- Load events and number of times -->
-      {{ $countriesCodes := slice }}
-      {{ $countriesCodesTimes := newScratch }}
-
-      {{ with $eventsData }}
-        {{ range (sort .events "year" "desc") }}
-          {{ range .events }}
-            {{ if .countryCode }}
-              {{ $countriesCodes = $countriesCodes | append .countryCode }}
-
-              {{ if $countriesCodesTimes.Get .countryCode }}
-                {{ $countriesCodesTimes.Add .countryCode 1 }}
-              {{ else }}
-                {{ $countriesCodesTimes.Set .countryCode 1 }}
-              {{ end }}
-            {{ end }}
-          {{ end }}
-        {{ end }}
-      {{ end }}
-
-      {{ $countriesCodes = $countriesCodes | uniq }}
-
-      {{ $countriesTimes := slice }}
-      {{ range $element := $countriesCodes }}
-        {{ $countriesTimes = $countriesTimes | append ($countriesCodesTimes.Get .) }}
-      {{ end }}
-
-      {{ $eventsImageUrl := (printf "https://chart.googleapis.com/chart?cht=t&chs=400x200&chtm=world&chco=ffffff,ffbe38,600000&chf=bg,s,4D89F9&chd=t:%s&chld=%s" (delimit $countriesTimes ",") (delimit $countriesCodes "")) }}
-
-      <img alt="events map" src={{ $eventsImageUrl }} />
-
       {{ $eventsCounter := 0 }}
 
       {{ if isset .Params "year" }}
@@ -113,7 +82,7 @@
                           <p>
                             <b><a href="{{ .url }}">{{ .name }}</a></b>, {{ .site }}, {{ .city }}, {{ .country }}
                             <br />
-                            <em>{{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .startDate }} - {{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .endDate }}</em>
+                            <em>{{ dateFormat "02" .startDate }} - {{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .endDate }}</em>
                             <br />
                             {{ .description | safeHTML }}
                           </p>
@@ -143,7 +112,7 @@
                           <p>
                             <b><a href="{{ .url }}">{{ .name }}</a></b>, {{ .site }}, {{ .city }}, {{ .country }}
                             <br />
-                            <em>{{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .startDate }} - {{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .endDate }}</em>
+                            <em>{{ dateFormat "02" .startDate }} - {{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .endDate }}</em>
                             <br />
                             {{ .description | safeHTML }}
                           </p>
@@ -188,7 +157,7 @@
                       <p>
                         <b><a href="{{ .url }}">{{ .name }}</a></b>, {{ .site }}, {{ .city }}, {{ .country }}
                         <br />
-                        <em>{{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .startDate }} - {{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .endDate }}</em>
+                        <em>{{ dateFormat "02" .startDate }} - {{ dateFormat "02 January, 2006" .endDate }}</em>
                         <br />
                         {{ .description | safeHTML }}
                       </p>
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/events.rss.xml b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/rss.xml
index aaf582bc6b..aaf582bc6b 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/events.rss.xml
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/rss.xml
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/single.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/single.html
index 542de502f2..0d00620073 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/single.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/events/single.html
@@ -27,37 +27,6 @@
         {{ $eventsData = $dataDefaultLanguage }}
       {{ end }}
 
-      <!-- Load events and number of times -->
-      {{ $countriesCodes := slice }}
-      {{ $countriesCodesTimes := newScratch }}
-
-      {{ with $eventsData }}
-        {{ range (sort .events "year" "desc") }}
-          {{ range .events }}
-            {{ if .countryCode }}
-              {{ $countriesCodes = $countriesCodes | append .countryCode }}
-
-              {{ if $countriesCodesTimes.Get .countryCode }}
-                {{ $countriesCodesTimes.Add .countryCode 1 }}
-              {{ else }}
-                {{ $countriesCodesTimes.Set .countryCode 1 }}
-              {{ end }}
-            {{ end }}
-          {{ end }}
-        {{ end }}
-      {{ end }}
-
-      {{ $countriesCodes = $countriesCodes | uniq }}
-
-      {{ $countriesTimes := slice }}
-      {{ range $element := $countriesCodes }}
-        {{ $countriesTimes = $countriesTimes | append ($countriesCodesTimes.Get .) }}
-      {{ end }}
-
-      {{ $eventsImageUrl := (printf "https://chart.googleapis.com/chart?cht=t&chs=400x200&chtm=world&chco=ffffff,ffbe38,600000&chf=bg,s,4D89F9&chd=t:%s&chld=%s" (delimit $countriesTimes ",") (delimit $countriesCodes "")) }}
-
-      <img alt="events map" src={{ $eventsImageUrl }} />
-
       {{ $eventsCounter := 0 }}
 
       {{ if isset .Params "year" }}
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/index.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/index.html
index 65898e1d2f..7ed1c1af56 100755
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/index.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/index.html
@@ -67,8 +67,7 @@
               </li>
               <li>
                 {{ i18n "legacy" }}:
-                <a href={{ index $.Site.Data.releases "u-rel135-announce" }}>{{ index $.Site.Data.releases "rel135-current" }}</a>,
-                <a href={{ index $.Site.Data.releases "u-rel142-announce" }}>{{ index $.Site.Data.releases "rel142-current" }}</a>
+                <a href={{ index $.Site.Data.releases "u-rel135-announce" }}>{{ index $.Site.Data.releases "rel135-current" }}</a>
               </li>
               {{ $betaUpcoming := index $.Site.Data.releases "beta-upcoming" }}
               {{ if ne $betaUpcoming "IGNORE" }}
@@ -107,6 +106,7 @@
             {{ end }}
             -->
             <li><a href="{{ $.Site.BaseURL }}">en</a></li>
+            <li><a href="{{ $.Site.BaseURL }}ru">ru</a></li>
             <li><a href="{{ $.Site.BaseURL }}zh-tw">zh-tw</a></li>
           </ul>
         </div>
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_default/list.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/list.html
index 286e9ccd5e..286e9ccd5e 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_default/list.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/list.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_default/list.ics b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/list.ics
index f6adf934ca..f6adf934ca 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_default/list.ics
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/list.ics
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/news/news.rss.xml b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/news/rss.xml
index fa369c9fa2..fa369c9fa2 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/news/news.rss.xml
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/news/rss.xml
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/press/press.rss.xml b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/press/rss.xml
index f21b03d89f..f21b03d89f 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/press/press.rss.xml
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/press/rss.xml
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/security/security.rss.xml b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/security/rss.xml
index 37dd78fadc..37dd78fadc 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/security/security.rss.xml
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/security/rss.xml
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_default/single.html b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/single.html
index 286e9ccd5e..286e9ccd5e 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/layouts/_default/single.html
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/layouts/single.html
diff --git a/website/themes/beastie/theme.toml b/website/themes/beastie/theme.toml
index 80b80d83f1..5058603475 100644
--- a/website/themes/beastie/theme.toml
+++ b/website/themes/beastie/theme.toml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ copyright = "BSD 2-clause 'Simplified' License"
 description = "Theme to build the FreeBSD website"
 homepage = "https://www.freebsd.org"
 tags = ["website", "freebsd", "bsd"]
-min_version = "0.60.0"
+min_version = "0.146.0"
 
 [author]
 name = "Sergio Carlavilla"