/* $NetBSD: pkill.c,v 1.16 2005/10/10 22:13:20 kleink Exp $ */
/*-
* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
* Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
* Copyright (c) 2005 Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pjd@FreeBSD.org>
* All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
* by Andrew Doran.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <kvm.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <jail.h>
#define STATUS_MATCH 0
#define STATUS_NOMATCH 1
#define STATUS_BADUSAGE 2
#define STATUS_ERROR 3
#define MIN_PID 5
#define MAX_PID 99999
/* Ignore system-processes (if '-S' flag is not specified) and myself. */
#define PSKIP(kp) ((kp)->ki_pid == mypid || \
(!kthreads && ((kp)->ki_flag & P_KPROC) != 0))
enum listtype {
LT_GENERIC,
LT_USER,
LT_GROUP,
LT_TTY,
LT_PGRP,
LT_JAIL,
LT_SID,
LT_CLASS
};
struct list {
SLIST_ENTRY(list) li_chain;
long li_number;
char *li_name;
};
SLIST_HEAD(listhead, list);
static struct kinfo_proc *plist;
static char *selected;
static const char *delim = "\n";
static int nproc;
static int pgrep;
static int signum = SIGTERM;
static int newest;
static int oldest;
static int interactive;
static int inverse;
static int longfmt;
static int matchargs;
static int fullmatch;
static int kthreads;
static int cflags = REG_EXTENDED;
static int quiet;
static kvm_t *kd;
static pid_t mypid;
static struct listhead euidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(euidlist);
static struct listhead ruidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ruidlist);
static struct listhead rgidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(rgidlist);
static struct listhead pgrplist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(pgrplist);
static struct listhead ppidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ppidlist);
static struct listhead tdevlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(tdevlist);
static struct listhead sidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(sidlist);
static struct listhead jidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(jidlist);
static struct listhead classlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(classlist);
static void usage(void) __attribute__((__noreturn__));
static int killact(const struct kinfo_proc *);
static int grepact(const struct kinfo_proc *);
static void makelist(struct listhead *, enum listtype, char *);
static int takepid(const char *, int);
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *buf, *mstr, **pargv, *p, *q, *pidfile;
const char *execf, *coref;
size_t bufsz;
int ancestors, debug_opt, did_action;
int i, ch, bestidx, rv, criteria, pidfromfile, pidfilelock;
size_t jsz;
int (*action)(const struct kinfo_proc *);
struct kinfo_proc *kp;
struct list *li;
struct timeval best_tval;
regex_t reg;
regmatch_t regmatch;
pid_t pid;
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
if (strcmp(getprogname(), "pgrep") == 0) {
action = grepact;
pgrep = 1;
} else {
action = killact;
p = argv[1];
if (argc > 1 && p[0] == '-') {
p++;
i = (int)strtol(p, &q, 10);
if (*q == '\0') {
signum = i;
argv++;
argc--;
} else {
if (strncasecmp(p, "SIG", 3) == 0)
p += 3;
for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++)
if (strcasecmp(sys_signame[i], p) == 0)
break;
if (i != NSIG) {
signum = i;
argv++;
argc--;
}
}
}
}
buf = NULL;
ancestors = 0;
criteria = 0;
debug_opt = 0;
pidfile = NULL;
pidfilelock = 0;
quiet = 0;
execf = NULL;
coref = _PATH_DEVNULL;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "DF:G:ILM:N:P:SU:ac:d:fg:ij:lnoqs:t:u:vx")) != -1)
switch (ch) {
case 'D':
debug_opt++;
break;
case 'F':
pidfile = optarg;
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'G':
makelist(&rgidlist, LT_GROUP, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'I':
if (pgrep)
usage();
interactive = 1;
break;
case 'L':
pidfilelock = 1;
break;
case 'M':
coref = optarg;
break;
case 'N':
execf = optarg;
break;
case 'P':
makelist(&ppidlist, LT_GENERIC, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'S':
if (!pgrep)
usage();
kthreads = 1;
break;
case 'U':
makelist(&ruidlist, LT_USER, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'a':
ancestors++;
break;
case 'c':
makelist(&classlist, LT_CLASS, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'd':
if (!pgrep)
usage();
delim = optarg;
break;
case 'f':
matchargs = 1;
break;
case 'g':
makelist(&pgrplist, LT_PGRP, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'i':
cflags |= REG_ICASE;
break;
case 'j':
makelist(&jidlist, LT_JAIL, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'l':
longfmt = 1;
break;
case 'n':
newest = 1;
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'o':
oldest = 1;
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'q':
if (!pgrep)
usage();
quiet = 1;
break;
case 's':
makelist(&sidlist, LT_SID, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 't':
makelist(&tdevlist, LT_TTY, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'u':
makelist(&euidlist, LT_USER, optarg);
criteria = 1;
break;
case 'v':
inverse = 1;
break;
case 'x':
fullmatch = 1;
break;
default:
usage();
/* NOTREACHED */
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc != 0)
criteria = 1;
if (!criteria)
usage();
if (newest && oldest)
errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Options -n and -o are mutually exclusive");
if (pidfile != NULL)
pidfromfile = takepid(pidfile, pidfilelock);
else {
if (pidfilelock) {
errx(STATUS_ERROR,
"Option -L doesn't make sense without -F");
}
pidfromfile = -1;
}
mypid = getpid();
/*
* If we're not matching args, we only need a buffer large enough to
* hold some relatively short error strings. Otherwise, we have to
* assume we'll need up to ARG_MAX bytes for arguments.
