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+//=== VLASizeChecker.cpp - Undefined dereference checker --------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This defines VLASizeChecker, a builtin check in ExprEngine that
+// performs checks for declaration of VLA of undefined or zero size.
+// In addition, VLASizeChecker is responsible for defining the extent
+// of the MemRegion that represents a VLA.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "clang/AST/CharUnits.h"
+#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/BuiltinCheckerRegistration.h"
+#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/Taint.h"
+#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"
+#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"
+#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
+#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h"
+#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/DynamicExtent.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include <optional>
+
+using namespace clang;
+using namespace ento;
+using namespace taint;
+
+namespace {
+class VLASizeChecker
+ : public Checker<check::PreStmt<DeclStmt>,
+ check::PreStmt<UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr>> {
+ const BugType BT{this, "Dangerous variable-length array (VLA) declaration"};
+ const BugType TaintBT{this,
+ "Dangerous variable-length array (VLA) declaration",
+ categories::TaintedData};
+ enum VLASize_Kind { VLA_Garbage, VLA_Zero, VLA_Negative, VLA_Overflow };
+
+ /// Check a VLA for validity.
+ /// Every dimension of the array and the total size is checked for validity.
+ /// Returns null or a new state where the size is validated.
+ /// 'ArraySize' will contain SVal that refers to the total size (in char)
+ /// of the array.
+ ProgramStateRef checkVLA(CheckerContext &C, ProgramStateRef State,
+ const VariableArrayType *VLA, SVal &ArraySize) const;
+ /// Check a single VLA index size expression for validity.
+ ProgramStateRef checkVLAIndexSize(CheckerContext &C, ProgramStateRef State,
+ const Expr *SizeE) const;
+
+ void reportBug(VLASize_Kind Kind, const Expr *SizeE, ProgramStateRef State,
+ CheckerContext &C) const;
+
+ void reportTaintBug(const Expr *SizeE, ProgramStateRef State,
+ CheckerContext &C, SVal TaintedSVal) const;
+
+public:
+ void checkPreStmt(const DeclStmt *DS, CheckerContext &C) const;
+ void checkPreStmt(const UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr *UETTE,
+ CheckerContext &C) const;
+};
+} // end anonymous namespace
+
+ProgramStateRef VLASizeChecker::checkVLA(CheckerContext &C,
+ ProgramStateRef State,
+ const VariableArrayType *VLA,
+ SVal &ArraySize) const {
+ assert(VLA && "Function should be called with non-null VLA argument.");
+
+ const VariableArrayType *VLALast = nullptr;
+ llvm::SmallVector<const Expr *, 2> VLASizes;
+
+ // Walk over the VLAs for every dimension until a non-VLA is found.
+ // There is a VariableArrayType for every dimension (fixed or variable) until
+ // the most inner array that is variably modified.
+ // Dimension sizes are collected into 'VLASizes'. 'VLALast' is set to the
+ // innermost VLA that was encountered.
+ // In "int vla[x][2][y][3]" this will be the array for index "y" (with type
+ // int[3]). 'VLASizes' contains 'x', '2', and 'y'.
+ while (VLA) {
+ const Expr *SizeE = VLA->getSizeExpr();
+ State = checkVLAIndexSize(C, State, SizeE);
+ if (!State)
+ return nullptr;
+ VLASizes.push_back(SizeE);
+ VLALast = VLA;
+ VLA = C.getASTContext().getAsVariableArrayType(VLA->getElementType());
+ };
+ assert(VLALast &&
+ "Array should have at least one variably-modified dimension.");
+
+ ASTContext &Ctx = C.getASTContext();
+ SValBuilder &SVB = C.getSValBuilder();
+ CanQualType SizeTy = Ctx.getSizeType();
+ uint64_t SizeMax =
+ SVB.getBasicValueFactory().getMaxValue(SizeTy).getZExtValue();
+
+ // Get the element size.
+ CharUnits EleSize = Ctx.getTypeSizeInChars(VLALast->getElementType());
+ NonLoc ArrSize =
+ SVB.makeIntVal(EleSize.getQuantity(), SizeTy).castAs<NonLoc>();
+
+ // Try to calculate the known real size of the array in KnownSize.
