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authorCy Schubert <cy@FreeBSD.org>2025-06-05 02:47:44 +0000
committerCy Schubert <cy@FreeBSD.org>2025-06-05 02:47:53 +0000
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+ <section id="authentication-indicators">
+<span id="auth-indicator"></span><h1>Authentication indicators<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-indicators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>As of release 1.14, the KDC can be configured to annotate tickets if
+the client authenticated using a stronger preauthentication mechanism
+such as <a class="reference internal" href="pkinit.html#pkinit"><span class="std std-ref">PKINIT</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="otp.html#otp-preauth"><span class="std std-ref">OTP</span></a>. These
+annotations are called “authentication indicators.” Service
+principals can be configured to require particular authentication
+indicators in order to authenticate to that service. An
+authentication indicator value can be any string chosen by the KDC
+administrator; there are no pre-set values.</p>
+<p>To use authentication indicators with PKINIT or OTP, first configure
+the KDC to include an indicator when that preauthentication mechanism
+is used. For PKINIT, use the <strong>pkinit_indicator</strong> variable in
+<a class="reference internal" href="conf_files/kdc_conf.html#kdc-conf-5"><span class="std std-ref">kdc.conf</span></a>. For OTP, use the <strong>indicator</strong> variable in the
+token type definition, or specify the indicators in the <strong>otp</strong> user
+string as described in <a class="reference internal" href="otp.html#otp-preauth"><span class="std std-ref">OTP Preauthentication</span></a>.</p>
+<p>To require an indicator to be present in order to authenticate to a
+service principal, set the <strong>require_auth</strong> string attribute on the
+principal to the indicator value to be required. If you wish to allow
+one of several indicators to be accepted, you can specify multiple
+indicator values separated by spaces.</p>
+<p>For example, a realm could be configured to set the authentication
+indicator value “strong” when PKINIT is used to authenticate, using a
+setting in the <a class="reference internal" href="conf_files/kdc_conf.html#kdc-realms"><span class="std std-ref">[realms]</span></a> subsection:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pkinit_indicator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">strong</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>A service principal could be configured to require the “strong”
+authentication indicator value:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ kadmin setstr host/high.value.server require_auth strong
+Password for user/admin@KRBTEST.COM:
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>A user who authenticates with PKINIT would be able to obtain a ticket
+for the service principal:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ kinit -X X509_user_identity=FILE:/my/cert.pem,/my/key.pem user
+$ kvno host/high.value.server
+host/high.value.server@KRBTEST.COM: kvno = 1
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>but a user who authenticates with a password would not:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ kinit user
+Password for user@KRBTEST.COM:
+$ kvno host/high.value.server
+kvno: KDC policy rejects request while getting credentials for
+ host/high.value.server@KRBTEST.COM
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>GSSAPI server applications can inspect authentication indicators
+through the <a class="reference internal" href="../appdev/gssapi.html#gssapi-authind-attr"><span class="std std-ref">auth-indicators</span></a> name
+attribute.</p>
+</section>
+
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+
+ <h2>On this page</h2>
+ <ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Authentication indicators</a></li>
+</ul>
+
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+ <h2>Table of contents</h2>
+ <ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user/index.html">For users</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">For administrators</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html">Installation guide</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conf_files/index.html">Configuration Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="realm_config.html">Realm configuration decisions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="database.html">Database administration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dbtypes.html">Database types</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="lockout.html">Account lockout</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conf_ldap.html">Configuring Kerberos with OpenLDAP back-end</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="appl_servers.html">Application servers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="host_config.html">Host configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backup_host.html">Backups of secure hosts</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pkinit.html">PKINIT configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="otp.html">OTP Preauthentication</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="spake.html">SPAKE Preauthentication</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dictionary.html">Addressing dictionary attack risks</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="princ_dns.html">Principal names and DNS</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="enctypes.html">Encryption types</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="https.html">HTTPS proxy configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Authentication indicators</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin_commands/index.html">Administration programs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../mitK5defaults.html">MIT Kerberos defaults</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="env_variables.html">Environment variables</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/index.html">Advanced topics</a></li>
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+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../about.html">Contributing to the MIT Kerberos Documentation</a></li>
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