*/
bufsz = _POSIX2_LINE_MAX;
if (matchargs) {
long arg_max;
arg_max = sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX);
if (arg_max == -1)
arg_max = ARG_MAX;
/*
* The absolute worst case scenario is ARG_MAX single-byte
* arguments which we'll then separate with spaces and NUL
* terminate.
*/
bufsz = (arg_max * 2) + 1;
}
buf = malloc(bufsz);
if (buf == NULL)
err(STATUS_ERROR, "malloc");
/*
* Retrieve the list of running processes from the kernel.
*/
kd = kvm_openfiles(execf, coref, NULL, O_RDONLY, buf);
if (kd == NULL)
errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot open kernel files (%s)", buf);
/*
* Use KERN_PROC_PROC instead of KERN_PROC_ALL, since we
* just want processes and not individual kernel threads.
*/
if (pidfromfile >= 0)
plist = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_PID, pidfromfile, &nproc);
else
plist = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_PROC, 0, &nproc);
if (plist == NULL) {
errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot get process list (%s)",
kvm_geterr(kd));
}
/*
* Allocate memory which will be used to keep track of the
* selection.
*/
if ((selected = malloc(nproc)) == NULL) {
err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot allocate memory for %d processes",
nproc);
}
memset(selected, 0, nproc);
/*
* Refine the selection.
*/
for (; *argv != NULL; argv++) {
if ((rv = regcomp(®, *argv, cflags)) != 0) {
regerror(rv, ®, buf, bufsz);
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE,
"Cannot compile regular expression `%s' (%s)",
*argv, buf);
}
for (i = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
if (PSKIP(kp)) {
if (debug_opt > 0)
fprintf(stderr, "* Skipped %5d %3d %s\n",
kp->ki_pid, kp->ki_uid, kp->ki_comm);
continue;
}
if (matchargs &&
(pargv = kvm_getargv(kd, kp, 0)) != NULL) {
jsz = 0;
while (jsz < bufsz && *pargv != NULL) {
jsz += snprintf(buf + jsz,
bufsz - jsz,
pargv[1] != NULL ? "%s " : "%s",
pargv[0]);
pargv++;
}
mstr = buf;
} else
mstr = kp->ki_comm;
rv = regexec(®, mstr, 1, ®match, 0);
if (rv == 0) {
if (fullmatch) {
if (regmatch.rm_so == 0 &&
regmatch.rm_eo ==
(off_t)strlen(mstr))
selected[i] = 1;
} else
selected[i] = 1;
} else if (rv != REG_NOMATCH) {
regerror(rv, ®, buf, bufsz);
errx(STATUS_ERROR,
"Regular expression evaluation error (%s)",
buf);
}
if (debug_opt > 1) {
const char *rv_res = "NoMatch";
if (selected[i])
rv_res = "Matched";
fprintf(stderr, "* %s %5d %3d %s\n", rv_res,
kp->ki_pid, kp->ki_uid, mstr);
}
}
regfree(®);
}
for (i = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
if (PSKIP(kp))
continue;
if (pidfromfile >= 0 && kp->ki_pid != pidfromfile) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &ruidlist, li_chain)
if (kp->ki_ruid == (uid_t)li->li_number)
break;
if (SLIST_FIRST(&ruidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &rgidlist, li_chain)
if (kp->ki_rgid == (gid_t)li->li_number)
break;
if (SLIST_FIRST(&rgidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &euidlist, li_chain)
if (kp->ki_uid == (uid_t)li->li_number)
break;
if (SLIST_FIRST(&euidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &ppidlist, li_chain)
if (kp->ki_ppid == (pid_t)li->li_number)
break;
if (SLIST_FIRST(&ppidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &pgrplist, li_chain)
if (kp->ki_pgid == (pid_t)li->li_number)
break;
if (SLIST_FIRST(&pgrplist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &tdevlist, li_chain) {
if (li->li_number == -1 &&
(kp->ki_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0)
break;
if (kp->ki_tdev == (dev_t)li->li_number)
break;
}
if (SLIST_FIRST(&tdevlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &sidlist, li_chain)
if (kp->ki_sid == (pid_t)li->li_number)
break;
if (SLIST_FIRST(&sidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &jidlist, li_chain) {
/* A particular jail ID, including 0 (not in jail) */
if (kp->ki_jid == (int)li->li_number)
break;
/* Any jail */
if (kp->ki_jid > 0 && li->li_number == -1)
break;
}
if (SLIST_FIRST(&jidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
SLIST_FOREACH(li, &classlist, li_chain) {
/*
* We skip P_SYSTEM processes to match ps(1) output.
