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+//===- UnifyLoopExits.cpp - Redirect exiting edges to one block -*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// For each natural loop with multiple exit blocks, this pass creates a new
+// block N such that all exiting blocks now branch to N, and then control flow
+// is redistributed to all the original exit blocks.
+//
+// Limitation: This assumes that all terminators in the CFG are direct branches
+// (the "br" instruction). The presence of any other control flow
+// such as indirectbr, switch or callbr will cause an assert.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
+#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "unify-loop-exits"
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+namespace {
+struct UnifyLoopExits : public FunctionPass {
+ static char ID;
+ UnifyLoopExits() : FunctionPass(ID) {
+ initializeUnifyLoopExitsPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
+ }
+
+ void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
+ AU.addRequiredID(LowerSwitchID);
+ AU.addRequired<LoopInfoWrapperPass>();
+ AU.addRequired<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>();
+ AU.addPreservedID(LowerSwitchID);
+ AU.addPreserved<LoopInfoWrapperPass>();
+ AU.addPreserved<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>();
+ }
+
+ bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override;
+};
+} // namespace
+
+char UnifyLoopExits::ID = 0;
+
+FunctionPass *llvm::createUnifyLoopExitsPass() { return new UnifyLoopExits(); }
+
+INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(UnifyLoopExits, "unify-loop-exits",
+ "Fixup each natural loop to have a single exit block",
+ false /* Only looks at CFG */, false /* Analysis Pass */)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(LowerSwitch)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(DominatorTreeWrapperPass)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(LoopInfoWrapperPass)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_END(UnifyLoopExits, "unify-loop-exits",
+ "Fixup each natural loop to have a single exit block",
+ false /* Only looks at CFG */, false /* Analysis Pass */)
+
+// The current transform introduces new control flow paths which may break the
+// SSA requirement that every def must dominate all its uses. For example,
+// consider a value D defined inside the loop that is used by some instruction
+// U outside the loop. It follows that D dominates U, since the original
+// program has valid SSA form. After merging the exits, all paths from D to U
+// now flow through the unified exit block. In addition, there may be other
+// paths that do not pass through D, but now reach the unified exit
+// block. Thus, D no longer dominates U.
+//
+// Restore the dominance by creating a phi for each such D at the new unified
+// loop exit. But when doing this, ignore any uses U that are in the new unified
+// loop exit, since those were introduced specially when the block was created.
+//
+// The use of SSAUpdater seems like overkill for this operation. The location
+// for creating the new PHI is well-known, and also the set of incoming blocks
+// to the new PHI.
+static void restoreSSA(const DominatorTree &DT, const Loop *L,
+ const SetVector<BasicBlock *> &Incoming,
+ BasicBlock *LoopExitBlock) {
+ using InstVector = SmallVector<Instruction *, 8>;
+ using IIMap = DenseMap<Instruction *, InstVector>;
+ IIMap ExternalUsers;
+ for (auto BB : L->blocks()) {
+ for (auto &I : *BB) {
+ for (auto &U : I.uses()) {
+ auto UserInst = cast<Instruction>(U.getUser());
+ auto UserBlock = UserInst->getParent();
+ if (UserBlock == LoopExitBlock)
+ continue;
+ if (L->contains(UserBlock))
+ continue;
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "added ext use for " << I.getName() << "("
+ << BB->getName() << ")"
+ << ": " << UserInst->getName() << "("
+ << UserBlock->getName() << ")"
+ << "\n");
+ ExternalUsers[&I].push_back(UserInst);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (auto II : ExternalUsers) {
+ // For each Def used outside the loop, create NewPhi in
+ // LoopExitBlock. NewPhi receives Def only along exiting blocks that
+ // dominate it, while the remaining values are undefined since those paths
+ // didn't exist in the original CFG.
