loader: provide a features table for binary compatibility advertisement

liblua now provides a loader.has_feature() function to probe the loader
binary for features advertised.  name => desc mappings are provided in
loader.features to get a list of all of the features loader *can*
support.  core.hasFeature is provided as a shim to loader.has_feature
so that individual consumers don't need to think about the logic of the
loader module not providing has_feature; we know that means the feature
isn't enabled.

The first consumer of this will be EARLY_ACPI to advertise that the
loader binary probes for ACPI presence before the interpreter has
started, so that we know whether we can trust the presence of acpi.rsdp
as relatively authoritative.  In general, it's intended to be used to
avoid breaking new scripts on older loaders within reason.

This will be used in lua as `core.hasFeature("EARLY_ACPI")`, while the
C bits of loader will `feature_enable(FEATURE_EARLY_ACPI)`.

Reviewed by:	imp
Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D42695

7 files changed, 197 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/stand/liblua/lutils.c b/stand/liblua/lutils.c
index 1792d0c8c620..274d9a39da21 100644
--- a/stand/liblua/lutils.c
+++ b/stand/liblua/lutils.c
@@ -76,6 +76,25 @@ lua_has_command(lua_State *L)
 }
 
 static int
+lua_has_feature(lua_State *L)
+{
+	const char	*feature;
+	char *msg;
+
+	feature = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+
+	if (feature_name_is_enabled(feature)) {
+		lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	lua_pushnil(L);
+	lua_pushstring(L, "Feature not enabled");
+	return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int
 lua_perform(lua_State *L)
 {
 	int	argc;
@@ -552,6 +571,7 @@ static const struct luaL_Reg loaderlib[] = {
 	REG_SIMPLE(parse),
 	REG_SIMPLE(getenv),
 	REG_SIMPLE(has_command),
+	REG_SIMPLE(has_feature),
 	REG_SIMPLE(perform),
 	REG_SIMPLE(printc),	/* Also registered as the global 'printc' */
 	REG_SIMPLE(setenv),
@@ -579,6 +599,33 @@ static const struct luaL_Reg iolib[] = {
 };
 #undef REG_SIMPLE
 
+static void
+lua_add_feature(void *cookie, const char *name, const char *desc, bool enabled)
+{
+	lua_State *L = cookie;
+
+	/*
+	 * The feature table consists solely of features that are enabled, and
+	 * their associated descriptions for debugging purposes.
+	 */
+	lua_pushstring(L, desc);
+	lua_setfield(L, -2, name);
+}
+
+static void
+lua_add_features(lua_State *L)
+{
+
+	lua_newtable(L);
+	feature_iter(&lua_add_feature, L);
+
+	/*
+	 * We should still have just the table on the stack after we're done
+	 * iterating.
+	 */
+	lua_setfield(L, -2, "features");
+}
+
 int
 luaopen_loader(lua_State *L)
 {
@@ -592,6 +639,7 @@ luaopen_loader(lua_State *L)
 	lua_setfield(L, -2, "lua_path");
 	lua_pushinteger(L, bootprog_rev);
 	lua_setfield(L, -2, "version");
+	lua_add_features(L);
 	/* Set global printc to loader.printc */
 	lua_register(L, "printc", lua_printc);
 	return 1;
diff --git a/stand/libsa/Makefile b/stand/libsa/Makefile
index 57340709873b..a1b9bc32e025 100644
--- a/stand/libsa/Makefile
+++ b/stand/libsa/Makefile
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ LIB?=		sa
 
 # standalone components and stuff we have modified locally
 SRCS+=	gzguts.h zutil.h __main.c abort.c assert.c bcd.c environment.c \
-	getopt.c gets.c globals.c \
+	features.c getopt.c gets.c globals.c \
 	hexdump.c nvstore.c pager.c panic.c printf.c strdup.c strerror.c \
 	random.c sbrk.c tslog.c twiddle.c zalloc.c zalloc_malloc.c
 