*/
if ((kp->ki_flag & P_SYSTEM) == 0 &&
strcmp(kp->ki_loginclass, li->li_name) == 0)
break;
}
if (SLIST_FIRST(&classlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
selected[i] = 0;
continue;
}
if (argc == 0)
selected[i] = 1;
}
if (!ancestors) {
pid = mypid;
while (pid) {
for (i = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
if (PSKIP(kp))
continue;
if (kp->ki_pid == pid) {
selected[i] = 0;
pid = kp->ki_ppid;
break;
}
}
if (i == nproc) {
if (pid == mypid)
pid = getppid();
else
break; /* Maybe we're in a jail ? */
}
}
}
if (newest || oldest) {
best_tval.tv_sec = 0;
best_tval.tv_usec = 0;
bestidx = -1;
for (i = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
if (!selected[i])
continue;
if (bestidx == -1) {
/* The first entry of the list which matched. */
;
} else if (timercmp(&kp->ki_start, &best_tval, >)) {
/* This entry is newer than previous "best". */
if (oldest) /* but we want the oldest */
continue;
} else {
/* This entry is older than previous "best". */
if (newest) /* but we want the newest */
continue;
}
/* This entry is better than previous "best" entry. */
best_tval.tv_sec = kp->ki_start.tv_sec;
best_tval.tv_usec = kp->ki_start.tv_usec;
bestidx = i;
}
memset(selected, 0, nproc);
if (bestidx != -1)
selected[bestidx] = 1;
}
/*
* Take the appropriate action for each matched process, if any.
*/
did_action = 0;
for (i = 0, rv = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
if (PSKIP(kp))
continue;
if (selected[i]) {
if (longfmt && !pgrep) {
did_action = 1;
printf("kill -%d %d\n", signum, kp->ki_pid);
}
if (inverse)
continue;
} else if (!inverse)
continue;
rv |= (*action)(kp);
}
if (rv && pgrep && !quiet)
putchar('\n');
if (!did_action && !pgrep && longfmt)
fprintf(stderr,
"No matching processes belonging to you were found\n");
free(buf);
exit(rv ? STATUS_MATCH : STATUS_NOMATCH);
}
static void
usage(void)
{
const char *ustr;
if (pgrep)
ustr = "[-LSfilnoqvx] [-d delim]";
else
ustr = "[-signal] [-ILfilnovx]";
fprintf(stderr,
"usage: %s %s [-F pidfile] [-G gid] [-M core] [-N system]\n"
" [-P ppid] [-U uid] [-c class] [-g pgrp] [-j jail]\n"
" [-s sid] [-t tty] [-u euid] pattern ...\n",
getprogname(), ustr);
exit(STATUS_BADUSAGE);
}
static void
show_process(const struct kinfo_proc *kp)
{
char **argv;
if (quiet) {
assert(pgrep);
return;
}
if ((longfmt || !pgrep) && matchargs &&
(argv = kvm_getargv(kd, kp, 0)) != NULL) {
printf("%d ", (int)kp->ki_pid);
for (; *argv != NULL; argv++) {
printf("%s", *argv);
if (argv[1] != NULL)
putchar(' ');
}
} else if (longfmt || !pgrep)
printf("%d %s", (int)kp->ki_pid, kp->ki_comm);
else
printf("%d", (int)kp->ki_pid);
}
static int
killact(const struct kinfo_proc *kp)
{
int ch, first;
if (interactive) {
/*
* Be careful, ask before killing.
*/
printf("kill ");
show_process(kp);
printf("? ");
fflush(stdout);
first = ch = getchar();
while (ch != '\n' && ch != EOF)
ch = getchar();
if (first != 'y' && first != 'Y')
return (1);
}
if (kill(kp->ki_pid, signum) == -1) {
/*
* Check for ESRCH, which indicates that the process
* disappeared between us matching it and us
* signalling it; don't issue a warning about it.
*/
if (errno != ESRCH)
warn("signalling pid %d", (int)kp->ki_pid);
/*
* Return 0 to indicate that the process should not be
* considered a match, since we didn't actually get to
* signal it.
