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diff --git a/bin/ps/ps.1 b/bin/ps/ps.1 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..542004453658 --- /dev/null +++ b/bin/ps/ps.1 @@ -0,0 +1,1019 @@ +.\"- +.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause +.\" +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" Copyright (c) 2025 The FreeBSD Foundation +.\" +.\" Portions of this documentation were written by Olivier Certner +.\" <olce@FreeBSD.org> at Kumacom SARL under sponsorship from the FreeBSD + \" Foundation. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.Dd July 16, 2025 +.Dt PS 1 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm ps +.Nd process status +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl -libxo +.Op Fl AaCcdefHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ +.Op Fl O Ar fmt +.Op Fl o Ar fmt +.Op Fl D Ar up | down | both +.Op Fl G Ar gid Ns Op , Ns Ar gid Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl J Ar jid Ns Op , Ns Ar jid Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl M Ar core +.Op Fl N Ar system +.Op Fl p Ar pid Ns Op , Ns Ar pid Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl t Ar tty Ns Op , Ns Ar tty Ns Ar ... +.Op Fl U Ar user Ns Op , Ns Ar user Ns Ar ... +.Nm +.Op Fl -libxo +.Fl L +.Sh DESCRIPTION +The +.Nm +utility displays information about a selection of processes. +Its traditional text style output consists of a header line followed by one line +of information per selected process, or possibly multiple ones if using +.Fl H +.Pq one per lightweight-process . +Other output styles can be requested via +.Fl -libxo . +.Pp +By default, only the processes of the calling user, determined by matching their +effective user ID with that of the +.Nm +process, that have controlling terminals are shown. +A different set of processes can be selected for display by using combinations +of the +.Fl A , a , D , G , J , p , T , t , U , X , +and +.Fl x +options. +Except for options +.Fl X +and +.Fl x , +as soon as one of them appears, it inhibits the default process selection, i.e., +the calling user's processes are shown only on request. +If more than one of these +.Pq with same exceptions +appear, +.Nm +will select processes as soon as they are matched by at least one of them +.Pq inclusive OR . +The +.Fl X +option can be independently used to further filter the listed processes to only +those that have a controlling terminal +.Po +except for those selected by +.Fl p +.Pc . +Its opposite, +.Fl x , +forcefully removes that filter. +If none of +.Fl X +and +.Fl x +is specified, the implied default behavior is that of +.Fl X +unless using another option whose description explicitly says that +.Fl x +is implied. +.Pp +For each selected process, the default displayed information consists of the +process' ID, controlling terminal, state, CPU time +.Pq including both user and system time +and associated command +.Po +see the documentation for the +.Cm command +keyword below +.Pc . +This information can be tweaked using two groups of options which can be +combined as needed. +First, options +.Fl o +and +.Fl O +add columns with data corresponding to the explicitly passed keywords. +Available keywords are documented in the +.Sx KEYWORDS +section below. +They can be listed using option +.Fl L . +Second, options +.Fl j , l , u , +and +.Fl v +designate specific predefined groups of columns, also called canned displays. +Appearance of any of these options inhibits the default display, replacing it +all with the requested columns, and in the order options are passed. +The individual columns requested via a canned display option that have the same +keyword or an alias to that of some column added by an earlier canned display +option, or by an explicit +.Fl O +or +.Fl o +option anywhere on the command line, are suppressed. +This automatic removal of duplicate data in canned displays is useful for +slightly tweaking these displays and/or combining multiple ones without having +to rebuild variants from scratch, e.g., using only +.Fl o +options. +.Pp +Output information lines are by default sorted first by controlling terminal, +then by process ID, and then, if +.Fl H +has been specified, by lightweight-process (thread) ID. +The +.Fl m , r , u , +and +.Fl v +options will change the sort order. +If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes +will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified. +.Pp +If the traditional text output (the default) is used, the default output width is that requested by the +.Ev COLUMNS +environment variable if present, else the line width of the terminal associated +to the +.Nm +process, if any. +In all other situations, the output width is unlimited. +See also the +.Fl w +option and the +.Sx BUGS +section. +.Pp +For backwards compatibility, +.Nm +attempts to interpret any positional argument as a process ID, as if specified +by the +.Fl p +option. +Failure to do so will trigger an error. +.Nm +also accepts the old-style BSD options, whose format and effect are left +undocumented on purpose. +.Pp +The options are as follows: +.Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl -libxo +Generate output via +.Xr libxo 3 +in a selection of different human and machine readable formats. +See +.Xr xo_options 7 +for details on command line arguments. +The default is the traditional text style output. +.It Fl A +Display information about all processes in the system. +Using this option is strictly equivalent to specifying both +.Fl a +and +.Fl x . +Please see their description for more information. +.It Fl a +Display information about all users' processes. +It does not, however, list all processes +.Po +see +.Fl A +and +.Fl x +.Pc . +If the +.Va security.bsd.see_other_uids +sysctl is set to zero, this option is honored only if the real user ID of the +.Nm +process is 0. +.It Fl C +Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a +.Dq raw +CPU calculation that ignores +.Dq resident +time (this normally has +no effect). +.It Fl c +Change the +.Dq command +column output to just contain the executable name, +rather than the full command line. +.It Fl D +Expand the list of selected processes based on the process tree. +.Dq UP +will add the ancestor processes, +.Dq DOWN +will add the descendant processes, and +.Dq BOTH +will add both the ancestor and the descendant processes. +.Fl D +does not imply +.Fl d , +but works well with it. +.It Fl d +Arrange processes into descendancy order and prefix each command with +indentation text showing sibling and parent/child relationships as a tree. +If either of the +.Fl m +and +.Fl r +options are also used, they control how sibling processes are sorted +relative to each other. +Note that this option has no effect if the last column does not have +.Cm comm , +.Cm command +or +.Cm ucomm +as its keyword. +.It Fl e +Display the environment as well. +.It Fl f +Indicates to print the full command and arguments in +.Cm command +columns. +This is the default behavior on +.Fx . +See +.Fl c +to turn it off. +.It Fl G +Display information about processes whose real group ID matches the specified +group IDs or names. +Implies +.Fl x +by default. +.It Fl H +Show all of the threads associated with each process. +.It Fl h +Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one +header per page of information. +.It Fl J +Display information about processes which match the specified jail IDs. +This may be either the +.Cm jid +or +.Cm name +of the jail. +Use +.Fl J +.Sy 0 +to request display of host processes. +Implies +.Fl x +by default. +.It Fl j +Print information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sid , jobc , state , tt , time , +and +.Cm command . +.It Fl L +List the set of keywords available for the +.Fl O +and +.Fl o +options. +.It Fl l +Display information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , mwchan , state , +.Cm tt , time , +and +.Cm command . +.It Fl M +Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core +instead of the currently running system. +.It Fl m +Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling +terminal and process ID. +.It Fl N +Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default, +which is the kernel image the system has booted from. +.It Fl O +Save passed columns in a separate list that in the end is grafted just after the +display's first occurence of the process ID column as specified by other +options, or the default display if there is none. +If the display prepared by other options does not include a process ID column, +the list is inserted at start of the display. +Further occurences of +.Fl O +append to the to-be-grafted list of columns. +This option takes a space- or comma-separated list of keywords. +The last keyword in the list may be appended with an equals sign +.Pq Ql = +as explained for option +.Fl o +and with the same effect. +.It Fl o +Display information associated with the space- or comma-separated list of +keywords specified. +The last keyword in the list may be appended with an equals sign +.Pq Ql = +and a string that spans the rest of the argument, and can contain +space and comma characters. +This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of +the standard header. +Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one +.Fl o +option. +So the header texts for multiple keywords can be changed. +If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written. +.It Fl p +Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs. +Processes selected by this option are not subject to being filtered by +.Fl X . +.It Fl r +Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling +terminal and process ID. +.It Fl S +Change the way the process times, namely cputime, systime, and