+ uint64_t KnownSize = 0;
+ if (const llvm::APSInt *KV = SVB.getKnownValue(State, ArrSize))
+ KnownSize = KV->getZExtValue();
+
+ for (const Expr *SizeE : VLASizes) {
+ auto SizeD = C.getSVal(SizeE).castAs<DefinedSVal>();
+ // Convert the array length to size_t.
+ NonLoc IndexLength =
+ SVB.evalCast(SizeD, SizeTy, SizeE->getType()).castAs<NonLoc>();
+ // Multiply the array length by the element size.
+ SVal Mul = SVB.evalBinOpNN(State, BO_Mul, ArrSize, IndexLength, SizeTy);
+ if (auto MulNonLoc = Mul.getAs<NonLoc>())
+ ArrSize = *MulNonLoc;
+ else
+ // Extent could not be determined.
+ return State;
+
+ if (const llvm::APSInt *IndexLVal = SVB.getKnownValue(State, IndexLength)) {
+ // Check if the array size will overflow.
+ // Size overflow check does not work with symbolic expressions because a
+ // overflow situation can not be detected easily.
+ uint64_t IndexL = IndexLVal->getZExtValue();
+ // FIXME: See https://reviews.llvm.org/D80903 for discussion of
+ // some difference in assume and getKnownValue that leads to
+ // unexpected behavior. Just bail on IndexL == 0 at this point.
+ if (IndexL == 0)
+ return nullptr;
+
+ if (KnownSize <= SizeMax / IndexL) {
+ KnownSize *= IndexL;
+ } else {
+ // Array size does not fit into size_t.
+ reportBug(VLA_Overflow, SizeE, State, C);
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+ } else {
+ KnownSize = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ArraySize = ArrSize;
+
+ return State;
+}
+
+ProgramStateRef VLASizeChecker::checkVLAIndexSize(CheckerContext &C,
+ ProgramStateRef State,
+ const Expr *SizeE) const {
+ SVal SizeV = C.getSVal(SizeE);
+
+ if (SizeV.isUndef()) {
+ reportBug(VLA_Garbage, SizeE, State, C);
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+
+ // See if the size value is known. It can't be undefined because we would have
+ // warned about that already.
+ if (SizeV.isUnknown())
+ return nullptr;
+
+ // Check if the size is zero.
+ DefinedSVal SizeD = SizeV.castAs<DefinedSVal>();
+
+ ProgramStateRef StateNotZero, StateZero;
+ std::tie(StateNotZero, StateZero) = State->assume(SizeD);
+
+ if (StateZero && !StateNotZero) {
+ reportBug(VLA_Zero, SizeE, StateZero, C);
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+
+ // From this point on, assume that the size is not zero.
+ State = StateNotZero;
+
+ // Check if the size is negative.
+ SValBuilder &SVB = C.getSValBuilder();
+
+ QualType SizeTy = SizeE->getType();
+ DefinedOrUnknownSVal Zero = SVB.makeZeroVal(SizeTy);
+
+ SVal LessThanZeroVal =
+ SVB.evalBinOp(State, BO_LT, SizeD, Zero, SVB.getConditionType());
+ ProgramStateRef StatePos, StateNeg;
+ if (std::optional<DefinedSVal> LessThanZeroDVal =
+ LessThanZeroVal.getAs<DefinedSVal>()) {
+ ConstraintManager &CM = C.getConstraintManager();
+
+ std::tie(StateNeg, StatePos) = CM.assumeDual(State, *LessThanZeroDVal);
+ if (StateNeg && !StatePos) {
+ reportBug(VLA_Negative, SizeE, State, C);
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+ State = StatePos;
+ }
+
+ // Check if the size is tainted.
+ if ((StateNeg || StateZero) && isTainted(State, SizeV)) {
+ reportTaintBug(SizeE, State, C, SizeV);
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+
+ return State;
+}
+
+void VLASizeChecker::reportTaintBug(const Expr *SizeE, ProgramStateRef State,
+ CheckerContext &C, SVal TaintedSVal) const {
+ // Generate an error node.