*/
return (0);
}
return (1);
}
static int
grepact(const struct kinfo_proc *kp)
{
static bool first = true;
if (!quiet && !first)
printf("%s", delim);
show_process(kp);
first = false;
return (1);
}
static void
makelist(struct listhead *head, enum listtype type, char *src)
{
struct list *li;
struct passwd *pw;
struct group *gr;
struct stat st;
const char *cp;
char *sp, *ep, buf[MAXPATHLEN];
int empty;
empty = 1;
while ((sp = strsep(&src, ",")) != NULL) {
if (*sp == '\0')
usage();
if ((li = malloc(sizeof(*li))) == NULL) {
err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot allocate %zu bytes",
sizeof(*li));
}
SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(head, li, li_chain);
empty = 0;
if (type != LT_CLASS)
li->li_number = (uid_t)strtol(sp, &ep, 0);
if (type != LT_CLASS && *ep == '\0') {
switch (type) {
case LT_PGRP:
if (li->li_number == 0)
li->li_number = getpgrp();
break;
case LT_SID:
if (li->li_number == 0)
li->li_number = getsid(mypid);
break;
case LT_JAIL:
if (li->li_number < 0)
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE,
"Negative jail ID `%s'", sp);
/* For compatibility with old -j */
if (li->li_number == 0)
li->li_number = -1; /* any jail */
break;
case LT_TTY:
if (li->li_number < 0)
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE,
"Negative /dev/pts tty `%s'", sp);
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _PATH_DEV "pts/%s",
sp);
if (stat(buf, &st) != -1)
goto foundtty;
if (errno == ENOENT)
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "No such tty: `"
_PATH_DEV "pts/%s'", sp);
err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot access `"
_PATH_DEV "pts/%s'", sp);
break;
default:
break;
}
continue;
}
switch (type) {
case LT_USER:
if ((pw = getpwnam(sp)) == NULL)
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "Unknown user `%s'", sp);
li->li_number = pw->pw_uid;
break;
case LT_GROUP:
if ((gr = getgrnam(sp)) == NULL)
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "Unknown group `%s'", sp);
li->li_number = gr->gr_gid;
break;
case LT_TTY:
if (strcmp(sp, "-") == 0) {
li->li_number = -1;
break;
} else if (strcmp(sp, "co") == 0) {
cp = "console";
} else {
cp = sp;
}
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _PATH_DEV "%s", cp);
if (stat(buf, &st) != -1)
goto foundtty;
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _PATH_DEV "tty%s", cp);
if (stat(buf, &st) != -1)
goto foundtty;
if (errno == ENOENT)
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "No such tty: `%s'", sp);
err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot access `%s'", sp);
foundtty: if ((st.st_mode & S_IFCHR) == 0)
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "Not a tty: `%s'", sp);
li->li_number = st.st_rdev;
break;
case LT_JAIL: {
int jid;
if (strcmp(sp, "none") == 0)
li->li_number = 0;
else if (strcmp(sp, "any") == 0)
li->li_number = -1;
else if ((jid = jail_getid(sp)) != -1)
li->li_number = jid;
else if (*ep != '\0')
errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE,
"Invalid jail ID or name `%s'", sp);
break;
}
case LT_CLASS:
li->li_number = -1;
li->li_name = strdup(sp);
if (li->li_name == NULL)
err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot allocate memory");
break;
default:
usage();
}
}
if (empty)
usage();
}
static int
takepid(const char *pidfile, int pidfilelock)
{
char *endp, line[BUFSIZ];
FILE *fh;
long rval;
fh = fopen(pidfile, "r");
if (fh == NULL)
err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot open pidfile `%s'", pidfile);
if (pidfilelock) {
/*
* If we can lock pidfile, this means that daemon is not
* running, so would be better not to kill some random process.
*/
if (flock(fileno(fh), LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB) == 0) {
(void)fclose(fh);
errx(STATUS_ERROR, "File '%s' can be locked", pidfile);
} else {
if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
errx(STATUS_ERROR,
"Error while locking file '%s'", pidfile);
}
}
}
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fh) == NULL) {
if (feof(fh)) {
(void)fclose(fh);
errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Pidfile `%s' is empty", pidfile);
}
(void)fclose(fh);
err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot read from pid file `%s'", pidfile);
}
(void)fclose(fh);
rval = strtol(line, &endp, 10);
if (*endp != '\0' && !isspace((unsigned char)*endp))
errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Invalid pid in file `%s'", pidfile);
else if (rval < MIN_PID || rval > MAX_PID)
errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Invalid pid in file `%s'", pidfile);
return (rval);
}