usertime, +are calculated by summing all exited children to their parent process. +.It Fl T +Display information about processes attached to the device associated +with the standard input. +.It Fl t +Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal +devices. +Full pathnames, as well as abbreviations (see explanation of the +.Cm tt +keyword) can be specified. +Implies +.Fl x +by default. +.It Fl U +Display information about processes whose real user ID matches the specified +user IDs or names. +Implies +.Fl x +by default. +.It Fl u +Display information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time , +and +.Cm command . +The +.Fl u +option implies the +.Fl r +option. +.It Fl v +Display information associated with the following keywords: +.Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz , +.Cm %cpu , %mem , +and +.Cm command . +The +.Fl v +option implies the +.Fl m +option. +.It Fl w +Use at least 131 columns to display information. +If +.Fl w +is specified more than once, +.Nm +will use as many columns as necessary. +Please see the preamble of this manual page for how the output width is +initially determined. +In particular, if the initial output width is unlimited, specifying +.Fl w +has no effect. +Please also consult the +.Sx BUGS +section. +.It Fl X +When displaying processes selected by other options, skip any processes which do +not have a controlling terminal, except for those selected through +.Fl p . +This is the default behaviour, unless using another option whose description +explicitly says that +.Fl x +is implied. +.It Fl x +When displaying processes selected by other options, include processes which do +not have a controlling terminal. +This option has the opposite behavior to that of +.Fl X . +If both +.Fl X +and +.Fl x +are specified, +.Nm +will obey the last occurence. +.It Fl Z +Add +.Xr mac 4 +label to the list of keywords for which +.Nm +will display information. +.El +.Sh KEYWORDS +The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their meanings. +Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms). +Detailed descriptions for some of them can be found after this list. +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact +.It Cm %cpu +percentage CPU usage (alias +.Cm pcpu ) +.It Cm %mem +percentage memory usage (alias +.Cm pmem ) +.It Cm acflag +accounting flag (alias +.Cm acflg ) +.It Cm args +command and arguments +.It Cm class +login class +.It Cm comm +command +.It Cm command +command and arguments +.It Cm cow +number of copy-on-write faults +.It Cm cpu +The processor number on which the process is executing (visible only on SMP +systems). +.It Cm dsiz +data size in KiB +.It Cm emul +system-call emulation environment (ABI) +.It Cm etime +elapsed running time, format +.Do +.Op days- Ns +.Op hours\&: Ns +minutes:seconds +.Dc +.It Cm etimes +elapsed running time, in decimal integer seconds +.It Cm fib +default FIB number, see +.Xr setfib 1 +.It Cm flags +the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias +.Cm f ) +.It Cm flags2 +the additional set of process flags, in hexadecimal (alias +.Cm f2 ) +.It Cm gid +effective group ID (alias +.Cm egid ) +.It Cm group +group name (from egid) (alias +.Cm egroup ) +.It Cm inblk +total blocks read (alias +.Cm inblock ) +.It Cm jail +jail name +.It Cm jid +jail ID +.It Cm jobc +job control count +.It Cm ktrace +tracing flags +.It Cm label +MAC label +.It Cm lim +memoryuse limit +.It Cm lockname +lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name) +.It Cm logname +login name of user who started the session +.It Cm lstart +time started +.It Cm lwp +thread (light-weight process) ID (alias +.Cm tid ) +.It Cm majflt +total page faults +.It Cm minflt +total page reclaims +.It Cm msgrcv +total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets) +.It Cm msgsnd +total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets) +.It Cm mwchan +wait channel or lock currently blocked on +.It Cm nice +nice value (alias +.Cm ni ) +.It Cm nivcsw +total involuntary context switches +.It Cm nlwp +number of threads (light-weight processes) tied to a process +.It Cm nsigs +total signals taken (alias +.Cm nsignals ) +.It Cm nswap +total swaps in/out +.It Cm nvcsw +total voluntary context switches +.It Cm nwchan +wait channel (as an address) +.It Cm oublk +total blocks written (alias +.Cm oublock ) +.It Cm paddr +process pointer +.It Cm pagein +pageins (same as majflt) +.It Cm pgid +process group number +.It Cm pid +process ID +.It Cm ppid +parent process ID +.It Cm pri +scheduling priority +.It Cm re +core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity) +.It Cm rgid +real group ID +.It Cm rgroup +group name (from rgid) +.It Cm rss +resident set size in KiB +.It Cm rtprio +realtime priority (see +.Xr rtprio 1) +.It Cm ruid +real user ID +.It Cm ruser +user name (from ruid) +.It Cm sid +session ID +.It Cm sig +pending signals (alias +.Cm pending ) +.It Cm sigcatch +caught signals (alias +.Cm caught ) +.It Cm sigignore +ignored signals (alias +.Cm ignored ) +.It Cm sigmask +blocked signals (alias +.Cm blocked ) +.It Cm sl +sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity) +.It Cm ssiz +stack size in KiB +.It Cm start +time started +.It Cm state +symbolic process state (alias +.Cm stat ) +.It Cm svgid +saved gid from a setgid executable +.It Cm svuid +saved UID from a setuid executable +.It Cm systime +accumulated system CPU time +.It Cm tdaddr +thread address +.It Cm tdname +thread name +.It Cm tdev +control terminal device number +.It Cm time +accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias +.Cm cputime ) +.It Cm tpgid +control terminal process group ID +.It Cm tracer +tracer process ID +.\".It Cm trss +.\"text resident set size in KiB +.It Cm tsid +control terminal session ID +.It Cm tsiz +text size in KiB +.It Cm tt +control terminal name (two letter abbreviation) +.It Cm tty +full name of control terminal +.It Cm ucomm +process name used for accounting +.It Cm uid +effective user ID (alias +.Cm euid ) +.It Cm upr +scheduling priority on return from system call (alias +.Cm usrpri ) +.It Cm uprocp +process pointer +.It Cm user +user name (from UID) +.It Cm usertime +accumulated user CPU time +.It Cm vmaddr +vmspace pointer +.It Cm vsz +virtual size in KiB (alias +.Cm vsize ) +.It Cm wchan +wait channel (as a symbolic name) +.It Cm xstat +exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process) +.El +.Pp +Some of these keywords are further specified as follows: +.Bl -tag -width lockname +.It Cm %cpu +The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to +a minute of previous (real) time. +Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may +be very young) it is possible for the sum of all +.Cm %cpu +fields to exceed 100%. +.It Cm %mem +The percentage of real memory used by this process. +.It Cm class +Login class associated with the process. +.It Cm command +The printed command and arguments are determined as follows. +A process that has exited and has a parent that has not yet waited for the +process (in other words, a zombie) is listed as +.Dq Li <defunct>. +If the arguments cannot be located +.Po +usually because they have not been set, as is the case for system processes +and/or kernel threads +.Pc , +the command name is printed within square brackets. +The +.Nm +utility first tries to obtain the arguments cached by the kernel +.Po +if they were shorter than the value of the +.Va kern.ps_arg_cache_limit +sysctl +.Pc . +The process can change the arguments shown with +.Xr setproctitle 3 . +Otherwise, +.Nm +makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the +process was created by examining memory or the swap area. +The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process +is entitled to destroy this information. +The +.Cm ucomm +keyword +.Pq accounting +can, however, be depended on. +If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the +.Cm ucomm +keyword, the value for the +.Cm ucomm +keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses. +.It Cm flags +The flags associated with the process as in +the include file +.In sys/proc.h : +.Bl -column P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY 0x40000000 +.It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00000001" Ta "Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock" +.It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00000002" Ta "Has a controlling terminal" +.It Dv "P_KPROC" Ta No "0x00000004" Ta "Kernel process" +.It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00000010" Ta "Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit" +.It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00000020" Ta "Has started profiling" +.It Dv "P_STOPPROF" Ta No "0x00000040" Ta "Has thread in requesting to stop prof" +.It Dv "P_HADTHREADS" Ta No "0x00000080" Ta "Has had threads (no cleanup shortcuts)" +.It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00000100" Ta "Had set id privileges since last exec" +.It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00000200" Ta "System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping" +.It Dv "P_SINGLE_EXIT" Ta No "0x00000400" Ta "Threads suspending should exit, not wait" +.It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00000800" Ta "Debugged process being traced" +.It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x00001000" Ta "Someone is waiting for us" +.It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x00002000" Ta "Working on exiting" +.It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x00004000" Ta "Process called exec" +.It Dv "P_WKILLED" Ta No "0x00008000" Ta "Killed, shall go to kernel/user boundary ASAP" +.It Dv "P_CONTINUED" Ta No "0x00010000" Ta "Proc has continued from