diff --git a/stand/libsa/features.c b/stand/libsa/features.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..23dce2b13b60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stand/libsa/features.c
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 Kyle Evans <kevans@FreeBSD.org>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+
+#include "stand.h"
+
+static uint32_t loader_features;
+
+#define	FEATURE_ENTRY(name, desc)	{ FEATURE_##name, #name, desc }
+static const struct feature_entry {
+	uint32_t	value;
+	const char	*name;
+	const char	*desc;
+} feature_map[] = {
+	FEATURE_ENTRY(EARLY_ACPI,  "Loader probes ACPI in early startup"),
+};
+
+void
+feature_enable(uint32_t mask)
+{
+
+	loader_features |= mask;
+}
+
+bool
+feature_name_is_enabled(const char *name)
+{
+	const struct feature_entry *entry;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nitems(feature_map); i++) {
+		entry = &feature_map[i];
+
+		if (strcmp(entry->name, name) == 0)
+			return ((loader_features & entry->value) != 0);
+	}
+
+	return (false);
+}
+
+void
+feature_iter(feature_iter_fn *iter_fn, void *cookie)
+{
+	const struct feature_entry *entry;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < nitems(feature_map); i++) {
+		entry = &feature_map[i];
+
+		(*iter_fn)(cookie, entry->name, entry->desc,
+		    (loader_features & entry->value) != 0);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/stand/libsa/libsa.3 b/stand/libsa/libsa.3
index a6f30051c8df..7643423b342a 100644
--- a/stand/libsa/libsa.3
+++ b/stand/libsa/libsa.3
@@ -497,6 +497,66 @@ Attempts to open and display the file
 .Fa fname .
 Returns -1 on error, 0 at EOF, or 1 if the user elects to quit while reading.
 .El
+.Sh FEATURE SUPPORT
+A set of functions are provided to communicate support of features from the
+loader binary to the interpreter.
+These are used to do something sensible if we are still operating with a loader
+binary that behaves differently than expected.
+.Bl -hang -width 10n
+.It Xo
+.Ft void
+.Fn feature_enable "uint32_t mask"
+.Xc
+.Pp
+Enable the referenced
+.Fa mask
+feature, which should be one of the
+.Li FEATURE_*
+macros defined in
+.In stand.h .
+.It Xo
+.Ft bool
+.Fn feature_name_is_enabled "const char *name"
+.Xc
+.Pp
+Check if the referenced
+.Fa name
+feature is enabled.
+The
+.Fa name
+is usually the same name as the
+.Li FEATURE_*
+macro, but with the FEATURE_ prefix stripped off.
+The authoritative source of feature names is the mapping table near the top in
+.Pa stand/libsa/features.c .
+.It Xo
+.Ft void
+.Fn "(feature_iter_fn)" "void *cookie" "const char *name" "const char *desc" "bool enabled"
+.Xc
+.Pp
+The
+.Fa cookie
+argument is passed as-is from the argument of the same name to
+.Fn feature_iter .
+The
+.Fa name
+and
+.Fa desc
+arguments are defined in the mapping table in
+.Pa stand/libsa/features.c .
+The
+.Fa enabled
+argument indicates the current status of the feature, though one could
+theoretically turn a feature off in later execution.
+As such, this should likely not be trusted if it is needed after the iteration
+has finished.
+.It Xo
+.Ft void
+.Fn "feature_iter" "feature_iter_fn *iter_fn" "void *cookie"
+.Xc
+.Pp
+Iterate over the current set of features.
+.El
 .Sh MISC
 .Bl -hang -width 10n
 .It Xo
diff --git a/stand/libsa/stand.h b/stand/libsa/stand.h
index b6ddebb82fd7..f500a8f47847 100644
--- a/stand/libsa/stand.h
+++ b/stand/libsa/stand.h
@@ -496,6 +496,21 @@ extern void *reallocf(void *, size_t);
  */
 caddr_t ptov(uintptr_t);
 
+/* features.c */
+typedef void (feature_iter_fn)(void *, const char *, const char *, bool);
+
+extern void feature_enable(uint32_t);
+extern bool feature_name_is_enabled(const char *);
+extern void feature_iter(feature_iter_fn *, void *);
+
+/*
+ * Note that these should also be added to the mapping table in features.c,
+ * which the interpreter may query to provide details from.  The name with
+ * FEATURE_ removed is assumed to be the name we'll provide in the loader
+ * features table, just to simplify reasoning about these.
+ */
+#define	FEATURE_EARLY_ACPI	0x0001
+
 /* hexdump.c */
 void	hexdump(caddr_t region, size_t len);
 
diff --git a/stand/lua/core.lua b/stand/lua/core.lua
index 5c3c65463e51..3a80b0822ca6 100644
--- a/stand/lua/core.lua
+++ b/stand/lua/core.lua
@@ -378,6 +378,15 @@ function core.boot(argstr)
 	loader.perform(composeLoaderCmd("boot", argstr))
 end
 
+function core.hasFeature(name)
+	if not loader.has_feature then
+		-- Loader too old, no feature support
+		return nil, "No feature support in loaded loader"
+	end
+
+	return loader.has_feature(name)
+end
+
 function core.isSingleUserBoot()
 	local single_user = loader.getenv("boot_single")
 	return single_user ~= nil and single_user:lower() == "yes"
diff --git a/stand/lua/core.lua.8 b/stand/lua/core.lua.8
index 5274ba4c2143..84447d7632b9 100644
--- a/stand/lua/core.lua.8
+++ b/stand/lua/core.lua.8
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
-.Dd November 20, 2023
+.Dd December 8, 2023
 .Dt CORE.LUA 8
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -142,6 +142,13 @@ due to a boot environment change or a potential change in either
 .Ic kernel
 or
 .Ic kernels .
+.It Fn core.hasFeature featureName
+Checks whether the named
+.Fa featureName
+is enabled in the current loader.
+This is specifically used for detecting capabilities of the loaded loader
+binary, so that one can reasonably implement backwards compatibility shims if
+needed.
 .It Fn core.kernelList
 Returns a table of kernels to display on the boot menu.
 This will combine