+ ExplodedNode *N = C.generateErrorNode(State);
+ if (!N)
+ return;
+
+ SmallString<256> buf;
+ llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(buf);
+ os << "Declared variable-length array (VLA) ";
+ os << "has tainted (attacker controlled) size that can be 0 or negative";
+
+ auto report = std::make_unique<PathSensitiveBugReport>(TaintBT, os.str(), N);
+ report->addRange(SizeE->getSourceRange());
+ bugreporter::trackExpressionValue(N, SizeE, *report);
+ // The vla size may be a complex expression where multiple memory locations
+ // are tainted.
+ for (auto Sym : getTaintedSymbols(State, TaintedSVal))
+ report->markInteresting(Sym);
+ C.emitReport(std::move(report));
+}
+
+void VLASizeChecker::reportBug(VLASize_Kind Kind, const Expr *SizeE,
+ ProgramStateRef State, CheckerContext &C) const {
+ // Generate an error node.
+ ExplodedNode *N = C.generateErrorNode(State);
+ if (!N)
+ return;
+
+ SmallString<256> buf;
+ llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(buf);
+ os << "Declared variable-length array (VLA) ";
+ switch (Kind) {
+ case VLA_Garbage:
+ os << "uses a garbage value as its size";
+ break;
+ case VLA_Zero:
+ os << "has zero size";
+ break;
+ case VLA_Negative:
+ os << "has negative size";
+ break;
+ case VLA_Overflow:
+ os << "has too large size";
+ break;
+ }
+
+ auto report = std::make_unique<PathSensitiveBugReport>(BT, os.str(), N);
+ report->addRange(SizeE->getSourceRange());
+ bugreporter::trackExpressionValue(N, SizeE, *report);
+ C.emitReport(std::move(report));
+}
+
+void VLASizeChecker::checkPreStmt(const DeclStmt *DS, CheckerContext &C) const {
+ if (!DS->isSingleDecl())
+ return;
+
+ ASTContext &Ctx = C.getASTContext();
+ SValBuilder &SVB = C.getSValBuilder();
+ ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
+ QualType TypeToCheck;
+
+ const VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DS->getSingleDecl());
+
+ if (VD)
+ TypeToCheck = VD->getType().getCanonicalType();
+ else if (const auto *TND = dyn_cast<TypedefNameDecl>(DS->getSingleDecl()))
+ TypeToCheck = TND->getUnderlyingType().getCanonicalType();
+ else
+ return;
+
+ const VariableArrayType *VLA = Ctx.getAsVariableArrayType(TypeToCheck);
+ if (!VLA)
+ return;
+
+ // Check the VLA sizes for validity.
+
+ SVal ArraySize;
+
+ State = checkVLA(C, State, VLA, ArraySize);
+ if (!State)
+ return;
+
+ if (!isa<NonLoc>(ArraySize)) {
+ // Array size could not be determined but state may contain new assumptions.
+ C.addTransition(State);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // VLASizeChecker is responsible for defining the extent of the array.
+ if (VD) {
+ State =
+ setDynamicExtent(State, State->getRegion(VD, C.getLocationContext()),
+ ArraySize.castAs<NonLoc>(), SVB);
+ }
+
+ // Remember our assumptions!
+ C.addTransition(State);
+}
+
+void VLASizeChecker::checkPreStmt(const UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr *UETTE,
+ CheckerContext &C) const {
+ // Want to check for sizeof.
+ if (UETTE->getKind() != UETT_SizeOf)
+ return;
+
+ // Ensure a type argument.
+ if (!UETTE->isArgumentType())
+ return;
+
+ const VariableArrayType *VLA = C.getASTContext().getAsVariableArrayType(
+ UETTE->getTypeOfArgument().getCanonicalType());
+ // Ensure that the type is a VLA.
+ if (!VLA)
+ return;
+
+ ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
+ SVal ArraySize;
+ State = checkVLA(C, State, VLA, ArraySize);
+ if (!State)
+ return;
+
+ C.addTransition(State);
+}
+
+void ento::registerVLASizeChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) {
+ mgr.registerChecker<VLASizeChecker>();
+}
+
+bool ento::shouldRegisterVLASizeChecker(const CheckerManager &mgr) {
+ return true;
+}