a stopped state" +.It Dv "P_STOPPED_SIG" Ta No "0x00020000" Ta "Stopped due to SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP" +.It Dv "P_STOPPED_TRACE" Ta No "0x00040000" Ta "Stopped because of tracing" +.It Dv "P_STOPPED_SINGLE" Ta No "0x00080000" Ta "Only one thread can continue" +.It Dv "P_PROTECTED" Ta No "0x00100000" Ta "Do not kill on memory overcommit" +.It Dv "P_SIGEVENT" Ta No "0x00200000" Ta "Process pending signals changed" +.It Dv "P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY" Ta No "0x00400000" Ta "Threads should suspend at user boundary" +.It Dv "P_HWPMC" Ta No "0x00800000" Ta "Process is using HWPMCs" +.It Dv "P_JAILED" Ta No "0x01000000" Ta "Process is in jail" +.It Dv "P_TOTAL_STOP" Ta No "0x02000000" Ta "Stopped for system suspend" +.It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x04000000" Ta Process is in Xr execve 2 +.It Dv "P_STATCHILD" Ta No "0x08000000" Ta "Child process stopped or exited" +.It Dv "P_INMEM" Ta No "0x10000000" Ta "Always set, unused" +.It Dv "P_PPTRACE" Ta No "0x80000000" Ta "Vforked child issued ptrace(PT_TRACEME)" +.El +.It Cm flags2 +The flags kept in +.Va p_flag2 +associated with the process as in +the include file +.In sys/proc.h : +.Bl -column P2_INHERIT_PROTECTED 0x00000001 +.It Dv "P2_INHERIT_PROTECTED" Ta No "0x00000001" Ta "New children get P_PROTECTED" +.It Dv "P2_NOTRACE" Ta No "0x00000002" Ta "No" Xr ptrace 2 attach or coredumps +.It Dv "P2_NOTRACE_EXEC" Ta No "0x00000004" Ta Keep P2_NOPTRACE on Xr execve 2 +.It Dv "P2_AST_SU" Ta No "0x00000008" Ta "Handles SU ast for kthreads" +.It Dv "P2_PTRACE_FSTP" Ta No "0x00000010" Ta "SIGSTOP from PT_ATTACH not yet handled" +.It Dv "P2_TRAPCAP" Ta No "0x00000020" Ta "SIGTRAP on ENOTCAPABLE" +.It Dv "P2_ASLR_ENABLE" Ta No "0x00000040" Ta "Force enable ASLR" +.It Dv "P2_ASLR_DISABLE" Ta No "0x00000080" Ta "Force disable ASLR" +.It Dv "P2_ASLR_IGNSTART" Ta No "0x00000100" Ta "Enable ASLR to consume sbrk area" +.It Dv "P2_PROTMAX_ENABLE" Ta No "0x00000200" Ta "Force enable implied PROT_MAX" +.It Dv "P2_PROTMAX_DISABLE" Ta No "0x00000400" Ta "Force disable implied PROT_MAX" +.It Dv "P2_STKGAP_DISABLE" Ta No "0x00000800" Ta "Disable stack gap for MAP_STACK" +.It Dv "P2_STKGAP_DISABLE_EXEC" Ta No "0x00001000" Ta "Stack gap disabled after exec" +.It Dv "P2_ITSTOPPED" Ta No "0x00002000" Ta "itimers stopped (as part of process stop)" +.It Dv "P2_PTRACEREQ" Ta No "0x00004000" Ta "Active ptrace req" +.It Dv "P2_NO_NEW_PRIVS" Ta No "0x00008000" Ta "Ignore setuid on exec" +.It Dv "P2_WXORX_DISABLE" Ta No "0x00010000" Ta "WX mappings enabled" +.It Dv "P2_WXORX_ENABLE_EXEC" Ta No "0x00020000" Ta "WxorX enabled after exec" +.It Dv "P2_WEXIT" Ta No "0x00040000" Ta "Internal exit early state" +.It Dv "P2_REAPKILLED" Ta No "0x00080000" Ta "REAP_KILL pass handled the process" +.It Dv "P2_MEMBAR_PRIVE" Ta No "0x00100000" Ta "membarrier private expedited registered" +.It Dv "P2_MEMBAR_PRIVE_SYNCORE" Ta No "0x00200000" Ta "membarrier private expedited sync core registered" +.It Dv "P2_MEMBAR_GLOBE" Ta No "0x00400000" Ta "membar global expedited registered" +.El +.It Cm label +The MAC label of the process. +.It Cm lim +The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to +.Xr setrlimit 2 . +.It Cm lstart +The exact time the command started, using the +.Ql %c +format described in +.Xr strftime 3 . +.It Cm lockname +The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on. +If the name is invalid or unknown, then +.Dq ???\& +is displayed. +.It Cm logname +The login name associated with the session the process is in (see +.Xr getlogin 2 ) . +.It Cm mwchan +The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if +the process is blocked on a lock. +See the wchan and lockname keywords +for details. +.It Cm nice +The process scheduling increment (see +.Xr setpriority 2 ) . +.It Cm rss +the real memory (resident set) size of the process in KiB. +.It Cm start +The time the command started. +If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is +displayed using the +.Dq Li %H:%M +format described in +.Xr strftime 3 . +If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is +displayed using the +.Dq Li %a%H +format. +Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the +.Dq Li %e%b%y +format. +.It Cm sig +The bitmask of signals pending in the process queue if the +.Fl H +option has not been specified, else the per-thread queue of pending signals. +.It Cm state +The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example, +.Dq Li RWNA . +The first character indicates the run state of the process: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width indent -compact +.It Li D +Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait. +.It Li I +Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds). +.It Li L +Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock. +.It Li R +Marks a runnable