+ auto Def = II.first;
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "externally used: " << Def->getName() << "\n");
+ auto NewPhi = PHINode::Create(Def->getType(), Incoming.size(),
+ Def->getName() + ".moved",
+ LoopExitBlock->getTerminator());
+ for (auto In : Incoming) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "predecessor " << In->getName() << ": ");
+ if (Def->getParent() == In || DT.dominates(Def, In)) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "dominated\n");
+ NewPhi->addIncoming(Def, In);
+ } else {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "not dominated\n");
+ NewPhi->addIncoming(UndefValue::get(Def->getType()), In);
+ }
+ }
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "external users:");
+ for (auto U : II.second) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " " << U->getName());
+ U->replaceUsesOfWith(Def, NewPhi);
+ }
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n");
+ }
+}
+
+static bool unifyLoopExits(DominatorTree &DT, LoopInfo &LI, Loop *L) {
+ // To unify the loop exits, we need a list of the exiting blocks as
+ // well as exit blocks. The functions for locating these lists both
+ // traverse the entire loop body. It is more efficient to first
+ // locate the exiting blocks and then examine their successors to
+ // locate the exit blocks.
+ SetVector<BasicBlock *> ExitingBlocks;
+ SetVector<BasicBlock *> Exits;
+
+ // We need SetVectors, but the Loop API takes a vector, so we use a temporary.
+ SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 8> Temp;
+ L->getExitingBlocks(Temp);
+ for (auto BB : Temp) {
+ ExitingBlocks.insert(BB);
+ for (auto S : successors(BB)) {
+ auto SL = LI.getLoopFor(S);
+ // A successor is not an exit if it is directly or indirectly in the
+ // current loop.
+ if (SL == L || L->contains(SL))
+ continue;
+ Exits.insert(S);
+ }
+ }
+
+ LLVM_DEBUG(
+ dbgs() << "Found exit blocks:";
+ for (auto Exit : Exits) {
+ dbgs() << " " << Exit->getName();
+ }
+ dbgs() << "\n";
+
+ dbgs() << "Found exiting blocks:";
+ for (auto EB : ExitingBlocks) {
+ dbgs() << " " << EB->getName();
+ }
+ dbgs() << "\n";);
+
+ if (Exits.size() <= 1) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "loop does not have multiple exits; nothing to do\n");
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 8> GuardBlocks;
+ DomTreeUpdater DTU(DT, DomTreeUpdater::UpdateStrategy::Eager);
+ auto LoopExitBlock = CreateControlFlowHub(&DTU, GuardBlocks, ExitingBlocks,
+ Exits, "loop.exit");
+
+ restoreSSA(DT, L, ExitingBlocks, LoopExitBlock);
+
+#if defined(EXPENSIVE_CHECKS)
+ assert(DT.verify(DominatorTree::VerificationLevel::Full));
+#else
+ assert(DT.verify(DominatorTree::VerificationLevel::Fast));
+#endif // EXPENSIVE_CHECKS
+ L->verifyLoop();
+
+ // The guard blocks were created outside the loop, so they need to become
+ // members of the parent loop.
+ if (auto ParentLoop = L->getParentLoop()) {
+ for (auto G : GuardBlocks) {
+ ParentLoop->addBasicBlockToLoop(G, LI);
+ }
+ ParentLoop->verifyLoop();
+ }
+
+#if defined(EXPENSIVE_CHECKS)
+ LI.verify(DT);
+#endif // EXPENSIVE_CHECKS
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool UnifyLoopExits::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "===== Unifying loop exits in function " << F.getName()
+ << "\n");
+ auto &LI = getAnalysis<LoopInfoWrapperPass>().getLoopInfo();
+ auto &DT = getAnalysis<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>().getDomTree();
+
+ bool Changed = false;
+ auto Loops = LI.getLoopsInPreorder();
+ for (auto L : Loops) {
+ LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Loop: " << L->getHeader()->getName() << " (depth: "
+ << LI.getLoopDepth(L->getHeader()) << ")\n");
+ Changed |= unifyLoopExits(DT, LI, L);
+ }
+ return Changed;
+}