process. +.It Li S +Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds. +.It Li T +Marks a stopped process. +.It Li W +Marks an idle interrupt thread. +.It Li Z +Marks a dead process (a +.Dq zombie ) . +.El +.Pp +Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state +information: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width indent -compact +.It Li + +The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal. +.It Li < +The process has raised CPU scheduling priority. +.It Li C +The process is in +.Xr capsicum 4 +capability mode. +.It Li E +The process is trying to exit. +.It Li J +Marks a process which is in +.Xr jail 2 . +The hostname of the prison can be found in +.Pa /proc/ Ns Ao Ar pid Ac Ns Pa /status . +.It Li L +The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw I/O). +.It Li N +The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see +.Xr setpriority 2 ) . +.It Li s +The process is a session leader. +.It Li V +The process' parent is suspended during a +.Xr vfork 2 , +waiting for the process to exec or exit. +.It Li X +The process is being traced or debugged. +.El +.It Cm tt +An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any. +The abbreviation consists of the three letters following +.Pa /dev/tty , +or, for pseudo-terminals, the corresponding entry in +.Pa /dev/pts . +This is followed by a +.Ql - +if the process can no longer reach that +controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked). +A +.Ql - +without a preceding two letter abbreviation or pseudo-terminal device number +indicates a process which never had a controlling terminal. +The full pathname of the controlling terminal is available via the +.Cm tty +keyword. +.It Cm wchan +The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits. +When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is +trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints +as 324000. +.El +.Sh ENVIRONMENT +The following environment variables affect the execution of +.Nm : +.Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS" +.It Ev COLUMNS +If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions. +Only affects the traditional text style output. +Please see the preamble of this manual page on how the final output width is +determined. +.El +.Sh FILES +.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/kernel/kernel" -compact +.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel +default system namelist +.El +.Sh EXIT STATUS +.Ex -std +.Sh EXAMPLES +Display information on all system processes: +.Pp +.Dl $ ps -auxw +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr kill 1 , +.Xr pgrep 1 , +.Xr pkill 1 , +.Xr procstat 1 , +.Xr w 1 , +.Xr kvm 3 , +.Xr libxo 3 , +.Xr strftime 3 , +.Xr xo_options 7 , +.Xr mac 4 , +.Xr procfs 4 , +.Xr pstat 8 , +.Xr sysctl 8 , +.Xr mutex 9 +.Sh STANDARDS +For historical reasons, the +.Nm +utility under +.Fx +supports a different set of options from what is described by +.St -p1003.1-2024 +and what is supported on +.No non- Ns Bx +operating systems. +.Pp +In particular, and contrary to this implementation, POSIX specifies that option +.Fl d +should serve to select all processes except session leaders, option +.Fl e +to select all processes +.Po +equivalently to +.Fl A +.Pc , +and option +.Fl u +to select processes by effective user ID. +.Pp +However, options +.Fl A , a , G , l , o , p , U , +and +.Fl t +behave as prescribed by +.St -p1003.1-2024 . +Options +.Fl f +and +.Fl w +currently do not, but may be changed to in the future. +.Pp +POSIX's option +.Fl g , +to select processes having the specified processes as their session leader, is +not implemented. +However, other UNIX systems that provide this functionality do so via option +.Fl s +instead, reserving +.Fl g +to query by group leaders. +.Sh HISTORY +The +.Nm +command appeared in +.At v3 +in section 8 of the manual. +.Sh BUGS +Since +.Nm +cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled +process, the information it displays can never be exact. +.Pp +.Nm ps +currently does not correctly limit the ouput width, and in most cases does not +limit it at all when it should. +Regardless of the target width, requested columns are always all printed and +with widths allowing to entirely print their longest values, except for columns +with keyword +.Cm command +or +.Cm args +that are not last in the display +.Pq they are truncated to 16 bytes , +and for the last column in the display if its keyword requests textual +information of variable length, such as the +.Cm command , jail , +and +.Cm user +keywords do. +This considerably limits the effects and usefulness of the terminal width on the +output, and consequently that of the +.Ev COLUMNS +environment variable and the +.Fl w +option +.Pq if specified only once . +.Pp +The +.Nm +utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte +characters. |